Wikibooks enwikibooks https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikibooks Wikibooks talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Cookbook Cookbook talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikijunior Wikijunior talk Subject Subject talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2126 4641043 4605264 2026-06-24T00:04:11Z Somepinkdude 3509137 /* Newton's Laws */ 4641043 wikitext text/x-wiki This textbook is designed for use with first- and second-year college level [[physics]] for engineers and scientists. While the content is not mathematically complicated or very advanced, the students are expected to be familiar with differential calculus and some integral [[calculus]]. Unlike the [[Modern Physics]] textbook, this textbook will stay with the traditional order in presentation of topics in mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and geometric optics. These consist the first two semesters and perhaps first few weeks of the third semester. The topics in modern physics, which can be covered during the third semester in the remaining time, can be presented or read in any order. In keeping with maintaining the orthodox order, we will also maintain the traditional chapter-section organization. A few suggested break points between semesters are shown below as well. These break points are marked by a horizontal line between chapters. ''(Note to editors: For the purpose of hierarchical organization, at least until the organization of the book is settled down, it should be: "Physics with Calculus/General Topic/Specific Topic", where "General Topic" is any of the following: Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Electromagnetism, Optics, Modern. No additional "general topic" should be necessary. "Specific Topic" is what it sounds like it is. It can be as specific as necessary, such as "Conservation of Angular Momentum in Spin-Orbit Coupling", or as general as necessary, such as "Newton's Laws". More specific information, such as ordering of chapters will be kept in this module only. This should minimize the need to rename books each time one section moves from one chapter to another, without the unclear "Part I" or "Unit I".)'' == Introductions == * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/Textbook|Introduction to Textbook]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/Physics|Introduction to Physics (general)]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/For Engineers|Introduction for Engineers]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/For Chemists|Introduction for Chemists]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/For Geologists|Introduction for Geologists]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/For Biologists|Introduction for Biologists]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Introduction/For Mathematicians|Introduction for Mathematicians]] == Newtonian mechanics: force, motion, and waves == === [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Measurement|Measurement]] === # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/The SI Unit System|The SI Unit System]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Scalar and Vector Quantities|Scalar and Vector Quantities]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Significant Figures|Significant Figures]] === [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Kinematics|Kinematics]] === # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Motion in One Dimension|Motion in One Dimension]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Motion in Two Dimensions|Motion in Two Dimensions]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Projectile Motion|Projectile Motion]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Relative Motion|Relative Motion]] # [[/Mechanics/Velocity and Acceleration|Velocity and Acceleration]] === [[/Mechanics/Newton's Laws|Newton's Laws]] === # [[/Mechanics/Newton's First Law|Newton's First Law]] # [[/Mechanics/Newton's Second Law|Newton's Second Law]] # [[/Mechanics/Newton's Third Law|Newton's Third Law]] # [[/Mechanics/Center of Mass|Center of Mass]] # [[/Mechanics/Linear Motion and Statics|Linear Motion and Statics]] # [[/Mechanics/Problems|Problems]] === [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Energy|Energy]] === # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Work and Energy|Work and Energy]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Energy and Conservation of Energy|Energy and Conservation of Energy]] === [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Gravity|Gravity]] === # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Newton's Law of Gravitation and Weight|Newton's Law of Gravitation and Weight]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Gravitational Potential Energy|Gravitational Potential Energy]] ===Other Topics=== # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Momentum and Conservation of Momentum|Momentum and Conservation of Momentum]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Rotational Motion|Rotational Motion]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Linear-Rotational Analogs|Linear-Rotational Analogs]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Fluid Mechanics|Fluid Mechanics]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Mechanics/Harmonic Motion, Waves, and Sounds|Harmonic Motion, Waves, and Sounds]] == Thermodynamics== # [[Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/Pressure and Temperature|Pressure and Temperature]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/The Ideal Gas|The Ideal Gas]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/Intensive and Extensive Properties|Intensive and Extensive Properties]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Thermodynamics/Entropy|Entropy]] ==Electromagnetism== # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law|Electric Charge and Coulomb's Law]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Electric Fields|Electric Fields]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Continuous Charge Distributions|Continuous Charge Distributions]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Gauss' Law|Gauss' Law]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Voltage|Voltage]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Field Energy|Field Energy]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Capacitance, Inductance, LRC Circuits|Capacitance, Inductance, LRC Circuits]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Current and Circuits|Current and Circuits]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Resistance|Resistance]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Magnetic fields|Magnetic fields]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Ampere's Law|Ampere's Law]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Electromagnetic Induction|Electromagnetic Induction]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/AC Circuits|AC Circuits]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Maxwell's Equations|Maxwell's Equations]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Electromagnetic Waves|Electromagnetic Waves]] == Optics == # [[Physics with Calculus/Optics/Light|Light]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Optics/Geometric Optics|Geometric Optics]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Optics/Wave Properties of Light|Wave Properties of Light]] ==Modern Physics== # [[Physics with Calculus/Modern/Relativity|Relativity]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Modern/Special Relativity|Special Relativity]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Modern/Quantum Mechanics|Quantum Mechanics]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Modern/Atoms|Atoms]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Modern/The Bohr Model|The Bohr Model]] # [[Physics with Calculus/Modern/The Schroedinger Equation|The Schroedinger Equation]] ==Indices and appendices== * [[Physics with Calculus/Glossary|Glossary]] * [[Physics with Calculus/Appendix 1/Derivatives|Appendix 1: Derivatives]] ** [[Physics with Calculus/Appendix 2/Examples of Derivatives| Appendix 2: Examples of Derivatives]] == See Also == * [http://www.lightandmatter.com/area1sn.html Simple Nature], an online physics textbook released under a CC BY-SA license. {{Alphabetical|P}} {{Shelves|Physics}} {{status|50%}} icdpajhw0qdstkhamil79aphztfvqlp 0 15005 4640999 4386323 2026-06-23T13:26:13Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4640999 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Algorithms/TOC}}</noinclude> '''Hill climbing''' is a technique for certain classes of optimization problems. The idea is to start with a sub-optimal solution to a problem (i.e., ''start at the base of a hill'') and then repeatedly improve the solution (''walk up the hill'') until some condition is maximized (''the top of the hill is reached''). <table WIDTH="80%"> <tr><td style="background-color: #FFFFEE; border: solid 1px #FFC92E; padding: 1em;" valign=top>''' Hill-Climbing Methodology''' # Construct a sub-optimal solution that meets the constraints of the problem # Take the solution and make an improvement upon it # Repeatedly improve the solution until no more improvements are necessary/possible</td></tr></table> One of the most popular hill-climbing problems is the network flow problem. Although network flow may sound somewhat specific it is important because it has high expressive power: for example, many algorithmic problems encountered in practice can actually be considered special cases of network flow. After covering a simple example of the hill-climbing approach for a numerical problem we cover network flow and then present examples of applications of network flow. == Newton's Root Finding Method == [[Image:Newton_iteration.svg|right|thumb|300px|An illustration of Newton's method: The zero of the ''f(x)'' function is at ''x''. We see that the guess ''x_n+1'' is a better guess than ''x_n'' because it is closer to ''x''. (''from [[w:Newton's method|Wikipedia]]'')]] <!-- Mathematical formulas set as HTML - otherwise picture caption will not work. --> Newton's Root Finding Method is a three-centuries-old algorithm for finding numerical approximations to roots of a function (that is a point <math>x</math> where the function <math>f(x)</math> becomes zero), starting from an initial guess. You need to know the function <math>f(x)\,</math> and its first derivative <math>f'(x)\,</math> for this algorithm. The idea is the following: In the vicinity of the initial guess <math>x_0</math> we can form the Taylor expansion of the function :<math>f(x)=f(x_0+\epsilon)\,</math><math>\approx f(x_0)+\epsilon f'(x_0)</math><math>+\frac{\epsilon^2}{2} f''(x_0)+...</math> <!-- Function split up to "wrap" for smaller screens --> which gives a good approximation to the function near <math>x_0</math>. Taking only the first two terms on the right hand side, setting them equal to zero, and solving for <math>\epsilon</math>, we obtain :<math>\epsilon=-\frac{f(x_0)}{f'(x_0)}</math> which we can use to construct a better solution :<math>x_1=x_0+\epsilon=x_0-\frac{f(x_0)}{f'(x_0)}.</math> This new solution can be the starting point for applying the same procedure again. Thus, in general a better approximation can be constructed by repeatedly applying :<math>x_{n+1}=x_n-\frac{f(x_n)}{f'(x_n)}.</math> As shown in the illustration, this is nothing else but the construction of the zero from the tangent at the initial guessing point. In general, Newton's root finding method converges quadratically, except when the first derivative of the solution <math>f'(x)=0\,</math> vanishes at the root. Coming back to the "Hill climbing" analogy, we could apply Newton's root finding method not to the function <math>f(x)\,</math>, but to its first derivative <math>f'(x)\,</math>, that is look for <math>x</math> such that <math>f'(x)=0\,</math>. This would give the extremal positions of the function, its maxima and minima. Starting Newton's method close enough to a maximum this way, we climb the hill. ==== Example application of Newton's method ==== The net present value function is a function of time, an interest rate, and a series of cash flows. A related function is Internal Rate of Return. The formula for each period is (CF_i x (1+ i/100) ^t , and this will give a polynomial function which is the total cash flow, and equals zero when the interest rate equals the IRR. In using Newton's method, x is the interest rate, and y is the total cash flow, and the method will use the derivative function of the polynomial to find the slope of the graph at a given interest rate (x-value), which will give the x_n+1 , or a better interest rate to try in the next iteration to find the target x where y ( the total returns) is zero. Instead of regarding continuous functions, the hill-climbing method can also be applied to discrete networks. == Network Flow == Suppose you have a directed graph (possibly with cycles) with one vertex labeled as the source and another vertex labeled as the destination or the "sink". The source vertex only has edges coming out of it, with no edges going into it. Similarly, the destination vertex only has edges going into it, with no edges coming out of it. We can assume that the graph is fully connected with no dead-ends; i.e., for every vertex (except the source and the sink), there is at least one edge going into the vertex and one edge going out of it. We assign a "capacity" to each edge, and initially we'll consider only integral-valued capacities. The following graph meets our requirements, where "s" is the source and "t" is the destination: [[Image:Algorithms-NetFlow1.png]] We'd like now to imagine that we have some series of inputs arriving at the source that we want to carry on the edges over to the sink. The number of units we can send on an edge at a time must be less than or equal to the edge's capacity. You can think of the vertices as cities and the edges as roads between the cities and we want to send as many cars from the source city to the destination city as possible. The constraint is that we cannot send more cars down a road than its capacity can handle. '''The goal of network flow''' is to send as much traffic from <math>s</math> to <math>t</math> as each street can bear. To organize the traffic routes, we can build a list of different paths from city <math>s</math> to city <math>t</math>. Each path has a carrying capacity equal to the smallest capacity value for any edge on the path; for example, consider the following path <math>p</math>: [[Image:Algorithms-NetFlow2.png]] Even though the final edge of <math>p</math> has a capacity of 8, that edge only has one car traveling on it because the edge before it only has a capacity of 1 (thus, that edge is at full capacity). After using this path, we can compute the '''residual graph''' by subtracting 1 from the capacity of each edge: [[Image:Algorithms-NetFlow3.png]] (We subtracted 1 from the capacity of each edge in <math>p</math> because 1 was the carrying capacity of <math>p</math>.) We can say that path <math>p</math> has a flow of 1. Formally, a '''flow''' is an assignment <math>f(e)</math> of values to the set of edges in the graph <math>G = (V, E)</math> such that: :1. <math>\forall e\in E: f(e)\in\R</math> :2. <math>\forall (u,v)\in E: f((u,v)) = -f((v,u))</math> :3. <math>\forall u\in V, u\ne s,t: \sum_{v\in V}f(u,v) = 0</math> :4. <math>\forall e\in E: f(e)\le c(e)</math> Where <math>s</math> is the source node and <math>t</math> is the sink node, and <math>c(e)\ge 0</math> is the capacity of edge <math>e</math>. We define the value of a flow <math>f</math> to be: :<math>\textrm{Value}(f) = \sum_{v\in V} f((s, v))</math> The goal of network flow is to find an <math>f</math> such that <math>\textrm{Value}(f)</math> is maximal. To be maximal means that there is no other flow assignment that obeys the constraints 1-4 that would have a higher value. The traffic example can describe what the four flow constraints mean: # <math>\forall e\in E: f(e)\in\R</math>. This rule simply defines a flow to be a function from edges in the graph to real numbers. The function is defined for every edge in the graph. You could also consider the "function" to simply be a mapping: Every edge can be an index into an array and the value of the array at an edge is the value of the flow function at that edge. # <math>\forall (u,v)\in E: f((u,v)) = -f((v,u))</math>. This rule says that if there is some traffic flowing from node ''u'' to node ''v'' then there should be considered negative that amount flowing from ''v'' to ''u''. For example, if two cars are flowing from city ''u'' to city ''v'', then negative two cars are going in the other direction. Similarly, if three cars are going from city ''u'' to city ''v'' and two cars are going city ''v'' to city ''u'' then the net effect is the same as if one car was going from city ''u'' to city ''v'' and no cars are going from city ''v'' to city ''u''. # <math>\forall u\in V, u\ne s,t: \sum_{v\in V}f(u,v) = 0</math>. This rule says that the net flow (except for the source and the destination) should be neutral. That is, you won't ever have more cars going into a city than you would have coming out of the city. New cars can only come from the source, and cars can only be stored in the destination. Similarly, whatever flows out of ''s'' must eventually flow into ''t''. Note that if a city has three cars coming into it, it could send two cars to one city and the remaining car to a different city. Also, a city might have cars coming into it from multiple sources (although all are ultimately from city ''s''). # <math>\forall e\in E: f(e)\le c(e)</math>. == The Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm == The following algorithm computes the maximal flow for a given graph with non-negative capacities. What the algorithm does can be easy to understand, but it's non-trivial to show that it terminates and provides an optimal solution. function '''net-flow'''(graph (''V'', ''E''), node ''s'', node ''t'', cost ''c''): flow initialize ''f''(''e'') := 0 for all ''e'' in ''E'' loop while not ''done'' for all ''e'' in ''E'': ''// compute residual capacities'' let ''cf''(''e'') := ''c''(''e'') - ''f''(''e'') repeat let ''Gf'' := (''V'', {''e'' : ''e'' in ''E'' and ''cf''(''e'') > 0}) find a path ''p'' from ''s'' to ''t'' in ''Gf'' ''// e.g., use depth first search'' if no path ''p'' exists: signal ''done'' let ''path-capacities'' := map(''p'', ''cf'') ''// a path is a set of edges'' let ''m'' := min-val-of(''path-capacities'') ''// smallest residual capacity of p'' for all (''u'', ''v'') in ''p'': ''// maintain flow constraints'' ''f''((''u'', ''v'')) := ''f''((''u'', ''v'')) + ''m'' ''f''((''v'', ''u'')) := ''f''((''v'', ''u'')) - ''m'' repeat repeat end {{TODO|explain, hopefully using pictures, what the algorithm is doing. Explain its run time. Prove that it is optimal. Show an optimization, by "remembering" the Depth First Search to cut down the time the algorithm takes.|Algorithms}} The Ford-Fulkerson algorithm uses repeated calls to Breadth-First Search ( use a queue to schedule the children of a node to become the current node). Breadth-First Search increments the length of each path +1 so that the first path to get to the destination, the shortest path, will be the first off the queue. This is in contrast with using a Stack, which is Depth-First Search, and will come up with *any* path to the target, with the "descendants" of current node examined, but not necessarily the shortest. * In one search, a path from source to target is found. All nodes are made unmarked at the beginning of a new search. Seen nodes are "marked" , and not searched again if encountered again. Eventually, all reachable nodes will have been scheduled on the queue , and no more unmarked nodes can be reached off the last the node on the queue. * During the search, nodes scheduled have the finding "edge" (consisting of the current node , the found node, a current flow, and a total capacity in the direction first to second node), recorded. * This allows finding a reverse path from the target node once reached, to the start node. Once a path is found, the edges are examined to find the edge with the minimum remaining capacity, and this becomes the flow that will result along this path , and this quantity is removed from the remaining capacity of each edge along the path. At the "bottleneck" edge with the minimum remaining capacity, no more flow will be possible, in the forward direction, but still possible in the backward direction. * This process of BFS for a path to the target node, filling up the path to the bottleneck edge's residual capacity, is repeated, until BFS cannot find a path to the target node ( the node is not reached because all sequences of edges leading to the target have had their bottleneck edges filled). Hence memory of the side effects of previous paths found, is recorded in the flows of the edges, and affect the results of future searches. * An important property of maximal flow is that flow can occur in the backward direction of an edge, and the residual capacity in the backward direction is the current flow in the forward direction. Normally, the residual capacity in the forward direction of an edge is the initial capacity less forward flow. Intuitively, this allows more options for maximizing flow as earlier augmenting paths block off shorter paths. * On termination, the algorithm will retain the marked and unmarked states of the results of the last BFS. * the minimum cut state is the two sets of marked and unmarked nodes formed from the last unsuccessful BFS starting from the start node, and not marking the target the node. The start node belongs to one side of the cut, and the target node belongs to the other. Arbitrarily, being "in Cut" means being on the start side, or being a marked node. Recall how are a node comes to be marked, given an edge with a flow and a residual capacity. ==== Example application of Ford-Fulkerson maximum flow/ minimum cut ==== An example of application of Ford-Fulkerson is in baseball season elimination. The question is whether the team can possibly win the whole season by exceeding some combination of wins of the other teams. The idea is that a flow graph is set up with teams not being able to exceed the number of total wins which a target team can maximally win for the entire season. There are game nodes whose edges represent the number of remaining matches between two teams, and each game node outflows to two team nodes, via edges that will not limit forward flow; team nodes receive edges from all games they participate. Then outflow edges with win limiting capacity flow to the virtual target node. In a maximal flow state where the target node's total wins will exceed some combination of wins of the other teams, the penultimate depth-first search will cutoff the start node from the rest of the graph, because no flow will be possible to any of the game nodes, as a result of the penultimate depth-first search (recall what happens to the flow , in the second part of the algorithm after finding the path). This is because in seeking the maximal flow of each path, the game edges' capacities will be maximally drained by the win-limit edges further along the path, and any residual game capacity means there are more games to be played that will make at least one team overtake the target teams' maximal wins. If a team node is in the minimum cut, then there is an edge with residual capacity leading to the team, which means what , given the previous statements? What do the set of teams found in a minimum cut represent ( hint: consider the game node edge) ? ==== Example Maximum bipartite matching ( intern matching ) ==== This matching problem doesn't include preference weightings. A set of companies offers jobs which are made into one big set , and interns apply to companies for specific jobs. The applications are edges with a weight of 1. To convert the bipartite matching problem to a maximum flow problem, virtual vertexes s and t are created , which have weighted 1 edges from s to all interns, and from all jobs to t. Then the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm is used to sequentially saturate 1 capacity edges from the graph, by augmenting found paths. It may happen that a intermediate state is reached where left over interns and jobs are unmatched, but backtracking along reverse edges which have residual capacity = forward flow = 1, along longer paths that occur later during breadth-first search, will negate previous suboptimal augmenting paths, and provide further search options for matching, and will terminate only when maximal flow or maximum matching is reached. <noinclude> ----{{Algorithms/TOC}}</noinclude> 5k72qmwakelq08vsyqjiwy47wmt8a24 0 42442 4640996 4636377 2026-06-23T13:05:54Z ~2026-36463-89 3609332 /* Greek letters */ 4640996 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{LaTeX/Top}} </noinclude> One of the greatest motivating forces for Donald Knuth when he began developing the original TeX system was to create something that allowed simple construction of mathematical formulas, while looking professional when printed. The fact that he succeeded was most probably why TeX (and later on, LaTeX) became so popular within the scientific community. Typesetting mathematics is one of LaTeX's greatest strengths. It is also a large topic due to the existence of so much mathematical notation. If your document requires only a few simple mathematical formulas, plain LaTeX has most of the tools that you will ever need. If you are writing a scientific document that contains numerous complex formulas, the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package<ref>http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex</ref> introduces several new commands that are more powerful and flexible than the ones provided by basic LaTeX. The {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} package fixes some {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} quirks and adds some useful settings, symbols, and environments to amsmath.<ref>http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mathtools/mathtools.pdf</ref> To use either package, include: <syntaxhighlight lang="latex"> \usepackage{amsmath} </syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="latex"> \usepackage{mathtools} </syntaxhighlight> in the preamble of the document. The {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} package loads the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package and hence there is no need to <code>\usepackage{amsmath}</code> in the preamble if {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} is used. == Mathematics environments == LaTeX needs to know when the text is mathematical. This is because LaTeX typesets math notation differently from normal text. Therefore, special environments have been declared for this purpose. They can be distinguished into two categories depending on how they are presented: * ''text'' &mdash; text formulas are displayed inline, that is, within the body of text where it is declared, for example, I can say that <math>a+a=2a</math> within this sentence. * ''displayed'' &mdash; displayed formulas are on a line by themselves. As math requires special environments, there are naturally the appropriate environment names you can use in the standard way. Unlike most other environments, however, there are some handy shorthands for declaring your formulas. The following table summarizes them: {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" !width="15%"|Type !Inline (within text) formulas !Displayed equations !Displayed and automatically numbered equations |- !Environment |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=math}} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=displaymath}} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=equation}} |- ! width="15%"|LaTeX shorthand |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\(...\) }} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\[...\]}} | |- !width="15%"|TeX shorthand |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$...$}} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$$...$$ }} | |- !width="20%"|Comment | | |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=equation*}} (starred version) suppresses numbering, but requires amsmath |} '''Suggestion''': Using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$$...$$}} should be avoided, as it may cause problems, particularly with the AMS-LaTeX macros. Furthermore, should a problem occur, the error messages may not be helpful. The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=equation*}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=displaymath}} environments are functionally equivalent. If you are typing text normally, you are said to be in ''text mode'', but while you are typing within one of those mathematical environments, you are said to be in ''math mode'', that has some differences compared to the ''text mode'': # Most spaces and line breaks do not have any significance, as all spaces are either derived logically from the mathematical expressions or have to be specified with special commands such as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} # Empty lines are not allowed. Only one paragraph per formula. # Each letter is considered to be the name of a variable and will be typeset as such. If you want to typeset normal text within a formula (normal upright font with normal spacing), then you have to enter the text using [[#Adding text to equations|dedicated commands.]] === Inserting "Displayed" maths inside blocks of text === In order for some operators, such as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\lim}} or {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sum}}, to be displayed correctly inside some math environments (read {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$......$}}), it might be convenient to write the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\displaystyle}} class inside the environment. Doing so might cause the line to be taller, but will cause exponents and indices to be displayed correctly for some math operators. For example, the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$\sum$}} will print a smaller Σ and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$\displaystyle \sum$}} will print a bigger one <math>\displaystyle \sum</math>, like in equations.{{efn|name="amsmath"}} It is possible to force this behaviour for all math environments by declaring {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\everymath{\displaystyle} }} in the preamble (i.e. before {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\begin{document} }}). == Symbols == Mathematics has many symbols! The following is a set of symbols that can be accessed directly from the keyboard: + - = ! / ( ) [ ] < > | ' : * Beyond those listed above, distinct commands must be issued in order to display the desired symbols. There are many examples such as Greek letters, set and relations symbols, arrows, binary operators, etc. For example: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \forall x \in X, \quad \exists y \leq \epsilon |render=<math> \forall x \in X, \quad \exists y \leq \epsilon \,</math>}} Fortunately, there's a tool that can greatly simplify the search for the command for a specific symbol. Look for "Detexify" in the [[#External links|external links]] section below. Another option would be to look in "The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List" in the [[#External links|external links]] section below. ==Greek letters== Greek letters are commonly used in mathematics, and they are very easy to type in ''math mode''. You just have to type the name of the letter after a backslash: if the first letter is lowercase, you will get a lowercase Greek letter, if the first letter is uppercase (and only the first letter), then you will get an uppercase letter. Note that some uppercase Greek letters look like Latin ones, so they are not provided by LaTeX (e.g. uppercase ''Alpha'' and ''Beta'' are just "A" and "B", respectively). Lowercase epsilon, theta, kappa, phi, pi, rho, and sigma are provided in two different versions. The alternate, or ''var''iant, version is created by adding "var" before the name of the letter: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \alpha, \Alpha, \beta, \Beta, \gamma, \Gamma, \pi, \Pi, \phi, \varphi, \mu, \Phi |render=<math>\alpha, \Alpha, \beta, \Beta, \gamma, \Gamma, \pi, \Pi, \phi, \varphi, \mu, \Phi,\lamda</math>}} Scroll down to [[#List of mathematical symbols]] for a complete list of Greek symbols. == Operators == An operator is a function that is written as a word: e.g. trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan), logarithms and exponentials (log, exp), limits (lim), as well as trace and determinant (tr, det). LaTeX has many of these defined as commands: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta |render=<math>\cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta \,</math> }} For certain operators such as [[w:Limit (mathematics)|limits]], the subscript is placed underneath the operator: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \lim\limits_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0 |render=<math>\lim_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0</math>}} For the [[w:Modular arithmetic|modular operator]] there are two commands: {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\bmod}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\pmod}}: {{LaTeX/Example|code= a \bmod b |render=<math> a \, \bmod \, b \,</math>}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= x \equiv a \pmod{b} |render=<math> x \equiv a \pmod b \,</math>}} To use operators that are not pre-defined, such as [[w:argmax|argmax]], see [[../Advanced Mathematics#Custom operators|custom operators]] == Powers and indices == Powers and indices are equivalent to superscripts and subscripts in normal text mode. The caret (<code>^</code>; [[w:Caret|also known as the circumflex accent]]) character is used to raise something, and the underscore (<code>_</code>) is for lowering. If an expression containing more than one character is raised or lowered, it should be grouped using curly braces (<code>{</code> and <code>}</code>). {{LaTeX/Example|code= k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1} |render=<math> k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1} \,</math>}} For powers with more than one digit, surround the power with {}. {{LaTeX/Example|code= x^{1.01} |render=<math> x^{1.01} \,</math>}} An underscore (<code>_</code>) can be used with a vertical bar (<math> | </math>) to denote evaluation using subscript notation in mathematics: {{LaTeX/Example|code= f(n) = n^5 + 4n^2 + 2 {{!}}_{n=17} |render=<math> f(n) = n^5 + 4n^2 + 2 |_{n=17} \,</math>}} == Fractions and Binomials == A fraction is created using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\frac{numerator}{denominator}<!---->}} command (for those who need their memories refreshed, that's the ''top'' and ''bottom'' respectively!). Likewise, the [[w:Binomial coefficient|binomial coefficient]] (a.k.a, the Choose function) may be written using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\binom}} command:{{efn|name="amsmath"}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k} |render= <math> \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k} </math> }} You can embed fractions within fractions: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}<!---->}{y-z} |render= <math> \frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}}{y-z} </math> }} Note that when appearing inside another fraction, or in inline text <math>\tfrac{a}{b}</math>, a fraction is noticeably smaller than in displayed mathematics. The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\tfrac}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dfrac}} commands{{efn|name="amsmath"}} force the use of the respective styles, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\textstyle}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\displaystyle}}. Similarly, the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\tbinom}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dbinom}} commands typeset the binomial coefficient. For relatively simple fractions, especially within the text, it may be more aesthetically pleasing to use [[#Powers and indices|powers and indices]] instead: {{LaTeX/Example|code= ^3/_7 |render=<math> ^3/_7 \,</math> }} If this looks a little "loose" (i.e., overspaced), a tightened version can be defined by inserting some negative space {{LaTeX/Example|code= %running fraction with slash - requires math mode. \newcommand*\rfrac[2]{{}^{#1}\!/_{#2}} \rfrac{3}{7} |render=<math> {{}^{3}\!/_{7}} </math> }} If you use them throughout the document, usage of {{LaTeX/Package|xfrac}} package is recommended. This package provides {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sfrac}} command to create slanted fractions. Usage: {{LaTeX/Example|code= Take $\sfrac{1}{2}$ cup of sugar, \dots 3\times\sfrac{1}{2}=1\sfrac{1}{2} Take ${}^1/_2$ cup of sugar, \dots 3\times{}^1/_2=1{}^1/_2 |render=[[Image:LaTeX-xfrac-example.png|400px]]}} If fractions are used as an exponent, curly braces have to be used around the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sfrac}} command: $x^\frac{1}{2}$ % no error $x^\sfrac{1}{2}$ % error $x^{\sfrac{1}{2}}$ % no error {{LaTeX/Example|code= $x^\frac{1}{2}$ % no error |render= <math> t^\frac{1}{2} </math> }} In some cases, using the package alone will result in errors about certain font shapes not being available. In that case, the {{LaTeX/Package|lmodern}} and {{LaTeX/Package|fix-cm}} packages need to be added as well. Alternatively, the {{LaTeX/Package|nicefrac}} package provides the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\nicefrac}} command, whose usage is similar to {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sfrac}}. === Continued fractions === Continued fractions should be written using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cfrac}} command:{{efn|name="amsmath"}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{equation} x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 + \cfrac{1}{a_2 + \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4} } } } \end{equation} |render= <math> x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 + \cfrac{1}{a_2 + \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4}}}} </math> }} === Multiplication of two numbers === To make multiplication visually similar to a fraction, a nested array can be used. For example, multiplication of numbers written one below the other can be typeset as follows: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{equation} \frac{ \begin{array}[b]{r} \left( x_4.12 x_217 \right)\\ \times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right) \end{array} }{ \left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right) } \end{equation} |render= <math>\frac{ \begin{array}[b]{r} \left( x_1 x_2 \right)\\ \times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right) \end{array} }{ \left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right) } </math> }} == Roots == The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt}} command creates a square root surrounding an expression. It accepts an optional argument specified in square brackets (<code>[</code> and <code>]</code>) to change magnitude: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}<!---->} |render= <math> \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}} </math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n} |render=<math> \sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n} </math> }} Some people prefer writing the square root "closing" it over its content. This method arguably makes it more clear what is in the scope of the root sign. This habit is not normally used while writing with the computer, but if you still want to change the output of the square root, LaTeX gives you this possibility. Just add the following code in the preamble of your document: {{LaTeX/Example|code= % New definition of square root: % it renames \sqrt as \oldsqrt \let\oldsqrt\sqrt % it defines the new \sqrt in terms of the old one \def\sqrt{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt} \def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{% \setbox0=\hbox{$#1\oldsqrt{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0 \advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0 \setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}% {\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}<!---->} |render=[[Image:Latex_new_squareroot.png|thumb|right|250px|The new style is on left, the old one on right]] }} This TeX code first renames the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt}} command as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\oldsqrt}}, then redefines {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt}} in terms of the old one, adding something more. The new square root can be seen in the picture on the left, compared to the old one on the right. Unfortunately this code won't work if you want to use multiple roots: if you try to write <math>\sqrt[b]{a}</math> as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt[b]{a}<!---->}} after you used the code above, you'll just get a wrong output. In other words, you can redefine the square root this way only if you are not going to use multiple roots in the whole document. An alternative piece of TeX code that does allow multiple roots is {{LaTeX/Example|code= \usepackage{letltxmacro} \makeatletter \let\oldr@@t\r@@t \def\r@@t#1#2{% \setbox0=\hbox{$\oldr@@t#1{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0 \advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0 \setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}% {\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}<!---->} \LetLtxMacro{\oldsqrt}{\sqrt} \renewcommand*{\sqrt}[2][\ ]{\oldsqrt[#1]{#2} <!---->} \makeatother $\sqrt[a]{b} \quad \oldsqrt[a]{b}$ |render=[[Image:LaTeX example sqrt.png]] }} However, this requires the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\usepackage{letltxmacro}<!---->}} package. == Sums and integrals == The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sum}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int}} commands insert the sum and integral symbols respectively, with limits specified using the caret (<code>^</code>) and underscore (<code>_</code>). The typical notation for sums is: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i |render=<math> \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i \,</math> }} or {{LaTeX/Example|code= \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i |render=<math> \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i \,</math> }} The limits for the integrals follow the same notation. It's also important to represent the integration variables with an upright <math>\mathrm{d}</math>, which in math mode is obtained through the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathrm{}|}} command, and with a small space separating it from the integrand, which is attained with the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\,}} command. {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x |render=<math> \int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x \,</math> }} There are many other "big" commands which operate in a similar manner: {| | <code>\sum</code> ||width="5%"| <math>\sum \,</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\prod</code> ||width="5%"| <math>\prod</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\coprod</code> ||width="5%"| <math>\coprod</math> |- | <code>\bigoplus</code> || <math>\bigoplus</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigotimes</code> || <math>\bigotimes</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigodot</code> || <math>\bigodot</math> |- | <code>\bigcup</code> || <math>\bigcup</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigcap</code> || <math>\bigcap</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\biguplus</code> || <math>\biguplus</math> |- | <code>\bigsqcup</code> || <math>\bigsqcup</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigvee</code> || <math>\bigvee</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigwedge</code> || <math>\bigwedge</math> |- | <code>\int</code> || <math>\int</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\oint</code> || <math>\oint</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\iint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\iint</math> |- | <code>\iiint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\iiint</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\iiiint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\iiiint</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\idotsint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\int \! \cdots \! \int</math> |} For more integral symbols, including those not included by default in the Computer Modern font, try the {{LaTeX/Package|esint}} package. The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\substack}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}} allows the use of {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\\}} to write the limits over multiple lines: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sum_{\substack{ 0<i<m \\ 0<j<n }<!---->} P(i,j) |render=<math> \sum_{\overset{\scriptstyle 0<i<m} {\scriptstyle 0<j<n}} P(i,j) \,</math> }} If you want the limits of an integral to be specified above and below the symbol (like the sum), use the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\limits}} command: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int\limits_a^b |render=<math> \int\limits_b^c \,</math> }} However, if you want this to apply to all integrals, it is preferable to specify the {{LaTeX/Parameter|intlimits}} option when loading the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \usepackage[intlimits]{amsmath} }} Subscripts and superscripts in other contexts, as well as other parameters to {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package related to them, are described in [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#Advanced_formatting|Advanced Mathematics]] chapter. For bigger integrals, you may use personal declarations, or the {{LaTeX/Package|bigints}} package <ref name=LM> http://hdl.handle.net/2268/6219</ref>. == Brackets, braces and delimiters == <small>''How to use braces in multi line equations is described in the [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#Braces_spanning_multiple_lines|Advanced Mathematics]] chapter.''</small> The use of delimiters such as brackets soon becomes important when dealing with anything but the most trivial equations. Without them, formulas can become ambiguous. Also, special types of mathematical structures, such as matrices, typically rely on delimiters to enclose them. There are a variety of delimiters available for use in LaTeX: {{LaTeX/Example|code= ( a ), [ b ], \{ c \}, {{!}} d {{!}}, \{{!}} e \{{!}}, \langle f \rangle, \lfloor g \rfloor, \lceil h \rceil, \ulcorner i \urcorner, / j \backslash |render=<math> ( a ), [ b ], \{ c \}, | d |, \| e \|, \langle f \rangle, \lfloor g \rfloor, \lceil h \rceil, \ulcorner i \urcorner, / j \backslash </math> }} where {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\lbrack}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\rbrack}} may be used in place of [ and ]. === Automatic sizing === Very often, mathematical features will differ in size, in which case the delimiters surrounding the expression should vary accordingly. This can be done automatically using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right}}, and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\middle}} commands. Any of the previous delimiters may be used in combination with these: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \left(\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right) |render=<math> \left(\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right) \,</math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= P\left(A=2\middle{{!}}\frac{A^2}{B}>4\right) | render=[[Image:Latex_example_middle.png|150px]] }} Curly braces are defined differently by using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left\{}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right\} }}, {{LaTeX/Example|code= \left\{\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right\} |render=<math> \left\{\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right\} \,</math> }} If a delimiter on only one side of an expression is required, then an invisible delimiter on the other side may be denoted using a period (<code>.</code>). {{LaTeX/Example|code= \left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right{{!}}_0^1 |render=<math> \left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right|_0^1 \,</math> }} === Manual sizing === In certain cases, the sizing produced by the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right}} commands may not be desirable, or you may simply want finer control over the delimiter sizes. In this case, the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\big}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\Big}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\bigg}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\Bigg}} modifier commands may be used: {{LaTeX/Example|code= ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( |render=<math> ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \,</math> }} These commands are primarily useful when dealing with nested delimiters. For example, when typesetting {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \left( k g(x) \right) |render=<math> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \left( k g(x) \right) </math> }} we notice that the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right}} commands produce the same size delimiters as those nested within it. This can be difficult to read. To fix this, we write {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \big( k g(x) \big) |render=<math> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \big( k g(x) \big) </math> }} Manual sizing can also be useful when an equation is too large, trails off the end of the page, and must be separated into two lines using an align command. Although the commands {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left.}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right.}} can be used to balance the delimiters on each line, this may lead to wrong delimiter sizes. Furthermore, manual sizing can be used to avoid overly large delimiters — if an {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\underbrace}} or a similar command appears between the delimiters. == Matrices and arrays == A basic matrix may be created using the {{LaTeX/Environment|matrix}} environment{{efn|name="amsmath"}}: in common with other table-like structures, entries are specified by row, with columns separated using an ampersand ({{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=&}}) and new rows separated with a double backslash ({{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\\}}) {{LaTeX/Example|code= \[ \begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{matrix} \] |render=<math> \begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{matrix} </math> }} To specify alignment of columns in the table, use starred version{{efn|name="mathtools"}}: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{matrix} -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix} = \begin{matrix*}[r] -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix*} |render= <math> \begin{matrix} -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix} = \begin{matrix} -1 & \,\;\;3 \\ \,\;\;2 & -4 \end{matrix} </math> }} The alignment by default is {{LaTeX/Parameter|c}}, but it can be any column type valid in {{LaTeX/Environment|array}} environment. However matrices are usually enclosed in delimiters of some kind, and while it is possible to use the [[#Automatic sizing|<code>\left</code> and <code>\right</code> commands]], there are various other predefined environments which automatically include delimiters: {|class="wikitable" ! Environment name ! Surrounding delimiter ! Notes |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|pmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>( \, ) </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|pmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>( \, ) </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|bmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>[ \, ] </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|bmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>[ \, ] </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Bmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>\{ \, \} </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Bmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>\{ \, \} </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|vmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>| \, | </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|vmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>| \, | </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Vmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>\| \, \| </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Vmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>\| \, \| </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |} When writing down arbitrary sized matrices, it is common to use horizontal, vertical and diagonal triplets of dots (known as [[w:ellipsis|ellipses]]) to fill in certain columns and rows. These can be specified using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\vdots}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ddots}} respectively: {{LaTeX/Example|code= A_{m,n} = \begin{pmatrix} a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\ a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n} \end{pmatrix} |render=<math> A_{m,n} = \begin{pmatrix} a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\ a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n} \end{pmatrix} </math> }} In some cases, you may want to have finer control of the alignment within each column, or to insert lines between columns or rows. This can be achieved using the {{LaTeX/Environment|array}} environment, which is essentially a math-mode version of the [[../Tables#The tabular environment|<code>tabular</code> environment]], which requires that the columns be pre-specified: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{array}{c{{!}}c} 1 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 4 \end{array} |render=<math> \begin{array}{c|c} 1 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 4 \end{array} </math> }} You may see that the AMS matrix class of environments doesn't leave enough space when used together with fractions resulting in output similar to this: <math> M = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0\\ \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6}\\ 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} \end{bmatrix} </math> To counteract this problem, add additional leading space with the optional parameter to the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\\}} command: {{LaTeX/Example|code= M = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0 \\[0.3em] \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6} \\[0.3em] 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} \end{bmatrix} |render=<math> M = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0 \\[0.3em] \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6} \\[0.3em] 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} \end{bmatrix}</math> }} If you need "border" or "indexes" on your matrix, plain TeX provides the macro {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\bordermatrix}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= M = \bordermatrix{~ & x & y \cr A & 1 & 0 \cr B & 0 & 1 \cr} |render=[[Image:bordermatrix.png|150px]] }} === Matrices in running text === To insert a small matrix without increasing leading in the line containing it, use {{LaTeX/Environment|smallmatrix}} environment: {{LaTeX/Example|code= A matrix in text must be set smaller: $\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)$ to not increase leading in a portion of text. |render=[[Image:LaTeX-smallmatrix.png]] }} == Adding text to equations == The math environment differs from the text environment in the representation of text. Here is an example of trying to represent text within the math environment: {{LaTeX/Example|code= 50 apples \times 100 apples = lots of apples^2 |render=<math> 50 apples \times 100 apples = lots of apples^2 \,</math> }} There are two noticeable problems: there are no spaces between words or numbers, and the letters are italicized and more spaced out than normal. Both issues are simply artifacts of the maths mode, in that it treats it as a mathematical expression: spaces are ignored (LaTeX spaces mathematics according to its own rules), and each character is a separate element (so are not positioned as closely as normal text). There are a number of ways that text can be added properly. The typical way is to wrap the text with the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\text{...}<!---->}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}} (a similar command is {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mbox{...}<!---->}}, though this causes problems with subscripts, and has a less descriptive name). Let's see what happens when the above equation code is adapted: {{LaTeX/Example|code= 50 \text{apples} \times 100 \text{apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 |render= <math> 50 \text{apples} \times 100 \text{apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 \,</math> }} The text looks better. However, there are no gaps between the numbers and the words. Unfortunately, you are required to explicitly add these. There are many ways to add spaces between math elements, but for the sake of simplicity we may simply insert space characters into the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\text}} commands. {{LaTeX/Example|code= 50 \text{ apples} \times 100 \text{ apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 |render= <math> 50 \text{ apples} \times 100 \text{ apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 \,</math> }} == Formatting mathematics symbols == :''See also: [[w:Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols]], [[w:Help:Displaying a formula#Alphabets and typefaces]] and [[w:Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols#Fonts]]'' We can now format text; what about formatting mathematical expressions? There are a set of formatting commands very similar to the font formatting ones just used, except that they are specifically aimed at text in math mode (requires {{LaTeX/Package|amsfonts}}) {|class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" ! width="15%"|LaTeX command ! width="35%"|Sample ! Description ! Common use |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathnormal{…} }}<br/><small>(or simply omit any command)</small> | <math>ABCDEF~abcdef~123456\,</math> | The default math font | Most mathematical notation |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathrm{…} }} | <math>\mathrm{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | This is the default or normal font, unitalicised | Units of measurement, one word functions |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathit{…} }} | <math>\mathit{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | Italicised font | Multi-letter function or variable names. Compared to <code>\mathnormal</code>, words are spaced more naturally and numbers are italicized as well. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathbf{…} }} | <math>\mathbf{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | Bold font | Vectors |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathsf{…} }} | <math>\mathsf{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | [[w:sans-serif|Sans-serif]] | Categories |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathtt{…} }} | <math>\mathtt{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | [[w:Monospace font|Monospace (fixed-width) font]] | |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathfrak{…} }}<br/><small>(requires the {{LaTeX/Package|amsfonts}} or {{LaTeX/Package|amssymb}} package{{efn|name="mathalfa"}})</small> | <math>\mathfrak{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | [[w:Fraktur (script)|Fraktur]] | Almost canonical font for Lie algebras, [[w:Ideal (ring theory)|ideals]] in ring theory |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathcal{…} }} | <math>\mathcal{ABCDEF}\,</math> | Calligraphy (uppercase only{{efn|name="mathalfa"}}) | Often used for sheaves/schemes and categories, used to denote [[w:en:Cryptography|cryptological]] concepts like an ''alphabet of definition'' (<math>\mathcal{A}</math>), ''message space'' (<math>\mathcal{M}</math>), ''ciphertext space'' (<math>\mathcal{C}</math>) and ''[[w:key space|key space]]'' (<math>\mathcal{K}</math>); [[w:Kleene's O|Kleene's <math>\mathcal{O}</math>]]; [[w:Description logic#Naming Convention|naming convention in description logic]]; [[w:Laplace transform|Laplace transform]] (<math>\mathcal{L}</math>) and [[w:Fourier transform|Fourier transform]] (<math>\mathcal{F}</math>) |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathbb{…} }}<br/><small>(requires the {{LaTeX/Package|amsfonts}} or {{LaTeX/Package|amssymb}} package{{efn|name="mathalfa"}})</small> | <math>\mathbb{ABCDEF}\,</math> | [[w:Blackboard bold|Blackboard bold]] (uppercase only{{efn|name="mathalfa"}}) | Used to denote special sets (e.g. real numbers) |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathscr{…} }}<br/><small>(requires the {{LaTeX/Package|mathrsfs}} package{{efn|name="mathalfa"}})</small> | [[File:Mathscr (A-F).png]] | [[w:Script (typefaces)|Script]] (uppercase only{{efn|name="mathalfa"}}) | An alternative font for categories and sheaves. |} These formatting commands can be wrapped around the entire equation, and not just on the textual elements: they only format letters, numbers, and uppercase Greek, and other math commands are unaffected. To bold lowercase Greek or other symbols use the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\boldsymbol}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}}; this will only work if there exists a bold version of the symbol in the current font. As a last resort there is the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\pmb}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}} (poor man's bold): this prints multiple versions of the character slightly offset against each other. {{LaTeX/Example|code= \boldsymbol{\beta} = (\beta_1,\beta_2,\dotsc,\beta_n) |render= <math> \boldsymbol{\beta} = (\beta_1,\beta_2,\dotsc,\beta_n) \,</math> }} To change the size of the fonts in math mode, see [[../Advanced Mathematics#Changing font size|Changing font size]]. === Accents === So what to do when you run out of symbols and fonts? Well, the next step is to use accents: {| | <code>a'</code> or <code>a^{\prime}</code> ||width="15%"| <math>a'\,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code><nowiki>a''</nowiki></code> || <math>a''\,</math> |- | <code>\hat{a}</code> || <math>\hat{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\bar{a}</code> || <math>\bar{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\grave{a}</code> || <math>\grave{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\acute{a}</code> || <math>\acute{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\dot{a}</code> || <math>\dot{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\ddot{a}</code> || <math>\ddot{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\not{a}</code> || <math>\not{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\mathring{a}</code> || å |- | <code>\overrightarrow{AB}</code> || <math>\overrightarrow{AB} \,</math> | <code>\overleftarrow{AB}</code> || <math>\overleftarrow{AB} \,</math> |- | <code><nowiki>a'''</nowiki></code> || <math>a'''\,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code><nowiki>a''''</nowiki></code> || <math>a''''\,</math> |- | <code>\overline{aaa}</code> || <math>\overline{aaa} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\check{a}</code> || <math>\check{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\breve{a}</code> || <math>\breve{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\vec{a}</code> || <math>\vec{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\dddot{a}</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\ddddot{a}</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || |- | <code>\widehat{AAA}</code> || <math>\widehat{AAA} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\widetilde{AAA}</code> || <math>\widetilde{AAA}</math> |- | <code>\stackrel\frown{AAA}</code> || <math>\stackrel\frown{AAA}</math> |- | <code>\tilde{a}</code> || <math>\tilde{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\underline{a}</code> || <math>\underline{a} \,</math> |} == Color == The package {{LaTeX/Package|xcolor}}, described in [[../Colors#Adding_the_color_package|Colors]], allows us to add color to our equations. For example, {{LaTeX/Example|code= k = {\color{red}x} \mathbin{\color{blue}-} 2 |render=<math> k = {\color{red}x} \mathbin{\color{blue}-} 2 </math> }} The only problem is that this disrupts the default {{LaTeX}} formatting around the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=-}} operator. To fix this, we enclose it in a {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathbin}} environment, since {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=-}} is a binary operator. This process is described [http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/21598/how-to-color-math-symbols here]. ==Plus and minus signs== LaTeX deals with the + and − signs in two possible ways. The most common is as a binary operator. When two maths elements appear on either side of the sign, it is assumed to be a binary operator, and as such, allocates some space to either side of the sign. The alternative way is a sign designation. This is when you state whether a mathematical quantity is either positive or negative. This is common for the latter, as in math, such elements are assumed to be positive unless a − is prefixed to it. In this instance, you want the sign to appear close to the appropriate element to show their association. If you put a + or a − with nothing before it but you want it to be handled like a binary operator you can add an ''invisible'' character before the operator using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code={}<!---->}}. This can be useful if you are writing multiple-line formulas, and a new line could start with a − or +, for example, then you can fix some strange alignments adding the invisible character where necessary. A plus-minus sign is written as: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \pm |render=<math> \pm </math> }} Similarly, there exists also a minus-plus sign: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \mp |render=<math> \mp </math> }} == Controlling horizontal spacing == LaTeX is obviously pretty good at typesetting maths—it was one of the chief aims of the core TeX system that LaTeX extends. However, it can't always be relied upon to accurately interpret formulas in the way you did. It has to make certain assumptions when there are ambiguous expressions. The result tends to be slightly incorrect horizontal spacing. In these events, the output is still satisfactory, yet any perfectionists will no doubt wish to ''fine-tune'' their formulas to ensure spacing is correct. These are generally very subtle adjustments. There are other occasions where LaTeX has done its job correctly, but you just want to add some space, maybe to add a comment of some kind. For example, in the following equation, it is preferable to ensure there is a decent amount of space between the maths and the text. {{LaTeX/Example|code= \[ f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\ -(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd} \end{cases} \] |render= <math> f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\ -(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd} \end{cases} </math> }} This code produces errors with Miktex 2.9 and does not yield the results seen on the right. Use \mathrm instead of just \text. (Note that this particular example can be expressed in more elegant code by the {{LaTeX/Environment|cases}} construct provided by the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package described in [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#The_cases_environment|Advanced Mathematics]] chapter.) LaTeX has defined two commands that can be used anywhere in documents (not just maths) to insert some horizontal space. They are {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\qquad}} A {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} is a space equal to the current font size. So, if you are using an 11pt font, then the space provided by {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} will also be 11pt (horizontally, of course.) The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\qquad}} gives twice that amount. As you can see from the code from the above example, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}}s were used to add some separation between the maths and the text. OK, so back to the fine tuning as mentioned at the beginning of the document. A good example would be displaying the simple equation for the indefinite integral of ''y'' with respect to ''x'': <math>\int y\, \mathrm{d}x</math> If you were to try this, you may write: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y \mathrm{d}x</math> }} However, this doesn't give the correct result. LaTeX doesn't respect the white-space left in the code to signify that the ''y'' and the d''x'' are independent entities. Instead, it lumps them altogether. A {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} would clearly be overkill in this situation—what is needed are some small spaces to be utilized in this type of instance, and that's what LaTeX provides: {| class="wikitable" ! Command ! Description ! Size |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\,}} | small space | 3/18 of a quad |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\:}} | medium space | 4/18 of a quad |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\;}} | large space | 5/18 of a quad |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\!}} | negative space | -3/18 of a quad |} NB you can use more than one command in a sequence to achieve a greater space if necessary. So, to rectify the current problem: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y\, \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y\, \mathrm{d}x</math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y\: \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y\;\;\!\! \mathrm{d}x</math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y\; \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y\; \mathrm{d}x</math> }} The negative space may seem like an odd thing to use, however, it wouldn't be there if it didn't have ''some'' use! Take the following example: {{LaTeX/Example|code=\partial\frac{x-y}z|render=<math>\partial\frac{x-y}z</math>}} X and Y are like rotations.{{LaTeX/Example|code= \left( \begin{array}{c} n \\ r \end{array} \right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} |render= <math>\left( \begin{matrix} n \\ r \end{matrix} \right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}</math> }} The matrix-like expression for representing binomial coefficients is too padded. There is too much space between the brackets and the actual contents within. This can easily be corrected by adding a few negative spaces after the left bracket and before the right bracket. {{LaTeX/Example|code=\Re|render=<math>\Re</math>}}{{LaTeX/Example|code= \left(\! \begin{array}{c} n \\ r \end{array} \!\right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} |render= <math>\left(\! \begin{matrix} n \\ r \end{matrix} \!\right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} </math> }} In any case, adding some spaces manually should be avoided whenever possible: it makes the source code more complex and it's against the basic principles of a What You See is What You Mean approach. The best thing to do is to define some commands using all the spaces you want and then, when you use your command, you don't have to add any other space. Later, if you change your mind about the length of the horizontal space, you can easily change it modifying only the command you defined before. Let us use an example: you want the ''d'' of a ''dx'' in an integral to be in roman font and a small space away from the rest. If you want to type an integral like {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int x \, \mathrm{d} x}}, you can define a command like this: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \newcommand{\dd}{\mathop{}\,\mathrm{d}<!---->} }} in the preamble of your document. We have chosen {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dd}} just because it reminds the "d" it replaces and it is fast to type. Doing so, the code for your integral becomes {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int x \dd x}}. Now, whenever you write an integral, you just have to use the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dd}} instead of the "d", and all your integrals will have the same style. If you change your mind, you just have to change the definition in the preamble, and all your integrals will be changed accordingly. == Manually Specifying Formula Style == To manually display a fragment of a formula using text style, surround the fragment with curly braces and prefix the fragment with {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\textstyle}}. The braces are required because the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\textstyle}} macro changes the state of the renderer, rendering all subsequent mathematics in text style. The braces limit this change of state to just the fragment enclosed within. For example, to use text style for just the summation symbol in a sum, one would enter {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \begin{equation} C^i_j = {\textstyle \sum_k} A^i_k B^k_j \end{equation} }} The same thing as a command would look like this: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \newcommand{\tsum}[1]{{\textstyle \sum_{#1}}} }} Note the extra braces. Just one set around the expression won't be enough. That would cause all math after {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\tsum k}} to be displayed using text style. To display part of a formula using display style, do the same thing, but use {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\displaystyle}} instead. ==Advanced Mathematics: AMS Math package== The AMS ([[Wikipedia:American Mathematical Society|American Mathematical Society]]) mathematics package is a powerful package that creates a higher layer of abstraction over mathematical LaTeX language; if you use it it will make your life easier. Some commands {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} introduces will make other plain LaTeX commands obsolete: in order to keep consistency in the final output you'd better use {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} commands whenever possible. If you do so, you will get an elegant output without worrying about alignment and other details, keeping your source code readable. If you want to use it, you have to add this in the preamble: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \usepackage{amsmath} }} ===Introducing dots in formulas=== {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} defines also the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dots}} command, that is a generalization of the existing {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}}. You can use {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dots}} in both text and math mode and LaTeX will replace it with three dots "…" but it will decide according to the context whether to put it on the bottom (like {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}}) or centered (like {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}}). ===Dots=== LaTeX gives you several commands to insert dots (ellipses) in your formulae. This can be particularly useful if you have to type big matrices omitting elements. First of all, here are the main dots-related commands LaTeX provides: {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output !! Comment |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dots}} || <math>\dots</math> || generic dots (ellipsis), to be used in text (outside formulae as well). It automatically manages whitespaces before and after itself according to the context, it's a higher level command. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}}|| <math>\ldots</math> || the output is similar to the previous one, but there is no automatic whitespace management; it works at a lower level. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}} || <math>\cdots</math> || These dots are centered relative to the height of a letter. There is also the binary multiplication operator, <code>\cdot</code>, mentioned below. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\vdots}} || <math>\vdots</math> || vertical dots |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ddots}} || <math>\ddots</math> || diagonal dots |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\iddots}} || || inverse diagonal dots (requires the {{LaTeX/Package|mathdots}} package) |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\hdotsfor{n}<!---->}} || <math>\ldots \ldots</math>|| to be used in matrices, it creates a row of dots spanning ''n'' columns. |} Instead of using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}}, you should use the semantically oriented commands. It makes it possible to adapt your document to different conventions on the fly, in case (for example) you have to submit it to a publisher who insists on following house tradition in this respect. The default treatment for the various kinds follows American Mathematical Society conventions. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output !! Comment |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1,A_2,\dotsc,}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsc.png]] || for "dots with commas" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1+\dotsb+A_N}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsb.png]] || for "dots with binary operators/relations" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1 \dotsm A_N}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsm.png]] || for "multiplication dots" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int_a^b \dotsi}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsi.png]] || for "dots with integrals" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1\dotso A_N}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotso.png]] || for "other dots" (none of the above) |} ===Write an equation with the align environment=== How to write an equation with the align environment with the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package is described in [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#align_and_align.2A|Advanced Mathematics]]. ==List of mathematical symbols== All the pre-defined mathematical symbols from the \TeX\ package are listed below. More symbols are available from extra packages. {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Relation Symbols |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="11"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="10"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="10"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="10"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math><\,</math>||<code><</code> | <math>>\,</math>||<code>></code> | <math>=\,</math>||<code>=</code> | <math>\parallel\,</math>||<code>\parallel</code> | <math>\nparallel\,</math>||<code>\nparallel</code> |- | <math>\leq\,</math>||<code>\leq</code> | <math>\geq\,</math>||<code>\geq</code> | <math>\doteq\,</math>||<code>\doteq</code> | <math>\asymp\,</math>||<code>\asymp</code> | <math>\bowtie\,</math>||<code>\bowtie</code> |- | <math>\ll\,</math>||<code>\ll</code> | <math>\gg\,</math>||<code>\gg</code> | <math>\equiv\,</math>||<code>\equiv</code> | <math>\vdash\,</math>||<code>\vdash</code> | <math>\dashv\,</math>||<code>\dashv</code> |- | <math>\subset\,</math>||<code>\subset</code> | <math>\supset\,</math>||<code>\supset</code> | <math>\approx\,</math>||<code>\approx</code> | <math>\in\,</math>||<code>\in</code> | <math>\ni\,</math>||<code>\ni</code> |- | <math>\subseteq\,</math>||<code>\subseteq</code> | <math>\supseteq\,</math>||<code>\supseteq</code> | <math>\cong\,</math>||<code>\cong</code> | <math>\smile\,</math>||<code>\smile</code> | <math>\frown\,</math>||<code>\frown</code> |- | <math>\nsubseteq\,</math>||<code>\nsubseteq</code> | <math>\nsupseteq\,</math>||<code>\nsupseteq</code> | <math>\simeq\,</math>||<code>\simeq</code> | <math>\models\,</math>||<code>\models</code> | <math>\notin\,</math>||<code>\notin</code> |- | <math>\sqsubset\,</math>||<code>\sqsubset</code> | <math>\sqsupset\,</math>||<code>\sqsupset</code> | <math>\sim\,</math>||<code>\sim</code> | <math>\perp\,</math>||<code>\perp</code> | <math>\mid\,</math>||<code>\mid</code> |- | <math>\sqsubseteq\,</math>||<code>\sqsubseteq</code> | <math>\sqsupseteq\,</math>||<code>\sqsupseteq</code> | <math>\propto\,</math>||<code>\propto</code> | <math>\prec\,</math>||<code>\prec</code> | <math>\succ\,</math>||<code>\succ</code> |- | <math>\preceq\,</math>||<code>\preceq</code> | <math>\succeq\,</math>||<code>\succeq</code> | <math>\neq\,</math>||<code>\neq</code> | <math>\sphericalangle\,</math>||<code>\sphericalangle</code> | <math>\measuredangle\,</math>||<code>\measuredangle</code> |- | <math>\therefore\,</math>||<code>\therefore</code> | <math>\because\,</math>||<code>\because</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Binary Operations |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="9"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="9"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="9"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\pm\,</math> || <code>\pm</code> | <math>\cap\,</math> || <code>\cap</code> | <math>\diamond\,</math> || <code>\diamond</code> | <math>\oplus\,</math> || <code>\oplus</code> |- | <math>\mp\,</math> || <code>\mp</code> | <math>\cup\,</math> || <code>\cup</code> | <math>\bigtriangleup\,</math> || <code>\bigtriangleup</code> | <math>\ominus\,</math> || <code>\ominus</code> |- | <math>\times\,</math> || <code>\times</code> | <math>\uplus\,</math> || <code>\uplus</code> | <math>\bigtriangledown\,</math> || <code>\bigtriangledown</code> | <math>\otimes\,</math> || <code>\otimes</code> |- | <math>\div\,</math> || <code>\div</code> | <math>\sqcap\,</math> || <code>\sqcap</code> | <math>\triangleleft\,</math> || <code>\triangleleft</code> | <math>\oslash\,</math> || <code>\oslash</code> |- | <math>\ast\,</math> || <code>\ast</code> | <math>\sqcup\,</math> || <code>\sqcup</code> | <math>\triangleright\,</math> || <code>\triangleright</code> | <math>\odot\,</math> || <code>\odot</code> |- | <math>\star\,</math> || <code>\star</code> | <math>\vee\,</math> || <code>\vee</code> | <math>\bigcirc\,</math> || <code>\bigcirc</code> | <math>\circ\,</math> || <code>\circ</code> |- | <math>\dagger\,</math> || <code>\dagger</code> | <math>\wedge\,</math> || <code>\wedge</code> | <math>\bullet\,</math> || <code>\bullet</code> | <math>\setminus\,</math> || <code>\setminus</code> |- | <math>\ddagger\,</math> || <code>\ddagger</code> | <math>\cdot\,</math> || <code>\cdot</code> | <math>\wr\,</math> || <code>\wr</code> | <math>\amalg\,</math> || <code>\amalg</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Set and/or Logic Notation |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script | rowspan="16" | &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\exists\,</math> || <code>\exists</code> | <math>\rightarrow\,</math> || <code>\rightarrow</code> or <code>\to</code> |- | <math>\nexists\,</math> || <code>\nexists</code> | <math>\leftarrow\,</math> || <code>\leftarrow</code> or <code>\gets</code> |- | <math>\forall\,</math> || <code>\forall</code> | <math>\mapsto\,</math> || <code>\mapsto</code> |- | <math>\neg\,</math> || <code>\neg</code> | <math>\implies\,</math> || <code>\implies</code> |- |<math>\cap</math> |<code>\cap</code> | | |- |<math>\cup</math> |<code>\cup</code> | | |- | <math>\subset\,</math>|| <code>\subset</code> |⟸ |<code>\impliedby</code> |- | <math>\supset\,</math>|| <code>\supset</code> |<math>\Rightarrow\,</math>||<code>\Rightarrow</code> or <code>\implies</code> |- | <math>\in</math>||<code>\in</code> |<math>\leftrightarrow\,</math>||<code>\leftrightarrow</code> |- | <math>\notin\,</math>|| <code>\notin</code> |<math>\iff\,</math>||<code>\iff</code> |- | <math>\ni\,</math>|| <code>\ni</code> |<math>\Leftrightarrow\,</math>||<code>\Leftrightarrow</code> (preferred for equivalence (iff)) |- | <math>\land\,</math>|| <code>\land</code> |<math>\top\,</math>||<code>\top</code> |- | <math>\lor\,</math>|| <code>\lor</code> |<math>\bot\,</math>||<code>\bot</code> |- | <math>\angle\,</math> || <code>\angle</code> |<math>\emptyset\,</math> and <math>\varnothing\,</math>||<code>\emptyset</code> and <code>\varnothing</code>{{ref|symbolpackage}} |- | | |<math>\rightleftharpoons\,</math> |<code>\rightleftharpoons</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Delimiters |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>|\,</math> || <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code> or <code>\mid</code> (difference in spacing) | <math>\|\,</math> || <code>\<nowiki>|</nowiki></code> | <math>/\,</math> || <code>/</code> | <math>\backslash\,</math> || <code>\backslash</code> |- | <math>\{\,</math> || <code>\{</code> | <math>\}\,</math> || <code>\}</code> | <math>\langle\,</math> || <code>\langle</code> | <math>\rangle\,</math> || <code>\rangle</code> |- | <math>\uparrow\,</math> || <code>\uparrow</code> | <math>\Uparrow\,</math> || <code>\Uparrow</code> | <math>\lceil\,</math> || <code>\lceil</code> | <math>\rceil\,</math> || <code>\rceil</code> |- | <math>\downarrow\,</math> || <code>\downarrow</code> | <math>\Downarrow\,</math> || <code>\Downarrow</code> | <math>\lfloor\,</math> || <code>\lfloor</code> | <math>\rfloor\,</math> || <code>\rfloor</code> |} Note: To use the Greek Letters in LaTeX that have the same appearance in the Latin alphabet, just use Latin: e.g., A instead of Alpha, B instead of Beta, etc. {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Greek Letters |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="13"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\Alpha\,</math> and <math>\alpha\,</math>|| <code>A</code> and <code>\alpha</code> | <math>\Nu\,</math> and <math>\nu\,</math>|| <code>N</code> and <code>\nu</code> |- | <math>\Beta\,</math> and <math>\beta\,</math>|| <code>B</code> and <code>\beta</code> | <math>\Xi\,</math> and <math>\xi\,</math>|| <code>\Xi</code> and <code>\xi</code> |- | <math>\Gamma\,</math> and <math>\gamma\,</math>|| <code>\Gamma</code> and <code>\gamma</code> | <math>\Omicron\,</math> and <math>\omicron\,</math>|| <code>O</code> and <code>o</code> |- | <math>\Delta\,</math> and <math>\delta\,</math>|| <code>\Delta</code> and <code>\delta</code> | <math>\Pi\,</math>, <math>\pi\,</math> and <math>\varpi</math>|| <code>\Pi</code>, <code>\pi</code> and <code>\varpi</code> |- | <math>\Epsilon\,</math>, <math>\epsilon\,</math> and <math>\varepsilon\,</math>|| <code>E</code>, <code>\epsilon</code> and <code>\varepsilon</code> | <math>\Rho\,</math>, <math>\rho\,</math> and <math>\varrho\,</math>|| <code>P</code>, <code>\rho</code> and <code>\varrho</code> |- | <math>\Zeta\,</math> and <math>\zeta\,</math>|| <code>Z</code> and <code>\zeta</code> | <math>\Sigma\,</math>, <math>\sigma\,</math> and <math>\varsigma\,</math>|| <code>\Sigma</code>, <code>\sigma</code> and <code>\varsigma</code> |- | <math>\Eta\,</math> and <math>\eta\,</math>|| <code>H</code> and <code>\eta</code> | <math>\Tau\,</math> and <math>\tau\,</math>|| <code>T</code> and <code>\tau</code> |- | <math>\Theta\,</math>, <math>\theta\,</math> and <math>\vartheta\,</math>|| <code>\Theta</code>, <code>\theta</code> and <code>\vartheta</code> | <math>\mbox{Y}\,</math>, <math>\Upsilon\,</math> and <math>\upsilon\,</math>|| <code>Y</code>, <code>\Upsilon</code> and <code>\upsilon</code> |- | <math>\Iota\,</math> and <math>\iota\,</math>|| <code>I</code> and <code>\iota</code> | <math>\Phi\,</math>, <math>\phi\,</math>, and <math>\varphi\,</math>|| <code>\Phi</code>, <code>\phi</code> and <code>\varphi</code> |- | <math>\Kappa\,</math>, <math>\kappa\,</math> and <math>\varkappa\,</math> || <code>K</code>, <code>\kappa</code> and <code>\varkappa</code> | <math>\Chi\,</math> and <math>\chi\,</math>|| <code>X</code> and <code>\chi</code> |- | <math>\Lambda\,</math> and <math>\lambda\,</math>|| <code>\Lambda</code> and <code>\lambda</code> | <math>\Psi\,</math> and <math>\psi\,</math>|| <code>\Psi</code> and <code>\psi</code> |- | <math>\Mu\,</math> and <math>\mu\,</math>|| <code>M</code> and <code>\mu</code> | <math>\Omega\,</math> and <math>\omega\,</math>|| <code>\Omega</code> and <code>\omega</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Other symbols |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\partial\,</math> || <code>\partial</code> | <math>\imath\,</math> || <code>\imath</code> | <math>\Re\,</math> || <code>\Re</code> | <math>\nabla\,</math> || <code>\nabla</code> | <math>\aleph\,</math> || <code>\aleph</code> |- | <math>\eth\,</math> || <code>\eth</code> | <math>\jmath\,</math> || <code>\jmath</code> | <math>\Im\,</math> || <code>\Im</code> | <math>\Box\,</math> || <code>\Box</code> | <math>\beth\,</math> || <code>\beth</code> |- | <math>\hbar\,</math> || <code>\hbar</code> | <math>\ell\,</math> || <code>\ell</code> | <math>\wp\,</math> || <code>\wp</code> | <math>\infty\,</math> || <code>\infty</code> | <math>\gimel\,</math> || <code>\gimel</code> |} {{note|symbolpackage}}Not predefined in LATEX 2. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+Trigonometric Functions |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\sin\,</math> || <code>\sin</code> | <math>\arcsin\,</math> || <code>\arcsin</code> | <math>\sinh\,</math> || <code>\sinh</code> | <math>\sec\,</math> || <code>\sec</code> |- | <math>\cos\,</math> || <code>\cos</code> | <math>\arccos\,</math> || <code>\arccos</code> | <math>\cosh\,</math> || <code>\cosh</code> | <math>\csc\,</math> || <code>\csc</code> |- | <math>\tan\,</math> || <code>\tan</code> | <math>\arctan\,</math> || <code>\arctan</code> | <math>\tanh\,</math> || <code>\tanh</code> | || |- | <math>\cot\,</math> || <code>\cot</code> | <math>\arccot\,</math> || <code>\arccot</code> | <math>\coth\,</math> || <code>\coth</code> | || |} If LaTeX does not include a command for the mathematical operator you want to use, for example <code>\cis</code> (<strong>c</strong>osine plus <strong>i</strong> times <strong>s</strong>ine), add to your preamble: \DeclareMathOperator\cis{cis} You can then use <code>\cis</code> in the document just like <code>\cos</code> or any other mathematical operator. <!-- Sections remaining: Table 3 onwards from symbols.pdf --> {{clear}} == Summary == As you begin to see, typesetting math can be tricky at times. However, because LaTeX provides so much control, you can get professional quality mathematics typesetting with relatively little effort (once you've had a bit of practice, of course!). It is possible to elaborate further on the nitty-gritty of mathematics because the possibilities seem endless. However, with this tutorial, you should be able to get along with it sufficiently. {{TODO| * introduce symbols from [http://www.andy-roberts.net/res/writing/latex/symbols.pdf] * add symbols from [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wasysym/wasysym.pdf] * consider adding symbols from [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf] -- the list of nearly all symbols available for LaTeX * Consider, instead of using the symbols from the above mentioned, using what has already been introduced in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_markup] instead of retyping the tables * How to box an equation within an align environment * Color in equations }} == References == {{reflist}} == Notes == {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name="amsmath"|requires the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package}} {{efn|name="mathtools"|requires the {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} package}} {{efn|name="mathalfa"|1=The {{LaTeX/Package|mathalpha}} package allows for specifying a broader variety of fonts to be used in the <code>\mathfrak{}</code>, <code>\mathbb{}</code>, <code>\mathcal{}</code> and <code>\mathscr{}</code> commands. For example, the command <code>\usepackage[bb=pazo]{mathalpha}</code> makes it so <code>\mathbb{}</code> uses the "pazo" font. {{LaTeX/Package|mathalpha}}'s [http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/mathalpha/doc/mathalpha-doc.pdf documentation] gives a comparison of the different font options; some have lowercase letters, Greek letters or numerals where the default does not.}} }} ==Further reading== * [[meta:Help:Displaying a formula]]: Wikimedia uses a subset of LaTeX commands. ==External links== * [http://detexify.kirelabs.org detexify]: applet for looking up LaTeX symbols by drawing them * [http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/amsmath/amsmath.pdf <code>amsmath</code> documentation] * [http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/wiki/LaTeX LaTeX - The Student Room] * [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List] * [https://mathvault.ca/wp-content/uploads/Comprehensive-List-of-Mathematical-Symbols.pdf Comprehensive List of Mathematical Symbols] <noinclude> == Examples == <math>\Re</math>=\Re <math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>=\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots }^{5050}{{LaTeX/Bottom|Rules and Struts|Advanced Mathematics}} </noinclude> == Templates == LaTeX/Example LaTeX/LaTeX {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=ABC}} {{LaTeX/Example|code=ABC…|render=ABC…}} == Pit == <math id="https://en.wikipedia.org/partial">\partial</math> [[pl:LaTeX/Matematyka]] 5wdmkl6nxeu0o72n3t4acfgfw9wp5xg 4641016 4640996 2026-06-23T17:04:27Z Mazbel 911334 [[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-36463-89|~2026-36463-89]] ([[User talk:~2026-36463-89|talk]]) to last version by ~2026-29958-14 4636377 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{LaTeX/Top}} </noinclude> One of the greatest motivating forces for Donald Knuth when he began developing the original TeX system was to create something that allowed simple construction of mathematical formulas, while looking professional when printed. The fact that he succeeded was most probably why TeX (and later on, LaTeX) became so popular within the scientific community. Typesetting mathematics is one of LaTeX's greatest strengths. It is also a large topic due to the existence of so much mathematical notation. If your document requires only a few simple mathematical formulas, plain LaTeX has most of the tools that you will ever need. If you are writing a scientific document that contains numerous complex formulas, the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package<ref>http://www.ams.org/publications/authors/tex/amslatex</ref> introduces several new commands that are more powerful and flexible than the ones provided by basic LaTeX. The {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} package fixes some {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} quirks and adds some useful settings, symbols, and environments to amsmath.<ref>http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mathtools/mathtools.pdf</ref> To use either package, include: <syntaxhighlight lang="latex"> \usepackage{amsmath} </syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="latex"> \usepackage{mathtools} </syntaxhighlight> in the preamble of the document. The {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} package loads the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package and hence there is no need to <code>\usepackage{amsmath}</code> in the preamble if {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} is used. == Mathematics environments == LaTeX needs to know when the text is mathematical. This is because LaTeX typesets math notation differently from normal text. Therefore, special environments have been declared for this purpose. They can be distinguished into two categories depending on how they are presented: * ''text'' &mdash; text formulas are displayed inline, that is, within the body of text where it is declared, for example, I can say that <math>a+a=2a</math> within this sentence. * ''displayed'' &mdash; displayed formulas are on a line by themselves. As math requires special environments, there are naturally the appropriate environment names you can use in the standard way. Unlike most other environments, however, there are some handy shorthands for declaring your formulas. The following table summarizes them: {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" !width="15%"|Type !Inline (within text) formulas !Displayed equations !Displayed and automatically numbered equations |- !Environment |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=math}} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=displaymath}} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=equation}} |- ! width="15%"|LaTeX shorthand |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\(...\) }} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\[...\]}} | |- !width="15%"|TeX shorthand |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$...$}} |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$$...$$ }} | |- !width="20%"|Comment | | |{{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=equation*}} (starred version) suppresses numbering, but requires amsmath |} '''Suggestion''': Using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$$...$$}} should be avoided, as it may cause problems, particularly with the AMS-LaTeX macros. Furthermore, should a problem occur, the error messages may not be helpful. The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=equation*}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=displaymath}} environments are functionally equivalent. If you are typing text normally, you are said to be in ''text mode'', but while you are typing within one of those mathematical environments, you are said to be in ''math mode'', that has some differences compared to the ''text mode'': # Most spaces and line breaks do not have any significance, as all spaces are either derived logically from the mathematical expressions or have to be specified with special commands such as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} # Empty lines are not allowed. Only one paragraph per formula. # Each letter is considered to be the name of a variable and will be typeset as such. If you want to typeset normal text within a formula (normal upright font with normal spacing), then you have to enter the text using [[#Adding text to equations|dedicated commands.]] === Inserting "Displayed" maths inside blocks of text === In order for some operators, such as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\lim}} or {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sum}}, to be displayed correctly inside some math environments (read {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$......$}}), it might be convenient to write the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\displaystyle}} class inside the environment. Doing so might cause the line to be taller, but will cause exponents and indices to be displayed correctly for some math operators. For example, the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$\sum$}} will print a smaller Σ and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=$\displaystyle \sum$}} will print a bigger one <math>\displaystyle \sum</math>, like in equations.{{efn|name="amsmath"}} It is possible to force this behaviour for all math environments by declaring {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\everymath{\displaystyle} }} in the preamble (i.e. before {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\begin{document} }}). == Symbols == Mathematics has many symbols! The following is a set of symbols that can be accessed directly from the keyboard: + - = ! / ( ) [ ] < > | ' : * Beyond those listed above, distinct commands must be issued in order to display the desired symbols. There are many examples such as Greek letters, set and relations symbols, arrows, binary operators, etc. For example: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \forall x \in X, \quad \exists y \leq \epsilon |render=<math> \forall x \in X, \quad \exists y \leq \epsilon \,</math>}} Fortunately, there's a tool that can greatly simplify the search for the command for a specific symbol. Look for "Detexify" in the [[#External links|external links]] section below. Another option would be to look in "The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List" in the [[#External links|external links]] section below. ==Greek letters== Greek letters are commonly used in mathematics, and they are very easy to type in ''math mode''. You just have to type the name of the letter after a backslash: if the first letter is lowercase, you will get a lowercase Greek letter, if the first letter is uppercase (and only the first letter), then you will get an uppercase letter. Note that some uppercase Greek letters look like Latin ones, so they are not provided by LaTeX (e.g. uppercase ''Alpha'' and ''Beta'' are just "A" and "B", respectively). Lowercase epsilon, theta, kappa, phi, pi, rho, and sigma are provided in two different versions. The alternate, or ''var''iant, version is created by adding "var" before the name of the letter: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \alpha, \Alpha, \beta, \Beta, \gamma, \Gamma, \pi, \Pi, \phi, \varphi, \mu, \Phi |render=<math>\alpha, \Alpha, \beta, \Beta, \gamma, \Gamma, \pi, \Pi, \phi, \varphi, \mu, \Phi</math>}} Scroll down to [[#List of mathematical symbols]] for a complete list of Greek symbols. == Operators == An operator is a function that is written as a word: e.g. trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan), logarithms and exponentials (log, exp), limits (lim), as well as trace and determinant (tr, det). LaTeX has many of these defined as commands: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta |render=<math>\cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta \,</math> }} For certain operators such as [[w:Limit (mathematics)|limits]], the subscript is placed underneath the operator: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \lim\limits_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0 |render=<math>\lim_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0</math>}} For the [[w:Modular arithmetic|modular operator]] there are two commands: {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\bmod}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\pmod}}: {{LaTeX/Example|code= a \bmod b |render=<math> a \, \bmod \, b \,</math>}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= x \equiv a \pmod{b} |render=<math> x \equiv a \pmod b \,</math>}} To use operators that are not pre-defined, such as [[w:argmax|argmax]], see [[../Advanced Mathematics#Custom operators|custom operators]] == Powers and indices == Powers and indices are equivalent to superscripts and subscripts in normal text mode. The caret (<code>^</code>; [[w:Caret|also known as the circumflex accent]]) character is used to raise something, and the underscore (<code>_</code>) is for lowering. If an expression containing more than one character is raised or lowered, it should be grouped using curly braces (<code>{</code> and <code>}</code>). {{LaTeX/Example|code= k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1} |render=<math> k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1} \,</math>}} For powers with more than one digit, surround the power with {}. {{LaTeX/Example|code= x^{1.01} |render=<math> x^{1.01} \,</math>}} An underscore (<code>_</code>) can be used with a vertical bar (<math> | </math>) to denote evaluation using subscript notation in mathematics: {{LaTeX/Example|code= f(n) = n^5 + 4n^2 + 2 {{!}}_{n=17} |render=<math> f(n) = n^5 + 4n^2 + 2 |_{n=17} \,</math>}} == Fractions and Binomials == A fraction is created using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\frac{numerator}{denominator}<!---->}} command (for those who need their memories refreshed, that's the ''top'' and ''bottom'' respectively!). Likewise, the [[w:Binomial coefficient|binomial coefficient]] (a.k.a, the Choose function) may be written using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\binom}} command:{{efn|name="amsmath"}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k} |render= <math> \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k} </math> }} You can embed fractions within fractions: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}<!---->}{y-z} |render= <math> \frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}}{y-z} </math> }} Note that when appearing inside another fraction, or in inline text <math>\tfrac{a}{b}</math>, a fraction is noticeably smaller than in displayed mathematics. The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\tfrac}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dfrac}} commands{{efn|name="amsmath"}} force the use of the respective styles, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\textstyle}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\displaystyle}}. Similarly, the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\tbinom}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dbinom}} commands typeset the binomial coefficient. For relatively simple fractions, especially within the text, it may be more aesthetically pleasing to use [[#Powers and indices|powers and indices]] instead: {{LaTeX/Example|code= ^3/_7 |render=<math> ^3/_7 \,</math> }} If this looks a little "loose" (i.e., overspaced), a tightened version can be defined by inserting some negative space {{LaTeX/Example|code= %running fraction with slash - requires math mode. \newcommand*\rfrac[2]{{}^{#1}\!/_{#2}} \rfrac{3}{7} |render=<math> {{}^{3}\!/_{7}} </math> }} If you use them throughout the document, usage of {{LaTeX/Package|xfrac}} package is recommended. This package provides {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sfrac}} command to create slanted fractions. Usage: {{LaTeX/Example|code= Take $\sfrac{1}{2}$ cup of sugar, \dots 3\times\sfrac{1}{2}=1\sfrac{1}{2} Take ${}^1/_2$ cup of sugar, \dots 3\times{}^1/_2=1{}^1/_2 |render=[[Image:LaTeX-xfrac-example.png|400px]]}} If fractions are used as an exponent, curly braces have to be used around the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sfrac}} command: $x^\frac{1}{2}$ % no error $x^\sfrac{1}{2}$ % error $x^{\sfrac{1}{2}}$ % no error {{LaTeX/Example|code= $x^\frac{1}{2}$ % no error |render= <math> t^\frac{1}{2} </math> }} In some cases, using the package alone will result in errors about certain font shapes not being available. In that case, the {{LaTeX/Package|lmodern}} and {{LaTeX/Package|fix-cm}} packages need to be added as well. Alternatively, the {{LaTeX/Package|nicefrac}} package provides the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\nicefrac}} command, whose usage is similar to {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sfrac}}. === Continued fractions === Continued fractions should be written using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cfrac}} command:{{efn|name="amsmath"}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{equation} x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 + \cfrac{1}{a_2 + \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4} } } } \end{equation} |render= <math> x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 + \cfrac{1}{a_2 + \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4}}}} </math> }} === Multiplication of two numbers === To make multiplication visually similar to a fraction, a nested array can be used. For example, multiplication of numbers written one below the other can be typeset as follows: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{equation} \frac{ \begin{array}[b]{r} \left( x_4.12 x_217 \right)\\ \times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right) \end{array} }{ \left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right) } \end{equation} |render= <math>\frac{ \begin{array}[b]{r} \left( x_1 x_2 \right)\\ \times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right) \end{array} }{ \left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right) } </math> }} == Roots == The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt}} command creates a square root surrounding an expression. It accepts an optional argument specified in square brackets (<code>[</code> and <code>]</code>) to change magnitude: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}<!---->} |render= <math> \sqrt{\frac{a}{b}} </math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n} |render=<math> \sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n} </math> }} Some people prefer writing the square root "closing" it over its content. This method arguably makes it more clear what is in the scope of the root sign. This habit is not normally used while writing with the computer, but if you still want to change the output of the square root, LaTeX gives you this possibility. Just add the following code in the preamble of your document: {{LaTeX/Example|code= % New definition of square root: % it renames \sqrt as \oldsqrt \let\oldsqrt\sqrt % it defines the new \sqrt in terms of the old one \def\sqrt{\mathpalette\DHLhksqrt} \def\DHLhksqrt#1#2{% \setbox0=\hbox{$#1\oldsqrt{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0 \advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0 \setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}% {\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}<!---->} |render=[[Image:Latex_new_squareroot.png|thumb|right|250px|The new style is on left, the old one on right]] }} This TeX code first renames the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt}} command as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\oldsqrt}}, then redefines {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt}} in terms of the old one, adding something more. The new square root can be seen in the picture on the left, compared to the old one on the right. Unfortunately this code won't work if you want to use multiple roots: if you try to write <math>\sqrt[b]{a}</math> as {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sqrt[b]{a}<!---->}} after you used the code above, you'll just get a wrong output. In other words, you can redefine the square root this way only if you are not going to use multiple roots in the whole document. An alternative piece of TeX code that does allow multiple roots is {{LaTeX/Example|code= \usepackage{letltxmacro} \makeatletter \let\oldr@@t\r@@t \def\r@@t#1#2{% \setbox0=\hbox{$\oldr@@t#1{#2\,}$}\dimen0=\ht0 \advance\dimen0-0.2\ht0 \setbox2=\hbox{\vrule height\ht0 depth -\dimen0}% {\box0\lower0.4pt\box2}<!---->} \LetLtxMacro{\oldsqrt}{\sqrt} \renewcommand*{\sqrt}[2][\ ]{\oldsqrt[#1]{#2} <!---->} \makeatother $\sqrt[a]{b} \quad \oldsqrt[a]{b}$ |render=[[Image:LaTeX example sqrt.png]] }} However, this requires the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\usepackage{letltxmacro}<!---->}} package. == Sums and integrals == The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\sum}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int}} commands insert the sum and integral symbols respectively, with limits specified using the caret (<code>^</code>) and underscore (<code>_</code>). The typical notation for sums is: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i |render=<math> \textstyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i \,</math> }} or {{LaTeX/Example|code= \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i |render=<math> \displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i \,</math> }} The limits for the integrals follow the same notation. It's also important to represent the integration variables with an upright <math>\mathrm{d}</math>, which in math mode is obtained through the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathrm{}|}} command, and with a small space separating it from the integrand, which is attained with the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\,}} command. {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x |render=<math> \int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x \,</math> }} There are many other "big" commands which operate in a similar manner: {| | <code>\sum</code> ||width="5%"| <math>\sum \,</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\prod</code> ||width="5%"| <math>\prod</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\coprod</code> ||width="5%"| <math>\coprod</math> |- | <code>\bigoplus</code> || <math>\bigoplus</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigotimes</code> || <math>\bigotimes</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigodot</code> || <math>\bigodot</math> |- | <code>\bigcup</code> || <math>\bigcup</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigcap</code> || <math>\bigcap</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\biguplus</code> || <math>\biguplus</math> |- | <code>\bigsqcup</code> || <math>\bigsqcup</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigvee</code> || <math>\bigvee</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\bigwedge</code> || <math>\bigwedge</math> |- | <code>\int</code> || <math>\int</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\oint</code> || <math>\oint</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\iint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\iint</math> |- | <code>\iiint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\iiint</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\iiiint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\iiiint</math> |style="padding-left:20px"| | <code>\idotsint</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || <math>\int \! \cdots \! \int</math> |} For more integral symbols, including those not included by default in the Computer Modern font, try the {{LaTeX/Package|esint}} package. The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\substack}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}} allows the use of {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\\}} to write the limits over multiple lines: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \sum_{\substack{ 0<i<m \\ 0<j<n }<!---->} P(i,j) |render=<math> \sum_{\overset{\scriptstyle 0<i<m} {\scriptstyle 0<j<n}} P(i,j) \,</math> }} If you want the limits of an integral to be specified above and below the symbol (like the sum), use the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\limits}} command: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int\limits_a^b |render=<math> \int\limits_b^c \,</math> }} However, if you want this to apply to all integrals, it is preferable to specify the {{LaTeX/Parameter|intlimits}} option when loading the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \usepackage[intlimits]{amsmath} }} Subscripts and superscripts in other contexts, as well as other parameters to {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package related to them, are described in [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#Advanced_formatting|Advanced Mathematics]] chapter. For bigger integrals, you may use personal declarations, or the {{LaTeX/Package|bigints}} package <ref name=LM> http://hdl.handle.net/2268/6219</ref>. == Brackets, braces and delimiters == <small>''How to use braces in multi line equations is described in the [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#Braces_spanning_multiple_lines|Advanced Mathematics]] chapter.''</small> The use of delimiters such as brackets soon becomes important when dealing with anything but the most trivial equations. Without them, formulas can become ambiguous. Also, special types of mathematical structures, such as matrices, typically rely on delimiters to enclose them. There are a variety of delimiters available for use in LaTeX: {{LaTeX/Example|code= ( a ), [ b ], \{ c \}, {{!}} d {{!}}, \{{!}} e \{{!}}, \langle f \rangle, \lfloor g \rfloor, \lceil h \rceil, \ulcorner i \urcorner, / j \backslash |render=<math> ( a ), [ b ], \{ c \}, | d |, \| e \|, \langle f \rangle, \lfloor g \rfloor, \lceil h \rceil, \ulcorner i \urcorner, / j \backslash </math> }} where {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\lbrack}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\rbrack}} may be used in place of [ and ]. === Automatic sizing === Very often, mathematical features will differ in size, in which case the delimiters surrounding the expression should vary accordingly. This can be done automatically using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right}}, and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\middle}} commands. Any of the previous delimiters may be used in combination with these: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \left(\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right) |render=<math> \left(\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right) \,</math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= P\left(A=2\middle{{!}}\frac{A^2}{B}>4\right) | render=[[Image:Latex_example_middle.png|150px]] }} Curly braces are defined differently by using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left\{}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right\} }}, {{LaTeX/Example|code= \left\{\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right\} |render=<math> \left\{\frac{x^2}{y^3}\right\} \,</math> }} If a delimiter on only one side of an expression is required, then an invisible delimiter on the other side may be denoted using a period (<code>.</code>). {{LaTeX/Example|code= \left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right{{!}}_0^1 |render=<math> \left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right|_0^1 \,</math> }} === Manual sizing === In certain cases, the sizing produced by the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right}} commands may not be desirable, or you may simply want finer control over the delimiter sizes. In this case, the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\big}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\Big}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\bigg}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\Bigg}} modifier commands may be used: {{LaTeX/Example|code= ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( |render=<math> ( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \,</math> }} These commands are primarily useful when dealing with nested delimiters. For example, when typesetting {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \left( k g(x) \right) |render=<math> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \left( k g(x) \right) </math> }} we notice that the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right}} commands produce the same size delimiters as those nested within it. This can be difficult to read. To fix this, we write {{LaTeX/Example|code= \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \big( k g(x) \big) |render=<math> \frac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm d x} \big( k g(x) \big) </math> }} Manual sizing can also be useful when an equation is too large, trails off the end of the page, and must be separated into two lines using an align command. Although the commands {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\left.}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\right.}} can be used to balance the delimiters on each line, this may lead to wrong delimiter sizes. Furthermore, manual sizing can be used to avoid overly large delimiters — if an {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\underbrace}} or a similar command appears between the delimiters. == Matrices and arrays == A basic matrix may be created using the {{LaTeX/Environment|matrix}} environment{{efn|name="amsmath"}}: in common with other table-like structures, entries are specified by row, with columns separated using an ampersand ({{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=&}}) and new rows separated with a double backslash ({{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\\}}) {{LaTeX/Example|code= \[ \begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{matrix} \] |render=<math> \begin{matrix} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{matrix} </math> }} To specify alignment of columns in the table, use starred version{{efn|name="mathtools"}}: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{matrix} -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix} = \begin{matrix*}[r] -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix*} |render= <math> \begin{matrix} -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix} = \begin{matrix} -1 & \,\;\;3 \\ \,\;\;2 & -4 \end{matrix} </math> }} The alignment by default is {{LaTeX/Parameter|c}}, but it can be any column type valid in {{LaTeX/Environment|array}} environment. However matrices are usually enclosed in delimiters of some kind, and while it is possible to use the [[#Automatic sizing|<code>\left</code> and <code>\right</code> commands]], there are various other predefined environments which automatically include delimiters: {|class="wikitable" ! Environment name ! Surrounding delimiter ! Notes |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|pmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>( \, ) </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|pmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>( \, ) </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|bmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>[ \, ] </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|bmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>[ \, ] </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Bmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>\{ \, \} </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Bmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>\{ \, \} </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|vmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>| \, | </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|vmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>| \, | </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Vmatrix}}{{efn|name="amsmath"}} | <math>\| \, \| </math> | centers columns by default |- | {{LaTeX/Environment|Vmatrix*}}{{efn|name="mathtools"}} | <math>\| \, \| </math> | allows to specify alignment of columns in optional parameter |} When writing down arbitrary sized matrices, it is common to use horizontal, vertical and diagonal triplets of dots (known as [[w:ellipsis|ellipses]]) to fill in certain columns and rows. These can be specified using the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}}, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\vdots}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ddots}} respectively: {{LaTeX/Example|code= A_{m,n} = \begin{pmatrix} a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\ a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n} \end{pmatrix} |render=<math> A_{m,n} = \begin{pmatrix} a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\ a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n} \end{pmatrix} </math> }} In some cases, you may want to have finer control of the alignment within each column, or to insert lines between columns or rows. This can be achieved using the {{LaTeX/Environment|array}} environment, which is essentially a math-mode version of the [[../Tables#The tabular environment|<code>tabular</code> environment]], which requires that the columns be pre-specified: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \begin{array}{c{{!}}c} 1 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 4 \end{array} |render=<math> \begin{array}{c|c} 1 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 4 \end{array} </math> }} You may see that the AMS matrix class of environments doesn't leave enough space when used together with fractions resulting in output similar to this: <math> M = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0\\ \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6}\\ 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} \end{bmatrix} </math> To counteract this problem, add additional leading space with the optional parameter to the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\\}} command: {{LaTeX/Example|code= M = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0 \\[0.3em] \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6} \\[0.3em] 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} \end{bmatrix} |render=<math> M = \begin{bmatrix} \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} & 0 \\[0.3em] \frac{5}{6} & 0 & \frac{1}{6} \\[0.3em] 0 & \frac{5}{6} & \frac{1}{6} \end{bmatrix}</math> }} If you need "border" or "indexes" on your matrix, plain TeX provides the macro {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\bordermatrix}} {{LaTeX/Example|code= M = \bordermatrix{~ & x & y \cr A & 1 & 0 \cr B & 0 & 1 \cr} |render=[[Image:bordermatrix.png|150px]] }} === Matrices in running text === To insert a small matrix without increasing leading in the line containing it, use {{LaTeX/Environment|smallmatrix}} environment: {{LaTeX/Example|code= A matrix in text must be set smaller: $\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix} a&b \\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)$ to not increase leading in a portion of text. |render=[[Image:LaTeX-smallmatrix.png]] }} == Adding text to equations == The math environment differs from the text environment in the representation of text. Here is an example of trying to represent text within the math environment: {{LaTeX/Example|code= 50 apples \times 100 apples = lots of apples^2 |render=<math> 50 apples \times 100 apples = lots of apples^2 \,</math> }} There are two noticeable problems: there are no spaces between words or numbers, and the letters are italicized and more spaced out than normal. Both issues are simply artifacts of the maths mode, in that it treats it as a mathematical expression: spaces are ignored (LaTeX spaces mathematics according to its own rules), and each character is a separate element (so are not positioned as closely as normal text). There are a number of ways that text can be added properly. The typical way is to wrap the text with the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\text{...}<!---->}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}} (a similar command is {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mbox{...}<!---->}}, though this causes problems with subscripts, and has a less descriptive name). Let's see what happens when the above equation code is adapted: {{LaTeX/Example|code= 50 \text{apples} \times 100 \text{apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 |render= <math> 50 \text{apples} \times 100 \text{apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 \,</math> }} The text looks better. However, there are no gaps between the numbers and the words. Unfortunately, you are required to explicitly add these. There are many ways to add spaces between math elements, but for the sake of simplicity we may simply insert space characters into the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\text}} commands. {{LaTeX/Example|code= 50 \text{ apples} \times 100 \text{ apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 |render= <math> 50 \text{ apples} \times 100 \text{ apples} = \text{lots of apples}^2 \,</math> }} == Formatting mathematics symbols == :''See also: [[w:Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols]], [[w:Help:Displaying a formula#Alphabets and typefaces]] and [[w:Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols#Fonts]]'' We can now format text; what about formatting mathematical expressions? There are a set of formatting commands very similar to the font formatting ones just used, except that they are specifically aimed at text in math mode (requires {{LaTeX/Package|amsfonts}}) {|class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" ! width="15%"|LaTeX command ! width="35%"|Sample ! Description ! Common use |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathnormal{…} }}<br/><small>(or simply omit any command)</small> | <math>ABCDEF~abcdef~123456\,</math> | The default math font | Most mathematical notation |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathrm{…} }} | <math>\mathrm{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | This is the default or normal font, unitalicised | Units of measurement, one word functions |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathit{…} }} | <math>\mathit{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | Italicised font | Multi-letter function or variable names. Compared to <code>\mathnormal</code>, words are spaced more naturally and numbers are italicized as well. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathbf{…} }} | <math>\mathbf{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | Bold font | Vectors |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathsf{…} }} | <math>\mathsf{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | [[w:sans-serif|Sans-serif]] | Categories |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathtt{…} }} | <math>\mathtt{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | [[w:Monospace font|Monospace (fixed-width) font]] | |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathfrak{…} }}<br/><small>(requires the {{LaTeX/Package|amsfonts}} or {{LaTeX/Package|amssymb}} package{{efn|name="mathalfa"}})</small> | <math>\mathfrak{ABCDEF~abcdef~123456}\,</math> | [[w:Fraktur (script)|Fraktur]] | Almost canonical font for Lie algebras, [[w:Ideal (ring theory)|ideals]] in ring theory |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathcal{…} }} | <math>\mathcal{ABCDEF}\,</math> | Calligraphy (uppercase only{{efn|name="mathalfa"}}) | Often used for sheaves/schemes and categories, used to denote [[w:en:Cryptography|cryptological]] concepts like an ''alphabet of definition'' (<math>\mathcal{A}</math>), ''message space'' (<math>\mathcal{M}</math>), ''ciphertext space'' (<math>\mathcal{C}</math>) and ''[[w:key space|key space]]'' (<math>\mathcal{K}</math>); [[w:Kleene's O|Kleene's <math>\mathcal{O}</math>]]; [[w:Description logic#Naming Convention|naming convention in description logic]]; [[w:Laplace transform|Laplace transform]] (<math>\mathcal{L}</math>) and [[w:Fourier transform|Fourier transform]] (<math>\mathcal{F}</math>) |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathbb{…} }}<br/><small>(requires the {{LaTeX/Package|amsfonts}} or {{LaTeX/Package|amssymb}} package{{efn|name="mathalfa"}})</small> | <math>\mathbb{ABCDEF}\,</math> | [[w:Blackboard bold|Blackboard bold]] (uppercase only{{efn|name="mathalfa"}}) | Used to denote special sets (e.g. real numbers) |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathscr{…} }}<br/><small>(requires the {{LaTeX/Package|mathrsfs}} package{{efn|name="mathalfa"}})</small> | [[File:Mathscr (A-F).png]] | [[w:Script (typefaces)|Script]] (uppercase only{{efn|name="mathalfa"}}) | An alternative font for categories and sheaves. |} These formatting commands can be wrapped around the entire equation, and not just on the textual elements: they only format letters, numbers, and uppercase Greek, and other math commands are unaffected. To bold lowercase Greek or other symbols use the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\boldsymbol}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}}; this will only work if there exists a bold version of the symbol in the current font. As a last resort there is the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\pmb}} command{{efn|name="amsmath"}} (poor man's bold): this prints multiple versions of the character slightly offset against each other. {{LaTeX/Example|code= \boldsymbol{\beta} = (\beta_1,\beta_2,\dotsc,\beta_n) |render= <math> \boldsymbol{\beta} = (\beta_1,\beta_2,\dotsc,\beta_n) \,</math> }} To change the size of the fonts in math mode, see [[../Advanced Mathematics#Changing font size|Changing font size]]. === Accents === So what to do when you run out of symbols and fonts? Well, the next step is to use accents: {| | <code>a'</code> or <code>a^{\prime}</code> ||width="15%"| <math>a'\,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code><nowiki>a''</nowiki></code> || <math>a''\,</math> |- | <code>\hat{a}</code> || <math>\hat{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\bar{a}</code> || <math>\bar{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\grave{a}</code> || <math>\grave{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\acute{a}</code> || <math>\acute{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\dot{a}</code> || <math>\dot{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\ddot{a}</code> || <math>\ddot{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\not{a}</code> || <math>\not{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\mathring{a}</code> || å |- | <code>\overrightarrow{AB}</code> || <math>\overrightarrow{AB} \,</math> | <code>\overleftarrow{AB}</code> || <math>\overleftarrow{AB} \,</math> |- | <code><nowiki>a'''</nowiki></code> || <math>a'''\,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code><nowiki>a''''</nowiki></code> || <math>a''''\,</math> |- | <code>\overline{aaa}</code> || <math>\overline{aaa} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\check{a}</code> || <math>\check{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\breve{a}</code> || <math>\breve{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\vec{a}</code> || <math>\vec{a} \,</math> |- | <code>\dddot{a}</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\ddddot{a}</code>{{efn|name="amsmath"}} || |- | <code>\widehat{AAA}</code> || <math>\widehat{AAA} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\widetilde{AAA}</code> || <math>\widetilde{AAA}</math> |- | <code>\stackrel\frown{AAA}</code> || <math>\stackrel\frown{AAA}</math> |- | <code>\tilde{a}</code> || <math>\tilde{a} \,</math> | style="padding-left:20px" | <code>\underline{a}</code> || <math>\underline{a} \,</math> |} == Color == The package {{LaTeX/Package|xcolor}}, described in [[../Colors#Adding_the_color_package|Colors]], allows us to add color to our equations. For example, {{LaTeX/Example|code= k = {\color{red}x} \mathbin{\color{blue}-} 2 |render=<math> k = {\color{red}x} \mathbin{\color{blue}-} 2 </math> }} The only problem is that this disrupts the default {{LaTeX}} formatting around the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=-}} operator. To fix this, we enclose it in a {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\mathbin}} environment, since {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=-}} is a binary operator. This process is described [http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/21598/how-to-color-math-symbols here]. ==Plus and minus signs== LaTeX deals with the + and − signs in two possible ways. The most common is as a binary operator. When two maths elements appear on either side of the sign, it is assumed to be a binary operator, and as such, allocates some space to either side of the sign. The alternative way is a sign designation. This is when you state whether a mathematical quantity is either positive or negative. This is common for the latter, as in math, such elements are assumed to be positive unless a − is prefixed to it. In this instance, you want the sign to appear close to the appropriate element to show their association. If you put a + or a − with nothing before it but you want it to be handled like a binary operator you can add an ''invisible'' character before the operator using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code={}<!---->}}. This can be useful if you are writing multiple-line formulas, and a new line could start with a − or +, for example, then you can fix some strange alignments adding the invisible character where necessary. A plus-minus sign is written as: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \pm |render=<math> \pm </math> }} Similarly, there exists also a minus-plus sign: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \mp |render=<math> \mp </math> }} == Controlling horizontal spacing == LaTeX is obviously pretty good at typesetting maths—it was one of the chief aims of the core TeX system that LaTeX extends. However, it can't always be relied upon to accurately interpret formulas in the way you did. It has to make certain assumptions when there are ambiguous expressions. The result tends to be slightly incorrect horizontal spacing. In these events, the output is still satisfactory, yet any perfectionists will no doubt wish to ''fine-tune'' their formulas to ensure spacing is correct. These are generally very subtle adjustments. There are other occasions where LaTeX has done its job correctly, but you just want to add some space, maybe to add a comment of some kind. For example, in the following equation, it is preferable to ensure there is a decent amount of space between the maths and the text. {{LaTeX/Example|code= \[ f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\ -(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd} \end{cases} \] |render= <math> f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is even}\\ -(n+1)/2 & \quad \text{if } n \text{ is odd} \end{cases} </math> }} This code produces errors with Miktex 2.9 and does not yield the results seen on the right. Use \mathrm instead of just \text. (Note that this particular example can be expressed in more elegant code by the {{LaTeX/Environment|cases}} construct provided by the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package described in [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#The_cases_environment|Advanced Mathematics]] chapter.) LaTeX has defined two commands that can be used anywhere in documents (not just maths) to insert some horizontal space. They are {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\qquad}} A {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} is a space equal to the current font size. So, if you are using an 11pt font, then the space provided by {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} will also be 11pt (horizontally, of course.) The {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\qquad}} gives twice that amount. As you can see from the code from the above example, {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}}s were used to add some separation between the maths and the text. OK, so back to the fine tuning as mentioned at the beginning of the document. A good example would be displaying the simple equation for the indefinite integral of ''y'' with respect to ''x'': <math>\int y\, \mathrm{d}x</math> If you were to try this, you may write: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y \mathrm{d}x</math> }} However, this doesn't give the correct result. LaTeX doesn't respect the white-space left in the code to signify that the ''y'' and the d''x'' are independent entities. Instead, it lumps them altogether. A {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\quad}} would clearly be overkill in this situation—what is needed are some small spaces to be utilized in this type of instance, and that's what LaTeX provides: {| class="wikitable" ! Command ! Description ! Size |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\,}} | small space | 3/18 of a quad |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\:}} | medium space | 4/18 of a quad |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\;}} | large space | 5/18 of a quad |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\!}} | negative space | -3/18 of a quad |} NB you can use more than one command in a sequence to achieve a greater space if necessary. So, to rectify the current problem: {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y\, \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y\, \mathrm{d}x</math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y\: \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y\;\;\!\! \mathrm{d}x</math> }} {{LaTeX/Example|code= \int y\; \mathrm{d}x |render= <math>\int y\; \mathrm{d}x</math> }} The negative space may seem like an odd thing to use, however, it wouldn't be there if it didn't have ''some'' use! Take the following example: {{LaTeX/Example|code=\partial\frac{x-y}z|render=<math>\partial\frac{x-y}z</math>}} X and Y are like rotations.{{LaTeX/Example|code= \left( \begin{array}{c} n \\ r \end{array} \right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} |render= <math>\left( \begin{matrix} n \\ r \end{matrix} \right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}</math> }} The matrix-like expression for representing binomial coefficients is too padded. There is too much space between the brackets and the actual contents within. This can easily be corrected by adding a few negative spaces after the left bracket and before the right bracket. {{LaTeX/Example|code=\Re|render=<math>\Re</math>}}{{LaTeX/Example|code= \left(\! \begin{array}{c} n \\ r \end{array} \!\right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} |render= <math>\left(\! \begin{matrix} n \\ r \end{matrix} \!\right) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!} </math> }} In any case, adding some spaces manually should be avoided whenever possible: it makes the source code more complex and it's against the basic principles of a What You See is What You Mean approach. The best thing to do is to define some commands using all the spaces you want and then, when you use your command, you don't have to add any other space. Later, if you change your mind about the length of the horizontal space, you can easily change it modifying only the command you defined before. Let us use an example: you want the ''d'' of a ''dx'' in an integral to be in roman font and a small space away from the rest. If you want to type an integral like {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int x \, \mathrm{d} x}}, you can define a command like this: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \newcommand{\dd}{\mathop{}\,\mathrm{d}<!---->} }} in the preamble of your document. We have chosen {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dd}} just because it reminds the "d" it replaces and it is fast to type. Doing so, the code for your integral becomes {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int x \dd x}}. Now, whenever you write an integral, you just have to use the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dd}} instead of the "d", and all your integrals will have the same style. If you change your mind, you just have to change the definition in the preamble, and all your integrals will be changed accordingly. == Manually Specifying Formula Style == To manually display a fragment of a formula using text style, surround the fragment with curly braces and prefix the fragment with {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\textstyle}}. The braces are required because the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\textstyle}} macro changes the state of the renderer, rendering all subsequent mathematics in text style. The braces limit this change of state to just the fragment enclosed within. For example, to use text style for just the summation symbol in a sum, one would enter {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \begin{equation} C^i_j = {\textstyle \sum_k} A^i_k B^k_j \end{equation} }} The same thing as a command would look like this: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \newcommand{\tsum}[1]{{\textstyle \sum_{#1}}} }} Note the extra braces. Just one set around the expression won't be enough. That would cause all math after {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\tsum k}} to be displayed using text style. To display part of a formula using display style, do the same thing, but use {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\displaystyle}} instead. ==Advanced Mathematics: AMS Math package== The AMS ([[Wikipedia:American Mathematical Society|American Mathematical Society]]) mathematics package is a powerful package that creates a higher layer of abstraction over mathematical LaTeX language; if you use it it will make your life easier. Some commands {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} introduces will make other plain LaTeX commands obsolete: in order to keep consistency in the final output you'd better use {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} commands whenever possible. If you do so, you will get an elegant output without worrying about alignment and other details, keeping your source code readable. If you want to use it, you have to add this in the preamble: {{LaTeX/Usage|code= \usepackage{amsmath} }} ===Introducing dots in formulas=== {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} defines also the {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dots}} command, that is a generalization of the existing {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}}. You can use {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dots}} in both text and math mode and LaTeX will replace it with three dots "…" but it will decide according to the context whether to put it on the bottom (like {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}}) or centered (like {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}}). ===Dots=== LaTeX gives you several commands to insert dots (ellipses) in your formulae. This can be particularly useful if you have to type big matrices omitting elements. First of all, here are the main dots-related commands LaTeX provides: {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output !! Comment |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\dots}} || <math>\dots</math> || generic dots (ellipsis), to be used in text (outside formulae as well). It automatically manages whitespaces before and after itself according to the context, it's a higher level command. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}}|| <math>\ldots</math> || the output is similar to the previous one, but there is no automatic whitespace management; it works at a lower level. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}} || <math>\cdots</math> || These dots are centered relative to the height of a letter. There is also the binary multiplication operator, <code>\cdot</code>, mentioned below. |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\vdots}} || <math>\vdots</math> || vertical dots |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ddots}} || <math>\ddots</math> || diagonal dots |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\iddots}} || || inverse diagonal dots (requires the {{LaTeX/Package|mathdots}} package) |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\hdotsfor{n}<!---->}} || <math>\ldots \ldots</math>|| to be used in matrices, it creates a row of dots spanning ''n'' columns. |} Instead of using {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\ldots}} and {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\cdots}}, you should use the semantically oriented commands. It makes it possible to adapt your document to different conventions on the fly, in case (for example) you have to submit it to a publisher who insists on following house tradition in this respect. The default treatment for the various kinds follows American Mathematical Society conventions. {| class="wikitable" ! Code !! Output !! Comment |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1,A_2,\dotsc,}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsc.png]] || for "dots with commas" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1+\dotsb+A_N}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsb.png]] || for "dots with binary operators/relations" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1 \dotsm A_N}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsm.png]] || for "multiplication dots" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=\int_a^b \dotsi}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotsi.png]] || for "dots with integrals" |- | {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=A_1\dotso A_N}} || [[File:LaTeX Dotso.png]] || for "other dots" (none of the above) |} ===Write an equation with the align environment=== How to write an equation with the align environment with the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package is described in [[LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics#align_and_align.2A|Advanced Mathematics]]. ==List of mathematical symbols== All the pre-defined mathematical symbols from the \TeX\ package are listed below. More symbols are available from extra packages. {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Relation Symbols |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="11"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="10"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="10"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="10"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math><\,</math>||<code><</code> | <math>>\,</math>||<code>></code> | <math>=\,</math>||<code>=</code> | <math>\parallel\,</math>||<code>\parallel</code> | <math>\nparallel\,</math>||<code>\nparallel</code> |- | <math>\leq\,</math>||<code>\leq</code> | <math>\geq\,</math>||<code>\geq</code> | <math>\doteq\,</math>||<code>\doteq</code> | <math>\asymp\,</math>||<code>\asymp</code> | <math>\bowtie\,</math>||<code>\bowtie</code> |- | <math>\ll\,</math>||<code>\ll</code> | <math>\gg\,</math>||<code>\gg</code> | <math>\equiv\,</math>||<code>\equiv</code> | <math>\vdash\,</math>||<code>\vdash</code> | <math>\dashv\,</math>||<code>\dashv</code> |- | <math>\subset\,</math>||<code>\subset</code> | <math>\supset\,</math>||<code>\supset</code> | <math>\approx\,</math>||<code>\approx</code> | <math>\in\,</math>||<code>\in</code> | <math>\ni\,</math>||<code>\ni</code> |- | <math>\subseteq\,</math>||<code>\subseteq</code> | <math>\supseteq\,</math>||<code>\supseteq</code> | <math>\cong\,</math>||<code>\cong</code> | <math>\smile\,</math>||<code>\smile</code> | <math>\frown\,</math>||<code>\frown</code> |- | <math>\nsubseteq\,</math>||<code>\nsubseteq</code> | <math>\nsupseteq\,</math>||<code>\nsupseteq</code> | <math>\simeq\,</math>||<code>\simeq</code> | <math>\models\,</math>||<code>\models</code> | <math>\notin\,</math>||<code>\notin</code> |- | <math>\sqsubset\,</math>||<code>\sqsubset</code> | <math>\sqsupset\,</math>||<code>\sqsupset</code> | <math>\sim\,</math>||<code>\sim</code> | <math>\perp\,</math>||<code>\perp</code> | <math>\mid\,</math>||<code>\mid</code> |- | <math>\sqsubseteq\,</math>||<code>\sqsubseteq</code> | <math>\sqsupseteq\,</math>||<code>\sqsupseteq</code> | <math>\propto\,</math>||<code>\propto</code> | <math>\prec\,</math>||<code>\prec</code> | <math>\succ\,</math>||<code>\succ</code> |- | <math>\preceq\,</math>||<code>\preceq</code> | <math>\succeq\,</math>||<code>\succeq</code> | <math>\neq\,</math>||<code>\neq</code> | <math>\sphericalangle\,</math>||<code>\sphericalangle</code> | <math>\measuredangle\,</math>||<code>\measuredangle</code> |- | <math>\therefore\,</math>||<code>\therefore</code> | <math>\because\,</math>||<code>\because</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Binary Operations |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="9"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="9"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="9"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\pm\,</math> || <code>\pm</code> | <math>\cap\,</math> || <code>\cap</code> | <math>\diamond\,</math> || <code>\diamond</code> | <math>\oplus\,</math> || <code>\oplus</code> |- | <math>\mp\,</math> || <code>\mp</code> | <math>\cup\,</math> || <code>\cup</code> | <math>\bigtriangleup\,</math> || <code>\bigtriangleup</code> | <math>\ominus\,</math> || <code>\ominus</code> |- | <math>\times\,</math> || <code>\times</code> | <math>\uplus\,</math> || <code>\uplus</code> | <math>\bigtriangledown\,</math> || <code>\bigtriangledown</code> | <math>\otimes\,</math> || <code>\otimes</code> |- | <math>\div\,</math> || <code>\div</code> | <math>\sqcap\,</math> || <code>\sqcap</code> | <math>\triangleleft\,</math> || <code>\triangleleft</code> | <math>\oslash\,</math> || <code>\oslash</code> |- | <math>\ast\,</math> || <code>\ast</code> | <math>\sqcup\,</math> || <code>\sqcup</code> | <math>\triangleright\,</math> || <code>\triangleright</code> | <math>\odot\,</math> || <code>\odot</code> |- | <math>\star\,</math> || <code>\star</code> | <math>\vee\,</math> || <code>\vee</code> | <math>\bigcirc\,</math> || <code>\bigcirc</code> | <math>\circ\,</math> || <code>\circ</code> |- | <math>\dagger\,</math> || <code>\dagger</code> | <math>\wedge\,</math> || <code>\wedge</code> | <math>\bullet\,</math> || <code>\bullet</code> | <math>\setminus\,</math> || <code>\setminus</code> |- | <math>\ddagger\,</math> || <code>\ddagger</code> | <math>\cdot\,</math> || <code>\cdot</code> | <math>\wr\,</math> || <code>\wr</code> | <math>\amalg\,</math> || <code>\amalg</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Set and/or Logic Notation |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script | rowspan="16" | &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\exists\,</math> || <code>\exists</code> | <math>\rightarrow\,</math> || <code>\rightarrow</code> or <code>\to</code> |- | <math>\nexists\,</math> || <code>\nexists</code> | <math>\leftarrow\,</math> || <code>\leftarrow</code> or <code>\gets</code> |- | <math>\forall\,</math> || <code>\forall</code> | <math>\mapsto\,</math> || <code>\mapsto</code> |- | <math>\neg\,</math> || <code>\neg</code> | <math>\implies\,</math> || <code>\implies</code> |- |<math>\cap</math> |<code>\cap</code> | | |- |<math>\cup</math> |<code>\cup</code> | | |- | <math>\subset\,</math>|| <code>\subset</code> |⟸ |<code>\impliedby</code> |- | <math>\supset\,</math>|| <code>\supset</code> |<math>\Rightarrow\,</math>||<code>\Rightarrow</code> or <code>\implies</code> |- | <math>\in</math>||<code>\in</code> |<math>\leftrightarrow\,</math>||<code>\leftrightarrow</code> |- | <math>\notin\,</math>|| <code>\notin</code> |<math>\iff\,</math>||<code>\iff</code> |- | <math>\ni\,</math>|| <code>\ni</code> |<math>\Leftrightarrow\,</math>||<code>\Leftrightarrow</code> (preferred for equivalence (iff)) |- | <math>\land\,</math>|| <code>\land</code> |<math>\top\,</math>||<code>\top</code> |- | <math>\lor\,</math>|| <code>\lor</code> |<math>\bot\,</math>||<code>\bot</code> |- | <math>\angle\,</math> || <code>\angle</code> |<math>\emptyset\,</math> and <math>\varnothing\,</math>||<code>\emptyset</code> and <code>\varnothing</code>{{ref|symbolpackage}} |- | | |<math>\rightleftharpoons\,</math> |<code>\rightleftharpoons</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Delimiters |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>|\,</math> || <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code> or <code>\mid</code> (difference in spacing) | <math>\|\,</math> || <code>\<nowiki>|</nowiki></code> | <math>/\,</math> || <code>/</code> | <math>\backslash\,</math> || <code>\backslash</code> |- | <math>\{\,</math> || <code>\{</code> | <math>\}\,</math> || <code>\}</code> | <math>\langle\,</math> || <code>\langle</code> | <math>\rangle\,</math> || <code>\rangle</code> |- | <math>\uparrow\,</math> || <code>\uparrow</code> | <math>\Uparrow\,</math> || <code>\Uparrow</code> | <math>\lceil\,</math> || <code>\lceil</code> | <math>\rceil\,</math> || <code>\rceil</code> |- | <math>\downarrow\,</math> || <code>\downarrow</code> | <math>\Downarrow\,</math> || <code>\Downarrow</code> | <math>\lfloor\,</math> || <code>\lfloor</code> | <math>\rfloor\,</math> || <code>\rfloor</code> |} Note: To use the Greek Letters in LaTeX that have the same appearance in the Latin alphabet, just use Latin: e.g., A instead of Alpha, B instead of Beta, etc. {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Greek Letters |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="13"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\Alpha\,</math> and <math>\alpha\,</math>|| <code>A</code> and <code>\alpha</code> | <math>\Nu\,</math> and <math>\nu\,</math>|| <code>N</code> and <code>\nu</code> |- | <math>\Beta\,</math> and <math>\beta\,</math>|| <code>B</code> and <code>\beta</code> | <math>\Xi\,</math> and <math>\xi\,</math>|| <code>\Xi</code> and <code>\xi</code> |- | <math>\Gamma\,</math> and <math>\gamma\,</math>|| <code>\Gamma</code> and <code>\gamma</code> | <math>\Omicron\,</math> and <math>\omicron\,</math>|| <code>O</code> and <code>o</code> |- | <math>\Delta\,</math> and <math>\delta\,</math>|| <code>\Delta</code> and <code>\delta</code> | <math>\Pi\,</math>, <math>\pi\,</math> and <math>\varpi</math>|| <code>\Pi</code>, <code>\pi</code> and <code>\varpi</code> |- | <math>\Epsilon\,</math>, <math>\epsilon\,</math> and <math>\varepsilon\,</math>|| <code>E</code>, <code>\epsilon</code> and <code>\varepsilon</code> | <math>\Rho\,</math>, <math>\rho\,</math> and <math>\varrho\,</math>|| <code>P</code>, <code>\rho</code> and <code>\varrho</code> |- | <math>\Zeta\,</math> and <math>\zeta\,</math>|| <code>Z</code> and <code>\zeta</code> | <math>\Sigma\,</math>, <math>\sigma\,</math> and <math>\varsigma\,</math>|| <code>\Sigma</code>, <code>\sigma</code> and <code>\varsigma</code> |- | <math>\Eta\,</math> and <math>\eta\,</math>|| <code>H</code> and <code>\eta</code> | <math>\Tau\,</math> and <math>\tau\,</math>|| <code>T</code> and <code>\tau</code> |- | <math>\Theta\,</math>, <math>\theta\,</math> and <math>\vartheta\,</math>|| <code>\Theta</code>, <code>\theta</code> and <code>\vartheta</code> | <math>\mbox{Y}\,</math>, <math>\Upsilon\,</math> and <math>\upsilon\,</math>|| <code>Y</code>, <code>\Upsilon</code> and <code>\upsilon</code> |- | <math>\Iota\,</math> and <math>\iota\,</math>|| <code>I</code> and <code>\iota</code> | <math>\Phi\,</math>, <math>\phi\,</math>, and <math>\varphi\,</math>|| <code>\Phi</code>, <code>\phi</code> and <code>\varphi</code> |- | <math>\Kappa\,</math>, <math>\kappa\,</math> and <math>\varkappa\,</math> || <code>K</code>, <code>\kappa</code> and <code>\varkappa</code> | <math>\Chi\,</math> and <math>\chi\,</math>|| <code>X</code> and <code>\chi</code> |- | <math>\Lambda\,</math> and <math>\lambda\,</math>|| <code>\Lambda</code> and <code>\lambda</code> | <math>\Psi\,</math> and <math>\psi\,</math>|| <code>\Psi</code> and <code>\psi</code> |- | <math>\Mu\,</math> and <math>\mu\,</math>|| <code>M</code> and <code>\mu</code> | <math>\Omega\,</math> and <math>\omega\,</math>|| <code>\Omega</code> and <code>\omega</code> |} {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+ Other symbols |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="4"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\partial\,</math> || <code>\partial</code> | <math>\imath\,</math> || <code>\imath</code> | <math>\Re\,</math> || <code>\Re</code> | <math>\nabla\,</math> || <code>\nabla</code> | <math>\aleph\,</math> || <code>\aleph</code> |- | <math>\eth\,</math> || <code>\eth</code> | <math>\jmath\,</math> || <code>\jmath</code> | <math>\Im\,</math> || <code>\Im</code> | <math>\Box\,</math> || <code>\Box</code> | <math>\beth\,</math> || <code>\beth</code> |- | <math>\hbar\,</math> || <code>\hbar</code> | <math>\ell\,</math> || <code>\ell</code> | <math>\wp\,</math> || <code>\wp</code> | <math>\infty\,</math> || <code>\infty</code> | <math>\gimel\,</math> || <code>\gimel</code> |} {{note|symbolpackage}}Not predefined in LATEX 2. Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym {| class="wikitable" latexfontsize="scriptsize" |+Trigonometric Functions |- !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |rowspan="5"| &nbsp; !scope="col"| Symbol !!scope="col"| Script |- | <math>\sin\,</math> || <code>\sin</code> | <math>\arcsin\,</math> || <code>\arcsin</code> | <math>\sinh\,</math> || <code>\sinh</code> | <math>\sec\,</math> || <code>\sec</code> |- | <math>\cos\,</math> || <code>\cos</code> | <math>\arccos\,</math> || <code>\arccos</code> | <math>\cosh\,</math> || <code>\cosh</code> | <math>\csc\,</math> || <code>\csc</code> |- | <math>\tan\,</math> || <code>\tan</code> | <math>\arctan\,</math> || <code>\arctan</code> | <math>\tanh\,</math> || <code>\tanh</code> | || |- | <math>\cot\,</math> || <code>\cot</code> | <math>\arccot\,</math> || <code>\arccot</code> | <math>\coth\,</math> || <code>\coth</code> | || |} If LaTeX does not include a command for the mathematical operator you want to use, for example <code>\cis</code> (<strong>c</strong>osine plus <strong>i</strong> times <strong>s</strong>ine), add to your preamble: \DeclareMathOperator\cis{cis} You can then use <code>\cis</code> in the document just like <code>\cos</code> or any other mathematical operator. <!-- Sections remaining: Table 3 onwards from symbols.pdf --> {{clear}} == Summary == As you begin to see, typesetting math can be tricky at times. However, because LaTeX provides so much control, you can get professional quality mathematics typesetting with relatively little effort (once you've had a bit of practice, of course!). It is possible to elaborate further on the nitty-gritty of mathematics because the possibilities seem endless. However, with this tutorial, you should be able to get along with it sufficiently. {{TODO| * introduce symbols from [http://www.andy-roberts.net/res/writing/latex/symbols.pdf] * add symbols from [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/wasysym/wasysym.pdf] * consider adding symbols from [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf] -- the list of nearly all symbols available for LaTeX * Consider, instead of using the symbols from the above mentioned, using what has already been introduced in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Math_markup] instead of retyping the tables * How to box an equation within an align environment * Color in equations }} == References == {{reflist}} == Notes == {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name="amsmath"|requires the {{LaTeX/Package|amsmath}} package}} {{efn|name="mathtools"|requires the {{LaTeX/Package|mathtools}} package}} {{efn|name="mathalfa"|1=The {{LaTeX/Package|mathalpha}} package allows for specifying a broader variety of fonts to be used in the <code>\mathfrak{}</code>, <code>\mathbb{}</code>, <code>\mathcal{}</code> and <code>\mathscr{}</code> commands. For example, the command <code>\usepackage[bb=pazo]{mathalpha}</code> makes it so <code>\mathbb{}</code> uses the "pazo" font. {{LaTeX/Package|mathalpha}}'s [http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/mathalpha/doc/mathalpha-doc.pdf documentation] gives a comparison of the different font options; some have lowercase letters, Greek letters or numerals where the default does not.}} }} ==Further reading== * [[meta:Help:Displaying a formula]]: Wikimedia uses a subset of LaTeX commands. ==External links== * [http://detexify.kirelabs.org detexify]: applet for looking up LaTeX symbols by drawing them * [http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/amsmath/amsmath.pdf <code>amsmath</code> documentation] * [http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/wiki/LaTeX LaTeX - The Student Room] * [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List] * [https://mathvault.ca/wp-content/uploads/Comprehensive-List-of-Mathematical-Symbols.pdf Comprehensive List of Mathematical Symbols] <noinclude> == Examples == <math>\Re</math>=\Re <math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>=\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots }^{5050}{{LaTeX/Bottom|Rules and Struts|Advanced Mathematics}} </noinclude> == Templates == LaTeX/Example LaTeX/LaTeX {{LaTeX/LaTeX|code=ABC}} {{LaTeX/Example|code=ABC…|render=ABC…}} == Pit == <math id="https://en.wikipedia.org/partial">\partial</math> [[pl:LaTeX/Matematyka]] 16sitdqp0ah1g4xvfg96c1b9td1qvg3 0 50928 4641008 4622595 2026-06-23T16:07:21Z Dayshade 3020041 mieses-kotrc is an error - it's actually 2...Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5 4.b4 4641008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Position |Scandinavian defence |moves=1.e4 d5 2.exd5 |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B01]] |parent=[[../|Scandinavian defence]] }} == 2. exd5 == After 2. exd5, Black can recapture the pawn. [[/2...Qxd5|'''2...Qxd5''']] retakes the pawn immediately. This is the main line, also known as the classical line. Black regains the pawn but allows White to develop with tempo against the queen: 3. Nc3 and the black queen must move again, usually to 3...Qa5. 3. Nf6 is also tried, with the idea of retaining the option of pushing both c4 and d4 and taking over the centre. [[/2...Nf6|'''2...Nf6''']] is called the '''Modern Scandinavian'''. Black delays recovering the pawn. Now if 3. Nc3?! to defend d5, 3...Nxd5 4. Nxd5 Qxd5 and Black has nicely centralised queen with no danger of Nc3. The main line is 3. d4, just giving back the pawn. 3. c4!? to hold onto the pawn transposes into a [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5/3...cxd5/4. c4|Caro-Kann Panov attack]] (3...c6 4. d4 cxd5 5. Nc3). Gambits like [[/2...c6|'''2...c6''']], the '''Blackburne-Kloosterboer gambit''', or '''2...e6''' are inferior and don't give enough for the pawn. ==Theory table== {{Chess Opening Theory/Table}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |name1=Scandinavian defence, main line |line1=2... Qxd5 3. Nc3 Qa5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 c6 6. Bd2 Bf5 |eval1=<nowiki>=</nowiki> |name2=Lasker variation |line2=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. ... ... 5. ... Bg4 6. h3 Qh5? 7. hxg4 Qxh1 8. Ne2 Nxg4 9. Ng3 Qxf1+ 10. Nxf1 |eval2=+− |line3=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. ... ... 5. ... ... 6. ... Bh5 7. g4 Bg6 8. Ne5 Nbd7 9. Nc4 |eval3=± |name4=Leonhardt gambit |line4=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. b4!? Qxb4 5. Rb1 Qd6 6. d4 Nf6 7. Nf3 |eval4=<nowiki>=</nowiki> |line5=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. ... ... 5. Nb5 Qa5 6. Bc4 c6?? 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qh5+ g6 9. Nd6+ exd6 10. Qxa5 |eval5=+- |line6=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. ... ... 5. ... ... 6. ... Nf6 |eval6=⩱ |name7=Modern Scandinavian |line7=2... Nf6 3. d4 |name8=Marshall variation |line8=2... ... 3. ... Nxd5 4. Nf3 Bf5 5. Bd3 Bxd3 6. Qxd3 e6 7. O-O |name9=Richter variation |line9=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. ... g6 5. c4 Nb6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Be2 O-O 8. O-O |eval9=⩲ |name10=Gipslis variation |line10=2... ... 3. ... ... 4. ... Bg4 5. Be2 e6 6. O-O Nc6 7. c4 Nb6 8. Nc3 Be7 9. d5 |name11=Portuguese gambit |line11=2... ... 3. ... Bg4 4. f3 Bf5 |line12=2... ... 3. Nc3?! Nxd5 4. Nxd5 Qxd5 5. d4 |eval12=<nowiki>=</nowiki> |name13=Blackburne-Kloosterboer gambit |line13=2...c6 }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} === See also === {{Wikipedia|Scandinavian Defense}} {{NCO}} {{BCO2}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} e0mk8k723wzu2adnese8krin4epzbyl 0 50932 4641006 4604034 2026-06-23T16:06:11Z Dayshade 3020041 mieses-kotrc is an error - it's actually 2...Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5 4.b4 4641006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Position |Mieses-Kotrč variation |moves=1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B01]] |parent=[[../|Scandinavian defence]] }} == 2...Qxd5 · Classical line == Black retakes the pawn immediately. [[/3. Nc3|'''3. Nc3''']] is White's usual continuation<ref>90% of games in Lichess's masters database, 76% of games in Lichess's player database.</ref>. White develops a knight tempo on the queen, and Black must pick a safe square to where their queen will be safe: typically Qa5 or Qd8. [[/3. Nf3|'''3. Nf3''']] is also tried. White's idea is to delay playing Nc3, realising that they may pick up the tempo on Black's queen later. Without playing Nc3 yet, White has the idea of taking over the queenside by putting both c and d pawns in the centre (Nc3 would obstruct the c pawn's way to c4). 3...Bg4 is the typical move, then 4. Be2 Nc6 5. d4 O-O-O. [[/3. d4|'''3. d4''']] first is similar to the 3. Nf3 lines, transposing after 3...Nc6 4. Nf3 Bg4 5. Be2 O-O-O. White keeps the option of c4. [[/3. c4|'''3. c4?''']] immediately may look like it kicks Black's queen and allows White to develop Nc3 only after getting the c-pawn out of the way--however 3...Qe4+ wins Black a pawn (4. Ne2 Qxc4, or 4. Be2 Qxg2) or a favourable queen trade. On the subject of bad moves, the worst possible move here is [[/3. Ke2|3. Ke2??]], leading to a three turn checkmate (3...Qe4#). ==Theory table== {{Chess Opening Theory/Table}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |line1=3. Nc3 Qa5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 c6 6. Bc4 Bf5 7. Bd2 e6 8. Nd5 Qd8 9. Nxf6+ gxf6 |name1=Mieses-Kotrč variation |eval1={{Chess/not|++}} |line4=3...Qd8 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. h3 Bxf3 7. Qxf3 c6 8. Be3 e6 9. Bd3 Nbd7 10. O-O Bd6 |name4=Valencian variation |eval4={{Chess/not|++}} |line5=3...Qd6 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 a6 6. g3 Bg4 7. Bg2 Nc6 8. O-O O-O-O |name5=Gubinsky-Melts variation <br>→ Bronstein variation |eval5={{Chess/not|++}} |line6=3. Nf3 Bg4 4. Be2 Nc6 5. d4 O-O-O 6. c4 Qf5 7. Be3 Bxf3 8. Bxf3 Nxd4 9. Bxd4 Qe6+ 10. Be2 Qe4 |eval6={{Chess/not|+}} |line7=3. c4? Qe4+ 4. Ne2 Qxc4 |eval7={{Chess/not|-}} }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} === See also === {{Wikipedia|Scandinavian Defence}} {{BCO2}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 6iu48beaevugg6o2iab3jmuh777yi8z 4641009 4641006 2026-06-23T16:08:13Z Dayshade 3020041 4641009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Position |Scandinavian defence |moves=1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B01]] |parent=[[../|Scandinavian defence]] }} == 2...Qxd5 · Classical line == Black retakes the pawn immediately. [[/3. Nc3|'''3. Nc3''']] is White's usual continuation<ref>90% of games in Lichess's masters database, 76% of games in Lichess's player database.</ref>. White develops a knight tempo on the queen, and Black must pick a safe square to where their queen will be safe: typically Qa5 or Qd8. [[/3. Nf3|'''3. Nf3''']] is also tried. White's idea is to delay playing Nc3, realising that they may pick up the tempo on Black's queen later. Without playing Nc3 yet, White has the idea of taking over the queenside by putting both c and d pawns in the centre (Nc3 would obstruct the c pawn's way to c4). 3...Bg4 is the typical move, then 4. Be2 Nc6 5. d4 O-O-O. [[/3. d4|'''3. d4''']] first is similar to the 3. Nf3 lines, transposing after 3...Nc6 4. Nf3 Bg4 5. Be2 O-O-O. White keeps the option of c4. [[/3. c4|'''3. c4?''']] immediately may look like it kicks Black's queen and allows White to develop Nc3 only after getting the c-pawn out of the way--however 3...Qe4+ wins Black a pawn (4. Ne2 Qxc4, or 4. Be2 Qxg2) or a favourable queen trade. On the subject of bad moves, the worst possible move here is [[/3. Ke2|3. Ke2??]], leading to a three turn checkmate (3...Qe4#). ==Theory table== {{Chess Opening Theory/Table}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |line1=3. Nc3 Qa5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 c6 6. Bc4 Bf5 7. Bd2 e6 8. Nd5 Qd8 9. Nxf6+ gxf6 |name1=Main line |eval1={{Chess/not|++}} |line4=3...Qd8 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. h3 Bxf3 7. Qxf3 c6 8. Be3 e6 9. Bd3 Nbd7 10. O-O Bd6 |name4=Valencian variation |eval4={{Chess/not|++}} |line5=3...Qd6 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 a6 6. g3 Bg4 7. Bg2 Nc6 8. O-O O-O-O |name5=Gubinsky-Melts variation <br>→ Bronstein variation |eval5={{Chess/not|++}} |line6=3. Nf3 Bg4 4. Be2 Nc6 5. d4 O-O-O 6. c4 Qf5 7. Be3 Bxf3 8. Bxf3 Nxd4 9. Bxd4 Qe6+ 10. Be2 Qe4 |eval6={{Chess/not|+}} |line7=3. c4? Qe4+ 4. Ne2 Qxc4 |eval7={{Chess/not|-}} }} {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} === See also === {{Wikipedia|Scandinavian Defence}} {{BCO2}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} jvhkqvf6ly4wqp5ta05eugfwzmowmov 0 106315 4641010 4605830 2026-06-23T16:08:48Z Dayshade 3020041 4641010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Position |Scandinavian defence |moves=1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3. Nc3 |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B01]] |parent=[[../|Scandinavian defence]] }} == 3. Nc3 == White develops with tempo against Black's queen. Black's queen now must find a safe square: ideally one from which she may not be kicked again straight away. [[/3...Qa5|'''3....Qa5''']] is the mainline. From a5 the queen cannot be attacked immediately, she can pin the knight should White dare to advance their d pawn, and she can later move to b6 to target the b2 pawn. From a5 she supports e5. This is considered the sharpest variation. The principal alternatives are [[/3...Qd8|'''3...Qd8''']] and [[/3...Qd6|'''3...Qd6''']]. [[/3...Qd8|'''3...Qd8''']] un-develops the queen. She is now very safe but her scope is greatly limited, and Black will presumably at some point have to spend some tempo to bring her out again. It has the reputation for being the safest and least theoretical continuation. Its most vocal advocate has been [[wikipedia:John Bartholomew|John Bartholomew]]. [[/3...Qd6|'''3...Qd6''']] was pioneered by Grandmaster [[wikipedia:Sergei Tiviakov|Sergei Tiviakov]] and others. The queen is much more active here than back on d8 but a mite more vulnerable. Black must soon play c6 or a6 to prevent Nb5 to kick the queen. === Bad moves === [[/3...Qe6|'''3...Qe6+!?''']] and [[/3...Qe5|'''3...Qe5+!?''']] to check White's king are common amateur tries, but they do not accomplish much for Black. 4. Be2 and White has developed another piece, and Black's queen is blocking in their e pawn and so will probably have to move again. One idea behind 3...Qe6+ 4. Be2 is that Black wants to target the weakened g2 pawn. However, to pursue it is folly and White should be happy to give it up: 4...Qg6 5. Nf3 Qxg2?! 6. Rg1 Qh3 and White's has four pieces developed, they're about to play d4, and their rook is well positioned on the half open g file, whereas Black has only developed their queen, who White can kick again with Rg3. Most other possible third moves blunder the queen, as White either directly controls the squares (b5, c4, d3 by the bishop, e4 and d5 by the knight, f3 and h5 by the queen) or they afford White further tempo. A quick survey of the foil to the remaining moves: * '''3...Qd7?!''' is difficult to immediately refute, but Black's position looks awkward with their light-squared bishop blocked and the need to be vigilant in case the queen becomes pinned to the king. * '''3...Qd4?''' and Nf3 scores tempo. * '''3...Qf5?''' runs into d4 & Bd3. * '''3...Qg5?''' allows d4 with a discovered attack * '''3...Qc5?''' and Qe5+?! will be kicked again after d4 and/or Nf3. * '''3...Qc6??''' and Bb5 pins it to the king, winning the queen. ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |line1=3...Qa5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 c6 6. Bc4 Bf5 7. Bd2 e6 8. Nd5 Qd8 9. Nxf6+ gxf6 |name1=Main line |eval1={{Chess/not|++}} |line2=3. ... ... 4. b4 Qxb4 5. Rb1 Qd6 6. Nf3 Nf6 7. d4 g6 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. O-O O-O |eval2={{Chess/not|-}} |name2=Leonhardt gambit |line3=3. ... ... 4. ... ... 5. Nb5 Qa5 6. Bc4 c6? 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qh5+ g6 9. Nd6+ exd6 10. Qxa5 |eval3={{chess/not|+++}} |line4=3...Qd8 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. h3 Bxf3 7. Qxf3 c6 8. Be3 e6 9. Bd3 Nbd7 10. O-O Bd6 |name4=Valencian variation |eval4={{Chess/not|++}} |line5=3...Qd6 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 a6 6. g3 Bg4 7. Bg2 Nc6 8. O-O O-O-O |name5=Gubinsky-Melts variation <br>→ Bronstein variation |eval5={{Chess/not|++}} |line6=3...Qe5+? 4. Be2 Qg5? 5. Nf3 Qxg2 6. Rg1 Qh3 7. Rg3 Qe6 8. d4 Nf6 |eval6={{Chess/not|++}} }} {{ChessMid}} {{Wikipedia|Scandinavian Defence}} ==References== {{reflist}} *[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1068107 Anatoli Karpov - Bent Larsen 1979] === See also === {{BCO2}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} 129u17kvf93fm9gh1znn3hfr19dph0d 4 112405 4641017 4640819 2026-06-23T17:11:22Z MediaWiki message delivery 1188004 /* RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons */ new section 4641017 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{Shortcut|WB:CHAT|WB:RR/G|WB:GENERAL}} {{TOC left|limit=3}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |key = 7a0ac23cf8049e4d9ff70cabb5649d1a }} Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room. {{clear}} [[Category:Reading room]] == Discussion at [[Wikibooks talk:Reviewers]] == I started a discussion on whether we should introduce an inactivity criteria for reviewers (and possibly autoreviewed users), at [[Wikibooks talk:Reviewers#Inactivity criteria]]. Any participation would be appreciated. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:17, 18 May 2026 (UTC) == May 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding the Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 15px; padding-right: 15px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|75px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities during the last weekend of May. Both sessions will focus on the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]. Participants may attend either or both sessions. #'''Saturday, 30 May 2026 at 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780153200 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''Sunday, 31 May 2026 at 05:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780203600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Café participants are highly encouraged to read in advance [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Sohom_Datta/annual_plan_guide at least this summary of the plan]. Optionally, Café participants are encouraged to read portions of the plan that interest them and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 ask questions or provide feedback on the Annual Plan talk page]. Please see the Café page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#May_2026_meetings_with_a_focus_on_Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2026-2027 tables of timestamp conversions for both sessions], [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session,_and_is_extendible_for_an_additional_30_minutes_if_needed. the agenda], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">↠Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 19:44, 21 May 2026 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2026 U4C election == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Discussion at WB:TECH == I started a discussion whether we should keep the FlaggedRevs comment box hidden at [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Technical Assistance#Is this CSS code necessary?]], but I am notifying here due to a lack of participation over there. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:41, 30 May 2026 (UTC) == Template:Printable testing == Is there any way to use Template:Printable so that it creates a printable version of a ''different'' page? I've been wanting to see what it looks like without having to create a subpage. <span style="color:#FF0000">[[User:User97104|User]]</span><span style="color:#FF0000">[[User talk:User97104|97104]] </span><span style="color:#FF0000">[[Special:Contributions/User97104|(fixes)]]</span> 23:59, 8 June 2026 (UTC) == June 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding the English Wikipedia Editor Reflections project == <div class="border-box" style="background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)"> <div class="box" style="float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;">[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]</div> Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities during the last weekend of June. Both sessions will focus on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor_reflections English Wikipedia Editor Reflections project]. The featured guest in the Café will be [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Clovermoss User:Clovermoss]. Participants may attend either or both sessions. #'''27 June 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782572400 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe #'''28 June 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1782615600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific Please see the Café page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]! <br /> [[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]</div> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[[User:Pine|<span style="color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em">↠Pine</span>]] [[User talk:Pine|<span style="color:DeepSkyBlue">(<b style="color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em">✉</b>)</span>]]</span> 04:09, 15 June 2026 (UTC) == Images lost in Engineering Acoustics == Hello, I just made an updated PDF version of the wiki book on Engineering Acoustics. During this processes I realized that 19 Images are missing. I left the respective chapters out of the PDF version. You can find the missing files by opening https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Acoustics/Print_version in your web browser and search for the text File: . I am not sure why they were deleted. But possibly they were moved to Wikimedia Commons first and deleted after that. I could try to restore the from the 16 years old PDF version but I lack any authorship information so I think we need to redraw all of them. Furthermore I realized that some of the rest of the images in the wiki book have got a very poor resolution Yours 18:22, 18 June 2026 (UTC) [[User:Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|contribs]]) 18:22, 18 June 2026 (UTC) == Citing WikiBooks? == Wikipedia has a page for Citing Wikipedia, but I haven't found one here, so I have a few questions: # How would I cite Wikibooks in an essay? # Do I need to cite sources on Wikibooks? If so, how? [[User:BlazeFlames|BlazeFlames]] ([[User talk:BlazeFlames|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlazeFlames|contribs]]) 22:48, 18 June 2026 (UTC) :# This should give you a good method: https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/how-to-cite-wikipedia/ :# Generally, no. We have [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|no policy that requires or prohibits citing sources]] and we have a [[Help:Editing#References|help page on how to do it]], with a [[Wikibooks:Templates/Sources|number of templates]] to standardize the process. There is definitely value in citing sources, so I don't want to discourage it. :―[[User:Koavf|Justin (<span style="color:grey">ko'''a'''<span style="color:black">v</span>f</span>)]]<span style="color:red">❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯</span> 09:10, 19 June 2026 (UTC) == Unhide the FlaggedRevs comment box? == :''Reposted from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2026/April#Is this CSS code necessary?]] as the former link had no participation.'' I propose unhiding the FlaggedRevs comment box (via MediaWiki:Common.css) because it might be useful to add in a comment when reverting with the FlaggedRevs reversion, unlike rollback. It might also be useful in cases to add a comment on what the user edited when accepting a revision. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:17, 20 June 2026 (UTC) == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"> You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> oer95pafbi9sceb9tdmkqctwyetiyna 0 117600 4641005 4620596 2026-06-23T15:13:50Z ~2026-36491-99 3609371 4641005 wikitext text/x-wiki Both Dutch and Flemish cuisine can boast on a wealth of high quality vegetables. Here is a collection of them. Click on the arrow buttons to hear the pronunciation. {|width=100% style="text-align:center" |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-boon.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Bruine_boon_Noordhollandse_Bruine_(Phaseolus_vulgaris).jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-broccoli.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Broccoli2.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-spruitjes.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Brussel Sprouts bunch.JPG|150px]] |[[Image:nl-kool.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Chou cabus rouge 01.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-kardoen.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Cynara_cardunculus_Prague_2011_3.jpg|150px]] |- |bean: de {{Nlwikt|boon}} |broccoli: de {{Nlwikt|broccoli}} |Brussels sprout: de {{Nlwikt|spruitjes}} (plural) |cabbage: de {{Nlwikt|kool}} |cardoon: de {{Nlwikt|kardoen}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-wortel.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:The garden delivers carrots.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-knolselderij.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Knolselderij knol (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum) 'Dolvi'.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-komkommer.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Cucumber picture.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-andijvie.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Andijvie (Cichorium endivia).jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-witlof.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Endives au marché.jpg|150px]] |- |carrot: de {{Nlwikt|wortel}} |celeriac: de {{Nlwikt|knolselderij}} |cucumber: de {{Nlwikt|komkommer}} |endive: de {{Nlwikt|andijvie}} <br/> (''Cichorium endivia'') |Belgian endive: de {{Nlwikt|witlof}}, witloof<br/> (''Cichorium intybus'') |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-knoflook.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:A view of Garlic.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-gember.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Fresh Ginger.JPG|150px]] |[[Image:nl-prei.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:13-08-31-wien-redaktionstreffen-EuT-by-Bi-frie-031.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-linzen.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Lens culinaris seeds.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-sla.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Kopf Kopfsalat.JPG|150px]] |- |garlic: de {{Nlwikt|knoflook}} |ginger: de {{Nlwikt|gember}} |leek: de {{Nlwikt|prei}} |lentil: de {{Nlwikt|linzen}} (plural) |lettuce: de {{Nlwikt|sla}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-ui.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:YellowOnions.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-erwt.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Peas01.JPG|150px]] |[[Image:nl-bloemkool.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Cauliflower.JPG|150px]] |[[Image:nl-aardappel.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:A Grande Batata.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-zuurkool.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Sauerkraut 2.jpg|150px]] |- |onion: de {{Nlwikt|ui}} |pea: de {{Nlwikt|erwt}} |cauliflower: de {{Nlwikt|bloemkool}} |potato: de {{Nlwikt|aardappel}} |sauerkraut: de {{Nlwikt|zuurkool}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-radijs.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Raphanus sativus.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-sjalot.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Shallots_-_sliced_and_whole.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-zuring.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Rumex acetosa スイバ（スカンポ） やしろの森公園 DSCF8797.JPG|150px]] |[[Image:nl-spinazie.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Spinacia_oleracea_Breedblad_scherpzaad.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-tomaat.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:ARS Ohio processing tomato.jpg|150px]] |- |radish: de {{Nlwikt|radijs}} |shallot: de {{Nlwikt|sjalot}} |sorrel: de {{Nlwikt|zuring}} |spinach: de {{Nlwikt|spinazie}} |tomato: de {{Nlwikt|tomaat}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-knolraap.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:TurnipsInBasket.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-mierikswortel.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Kren_Verkauf.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-zeekraal.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Salicornia_europaea_MS_0802.JPG|150px]] |[[Image:nl-boerenkool.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Boerenkool.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-postelein.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Portulaca_sativa_01.jpg|150px]] |- |turnip: de {{Nlwikt|knolraap}} |horse radish: de {{Nlwikt|mierikswortel}} |glasswort: de {{Nlwikt|zeekraal}} |kale: de {{Nlwikt|boerenkool}} |purslane: de {{Nlwikt|postelein}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-asperge.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Spargel - Asparagus.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-schorseneer.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Schwarzwurzeln.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-bieslook.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Young chives (4526387603).jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-peul.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Peultjes_peultjes_Pisum_sativum_mange-tout.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-kapucijner.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Kapucijner700.JPG|150px]] |- |asparagus: de {{Nlwikt|asperge}} |black salsify: de {{Nlwikt|schorseneer}} |chives: de {{Nlwikt|bieslook}} |snow pea: de {{Nlwikt|peul}} |field pea: de {{Nlwikt|kapucijner}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |- |[[Image:nl-bleekselderij.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Celery2.png|150px]] |[[Image:nl-kroot.ogg|20px|noicon]][[Image:nl-biet.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Beets_produce-1.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-knol.ogg|20px|noicon]][[Image:nl-koolraap.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Steckrübe.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-raapstelen.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Rapini.jpg|150px]] |[[Image:nl-veldsla.ogg|20px|noicon]][[File:Corn_salad,_spring,_close_up.JPG|150px]] |- |celery: {{Nlwikt|bleekselderij}} |beetroot: de {{Nlwikt|kroot}}, de rode {{Nlwikt|biet}} |rutabaga: de {{Nlwikt|koolraap}}, de {{Nlwikt|knol}} |rapini: de {{Nlwikt|raapstelen}} |rapunzel : de {{Nlwikt|veldsla}} |- |style="height:10px; background-color:#E0E0FF;" colspan=5| |} ==Sources== |[[:w:en:List of vegetables]] {{BookCat}} imxua7x8iocwrfskog5hwch9e1d9ur4 0 125622 4641003 4628172 2026-06-23T14:36:08Z Moopoos 3552034 /* 3...Nb6 */ 4641003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |name=Two pawns attack |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B02]] |parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6|Alekhine's defence]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6/2. e5/2...Nd5/3. c4|Two pawns attack]] }} == 3...Nb6 == White may now play [[/4. d4|'''4. d4''']] to sure up their centre. This is the main move and reaches positions familiar from the 3. d4 move order, where often White plays c4 as well. 4...d6 5. exd6 [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6/2. e5/2...Nd5/3. d4/3...d6/4. c4/4...Nb6/5. exd6|reaches the exchange variation]]; 4...d6 5. f4 transposes into the [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6/2. e5/2...Nd5/3. d4/3...d6/4. c4/4...Nb6/5. f4|four pawns attack]]. [[/4. c5|'''4. c5''']] stays in original territory. This is the '''Lasker variation'''. White chases the knight again but it usually returns to plant itself on the newly minted outpost on d5, 4...Nd5. 5. Nc3 e6 6. Nxd5 exd5 7. d4 to close up the outpost might be sensible, or the game may continue 4...Nd5 5. Bc4 e6 6. d4 b6 7. cxb6 axb6 =. [[/4. b3|'''4. b3''']] is the '''Steiner variation'''. [[/4. a4|'''4. a4!''']] is the '''Tate Variation''' named after Emory Tate, Andrew Tate's father ==Theory table== {{ChessTable}} '1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.c4 Nb6' <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"> <tr> <th></th> <th align="left">4</th> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">&nbsp;</th> <td>[[/4. c5|c5]]<br> -</td> <td>=</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="right">&nbsp;</th> <td>[[/4. d4|d4]]<br> -</td> <td>=</td> </tr> </table> {{ChessMid}} ==References== {{reflist}} {{Wikipedia|Alekhine Defence}} {{BCO2}} {{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}} il75edihtq16dir4lrf4b6ifchtwulz 0 133340 4641012 4094282 2026-06-23T16:22:07Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4641012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June 2007 Form 8LSN75''' * [http://www.lsac.org/pdfs/2007-2008/SamplePTJune07.pdf June 2007 Exam PDF from LSAC] ==Section II Logical Reasoning== ===Question 1=== IDENTIFY This is a Conclusion question. * [[w:en:Labour productivity|Labor productivity]] READ The economist discusses how efforts to increase productivity can be counterproductive. He says "But not all efforts to increase productivity are beneficial to the business as a whole." ANALYZE (A) Incorrect. This response goes too far. It sounds quite ambitious and makes an unwarranted claim that the action cannot be good for the business. (B) '''Correct.''' Good because the passage supports this claim. Some measures, as mentioned in the passage, are decreasing the number of employees. It fails to benefit the business beccause it affects the morale. (C) Incorrect. Nothing in the passage discusses the ownership issue. This is certainly plausible but not supported by the passage at all. Watch out for this kind of sound-good responses. (D) Incorrect. This is a sweeping claim and not supported by the passage. This claim sounds not right because not all businesses try to boost productivity as in the communist countries. (E) Incorrect. This is one of the premises but not the main conclusion. The economist uses this fact as the evidence to conclude what was said in response (B). CHOOSE This is an easy question to start with. Choose (B) and move on. ===Question 2=== IDENTIFY This is a Parallel reasoning question. The question discusses the types of dog so it helps a bit if you are familiar with them. They also appeared in the logic games section so review them. The question is lengthy but not very challenging. * [[w:en:Labrador Retriever|Labrador Retriever]] * [[w:en:St. Bernard (dog)|Saint Bernard]] * [[w:en:dog|dog]] READ The passage introduces a logic. While reading and understanding the logical structure, identify the flaw. ANALYZE All L bark a lot. All S bark little. R are L + S. Therefore, R bark moderately. The flaw is that 1 plus 0 is not necessarily 0.5. CHOOSE (A) Incorrect. This one is flawed but does not parallel the relationship mentioned in question 2. Why? Because in the passage, R is a mix between L and S, meaning that R is produced by physically integrating two different things. Moreover, the second sentence says "some student" instead of "all". Jane is not. If this choice to be true, it has to be like this. All students in the Dumbledore clan make good grades. All students in the Gaunt clan make poor grades. Jane's father is from Dumbledore's and mother is from Gaunt's. Therefore, Jane makes somewhat good grades. (B) '''Correct.''' This response parallels the stated relationship well. (C) Incorrect. The conclusion is different. While Rosa's dogs have the averaged attribute of the two, the Perry family have both without compromise. If this choice were to become true, it has to be like this: All students at Hanson School live in Green County. All students at Edwards School live in Winn Country. The joint summer program of Hanson and Edwards Schools draw an equal number of students from two schools only. Perry who is in the summer program live in Gwrienn Country which is between Green and Winn Country. This passage is still not as strong as the response (B) however. (D) Incorrect. Bob is a member of both distinct groups- transcriptionists and engineers. Bob's skills are not diminished by his dual membership as it was the case for barking. Transcription and engineering do not have the opposite relationship as is in barking frequently and infrequently. (E) Incorrect. Wrong. Below is an improved version. All of Kenisha's dresses are very well made. All of Connie's dresses are very badly made. Conisha's dresses, which copied the style of Kenisha's and Connie's and made of the exact same fabrics as those two, are of average quality. ===Question 3=== IDENTIFY This is a Conclusion question. READ Remember the [[w:en:Millennium|millennium]]? This discusses the people's attitude towar the century's end. ANALYZE Draw a conclusion that best conmpletes the passage. The passage introduces an analogy that people near the end of their life often spend time looking back on the old events. Then it suggests that it would be similar- "century ... is like a life" from the century's end. CHOOSE (A) Incorrect. Consider this analogy- Century : Life :: end of century : end of life. If you further extend this analogy it becomes- end of life : look back on the events of their lives :: end of century : look back on the events of the century. (B) Incorrect. Nowhere it is implied that they fear something. (C) Incorrect. Some attractive but remember the passage did not say that people look forward to what the afterlife will bring when they die. '''(D) Correct.''' Bingo. It fits perfectly with the analogy. (E) Incorrect. This is too specific. ===Question 4=== * [http://www.consumerreports.org Consumer Report] (Stim Breakdown) One report implies that Company A meals are without nutritional value. But the report given by company B, company A's biggest competitor approved the report. Because of the obvious biasness Company A meals are not really nutritious. (Explanation) The apparent flaw in this argument is that the author assumes that just because of the bias nature of the situation then obviously the polar opposite is true - un-nutritional to nutritional. You can not assume this to be true because their is a possibility that it is un nutritious. Also the author cant base his argument solely on the representation of Company B's obvious bias motivation. Therefore, the correct answer is '''A''' ===Question 5=== * [[w:en:global warming|global warming]] Conclusion from stimulus: GW is primarily the result of minor gases. Cause: Minor gases Effect: Global warming Which answer choice WEAKENS the scientist? A) The stimulus does not mention industrial pollution as the cause of minor gas build-up. B) CORRECT This answer negates the causation, because the effect (warming) preceded the presumed cause (minor gas build-up) C) Certain years warmer than others does not affect the causation. It does not state that the sun's effect was any different than past centuries. D) Volcanic dust reflecting warmth does not deal with either cause or effect. E) This actually supports the conclusion. ===Question 6=== This is an Assumption question, which asks which answer choice is sufficient enough to make the conclusion valid. Premise 1: Undergrad degree AND no felony conviction are required to be on the executive board. EB --> UG + <s>felony</s> Premise 2: Murray has degree but he has a conviction. Conclusion: Murray can NOT be an Executive Administrator. ANALYSIS: The premises involve a jump in logic, they describe the requirements for the Executive Board, but NOT for the position of Executive Administrator. The correct answer choice will remedy this jump. A) Discusses requirements for the Board, not Exec Administrator. B)CORRECT This applies the criteria for the EB to the position of EA, which disqualifies poor Murray and makes the conclusion valid. EB --> UG + <s>felony</s> Contrapositive: felony or <s>UG</s> --> <s>EB</s> EA --> EB Contrapositive: <s>EB</s> --> <s>EA</s> M --> felony Therefore: M --> felony --> <s>EB</s> --> <s>EA</s> C) This does not apply to Murray, he has an UG degree. D) Does not make conclusion valid. <s>felony</s> --> eligible for EA E) This does not address the assumption needed. ===Question 7=== [[w:en:ethics|ethics]] Advanced Moral Motivation (AMM) --> abstract principles (AP) + <s>calculated self-interest (CSI)</s> + <s>social norms (SM)</s> Contrapositive: <s> AP</s> or CSI or SM --> <s>AMM</s> Which person shows advanced moral motivation? A) Bobby adhered to social norms. B) Wes is self-interested. C) Donna is self-interested. D) CORRECT Jadine has principles and no CSI or SM. E) Leigh is conforming to social norms. ===Question 8=== [[w:en:electric car|electric car]] Must Be True question. Proponents: When tech problems are gone, electric cars will be popular and will halt all environmental impact by cars. Author: Electric power sources will produce considerable environmental damage. A) CORRECT Impact '''may''' be greater than proponents believe. Low threshold for this to be true, supported by the passage. B) Not supported by passage, author is discussing environmental impact, NOT popularity. C) Not supported by passage, the author is not discussing this. D) Not supported by passage, author does not provide premises to support such a strong conclusion. E) Not supported by passage, author does not provide premises to support such a strong conclusion. ===Question 9=== [[w:en:video game|video game]] Premise 1: Video game sales have gone up in last 3 years. Premise 2: Since the dawn of time, 13-16 year-olds have purchased 75% of games. Premise 3: 13-16 demographic will shrink in next 10 years. Conclusion: Video game sales will NOT continue to increase. Which answer choice weakens conclusion? A) Strengthens B) Rentals are not relevant to discussion. C) Unrelated to the topic, and strengthens the conclusion. D) No impact on conclusion E) CORRECT This qualifies premise 2 and presents new information that may suggest that the increase was from people over 16 purchasing video games. ===Question 10=== [[w:en:Blind experiment|blind experiment]] Conclusion? It is in the first sentence, all other statements support this conclusion. B) CORRECT ===Question 11=== Role question. Quote provides an example of change that did not negatively impact the human minds. Correct: C ===Question 12=== Parallel Question Principle A: Keep a promise Principle B: Answer questions truthfully Mantra: Principle A and Principle B are both expected, but you can not do one without violating the other. A)CORRECT Principle A: say whatever we want Principle B: be civil You can not do one without violating the other. B) No two principles C) Two options, each with undesirable consequences. These are not conflicting principles. D) Two if/then statements, no principles in conflict. E) Describes considerations when extending business hours. They come to a conclusion, not an irreconcilable impasse. ===Question 13=== Assumption question: Answer needs to be '''necessary''' to make conclusion valid. Premise 1: Aluminum soft-drinks all have same amount of aluminum. Premise 2: 50% of Al in M came from L Premise 3: All of L was recycled into M Premise 4: Basically nothing but Al in cans Conclusion: M has twice as many cans as L Look for answer choices where if you negate it, the conclusion is no longer valid. A) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (M can be recycled more does not negate conclusion) B) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (Recycled Al is higher quality does not negate conclusion) C) CORRECT Premise: All Al is recovered in recycling. If this was negated, the conclusion would be false. Ex. if L had 100 cans, but only 20% could be recovered, then M would have 40 cans. This negates the conclusion. D) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (All of group L comes from recycled cans does not negate conclusion) E) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (Al cans are harder to recycle does not negate the conclusion) ===Question 14=== ===Question 15=== Assumption: This answer needs to be '''sufficient''' to make the conclusion true. Premise 1: High risk = 65+ or chronic disease Premise 2: Each year vaccine is ONLY against flu strain expected to be most prevalent Conclusion: Every year high risk people get vaccinated against a different flu strain. The missing information is why is it for a different flu strain? Premises only support the one most expected to be prevalent. A) high risk category does not satisfy the gap in reasoning B) likelihood of epidemic does not fill the gap in reasoning. C) the limits of the vaccine does not fill the gap in reasoning. D) CORRECT This answer choice fills the logical gap and necessitates that each vaccine is DIFFERENT. E) side effects are irrelevant to the passage. ===Question 16=== Taylor: exact claims could NEVER be established by science Sandra: some science can achieve precise results Correct: D ===Question 17=== Stimulus: Computer experts said the MOST significant threat (of any possible threat, even nuclear meltdown, famine, invasion by a rat army) is unauthorized access to confidential data. Computer experts are not qualified to determine the MOST significant threat of all potential threats in the universe. This is why their expertise is not broad enough to support the claim. Correct: B ===Question 18=== Argument claims that there is nothing that brings more recognition to modern science than to overthrow conventional wisdom to scientists. We know that scientists are thus skeptical of the theory behind global warming; why? Well because they want some kind of recognition. (B) Their motivation is recognition. Thus, they want to find some kind of evidence that overthrows global warming hypothesis. ===Question 19=== ===Question 20=== Describe Munoz: SW Hopeville Neighbors Association oppose water system, therefore the whole town doesn't want it. Gamba: Only 25 people were in that vote, and 15 opposed vs 10 support. We shouldn't base the whole town's opinion on that. Gamba's argument attempts to cast doubt on Munoz's evidence. E) Correct ===Question 21=== Friends tell driver he may wreck his sports car because he drives recklessly. Driver reads report that minivans have lower accident rates. Driver thinks he may trade in his sports car for a minivan to minimize risk of accident. What is the flaw? A) CORRECT Correlation does not equal causation. If driver still drives like an asshole, having a minivan probably won't change his risk of accident. B) We don't know the sample size and thus can't pass judgement on sample size. C) Driver doesn't make this mistake, he consistently refers to his "risk" and not in absolutes. D) There are no necessary/sufficient conditions discussed, only a correlation and causation. E) We don't know about the sources. ===Question 22=== Causes: News doesn't cover local politics AND local politics is secretive Effect: Reduce the chance an act of participation will get a positive official response. Which is most true? A) Only addresses one of the causes. B) Author did not present their opinion. C) We don't know if it's the most important factor D) CORRECT This would eliminate AL LEAST ONE cause. E) This reverses cause and effect. ===Question 23=== Assumption Question: Which answer is '''sufficient''' to allow the conclusion to be true. Premise 1 Increase well-being --> Morally right Premise 2 Decrease well-being --> Morally wrong Conclusion: Unchanged well-being --> Morally right We can recognize the jump in logic, because premise 1 said only that which increases well-being is morally right. The answer needs to expand the definition of morally right actions. A) Does not expand morally right B) This excludes the possibility that things can be neutral. Does not expand morally right. C) CORRECT This creates a condition that expands what is "morally right" and allows the conclusion to be correctly drawn. D) Does not expand morally right E) Does not help reconcile the jump in logic ===Question 24=== ===Question 25=== ===Question 25=== [[w:en:Impressionism|impressionism]] ==Section III Logical Reasoning== ===Question 3=== * [[w:en:Marc Quinn|Marc Quinn]] * [[w:en:John E. Sulston|Sir John Sulston]] * [http://www.ncl.ac.uk/hatton/programme/2002/portraitimagelinks/Quinn.htm Sir John Sulston's Portrait] ===Question 5=== * entomology * ant ===Question 9=== * Tasmanian tiger ===Question 11=== * [[w:en:Mercury poisoning|Mercury poisoning]] ===Question 13=== * [[w:en:Psychotherapy|Psychotherapy]] ===Question 14=== * [[w:en:open source software|open source software]] ===Question 25=== * [[w:en:Australopithecus afarensis|australopithecus afarensis]] The experimental (unscored) section appeared in the same place for nearly all test takers. Section 3 was experimental on most forms, but Section 2 was experimental on some. The June LSAT had a total of 100 scored questions— 23 in Games, 25 in each Arguments section, and 27 in Reading Comprehension. Games - 23 questions Overall, test takers rated the June Games section as similar in difficulty to the December 2006 Games section. Most test takers classified the first game as easy and the next three as medium. Though there was no killer game, figuring out the best setup took time on several of the games. Passage Topic Test Takers' Rankings Passage One Arts/Humanities easy Passage Two Science (Comparative) medium Passage Three Law medium-difficult Passage Four Social Science medium-difficult {{BookCat}} 3dcncp5meq8e8t829t9wd8lxh4kpd82 4641013 4641012 2026-06-23T16:23:52Z WereSpielChequers 248949 c/e 4641013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June 2007 Form 8LSN75''' * [http://www.lsac.org/pdfs/2007-2008/SamplePTJune07.pdf June 2007 Exam PDF from LSAC] ==Section II Logical Reasoning== ===Question 1=== IDENTIFY This is a Conclusion question. * [[w:en:Labour productivity|Labor productivity]] READ The economist discusses how efforts to increase productivity can be counterproductive. He says "But not all efforts to increase productivity are beneficial to the business as a whole." ANALYZE (A) Incorrect. This response goes too far. It sounds quite ambitious and makes an unwarranted claim that the action cannot be good for the business. (B) '''Correct.''' Good because the passage supports this claim. Some measures, as mentioned in the passage, are decreasing the number of employees. It fails to benefit the business because it affects the morale. (C) Incorrect. Nothing in the passage discusses the ownership issue. This is certainly plausible but not supported by the passage at all. Watch out for this kind of sound-good responses. (D) Incorrect. This is a sweeping claim and not supported by the passage. This claim sounds not right because not all businesses try to boost productivity as in the communist countries. (E) Incorrect. This is one of the premises but not the main conclusion. The economist uses this fact as the evidence to conclude what was said in response (B). CHOOSE This is an easy question to start with. Choose (B) and move on. ===Question 2=== IDENTIFY This is a Parallel reasoning question. The question discusses the types of dog so it helps a bit if you are familiar with them. They also appeared in the logic games section so review them. The question is lengthy but not very challenging. * [[w:en:Labrador Retriever|Labrador Retriever]] * [[w:en:St. Bernard (dog)|Saint Bernard]] * [[w:en:dog|dog]] READ The passage introduces a logic. While reading and understanding the logical structure, identify the flaw. ANALYZE All L bark a lot. All S bark little. R are L + S. Therefore, R bark moderately. The flaw is that 1 plus 0 is not necessarily 0.5. CHOOSE (A) Incorrect. This one is flawed but does not parallel the relationship mentioned in question 2. Why? Because in the passage, R is a mix between L and S, meaning that R is produced by physically integrating two different things. Moreover, the second sentence says "some student" instead of "all". Jane is not. If this choice to be true, it has to be like this. All students in the Dumbledore clan make good grades. All students in the Gaunt clan make poor grades. Jane's father is from Dumbledore's and mother is from Gaunt's. Therefore, Jane makes somewhat good grades. (B) '''Correct.''' This response parallels the stated relationship well. (C) Incorrect. The conclusion is different. While Rosa's dogs have the averaged attribute of the two, the Perry family have both without compromise. If this choice were to become true, it has to be like this: All students at Hanson School live in Green County. All students at Edwards School live in Winn Country. The joint summer program of Hanson and Edwards Schools draw an equal number of students from two schools only. Perry who is in the summer program live in Gwrienn Country which is between Green and Winn Country. This passage is still not as strong as the response (B) however. (D) Incorrect. Bob is a member of both distinct groups- transcriptionists and engineers. Bob's skills are not diminished by his dual membership as it was the case for barking. Transcription and engineering do not have the opposite relationship as is in barking frequently and infrequently. (E) Incorrect. Wrong. Below is an improved version. All of Kenisha's dresses are very well made. All of Connie's dresses are very badly made. Conisha's dresses, which copied the style of Kenisha's and Connie's and made of the exact same fabrics as those two, are of average quality. ===Question 3=== IDENTIFY This is a Conclusion question. READ Remember the [[w:en:Millennium|millennium]]? This discusses the people's attitude towar the century's end. ANALYZE Draw a conclusion that best completes the passage. The passage introduces an analogy that people near the end of their life often spend time looking back on the old events. Then it suggests that it would be similar- "century ... is like a life" from the century's end. CHOOSE (A) Incorrect. Consider this analogy- Century : Life :: end of century : end of life. If you further extend this analogy it becomes- end of life : look back on the events of their lives :: end of century : look back on the events of the century. (B) Incorrect. Nowhere it is implied that they fear something. (C) Incorrect. Some attractive but remember the passage did not say that people look forward to what the afterlife will bring when they die. '''(D) Correct.''' Bingo. It fits perfectly with the analogy. (E) Incorrect. This is too specific. ===Question 4=== * [http://www.consumerreports.org Consumer Report] (Stim Breakdown) One report implies that Company A meals are without nutritional value. But the report given by company B, company A's biggest competitor approved the report. Because of the obvious biasness Company A meals are not really nutritious. (Explanation) The apparent flaw in this argument is that the author assumes that just because of the bias nature of the situation then obviously the polar opposite is true - un-nutritional to nutritional. You can not assume this to be true because their is a possibility that it is un nutritious. Also the author cant base his argument solely on the representation of Company B's obvious bias motivation. Therefore, the correct answer is '''A''' ===Question 5=== * [[w:en:global warming|global warming]] Conclusion from stimulus: GW is primarily the result of minor gases. Cause: Minor gases Effect: Global warming Which answer choice WEAKENS the scientist? A) The stimulus does not mention industrial pollution as the cause of minor gas build-up. B) CORRECT This answer negates the causation, because the effect (warming) preceded the presumed cause (minor gas build-up) C) Certain years warmer than others does not affect the causation. It does not state that the sun's effect was any different than past centuries. D) Volcanic dust reflecting warmth does not deal with either cause or effect. E) This actually supports the conclusion. ===Question 6=== This is an Assumption question, which asks which answer choice is sufficient enough to make the conclusion valid. Premise 1: Undergrad degree AND no felony conviction are required to be on the executive board. EB --> UG + <s>felony</s> Premise 2: Murray has degree but he has a conviction. Conclusion: Murray can NOT be an Executive Administrator. ANALYSIS: The premises involve a jump in logic, they describe the requirements for the Executive Board, but NOT for the position of Executive Administrator. The correct answer choice will remedy this jump. A) Discusses requirements for the Board, not Exec Administrator. B)CORRECT This applies the criteria for the EB to the position of EA, which disqualifies poor Murray and makes the conclusion valid. EB --> UG + <s>felony</s> Contrapositive: felony or <s>UG</s> --> <s>EB</s> EA --> EB Contrapositive: <s>EB</s> --> <s>EA</s> M --> felony Therefore: M --> felony --> <s>EB</s> --> <s>EA</s> C) This does not apply to Murray, he has an UG degree. D) Does not make conclusion valid. <s>felony</s> --> eligible for EA E) This does not address the assumption needed. ===Question 7=== [[w:en:ethics|ethics]] Advanced Moral Motivation (AMM) --> abstract principles (AP) + <s>calculated self-interest (CSI)</s> + <s>social norms (SM)</s> Contrapositive: <s> AP</s> or CSI or SM --> <s>AMM</s> Which person shows advanced moral motivation? A) Bobby adhered to social norms. B) Wes is self-interested. C) Donna is self-interested. D) CORRECT Jadine has principles and no CSI or SM. E) Leigh is conforming to social norms. ===Question 8=== [[w:en:electric car|electric car]] Must Be True question. Proponents: When tech problems are gone, electric cars will be popular and will halt all environmental impact by cars. Author: Electric power sources will produce considerable environmental damage. A) CORRECT Impact '''may''' be greater than proponents believe. Low threshold for this to be true, supported by the passage. B) Not supported by passage, author is discussing environmental impact, NOT popularity. C) Not supported by passage, the author is not discussing this. D) Not supported by passage, author does not provide premises to support such a strong conclusion. E) Not supported by passage, author does not provide premises to support such a strong conclusion. ===Question 9=== [[w:en:video game|video game]] Premise 1: Video game sales have gone up in last 3 years. Premise 2: Since the dawn of time, 13-16 year-olds have purchased 75% of games. Premise 3: 13-16 demographic will shrink in next 10 years. Conclusion: Video game sales will NOT continue to increase. Which answer choice weakens conclusion? A) Strengthens B) Rentals are not relevant to discussion. C) Unrelated to the topic, and strengthens the conclusion. D) No impact on conclusion E) CORRECT This qualifies premise 2 and presents new information that may suggest that the increase was from people over 16 purchasing video games. ===Question 10=== [[w:en:Blind experiment|blind experiment]] Conclusion? It is in the first sentence, all other statements support this conclusion. B) CORRECT ===Question 11=== Role question. Quote provides an example of change that did not negatively impact the human minds. Correct: C ===Question 12=== Parallel Question Principle A: Keep a promise Principle B: Answer questions truthfully Mantra: Principle A and Principle B are both expected, but you can not do one without violating the other. A)CORRECT Principle A: say whatever we want Principle B: be civil You can not do one without violating the other. B) No two principles C) Two options, each with undesirable consequences. These are not conflicting principles. D) Two if/then statements, no principles in conflict. E) Describes considerations when extending business hours. They come to a conclusion, not an irreconcilable impasse. ===Question 13=== Assumption question: Answer needs to be '''necessary''' to make conclusion valid. Premise 1: Aluminum soft-drinks all have same amount of aluminum. Premise 2: 50% of Al in M came from L Premise 3: All of L was recycled into M Premise 4: Basically nothing but Al in cans Conclusion: M has twice as many cans as L Look for answer choices where if you negate it, the conclusion is no longer valid. A) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (M can be recycled more does not negate conclusion) B) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (Recycled Al is higher quality does not negate conclusion) C) CORRECT Premise: All Al is recovered in recycling. If this was negated, the conclusion would be false. Ex. if L had 100 cans, but only 20% could be recovered, then M would have 40 cans. This negates the conclusion. D) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (All of group L comes from recycled cans does not negate conclusion) E) Negation does not impact the conclusion. (Al cans are harder to recycle does not negate the conclusion) ===Question 14=== ===Question 15=== Assumption: This answer needs to be '''sufficient''' to make the conclusion true. Premise 1: High risk = 65+ or chronic disease Premise 2: Each year vaccine is ONLY against flu strain expected to be most prevalent Conclusion: Every year high risk people get vaccinated against a different flu strain. The missing information is why is it for a different flu strain? Premises only support the one most expected to be prevalent. A) high risk category does not satisfy the gap in reasoning B) likelihood of epidemic does not fill the gap in reasoning. C) the limits of the vaccine does not fill the gap in reasoning. D) CORRECT This answer choice fills the logical gap and necessitates that each vaccine is DIFFERENT. E) side effects are irrelevant to the passage. ===Question 16=== Taylor: exact claims could NEVER be established by science Sandra: some science can achieve precise results Correct: D ===Question 17=== Stimulus: Computer experts said the MOST significant threat (of any possible threat, even nuclear meltdown, famine, invasion by a rat army) is unauthorized access to confidential data. Computer experts are not qualified to determine the MOST significant threat of all potential threats in the universe. This is why their expertise is not broad enough to support the claim. Correct: B ===Question 18=== Argument claims that there is nothing that brings more recognition to modern science than to overthrow conventional wisdom to scientists. We know that scientists are thus skeptical of the theory behind global warming; why? Well because they want some kind of recognition. (B) Their motivation is recognition. Thus, they want to find some kind of evidence that overthrows global warming hypothesis. ===Question 19=== ===Question 20=== Describe Munoz: SW Hopeville Neighbors Association oppose water system, therefore the whole town doesn't want it. Gamba: Only 25 people were in that vote, and 15 opposed vs 10 support. We shouldn't base the whole town's opinion on that. Gamba's argument attempts to cast doubt on Munoz's evidence. E) Correct ===Question 21=== Friends tell driver he may wreck his sports car because he drives recklessly. Driver reads report that minivans have lower accident rates. Driver thinks he may trade in his sports car for a minivan to minimize risk of accident. What is the flaw? A) CORRECT Correlation does not equal causation. If driver still drives like an asshole, having a minivan probably won't change his risk of accident. B) We don't know the sample size and thus can't pass judgement on sample size. C) Driver doesn't make this mistake, he consistently refers to his "risk" and not in absolutes. D) There are no necessary/sufficient conditions discussed, only a correlation and causation. E) We don't know about the sources. ===Question 22=== Causes: News doesn't cover local politics AND local politics is secretive Effect: Reduce the chance an act of participation will get a positive official response. Which is most true? A) Only addresses one of the causes. B) Author did not present their opinion. C) We don't know if it's the most important factor D) CORRECT This would eliminate AL LEAST ONE cause. E) This reverses cause and effect. ===Question 23=== Assumption Question: Which answer is '''sufficient''' to allow the conclusion to be true. Premise 1 Increase well-being --> Morally right Premise 2 Decrease well-being --> Morally wrong Conclusion: Unchanged well-being --> Morally right We can recognize the jump in logic, because premise 1 said only that which increases well-being is morally right. The answer needs to expand the definition of morally right actions. A) Does not expand morally right B) This excludes the possibility that things can be neutral. Does not expand morally right. C) CORRECT This creates a condition that expands what is "morally right" and allows the conclusion to be correctly drawn. D) Does not expand morally right E) Does not help reconcile the jump in logic ===Question 24=== ===Question 25=== ===Question 25=== [[w:en:Impressionism|impressionism]] ==Section III Logical Reasoning== ===Question 3=== * [[w:en:Marc Quinn|Marc Quinn]] * [[w:en:John E. Sulston|Sir John Sulston]] * [http://www.ncl.ac.uk/hatton/programme/2002/portraitimagelinks/Quinn.htm Sir John Sulston's Portrait] ===Question 5=== * entomology * ant ===Question 9=== * Tasmanian tiger ===Question 11=== * [[w:en:Mercury poisoning|Mercury poisoning]] ===Question 13=== * [[w:en:Psychotherapy|Psychotherapy]] ===Question 14=== * [[w:en:open source software|open source software]] ===Question 25=== * [[w:en:Australopithecus afarensis|australopithecus afarensis]] The experimental (unscored) section appeared in the same place for nearly all test takers. Section 3 was experimental on most forms, but Section 2 was experimental on some. The June LSAT had a total of 100 scored questions— 23 in Games, 25 in each Arguments section, and 27 in Reading Comprehension. Games - 23 questions Overall, test takers rated the June Games section as similar in difficulty to the December 2006 Games section. Most test takers classified the first game as easy and the next three as medium. Though there was no killer game, figuring out the best setup took time on several of the games. Passage Topic Test Takers' Rankings Passage One Arts/Humanities easy Passage Two Science (Comparative) medium Passage Three Law medium-difficult Passage Four Social Science medium-difficult {{BookCat}} jyv8d4ptj1y7eilp306ouwf4z6indu1 4 140081 4641058 4640930 2026-06-24T08:10:25Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 14 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/June]] 4641058 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}} {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s |algo = old(14d) |counter = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 }} {{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].<br />''Please do not post those requests here!''}} {{Clear}} Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''. 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[[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:12, 11 June 2026 (UTC) == Nsysgroup reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Nsysgroup}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Nsysgroup/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:36, 11 June 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 13 June 2026 (UTC) == "Smithjack123" reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|"Smithjack123"}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/"Smithjack123"/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 15 June 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:02, 15 June 2026 (UTC) == RS-Top SEO Services reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|RS-Top SEO Services}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/RS-Top SEO Services/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:15, 17 June 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:30, 17 June 2026 (UTC) == Acemq7 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Acemq7}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Acemq7/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 22:27, 17 June 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 June 2026 (UTC) == Hcrobotics2026 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Hcrobotics2026}} Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312962]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/Hcrobotics2026/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:10, 21 June 2026 (UTC) == Templebhard reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|Templebhard}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/Templebhard/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:06, 22 June 2026 (UTC) r0tczdypzmz369cflwr0whhnzh0gxqz 10 153273 4641007 4637484 2026-06-23T16:06:42Z Dayshade 3020041 mieses-kotrc is an error - it's actually 2...Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5 4.b4 4641007 wikitext text/x-wiki <br clear="all" /> <div style="display:grid;border: 1px #ddd solid;padding:5px;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);filter:drop-shadow(0.2em 0.2em 0.1em #ccc);"><!--Outer box--> <div style="background-color:darkslategrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; color:white; padding-right: 0.5em;margin-bottom:0.2em;"><!--Box header--> <div style="float: left; text-align: left; margin-left: 0.5em; font-size: 88%;font-variant:small-caps;font-weight:normal;">[[Template:Chess Opening Theory/Footer|v]] · [[Template talk:Chess Opening Theory/Footer|t]] · <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Chess_Opening_Theory/Footer&action=edit e]</span></div><!--Edit buttons--> Chess Opening Theory<!--Title--></div> {{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5|e5]] <br>Open games |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3|2. Nf3]] |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6|2...Nc6]] |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|3. Bb5]] <br>Spanish |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6|Berlin]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. d3|Anti-Berlin]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. O-O/4...Bc5|Beverwijk]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. O-O/4...Nxe4/5. d4/5...Nd6|L'Hermet]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nf6/4. O-O/4...Nxe4/5. d4/5...Nd6/6. Bxc6/6...dxc6/7. dxe5/7...Nf5/8. Qxd8/8...Kxd8|Berlin Wall]] }} }}{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6|Morphy]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Bxc6|Exchange]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7|Closed]] → {{hlist|class=inline|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7/6. Re1/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...O-O/8. c3/8...d5|Marshall]]|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7/6. Re1/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...d6/8. c3/8...O-O/9. h3/9...Na5|Chigorin]]|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Be7/6. Re1/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...d6/8. c3/8...O-O/9. h3/9...Bb7|Flohr]]}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Nxe4|Open]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...b5/6. Bb3/6...Bb7|Arkhangelsk]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. d3|Anderssen]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. d4|Mackenzie]] }} }}{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nd4|Bird]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Bc5|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...Nge7|Cozio]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...d6|Old Steinitz]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...f5|Schliemann]] }} <!-- end Spanish --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4|3. Bc4]] <br>Italian |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5|Giuoco Piano]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. b4|Evans gambit]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. d3|Giuoco pianissimo]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. d4|Rosentreter]] | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Bc5/4. Bxf7|Jerome]] {{Chess/eval|??}}</small> }} }}{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6|Two knights defence]] → {{hlist |class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. d4|Open]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5|Knight attack]] → {{hlist| class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nxd5/6. Nxf7|Fried liver]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Na5|Polerio]] }} }} }} <small>{{hlist|[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...h6|Anti-fried liver]] {{chess/eval|?!}}| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nd4|Blackburne shilling]] {{chess/eval|?}} }}</small> <!-- end Italian --> | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3|3. Nc3]] <br>Three knights |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6|Four knights]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. g3|Glek]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Bc4|Italian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. d4|Scotch]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. d4/4...exd4/5. Nd5|Belgrade]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Bb5|Spanish]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nd5|Naroditsky]] {{chess/eval|!?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nxe5|Halloween]] {{chess/eval|?!}} }} }} {{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...g6|Steinitz]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Bb4/4. Nd5/4...Nf6|Schlechter]] }}<!-- end 3-4 N --> |''Other'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. c3|Ponziani]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4|Scotch game]] | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. g3|Konstantinopolsky]] {{Chess/eval|!?}}</small>}} }} <!-- end 2. Nf3 Nc6 other bucket --> | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6|2...Nf6]] <br>Russian |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...d6/4. Nf3/4...Nxe4/5. d4|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...Nxe4/4. Qe2/4...Qe7|Kholmov]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. d4|Modern]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4/4. Nc3|Boden-Kieseritzky]] {{chess/eval|!?}} | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...Nc6|Stafford]] {{chess/eval|?}}</small> | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...Nxe4/4. Qe2/4...Nf6|Damiano trap]] {{chess/eval|??}}</small> }}<!-- end Russian --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6|2...d6]] <br>Philidor |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...exd4|Exchange]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...f5|Philidor countergambit]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...Nf6|Nimzowitsch]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...Nd7|Hanham]] }}<!-- end Philidor --> |''Other'' |<small>{{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Bc5|Busch-Gass gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d5|Elephant gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Qf6|Greco defence]] {{Chess/eval|?!}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...f5|Latvian gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...f6|Damiano defence]] {{Chess/eval|??}} }}</small><!-- end 2. Nf3 other --> }}<!-- end 2. Nf3 bucket --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4|2. f4]] <br>King's gambit |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4|2...exf4]] <br>Accepted |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3|King's knight]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. h4/4...g4/5. Ne5|Kieseritzky]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...Nf6|Schallop]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...d5|Modern]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...d6|Fischer]] | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. Bc4/4...g4/5. Bxf7|Lolli]] {{chess/eval|?}}</small> | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Nf3/3...g5/4. Bc4/4...g4/5. O-O|Muzio]] {{Chess/eval|?}}</small> }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Bc4|Bishop's]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...exf4/3. Bc4/3...Nf6|Cozio]] }} }}<!-- end KGA --> |''Other'' <br>Declined |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...Bc5|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...Nc6|Queen's knight]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. f4/2...d5|Falkbeer]] }}<!-- end KGD --> }}<!-- end king's gambit --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3|2. Nc3]] <br>Vienna |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6|Falkbeer]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/2. g3|Mieses]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4|Stanley]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bc4/3...Nxe4|Frankenstein-Dracula]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. f4|Vienna gambit]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6|Max Lange]] }}<!-- end Vienna --> |''Other'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4|Bishop's opening]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4/2...Nf6|Berlin]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4/2...Bc5|Boi]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4|Centre game]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4/2...exd4/3. c3|Danish]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d3|Leonardis]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Qh5|Parham]] {{chess/eval|?!}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bb5|Portuguese]] {{chess/eval|?!}} | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Ke2|Bongcloud]] {{chess/eval|?}}</small> }}<!-- end other --> }}<!-- end open games bucket --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5|c5]] <br>Sicilian |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3|2. Nf3]] |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6|2...Nc6]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4|3. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4|cxd4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4|4. Nxd4]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...g6|Accelerated dragon]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...g6/5. c4|Maróczy bind]]}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...d6|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Qb6|Godiva]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...e5/5. Nb5/5...d6|Kalashnikov]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5._Nc3/5...e5|Sveshnikov]] }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6|2...Nc6]] ''other'' | {{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|Rossolimo]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. c3|Delayed Alapin]] }}<!-- end Nc6 sicilians --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6|2...d6]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4|3. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4|cxd4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4|4. Nxd4]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5._Nc3/5...g6|Dragon]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. f4|Levenfish attack]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3| Yugoslav attack]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...g6/6. Be3/6...Bg7/7. f3/7...a6|Dragondorf]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Bd7|Kupreichik]] |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6|Najdorf]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6/6. Bg5|6. Bg5]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6/6. Be3|English attack]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...a6/6. Be2|Opocensky]]}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6/3._d4/3...cxd4/4._Nxd4/4...Nf6/5._Nc3/5...e6|Scheveningen]] }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3/2...d6|2...d6]] ''other'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. Bb5|Moscow]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Qxd4|Chekhover]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. c3|Delayed Alapin]] }}<!-- end d6 sicilians --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6|2...e6]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4|3. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4|cxd4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4|4. Nxd4]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6|French, Normal]] {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Nf6/6. Ndb5/6...Bb4/7. Nd6+|American attack]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Nf6|Four knights]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6/5. Nc3/5...Bb4|Pin]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...a6|Kan]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Qb6|Kveinis]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Bc5|Paulsen-Basman]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6|Taimanov]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Qc7|Bastrikov]] → <small>{{hlist |class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nc3/5...Qc7/6. Be3|English attack]]}}</small> | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nb5|Szén]] → <small>{{hlist |class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6/5. Nb5/5...d6/6. c4/6...Nf6/7. N1c3/7...a6/8. Na3/8...d5|Garry Gambit]]}}</small> }} }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6|2...e6]] ''other'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. c4|Kramnik]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. c3|Delayed Alapin]] }}<!-- end e6 sicilians --> |''Others'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...g6|Hyper-accelerated dragon]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...b6|Katalymov]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6|Nimzowitsch]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...a6|O'Kelly]] }}<!-- end open sicilians --> }} |''Anti-Sicilians'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. c3|Alapin]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Bc4|Bowdler]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3|Closed Sicilian]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...d6/3. d4|Carlsen]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6/3. f4|Grand Prix]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nc3/2...Nc6/3. g3|Fianchetto]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. f4|McDonnell]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. a3|Mengarini]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. d4|Smith-Morra]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. b3|Snyder]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. c4|Staunton-Cochrane]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. b4|Wing gambit]] }}<!-- end antisicilians sicilians --> }}<!-- end sicilian bucket --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6|e6]] <br>French |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5|Advance]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nc3/3...Nf6|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5|Exchange]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nd2|Tarrasch]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nc3/3...dxe4|Rubinstein]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e6/2. d4/2...d5/3. Nc3/3...Bb4|Winawer]] }}<!-- end french --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6|c6]] <br>Caro-Kann |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. c4|Accelerated Panov]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5|Advance]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5/3...Bf5/4. Nf3|Short]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. e5/3...Bf5/4. Nc3|van der Wiel]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. exd5|Exchange]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. Nc3/2...d5/3. Nf3|Two knights]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. d4/2...d5/3. f3|Fantasy]] | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c6/2. Bc4|Hillbilly]] {{Chess/eval|?!}}</small> }}<!-- end caro-kann --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4|1. e4]] ''other'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6|Alekhine]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...c6|Czech]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...g6|Modern]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nc6|Nimzowitsch]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...b6|Owen's]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6|Pirc]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...Nbd7|Lion]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...g6/4. f4|Austrian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6/2. d4/2...Nf6/3. Nc3/3...g6/4. Be3/4...c6/5. Qd2|150]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5|Scandinavian]] → {{hlist|class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Qxd5|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Nf6|Modern]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...c6|Blackburne-Kloosterbooer gambit]] {{Chess/eval|!?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. Nf3|Tennison gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?!}}}} }}<small>{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...f6|Barnes]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...g5|Borg]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...a5|Corn stalk]] {{Chess/eval|??}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...f5|Duras]] {{Chess/eval|??}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...b5|1...b5]] {{Chess/eval|??}} }}</small><!-- end 1. e4 other --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5|d5]] <br>Closed games |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4|2. c4]] <br>Queen's gambit |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e5|Albin countergambit]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...c5|Austrian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...Nc6|Chigorin]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...Nf6|Marshall]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...dxc4|Queen's gambit accepted]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6|Queen's gambit declined]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...c6|Slav]] → {{hlist|class=inline |[[Chess Opening Theory/1._d4/1...d5/2._c4/2...c6/3._Nc3/3...Nf6/4._Nf3/4...e6|Semi-Slav]] }} }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3|2. Nc3]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bg5|Richter-Versov]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3/2...c5|Irish gambit]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nc3/2...Nf6/3. Bf4|Jobava London]] }} |2. other |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Bf4|Accelerated London]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. e3|Colle]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Bg5|Levitsky]] {{chess/eval|!?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. Qd3|Amazon]] {{chess/eval|?!}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. e4|Blackmar-Diemer]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. f4|Mason]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. g4|Zurich]] {{Chess/eval|??}} }} }} <!-- end closed games bucket --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6|Nf6]] <br>Indian |{{Buckets |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4|2. c4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6|e6]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3/3...Bb4|Bogo-Indian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. g3|Catalan]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3/3...Bb4|Nimzo-Indian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3/3...b6|Queen's Indian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Bg5|Seirawan]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. g4|Devin gambit]] {{chess/eval|!?}} }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4|2. c4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6|g6]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6|King's Indian]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. Nf3|Classical]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. f4|Four pawns attack]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Bg7/4. e4/4...d6/5. f3|Sämisch]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...d5|Grünfeld]] }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4|2. c4]] ''other'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...b6|Accelerated queen's Indian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...c5|Modern Benoni]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...c5/3. d5/3...b5|Benko]] }} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e5|Budapest]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...Nc6|Mexican]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...d6|Old Indian]] }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Nf3|2. Nf3]] |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Nf3/2...c5|Spielmann Indian]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. Bg5|Torre]] }} |2. ''other:'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bg5|Trompowsky]] → {{hlist| class=inline| [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bg5/2...Ne4/3. Bh4|Edge]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bg5/2...Ne4/3. h4|Raptor]]}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. Bf4|London system (Indian)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. f3|Paleface]] {{Chess/eval|?!}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. g4|Bronstein gambit]] {{Chess/eval|!?}} | <small>[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. e4|Omega]] {{Chess/eval|?}}</small> }} }} <!-- end indian bucket --> |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5|f5]]<br>Dutch |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. Bg5|Hopton]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. h3|Korchnoi]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. g3/2...g6|Leningrad]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. e4|Staunton]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. c4|Stonewall]] → {{hlist |class=inline | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5/2. c4/2...g6/3. Nc3/3...Nh6|Bladel]] }} }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4|1. d4]] ''...other:'' |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...b6|English defence]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Na6|Australian defence]] {{chess/eval|?!}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...e5|Englund gambit]] {{chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...e6|Horwitz]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...c5|Old Benoni]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...b5|Polish]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d6/2. c4/2...e5|Rat]] }} |[[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3|1. Nf3]]<br>Zukertort |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...d5/2. c4|Réti]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...d5/2. g3|King's Indian defence (d5)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...Nf6/2. g3|King's Indian defence (Nf6)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f5/2. e4|Lisitsin gambit]] {{Chess/eval|!?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...Nf6/2. e4|Lemberger gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...e5|Ross gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}} | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...g5|Herrstrom gambit]] {{Chess/eval|?}} }} |Flank |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. f4|Bird's (1. f4)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. c4|English (1. c4)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. g4|Grob (1. g4)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. g3|King's fianchetto (1.g3)]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. b3|Larsen (1. b3)]] }} |Unorthodox |{{hlist | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. a3|a3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Na3|Na3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. a4|a4]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. b4|b4]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. c3|c3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nc3|Nc3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. d3|d3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e3|e3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. f3|f3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. h3|h3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. Nh3|Nh3]] | [[Chess Opening Theory/1. h4|h4]] }} }} </div> <noinclude>[[{{BOOKCATEGORY|Chess}}/Templates|ChessOpenings]]</noinclude><includeonly>{{BookCat}}</includeonly> i9x8x3kjtnt2kmc9gv6w3jri2smygek 0 161972 4641039 4628885 2026-06-23T22:38:51Z Noeiel17 3495772 4641039 wikitext text/x-wiki ==The different sounds of the Manchu language== Manchu is typically written in a vertical script similar to the Mongolian script, which is covered in lesson 12. For the chapters until then, the '''Möllendorff''' romanisation system will be used in place of it. The Manchu script consists of 24 Manchu letters to write 25 native Manchu sounds, and 10 letters to write sounds found in Chinese (these 10 letters are k', g', h', ts', dz', zh', sy' cy', jy' xy' and are dealt with in lesson 12). The 24 native Manchu letters include: {| |- |6 vowels: | a, e, i, o, u, ū |- |18 consonants: |n, k, g, h, b, p, s, š, t, d, l, m, c, j, y, r, f, w |- |...................................... |...................................... |- |} ===Vowels=== Manchu has the 6 short vowels mentioned above, two long vowels, 7 diphthongs and 1 triphthong: {| |- |Short vowels: |a, e, i, o, u, ū, ioi |- |Long vowels: |ii, oo |- |Diphthongs: |ai, ao, ei, eo, ia, ie, io, iu, oi, ua, ue, ui, uo, ūa, ūe, ūi, ūo |- |Triphthongs: |ioa, ioo, iao |- |...................................... |...................................... |- |} Note that the triphthong ''ioi'' was created to represent Mandarin pronunciation. In modern Manchu the tripthong ''ioi'' is pronounced as "ü" as in Hanyu Pinyin (or generally like ü sound in German. [y] in the IPA). ===Consonants=== As for consonants, in addition to the 18 consonants mentioned above Manchu has one combined consonant ‘rs’ and two doubled consonants ‘tt’ and ‘šš’. Notes * The Manchu script contains front and back versions of ‘k’, ‘g’, ‘h’, ‘d’, and ‘t’. (Though ‘d’ and ‘t’ don't have different front and back sounds.) * In Manchu transliterations and online the vowel 'ū' is also often written as 'v', as Manchu does not have a 'v' sound like in English. * In Manchu transliterations and online the consonant 'š' is also often written as 'sh' or 'x' * No Manchu words start with ‘r’ or with more than one consonant. * Manchu words generally end in either a vowel or ‘n’. Some loanwords, however, end in ‘ng’ e.g. (王 wáng – king). In this respect, it is close to being an open syllable language. Syllables other than the last, however, can have other consonant endings (see next bullet point). * There are sometimes clusters of consonants between vowels such as in ‘abka’ (heaven) and ‘ilha’ (flower) but these are the final and initial consonants of two separate syllables. In most words however, vowels are separated by single consonants. == Pronunciations == === Consonants === Of the 18 consonants, the two that are not pronounced like in English are ‘š’ which sounds like ‘sh’ and ‘c’ which sounds like ‘ch’ as in '''ch'''air. The phoneme ‘ng’ is also found in the Manchu language but is not a separate letter. Say it like the 'ng' in ri'''ng''', not like in fi'''ng'''er. === Vowels === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Vowel !Representation in the IPA !Pronunciation |- |a |[a] |like the "a" in h'''a'''t |- |e |[ə] |like the "a" in '''a'''ffair |- |i |[i] |like the "ee" in fr'''ee''' |- |o |[ɔ] |like the "o" in n'''o'''t |- |u |[u] |like the "oo" in m'''oo'''n<br/>like the "u" in the Chinese t'''u''' |- |ū |[ʊ] |like the "oo" in f'''oo'''t |- |ii | | |- |oo | | |- |ioi |[y] |like "ü" in the Chinese l'''ü''' |} ==Syllable structure in Manchu== The Manchu language has the following syllable structures: {| |- |'''Manchu<br> Syllable<br> Structure'''<br> |'''Example''' |- |V |‘a-’ in a-ma (father) |- |VV |‘ai’ what |- |VC |‘am-‘ in am-ban (official) |- |VCC |‘ašš-‘ in aššasun (verb) |- |CV |‘du-’ in du-ka (gate) |- |CVV |‘moo’ (wood) |- |CVVC |‘duin’ (four) |- |CVC |‘den’ (high) |- |CVCC |‘fašš-‘ in fašš-an (effort) |- |CVVV |‘elioi’ (吕 - a Chinese surname) |- |} Out of the above syllable structures, CVVV is extremely rare as it can only occur with the triphthong ‘ioi’; and both VCC and CVCC are also quite rare as they can only occur with one of the two doubled consonants ‘tt’ or ‘šš’ or with the combined consonants ‘rs’. ==Vowel harmony== The Manchu language is subject to the rules of vowel harmony. This means that only certain vowels can appear together in the same word and that the vowel in the first syllable of a word must be of the same type as the vowel in the second syllable. Note: vowel harmony in Manchu isn’t as strict as in Turkic or Mongolic languages. Manchu vowels fall into the following three categories: * Front vowels (阴性) e * Back vowels (阳性) a,o,ū * Neutral vowels (中性) u,i In theory, front and back vowels can not exist in the same word, although there are some examples of this (ajige - small). However, neutral vowels can exist with both front and back vowels. There are two forms of vowel harmony: ===Vowel harmony within a stem=== This form of vowel harmony involves the vowels within a particular stem (a word with no suffixes) harmonising. In general one word will only have the following combinations of vowels (the first vowel is the vowel in the first syllable): <!-- {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |‘a’ and one of |‘a’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘ū’ |- |‘e’ and one of |‘e’, ‘i’, ‘u’ |- |‘i’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘ū’ |- |‘o’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘ū’ |- |‘u’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘u’, ‘ū’ |- |‘ü’ and one of |‘a’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘ū’ |- |} --> {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- ! colspan="6" style="background:#efefef;" | First vowel ! style="background:#ffdead;" | goes |- ! &nbsp;a&nbsp; ! &nbsp;o&nbsp; ! &nbsp;ū&nbsp; ! &nbsp;i&nbsp;&nbsp; ! &nbsp;u&nbsp; ! &nbsp;e&nbsp; ! style="background:#ffdead;" | with |- || X || X || X || X || X || || style="background:#ffde00;" | <center><b>a</b></center> |- || X || X || X || X || || X || style="background:#ffde00;" | <center><b>o</b></center> |- || X || X || X || X || X || || style="background:#ffde00;" | <center><b>ū</b></center> |- || X || X || X || X || X || X || style="background:#ffde00;" | <center><b>i</b></center> |- || X || || X || X || X || X || style="background:#ffde00;" | <center><b>u</b></center> |- || || || || X || X || X || style="background:#ffde00;" | <center><b>e</b></center> |} Note: the vowel ‘o’ very rarely exists in a word with other vowels, and if it does it is nearly always with ‘a’,’ū’,’i’ or occasionally ‘e’, but basically never with ‘u’. The vowels ‘u’ and ‘i’ can go with all other vowels. ===Stem-suffix vowel harmony=== Stem-suffix vowel harmony involves the vowels of a stem harmonising with the vowels of whatever suffix is attached to that stem. The rules are a bit different for stems with single, double or multiple syllables: '''Single Syllable Stems''' {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |'''Stem''' |'''Suffix''' |- |a |a |- |- |o |o |- |e |e |- |i,u |Usually 'e' |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |} '''Double Syllable Stems''' {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |'''Stem''' |'''Suffix''' |- |a-a, a-ū, a-u, o-i, ū-i, a-i, u-i, i-i |a |- |o-o, a-o |o |- |e-e, o-e, e-u, e-i, i-u, u-u |e |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |} * Note: there are exceptions to the above rules for double syllable stems, but in most cases the above rules hold. '''Multiple Syllable Stems''' * In general, stems terminating in 'a', 'e' or 'o' take the corresponding vowel in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables terminating in 'i' or 'u' and proceeded by 'e' generally take 'e' in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables terminating in 'i' or 'u' and proceeded by 'a', 'u' or 'ū' generally take 'a' in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables with 'u' and 'ū' generally take 'a' in the suffix. Notes: * Some suffixes such as ‘de’ ‘-bu’ etc are fixed and do not change. * Some words use the vowels ‘a’ and ‘e’ to distinguish between masculine and feminine concepts, e.g. haha (man), hehe (woman). * There are two forms of the letters ‘k’, ‘g’, and ‘h’, a back form for the vowels ‘a’,’o’,’ū’, and a front form for the vowels ‘e’,’u’,’i’. * There are also two forms of the letters ‘d’, and ‘t’, a back form for the letters ‘a’, ‘o’, ‘i’, and a front form for the letters ‘e’ and ‘u’. <!-- Navigation --> <p style="background: #f2f2f2; border: 1px dashed #e6e6e6; padding-left: 3px; width: 100%; text-align: center;"> [[Manchu|Contents]] ---- [[Manchu/Lesson 2 - Nouns|Lesson 2 (Nouns)]] </p> <!-- END Navigation --> {{BookCat}} tvt0wsm0sm1mhtt6cvp584dkivx92fw 0 162491 4641040 4094701 2026-06-23T22:42:20Z Noeiel17 3495772 4641040 wikitext text/x-wiki == The sounds of the Manchu language == The Manchu script consists of 24 Manchu letters to write 25 native Manchu sounds, and 10 letters to write sounds found in Chinese (these 10 letters are k', g', h', ts', dz', zh', sy' cy', jy' xy' and are dealt with in lesson 12). The 24 native Manchu letters include: {| |- |6 vowels: | a, e, i, o, u, v |- |18 consonants: |n, k, g, h, b, p, s, x, t, d, l, m, c, j, y, r, f, w |- |} === Vowels === Manchu has the six short vowels mentioned above, two long vowels, seven diphthongs and one triphthong: {| |- |Short vowels: |a, e, i, o, u, v |- |Long vowels: |ii, oo |- |Diphthongs: |ai, ei, oi, ui, io, ao, eo, |- |Triphthong: |ioi |- |} === Consonants === As for consonants, in addition to the 18 consonants mentioned above Manchu has one combined consonant ‘rs’ and two doubled consonants ‘tt’ and ‘xx’. Notes: * Of the 18 consonants, the two that are not pronounced like in English are ‘x’ which sounds like ‘sh’ and ‘c’ which sounds like ‘ch’. * The phoneme ‘ng’ is also found in the Manchu language but is not a separate letter. * The Manchu script contains front and back versions of ‘k’, ‘g’, ‘h’, ‘d’, and ‘t’ * In Manchu transliterations and online the vowel 'v' is also often written as 'ū' * In Manchu transliterations and online the consonant 'x' is also often written as 'sh' or 'š' * No Manchu words start with ‘r’ or two or more consonants. * As for endings, Manchu words end in either a vowel or ‘n’. Some loanwords do however end in ‘ng’ e.g. (wang – king). In this respect, it is close to being an open syllable language. * There are sometimes clusters of consonants between vowels such as in ‘abka’ (heaven) and ‘ilha’ (flower) but these are the final and initial consonants of two separate syllables. In most words however, vowels are separated by single consonants. == Syllable structure in Manchu == The Manchu language has the following syllable structures: {| |- |'''Manchu Syllable Structure''' |'''Example''' |- |V |‘a-’ in a-ma (father) |- |VV |‘ai’ what |- |VC |‘am-‘ in am-ban (official) |- |VCC |‘axx-‘ in axxasun (verb) |- |CV |‘du-’ in du-ka (gate) |- |CVV |‘moo’ (wood) |- |CVVC |‘duin’ (four) |- |CVC |‘den’ (high) |- |CVCC |‘faxx-‘ in faxx-an (effort) |- |CVVV |‘elioi’ (吕 - a Chinese surname) |- |} Out of the above syllable structures, CVVV is extremely rare as it can only occur with the triphthong ‘ioi’; and both VCC and CVCC are also quite rare as they can only occur with one of the two doubled consonants ‘tt’ or ‘xx’ or with the combined consonants ‘rs’. == Vowel harmony == The Manchu language is subject to the rules of vowel harmony, therefore only certain vowels can appear together in the same word and that the vowel in the first syllable of a word must be of the same type as the vowel in the second syllable. Note: vowel harmony in Manchu isn’t as strict as in Turkic or Mongolic languages. Manchu vowels fall into the following three categories: * Front vowels (阴性) e * Back vowels (阳性) a,o,v * Neutral vowels (中性) u,i In theory, front and back vowels can not exist in the same word, although there are some examples of this (ajige - small). However, neutral vowels can exist with both front and back vowels. There are two forms of vowel harmony: === Vowel harmony within a stem === This form of vowel harmony involves the vowels within a particular stem (a word with no suffixes) harmonising. In general one word will only have the following combinations of vowels (the first vowel is the vowel in the first syllable): {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |‘a’ and one of |‘a’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |‘e’ and one of |‘e’, ‘i’, ‘u’ |- |‘i’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |‘o’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘v’ |- |‘u’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |‘v’ and one of |‘a’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |} Note: the vowel ‘o’ vary rarely exists in a word with other vowels, and if it does it is nearly always with ‘a’,’v’,’i’ or occasionally ‘e’, but basically never with ‘u’. The vowels ‘u’ and ‘i’ can go with all other vowels === Stem-suffix vowel harmony === Stem-suffix vowel harmony involves the vowels of a stem harmonising with the vowels of whatever suffix is attached to that stem. The rules are a bit different for stems with single, double or multiple syllables: '''Single Syllable Stems''' {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |'''Stem''' |'''Suffix''' |- |a |a |- |- |o |o |- |e |e |- |i,u |Usually 'e' |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |} '''Double Syllable Stems''' {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |'''Stem''' |'''Suffix''' |- |a-a, a-v, a-u, o-i, v-i, a-i, u-i, i-i |a |- |o-o, a-o |o |- |e-e, o-e, e-u, e-i, i-u, u-u |e |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |} * Note: there are exceptions to the above rules for double syllable stems, but in most cases the above rules hold. '''Multiple Syllable Stems''' * In general, stems terminating in 'a', 'e' or 'o' take the corresponding vowel in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables terminating in 'i' or 'u' and proceded by 'e' generally take 'e' in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables terminating in 'i' or 'u' and proceded by 'a', 'u' or 'v' generally take 'a' in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables with 'u' and 'v' generally take 'a' in the suffix. Notes: * Some suffixes such as ‘de’ ‘-bu’ etc are fixed and do not change. * Some words use the vowels ‘a’ and ‘e’ to distinguish between masculine and feminine concepts, e.g. haha (man), hehe (woman). * There are two forms of the letters ‘k’, ‘g’, and ‘h’, a back form for the vowels ‘a’,’o’,’v’, and a front form for the vowels ‘e’,’u’,’i’. * There are also two forms of the letters ‘d’, and ‘t’, a back form for the letters ‘a’, ‘o’, ‘i’, and a front form for the letters ‘e’ and ‘u’. == Nouns == Manchu nouns have number and case but do not really have gender. Nouns can consist solely of a stem such as 'bithe' (book), be formed by adding suffixes to other words, or be formed by adding two nouns together such as 'ahvn deo' (brothers). The most common suffixes that can be added to words to form nouns include: {| |- |............................................................ |............................................................ |- |'''Suffixes used with verb stems ''' |'''Examples''' |- | -n |taci'''n''' – Learning. From the verb stem '''taci'''mbi (to study) |- | -gan, -gen, -gon, -han, -hen, -hon |niru'''gan''' – Drawing. From the verb stem '''niru'''mbi (to draw) |- | -ku, -kv |ana'''kv''' - Key. From the verb stem '''ana'''mbi (to push) |- | -cun |buye'''cun''' - Love. From the verb stem '''buye'''mbi (to love) |- |'''Suffixes used with nouns and verbs''' |'''Examples''' |- | -si |usi'''si''' – Farmer. From the noun usin (field) |- | -ci |adu'''ci''' - Herdsman. From the noun adun (herd) |- | -ji, -lji, -mji, -nju |boigo'''ji''' – Host. From the noun boigon (family) |- |............................................................ |............................................................ |- |} Note: of the above suffixes, the suffixes –ku,-kv are used for instruments, the suffix –cun is used for abstract concepts, and the suffixes –si, -ci, and –ji are used to denote people by what they do (Gorelova, M. P.198). When adding suffixes to nouns, the final ‘-n’ is often dropped. ==== Gender of Manchu Nouns ==== Nouns usually do not have gender, although some obviously masculine nouns have masculine vowels, while feminine nouns have feminine vowels, e.g. haha (man), hehe (woman), ama (father) and eme (mother). ==== Number: ==== There are several ways to express the plural in Manchu: <u>Through the use of the suffix -sa (-se, -so, -si)</u> * E.g. manju'''sa''' - Manchu'''s''' <u>Through use of one of the suffixes -ta, -te, -ri.</u> * This is mostly used for family relationships (note final 'n' is often omitted). * E.g. ama'''ta''' - father'''s''' * The suffix '-ri' is only used with a few words. E.g. mafa'''ri''' - grandfathers/ancestors <u>Through the use of adjectives</u> * like geren (many/all), eiten (all), tumen (a myriad) or verbally with gemu (all) * E.g. tumen jaka - The myriad things (万物) ==== Case ==== Manchu has five cases. Cases can be attached to the proceeding noun or written separately: <u>Nominative (no suffix).</u> * This is the natural case and has no suffix. * E.g. bithe - book <u>Genitive (-i, -ni after -ng).</u> * This case is used to show the possessive. The suffix -i (-ni) can also be used for instrumental case which shows the means or cause of which something happens. * E.g. ere oci mini eme '''i''' bithe - This is my mother''''s''' book (''Possessive'') * E.g. mafa gurun '''i''' ilha - The fatherland''''s''' flowers (''Possessive'') * E.g. manju gisun '''i''' arambi - To write '''by means of''' Manchu (''Instrumental'') <u>Dative/Locative (-de).</u> * This case is used to show location or direction (at/to). * E.g. Direction: Harbin '''de''' genehe - He went '''to''' Harbin (''Dative'') * E.g. Location: Harbin '''de''' manjusa labdu - There are many Manchus '''in''' Harbin (''Locative'') * E.g. Beijing '''de''' niyengniyeri isinaha - '''In''' Beijing spring has arrived <u>Accusative (-be).</u> * This case is used to make a noun the direct object of an action. * E.g. i ere bithe '''be''' mini eme de buha - He gave '''this''' book to my mother * E.g. te mini eme inenggidari manju gisun '''be''' tacimbi - Now my mother studies '''Manchu''' everyday. * E.g. be mafa gurun '''be''' hairambi - We love the '''fatherland''' <u>Ablative (-ci).</u> * This case is used to show point of departure or for comparison. * E.g. monggo gurun '''ci''' jihe niyalma - The people who came '''from''' Mongolia (''Point of departure'') * E.g. nikan gisun '''ci''' manju gisun ja - Manchu is easier '''than''' Chinese (''Comparison'') * E.g. emu inenggi '''ci''' emu inenggi halukan oho - Each day is hotter '''than''' the one before (''Comparison'') == Pronouns == === Personal pronouns === As with nouns, personal pronouns in Manchu also have different cases. The normal form of Manchu personal pronouns is expressed by using the nominative case. See following table for list of all personal pronouns in the 5 different cases: {| |..................................................... |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |'''Personal Pronoun''' |'''Nominative ''' |'''Genitive ''' |'''Dative/Loctv ''' |'''Accusative ''' |'''Ablative ''' |- |''Singular'' | | | | | |- |'''1st Person''' |bi |mini |minde |mimbe |minci |- |'''2nd Person''' |si |sini |sinde |simbe |sinci |- |'''3rd Person''' |i |ini |inde |imbe |inci |- |''Plural'' | | | | | |- |'''1st Person (incl.)''' |muse |musei |musede |musebe |museci |- |'''1st Person (excl.)''' |be |meni |mende |membe |menci |- |'''2nd Person''' |suwe |suweni |suwende |suwembe |suwenci |- |'''3rd Person''' |ce |ceni |cende |cembe |cenci |- |..................................................... |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |} * The personal pronoun in the nominative case is the ordinary form of the pronoun, e.g. bi = I, si = you, i = he/she/it, be = we (excl.), muse = we (incl.), suwe = you (plural), ce = they/them * For the singular first personal pronoun "I" the different forms are: nominative '''bi''' "I"; genitive '''mini''' "my"; dative/locative '''minde''' "to/at me"; accusative '''mimbe''' "me"; ablative '''minci''' "from me". All the other personal pronouns follow the same pattern. * As with Chinese, Manchu has two versions of the 1st plural personal pronoun: an exclusive version ‘be’, and an inclusive version ‘muse’. * To express the idea of oneself, you would use the genitive form of the personal pronoun and follow it with the word ‘beye’ (body). E.g. mini beye (myself), sini beye (yourself). * The possessive pronoun is formed by adding the suffix ‘-ngge’ after the genitive form of the personal pronoun. E.g. mini-ngge (mine). Ere bithe miningge (this book is mine). * The suffix '-ngge' is a possessive suffix which does not change with the rules of vowel harmony. When written it is proceeded by the genitive case and therefore becomes one of '-ingge' or '-ningge'. In the case of use with personal pronouns, it is already proceeded by the genitive form of the pronoun so remains '-ngge'. It can be translated as belong to, and is often written separately from the noun. E.g. ejen ningge - belonging to the master. Now for some examples of the different cases: '''Nominative''' * '''bi''' manju gisun be tacimbi - '''I''' study the Manchu language * '''i''' oci manju niyalma - '''He''' is Manchu '''Genitive''' * '''mini''' gucu oci manju niyalma - '''My''' friend is Manchu * '''meni''' eme oci mafa gurun - '''Our''' mother is the fatherland '''Dative/Locative''' * '''sinde''' ai baita bi? - What issue do '''you (at)''' have? * tere emu debtelin (mw for book) bithe be '''minde''' buki (to give imp) - Can you please give '''(to) me''' this book '''Accusative''' * mafa gurun '''membe''' ujime hvwaxabuha - The fatherland raised '''us (object)''' * bi '''cembe''' emu biya onggolo takaha - I met '''him (object)''' one month ago '''Ablative''' * i '''minci''' juwe se ajige - He is two years younger '''than me''' * si '''minci''' tulgiyen we takambi? - Apart '''from me''' who do you know? === Demonstrative pronouns === The demonstrative pronouns in Manchu are: {| |............................................ |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |'''Case''' |'''This''' |'''These''' |'''That''' |'''Those''' |- |'''Nominative''' |ere |ese |tere |tese |- |'''Genitive''' |erei (ereni) |esei |terei |tesei |- |'''Dative/locative''' |erede (ede) |esede |terede (tede) |tesede |- |'''Accusative''' |erebe |esebe |terebe |tesebe |- |'''Ablative''' |ereci |eseci |tereci |teseci |- |............................................ |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |} === Interrogative pronouns === The main interrogative pronouns in Manchu are (note the cases): {| |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |- |we |Who |aibide, yabade |At/to what place |- |ai |What |adarame |How |- |ya |What, who |aici |What type |- |ainu |Why |udu |How many |- |aibi, yaba |What place/where |aba |Where |- |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |} == Numerals == === Manchu cardinal numerals === The cardinal numbers in Manchu are: {| |- |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |- |emu (emke) |1 |juwan jakvn |18 |- |juwe |2 |juwan uyun |19 |- |ilan |3 |orin |20 |- |duin |4 |orin emu |21 |- |sunja |5 |gvsin |30 |- |ninggun |6 |dehu |40 |- |nadan |7 |susai |50 |- |jakvn |8 |ninju |60 |- |uyun |9 |nadanju |70 |- |juwan |10 |jakvnju |80 |- |juwan emu |11 |uyunju |90 |- |juwan juwe |12 |tanggv |100 |- |juwan ilan |13 |juwe tanggv susai emu |251 |- |juwan duin |14 |minggan |1,000 |- |tofohon |15 |tumen |10,000 |- |juwan ninggun |16 |juwan tumen |100,000 |- |juwan nadan |17 |tanggv tumen |1,000,000 |- |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |- |} Note: the number for 15 is irregular === Manchu ordinal numerals === Ordinal numbers in Manchu are formed by adding ‘-ci’ to the end of the cardinal form of the number. In the case of numbers that end in an ‘n’, the final n is dropped (except for in the case of juwan and tumen). E.g: * emuci (First) * juwe tanggv susai emuci (251st) * ningguci (Sixth) * minggaci (One thousandth) * juwanci (Tenth) * tumenci (Ten thousandth) * juwan duici (Fourteenth) === Manchu distributive numerals === Distributive numerals can be formed by adding the suffix ‘-ta’, ‘-te’ or ‘-to’ depending on the rules of vowel harmony. E.g.: * ilata (one of three) * tofohoto (one of 15) * emte (one each). === Manchu multiplicative numerals === As for multiplicative numerals, one can either use the word ‘ubu’ (times), or use one of the postpositions such as ‘mudan’ (time), ‘jergi’ (time). E.g.: * juwe ubu (twice) * juwe mudan (twice) * juwe jergi (twice) === Manchu fractions === Fractional numerals can be formed by either using the genitive or ablative case, or by using the dative/locative case in combination with the word ‘ubu’ (times). E.g * sunja i emu (1/5) * sunja ci emu (1/5) * sunja ubu de emu ubu (1/5). == Adjectives == Adjectives can be divided into: * Original Adjectives(性质形容词) * Adjectives formed from other words (派生形容词) ==== Original adjectives ==== Original adjectives are adjectives that are not formed from other types of words. Original adjectives can be divided into: <u>Adjectives describing special features of a person or an object.</u> For example: * amba (big) * ajige (small) * golmin (long) <u>Adjectives describing the character (nature) of a person or object.</u> For example: * sain (good) * ice (new) * fe (old) <u>Adjectives describing the action or change of state of a person or object.</u> For example: * hanci (near) * labdu (many) * goro (far away) ==== Adjectives formed from other words ==== These are adjectives that are formed by adding suffixes (subject to the rules of vowel harmony) to nouns, verbs, or original adjectives. Adjectives formed from other words can be divided into: <u>Adjectives formed from nouns</u> These adjectives are formed by adding the suffix '''‘-ngge’, ‘-ngga’''', or '''‘-nggo’''' to the end of a noun. This suffix is similar in many ways to Chinese 的 (except it is not a true possessive suffix). For example, enduri (spirit/神) --> enduri-'''ngge''' (holy/神圣的) and can basically be translated as "to possess the quality of....". The suffix '-ngge' but not '-ngga' or '-nggo' later became a proper possessive suffix (like Chinese 的). When written it is proceeded by the genitive case and therefore becomes one of '-ingge' or '-ningge'. In the case of use with personal pronouns, it is already proceeded by the genitive form of the pronoun so remains '-ngge'. It can be translated as 'belongging to', and is often written separately from the noun. E.g. ejen ningge - belonging to the master. <u>Adjectives formed from verbs</u> These can be divided into three types: * Adjectives that can be formed from verbs by adding the suffix '''‘-cuka’, ‘-cuke’'''. * Adjectives that can be formed from verbs by adding the suffix (these are also occasionally used to form adjectives from nouns) '''‘-shvn’, ‘-shun’ ‘-hvn’, ‘-hun’'''. * Adjectives that can be formed from verbs by adding the suffix '''‘-su’, ‘-be’, ‘-ba’'''. <u>Adjectives formed from original adjectives</u> These adjectives are formed by adding the suffix '''‘-linggv’, ‘-linggu’''' to the end of original adjectives. Note: adjectives that end in an ‘n’ drop the ‘n’ when adding the suffix ‘-linggu’, or ‘-linggv’. The suffix ‘-linggu’ can be translated as ‘very’. E.g. if you add ‘-lingu’ to the adjective amba (big) you get ambalinggu (huge). These suffixes are summarised in this table: {| |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |'''Original word is a:''' |'''Suffix''' |'''Example''' |'''Translation''' |- |Noun | -ngge, -ngga, -nggo |orho (grass) |orhonggo (grassy) |- |Verb (1) | -cuke, -cuka |gelembi (to fear) |gelecuke (scary) |- |Verb (2) | -shvn, -shun, -hun, -hvn |ekiyembi (to reduce) |ekiyehun (insufficient) |- |Verb (3) | -su, -be, -ba |kicembi (to be diligent) |kicebe (diligently) |- |Original Adjctive | -linggv, -linggu |amba (big) |ambalinggu (huge) |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |} ==== Forms of Manchu adjectives ==== Manchu adjectives have three different forms (级): <u>The normal form (原级)</u> This is the normal form of the adjective and does not include any suffixes. E.g: * den alin (high mountain) * ice bithe (new book) <u>The comparative form (比较级)</u> This form only applies to original adjectives, and involves a comparison, i.e. bigger, smaller etc. To form the comparative form a suffix is added to the end of the adjective to change its meaning. The main suffixes are: * -kan (-ken, -kon, -gan, -gen, -cen) * -liyan (-liyen), -meliyan * -shun, -shvn * -si * -linggv (-linggu) (see 5.2) With these suffixes the final ‘n’ of the adjective stem is dropped when the suffix is added. E.g. ‘den’ (high) + -ken becomes ‘deken’ (higher, comparatively high). Examples of the use of these suffixes include: {| |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |'''Suffix''' |'''Meaning''' |'''Example''' |- | -kan, (-ken, -kon, -gan, -gen, -cen) |Rather, somewhat |ambakan (somewhat bigger) |- | -liyan (-liyen), -meliyan |A bit, somewhat |adaliliyan (a bit similar) |- | -linggv (-linggu) |Very |ambalinggv (huge, very big) |- | -shvn (-shun) |Rather |aibishvn (rather swollen) |- | -si |Rather |ajigesi (rather small) |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |} The comparative can also be formed by placing the word ‘majige’ (a bit) before the adjective. E.g majige amba (a bit big). When creating comparative constructions, the ablative case marker is used: * E.g. nikan gisun '''ci''' manju gisun ja - Manchu is easier than Chinese * E.g. emu inenggi '''ci''' emu inenggi halukan oho - Each day is hotter than the one before <u>The superlative form (最高级)</u> The superlative form of the Manchu can be formed by placing an adverb before the adjective. For example: * ‘jaci’ - jaci amba – very big * ‘umesi’ – umesi sain – very good It can also be formed by using the comparative construction, or by use of the genitive case. For example: * geren ci amba - bigger than all (the biggest) * ujui uju oyonggo baita - the first of the first important thing (the most important thing) == Verbs == ==== Introduction ==== Manchu verbs (except for three non-changing verbs) all consist of a stem and a final. The dictionary form of a Manchu verb is the present tense form, which includes the verb stem and the suffix ‘-mbi’. E.g.: Arambi (to write) consists of ara + -mbi. All changes for mood or tense in Manchu verbs are done by removing the suffix ‘-mbi’ and by adding another suffix to indicate the tense or mood of the verb (more on this later). Manchu verbs can be divided into: * <u>Original verbs (固有动词)</u> – These are verbs that are not derived from nouns, adjectives or other verbs and include verbs such as ‘arambi’ (to write) etc. * <u>Verbs derived from other words (派生动词)</u> – These are verbs that are derived from either nouns, adjectives or other verbs (see voice of Manchu verbs). Verbs derived from nouns and adjectives are usually formed by adding one of the following suffixes (see table for list of common suffixes) to the end of a noun or an adjective (note the final ‘n’ of the noun or adjective being turned into a verb is usually dropped): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |'''Suffix''' |'''Noun or adjective''' |'''Verb formed by adding suffix''' |- |‘-ta’ (te, to) |dasan (politics, management) |dasatambi (to put in order) |- |‘-da’ (de, do) |jali (crafy) |jalidambi (to cheat) |- |‘-na’ (ne, no) |acan (a union) |acanambi (to meet) |- |‘-la’ (le) |aba (a hunt) |abalambi (to hunt) |- |‘-ra’ (re, ro) |gisun (language) |gisurembi (to speak) |- |‘-xa’ (xe, xo) |adali (similar) |adalixambi (to be similar) |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} ==== Regular, irregular and non-changing verbs ==== Verbs can also be divided into three categories depending on the change in the verb suffix: <u>Regular verbs</u> – These are verbs that follow regular suffix change patterns. <u>Irregular verbs</u> – These are verbs that don’t follow regular suffix change patterns (see irregular verb table 8.3 for full list). <u>Non-changing verbs</u> – These are three verbs that only have one fixed form. These verbs consist of only a verb stem, although grammatically, they feature all the same properties as regular and irregular verbs. The three non-changing verbs are: * ‘bi’ – To have (有). * ‘akv’ – To not have (没有). * ‘joo’ – To forget about it, not worry about it (算了) ==== Tense (时) in Manchu verbs ==== Unlike say French, the conjugation of Manchu verbs is constant regardless of the person doing the action. I.e. the conjugation for you went and I went would both be 'gene'''he''''. This means only one suffix has to be learnt for each of the tenses. It is convenient to split Manchu tenses into simple tenses (of which there are three) and complex tenses all of which are formed from the simple tenses with the addition of either converbs (such as -me or -fi) or auxiliary verbs (such as bi). See table: {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |'''Tense (时)''' |'''Suffix''' |'''Example''' |'''Translation''' |- |'''Simple Tenses''' | | | |- |Present/Future | -mbi |ara'''mbi''' |I write / I shall write |- |Present/Future | -ra (-re, -ro) |ara'''ra''' |I shall write / I write |- |Past | -ha (-he, -ho, -ka, -ke, -ko) |ara'''ha''' |I wrote |- |'''Past tenses''' | | | |- |Indefinite Past | -habi (-hebi, -hobi) |ara'''habi''' |I have written |- |Pluperfect | -ha bihe, -ha bihebi |ara'''ha bihe''' |I had written |- |Imperfect 1 | -mbihe, -mbihebi |ara'''mbihe''' |I was writing |- |Imperfect 2 | -me bihe, -me bihebi |ara'''me bihebi''' |I was writing |- |'''Present tenses''' | | | |- |Present Continuous 1 | -me bi, -me bimbi |ara'''me bi''' |I am writing |- |Present Continuous 2 | -me ilihabi |ara'''me ilihabi''' |I am writing |- |Present Continuous 3 | -mahabi |ara'''mahabi''' |I am writing |- |Present Continuous 4 | -me bisire + noun |obo'''me bisire''' jui |The child who is washing |- |Present Continuous 5 | -me bisire + postpostn |obo'''me bisire''' de |While in the process of washing |- |Past Continuous 1 | -ha bi |ara'''ha bi''' |Still writing (仍然在写) |- |Past Continuous 2 | -fi bi |ara'''fi bi''' |Still writing (还在写) |- |Past Continuous 3 | -hai bi (-hei bi, hoi bi) |ara'''hai bi''' |I’ve been continuously writing 一直写 |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some examples of the different tenses include: '''Present/future tense 1''' * bi niyengniyeri forgon be cihala'''mbi''' - I love spring * te absi gene'''mbi'''? - Where are you going now? * suwayan bira mederi de eyeme dosi'''mbi''' - The yellow river flows into the sea '''Present/future tense 2''' * mini ama Harbin de ere manju gisun taci'''re''' bithe be udaha - In Harbin my father bought this book to learn Manchu * cimari ili'''re''' ilirakv be sarkv - I don't know if we can stop tomorrow or not '''Past tense''' * Beijing de niyengniyeri isina'''ha''' - In Beijing spring has arrived * birai juhe emgeri weme deribu'''ha''' - The river ice has already started to melt * ilha yafan de hacin hacin i ilha gemu ila'''ka''' - In the gardens all types of flowers are flowering '''Indefinite past''' * sini hendurengge inu, mini mujilen de inu uttu gvni'''habi''' - What you said is true, in my heart I had thought that too '''Pluperfect''' * '''Imperfect''' * '''Present Continuous''' * bi te manju gisun be taci'''me ilihabi''' - I am currently studying Manchu '''Past Continuous''' * ==== Voice (态) in Manchu verbs ==== Manchu verbs have seven different voices (态). The first voice is the subjective voice, which is the normal verb form. All other voices are formed by adding a suffix between the stem of the verb and the final ‘-mbi’. This forms a new verb. For example: taci-mbi (to study), taci-bu-mbi (to teach). Tacibumbi is the active form of the verb tacimbi and therefore has a completely different meaning. Note: suffixes for tense and mood can be added to the end of the new form of the verb as the suffixes for voice are part of the verb stem. E.g. tacibuha (I taught), tacibura (I will teach), etc. The seven voices (note the two directional voices count as one voice) are: <u>1) 主动 Subjective</u> This is the normal voice of the verb and does not take any suffix. E.g. * tacimbi - To study <u>2) 使动 Active (-bu-, -(m)bu-)</u> This voice shows that you are doing the action to something or someone. You would usually use the case marker ‘be’ to show what you are doing the action to. E.g. * bi simbe manju gisun taci'''bu'''ha - I taught you Manchu * bi imbe gene'''bu'''he - I let him go <u>3) 被动 Passive (-bu-, -(m)bu-) </u> This voice shows that the action is being done to you. You would usually use the case marker ‘de’ to indicate the direction of the action. E.g. * bi tere de tanta'''bu'''ha - I was bashed up by him <u>4) 方向去 Dir (to) (-na-, -ne-, -no-)</u> This voice shows the direction of an action and is similar to English ‘to go’. E.g. * bithe hvla'''na'''mbi - To go and read * si bithe uda'''na'''ci - If you go and buy books <u>5) 方向来 Dir (fr) (-ji-, -(n)ji-)</u> This voice shows the direction of an action and is similar to English ‘to come’.E.g. * bithe hvla'''ji'''mbi - To come and read * Xiao Wang ya erinde isin'''ji'''mbi? - When does xiao Wang arrive? <u>6) 齐动 Cooperative (-ca-, -ce-, -co-)</u> This voice indicates that an action is being done by a group. It is similar to the English word ‘together’. E.g. * tese tacikv de efi'''ce'''mbi - They are playing together at school * eten i forgon de urgule'''ce'''he - Together we celebrate in victory <u>7) 互动 Reciprocal (-nu-, -ndu-)</u> This voice is used to indicate reciprocal action. It is similar to the English word ‘each other’. E.g. * nadan gurun ada'''ndu'''me nakarakv - The seven kingdoms fought each other without end * niyalmasa ishunde aisila'''ndu'''mbi - The people help each other out <u>8) 连续 Continuous (-da-,-de-;-ta-,-te-;-xa-,-xe-,-xo-; -ca-,-ce-,-co-; -ja-,-je-, -jo-)</u> This voice is used to indicate the continuous nature of an action and is like English ‘always’, or ‘often’ * bi simbe aisila'''ta'''mbi - I often/always help you ==== Forms (式) of the Manchu verb ==== The Manchu verb has 6 basic forms: <u>1) Affirmative </u> This is the normal form of the verb. E.g. * bi te manju gisun be tacime ilihabi - I am currently studying Manchu * boode mini ama bi - My father is at home * bi abalara de indahvn gamambi - I take dogs when I go hunting <u>2) Negative</u> This form is the negative form of the verb. Manchu unlike English forms the negative form of a verb by adding suffixes to the verb stem. The two negative forms of Manchu verbs are: {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Present negative | -rakv |ara'''rakv''' |Don’t write |- |Past negative | -hakv (-hekv, -hokv) |ara'''hakv''' |Didn’t write |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the negative form are: * bi harbin de gene'''hekv''' - I did not go to Harbin * bi manju gisun be gisure'''rakv''' - I don't speak Manchu <u>3) Interrogative</u> This is the question form of the verb. The interrogative form has both a positive and a negative form. The negative form is then further divided into a present and past negative interrogative form. The negative interrogative from is basically formed by adding -n to the end of the negative form of the verb (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Interrogative | -o |arara'''o'''? |Are you writing? |- |Negative Interrogative (present) | -rakvn |ara'''rakvn'''? |Are you not writing? |- |Negative Interrogative (past) | -hakvn(-hekvn, -hokvn) |ara'''hakvn'''? |Did you not write? |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the interrogative form are: * si abalara de indahvn gamambi'''o'''? - Do you take dogs when you go hunting? * si xiao wang be tuwa'''rakvn'''? - Do you not see Xiao Wang? * si harbin de gene'''hekvn'''? - Haven't you been to Harbin? <u>4) Imperative</u> The imperative form is the form of the verb that is used when you want to tell somebody to do (or not do) something. In Manchu there is a polite imperative form, a negative imperative form and a normal imperative form (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Imperative | |ara |Write! |- |Imperative (negative) |ume ……. -ra (-re, -ro) |ume ara'''ra''' |Don’t write |- |Imperative (pol 1) | -rao (-reo, -roo) |ara'''rao''' |Write please |- |Imperative (pol 1) | -ki |bu'''ki''' |Please give |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the imperative form are: * tuwa (look!) * inde '''ume''' tuwa'''ra''' - Don't look at him * si gala be obu'''roo''' - Wash your hands please * minde tere bithe be bu'''ki''' - Can you please give me that book <u>5) Optative</u> The optative form is where you want another person to do something. There are three different optative forms in Manchu (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Optative 1 | -kini |ara'''kini''' |May he write |- |Optative 2 | -cina |ara'''cina''' |I hope you will write |- |Optative 3 | -kini sembi |mara'''kini sembi''' |I want you to return |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the optative form are: * si ere buda be jacina - I hope you will eat this food * bi simbe harbin hoton de genekini sembi - I want you to go to Harbin <u>6) Desiderative</u> The desiderative form is where you want to do something. It corresponds to English I want to, or I will. Note the -ki form of the desiderative can also be used as a polite imperative. There are two different desiderative forms in Manchu (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Desiderative 1 | -ki |ara'''ki''' |I will write |- |Desiderative 2 | -ki sembi |taci'''ki sembi''' |I want to study |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the desiderative form are: * bi sinde majige okto bu'''ki''' - I will give you some medicine * bi amga'''ki sembi''' - I want to sleep ==== Converbs (副动词) ==== The main converbs in Manchu are: <u>1) Coordinative -me </u> This converb modifies the following verb and can be used to link several verbs. It also expresses simultaneous action, or can be used to start a quote. E.g. * ai baita be ara'''me''' genembi? (what are you going to do) * yacin gvlmahvn sakda niman i boode efi'''me''' genehe (the black rabbit went to the old mountain goat's house to play.) * suwe ai erinde guri'''me''' jihengge? (when did you move here?) * ajige xanyan gvlmahvn jabu'''me''':... (the small white rabbit said:....) <u>2) Subordinative -fi </u> Refers to a sequence of actions where one action is completed before another one begins. It is like English 'then', and also a bit like 'because' E.g. * bi gene'''fi''' tuwaki (I will go and (then) have a look) * ajige yacin gvlmahvn lafu sogi be gai'''fi''', hendume:"yeyede baniha!" (the small black rabbit took the bok choi and then said: thank you grandfather) * yacin gvlmahvn ningge jetere jaka akv o'''fi''', geli sakda niman i boode sogi baime genehe (As the small black rabit had nothing to eat, he then went to the old mountain goat's house to ask for more vegetables) <u>3) Conditional -ci</u> This is the conditional converb and is similar to English 'if'. E.g. * bi tuwa'''ci''' (if I look) * jalan de suwe akv'''ci''' ergen de jurgan akv ni (If this world did not have you all, then life would have no meaning) * si Harbin de gene'''ci''' (if you go to Harbin) <u>4) Durative -hai (-hei, -hoi)</u> This converb is used to express that an action occurs or continues at the same time as another action is performed. E.g. * necimbi'''hei''' yabumbi (to continuously invade) <u>5) Terminative -tala (-tele, -tolo) </u> This converb is used to show that an action occurs up to a certain time. * ara'''tala''' (until he writes) * te'''tele''' (till now) <u>6) Instrumental -tai (-tei, -toi)</u> This converb is used to show that an action is being forced * buce'''tei''' daharakv (I will not submit even if I die) <u>7) Preparative -nggala (-nggele, -nggolo)</u> This converb is like English ‘before’ * utala inenggi o'''nggolo''' (several days ago) <u>8) Concessive -cibe </u> This converb is like Enlgish ‘although’ * tuttu bi'''cibe''' (although it is like that) <u>9) Alternative -ralame (-relame, -rolame)</u> This converb is used to show that two actions are being performed at the same time * bi yabu'''ralame''' tuwambi (looking as I’m going along) <u>10) Simultaneous -mbime</u> This converb is used to show that one action is occurring (or not) while another action takes place * si baita be sambi se'''mbime''', ainu takarakv (while you say you know about the matter, how come you don’t?) ==== auxiliary verbs (助动词) ==== Three important auxiliary verbs in Manchu are: * sembi – sembi means ‘to say’ * ombi – ‘ombi’ can be translated as ‘to become’, ‘to be’, ‘to act as’, * bimbi – ‘bimbi’ can be translated as ‘to be or ‘is’. ==== Irregular verbs (table) ==== This table is a list of all the irregular Manchu verbs and their irregular forms. Note a blank space indicates that this form of the verb is regular. Note verbs where the suffix ‘-fi’ becomes ‘-pi’ or ‘-mpi’ are not included. {| |- |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |- |'''Dictionary form''' |'''Meaning''' |'''Past tense''' |'''Future Tense''' |'''Imperative''' |- |gerembi |Dawn |gereke |gerendere | |- |guwembi |To avoid |guwengke |guwendere | |- |colgorombi |To be complete |colgoroko | | |- |ombi |To become, can | |ojoro |oso |- |gvmbi |To bite furiously | |gvndere | |- |gvwaliyambi |To change |gvwaliyaka | | |- |jimbi |To come | |jidere |jio |- |wasimbi |To descend, be defeated |wasika (wasiha) | |wasinu |- |jembi |To eat |jeke (jengke) |jetere (jendere) |jefu |- |tucimbi |To exit, to set out, to come out |tucike (tucihe) | |tucinu |- |sumbi |To explain, to get rid of |suhe (sungke) | | |- |jailambi |To flee, hide | |jailara (jailandara) | |- |ukambi |To flee, hide |ukaha (ukaka) | | |- |bahambi |To get |baha | | |- |xahvrambi |To get a cold |xahvraka | | |- |yombi |To go | |yoro (yondoro) | |- |bimbi |To have / at | |bisire |bisu |- |xumbi |To know completely |xungke | | |- |baimbi |To look for | | |baisu |- |wembi |To melt into |wengke |were (wendere) | |- |juwambi |To open, open one's mounth |jawangka (juwaka) | | |- |hafumbi |To pass through |hafuka |hafundara | |- |jombi |To raise |jongko |jondoro | |- |wesimbi |To raise |wesike | |wesina |- |teyembi |To rest | |teyere (teyendere) | |- |eldembi |To shine on |eldeke | | |- |xambi |To stare |xaha (xangka) | | |- |gajimbi |To take back | | |gaju |- |gombi |To take back | |gondoro | |- |gaimbi |To take, to want | | |gaisu |- |fumbi |To wipe |fungke | |- |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |- |} == Adverbs == Adverbs are words that modify other words except for nouns. Adverbs usually express the time, place or degree of an action and typically answer questions such as how?, when? why? or where? Manchu adverbs can be primitive adverbs which are indeclinable words such as ‘inu’ (yes) or they can be formed by adding suffixes (usually case markers) to the end of nouns, or pronouns. Most numerals can also be used as adverbs. Some common Manchu adverbs include: {| |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |- |Absi |Where |Gaitai |Suddenly |- |Adarame |How |Gemu |All |- |Aifini |Already |Gubci |All |- |Ainu |Why |Heni |a bit |- |Ambula |Big, many |Ishunde |Each other |- |Ani |Normally |Jaci |Extremely |- |Asuru |Very |Jing |In the process of (正) |- |Atanggi |What time |Juken |At least |- |Beri beri |Each one |Kemuni |Still |- |Biretei |All |Majige |A bit |- |Cohotoi |Especially |Meni meni |Each one |- |Da ani |As before |Mujakv |Extremely |- |Daci |From the beginning |Naranggi |Finally |- |Dade |In the beginning |Ne / te |Now |- |Dembei |Very |Nokai |The most |- |Dule |Originally |Siraduhai |Afterwards |- |Ele |More |Teni |Just thn |- |Elei |More |Tuktan |First tim, start |- |Elekei |Almost |Umesi |Very |- |Emgeri |Already |Ume |Don't, can't |- |Enteheme |Forever |Unde |Still haven't |- |Esa |Very |Urui |Certainly |- |Yooni |All |Urunakv |Certainly |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |} Some locational adverbs (with their noun form) include: {| |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |'''Meaning''' |'''Noun''' |'''Locative (where)''' |'''Directional (where to)''' |- | |'''-la/-le/-lo''' |'''-rgi''' |'''-si''' |- |East |Dele |Dergi |(wesihun) |- |West |Wala |Wargi |(wasihvn) |- |South |(Juleri) |Julergi |Julesi |- |North |Amala |Amargi |Amasi |- |Middle |Dulin |Dulimbade | |- |In front |(Juleri) |Julergi |Julesi |- |Behind |Amala |Amargi |Amasi |- |Left |Hashv |Hashv ergi | |- |Right |Ici |Ici ergi | |- |Above |Dele,ninggu |Dergi ,ninggude |wesihun |- |Below |Fejile ,wala |Fejergi,wargi |wasihvn |- |Inside |Dolo |Dorgi |Dosi |- |Outside |Tule (tuleri) |Tulergi |Tulesi |- |On top |Oilo |Oilorgi | |- |Here |Ebele |Ebergi |Ebsi |- |There |Cala |Cargi |Casi |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |} == Postpositions == Some of the more commonly used Manchu postpositons are: {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |adali |The same as |jakade |Because of, when |- |baru |To |jalin |Because |- |canggi |Only |manggi |After |- |dahame |Because of this |nerginde |When |- |ebsi |Since |ninggude |On top of |- |emde |Together with |onggolo |Before |- |emgi |Together with |saka |And then |- |ergide |At … direction |sidende |When |- |fonde |When |songkoi |In accordance with |- |haran |Because of |tetendere |Since… |- |ici |To, right |tulgiyen |Apart from this.. |- |ishvn |To, across from |turgunde |Because of |- |jaka |Just then | | |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} == Linking Words == Some of the more commonly used Manchu linking words are: {| |- |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |- |jai… |…and… |bime… |… and at the same time … |- |emu derei ......emu derei...... |…on the one hand…. And on the other… |ememu ....... ememu ......　　　 |… on the one hand …. And on the other… |- |ememungge ...... ememungge .....　 |… on the one hand …. And on the other… |eici ........ eici ........... |Either…..or…… |- |embici........... embici..........　 |Either…..or…… |........teile akv......... Inu/geli　 |Not only….. But also…. |- |.........dade, geli |Not only….. But also… |.............sere anggala.............Inu/geli |Not only….. But also… |- |tuttu ofi, uttu ofi, tuttu |Therefore… |….jakade |Because |- |…turgunde |Because |…ofi |Because (after becoming) |- |…ohode |Because of (when it became) |teni… |Then … |- |…seme |Because of... |aika .......... oci |If…then… |- |aikabade ......... oci |If…then… |unenggi .............oci |If…then… |- |..................oci |If…then |.............. ohode , teni ................. |If…then… (more for only if A then B) |- |udu.............. seme |Although… |udu ............ bicibe , inu ................　 |Although… also… |- |udu ............ (verb-)cibe 　 |Although… |udu ............ ocibe , inu.................. |Although… also… |- |udu .................secibe , inu .............. |Although… also… |uthai ............. ocibe　 |Even though… |- |uthai ................. seme 　 |Even though… |uthai ................ okini |Even though… |- |damu |But... only… |tuttu oci… |In that case… |- |uttu oci… |In this case… |tuttu bime… |Yet/however… |- |uttu bime… |Yet/however… |uttu seme… |Yet/however… |- |tuttu secibe… |Yet/however… |neneme… |On the contrary |- |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |- |} Information on Linking words was taken from the Manchu Sky website (满洲天空网站). More specifically from a post by Baksi titled: 满洲族语的连词 (see link below) [http://manchusky.qq.topzj.com/thread-370098-1-1.html 满洲天空网站-满洲族语的连词] Now for some examples of the different linking words * si ere nikan i bithe be tacirengge, '''eici''' sini cihai tacimbio? ('''eici''') sini ama eniye taci sembio? - Did you study Chinese because you like it '''or''' because your parents told you to study it? * '''uttu oci''' sain kai - ('''In this case''') that is good * ajige xanyan gvlmahvn '''jai''' ajige yacin gvlmahvn - A small white rabbit '''and''' a small black rabbit * ajige yacin gvlmahvn ningge jetere jaka akv '''ofi''', '''geli''' sakda niman i boode sogi baime genehe - '''As''' the small black rabit had nothing to eat, he '''then''' went to the old mountain goat's house to ask for more vegetables * Beijing ni niyengniyeri forgon de edun amba, '''damu''' aga muke komso - In spring in Beijing the wind is strong, '''but''' there isn't much rain. * gebu adali akv '''bicibe''' , daci gemu emu hala - '''Although''' the name is not the same, they originally have the same surname * mini beye '''udu''' buce'''cibe''' , jui bikai - '''Although''' I will die, I have sons <!-- Navigation --> <p style="background: #f2f2f2; border: 1px dashed #e6e6e6; padding-left: 3px; width: 100%; text-align: center;"> [[Manchu/Lesson 10 - Postpositions|Lesson 10 (Postpositions)]] ---- [[Manchu|Contents]] ---- [[Manchu/Lesson 12 - The Manchu Script|Lesson 12 (The Manchu Script)]] </p> <!-- END Navigation --> {{BookCat}} ifjhm7c905vtu4srllst2ctr8bdk6al 4641041 4641040 2026-06-23T22:44:02Z Noeiel17 3495772 4641041 wikitext text/x-wiki == The sounds of the Manchu language == The Manchu script consists of 24 Manchu letters to write 25 native Manchu sounds, and 10 letters to write sounds found in Chinese (these 10 letters are k', g', h', ts', dz', zh', sy' cy', jy' xy' and are dealt with in lesson 12). The 24 native Manchu letters include: {| |- |6 vowels: | a, e, i, o, u, v |- |18 consonants: |n, k, g, h, b, p, s, x, t, d, l, m, c, j, y, r, f, w |- |} === Vowels === Manchu has the six short vowels mentioned above, two long vowels, seven diphthongs and one triphthong: {| |- |Short vowels: |a, e, i, o, u, v |- |Long vowels: |ii, oo |- |Diphthongs: |ai, ei, oi, ui, io, ao, eo |- |Triphthong: |ioi |- |} === Consonants === As for consonants, in addition to the 18 consonants mentioned above Manchu has one combined consonant ‘rs’ and two doubled consonants ‘tt’ and ‘xx’. Notes: * Of the 18 consonants, the two that are not pronounced like in English are ‘x’ which sounds like ‘sh’ and ‘c’ which sounds like ‘ch’. * The phoneme ‘ng’ is also found in the Manchu language but is not a separate letter. * The Manchu script contains front and back versions of ‘k’, ‘g’, ‘h’, ‘d’, and ‘t’ * In Manchu transliterations and online the vowel 'v' is also often written as 'ū' * In Manchu transliterations and online the consonant 'x' is also often written as 'sh' or 'š' * No Manchu words start with ‘r’ or two or more consonants. * As for endings, Manchu words end in either a vowel or ‘n’. Some loanwords do however end in ‘ng’ e.g. (wang – king). In this respect, it is close to being an open syllable language. * There are sometimes clusters of consonants between vowels such as in ‘abka’ (heaven) and ‘ilha’ (flower) but these are the final and initial consonants of two separate syllables. In most words however, vowels are separated by single consonants. == Syllable structure in Manchu == The Manchu language has the following syllable structures: {| |- |'''Manchu Syllable Structure''' |'''Example''' |- |V |‘a-’ in a-ma (father) |- |VV |‘ai’ what |- |VC |‘am-‘ in am-ban (official) |- |VCC |‘axx-‘ in axxasun (verb) |- |CV |‘du-’ in du-ka (gate) |- |CVV |‘moo’ (wood) |- |CVVC |‘duin’ (four) |- |CVC |‘den’ (high) |- |CVCC |‘faxx-‘ in faxx-an (effort) |- |CVVV |‘elioi’ (吕 - a Chinese surname) |- |} Out of the above syllable structures, CVVV is extremely rare as it can only occur with the triphthong ‘ioi’; and both VCC and CVCC are also quite rare as they can only occur with one of the two doubled consonants ‘tt’ or ‘xx’ or with the combined consonants ‘rs’. == Vowel harmony == The Manchu language is subject to the rules of vowel harmony, therefore only certain vowels can appear together in the same word and that the vowel in the first syllable of a word must be of the same type as the vowel in the second syllable. Note: vowel harmony in Manchu isn’t as strict as in Turkic or Mongolic languages. Manchu vowels fall into the following three categories: * Front vowels (阴性) e * Back vowels (阳性) a,o,v * Neutral vowels (中性) u,i In theory, front and back vowels can not exist in the same word, although there are some examples of this (ajige - small). However, neutral vowels can exist with both front and back vowels. There are two forms of vowel harmony: === Vowel harmony within a stem === This form of vowel harmony involves the vowels within a particular stem (a word with no suffixes) harmonising. In general one word will only have the following combinations of vowels (the first vowel is the vowel in the first syllable): {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |‘a’ and one of |‘a’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |‘e’ and one of |‘e’, ‘i’, ‘u’ |- |‘i’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |‘o’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘v’ |- |‘u’ and one of |‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |‘v’ and one of |‘a’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’, ‘v’ |- |} Note: the vowel ‘o’ vary rarely exists in a word with other vowels, and if it does it is nearly always with ‘a’,’v’,’i’ or occasionally ‘e’, but basically never with ‘u’. The vowels ‘u’ and ‘i’ can go with all other vowels === Stem-suffix vowel harmony === Stem-suffix vowel harmony involves the vowels of a stem harmonising with the vowels of whatever suffix is attached to that stem. The rules are a bit different for stems with single, double or multiple syllables: '''Single Syllable Stems''' {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |'''Stem''' |'''Suffix''' |- |a |a |- |- |o |o |- |e |e |- |i,u |Usually 'e' |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |} '''Double Syllable Stems''' {| |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |'''Stem''' |'''Suffix''' |- |a-a, a-v, a-u, o-i, v-i, a-i, u-i, i-i |a |- |o-o, a-o |o |- |e-e, o-e, e-u, e-i, i-u, u-u |e |- |................................................... |................................................... |- |} * Note: there are exceptions to the above rules for double syllable stems, but in most cases the above rules hold. '''Multiple Syllable Stems''' * In general, stems terminating in 'a', 'e' or 'o' take the corresponding vowel in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables terminating in 'i' or 'u' and proceded by 'e' generally take 'e' in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables terminating in 'i' or 'u' and proceded by 'a', 'u' or 'v' generally take 'a' in the suffix. * Stems with multiple syllables with 'u' and 'v' generally take 'a' in the suffix. Notes: * Some suffixes such as ‘de’ ‘-bu’ etc are fixed and do not change. * Some words use the vowels ‘a’ and ‘e’ to distinguish between masculine and feminine concepts, e.g. haha (man), hehe (woman). * There are two forms of the letters ‘k’, ‘g’, and ‘h’, a back form for the vowels ‘a’,’o’,’v’, and a front form for the vowels ‘e’,’u’,’i’. * There are also two forms of the letters ‘d’, and ‘t’, a back form for the letters ‘a’, ‘o’, ‘i’, and a front form for the letters ‘e’ and ‘u’. == Nouns == Manchu nouns have number and case but do not really have gender. Nouns can consist solely of a stem such as 'bithe' (book), be formed by adding suffixes to other words, or be formed by adding two nouns together such as 'ahvn deo' (brothers). The most common suffixes that can be added to words to form nouns include: {| |- |............................................................ |............................................................ |- |'''Suffixes used with verb stems ''' |'''Examples''' |- | -n |taci'''n''' – Learning. From the verb stem '''taci'''mbi (to study) |- | -gan, -gen, -gon, -han, -hen, -hon |niru'''gan''' – Drawing. From the verb stem '''niru'''mbi (to draw) |- | -ku, -kv |ana'''kv''' - Key. From the verb stem '''ana'''mbi (to push) |- | -cun |buye'''cun''' - Love. From the verb stem '''buye'''mbi (to love) |- |'''Suffixes used with nouns and verbs''' |'''Examples''' |- | -si |usi'''si''' – Farmer. From the noun usin (field) |- | -ci |adu'''ci''' - Herdsman. From the noun adun (herd) |- | -ji, -lji, -mji, -nju |boigo'''ji''' – Host. From the noun boigon (family) |- |............................................................ |............................................................ |- |} Note: of the above suffixes, the suffixes –ku,-kv are used for instruments, the suffix –cun is used for abstract concepts, and the suffixes –si, -ci, and –ji are used to denote people by what they do (Gorelova, M. P.198). When adding suffixes to nouns, the final ‘-n’ is often dropped. ==== Gender of Manchu Nouns ==== Nouns usually do not have gender, although some obviously masculine nouns have masculine vowels, while feminine nouns have feminine vowels, e.g. haha (man), hehe (woman), ama (father) and eme (mother). ==== Number: ==== There are several ways to express the plural in Manchu: <u>Through the use of the suffix -sa (-se, -so, -si)</u> * E.g. manju'''sa''' - Manchu'''s''' <u>Through use of one of the suffixes -ta, -te, -ri.</u> * This is mostly used for family relationships (note final 'n' is often omitted). * E.g. ama'''ta''' - father'''s''' * The suffix '-ri' is only used with a few words. E.g. mafa'''ri''' - grandfathers/ancestors <u>Through the use of adjectives</u> * like geren (many/all), eiten (all), tumen (a myriad) or verbally with gemu (all) * E.g. tumen jaka - The myriad things (万物) ==== Case ==== Manchu has five cases. Cases can be attached to the proceeding noun or written separately: <u>Nominative (no suffix).</u> * This is the natural case and has no suffix. * E.g. bithe - book <u>Genitive (-i, -ni after -ng).</u> * This case is used to show the possessive. The suffix -i (-ni) can also be used for instrumental case which shows the means or cause of which something happens. * E.g. ere oci mini eme '''i''' bithe - This is my mother''''s''' book (''Possessive'') * E.g. mafa gurun '''i''' ilha - The fatherland''''s''' flowers (''Possessive'') * E.g. manju gisun '''i''' arambi - To write '''by means of''' Manchu (''Instrumental'') <u>Dative/Locative (-de).</u> * This case is used to show location or direction (at/to). * E.g. Direction: Harbin '''de''' genehe - He went '''to''' Harbin (''Dative'') * E.g. Location: Harbin '''de''' manjusa labdu - There are many Manchus '''in''' Harbin (''Locative'') * E.g. Beijing '''de''' niyengniyeri isinaha - '''In''' Beijing spring has arrived <u>Accusative (-be).</u> * This case is used to make a noun the direct object of an action. * E.g. i ere bithe '''be''' mini eme de buha - He gave '''this''' book to my mother * E.g. te mini eme inenggidari manju gisun '''be''' tacimbi - Now my mother studies '''Manchu''' everyday. * E.g. be mafa gurun '''be''' hairambi - We love the '''fatherland''' <u>Ablative (-ci).</u> * This case is used to show point of departure or for comparison. * E.g. monggo gurun '''ci''' jihe niyalma - The people who came '''from''' Mongolia (''Point of departure'') * E.g. nikan gisun '''ci''' manju gisun ja - Manchu is easier '''than''' Chinese (''Comparison'') * E.g. emu inenggi '''ci''' emu inenggi halukan oho - Each day is hotter '''than''' the one before (''Comparison'') == Pronouns == === Personal pronouns === As with nouns, personal pronouns in Manchu also have different cases. The normal form of Manchu personal pronouns is expressed by using the nominative case. See following table for list of all personal pronouns in the 5 different cases: {| |..................................................... |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |'''Personal Pronoun''' |'''Nominative ''' |'''Genitive ''' |'''Dative/Loctv ''' |'''Accusative ''' |'''Ablative ''' |- |''Singular'' | | | | | |- |'''1st Person''' |bi |mini |minde |mimbe |minci |- |'''2nd Person''' |si |sini |sinde |simbe |sinci |- |'''3rd Person''' |i |ini |inde |imbe |inci |- |''Plural'' | | | | | |- |'''1st Person (incl.)''' |muse |musei |musede |musebe |museci |- |'''1st Person (excl.)''' |be |meni |mende |membe |menci |- |'''2nd Person''' |suwe |suweni |suwende |suwembe |suwenci |- |'''3rd Person''' |ce |ceni |cende |cembe |cenci |- |..................................................... |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |} * The personal pronoun in the nominative case is the ordinary form of the pronoun, e.g. bi = I, si = you, i = he/she/it, be = we (excl.), muse = we (incl.), suwe = you (plural), ce = they/them * For the singular first personal pronoun "I" the different forms are: nominative '''bi''' "I"; genitive '''mini''' "my"; dative/locative '''minde''' "to/at me"; accusative '''mimbe''' "me"; ablative '''minci''' "from me". All the other personal pronouns follow the same pattern. * As with Chinese, Manchu has two versions of the 1st plural personal pronoun: an exclusive version ‘be’, and an inclusive version ‘muse’. * To express the idea of oneself, you would use the genitive form of the personal pronoun and follow it with the word ‘beye’ (body). E.g. mini beye (myself), sini beye (yourself). * The possessive pronoun is formed by adding the suffix ‘-ngge’ after the genitive form of the personal pronoun. E.g. mini-ngge (mine). Ere bithe miningge (this book is mine). * The suffix '-ngge' is a possessive suffix which does not change with the rules of vowel harmony. When written it is proceeded by the genitive case and therefore becomes one of '-ingge' or '-ningge'. In the case of use with personal pronouns, it is already proceeded by the genitive form of the pronoun so remains '-ngge'. It can be translated as belong to, and is often written separately from the noun. E.g. ejen ningge - belonging to the master. Now for some examples of the different cases: '''Nominative''' * '''bi''' manju gisun be tacimbi - '''I''' study the Manchu language * '''i''' oci manju niyalma - '''He''' is Manchu '''Genitive''' * '''mini''' gucu oci manju niyalma - '''My''' friend is Manchu * '''meni''' eme oci mafa gurun - '''Our''' mother is the fatherland '''Dative/Locative''' * '''sinde''' ai baita bi? - What issue do '''you (at)''' have? * tere emu debtelin (mw for book) bithe be '''minde''' buki (to give imp) - Can you please give '''(to) me''' this book '''Accusative''' * mafa gurun '''membe''' ujime hvwaxabuha - The fatherland raised '''us (object)''' * bi '''cembe''' emu biya onggolo takaha - I met '''him (object)''' one month ago '''Ablative''' * i '''minci''' juwe se ajige - He is two years younger '''than me''' * si '''minci''' tulgiyen we takambi? - Apart '''from me''' who do you know? === Demonstrative pronouns === The demonstrative pronouns in Manchu are: {| |............................................ |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |'''Case''' |'''This''' |'''These''' |'''That''' |'''Those''' |- |'''Nominative''' |ere |ese |tere |tese |- |'''Genitive''' |erei (ereni) |esei |terei |tesei |- |'''Dative/locative''' |erede (ede) |esede |terede (tede) |tesede |- |'''Accusative''' |erebe |esebe |terebe |tesebe |- |'''Ablative''' |ereci |eseci |tereci |teseci |- |............................................ |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |} === Interrogative pronouns === The main interrogative pronouns in Manchu are (note the cases): {| |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |- |we |Who |aibide, yabade |At/to what place |- |ai |What |adarame |How |- |ya |What, who |aici |What type |- |ainu |Why |udu |How many |- |aibi, yaba |What place/where |aba |Where |- |................................. |................................. |................................. |................................. |- |} == Numerals == === Manchu cardinal numerals === The cardinal numbers in Manchu are: {| |- |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |- |emu (emke) |1 |juwan jakvn |18 |- |juwe |2 |juwan uyun |19 |- |ilan |3 |orin |20 |- |duin |4 |orin emu |21 |- |sunja |5 |gvsin |30 |- |ninggun |6 |dehu |40 |- |nadan |7 |susai |50 |- |jakvn |8 |ninju |60 |- |uyun |9 |nadanju |70 |- |juwan |10 |jakvnju |80 |- |juwan emu |11 |uyunju |90 |- |juwan juwe |12 |tanggv |100 |- |juwan ilan |13 |juwe tanggv susai emu |251 |- |juwan duin |14 |minggan |1,000 |- |tofohon |15 |tumen |10,000 |- |juwan ninggun |16 |juwan tumen |100,000 |- |juwan nadan |17 |tanggv tumen |1,000,000 |- |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |...................................... |- |} Note: the number for 15 is irregular === Manchu ordinal numerals === Ordinal numbers in Manchu are formed by adding ‘-ci’ to the end of the cardinal form of the number. In the case of numbers that end in an ‘n’, the final n is dropped (except for in the case of juwan and tumen). E.g: * emuci (First) * juwe tanggv susai emuci (251st) * ningguci (Sixth) * minggaci (One thousandth) * juwanci (Tenth) * tumenci (Ten thousandth) * juwan duici (Fourteenth) === Manchu distributive numerals === Distributive numerals can be formed by adding the suffix ‘-ta’, ‘-te’ or ‘-to’ depending on the rules of vowel harmony. E.g.: * ilata (one of three) * tofohoto (one of 15) * emte (one each). === Manchu multiplicative numerals === As for multiplicative numerals, one can either use the word ‘ubu’ (times), or use one of the postpositions such as ‘mudan’ (time), ‘jergi’ (time). E.g.: * juwe ubu (twice) * juwe mudan (twice) * juwe jergi (twice) === Manchu fractions === Fractional numerals can be formed by either using the genitive or ablative case, or by using the dative/locative case in combination with the word ‘ubu’ (times). E.g * sunja i emu (1/5) * sunja ci emu (1/5) * sunja ubu de emu ubu (1/5). == Adjectives == Adjectives can be divided into: * Original Adjectives(性质形容词) * Adjectives formed from other words (派生形容词) ==== Original adjectives ==== Original adjectives are adjectives that are not formed from other types of words. Original adjectives can be divided into: <u>Adjectives describing special features of a person or an object.</u> For example: * amba (big) * ajige (small) * golmin (long) <u>Adjectives describing the character (nature) of a person or object.</u> For example: * sain (good) * ice (new) * fe (old) <u>Adjectives describing the action or change of state of a person or object.</u> For example: * hanci (near) * labdu (many) * goro (far away) ==== Adjectives formed from other words ==== These are adjectives that are formed by adding suffixes (subject to the rules of vowel harmony) to nouns, verbs, or original adjectives. Adjectives formed from other words can be divided into: <u>Adjectives formed from nouns</u> These adjectives are formed by adding the suffix '''‘-ngge’, ‘-ngga’''', or '''‘-nggo’''' to the end of a noun. This suffix is similar in many ways to Chinese 的 (except it is not a true possessive suffix). For example, enduri (spirit/神) --> enduri-'''ngge''' (holy/神圣的) and can basically be translated as "to possess the quality of....". The suffix '-ngge' but not '-ngga' or '-nggo' later became a proper possessive suffix (like Chinese 的). When written it is proceeded by the genitive case and therefore becomes one of '-ingge' or '-ningge'. In the case of use with personal pronouns, it is already proceeded by the genitive form of the pronoun so remains '-ngge'. It can be translated as 'belongging to', and is often written separately from the noun. E.g. ejen ningge - belonging to the master. <u>Adjectives formed from verbs</u> These can be divided into three types: * Adjectives that can be formed from verbs by adding the suffix '''‘-cuka’, ‘-cuke’'''. * Adjectives that can be formed from verbs by adding the suffix (these are also occasionally used to form adjectives from nouns) '''‘-shvn’, ‘-shun’ ‘-hvn’, ‘-hun’'''. * Adjectives that can be formed from verbs by adding the suffix '''‘-su’, ‘-be’, ‘-ba’'''. <u>Adjectives formed from original adjectives</u> These adjectives are formed by adding the suffix '''‘-linggv’, ‘-linggu’''' to the end of original adjectives. Note: adjectives that end in an ‘n’ drop the ‘n’ when adding the suffix ‘-linggu’, or ‘-linggv’. The suffix ‘-linggu’ can be translated as ‘very’. E.g. if you add ‘-lingu’ to the adjective amba (big) you get ambalinggu (huge). These suffixes are summarised in this table: {| |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |'''Original word is a:''' |'''Suffix''' |'''Example''' |'''Translation''' |- |Noun | -ngge, -ngga, -nggo |orho (grass) |orhonggo (grassy) |- |Verb (1) | -cuke, -cuka |gelembi (to fear) |gelecuke (scary) |- |Verb (2) | -shvn, -shun, -hun, -hvn |ekiyembi (to reduce) |ekiyehun (insufficient) |- |Verb (3) | -su, -be, -ba |kicembi (to be diligent) |kicebe (diligently) |- |Original Adjctive | -linggv, -linggu |amba (big) |ambalinggu (huge) |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |} ==== Forms of Manchu adjectives ==== Manchu adjectives have three different forms (级): <u>The normal form (原级)</u> This is the normal form of the adjective and does not include any suffixes. E.g: * den alin (high mountain) * ice bithe (new book) <u>The comparative form (比较级)</u> This form only applies to original adjectives, and involves a comparison, i.e. bigger, smaller etc. To form the comparative form a suffix is added to the end of the adjective to change its meaning. The main suffixes are: * -kan (-ken, -kon, -gan, -gen, -cen) * -liyan (-liyen), -meliyan * -shun, -shvn * -si * -linggv (-linggu) (see 5.2) With these suffixes the final ‘n’ of the adjective stem is dropped when the suffix is added. E.g. ‘den’ (high) + -ken becomes ‘deken’ (higher, comparatively high). Examples of the use of these suffixes include: {| |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |'''Suffix''' |'''Meaning''' |'''Example''' |- | -kan, (-ken, -kon, -gan, -gen, -cen) |Rather, somewhat |ambakan (somewhat bigger) |- | -liyan (-liyen), -meliyan |A bit, somewhat |adaliliyan (a bit similar) |- | -linggv (-linggu) |Very |ambalinggv (huge, very big) |- | -shvn (-shun) |Rather |aibishvn (rather swollen) |- | -si |Rather |ajigesi (rather small) |- |........................................................ |........................................................ |........................................................ |- |} The comparative can also be formed by placing the word ‘majige’ (a bit) before the adjective. E.g majige amba (a bit big). When creating comparative constructions, the ablative case marker is used: * E.g. nikan gisun '''ci''' manju gisun ja - Manchu is easier than Chinese * E.g. emu inenggi '''ci''' emu inenggi halukan oho - Each day is hotter than the one before <u>The superlative form (最高级)</u> The superlative form of the Manchu can be formed by placing an adverb before the adjective. For example: * ‘jaci’ - jaci amba – very big * ‘umesi’ – umesi sain – very good It can also be formed by using the comparative construction, or by use of the genitive case. For example: * geren ci amba - bigger than all (the biggest) * ujui uju oyonggo baita - the first of the first important thing (the most important thing) == Verbs == ==== Introduction ==== Manchu verbs (except for three non-changing verbs) all consist of a stem and a final. The dictionary form of a Manchu verb is the present tense form, which includes the verb stem and the suffix ‘-mbi’. E.g.: Arambi (to write) consists of ara + -mbi. All changes for mood or tense in Manchu verbs are done by removing the suffix ‘-mbi’ and by adding another suffix to indicate the tense or mood of the verb (more on this later). Manchu verbs can be divided into: * <u>Original verbs (固有动词)</u> – These are verbs that are not derived from nouns, adjectives or other verbs and include verbs such as ‘arambi’ (to write) etc. * <u>Verbs derived from other words (派生动词)</u> – These are verbs that are derived from either nouns, adjectives or other verbs (see voice of Manchu verbs). Verbs derived from nouns and adjectives are usually formed by adding one of the following suffixes (see table for list of common suffixes) to the end of a noun or an adjective (note the final ‘n’ of the noun or adjective being turned into a verb is usually dropped): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |'''Suffix''' |'''Noun or adjective''' |'''Verb formed by adding suffix''' |- |‘-ta’ (te, to) |dasan (politics, management) |dasatambi (to put in order) |- |‘-da’ (de, do) |jali (crafy) |jalidambi (to cheat) |- |‘-na’ (ne, no) |acan (a union) |acanambi (to meet) |- |‘-la’ (le) |aba (a hunt) |abalambi (to hunt) |- |‘-ra’ (re, ro) |gisun (language) |gisurembi (to speak) |- |‘-xa’ (xe, xo) |adali (similar) |adalixambi (to be similar) |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} ==== Regular, irregular and non-changing verbs ==== Verbs can also be divided into three categories depending on the change in the verb suffix: <u>Regular verbs</u> – These are verbs that follow regular suffix change patterns. <u>Irregular verbs</u> – These are verbs that don’t follow regular suffix change patterns (see irregular verb table 8.3 for full list). <u>Non-changing verbs</u> – These are three verbs that only have one fixed form. These verbs consist of only a verb stem, although grammatically, they feature all the same properties as regular and irregular verbs. The three non-changing verbs are: * ‘bi’ – To have (有). * ‘akv’ – To not have (没有). * ‘joo’ – To forget about it, not worry about it (算了) ==== Tense (时) in Manchu verbs ==== Unlike say French, the conjugation of Manchu verbs is constant regardless of the person doing the action. I.e. the conjugation for you went and I went would both be 'gene'''he''''. This means only one suffix has to be learnt for each of the tenses. It is convenient to split Manchu tenses into simple tenses (of which there are three) and complex tenses all of which are formed from the simple tenses with the addition of either converbs (such as -me or -fi) or auxiliary verbs (such as bi). See table: {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |'''Tense (时)''' |'''Suffix''' |'''Example''' |'''Translation''' |- |'''Simple Tenses''' | | | |- |Present/Future | -mbi |ara'''mbi''' |I write / I shall write |- |Present/Future | -ra (-re, -ro) |ara'''ra''' |I shall write / I write |- |Past | -ha (-he, -ho, -ka, -ke, -ko) |ara'''ha''' |I wrote |- |'''Past tenses''' | | | |- |Indefinite Past | -habi (-hebi, -hobi) |ara'''habi''' |I have written |- |Pluperfect | -ha bihe, -ha bihebi |ara'''ha bihe''' |I had written |- |Imperfect 1 | -mbihe, -mbihebi |ara'''mbihe''' |I was writing |- |Imperfect 2 | -me bihe, -me bihebi |ara'''me bihebi''' |I was writing |- |'''Present tenses''' | | | |- |Present Continuous 1 | -me bi, -me bimbi |ara'''me bi''' |I am writing |- |Present Continuous 2 | -me ilihabi |ara'''me ilihabi''' |I am writing |- |Present Continuous 3 | -mahabi |ara'''mahabi''' |I am writing |- |Present Continuous 4 | -me bisire + noun |obo'''me bisire''' jui |The child who is washing |- |Present Continuous 5 | -me bisire + postpostn |obo'''me bisire''' de |While in the process of washing |- |Past Continuous 1 | -ha bi |ara'''ha bi''' |Still writing (仍然在写) |- |Past Continuous 2 | -fi bi |ara'''fi bi''' |Still writing (还在写) |- |Past Continuous 3 | -hai bi (-hei bi, hoi bi) |ara'''hai bi''' |I’ve been continuously writing 一直写 |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some examples of the different tenses include: '''Present/future tense 1''' * bi niyengniyeri forgon be cihala'''mbi''' - I love spring * te absi gene'''mbi'''? - Where are you going now? * suwayan bira mederi de eyeme dosi'''mbi''' - The yellow river flows into the sea '''Present/future tense 2''' * mini ama Harbin de ere manju gisun taci'''re''' bithe be udaha - In Harbin my father bought this book to learn Manchu * cimari ili'''re''' ilirakv be sarkv - I don't know if we can stop tomorrow or not '''Past tense''' * Beijing de niyengniyeri isina'''ha''' - In Beijing spring has arrived * birai juhe emgeri weme deribu'''ha''' - The river ice has already started to melt * ilha yafan de hacin hacin i ilha gemu ila'''ka''' - In the gardens all types of flowers are flowering '''Indefinite past''' * sini hendurengge inu, mini mujilen de inu uttu gvni'''habi''' - What you said is true, in my heart I had thought that too '''Pluperfect''' * '''Imperfect''' * '''Present Continuous''' * bi te manju gisun be taci'''me ilihabi''' - I am currently studying Manchu '''Past Continuous''' * ==== Voice (态) in Manchu verbs ==== Manchu verbs have seven different voices (态). The first voice is the subjective voice, which is the normal verb form. All other voices are formed by adding a suffix between the stem of the verb and the final ‘-mbi’. This forms a new verb. For example: taci-mbi (to study), taci-bu-mbi (to teach). Tacibumbi is the active form of the verb tacimbi and therefore has a completely different meaning. Note: suffixes for tense and mood can be added to the end of the new form of the verb as the suffixes for voice are part of the verb stem. E.g. tacibuha (I taught), tacibura (I will teach), etc. The seven voices (note the two directional voices count as one voice) are: <u>1) 主动 Subjective</u> This is the normal voice of the verb and does not take any suffix. E.g. * tacimbi - To study <u>2) 使动 Active (-bu-, -(m)bu-)</u> This voice shows that you are doing the action to something or someone. You would usually use the case marker ‘be’ to show what you are doing the action to. E.g. * bi simbe manju gisun taci'''bu'''ha - I taught you Manchu * bi imbe gene'''bu'''he - I let him go <u>3) 被动 Passive (-bu-, -(m)bu-) </u> This voice shows that the action is being done to you. You would usually use the case marker ‘de’ to indicate the direction of the action. E.g. * bi tere de tanta'''bu'''ha - I was bashed up by him <u>4) 方向去 Dir (to) (-na-, -ne-, -no-)</u> This voice shows the direction of an action and is similar to English ‘to go’. E.g. * bithe hvla'''na'''mbi - To go and read * si bithe uda'''na'''ci - If you go and buy books <u>5) 方向来 Dir (fr) (-ji-, -(n)ji-)</u> This voice shows the direction of an action and is similar to English ‘to come’.E.g. * bithe hvla'''ji'''mbi - To come and read * Xiao Wang ya erinde isin'''ji'''mbi? - When does xiao Wang arrive? <u>6) 齐动 Cooperative (-ca-, -ce-, -co-)</u> This voice indicates that an action is being done by a group. It is similar to the English word ‘together’. E.g. * tese tacikv de efi'''ce'''mbi - They are playing together at school * eten i forgon de urgule'''ce'''he - Together we celebrate in victory <u>7) 互动 Reciprocal (-nu-, -ndu-)</u> This voice is used to indicate reciprocal action. It is similar to the English word ‘each other’. E.g. * nadan gurun ada'''ndu'''me nakarakv - The seven kingdoms fought each other without end * niyalmasa ishunde aisila'''ndu'''mbi - The people help each other out <u>8) 连续 Continuous (-da-,-de-;-ta-,-te-;-xa-,-xe-,-xo-; -ca-,-ce-,-co-; -ja-,-je-, -jo-)</u> This voice is used to indicate the continuous nature of an action and is like English ‘always’, or ‘often’ * bi simbe aisila'''ta'''mbi - I often/always help you ==== Forms (式) of the Manchu verb ==== The Manchu verb has 6 basic forms: <u>1) Affirmative </u> This is the normal form of the verb. E.g. * bi te manju gisun be tacime ilihabi - I am currently studying Manchu * boode mini ama bi - My father is at home * bi abalara de indahvn gamambi - I take dogs when I go hunting <u>2) Negative</u> This form is the negative form of the verb. Manchu unlike English forms the negative form of a verb by adding suffixes to the verb stem. The two negative forms of Manchu verbs are: {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Present negative | -rakv |ara'''rakv''' |Don’t write |- |Past negative | -hakv (-hekv, -hokv) |ara'''hakv''' |Didn’t write |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the negative form are: * bi harbin de gene'''hekv''' - I did not go to Harbin * bi manju gisun be gisure'''rakv''' - I don't speak Manchu <u>3) Interrogative</u> This is the question form of the verb. The interrogative form has both a positive and a negative form. The negative form is then further divided into a present and past negative interrogative form. The negative interrogative from is basically formed by adding -n to the end of the negative form of the verb (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Interrogative | -o |arara'''o'''? |Are you writing? |- |Negative Interrogative (present) | -rakvn |ara'''rakvn'''? |Are you not writing? |- |Negative Interrogative (past) | -hakvn(-hekvn, -hokvn) |ara'''hakvn'''? |Did you not write? |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the interrogative form are: * si abalara de indahvn gamambi'''o'''? - Do you take dogs when you go hunting? * si xiao wang be tuwa'''rakvn'''? - Do you not see Xiao Wang? * si harbin de gene'''hekvn'''? - Haven't you been to Harbin? <u>4) Imperative</u> The imperative form is the form of the verb that is used when you want to tell somebody to do (or not do) something. In Manchu there is a polite imperative form, a negative imperative form and a normal imperative form (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Imperative | |ara |Write! |- |Imperative (negative) |ume ……. -ra (-re, -ro) |ume ara'''ra''' |Don’t write |- |Imperative (pol 1) | -rao (-reo, -roo) |ara'''rao''' |Write please |- |Imperative (pol 1) | -ki |bu'''ki''' |Please give |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the imperative form are: * tuwa (look!) * inde '''ume''' tuwa'''ra''' - Don't look at him * si gala be obu'''roo''' - Wash your hands please * minde tere bithe be bu'''ki''' - Can you please give me that book <u>5) Optative</u> The optative form is where you want another person to do something. There are three different optative forms in Manchu (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Optative 1 | -kini |ara'''kini''' |May he write |- |Optative 2 | -cina |ara'''cina''' |I hope you will write |- |Optative 3 | -kini sembi |mara'''kini sembi''' |I want you to return |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the optative form are: * si ere buda be jacina - I hope you will eat this food * bi simbe harbin hoton de genekini sembi - I want you to go to Harbin <u>6) Desiderative</u> The desiderative form is where you want to do something. It corresponds to English I want to, or I will. Note the -ki form of the desiderative can also be used as a polite imperative. There are two different desiderative forms in Manchu (see table): {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |Desiderative 1 | -ki |ara'''ki''' |I will write |- |Desiderative 2 | -ki sembi |taci'''ki sembi''' |I want to study |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} Some further examples of the desiderative form are: * bi sinde majige okto bu'''ki''' - I will give you some medicine * bi amga'''ki sembi''' - I want to sleep ==== Converbs (副动词) ==== The main converbs in Manchu are: <u>1) Coordinative -me </u> This converb modifies the following verb and can be used to link several verbs. It also expresses simultaneous action, or can be used to start a quote. E.g. * ai baita be ara'''me''' genembi? (what are you going to do) * yacin gvlmahvn sakda niman i boode efi'''me''' genehe (the black rabbit went to the old mountain goat's house to play.) * suwe ai erinde guri'''me''' jihengge? (when did you move here?) * ajige xanyan gvlmahvn jabu'''me''':... (the small white rabbit said:....) <u>2) Subordinative -fi </u> Refers to a sequence of actions where one action is completed before another one begins. It is like English 'then', and also a bit like 'because' E.g. * bi gene'''fi''' tuwaki (I will go and (then) have a look) * ajige yacin gvlmahvn lafu sogi be gai'''fi''', hendume:"yeyede baniha!" (the small black rabbit took the bok choi and then said: thank you grandfather) * yacin gvlmahvn ningge jetere jaka akv o'''fi''', geli sakda niman i boode sogi baime genehe (As the small black rabit had nothing to eat, he then went to the old mountain goat's house to ask for more vegetables) <u>3) Conditional -ci</u> This is the conditional converb and is similar to English 'if'. E.g. * bi tuwa'''ci''' (if I look) * jalan de suwe akv'''ci''' ergen de jurgan akv ni (If this world did not have you all, then life would have no meaning) * si Harbin de gene'''ci''' (if you go to Harbin) <u>4) Durative -hai (-hei, -hoi)</u> This converb is used to express that an action occurs or continues at the same time as another action is performed. E.g. * necimbi'''hei''' yabumbi (to continuously invade) <u>5) Terminative -tala (-tele, -tolo) </u> This converb is used to show that an action occurs up to a certain time. * ara'''tala''' (until he writes) * te'''tele''' (till now) <u>6) Instrumental -tai (-tei, -toi)</u> This converb is used to show that an action is being forced * buce'''tei''' daharakv (I will not submit even if I die) <u>7) Preparative -nggala (-nggele, -nggolo)</u> This converb is like English ‘before’ * utala inenggi o'''nggolo''' (several days ago) <u>8) Concessive -cibe </u> This converb is like Enlgish ‘although’ * tuttu bi'''cibe''' (although it is like that) <u>9) Alternative -ralame (-relame, -rolame)</u> This converb is used to show that two actions are being performed at the same time * bi yabu'''ralame''' tuwambi (looking as I’m going along) <u>10) Simultaneous -mbime</u> This converb is used to show that one action is occurring (or not) while another action takes place * si baita be sambi se'''mbime''', ainu takarakv (while you say you know about the matter, how come you don’t?) ==== auxiliary verbs (助动词) ==== Three important auxiliary verbs in Manchu are: * sembi – sembi means ‘to say’ * ombi – ‘ombi’ can be translated as ‘to become’, ‘to be’, ‘to act as’, * bimbi – ‘bimbi’ can be translated as ‘to be or ‘is’. ==== Irregular verbs (table) ==== This table is a list of all the irregular Manchu verbs and their irregular forms. Note a blank space indicates that this form of the verb is regular. Note verbs where the suffix ‘-fi’ becomes ‘-pi’ or ‘-mpi’ are not included. {| |- |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |- |'''Dictionary form''' |'''Meaning''' |'''Past tense''' |'''Future Tense''' |'''Imperative''' |- |gerembi |Dawn |gereke |gerendere | |- |guwembi |To avoid |guwengke |guwendere | |- |colgorombi |To be complete |colgoroko | | |- |ombi |To become, can | |ojoro |oso |- |gvmbi |To bite furiously | |gvndere | |- |gvwaliyambi |To change |gvwaliyaka | | |- |jimbi |To come | |jidere |jio |- |wasimbi |To descend, be defeated |wasika (wasiha) | |wasinu |- |jembi |To eat |jeke (jengke) |jetere (jendere) |jefu |- |tucimbi |To exit, to set out, to come out |tucike (tucihe) | |tucinu |- |sumbi |To explain, to get rid of |suhe (sungke) | | |- |jailambi |To flee, hide | |jailara (jailandara) | |- |ukambi |To flee, hide |ukaha (ukaka) | | |- |bahambi |To get |baha | | |- |xahvrambi |To get a cold |xahvraka | | |- |yombi |To go | |yoro (yondoro) | |- |bimbi |To have / at | |bisire |bisu |- |xumbi |To know completely |xungke | | |- |baimbi |To look for | | |baisu |- |wembi |To melt into |wengke |were (wendere) | |- |juwambi |To open, open one's mounth |jawangka (juwaka) | | |- |hafumbi |To pass through |hafuka |hafundara | |- |jombi |To raise |jongko |jondoro | |- |wesimbi |To raise |wesike | |wesina |- |teyembi |To rest | |teyere (teyendere) | |- |eldembi |To shine on |eldeke | | |- |xambi |To stare |xaha (xangka) | | |- |gajimbi |To take back | | |gaju |- |gombi |To take back | |gondoro | |- |gaimbi |To take, to want | | |gaisu |- |fumbi |To wipe |fungke | |- |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |............................................... |- |} == Adverbs == Adverbs are words that modify other words except for nouns. Adverbs usually express the time, place or degree of an action and typically answer questions such as how?, when? why? or where? Manchu adverbs can be primitive adverbs which are indeclinable words such as ‘inu’ (yes) or they can be formed by adding suffixes (usually case markers) to the end of nouns, or pronouns. Most numerals can also be used as adverbs. Some common Manchu adverbs include: {| |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |'''Manchu''' |'''English''' |- |Absi |Where |Gaitai |Suddenly |- |Adarame |How |Gemu |All |- |Aifini |Already |Gubci |All |- |Ainu |Why |Heni |a bit |- |Ambula |Big, many |Ishunde |Each other |- |Ani |Normally |Jaci |Extremely |- |Asuru |Very |Jing |In the process of (正) |- |Atanggi |What time |Juken |At least |- |Beri beri |Each one |Kemuni |Still |- |Biretei |All |Majige |A bit |- |Cohotoi |Especially |Meni meni |Each one |- |Da ani |As before |Mujakv |Extremely |- |Daci |From the beginning |Naranggi |Finally |- |Dade |In the beginning |Ne / te |Now |- |Dembei |Very |Nokai |The most |- |Dule |Originally |Siraduhai |Afterwards |- |Ele |More |Teni |Just thn |- |Elei |More |Tuktan |First tim, start |- |Elekei |Almost |Umesi |Very |- |Emgeri |Already |Ume |Don't, can't |- |Enteheme |Forever |Unde |Still haven't |- |Esa |Very |Urui |Certainly |- |Yooni |All |Urunakv |Certainly |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |} Some locational adverbs (with their noun form) include: {| |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |'''Meaning''' |'''Noun''' |'''Locative (where)''' |'''Directional (where to)''' |- | |'''-la/-le/-lo''' |'''-rgi''' |'''-si''' |- |East |Dele |Dergi |(wesihun) |- |West |Wala |Wargi |(wasihvn) |- |South |(Juleri) |Julergi |Julesi |- |North |Amala |Amargi |Amasi |- |Middle |Dulin |Dulimbade | |- |In front |(Juleri) |Julergi |Julesi |- |Behind |Amala |Amargi |Amasi |- |Left |Hashv |Hashv ergi | |- |Right |Ici |Ici ergi | |- |Above |Dele,ninggu |Dergi ,ninggude |wesihun |- |Below |Fejile ,wala |Fejergi,wargi |wasihvn |- |Inside |Dolo |Dorgi |Dosi |- |Outside |Tule (tuleri) |Tulergi |Tulesi |- |On top |Oilo |Oilorgi | |- |Here |Ebele |Ebergi |Ebsi |- |There |Cala |Cargi |Casi |- |................................... |................................... |................................... |................................... |- |} == Postpositions == Some of the more commonly used Manchu postpositons are: {| |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |adali |The same as |jakade |Because of, when |- |baru |To |jalin |Because |- |canggi |Only |manggi |After |- |dahame |Because of this |nerginde |When |- |ebsi |Since |ninggude |On top of |- |emde |Together with |onggolo |Before |- |emgi |Together with |saka |And then |- |ergide |At … direction |sidende |When |- |fonde |When |songkoi |In accordance with |- |haran |Because of |tetendere |Since… |- |ici |To, right |tulgiyen |Apart from this.. |- |ishvn |To, across from |turgunde |Because of |- |jaka |Just then | | |- |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |......................................... |- |} == Linking Words == Some of the more commonly used Manchu linking words are: {| |- |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |- |jai… |…and… |bime… |… and at the same time … |- |emu derei ......emu derei...... |…on the one hand…. And on the other… |ememu ....... ememu ......　　　 |… on the one hand …. And on the other… |- |ememungge ...... ememungge .....　 |… on the one hand …. And on the other… |eici ........ eici ........... |Either…..or…… |- |embici........... embici..........　 |Either…..or…… |........teile akv......... Inu/geli　 |Not only….. But also…. |- |.........dade, geli |Not only….. But also… |.............sere anggala.............Inu/geli |Not only….. But also… |- |tuttu ofi, uttu ofi, tuttu |Therefore… |….jakade |Because |- |…turgunde |Because |…ofi |Because (after becoming) |- |…ohode |Because of (when it became) |teni… |Then … |- |…seme |Because of... |aika .......... oci |If…then… |- |aikabade ......... oci |If…then… |unenggi .............oci |If…then… |- |..................oci |If…then |.............. ohode , teni ................. |If…then… (more for only if A then B) |- |udu.............. seme |Although… |udu ............ bicibe , inu ................　 |Although… also… |- |udu ............ (verb-)cibe 　 |Although… |udu ............ ocibe , inu.................. |Although… also… |- |udu .................secibe , inu .............. |Although… also… |uthai ............. ocibe　 |Even though… |- |uthai ................. seme 　 |Even though… |uthai ................ okini |Even though… |- |damu |But... only… |tuttu oci… |In that case… |- |uttu oci… |In this case… |tuttu bime… |Yet/however… |- |uttu bime… |Yet/however… |uttu seme… |Yet/however… |- |tuttu secibe… |Yet/however… |neneme… |On the contrary |- |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |.................................................................. |- |} Information on Linking words was taken from the Manchu Sky website (满洲天空网站). More specifically from a post by Baksi titled: 满洲族语的连词 (see link below) [http://manchusky.qq.topzj.com/thread-370098-1-1.html 满洲天空网站-满洲族语的连词] Now for some examples of the different linking words * si ere nikan i bithe be tacirengge, '''eici''' sini cihai tacimbio? ('''eici''') sini ama eniye taci sembio? - Did you study Chinese because you like it '''or''' because your parents told you to study it? * '''uttu oci''' sain kai - ('''In this case''') that is good * ajige xanyan gvlmahvn '''jai''' ajige yacin gvlmahvn - A small white rabbit '''and''' a small black rabbit * ajige yacin gvlmahvn ningge jetere jaka akv '''ofi''', '''geli''' sakda niman i boode sogi baime genehe - '''As''' the small black rabit had nothing to eat, he '''then''' went to the old mountain goat's house to ask for more vegetables * Beijing ni niyengniyeri forgon de edun amba, '''damu''' aga muke komso - In spring in Beijing the wind is strong, '''but''' there isn't much rain. * gebu adali akv '''bicibe''' , daci gemu emu hala - '''Although''' the name is not the same, they originally have the same surname * mini beye '''udu''' buce'''cibe''' , jui bikai - '''Although''' I will die, I have sons <!-- Navigation --> <p style="background: #f2f2f2; border: 1px dashed #e6e6e6; padding-left: 3px; width: 100%; text-align: center;"> [[Manchu/Lesson 10 - Postpositions|Lesson 10 (Postpositions)]] ---- [[Manchu|Contents]] ---- [[Manchu/Lesson 12 - The Manchu Script|Lesson 12 (The Manchu Script)]] </p> <!-- END Navigation --> {{BookCat}} axd1lt4uf2ioe2phmgugmx0kafovqft 0 162545 4641038 3718836 2026-06-23T22:37:55Z Noeiel17 3495772 4641038 wikitext text/x-wiki ==History and origin of the Manchu script== [[Image:Alphabet mandchou (Encyclopédie).jpg|right|600px]] The current Manchu script is a Semitic script from the Aramaic group of Semitic scripts and is written vertically from left to right (although it was originally written horizontally from right to left). The script was spread east via Nestorian Christians and was adopted by the Sogdians, then the Uyghurs and the Mongols, before finally being adopted by the Manchus. Prior to Nurhaci's adoption of the current Manchu script, the Jurchens (ancestors of the Manchus) used the Jurchen script to write the Jurchen language (which is in effect the precursor to modern Manchu). The early Jurchen script was invented in 1120 by Wanyan Xiyin, acting on the orders of Wanyan Aguda. It was based on the Khitan script, that was inspired in turn by Chinese characters. However, because Chinese is an isolating language and the Jurchen and Khitan languages are agglutinative, the script proved to be cumbersome. The written Jurchen language died out soon after the fall of the Jin Dynasty, though its spoken form survived until the end of the sixteenth century, when Manchu became the new literary language. According to the Veritable Records (manju-i yargiyan kooli); (滿洲實錄 Mǎnzhōu Shílù), in 1599 the Manchu leader Nurhaci decided to convert the Mongolian alphabet to make it suitable for the Manchu people. He decried the fact that while illiterate Chinese and Mongolians could understand their respective languages when read aloud, that was not the case for the Manchus, whose documents were recorded by Mongolian scribes. Overriding the objections of two advisors named Erdeni and G'ag'ai, he is credited with adapting the Mongolian script to Manchu. The resulting script was known as 'tongki fuka akū hergen' (script without dots and circles). In 1632, Dahai added diacritical marks to clear up a lot of the ambiguity present in the original Mongolian script; for instance, a leading 'k', 'g', and 'h' are distinguished by the placement of no diacritical mark, a dot, and a circle respectively. This revision created the Standard script, known as 'tongki fuka sindaha hergen' (script with dots and circles). As a result, the Manchu alphabet contains little ambiguity. Recently discovered manuscripts from the 1620s make clear, however, that the addition of dots and circles to Manchu script began before their supposed introduction by Dahai. ==How to learn the Manchu script== There are basically two different ways one can learn the Manchu script: * Learn it as if it was an alphabet (as is done outside of China) * Learn each of the syllables separately (there are a lot of them) via the "12 characters". Most Chinese students of the language learn Manchu this way. This book will introduce both methods. It is suggested that students first learn the 24 letters for sounds native to Manchu (the 10 letters to transliterate Chinese sounds should be excluded at first) as an alphabet and once they are familiar with these 24 letters they can then work through the '12 character tables' (which are just tables of all the different syllables that can be formed by adding a final to one of the letters) so as to gain greater exposure to the script, and also understand the different rules for writing different syllables. By learning the Manchu script this way, students have the advantage of not being burdened with learning hundreds of syllables when they start learning Manchu, and by just learning the 24 letters they can therefore get a basic grasp of the script very quickly. Students can then move on to the 12 character tables and gain a deep understanding of how the script works without having to spend hours memorising each syllable (the syllables are easy to recognise once you know the 24 letters). Once students are familiar with the 24 letters native to Manchu they can then learn the 10 letters used to write Chinese sounds. As mentioned in the introduction to this book, the Manchu script is only taught in lesson 12, as opposed to at the beginning of the book like in most other textbooks. The reason for this is the fact that it is much easier to decipher the script when the student has a basic grasp of the phonetic features of Manchu and a reasonable vocab. ==The 24 letters of the Manchu script== If we analyse the Manchu script as if it was an alphabet (as opposed to a syllabic script) then the Manchu script has 6 letters to represent the six Manchu vowels, and 18 letters to represent Manchu consonants. As with most other Semitic scripts, each letter of the Manchu script has an independent, an initial, medial and final form. If we start first with the 6 vowels (See letters 1-6 in the above chart). The characters are 1='a', 2='e', 3='i', 4='o', 5='u', 6='v'. Most students of Manchu in China learn the Manchu script through the "12 characters", shown below. [[File:Manchu_alphabets_for_transcribing_chinese_loans_words.png|Manchu alphabets for transcribing chinese loans words ]] ==Examples== <!-- Navigation --> <p style="background: #f2f2f2; border: 1px dashed #e6e6e6; padding-left: 3px; width: 100%; text-align: center;"> [[Manchu/Lesson 11 - Grammar Summary|Lesson 11 - (Grammar Summary)]] ---- [[Manchu|Contents]] ---- [[Manchu/Lesson 13 - Reading 1|Lesson 13 (Reading 1)]] </p> <!-- END Navigation --> ==References== * Daniels, P.T., (1996). “Aramaic Scripts for Aramaic Languages”. In Daniels & Bright (eds.) The World’s Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.499-513. * Kara, G., (1996). “Aramaic Scripts for Altaic Languages”. In Daniels & Bright (Ed.), The World’s Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.536-558. * Niu Ruji., (1997). Weiwuerzu gu wenzi yu gu wenxian daolun, [An Introduction to Uighur Scripts & Documents]. Xinjiang renmin chubanshe, [Xinjiang People’s Publishing House]. {{BookCat}} fxclcc45eb3dfhk045l4tiof8x6hjgc 0 226983 4641061 4640284 2026-06-24T09:30:16Z Conan 3188 Memory: TLB section, VMA acronym 4641061 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Memory functionality}}</noinclude> {|style="width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;" cellpadding=5pc ! bgcolor="#bfd" |memory |- | bgcolor="#aed" |[[#Processes|Processes]] |- | bgcolor="#9dd" |[[#Virtual_memory|virtual memory]] |- | bgcolor="#aca" |[[#Memory_mapping|memory mapping]] |- | bgcolor="#acb" | [[#Swap|demand paging and swap]] |- | bgcolor="#8b9" |[[#Logical_memory|logical memory]] |- | bgcolor="#7a7" |[[#Page Allocator|Page Allocator]] |- | bgcolor="#686" |[[#Pages|pages]] |} The kernel has full access to the system's memory and allows processes to {{w|Process isolation|safely access}} this memory as they require it. Often the first step in doing this is {{w|Virtual address space|virtual addressing}}, usually achieved by paging and/or segmentation. Virtual addressing allows the kernel to make a given {{w|physical address}} appear to be another address, the virtual address. Virtual address spaces may be different for different processes; the memory that one process accesses at a particular (virtual) address may be different memory from what another process accesses at the same address. This allows every program to behave as if it is the only one (apart from the kernel) running and thus prevents applications from crashing each other. On many systems, a program's virtual address may refer to data which is not currently in memory. The layer of indirection provided by virtual addressing allows the operating system to use other data stores, like a hard drive, to store what would otherwise have to remain in main {{w|random-access memory}} (RAM). As a result, operating systems can allow programs to use more memory than the system has physically available. When a program needs data which is not currently in RAM, the {{w|Memory management unit|MMU}} {{w|Page fault|signals}} to the kernel that this has happened, and the kernel responds by writing the contents of an inactive memory block to disk (if necessary) and replacing it with the data requested by the program. The program can then be resumed from the point where it was stopped. This scheme is generally known as {{w|demand paging}}. Virtual addressing also allows creation of virtual partitions of memory in two disjointed areas, one being reserved for the kernel (kernel space) and the other for the applications (user space). The applications are not permitted by the processor to address kernel memory, thus preventing an application from damaging the running kernel. This fundamental partition of memory space has contributed much to the current designs of actual general-purpose kernels and is almost universal in such systems, Linux being one of them. ⚲ Shell interface : cat /proc/meminfo : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|free}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|vmstat}} {{:The Linux Kernel/Processes}} == Memory management API == : ⚲ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|brk}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_brk}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_brk_flags}} dynamically changes data segment size of the calling process. The change is made by resetting the <u>program break</u> of the process, which determines the maximum space that can be allocated. The program break is the address of the first location beyond the current end of the data region, and determines the maximum space that can be allocated by the process. The amount of available space increases as the break value increases. The added available space is initialized to a value of zero. : ⚲ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_mmap_pgoff}} maps files or devices into memory. It is a method of memory-mapped file I/O. It naturally implements demand paging, because file contents are not read from disk initially and do not use physical RAM at all. The actual reads from disk are performed in a "lazy" manner, after a specific location is accessed. After the memory is no longer needed it is important to {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|munmap}} the pointers to it. Protection information can be managed using {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mprotect}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mprotect_pkey}} and special treatment can be enforced using {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|madvise}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_madvise}}. In Linux, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} can create several types of mappings, such as ''anonymous mappings'', ''shared mappings'' and ''private mappings''. Using the <code>MAP_ANONYMOUS</code> flag <code>mmap()</code> can map a specific area of the process's virtual memory not backed by any file, whose contents are initialized to zero. These functions are typically called from a higher-level memory management library function such as C standard library {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|malloc}} or [[w:new and delete (C++)|C++ new operator]]. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uaccess.h}} &ndash; user-space memory access and validation helpers : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm.h}} &ndash; memory management declarations and page handling APIs : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}} &ndash; memory allocation APIs for slab and kmalloc systems 💾 ''History: Two basic related to memory management system calls <code>brk</code> and <code>mmap</code> Linux inherits from Unix.'' ''BTW: On Linux, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sbrk}} is not a separate system call, but a C library function that also calls to {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_brk}} and keeps some internal state to return the previous break value.'' 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory Management APIs|core-api/mm-api.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86_64 Memory Management|x86/x86_64/mm.html}} : {{w|sbrk}} : {{w|mmap}} : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/ Memory management] ⚙️ Internals: : '''{{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_brk}}''' ↯ call hierarchy: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_brk_flags}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_area_alloc}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc_lru}} == Virtual memory == 🔧 TODO: {{w|Virtual memory|Virtually contiguous memory}} on top of physical and [[#Swap|swapped]] memory pages. 🗝️ Acronyms: : VPFN - Virtual Page Frame Number : PFN - Physical Page Frame Number : pgd - Page Directory : pmd - Page Middle Directory : pud - Page Upper Directory : pte - {{w|Page table}} Entry : VMA - Virtual Memory Area, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_area_struct}} : TLB - {{w|Translation Lookaside Buffer}} : MMU - {{w|Memory Management Unit}} ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/vmalloc.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfree}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cleanup.h}} &ndash; scope-based cleanup helpers :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|scoped_guard}} : /proc/vmallocinfo ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_struct}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|virt_to_page}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc_init}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|find_vma}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/vmalloc.c}} &ndash; virtually contiguous memory allocator 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Virtually Contiguous Mappings|core-api/mm-api.html#virtually-contiguous-mappings}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Page Tables|mm/page_tables.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scope-based Cleanup Helpers|core-api/cleanup.html}} == Data types == === Pointers and addresses === Kernel-specific address types, in addition to common C pointers. : <big>unsigned long</big> &ndash; used to store addresses that are not intended to be dereferenced by the user : {{The Linux Kernel/id|uintptr_t}} &ndash; to be used in ioctl : {{The Linux Kernel/id|phys_addr_t}} &ndash; physical address : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_addr_t}} &ndash; DMA address 📚 Further reading : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|(How to avoid) Botching up ioctls|process/botching-up-ioctls.html}} : [https://unix.org/whitepapers/64bit.html Data Size Neutrality and 64-bit Support] === Other types === ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/types.h}} &ndash; fixed-width and kernel-specific type definitions : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/string.h}} &ndash; standard string manipulation functions : bit operations :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bitfield.h}} &ndash; defining and extracting bitfield values :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bitops.h}} &ndash; atomic and non-atomic bit manipulation operations :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bitmap.h}} &ndash; bit arrays that consume one or more unsigned longs :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sbitmap.h}} &ndash; fast and scalable bitmaps : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kref.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|acpi/actypes.h}} &ndash; common data types for the entire ACPI subsystem :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/list.h}} &ndash; circular doubly linked list implementation ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|list_head}} &ndash; common double linked list ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|list_add}} ... :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/klist.h}} &ndash; some {{The Linux Kernel/id|klist_node}}->{{The Linux Kernel/id|kref}} helpers ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klist_add_tail}} ... : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kobject.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/circ_buf.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kfifo.h}} &ndash; generic kernel FIFO :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kfifo_in}} ... : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rbtree.h}} &ndash; Red-black trees :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rb_node}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/scatterlist.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|scatterlist}} :: 👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/kfifo/dma-example.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/idr.h}} &ndash; ID allocation : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/container_of.h}} 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|List Management Functions|core-api/kernel-api.html#list-management-functions}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|FIFO Buffer|core-api/kernel-api.html#fifo-buffer}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Data structures and low-level utilities|core-api#data-structures-and-low-level-utilities}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Everything you never wanted to know about kobjects, ksets, and ktypes|core-api/kobject.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects|core-api/kref.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Generic Associative Array Implementation|core-api/assoc_array.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|XArray|core-api/xarray.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ID Allocation|core-api/idr.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Circular Buffers|core-api/circular-buffers.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Red-black Trees (rbtree) in Linux|core-api/rbtree.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Generic radix trees/sparse arrays|core-api/generic-radix-tree.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Generic bitfield packing and unpacking functions|core-api/packing.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|How to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers|core-api/bus-virt-phys-mapping.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|this_cpu operations|core-api/this_cpu_ops.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The errseq_t datatype|core-api/errseq.html}} 📚 Further reading : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/DataStructures/ Data Structures in the Linux Kernel] : https://kernelnewbies.org/InternalKernelDataTypes == Memory mapping == 🔧 TODO ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_mmap_pgoff}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mmap}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mprotect}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap2}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mincore}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm_types.h}} &ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_area_struct}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_pfn_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|SetPageReserved}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ClearPageReserved}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmap.c}} &ndash; memory mapping implementation 📚 References: : {{w|mmap}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Maple Tree|core-api/maple_tree.html}} : [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/memory_mapping.html Memory mapping, linux-kernel-labs] == Swap == 🔧 TODO ⚲ API: : cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_swappiness}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/swap.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|swapon}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|enable_swap_slots_cache}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|swapoff}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mlock}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mlock}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|shmctl_do_lock}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/swapfile.c}} &ndash; swap area management : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/vmscan.c}} &ndash; page reclaim and scanning : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mlock.c}} &ndash; memory locking : {{The Linux Kernel/id|VM_LOCKED}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|swap_info_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|si_swapinfo}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|swap_info}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|handle_pte_fault}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_swap_page}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_kswapd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kswapd}} 📚 References: : {{w|Memory_paging#Linux|Memory paging}} : https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/swap == Logical memory == ⚲ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc}} is the normal method of allocating memory in the kernel for objects smaller than the page size. It is defined in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}}. The first argument ''size'' is the size (in bytes) of the block of memory to be allocated. The second argument ''flags'' are the allocation flags or ''GFP flags'', a set of macros that the caller provides to control the type of requested memory. The most commonly used values for ''flags'' are GFP_KERNEL and GFP_ATOMIC, but there is more to be considered. Memory-allocation requests in the kernel are always qualified by a set of ''GFP flags'' ("GFP" initially came from "get free page") describing what can and cannot be done to satisfy the request. The most commonly used flags are GFP_ATOMIC and GFP_KERNEL, though they are actually built up from lower-level flags. The full set of flags is huge; they can be found in the {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gfp.h}} header file. ⚲ API: : ↯ {{w|RAII}} allocation functions hierarchy from {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device.h}}: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kcalloc}} - zeroed array ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kmalloc_array}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kmalloc}} - common allocation :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kzalloc}} - zeroed allocation ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kmalloc}} - common allocation : Classic direct API: :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|kfree}} === Slab allocation === {{w|Slab allocation}} is a memory management algorithm intended for the efficient memory allocation of kernel objects. It eliminates fragmentation caused by allocations and deallocations. The technique is used to retain allocated memory that contains a data object of a certain type for reuse upon subsequent allocations of objects of the same type. ''' Basics ''' ''This section is about the SLUB allocator implementation'' A slab can be thought of as an array of objects of certain type or with the same size, spanning through one or more contiguous pages of memory; for example, the slab named "task_struct" holds objects of <code>struct task_struct</code> type, used by the scheduling subsystem. Other slabs store objects used by other subsystems, and there is also slabs for dynamic allocations inside the kernel, such as the "kmalloc-64" slab that holds up to 64-byte chunks requested via kmalloc() calls. In a slab, each object can be allocated and freed separately. The primary motivation for slab allocation is that the initialization and destruction of kernel data objects can actually outweigh the cost of allocating memory for them. As object creation and deletion are widely employed by the kernel, overhead costs of initialization can result in significant performance drops. The notion of object caching was therefore introduced in order to avoid the invocation of functions used to initialize object state. With slab allocation, memory chunks suitable to fit data objects of certain type or size are preallocated. The slab allocator keeps track of these chunks, known as caches {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc_caches}}, so that when a request to allocate memory for a data object of a certain type is received, it can instantly satisfy the request with an already allocated slot via {{The Linux Kernel/id|slab_alloc_node}}. Deallocation of the object with {{The Linux Kernel/id|kfree}} does not free up the memory, but only opens a slot which is returned to the slab allocator's free list. The next call to allocate memory of the same size will return the now unused memory slot. See {{The Linux Kernel/id|slab_alloc_node}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|__slab_alloc_node}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|___slab_alloc}}. This process eliminates the need to search for suitable memory space and greatly alleviates memory fragmentation. In this context, a slab is one or more contiguous pages in the memory containing pre-allocated memory chunks. Slab allocation provides a kind of front-end to the zoned buddy allocator for those sections of the kernel that require more flexible memory allocation than the standard 4KB page size. ⚲ Interface: : sudo cat /proc/slabinfo : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_free}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|slabtop}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/slab_common.c}} &ndash; slab allocator common code : {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_init}} is called from {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_init}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_kmalloc_caches}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|kasan_slab_alloc}} ''' SLUB allocator ''' &ndash; default Unqueued allocator {{w|SLUB (software)|SLUB}} is the iteration of the original SLAB allocator that replaced it and became the Linux default allocator since 2.6.23. ⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/slub.c}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SLUB}} 💾 ''Historical: SLOB (Simple List Of Blocks) allocator for embedded devices was removed in kernel 6.4.'' ''SLAB allocator, the original slab allocation implementation based on Jeff Bonwick's 1994 paper, was removed in kernel 6.8.'' ''SLUB is now the only slab allocator in the kernel.'' <hr> 📚 References for Slab allocation: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|KASAN - KernelAddressSANitizer|dev-tools/kasan.html}} - dynamic memory safety error detector designed to find out-of-bound and use-after-free bugs : [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0VMLXavx30 <nowiki>Video "SL[AUO]B: Kernel memory allocator design and philosophy"</nowiki>] Christopher Lameter (Linux.conf.au 2015 conference) [http://lca2015.linux.org.au/slides/167/slaballocators-auckland-2015.pdf Slides] === Page Allocator === The page allocator (or "zoned buddy allocator") is a low-level allocator that deals with physical memory. It delivers physical pages (usually with a size of 4096 bytes) of free memory to high-level memory consumers such as the slab allocators and <code>kmalloc()</code>. As the ultimate source of memory in the system, the page allocator must ensure that memory is always available, since a failure providing memory to a critical kernel subsystem can lead to a general system failure or a kernel panic. The page allocator divides physical memory into "zones", each of which corresponds to {{The Linux Kernel/id|zone_type}} with specific characteristics. ZONE_DMA contains memory at the bottom of the address range for use by severely challenged devices, for example, while {{The Linux Kernel/id|ZONE_NORMAL}} may contain most memory on the system. 32-bit systems have a ZONE_HIGHMEM for memory that is not directly mapped into the kernel's address space. Depending on the characteristics of any given allocation request, the page allocator will search the available zones in a specific priority order. For the curious, <code>/proc/zoneinfo</code> gives a lot of information about the zones in use on any given system. Within a zone, memory is grouped into ''page blocks'', each of which can be marked with a ''migration type'' - {{The Linux Kernel/id|migratetype}} describing how the block should be allocated. ⚲ API: : cat /proc/buddyinfo : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gfp.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mmzone.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_page}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_get_free_pages}} - {{w|RAII}} function, ↯ hierarchy of it: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__get_free_pages}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_pages}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_pages_node}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__alloc_pages}} - the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|build_all_zonelists}} is called from {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}, ↯ call hierarchy: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|build_all_zonelists_init}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__build_all_zonelists}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|build_zonelists}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|__alloc_pages}} - the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator : struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|zone}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_area}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmzone.c}} &ndash; memory zone helpers : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page_alloc.c}} &ndash; buddy page allocator 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Get Free Page flags|core-api/memory-allocation.html}} : {{w|Buddy memory allocation}} : {{w|Page replacement algorithm}} === OOM killer === The {{w|Out of memory|Out-Of-Memory}} killer is invoked when the kernel cannot satisfy a memory allocation and all reclaim attempts have failed. It selects a process to kill based on a badness score to free memory and keep the system running. ⚲ API: : /proc/$pid/oom_score &ndash; current badness score : /proc/$pid/oom_score_adj &ndash; adjust score (-1000 to 1000) : /proc/$pid/oom_adj &ndash; deprecated, use oom_score_adj : /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/oom_kill.c}} &ndash; out-of-memory killer : {{The Linux Kernel/id|out_of_memory}} &ndash; main entry point : {{The Linux Kernel/id|oom_badness}} &ndash; calculates badness score : {{The Linux Kernel/id|oom_kill_process}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|OOM|admin-guide/sysctl/vm.html}} === Memory cgroup controller === The memory cgroup controller limits and accounts memory usage per group of processes. It can set hard and soft limits, trigger per-cgroup OOM, and track swap usage. ⚲ API: : memory.max &ndash; hard memory limit : memory.high &ndash; throttling threshold : memory.current &ndash; current usage : memory.swap.max &ndash; swap limit : See [[../System/CGroup v2#Memory|CGroup v2 Memory controller]] for full interface ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memcontrol.c}} &ndash; memory cgroup controller : {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_cgroup}} &ndash; main structure : {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_cgroup_charge}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_cgroup_oom}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory Resource Controller|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#memory}} === DAMON === Data Access MONitor (since 5.15) provides kernel-level data access pattern monitoring. It can be used for memory management optimization and profiling. ⚲ API: : /sys/kernel/mm/damon/ : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/damon.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/damon}} &ndash; DAMON core and operation schemes 📖 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DAMON|mm/damon}} <hr> 📚 References for logical memory: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory Allocation Guide|core-api/memory-allocation.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Selecting memory allocator|core-api/memory-allocation.html#selecting-memory-allocator}} == Physical memory == === Memory Layout === A 32-bit processor can address a maximum of 4GB of memory. Linux kernels split the 4GB address space between user processes and the kernel; under the most common configuration, the first 3GB of the 32-bit range are given over to user space, and the kernel gets the final 1GB starting at 0xc0000000. Sharing the address space gives a number of performance benefits; in particular, the hardware's address translation buffer can be shared between the kernel and user space. In '''x86-64''' - {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86_64}} with 4-level page tables ({{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL}}=n), only the least significant 48&nbsp;bits of a virtual memory address would actually be used in address translation (page table lookup). The remainder bits 48 through 63 of any virtual address must be copies of bit 47, or the processor will raise an exception. Addresses complying with this rule are referred to as "canonical form." Canonical form addresses run from 0 through 00007FFF'FFFFFFFF, and from FFFF8000'00000000 through FFFFFFFF'FFFFFFFF, for a total of 256&nbsp;TB of usable {{w|virtual address space}}. This is still approximately 64,000 times the virtual address space on 32-bit machines. Linux takes the higher-addressed half of the address space for itself (kernel space) and leaves the lower-addressed half for user space. The "canonical address" design has, in effect, two memory halves: the lower half starts at 00000000'00000000 and "grows upwards" as more virtual address bits become available, while the higher half is "docked" to the top of the address space and grows downwards. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Start addr !class=unsortable|Offset !End addr !class=unsortable|Size !class=unsortable|VM area description |- | <code><small>0000'</small>'''8'''<small>000'0000'0000</small></code> | +128 TB | <code><small>ffff'7fff'ffff'ffff</small></code> | | ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical virtual memory addresses up to the -128 TB starting offset of kernel mappings. |- | <code><small>0000'0000'0000'0000</small></code> |0 | <code><small>0000'7fff'ffff'ffff</small></code> |128&nbsp;TB=2⁴⁷ |user-space virtual memory, different per mm |- | <code><small>ffff'ffff'ffe0'0000</small></code> | -2 MB | <code><small>ffff'ffff'ffff'ffff</small></code> | 2 MB=2²¹ |... unused hole |- | <code><small>ffff'ffff'ff60'0000</small></code> | -10 MB | <code><small>ffff'ffff'ff60'0fff</small></code> | 4 kB=2¹² | {{The Linux Kernel/id|VSYSCALL_ADDR}} - legacy vsyscall ABI |- | <code><small>ffff'ffff'8000'0000</small></code> | -2 GB | <code><small>ffff'ffff'9fff'ffff</small></code> | 512&nbsp;MB=2²⁹ | kernel text mapping, mapped to physical address 0 |- | | | | | |- | <code><small>ffff'8880'0000'0000</small></code> | -119.5&nbsp;TB | <code><small>ffff'c87f'ffff'ffff</small></code> | 64&nbsp;TB | {{The Linux Kernel/id|page_offset_base}} = {{The Linux Kernel/id|__PAGE_OFFSET_BASE_L4}} - direct mapping of all physical memory |- | | | | | |- | <code><small>ffff'8000'0000'0000</small></code> | -128 TB | <code><small>ffff'87ff'ffff'ffff</small></code> | 8&nbsp;TB | ... guard hole, also reserved for hypervisor |} [[File:Linux_Virtual_Memory_Layout_64bit.svg|border|center|x86-64 memory layout]] ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|setarch}} --addr-no-randomize cat /proc/self/maps ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h}} &ndash; x86-64 page type definitions : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/init_64.c}} &ndash; x86-64 memory initialization 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|X86_64 memory map|x86/x86_64/mm.html}} : {{w|Address_space_layout_randomization#Linux|Address space layout randomization}} === Pages === In Linux, different architectures have different page sizes. The original &mdash;for x86 architecture&mdash; and still most commonly used page size is 4096 bytes (4 KB). The page size (in bytes) of the current architecture is defined by the <code>PAGE_SIZE</code> macro included in {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h}} header file. User space programs can get this value using the {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpagesize}} library function. Another related macro is <code>PAGE_SHIFT</code>, that contains the number of bits to shift an address to get its page number &mdash;12 bits for 4K pages. One of the most fundamental kernel data structures relating memory-management is <code>struct page</code>. The kernel keeps track of the status of every page of physical memory present in the system using variables of this type. There are millions of pages in a modern system, and therefore there are millions of these structures in memory. The full definition of <code>struct page</code> can be found in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm_types.h}}. : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Theory/linux-theory-1.html Pages] === NUMA === In {{w|Non-uniform memory access}} systems, physical memory is divided into nodes, each local to a group of CPUs. Accessing local memory is faster than remote memory, so the kernel tries to allocate memory from the node closest to the requesting CPU. Each node contains its own set of zones (DMA, Normal, etc.). ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|numactl}} &ndash; controls NUMA policy for processes or shared memory : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|set_mempolicy}} &ndash; set default NUMA memory policy : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mbind}} &ndash; set NUMA memory policy for a memory range : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|get_mempolicy}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|migrate_pages}} : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|move_pages}} : cat /proc/buddyinfo : /sys/devices/system/node/ : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/topology.h}} &ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_to_node}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mempolicy.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NUMA}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|pglist_data}} (pg_data_t) &ndash; per-node memory descriptor, contains zones @ {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mmzone.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}} &ndash; returns NUMA node of current CPU : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/numa.c}} &ndash; NUMA node data allocation during boot : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mempolicy.c}} &ndash; NUMA memory allocation policies : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/migrate.c}} &ndash; page migration between nodes : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memory-tiers.c}} &ndash; memory tiering (DRAM, PMEM, HBM) : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/numa_memblks.c}} &ndash; memory block and distance setup 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NUMA Memory Policy|admin-guide/mm/numa_memory_policy.html}} : {{w|Non-uniform memory access}} : See also [[../Multitasking/CPU#SMP|SMP section]] for NUMA topology and CPU aspects === Huge pages === {{w|Huge pages}} use larger page sizes (2 MB or 1 GB on x86-64) to reduce TLB misses and page table overhead for memory-intensive workloads. ==== HugeTLB ==== HugeTLB provides explicitly allocated persistent huge pages, reserved at boot or runtime. ⚲ API: : cat /proc/meminfo | grep Huge : cat /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} with MAP_HUGETLB : mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /dev/hugepages : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hugetlb.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/hugetlb.c}} &ndash; HugeTLB huge page allocator : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hugetlb_init}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hugetlb_fault}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HugeTLB Pages|admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.html}} ==== Transparent Huge Pages ==== THP automatically promotes regular pages to huge pages without application changes (since 2.6.38). ⚲ API: : cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|madvise}} with MADV_HUGEPAGE : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/huge_mm.h}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/huge_memory.c}} &ndash; transparent huge page support : {{The Linux Kernel/id|khugepaged}} &ndash; daemon that collapses pages into huge pages : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/khugepaged.c}} &ndash; THP collapse daemon 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Transparent Hugepage Support|admin-guide/mm/transhuge.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Concepts overview|admin-guide/mm/concepts.html}} === TLB === {{w|Translation lookaside buffer}} is a hardware cache of virtual-to-physical address translations. The kernel must flush TLB entries when page table mappings change. On SMP, this requires {{w|Inter-processor interrupt|IPI}}s to other CPUs (TLB shootdowns), which can impact real-time latency on isolated CPUs. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/tlb.h}} &ndash; generic TLB flush batching : {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_all}} &ndash; flush entire TLB on all CPUs via IPI (TLB shootdown) :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__flush_tlb_all}} &ndash; local CPU only, no IPI, calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|__flush_tlb_global}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_mm}} &ndash; flush TLB for a specific address space : {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_page}} &ndash; flush single page from TLB : {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_range}} &ndash; flush a range of user pages for a VMA : {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_kernel_range}} &ndash; flush kernel mappings on all CPUs : /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/tlb/tlb_flush/ ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/tlb.c}} &ndash; x86 TLB flush implementation : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmu_gather.c}} &ndash; TLB flush batching 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|TLB|arch/x86/tlb.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Cache and TLB Flushing Under Linux|core-api/cachetlb.html}} === CMA === The Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA) reserves a region of memory at boot for large physically contiguous allocations needed by DMA devices, GPUs and multimedia hardware (since 3.5). Unused CMA memory is available to the page allocator for movable pages. ⚲ API: : cat /proc/meminfo | grep Cma : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cma.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_alloc_contiguous}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CMA}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/cma.c}} &ndash; contiguous memory allocator core : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/dma/contiguous.c}} &ndash; DMA-CMA integration : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/cma_debug.c}} &ndash; debugfs interface : {{The Linux Kernel/id|cma_alloc}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|cma_release}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Contiguous Memory Allocator|mm/cma.html}} === DMA === ⚲ API: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_addr_t}} - bus address : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dma-mapping.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_alloc_coherent}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_alloc_pages}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|pin_user_pages}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_map_single}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_data_direction}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_map_sg}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|scatterlist}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_set_mask}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_set_coherent_mask}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_set_mask_and_coherent}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_sync_single_for_cpu}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_sync_single_for_device}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gfp.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dmapool.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_pool_create}} : DMA-able memory: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__get_free_page}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_user_pages}} pins user pages in memory, 👁 Examples: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/kfifo/dma-example.c}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000_alloc_rx_buffers}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000_alloc_ring_dma}} ⚙️ Internals: : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/dma}} &ndash; DMA subsystem core : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/dmapool.c}} &ndash; small DMA-coherent allocations : {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/gup.c}} &ndash; get/pin user pages : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/dma/mapping.c}} &ndash; arch-independent DMA mapping 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic DMA mapping Guide|core-api/dma-api-howto.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic DMA mapping using the generic device|core-api/dma-api.html}} : [https://lwn.net/Articles/787636/ LWM: get_user_pages, pinned pages, and DAX] : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|pin_user_pages() and related calls|core-api/pin_user_pages.html}} 💾 ''Historical:'' : [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch15.pdf LDD3:Memory Mapping and DMA] : http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch13.html mmap and DMA : SAC &ndash; Single Address Cycle, 32-bit DMA addressing (up to 4 GB) : DAC &ndash; Dual Address Cycle, 64-bit DMA addressing ==== DMAEngine ==== : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dmaengine.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/dma}} &ndash; DMA engine drivers : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|driver-api/dmaengine}} : https://bootlin.com/pub/conferences/2015/elc/ripard-dmaengine/ == ... == 📚 References for the article: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Memory Management Documentation|mm/}} : [https://www.ryadel.com/en/linux-memory-management-mechanism-analysis-kernel/ Analysis of Linux Memory Management Mechanism] : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/ Memory management] : http://linux-mm.org/LinuxMM : http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO-7.html : [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Memory_management Memory management, lwn] {{BookCat}} 0hyeyem7dzbkv7glcyadb0cf0wlet7g 0 237398 4641059 4640986 2026-06-24T08:38:00Z Jeff1138 301139 4641059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ArosNav}} ==Introduction== This a list of computer hardware tested with mostly native AROS installs and, in the recommended sections, of virtual machines With 64bit support it is recommended 8Gb ram is needed and that SSE 4.1 and AVX are supported in the CPU i.e. from year 2012 for Intel CPUs and 2013 for AMD CPUs. They are x86-64 instruction sets designed to perform the same operations on multiple data items simultaneously, a technique known as Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD). This allows for increased performance in tasks involving parallel computation. SSE 4.1 is a 128-bit SIMD instruction set, while AVX introduced 256-bit SIMD, further enhancing performance. Some apps require these features to run well, like 3D, multimedia decoding or JIT (javascript) in Odyssey web browser. If not the apps may work slower or might fail. If you have encountered differently (i.e. problems, incompatibilities, faults, annoyances, environment, errors, review of setup etc) please update this information. Please bear in mind that AROS has only a few hardware driver developers, whilst Linux counts in the tens and Windows in the hundreds. [[#Laptops]] [[#Netbook]] [[#Desktop Systems]] [[#AMD Sockets]] [[#Intel Sockets]] [[#Recommended hardware (32-bit)]] [[#Recommended hardware (64-bit)]] === Laptops === [[#top|...to the top]] * 2006/2007 Dell Latitude D-series laptops - business class machines, good support in Aros, easy to replace wifi card * 2006 some [https://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/laptops-portable-pcs/laptops-and-netbooks/toshiba-satellite-pro-a200-28550/review Satellite Pro A200] * 2008 For the tiny carry anywhere, the early run of Acer Aspire netbooks Rough estimate from taking a random laptop notebook what you can expect from a Native install of AROS {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Date ! width="5%" |Overall ! width="5%" |Gfx VESA ! width="5%" |Gfx 2D Acceleration ! width="10%" |Gfx 3D Acceleration ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="20%" |Comments |- | Before 2002 || Poor to OK || VESA 90% || 2D 10% || {{N/A}} || Audio 10% || 40% || Wired 70% || 2% || Max RAM 512MB |- | 2002-2005 || OK || VESA 95% || 2D 10% || 3D 0% || Audio 30% || 70% || Wired 50% || 10% || Max RAM 2GB (for 32bit) |- | 2005-2012 || Good || VESA 98% || 2D 60% || 3D 30% || Audio 40% || 80% || Wired 30% || 10% || Max RAM 3Gb (32bit) to 8GB (64bit) |- | 2013-2017 || OK || VESA 98% || 2D 30% || 3D 0% || Audio 30% || 60% || Wired 20% || 0% || Max RAM 8GB / 16GB better to go Intel / AMD Ryzen over AMD A series |- | 2018-2024 || OK || VESA 98% || 2D 20% || 3D 0% || Audio 40% || 60% || Wired 30% || 0% || Max RAM 32GB better 64bit options if has an internal dvd drive and working ethernet |- | 2025-202x || Poor || VESA 95% || 2D 0% || 3D 0% || Audio 0% || 0% || Wired 10% || 0% || Max RAM 64GB AI disruption of previous hardware |- |} 3D tests now conducted with apps found in Demos/AROS/Mesa and run at default size (may need to View As -> Show All to see them. Any laptop with Windows 7(TM) 64bit or higher install, the bios and hard drive set in uefi/gpt mode (install of AROS incompatible) Most vendor suppliers get OEM (original equipment manufacturers) to make their laptops. These brand name companies purchase their laptops from *80% ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) such as Quanta, Compal, Wistron, Inventec, Foxconn (Hon Hai), Flextronics and Asus (now Pegatron) *20% MiTAC, FIC, Arima, Uniwill, ECS, Tonfang Origin and Clevo {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" | <!--OK-->{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || <!--May work-->{{Maybe|'''Works a little'''}} || <!--Not working-->{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || <!--Not applicable-->{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}} |- |} ====Acer/Gateway/Emachines==== Company founded under the name of Multitech in Taiwan in 1976, renamed to Acer or Acer Group in 1987 Order of build quality (Lowest to highest) <pre > Packard Bell Aspire Extensa TimeLine Travelmate </pre > {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="2%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Travelmate 505 506 507 508 Series || <!--Chipset-->P2 Celeron 466Mhz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes|boots}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Neo Magic Magic Graph 128XD (NM2160)}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 Crystal CS}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 minimal support but no audio etc - 506T, 506DX, 507T, 507DX, 508T |- | <!--Name-->TravelMate 340 342 343 345 347 || <!--Chipset-->ALi M1621 with piii || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Trident Cyber 9525 || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1969 Solo-1}} || <!--USB-->2 ALi OHCI USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->a few have Intel e100 || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2000 32bit - 340T, 341T, 342T, 342TV, 343TV, 345T, 347TV |- | <!--Name-->TravelMate 350 351 352 353 || <!--Chipset-->Ali with piii || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Trident Cyber Blade DSTN/Ai1 || <!--Audio-->{{No|ali5451}} || <!--USB-->2 USB 1.1 Ali M5237 OHCI || <!--Ethernet-->e100 || <!--Wireless-->Acer InviLink IEEE 802.11b || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit very limited support but no support for PCMCIA O2 Micro OZ6933 - 350T, 351TEV, 352TEV, 353TEV |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->TravelMate 610 series 611 612 613 614 || <!--Chipset-->815 P3 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Intel 82815 cgc || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->Intel e100 pro || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit - 610TXVi 610T 611TXV 612TX 613TXC |- | Aspire 3003LM || SIS AMD 3000 1.8GHz || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SIS AGP M760GX (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97 SIS codec}} || 3 USB 2.0 || {{yes|SIS900}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4318 AirForce One 54g}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 sempron |- | Travelmate 2310 Series ZL6 || Intel Celeron M 360 1.4GHz with SiS 661MX || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SiS Mirage M661MX (VESA only)}} || {{yes|SIS SI7012 AC97 with realtek ALC203 codec speakers only}} || || {{yes|SIS900}} || {{N/A|LM version has pci card slot but no antenna}} || 2017 Icaros 2.1.1 || 2004 32bit - No USB boot option but boot from DVD - reports of wifi losing connection (isolate/remove the metallic grounding foil ends of the antennas) - 2312LM_L - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire 3000 3002LMi 3500 5000 || <!--Chipset-->AMD CPU W-with SIS M760 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->SIS 760 || <!--Audio-->SIS || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->SIS 900 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4318 swap for Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Aspire 3050 5020 5050 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Single and Turion MK-36 Dual and RS480 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - RS482M Xpress 1100 or RS485M Xpress 1150 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek ALC883 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5006G or Broadcom BCM 4318 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit MK36 gets very hot |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->TravelMate 2410 2420 2430 series || <!--Chipset-->915GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel Mobile 915GMS 910GML || <!--Audio-->Intel AC97 ICH6 with ALC203 codec || <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL-8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5005GS || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 2428AWXMi - |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 3610 - WISTRON MORAR 3614WLMI || <!--Chipset-->Intel 915 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=644066&postcount=13 AC97]}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL 8139 8139C+}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros AR5001X+, AR5BMB5 or Broadcom 4318}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.2.4 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit with good support [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=6205188#post6205188 wifi issues] |- | <!--Name-->TravelMate 2480 series 2483 WXMi (HannStar J MV4 94V) 2483NWXCi Aspire 3680, 3690 || <!--Chipset-->940GML i943 with Celeron 430 1.77GHz - 14.1" || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D and 3D openGL 1.x - Tunnel 181 gearbox 104 scores}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC883 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|3 USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8038 yukon sky2}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 5k AR5005G AR5BMB5 mini pci}} suspect laptop hardware issues || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 Works well shame about the internet options - noisy fan - poor battery life - no boot option for TI based mass storage sd card - Max 2GB memory - LCD Inverter Board IV12090/T-LF - |- | <!--Name-->TravelMate 2490 series 2492WXMi || <!--Chipset-->940GML || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 945 2D and 3D tunnel 164 gearbox 105}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR5005GS suspect hardware issue}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - 15inch screen - strange curved up at ends keyboard style - overall plastic construction - Atheros AR5005G(s) - |- | <!--Name-->Gateway ML6227B MA7 || <!--Chipset-->Celeron M 520 1.6Ghz with 945GM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|945GM 2D and 3D tunnel 169 gearbox 132}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDA Intel with STAC9250 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8038}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|8187L but swap ath5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 15.4 ultrabrite widescreen - Wifi Switch on side Fn/F2 - |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 5630-6796 6288 BL50 || <!--Chipset-->T5200 T5500 Intel® Core™2 Duo T7200 T7400 T7600 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel® GMA 950 with S-Video out with 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio with ALC883? codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 USB}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Broadcom BCM4401}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945abg swap for Atheros 5K}} || <!--Test Distro-->Tiny AROS || <!--Comments-->2006 - 64bit 39.1 cm (15.4" 1280 x 800) - 2 DDR2-SDRAM slots max 4GB - green mobo?? - |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 5633WMLI BL51 || <!--Chipset-->T5500 with Intel® 945PM/GM Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia Go 7300 with 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with Realtek codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Broadcom 440x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 swap for Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Tiny Aros || <!--Comments-->2007 64 bit dual core2 - 15.4 WXGA screen - ddr2 max 4gb - OrbiCam no support - ENE chipset SD card - blue mobo?? - |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 9410 9420 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core Duo with 945PM Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D NVIDIA GeForce Go 7300 - 128 MB VRAM G72M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel HD audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 8111 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945ABG but could swap with atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - 17in TFT 1,440 x 900 WXGA+ - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4gb - |- | <!--Name-->eMachines E510 series KAL10 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Celeron M 560 2.13Ghz with PM965 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel x3100 || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel with codec}} || <!--USB-->Intel || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5906M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros G AR5BXB63 bios issue??}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2007 32bit very budget machine with InsydeH20 bios and F10 boot menu |- | <!--Name-->ACER Aspire 5920 [http://tim.id.au/laptops/acer/aspire%205920g.pdf 5920G] || <!--Chipset-->Santa Rosa Core 2 Duo T7300 T7500 later T9300 with GM965 and PM965(G) Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for X3100M or 8600M GS (rev a1) 9500M GT 256MB vram (G) but some AMD/ATI RV635 M86 HD 3650}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio with realtek alc268, [https://forums.opensuse.org/t/no-sound-on-acer-aspire-5920g/32392 ALC883] or Realtek ALC1200 / alc888s codec ICH8}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5787M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel 3945ABG 4965 or Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwood test iso 2023-01 2023-11 || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit boot with 'noacpi' or 'noioapic' - 15.4in 1280 x 800 pixels 16:10 - BMW Designworks ‘Gemstone’ design - over 3.0kg with options for 8-cell or 6-cell batteries - 2 SODIMM DDR2 667MT/s max 4GB - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->Acer A0521 Ao721 || Athlon II Neo K125 + AMD M880G || {{N/A}} || {{maybe| }} || {{maybe|ATI Radeon HD 4225 (VESA only)}} || {{No|Conexant}} || {{Maybe| }} || {{no|AR8152 l1c}} || {{unk|AR9285 ath9k}} || AspireOS 1.7 || 2006 64bit possible |- | <!--Name--> Extensa 5630Z || <!--Chipset-->T6600 with Intel GL40 Express || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Yes|Intel GMA 4500M HD (2D)}} || <!--Audio--> {{Yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet--> {{No|Broadcom BCM 5764M}} || <!--Wireless--> {{No|RaLink RT2860}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit |- |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Aspire 5250 series 5253 BZ400 BZ602 || <!--Chipset-->E350 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{no|VESA 2D for AMD HD6310}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDaudio for codec Conexant CX20584}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8151}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Atheros 9k AR5B97}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire V5 V5-121 V5121 AO725 One 725 || <!--Chipset-->AMD C-70 C70 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{no|VESA for AMD 6290G}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|Realtek ALC269 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|2 x USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire V5-122P MS2377 || <!--Chipset-->C-70 C70 with M55, AMD A4-1250 or A6 1450 up to 1.4Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->AMD 8210 || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|FCH USB EHCI OHCI}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 but LAN/VGA Combo Port Cable (AK.LAVGCA 001) or MiniCP port to Acer Converter Cable (Mini CP to VGA/LAN/USB) (NP.OTH11 00C) needed}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9565}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit but no sse4 or avx - 26w battery internal, extension possible - 11.6in 1366 x 768 ips touchscreen - 7mm hd ssd - 2gb ddr3l soldered with 1 slot free max 4GB - bios hacking needed for virtualisation - |- | <!--Name-->Packard Bell EasyNote TE69 TE69KB 522 || <!--Chipset-->slow E1-2500, E2-3800 2c2t Dual or A4-5000 4c4t Quad both soldered BGA769 (FT3) on Hudson-2 FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Use IDE mode}} setting AHCI to IDE mode - boots if UEFI set to Legacy || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for ATI Radeon 8120 8240, 8320, 8330 or 8280 islands}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio with ALC282 0x10ec, 0x0282 codec but not HDMI}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|Bios, Boot, set Boot mode to Legacy, nothing from USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8171 AR8175 or Broadcom BCM57780}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9565 0x1969 0x10a1}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aspire OS Xenon and AROS One 1.6 usb || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit with sse4.1 and AVX - 15.6in washed out screen big netbook - Boots with noacpi after using F2 to enter EFI firmware and f12 boot device - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots max 16Gb - |- | <!--Name-->ASPIRE Acer Aspire ES1-520 521 522 Series N15C4 ES1-523 || <!--Chipset-->AMD AMD E1-7010, A8-7410 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA for RADEON R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|Realtek ALC 233 or CX20752 HD AUDIO CODEC}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8151 Gigabit or Broadcom 590x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8187 or 8812BU}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit with sse4.1 and AVX - 2 ddr3l slots - keyboard connected to top case - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Nitro 5 an515-42 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD rx560x || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->aspire 3 A315-41 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->swift 3 sf315-41 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire 3 A315-23 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3020e, r3 3200u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire 3, 5 A515-44-R0ZN || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 4500u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14in or 15.6" 1080p - 19v round charging - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vr0tC3QJWxk repair], 4gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - |- | <!--Name-->Swift 3 SF314-42 series N19C4 , Swift SF315-4 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 4500U, 7 4700U|| <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit 1080p - small round ac 19v 3.42A or usb-c - mobo FH4FR LA-J731P - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Acer Swift 3 SF314-43, Swift SF315-41 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 1080p - small round ac or usb-c - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire 5 A515-45 || <!--Chipset-->r7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - asus round ac - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire 5 A515-47 || <!--Chipset-->ryzen 5 5625U, || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - asus round ac - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Asus==== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Asus L8400-K Medion MD9467 || <!--Chipset-->Intel desktop 850MHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->S3 Savage MX || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS allegro 1988}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Asus L2000 L2400 L2D Series Medion 9675 || <!--Chipset-->Athlon 4 mobile || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use vesa sis630 || <!--Audio-->{{No|sis7018}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->sis900 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->x51R X51RL || <!--Chipset-->Duo T2250 T2330 with RS480 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|boots and detects}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL-8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR5006EG AR5111 ath5k AzureWave AW-GE780 - could be ATI Chipset}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2, deadwood 2021, || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit 15.4 WXGA - 19v barrel - ESC boot select - F2 bios - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Asus R2H Ultra Mobile PC UMPC || <!--Chipset-->Celeron 900Mhz 910GML || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA900 || <!--Audio-->Ac97 ALC880 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8169 8101e || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm4fOrqyj3g boots] |- | <!--Name-->Asus A3 series A3F Ergo Ensis 211 RM || <!--Chipset-->P-M 1.6GHz to Core Duo with 950 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 945 || <!--Audio-->Ac97 ALC655 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8100CL 10/100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit only |- | <!--Name-->Z33 || <!--Chipset-->915 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->915GM || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC880 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 2915ABG || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit Z33A Z33AE N5M N5A |- | Z70A Z70V Z70Va M6A z7000 z7000a || i915 + ICH6 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|mobile 915GML}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|ICH6 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Marvell 88E8001}} || {{no|Intel PRO 2200BG Fn / F2}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2005 32bit |- | [http://www.progweb.com/en/2010/09/linux-sur-un-portable-asus-a6jm/ A6jm] A6JC || 945GM || IDE || SATA || {{yes|nVidia GeForce Go 7600 G70}} || {{no|HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL8111 8168B}} || {{no|Intel 3945 ABG}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2006 32bit only |- | <!--Name-->F3Jc || <!--Chipset-->945PM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->G72M Quadro NVS 110M, GeForce Go 7300 || <!--Audio-->D audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8169 8111 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->X50GL F5GL || <!--Chipset-->T5800 with 965 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA 2d - Nvidia 8200M G84 runs hot}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio MCP79 with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|MCP79}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR5B91 AW-NE77}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2 || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit not much support no display with nouveau - 19v barrel - ddr2 max 4gb - |- | <!--Name-->ASUS G50 & G51 series G50V G50Vt G51V G51VX G51J G51Jx G50VT X1 X5 ROG || <!--Chipset-->AMD64 with MCP71 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} || <!--Gfx-->nVidia GeForce 9800M GS (G94M) up to GT200 [GeForce GTX 260M] (G92M) || <!--Audio-->Nvidia HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros L1C atl1c}} || <!--Wireless-->Atheros G or Intel || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit not all GPUs are failing but a much higher % failing early, 8x00 and 9x00 G84, G86, G92, G94, and G96 series chips dying - ddr2 max 4gb - |- | <!--Name-->M50V M50 series || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core 2 Duo P8400 or T9400 with Intel PM45 ICH9 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|BIOS set to compatibility IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GS or 9650M GT || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC663 || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 realtek 8169 8111C}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel 5100 or Atheros AR928X}}|| <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.0 USB || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 15.40 inch 16:10, 1680 x 1050 glossy - the "Infusion" design - heavy 3kg - ddr2 ram max 4gb - |- | <!--Name-->Series F9 F9E F9dc F9f F9j F9s || <!--Chipset-->965GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio ALC660 playback}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|works}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|intel 3495 not working}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.41 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - ddr2 max 4gb - |- | P52F SO006X || i3-370M || IDE || SATA || {{yes|nVidia G92 [GeForce 9800 GT] (2D)}} || {{no|Intel HD Audio}} || {{yes|2 USB2.0}} || {{no|Atheros AR8121 AR8113 AR8114 (l1e)}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2010 64bit - ddr3 slot - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Asus * X53U MB Ver K53U or K52U Asus K53U MB Ver K53U * A53U XT2 X53B MB ver: K53BY (compal) || <!--Chipset-->Slow atom like speed E-350 (2011), E-450 (2011) on AMD M780G, much slower C-50 C50 (2012), C-60 C60 on the AMD A50M dark brown plastic build || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA ATi 6310M, 6320M later 6250M or 6290M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with alc269 codec Altec Lansing® Speakers}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|3 x USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|rtl8169 with RTL8111 phy}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros half height ar9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.2 and 2018 AROS One 1.6 USB || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 dull 50% srgb screen - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 5200 or 7800 mAh battery covers ASUS K53S K53E X54C X53S K84L X53SV X54HR K53F X53U laptops - 2 DDR3L slots max 8Gb - 19v barrel 5.5 / 2.5 mm - |- | <!--Name-->Asus K53T, Asus A53Z X53Z || <!--Chipset-->AMD A4-3305M on AMD M780G, A6-3420M dark brown plastic build || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD 6520G, 7670M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|3 x USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 with RTL8111 phy}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros half height}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 dull 50% srgb screen - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 2 DDR3L slots max 8Gb - 19v barrel 5.5 / 2.5 mm - Altec Lansing® Speakers - |- | <!--Name-->X55U X401U X501U 1225B || <!--Chipset-->slow C-60 C60, C-70 C70 or E1 1200 E2 1800 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->6290G || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111 8169 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk| Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6" display - ram soldered - |- | <!--Name-->Asus A43TA A53TA K53TA XE2 A73T || <!--Chipset-->AMD A4-3300M, A6 3400M (laptop chip) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA AMD Radeon HD 6520G Integrated + HD 6470M (1GB GDDR3)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - |- | <!--Name-->X102BA || <!--Chipset-->Llano E1 1200 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|ide bios setting}} || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 8180 || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->RTL8101E RTL8102E || <!--Wireless-->{{unk| Qualcomm Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 10.1” Touchscreen - special asus 45w ac adapter - |- | <!--Name-->K55N, K75DE || <!--Chipset-->AMD a6 4400M A8 4500M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->AMD 7640G || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC codec none through ATi Trinity HDMI || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk| Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 17.3-inch - |- | <!--Name-->X452EA X552EA F552E || <!--Chipset-->AMD E1 2100 or A4 5000M A8 4500M A10 4600M with A || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for AMD ATI Sun XT Radeon HD 8330 8670A 8670M 8690M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AMD FCH Azalia rev 02 with ALC898 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{{Yes|Realtek RTL8111 8168 8411}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit may support avx kabini trinity - |- | <!--Name-->Asus X555Y || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-7210 A8-7410 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }}Realtek || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-colored plastic - internal battery - |- | <!--Name-->Asus X555B X555DG X555S X555U X555YI X555LAB || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5-4210U to || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with coxenant and realtek alc codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }}Realtek || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-colored plastic - internal battery - |- | <!--Name-->Asus X555D || <!--Chipset-->AMD A10-8700P || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{unk|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-coloured plastic - internal battery - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->ASUS X555Q || <!--Chipset-->AMD® Bristol Ridge A10-9600P 7th Gen, A12-9720p || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|R5 + Radeon™ R6 M435DX Dual Graphics with VRAM GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek 8821AE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - FHD 15.6 1920x1080 - 37W battery internal - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - internal battery - |- | <!--Name-->ASUS M509ba || <!--Chipset-->AMD A9-9425 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2.5" and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for RADEON R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot max 16Gb - 19VDC 2.37A Max 45W 4.0mm x 1.35mm - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->ExpertBook P1410, ASUS ExpertBook P1 P1510CD, Expertbook Y1511CD || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 3200U, Ryzen 5 3500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->Nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for AMD}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit 14in or 15.6in 768p to 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 19V 3.42A asus barrel connector 4.0MM X 1.35MM 4phi - |- | <!--Name-->ASUSTeK ASUS EXPERTBOOK L1 L1400CDA, L1500CDA - 19v 3.42a 4.5phi Barrel with centre pin Outer 4.5mm Inner 3mm asus special untested EXA1203XH, EXA1203YH, EXA1208UH, PA-1650-30, PA-1650-78, PA-1650-93, ADP-65GD B, ADP-65DW B (Euro) || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' Ryzen 5 3500U - '''untested''' Ryzen 3 3200U, 3250U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 Nvme m.2 slot will not boot with sata3 m.2, optional 1 sata hdd with ribbon cable, no dvd drive}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for AMD vega 3, 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio 0x15de 0x15e3 with ALC256 codec 0x10ec 0x0256}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 1 usb-c and 3 usb-a }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro-->3500U with AROS One 64bit 1.2 usb installed to m.2 sata on another machine || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit 14in or 15.6in 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - up to 8Gb ddr4 sodimm soldered on board and 1 slot - micro sd card slot on some models - 42Whr B31N1915 C31N1915 C31N2204 - hold down F2 and press power for bios setup - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ==== Dell ==== [[#top|...to the top]] Order of build quality (Lowest to highest) <pre > Studio Inspiron Vostro XPS Alienware Precision Latitude </pre > {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="10%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Latitude CP 233GT, CPi d233xt d266xt D300XT a366xt, CPt S400GT S500GT S550GT S600GT S700ST, CPt C333GT C400GT || <!--Chipset-->Neo Magic || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - Neo magic Magic Media 2160 2360 256ZX || <!--Audio-->{{No|crystal pnp 4237b or magic media 256zx sound nm2360}} || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit Low-Density 16-chip 144p 144-pin 32Mx64 3.3V SODIMM - |- | <!--Name-->Dell Latitude CPx H450GT H500GT H Series, CPt V433GT V466GT V600, Inspiron 5000 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 440BX with Pentium 3M (CPx) or Celeron (CPt) || <!--IDE-->{{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use Vesa - ATi Rage Pro Mobility M1}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1978 Maestro 2E Canyon 3D}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|1 slot 1.1 only}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Test Distro-->NB May 2013 || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit - 3 pin PA-6 PA6 power adapter plug - CDROM DVD Cxxx family media bay accessories untested |- | <!--Name-->Latitude C500 C600 (Quanta TM6) Inspiron 4000 7500, CPx J Series || <!--Chipset-->440BX ZX/DX || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI Rage 128Pro Mobility M3 (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|ES1983S Maestro 3i}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 1.1 only}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A|some models had mini pci e100}}|| <!--Wireless-->{{N/A|a few came with internal antenna wiring}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->1999 square 3 pin charger PA9 PA-9 - C/Dock II untested - C/Port untested - Parallel to Floppy cable untested - CPx J600GT J650GT J700GT J750GT J800GT J850GT |- | <!--Name-->Latitude C510 C610 Insprion 4100 PP01L 2600 || <!--Chipset-->i830 and 1GHz+ P3-M || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|use VESA - ATI Radeon Mobility M6}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 CS4205}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|3Com Etherlink}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|internal antenna wiring for an Atheros mini pci card}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2000 poor build quality - hard to find in good working order |- | <!--Name-->Latitude C400 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 830 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 830 CGC}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ac97 Crystal 4205}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|3Com 3c905C TX/TX-M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2000 Slim for the time - no media bays |- | <!--Name-->Latitude C640 (Quanta TM8) C840 Inspiron 8k2 8200 i8200 precision m50 || <!--Chipset-->P4M with 845EP || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA if ATi - use nouveau if 64mb Nvidia Gforce 4 440 Go || <!--Audio-->AC97 CS4205 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->3com 905c || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2001 C640 had one fan so was noisy and hot - C840 had 2 fans and ran slightly cooler but fan noise louder |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | Latitude D400 || P-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 ide}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|VESA only}} || {{yes|AC97 Audio playback only}} || {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || {{maybe|PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{no|BCM4318 AirForce one 54g replace with atheros 5k mini pci}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit might boot from USB stick but won't boot from USB-DVD - no sd card slot - power plug style - |- | Latitude D500 / D505 PP10L, Inspiron 510m || 855GME * revA00 * revA03 * revA06 | {{yes|IDE but needs the Dell adapter}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|855GM Gfx (VESA only)}} || {{Yes|Intel AC97 with IDT STAC 9750 codec playback head phones only}} || {{maybe| }} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4306 but exchange with atheros g in panel on laptop bottom}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || 2003 - 14 / 15 inch XGA 4:3 screen - plastic build - no sd card slot - boots from bay optical drive - not powering on/off with ac adapter is a [http://www.geekzone.co.nz/forums.asp?forumid=37&topicid=30585 mobo fault of PC13 SMT 1206 ceramic cap hot] suggest [http://www.die4laser.com/D505fix/ 0.1uF 50V instead] - pc2700 333Mhz ram 1Gb max - |- | Latitude D505 (some) || VIA VT8237 VX700 || {{yes|IDE}} || || {{partial|VESA 2d on ATI RV350 Radeon 9550}} || {{no|VIA AC97 with codec}} || {{maybe|VIA USB glitchy}} || {{yes|VIA VT6102 Rhine-II}} || {{no|Intel 2200g Calexico2}} || <!--Test Distro--> || 2003 32bit little support - diagnostics pressing holding the Fn key, press the Power ON button (battery removed). Check the LEDs pattern - cmos battery behind flap in laptop battery slot - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 1000 || <!--Chipset-->SIS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use VESA SIS}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 SIS with AD1981B codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|SIS 900 but}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit [https://forum.level1techs.com/t/my-time-with-icaros-desktop-and-what-i-am-doing-as-a-dev-contributor-also-some-other-shit/113358 aremis using it] |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 1100 PP07L || <!--Chipset-->845 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 845G}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC'97 playback}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom 4401}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5 || <!--Comments-->2004 |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 8500 5150 || <!--Chipset-->P4 855GM || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia 5200 Go - VESA if intel gfx}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|MCP AC97 with SigmaTel 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom 440x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom 4306 rev 02 use Atheros Mini PCI}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit P4 runs well but hot |- | Latitude X300 PP04S small, slim and light case || 855GME * revA00 Intel ULV 1.2 Ghz * revA01 Intel ULV 1.4Ghz | {{yes|IDE internal and will boot cd/dvd through dock PR04S}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|855GM Gfx (VESA only)}} || {{Yes|Intel AC97 with STAC 97xx codec but no audio out of the dock}} || {{maybe|works but dock usb ports and usb DVD PD01S not detected}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM5705M gigabit}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4306 later intel - replace with atheros in the underside}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1, 2020 AROS One 1.6 usb, || 2003 12.1" 1024 x 768 - 19.5v PA-10 or PA-12 dell - ACPI works but bad s3 ram suspend sleep - no sd card boot - 1Gb max sodimm ddr 2700 |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D600 (Quanta JM2) PP05L - 600m || <!--Chipset-->82855 PM i855 * reva00 * revA01 * revA02 * revA03 * revA04 | <!--IDE--> {{yes}} || <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA - ATI Radeon RV250 Mobility FireGL 9000}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 - STAC 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5705}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 2100 or Broadcom BCM4306 - swap for Atheros panel in base}} || <!--Test Distro-->2011 Icaros 1.3 and [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62187.html 1.4.1 and 2016 2.1.1] || <!--Opinion-->2003 32bit 14inch using pc2100 memory with Caps light blinking is usually a memory error - Dell D505 D600 power up pressing the case docking port - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D600 (Quanta JM2) || <!--Chipset-->82855 PM i855 || <!--IDE--> {{yes}} || <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D only vidia NV28 GeForce4 Ti 4200 Go 5200 Go 5650 Go}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 - STAC 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5705}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom BCM4306 mini pci - swap for Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.3 and [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62187.html 1.4.1] || <!--Opinion-->2003 32bit 14" - solder joints on the bios chip (press down f7/f8 keys) - RAM clean with eraser - memory cover plate maybe apply some pressure - |- | <!--Name-->D800 (Compal LA-1901) || <!--Chipset-->Intel 855 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom 570x || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom 4309 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - trackpoint type pointing device - |- | <!--Name-->D800 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 855 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{No|Nvidia }} || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom 570x || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom 4309 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit 15inch 39cm |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 1200 2200 PP10S Latitude 110L m350 1.3Ghz || <!--Chipset-->Intel 915GM || <!--IDE--> {{yes|UDMA boots cd or DVD and installs to HDisk}} || <!--SATA--> {{N/A}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA900 (2D and 3D openGL 1.x) Gearbox 56}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 playback only}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|BroadCom BCM4318 - swap for Atheros mini PCI in base panel}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.5 || <!--Comments-->2005 single core 32bit 14" 4:3 1024 768 XGA screen - heavy 6 lbs - PA16 barrel 19V 3.16A AC adapter - battery life 4cell 29WHr lasts 2 hours - 256mb soldered with 1 ddr pc2100 sodimm 1gb max - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 1300 business B130 home PP21L Latitude 120L B120 by Compal - Inspiron 630m || <!--Chipset-->Intel Celeron M360 1.4GHz, M370 1.50 GHz, M380 1.73GHz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes|boots cd or DVD and installs to HDisk}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 915 2D and 3D openGL 1.x tunnel 172 gearbox 70}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio playback ear phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|works but waiting boot fail with AROS One usb version}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom 440x}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|intel 2200 or BCM4318 swap for Atheros mini pci underside - one antenna lead for main wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.2, 2020 AROS One 1.6 usb, || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit single core - 14.1″ XGA 4:3 or 15.4" WXGA wide 1280 x 800 matte - ddr2 sodimm ram 2gb max - PA-16 19v psu tip 7.4mm * 5mm - f10 boot select f1 f2 bios |- | Latitude X1 PP05S || PP-M GMA915 rev A00 1.1GHz non-pae || {{yes|ide 1.8in zif/ce under keyboard}} || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|Vesa for Intel 915GM}} || {{yes|AC97 6.6 playback only with STAC codec}} || {{maybe|USB 2.0 but partial boot to blank screen}} || {{No|Broadcom 5751}} || {{no|Intel 2200BG - swap for Atheros mini pci under keyboard palm rest - disassembly of all laptop}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 dvd iso image virtualbox'd onto usb, Aros One 1.5 and 1.8 usb (2022) || 2005 32bit 12.1" 4:3 1024 x 768 - sd slot not bootable - 256mb soldered to board and 1 sodimm max 1GB ddr2 under keyboard - F12 bios boot F2 - pa-17 pa17 19v octagonal psu port |- | Latitude D410 PP06S *rev A00 *A01, A02 *A03 || GMA915 1.6GHz Pentium® M 730, 1.7GHz, 750 1.86GHz & 760 2.0GHz, 770 2.13GHz || {{yes|caddy and adapter needed 2.5" - remove hdd and write}} || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|Intel 915GM 2D and 3D OpenGL 1.3 tunnel 170 and gearbox 75}} || {{yes|AC97 playback only with STAC 9751 codec}} || {{maybe|works but will not boot from USB-DVD or AROS One 1.5 usb version}} || {{No|Broadcom 5751}} || {{no|Intel 2915ABG or later 2200BG - swap for Atheros mini pci under keyboard}} || <!--Test Distro-->2015 Icaros 1.4, 2016 2.1.1 and AROS One 1.5 usb, || 2005 32bit 12.1" 4:3 1024 x 768 - no sd card slot - PR06S dock base |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D510 (Quanta DM1) || <!--Chipset-->915GM socket 479 || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 915 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 STAC 975x}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG swap Atheros mini pci in base}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 14.1" 32bit single core Intel Celeron M 1.6GHz Pentium M 730 1.73Ghz - squarish 3:2 - issues with 3rd party battery 4 quick flashes of red led with 1 final green |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D610 (Quanta JM5B) PP11L || <!--Chipset-->910GML 915GM with mobile 1.6 to 2.26ghz * Rev A0x * Rev A0x * Rev A07 1.73Ghz | <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 915 2D and 3D tunnel 174 gearbox 74}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 speaker head phones playback only with stac codec}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 2200BG or Broadcom mini pci under keyboard, swap wifi card for atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 14" 1024 x 768 - very noisy clicky trackpad buttons - one dimm slot under keyboard and other in underside 2GB 533Mhz 667Mhz DDR2 max - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D610 (Quanta JM5B) 0C4717 REV A05, 0K3879 REV.A00 || <!--Chipset-->915GM || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - Ati X300 no radeon 2d}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG mini pci use Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 14" 1024 x 768 - very noisy clicky trackpad buttons - 19.5v psu |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D810 (Quanta ) || <!--Chipset-->915GM || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - Ati X300 RV370 M22 later x600}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 stereo playback only idt 9751 codec}} || <!--USB--> {{maybe|USB 2.0 but no boot from usb on 1.5}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG mini pci replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.1, aros one 1.5 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 15.4" F12 one time boot menu - 19.5v 90w psu ideal - battery not same as later dx20 ones - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 6000 6400, E1505 PP20L *A00 Pentium M *A0? Core Duo || <!--Chipset-->GM945 with PM 1.73Ghz, T2050 or T2060 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|vesa 2d - Ati 9700, x1300 RV515 M52, x1400 or nvidia go 7300 on mxm board}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio IDT 9200}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|usb boot }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200 3945 - swap for Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1, AROS One 1.6 || <!--Comments-->2006 mostly 32bit - 15.4 inch glossy - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots - broadcom bcm92045 bluetooth detected but no support - 19.5v dell psu socket - f2 bios setup, f12 boot order - |- | <!--Name-->Inspirion E1705 9200 9300 9400 PP12L PP14L || <!--Chipset-->945GM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->proprietary Dell card/socket format Nvidia 6800, ati X300 or nVidia 7900GS gpu 3d corrupt || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=6481 increasing vertical lines issues] 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Studio XPS M1210 || <!--Chipset-->GM945 with Core Duo to intel C2D T5500, T7400 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->nVidia G72M 7300 7400m || <!--Audio-->HD Audio IDT 92xx || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4311 - swap for Atheros 5k mini pci-e}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 slots max 4Gb - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 1501 PP23LA Latitude 131L || <!--Chipset-->AMD Sempron 1.8GHz Turion MK-36 or X2 1.6Ghz TL-50 or TL-56 on ATI RS480 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - ATI 1150 (x300) RS482M Mobility Radeon Xpress 200}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with stac 92xx codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom bcm 4401}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bcm4311 replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5 || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit 15.4 inch matt 16:10 1280x800 WXGA - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 6400 (Quanta FM1) *A00 Pentium M *A0? Core Duo *A08 Core2 Duo || <!--Chipset-->GM945 with BGA479 (socket M) T2050 1.6Ghz, T2060 1.60Ghz, T2080 1.73Ghz much later T5500 1.66Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 2D and 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with IDT 92xx codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4311 swap for Atheros 5k mini pci-e under keyboard}} || <!--Test Distro-->deadwood 2019-04-16 iso || <!--Comments-->2006 mostly 32bit - 15.4" glossy - sd card - front multimedia keys - dvd rw - generic dell keyboard - coin cr2032 bios battery under keyboard - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 640m PP19L XPS M140 e1405 || <!--Chipset-->Core Solo T2050, T2300 Duo 1.83GHz T2400 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio IDT || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM4401-B0 100Base || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 or Broadcom 43xx, swap for Atheros 5k - Wireless Internet ON or OFF press the Function key + F2}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32 bit - 12.1 LCD CCFL WXGA 1280x800 up to 14.1 inch 16:10 1440x900 pixel, WXGA+ UltraSharp - supports also SSE3 on duos - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D420 (Compal LA-3071P) PP09S || <!--Chipset-->945 * revA00 Solo 1.2Ghz ULV U1400 * revA01 Duo 1.06Ghz u2500 * revA02 Duo 1.2Ghz | <!--IDE-->{{yes|ZIF/CE 1.8" slow under battery, ribbon cable}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA950 - 2D and 3D opengl tunnel 138 gearbox 103}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with STAC 92xx playback speakers head phones only)}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|2 and external usb optical drive works}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 mini pcie - swap Atheros 5k in base panel}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros Desktop 1.4 || <!--Opinion-->2006 32bit only - 12.1" 1280x800 - PR09S dock base rev02 DVD-RW usb boots - 1GB DDR2 2Rx16 max in base panel - f2 setup f5 diagnostics f12 boot list - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D520 PP17L || <!--Chipset--> * 64bit rev A01, A02 945GM Core2 Duo 1.83Ghz to 2.3Ghz * 32bit rev A00, A01 940GML Solo later Duo T2400 | <!--IDE-->{{yes| Philips SDR089, Philips CDD5263, TEAC DW224EV, Optiarc AD-5540A, HL-DL-ST GSAT21N, TSSTcorp TS-L632D}} || {{Yes|bios sata set to ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 900 series 2D and OpenGL1 3D tunnel 210 gearbox 153 teapot 27}} || {{Yes|HD audio with STAC 9200 codec}} || {{Yes|Boots and detects USB2.0}} || {{Yes|Broadcom 4400}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4312 BCM4321 Dell 1390 / 1490 mini pcie - easy to replace with atheros 5k in base panel}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4 and 2.2 and both AROS One 1.8 and AROS One x64 1.1 USB boot || 2006 mostly 64bit 4:3 aspect ratio 14.1 (XGA 1024x768) or later 15 inches (XGA+ 1400 by 1050) - F2 enter bios F12 choose boot - 19.5v dell tip pa-12 charger - bios coin cell cr2032 battery socketed in base panel - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D620 (Compal LA-2792) PP18L || <!--Chipset-->945GMS * rev A00 all Core Duo's 32 bit * rev A0x all Core 2 Duo's 64 bit | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D tunnel gearbox opengl1 || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio playback}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 3945 mini pcie swap with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->AspireOS Xenon || <!--Opinion-->2006 64bit AROS capable with later revisions - 14" 1280 x 800 |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D620 || <!--Chipset-->Intel i945 * revA00 all Core Duo's 32 bit * revA01 all Core 2 Duo's 64 bit | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia 7300, 7600 NVS 110M G72 || <!--Audio-->{{dunno|HD Audio with STAC 9200 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless--> {{dunno}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2007 1440x900 screen - LA-2792P Rev.2.0 - DT785 UC218 Fan/ Heatsink (64bit) - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D820 (Quanta JM6) || <!--Chipset-->945GMS 940GML * rev A00 * rev A01 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D tunnel 195 - 100? gearbox 156}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with STAC 9200 playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|BCM4310 replace with mini pcie atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Opinion-->2007 widescreen 15 inch 1280 x 800 matte - - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D820 (Quanta JM) || <!--Chipset-->945GMS 940GML * revA00 * revA01 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Nvidia NVS 110M 120M G72}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio STAC 9200}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|BCM4310 swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit 15.4 1650x1050 WXGA or WSXGA+ or 1920x1200 WUXGA - |- | <!--Name-->Dell Latitude D531 15" || <!--Chipset-->AMD Turion X2 TL56 or TL60 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Use VESA - ATi xpress X1270}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with IDT codec || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 57xx}} || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 or Dell Wireless 1390, 1505 or BCM4311 mini pcie || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit possible - no trackpoint - fails and goes wrong often - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D430 PP09S || <!--Chipset-->945 with Core2 Duo C2D U7500 1.06GHz U7600 1.2GHz U7700 1.33GHz * rev A00 * rev A01 * rev A02 | <!--IDE-->ZIF PATA IDE 1.8inch under battery and ribbon cable - slow use USB instead || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|945GML 2D and 3D opengl 1.x 171 tunnel 105 gearbox}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|STAC 92xx HD Audio speaker and ear phone - mono speaker}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 4965 AGN or 3945 ABG mini pci-e underside with Atheros 5k mini pci-e}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aspire 1.8 || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit capable - sd card not supported - 19.5v PA12 power adapter - 12.1" 1280x800 matte - f2 setup f5 diagnostics f12 boot list - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D530 || <!--Chipset-->GM965 + ICH8 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{partial|nVidia Quadro NVS 135M 2D 3d glitches G86}} || <!--Audio-->{{partial|HD Audio with STAC 9205 head phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG swap with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.5 || <!--Comments-->2007 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=6481 ] cool air intake from underneath needed with pa-10 or pa-3e 90w psu required - standard 4:3 ratio aspect screen - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D630 (Compal LA-3301P) PP18L || <!--Chipset-->GM965 + ICH8 T7250 2.0Ghz T7300 * revA00 * revA01 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA X3100 (2D only, no external monitor)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio STAC 9205 but speaker and head phones}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB 2.0}}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom BCM4312 swap with pci-e Atheros 5k under keyboard}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit possible - F12 to choose boot option - 2 ddr2 sodimm max 4G - 4400mah 48Wh battery lasts 2 hours - 6600mah 73Wh lasts just over 3 hours |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D630 || <!--Chipset-->GM965 + ICH8 * revA00 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=6481 ] GPU heatpad, no copper * revA01 0DT785 heatsink | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{partial|IDE mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{partial|use VESA as nVidia NVS 135M 3d corrupts 0.7 tunnel 0.25 gearbox G86}} || <!--Audio-->{{partial|HD Audio with STAC 9205 head phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.5 || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D830 || <!--Chipset-->965GM with Core2 * revA00 * revA01 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GM965 crestline 2d and 3d tunnel 115}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|replace with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros || <!--Comments-->2007 15 inch 1280 x 900 but updating the LCD to WXGA or WSXGA+ could be better - 2 ddr2 sodimm - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude D830 || <!--Chipset-->ICH8, Core2 DUO T7800 @ 2.60GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->Intel ICH8M Serial ATA || <!--Gfx-->nVidia Quadro NVS 140M G86 || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit || <!--Wireless-->Intel Wireless 4965AGN swap with Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.03 || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 15." - FN,F2 or FN,F8 or FN,F12 |- | <!--Name-->XPS M1710 || <!--Chipset-->945PM with T2400 T2600 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->proprietary Dell card socket format GTX 7950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 1000 or Broadcom BCM5752 || <!--Wireless-->Intel swap with Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 64bit || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 17.3" workstation type WXGA+ screen 1920x1200 - 2 ddr-2 667Mhz sodimm slots, |- | <!--Name-->XPS M1730 || <!--Chipset-->965 with T7200 T7600 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GTX 7950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 1000 || <!--Wireless-->Intel swap with Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit 17" workstation type WXGA+ screen manufactured by AU Optronics poor viewing angles, unevenly lit, light leakage, 2 ddr-2 800Mhz slots, |- | <!--Name-->Latitude E6410 P27LA, E6510 PP30LA, E6310 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5-520M to i7-620M i7 820QM but no sse4.1 or AVX || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|NVidia NVS 3100M GT218 2D but 3D through external monitor}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio IDT 92HD81}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom or Intel 6200AGN or Link 6300}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3 || <!--Comments-->2010 64 bit - 14.1” WXGA+ up to 15.6in 15.6” FHD 1080p - 2 ddr3l 1333Mhz max 8Gb - 90w dell charger - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron M5030 || <!--Chipset-->rev A01 AMD V120, V140 rev A0? V160 M880G || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA RS880M Radeon HD 4225, 4250}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with ALC269q codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8152 v2}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - DDR3 sodimm - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->E6420 E6520 ATG semi ruggized XFR || <!--Chipset-->sandy bridge i5 2520M 2540M or duo I7 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|set to Bios UEFI mode AHCI}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Intel HD 3000 with optional fermi Nvidia NVS 4200M GF119}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with IDT 92HD90 BXX codec but not HDMI codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6205}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.03 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit 15.6in - fan exhausts a lot of hot air when cpu taxed - VGA if Bios ATA set and Vesa only with Bios ACHI set - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron M5040 || <!--Chipset-->slow amd E450, later C-50 C50 or C-60 C60 with A50M chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|non efi sata in IDE mode but base plastic difficult to remove for access}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA AMD Radeon 6320, 6250 or 6290}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio IDT}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8105E VB 10/100}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 icaros 2.1.1 and AROS USB 1.6 || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit 15INCH 1388 X 768 - f2 bios setup, f12 boot order - under removable keyboard via 4 top spring loaded catches is 1 ddr3l sodimm max 8gb and wifi - |- | Latitude e6230 E6330 E6430 || i3 3320M 3350M 2.8 GHz i5 3360M i7 3520M || {{N/A}} || {{partial|non RAID mode}} || {{partial|Intel HD 4000 (VESA only)}} || {{no|HD Audio}} || {{partial|Intel USB 3.0 (USB 1.1 2.0 only)}} || {{No|Intel 82579LM Gigabit}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313}} || <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2014 09-27 || 2013 64bit Ivy Bridge - 12.5-inch 13.3-inch 14-inch screen - not great support, better under hosted - |- | <!--Name-->Dell Latitude 3330 || <!--Chipset-->Core i3 – 2375M to i5 – 3337U, Intel® Core i3 – 3227U, Celeron 1007U on HM77 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d for intel Hd 2000 3000 vga hdmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio with IDT 92HD93 Controller codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.0 (2), USB 2.0 PowerShare capable }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwood usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit, 13.3” HD 1366X768 16:9, 2 ddr3l slots max 8Gb, 720p HD video webcam, |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 15 5565 5567 AMD versions, Inspiron 3595 || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9200u A9-9400 9425 A12-9700P Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->Radeon R5 R8 GCN 3 || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{partial| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit AVX2 - 15.6in 768p or 900p - there are intel versions avoid - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Latitude 5495, Inspiron 15 3585 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2300U 2500U 2700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|NVMe or optional 2.5in sata if caddy and ribbon cable}} || <!--Gfx-->Radeon Vega 3 or 7 || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3246 aka ALC295 0x10ec, 0x0295 or ALC3263 aka ALC 0x10ec, 0x0 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14.0" FHD WVA 1080p (16:9) 220 nits or HD 768p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 32gb - 68whr battery with 2pin cmos bios coin - DC 19.5V 4.62A (90W) or 19.5V 3.34W (65W) 5.0mm x 7.4mm PA12 charging adapter - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 3505, Vostro 3515 || <!--Chipset-->athlon 300u, Ryzen 3250u (2c4t) 3450u 3500u 3700u (4c8t), Athlon Silver (2c2t) Gold (2c4t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|up to 2 nvme with optional 2.5in sata ribbon connector}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8, 10}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|Realtek ALC3204, Cirrus Logic CS8409 (CS42L42 and SN005825)}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|RTL 8106E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8723DE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64-bit - 15.6inch - 2 ddr4 sodimm max 16G - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 5485 2-in-1 || <!--Chipset-->athlon 300u, Ryzen 3250u (2c4t) 3450u 3500u 3700u (4c8t), Athlon Silver (2c2t) Gold (2c4t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8, 10}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|Realtek ALC3204}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8723DE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64-bit - 14inch - 2 ddr4 sodimm max 16G - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude 3500, 3310, 3410, 3510, || <!--Chipset-->Intel Celeron-4205U, Pentium-5405U, Core i5 (8th Gen) i3-8145U, 8265U, i5-8365U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2D for Intel UHD Graphics 610 or 620 hdmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio with Realtek ALC}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 usb-c usb-a}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111H}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p to 1080p 220nits - 65w - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - rtc cr2032 cmos 2 pin - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 5405 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 4500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->One M.2 2230/2280 nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3204 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14" 1080p - dell round ac 19.50 VDC 4.50 mm x 2.90 mm 65W(19.5V-3.34A) round 4.5mm tip - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron 5415, Inspiron 5515 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 5300U, Ryzen 5 5500U, Ryzen 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with realtek ALC3254 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 14" or 15.6in - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use or use dell round ac 65W 4.5MM x 3.0MM - replacing keyboard not easy - 1 ddr4 sodimm - |- | <!--Name-->Vostro 3425, Vostro 3525, Vostro 5625 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 5425U, Ryzen 5 5625U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB4}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 14in 15.6" to 16" FHD 1080p - dell round ac 65w 4.5MM x 3.0MM or avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use - |- | <!--Name-->Dell Inspiron 15 Model 3535, Inspiron 14 7435 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 7520U, AMD Ryzen 5 7530U, 7 7730U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{No| hdmi 1.4 but no gpmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2024 64bit - 14.0" or 15.6" 1080p - dell round ac 65w 4.5MM x 3.0MM or usb-c charging - full sd card slot - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |} ====Fujitsu-Siemens==== [[#top|...to the top]] Order of build quality (Lowest to highest) <pre > Amilo Esprimo Lifebook </pre > {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Fujitsu [http://www.labri.fr/perso/fleury/index.php?page=bug_transmeta FMV-Biblo Loox S73A (Japan P1100) LifeBook P1120 Biblo Loox T93C (Japan P2120) P2020] || <!--Chipset-->Transmeta Crusoe CPU TM5600 633MHz with Ali M1535 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->ATI Rage Mobility M with 4MB SDRAM || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 Ali M1535 + STAC9723 Codec}} || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 only || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1999 32bit 10" 1280 x 600 matte LCD - QuickPoint IV mouse - metal chassis with palm rest plastic - 15GB 2.5 inch drive and SR 8175 8X DVD-ROM drive - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Lifebook S7000 S7010 S7010D S2020 || <!--Chipset-->Pentium M 1.6 or 1.7GHz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - Intel 855}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|AC97 with STAC 9751T or 9767 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros, Broadcom or Intel 2200BG - FN,F10}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit 14.1 inch with minimal support |- | <!--Name-->Lifebook e8010 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 855GM}} || <!--Audio-->AC97 STAC9767 or ALC203 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5705M}} || <!--Wireless-->Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3.1 || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit 15.1 inch |- | <!--Name-->Stylistic ST5000 ST5010 ST5011 ST5012 ST5020 ST5021 ST5022 || <!--Chipset-->1.0GHz P-M and later 1.1GHz on Intel 855GME || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Intel 800 use VESA || <!--Audio-->Intel AC97 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM5788 tg3 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200BG}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit charged via a proprietary port power connector 16V 3.75A with wacom serial pen interface - indoor Screen transmissive 10.1 and later 12.1 XGA TFT - |- | <!--Name-->Amilo Pro V2010 || <!--Chipset-->VIA CN400 PM880 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{No|S3 unichrome use VESA}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|VIA AC97 VT8237 with codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Rhine 6102 6103 || <!--Wireless-->RaLink RT2500 || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit boot mount - unknown bootstrap error then crashes |- | <!--Name-->Amilo Li 1705 CN896 || <!--Chipset--> with VIA P4M900 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE}} || <!--Gfx-->ATi || <!--Audio-->{{No|VIA VT8237 HD Audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->VT82xx 62xx || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|VIA Rhine}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros G}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit random freezes |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> Esprimo Mobile V5535 Skt mPGA 478MN | <!--Chipset--> | <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE and EIDE}} | <!--SATA--> {{maybe|IDE mode with SIS 5513}} | <!--Gfx--> {{maybe|SiS 771 / 671 (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{yes|HD Audio SIS968 SIS966 SI7012 with ALC268 codec}} | <!--USB--> {{no|USB 1.1 and 2.0 issues}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|SiS 191 gigabit}} | <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros AR5001 mini pci express}} | <!--Test Distro-->aros one 1.5 usb | <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 20v barrel - f2 setup f12 multi boot - random freezing short time after booting - chipset SIS 671MX - |- | <!--Name-->Amilo SI 1520 1521p || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 2D}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio Conexant codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Intel Pro 100}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.4.2 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit - Set Bios option ATA Control Mode to Compatible |- | <!--Name-->Lifebook S7020 S7020D || <!--Chipset--> Pentium M 740 1.73MHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 915 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC260 codec || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM5751M Gigabit || <!--Wireless-->Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG or Atheros 5k || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Stylistic ST5030 ST5031 ST5032 || <!--Chipset-->1 to 1.2GHx Pentium M with 915GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Intel 900 || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Marvell || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit charged via a proprietary port power connector 6.0 x 4.4 mm round - 200 pin ddr2 ram |- | <!--Name-->Stylistic ST5110 ST5111 ST5112 || <!--Chipset-->945GM with 1.2GHz Core Duo and Core2 Duo || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 900 || <!--Audio-->HD audio with STAC9228 codec || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 ABG or optional atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 either 32 or 64 bit - charged via a proprietary port power connector 6.0 x 4.4 mm round - SigmaTel® touchscreen - |- | <!--Name-->E8110 S7110 E8210 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|945GM}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC262 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8055 Gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit Core Duo |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || CHIPSET || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Lifebook PH521 || <!--Chipset-->AMD E-350 E-450 1.65GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->HD 6310M 6320M || <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC269 || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 802.11 bgn}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6 inch 1366x768 pixels - DDR3 1066MHz - |- | <!--Name-->LIFEBOOK E752/E782/S752/S782 || <!--Chipset--> with Intel Core i3-2328M to i3-3110M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82579V 1000 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel Wireless 6205 may be able to swap for Atheros 5k }} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 64bit || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====HP Compaq==== [[#top|...to the top]] Build quality (Lowest to highest) <pre > Presario Pavilion Omnibook ProBook Armada Elitebook </pre > {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->1c00 series Compaq Presario [http://users.utu.fi/sjsepp/linuxcompaqarmada100s.html Armada 100S made by Mitac], 1247 || <!--Chipset-->K6-II with PE133 MVP-4 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA - Trident Blade3D AGP sp16953 || <!--Audio-->VIA ac'97 audio [rev20] with AD1881A codec || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|usual VIA issues [rev10]}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit 192MB max - PCcard Texas PC1211 no support - 1200 XL1 1200-XL1xx, XL101, XL103 XL105 XL106 XL109 XL110 XL111 XL116 XL118 XL119 XL125 |- | <!--Name-->1c01 series Armada 110, Evo N150 || <!--Chipset-->Intel with VIA PLE133 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - Trident Cyber Blade i1 chipset || <!--Audio-->VIA 686 rev20 82xxx 686a || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 82557 Pro 100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit max 192mb sodimm 100Mhz 133Mhz ram memory - 1200-XL405A 12XL405A XL502A 12XL502A 1600XL |- | Armada M300 M700 E500 || 440BX || {{Yes| }} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|ATI Rage LT M1 Mobility (VESA only)}} || {{no|AC97 ESS Maestro 2E M2E ES1987 sound}} || {{yes|USB1.1 only}} || {{No|[http://perho.org/stuff/m300/index_en.html Intel PRO 100+ Mini PCI]}} || {{N/A}} || Aspire OS 2012, Nightly 30-01 2013 and 04-05 2013 || 1999 32bit - F10 bios options and Fn+F11 reset CMOS with 64mb ram already on board |- | <!--Name-->HP Omnibook XE3 || <!--Chipset-->Intel BX 600Mhz GC model 256mb or AMD GD 500Mhz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA - S3 Inc. 86C270 294 Savage IX-MV (rev 11) || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1988 Allegro 1 (rev 12)}} || <!--USB-->Intel 82371AB PIIX4 USB (rev 01) || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit no cardbus pcmcia support - no audio from Polk Audio Speakers - |- | <!--Name-->HP Omnibook XE3 || <!--Chipset-->82830 ICH3 P3-M 750MHz 800Mhz 900MHz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - CGC 830MG}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ESS ES1988 Maestro 3i}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|only one 1.1 port}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|e100 82557}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A|}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.51 || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit Boots USB Stick via Plop boot floppy - Memory for GF 256-512mb, GS up 1GB |- | <!--Name-->TC1000 TC-1000 Tablet PC || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA NV11 [GeForce2 Go] (rev b2) || <!--Audio-->VIA AC97 Audio (rev 50) || <!--USB-->OHCI NEC USB 2.0 (rev 02) || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 82551 QM (rev 10) || <!--Wireless-->Atmel at76c506 802.11b || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit Transmeta LongRun (rev 03) with VT82C686 - Texas Instruments TI PCI1520 PC card Cardbus |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq R3000 ZV5000 (Compal LA-1851) || <!--Chipset-->Nvidia nForce 3 with AMD CPU || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go 32M] || <!--Audio-->Nvidia || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom or Realtek RTL8139 || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4303 BCM4306 or Atheros bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - HPs have a setting to automatically disable wireless if a wired connection is detected |- | <!--Name-->Compaq [http://www.walterswebsite.us/drivers.htm Presario 700 series] || <!--Chipset-->VT8363 VT8365 [Apollo Pro KT133 KM133] || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VT8636A (S3 Savage TwisterK) (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|VIA AC97 [rev50] with AD1886 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|VIA UHCI USB 1.1 [rev1a]}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RealTek RTL8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom BCM4306}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit poor consumer grade level construction - jbl audio pro speakers - no support for cardbus pcmcia TI PCI1410 - 700A EA LA UK US Z 701AP EA BR FR 701Z 702US 703US AP JP audio sp18895 Sp19472 |- |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | N400c || P3-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 CAM IDE U100}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Rage Mobility 128 (VESA only)}} || {{No|Maestro 3 allegro 1}} || {{yes|USB1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit Has no optical disc drive |- | N410c || P3-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 CAM IDE U100}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Radeon Mobility M7 LW 7500 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|Intel AC97 with AD1886 codec}} || {{yes|USB1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit Has no optical disc drive |- | Evo N600c || Pentium 4 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility M7 (VESA only)}} || {{No|ESS ES1968 Maestro 2}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2003 32bit |- | Evo N610c || Pentium 4 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility M7 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|Intel ICH AC97 with AD1886 codec}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || |- | N800c || P4 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility 7500 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit P4M CPU can get very warm |- | <!--Name-->NX7010 || <!--Chipset-->Intel || <!--IDE-->{{yes|IDE}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI mobility 7500 or 9000 Radeon 9200 64MB (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 ADI codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|uhci (1.1) and ehci (2.0)}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200b bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Compaq Preasrio V5000 (Compal LA-2771) || <!--Chipset-->AMD Sempron 3000+ or Turion ML with SB400 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - Ati RS480M Xpress 200}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 ATI with Conexant CX 20468 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8100 8101L 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|bcm4318 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2004 64bit single core machine V5001 V5002 V5002EA V5003 |- | <!--Name-->TC1100 TC-1100 Tablet PC || <!--Chipset-->855PM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia Geforce4 Go || <!--Audio-->AC97 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|BCM 4400}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros wlan W400 W500 or ? bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit |- | <!--Name-->NC6000 NC8000 NW8000 || <!--Chipset-->855PM with Pentium M 1.5 1.6 1.8GHz 2.0GHz || <!--IDE-->max 160 GB for NW 8000 || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Ati RV350 mobility 9600 M10 Fire GL T2 ISV use VESA 2D as no laptop display}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel AC97 with ADI codec playback only}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|2 ports}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM 5705M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|mini pci Atheros 5212 BG W400 W500 or Intel - all bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 based [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=41916&forum=47 works] - Firewire TI TSB43AB22/A - 8 pound 2.5 kg travel weight - an SD slot as well as two PC Card slots - 15-inch UXGA screen (1,600 x 1,200) or 15" SXGA+ (1400 x 1050) (4:3 ratio) |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Compaq NC6110 NX6110 NC6120 NC6220 NC4200 NC8200 TC4200 || <!--Chipset-->GMA 915GML || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D GMA 900}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 with ADI AD1981B playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|440x or BCM 5705M or 5751M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel IPW 2200 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5.2 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit Sonoma based - Wifi with Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY else use USB one - (INVENTEC ASPEN UMA MV) (INVENTEC ASPEN DIS PV) - |- | <!--Name-->Compaq C500 CTO aka HP G7000 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 945GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with realtek ALC262 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom BCM 4311 bios locked || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit |- | <!--Name-->HP DV6000 || <!--Chipset-->945GMS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio IDT 92HD 91B || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel PRO 100 VE || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32 bit only - Mosfet FDS6679 common cause of shorts giving no power to the tip. To reset adapter, unplug from AC (mains) and wait 15-30 sec. Then plug in again - |- | Presario F700 series, HP G6000 f730us F750 F750us F755US F756NR F765em || AMD Turion Mono MK-36 2.0Ghz NForce 560m or Twin X2 TK-55 with nForce 610m MCP67 || {{N/A| }} || {{Yes|but needs special sata adapt bit and caddy}} || {{Yes|GF Go 7000m 2D and 3D 640x350 to 1280x800 - ball solder issues due to poor cooling}} || {{Maybe| }} || {{Maybe|uhci and ehci boots}} || {{No|Nvidia }} || {{Yes|Atheros AR5007 bios locked}} || Icaros 1.3.1 and Aros One 1.6 USB || 2006 64bit - f9 boot device f10 bios setup - random freezes after a minutes use means internal ventilation maintenance needed each year essential - No sd card and overall limited phoenix bios options - |- | <!--Name-->Presario v6604au v6608au V3500 || <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA MCP67M with AMD Athlon64 X2 TK 55 amd 1.8ghz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|SATA 150}} || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA GeForce Go 7150M 630i or C67 630M MCP67 || <!--Audio-->conexant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia or Realtek 10/100 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom 4311 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit Altec Lansing Stereo Speakers - ball solder issues - |- | <!--Name-->Compaq presario v6610 v6615eo v6620us || <!--Chipset-->Turion 64 X2 mobile TK-55 / 1.8 GHz to athlon 64x2 @ 2.4ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|SATA 150}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|geforce 7150 or 7300m 2d and 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AMD HD Audio with IDT codec stereo playback only}} || <!--USB-->3 OHCI EHCI || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3 - || <!--Comments-->2007 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=40956&forum=48 works well] - 1 x ExpressCard/54 - SD Card slot - AO4407 test voltage of the Drain side (pins 5-8) with AC adapter and no battery, see 0 volts, connect the battery you should have 10-14v - |- | <!--Name-->v6630em v6642em || <!--Chipset-->nForce 630M with AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-58 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA GeForce 6150M or 7150M || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 15.4 in 1280 x 800 ( WXGA ) - |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq NC6400 || <!--Chipset-->945GM Core Duo || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|GMA 950 2D issues and no 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio AD1981HD}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|BCM }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros || <!--Comments-->2007 - replaced with Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY else use USB g - * 32bit Core Duo T2400 * 64bit Core 2 Duo T5600 T7600 |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq NV NC6400 || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo + 945PM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Radeon x1300M (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with ADI1981 low volume}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|BCM 5753M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 ABG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.4.2 || <!--Opinion-->2007 Harmon Kardon speakers |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq NC6320 || <!--Chipset-->945GM with * 32bit Core Duo 1.83GHz T2400 * 64bit Core2 Duo 1.83GHz T5600 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 950 2D with a little 3D tunnel 213}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with AD1981HD codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|BCM 5788}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2 || <!--Comments-->2007 replaced with Atheros AR5007eg if applying hacked wifi bios RISKY!! else use USB - 14.1" or 15 inch XGA 1024x768 - noisy cpu fan for core2 - trackpad rhs acts as window scroller - |- | <!--Name-->HP NC4400 TC4400 Tablet || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo with 82945 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|bios F.07 limits to 100GB 120GB}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|2D and 3D 282 tunnel and gearbox 150}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ADI 1981HD codec via ear phones}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|BCM 5753M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 or BCM 4306 - Whitelist BIOS F.0C needed but risky}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->2008 64 bit possible with Core2 - TI SD card reader non bootable - wacom serial digitiser pen not working - * 32bit 1.86GHz core duo * 64bit 2Ghz T7200, 2.16Ghz Core 2 Duo T7600 2.33GHz |- | <!--Name-->HP Pavilion DV2000 CTO || <!--Chipset-->945GMS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950, X3100, Nvidia 8400M || <!--Audio-->HD Audio Conexant CX 20549 Venice || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia MCP51 || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM 4311 or Intel 3945 4965 ABG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY |- | <!--Name-->Compaq Presario C700 || <!--Chipset-->GMA960 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->X3100 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139 || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros AR5007 AR5001 AR242x}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 |- | <!--Name-->Compaq 2510p 6510b 6710b 6910b || <!--Chipset-->GMA 965GM GL960 || <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|X3100 some 2d but slow software 3d only}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio ADI AD1981 HD low volume on head phones}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82566 or Broadcom BCM 5787M}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945ABG or 4965ABG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aspire OS Xenon 2014 || <!--Comments-->2008 no sd card boot support - F9 to choose boot option - [http://forums.mydigitallife.info/threads/7681-This-is-no-request-thread!-HP-COMPAQ-bioses-how-to-modify-the-bios/page111?p=333358#post333358 whitelist removal (risky) bios block for wifi card swap] |- | <!--Name-->CQ40 CQ41 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Intel}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BC4310 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 |- | <!--Name-->Compaq Presario CQ35 CQ36 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4312 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 Compal LA-4743P - |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq CQ42 CQ43 CQ45 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Coxenant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8191SE, Realtek 8188CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 (Quanta AX1) |- | <!--Name-->Compaq Presario CQ50 CQ56 || <!--Chipset-->Nvidia MCP78S || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Geforce 8200M || <!--Audio-->nVidia HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->nvidia MCP77 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR928X bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 [http://donovan6000.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/insyde-bios-modding-wifi-and-wwan-whitelists.html bios modding risky] MCP72XE MCP72P MCP78U MCP78S |- | <!--Name-->CQ60 || <!--Chipset-->Single core Sempron to dual turion || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Nvidia 8200M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 |- | <!--Name-->HP DV6700 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{no|Vesa for Nvidia 8400M}} || <!--Audio-->{{no| }} || <!--USB-->{{no| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->CQ60 || <!--Chipset-->Intel C2D || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Nvidia 9200M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->CQ57z || <!--Chipset-->AMD slow E-300 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA ATi HD 6310 wrestler}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek RTL8101 RTL8102}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RaLink RT5390}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->HP CQ58z 103SA E5K15EA || <!--Chipset-->AMD slow Dual-Core E1-1500 APU with A68M FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon HD 7310}} || <!--Audio-->Realtek idt codec || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 10/100 BASE-T}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 39.6 cm (15.6") HD BrightView LED-backlit (1366 x 768) |- | <!--Name-->HP 635 DM1 || <!--Chipset-->AMD slow E-300, E-450 later E2-1800 on SB7x0 SB8x0 SB9x0 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->ATI non efi SATA AHCI - IDE mode || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA 2D - AMD HD6310, 6320 to HD7340}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ALC270A GR but not Wrestler HDMI Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 driver covers Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 14" 1366 x 768 - f9 f10 - external battery - 2 stacked ddr3l sodimm slots max 16Gb under one base plate - removable keyboard - |- | <!--Name-->HP G6 2000-2b10NR 2000-2d10SX 2000-2d80NR || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow E1-2000 E2-3000M on A50M (soldered) A4-3305A on A60M (socket) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Radeon 6320, 6620G, 6520G, 6480G, 6380G}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek 100 1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 39.6-cm (15.6-in) HD LED BrightView (1366×768) - 1 or 2 ddr3l max 8G - 19VDC 3.42A Max 65W Tip 7.4mm x 5.0mm - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 6465B || <!--Chipset-->AMD massively slow A6-3310MX or A6-3410MX with A60M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD 6480G or 6520G}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|IDT 92HD81B1X}} || <!--USB-->{{No| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel AC 6205 or broadcom 4313 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 13-inch or 14-inch runs hot - |- | <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 8470p 8570p || <!--Chipset-->Intel Quad i7-3840QM, i7-3610QM, i7-3520M, i5-3210M, i3-3130M, i3-2370M on Intel QM77 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|set the bios boot options to not fastboot and drive mode IDE rather than AHCI }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for HD4000 with some having switchable Radeon M2000 or 7570M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio for IDT codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel 82579LM }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel, Broadcom, Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro-->64 bit boots from CD* if safe mode 2 is used, although it is possible to remove the 'nodma' and 'debug' entries and boot || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit with SSE4.1 and AVX - 14in 1600 x 900 to 1366 x 768 - 2 DDR3L sodimm slots max 16Gb - TPM 1.2 - dual boot 32/64 bit is working fine - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 6475b, Probook 4445s 4545s, HP Pavilion 15-b115sa, [https://support.hp.com/gb-en/document/c04015674#AbT6 HP mt41 Mobile Thin Client PC] || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow A4 4300M, A6 4400M 4455M or A8 4500M with AMD A70M A76M FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 7420 7520G 7640G 7660G}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio with idt or realtek codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek RTL8151FH-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6205 or Broadcom BCM 43228 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6-inch - |- | <!--Name-->HP ENVY 15-k112nl K1Y78EA || <!--Chipset-->Intel® Core™ i7 i7-4510U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->Intel HD4400 and/without NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX 850M || <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwood usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 15.6" 768p to 1080p - 19.5V 3.33A/4.62A/6.15A 65W/90W/120W AC - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 255 G1, 455 G1 F2P93UT#ABA, 645 G1, Envy 15-j151ea G7V80EA, Envy m6-1310sa (E4R01EA#ABU) || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow Dual-Core E1-1500, or AMD Quad A4-4300M A8-4500M A10-4600M A4-5150M A6-5350M 2.9Ghz A10-5750M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for 7310, 7420G 7520G 7640G 7660G 8350G 8450G or 8550G, 8650G, 8750G }} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio IDT 92HD91 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 14in and 15in 1366 x 768 - external battery - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - 19.5v / 4.62A psu runs hot - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 245 G4, 255 G2, 455 G2, 255 G3, 455 G3, 255 G4 80CB, 255 G5 82F6, 355 G2, HP Pavilion 15-p038na 15-g092sa 15-p091sa 15-G094S 15-p144na 15-p142na, 15-Af156sa || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow A4-5000 A6-5200, E2-6110, E1-6010 E2-2000, E1-2100 E2-3800, A4-6210 A6-6310 A8-6410, E2-7110, A6-7310 A8-7410 APU on A68M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata some with cdrw dvdrw || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R2 R4 R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio ALC3201-GR}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8102E or Atheros 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Qualcomm Atheros AR9565}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit most have SSE4 AVX but E2-2000 does not - 15.6-inch (1366 x 768) - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - small 31Whr or 41Whr external battery covers 240 G4, 245 G4, 250 G4, 255 G4, 256 G4, 14G, 15G - keyboard repair swap requires removal of all components - |- | <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 725 G2, 745 G2, 755 G2 || <!--Chipset-->Amd Quad very slow A6-7050B A8-7150B 1.9GHz A10-7350B || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA on AMD R4 R5 Radeon R6 with DP and vga}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD audio with IDT 92HD91}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 PCIe GBE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom or Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 12.5-inch, 14" or 15.6in (all 1366 x 768) - 19.5V 65w 45W AC adapter - internal pull up tab battery under base which slides off - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - keyboard swap requires removal of all components - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 645 g2, Probook 445 G2, Probook 245 G2 most have cmos rtc battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow A6-8600 A8-8700 a10- || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon R5 R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel I219V 100/1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel or Qualcomm Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 14in and 15.6-inch HD (1366 x 768) or FHD 1080p - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots max 16GB - internal battery - hp ac psu tip - |- | <!--Name-->HP Probook 455 G3 should have a cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD slow A10-8700P || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 2.5in sata and most should have 9.5mm dvd-rw || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Conexant CX7501 codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|RTL8188EE }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 725 G3, 745 G3, 755 G3, 725 G4, 745 G4, 755 G4, HP mt43 || <!--Chipset-->Amd slow A8-8600B, A10-8700B, A12-8800B to Quad A8 Pro 9600B to A10 9800 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA on AMD R5 R6 R7 with DP and vga but screen is low res, dull colours, and blurry}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD audio with IDT codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 5762 PCIe GBE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8723BE-VB}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 12.5-inch (1366 x 768) to 14" and 15.6in - 2 sodimm ddr3 - 19.5V 45W AC slim 4.5mm hp adapter - randomly shuts down and the noisy fans constantly on - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 645 G3, 655 G3 should have a cmos rtc battery underside of mb || <!--Chipset-->AMD 8th Gen slow A10-8730B, A8-9600B (4c4t) A6-8530B (2c2t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for AMD R5}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel or Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 15.6in - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - keyboard repair swap requires removal of all components - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 250 G5 easy cmos and external main battery || <!--Chipset-->Intel i7-6500U, i5-6200U, i3-6100U to slow i3-6006U, N3710 all sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2D for iGPU Intel HD405 to HD520 dGPU or AMD Radeon R5 430M}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3227 (or ALC282) codec 0x0282 }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 15.6 inch 768p - HP ac psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 250 G6 SL52 LA-E801P - easy cmos battery and external battery || <!--Chipset-->Intel tested '''7200U''' untested 7500U to slow N3060 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|ahci on M.2 sata or 2.5in whichever installed with 1 m.2 permanent and internal dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel Intel HD Graphics 620 or AMD Radeon 520}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio 0x8086, 0xa170 or 0x8086, 0x9dc8 with ALC3227 aka ALC282 codec 0x10EC, x0282}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|intel sunrise point-lp USB3.0 xHCI}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8821CE or Intel wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p or 1080p - 19.5V 65W - 2 DDR4 sodimm slots max 16Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - poor hinges - |- | <!--Name-->HP Pavilion 14-BS, HP 15-BS LA-E802P cmos battery and external battery || <!--Chipset-->Intel i3-7200U to slow Celeron || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3, most have no cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for Intel}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0x9d70 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->HP 14-bw022na - cmos coin battery and external battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow A6-9120 APU || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for R3}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio VOID with conexant CX7501 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 not working but port on the right works}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p to 900p - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP Probook 455 G4, Probook 455 G5, cmos battery on underside of mb take off back cover and below wifi card || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow A10-9600P APU, A9-9410, A6-9210 APU || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R4, R5 or R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|realtek or intel Wireless-AC 7265}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 15.6in 768p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - keyboard swap problematic - rr03xl battery - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 255 G6 (), easy cmos and external battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow E2-9000e, A9-9420, 9220P, A4-9125 (all 2c) AMD A6-9225 AMD A9-9425 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3 and internal cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for R2 R3 R4}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x157a or 0x1002, 0x15b3 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 255 G7 (la-g078p) - no cmos battery so needs internal battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow E2-9000e, A9-9420, 9220P, A4-9125 (all 2c) AMD A6-9225 AMD A9-9425 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3, most have no internal cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for R2 R3 R4}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x157a or 0x1002, 0x15b3 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->ProBook 245 g8 - no cmos rtc coin battery but uses internal battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD very slow A6-9225, A4-9125, A6-8350B, A4-5350B APU || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 sata || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA R4 R6}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit 768p - many later variants - keyboard swap problematic - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Probook 255 G7 84AE 7DE72EA 7DE73EA (epv51 la-g076p) - CMOS Error (502) replace main internal battery HT03XL to have bios remember settings || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 2200U 2300U (2c4t), R5 2500U, R7 2700U (4c8t) Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|M.2 (Sata or NVMe) and very optional 2.5in sata, most have mini sata port}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d 640p to 768p for AMD Vega 3, 6, or 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with ALC236 0x10ec, 0x0236 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8821CE, 8822BE or Intel AC 8265}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS x64 deadwoods' iso does not boot with cd/dvd and installed to 2.5in ssd, boots to grub choice, select but no further and reboots || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - 12.5 to 15.6in 768p mostly to 1080p - 1 on smaller laptops or 2 ddr4 2400mhz sodimm slots on larger laptops max 16Gb - hp 4.5mm blue tip charging - keyboard swap problematic - esc boot options f9 boot order f10 bios - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->HP EliteBook 725 G5, 735 G5, 745 G5, 755 G5, Probook 455 G6, ProBook 645 G6 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 2200U 2300U (2c4t), R5 2500U, R7 2700U (4c8t) Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|M.2 (Sata or NVMe) and very optional 2.5in sata, some have mini sata port but no cdrw dvdrw}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d 640p to 768p for AMD Vega 3, 6, or 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with ALC 0x10ec, 0x0 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8821CE, 8822BE or Intel AC 8265}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso does not boot software error || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - 12.5 to 15.6in 768p mostly to 1080p - 1 on smaller laptops or 2 ddr4 2400mhz sodimm slots on larger laptops max 16Gb - hp 4.5mm blue tip charging - keyboard swap problematic - esc boot options f9 boot order f10 bios - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->HP 14-cm, 15-bw0, HP 15-db0043na, HP 15-db0996na, HP 15-db0997na, 17-ca0007na, 17-ca1, ProBook 645 G4 - no cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 2200U (2c 4t) 2500U (4c 8t) with AMD Carrizo FCH 51 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 M.2 and 1 2.5in on some larger models and hdd port }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R5 and later Vega 3 or 7}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio 0x1002, 0x103c or 0x1022, 0x157a with Realtek ALC3227 0x10ec, 0x0282 but ATI HDMI}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|USB3 USB boot drive stuck on kitty's eyes}} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 RTL8111E || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL 8723DE 8821 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2020 Icaros 2.3 USB, Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso does not boot software error || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit 2kg - screen is dim 14in, 15.6in or 17.3" 768p or 1080p - 65W 19.5V ac adapter - internal 3-cell 41 Wh Li-ion battery does not last long - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - no DVD-Writer - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 250 G7, 250 G8 - no cmos battery so needs internal battery and needs usb3 boot due to garbage bios boot options || <!--Chipset-->Intel 8235U 8265U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|M.2 nvme not working, optional sata 2.5in requires LS-G072P and ribbon cable, if internal cdrw dvdrw partial boot}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel WhiskeyLake-U 620 GT2 UHD}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0xa170 or 0x8086, 0x9dc8 with ALC236 codec 0x10EC, x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|Cannon Point-LP USB3.1 xHCI}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso does not boot stuck on kittys eyes || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit 1080p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 16Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - |- | <!--Name-->HP 255 G7 7DC73EA 2D200EA 87CE (fpp55 la-g07jp), - CMOS Error (502) replace 41.04Wh ht03xl hto3xl dynapack suzhou main battery to have bios remember settings || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' R5 3500U (4c8t) '''untested''' mostly dual cores - AMD Athlon Gold 3150U (2c2t), Silver 3050U APU (2c2t), Ryzen 3 Pro 3145U APU, 3200U (2c4t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 m.2 NVMe or sata3 up to 2280, optional 2.5in sata, many have mini-sata slimline 6+7 internal port but no physical 9mm drive}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D from 640p to 1080p for AMD Vega 3, 6 or 8 with up to 2gb ram taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with realtek ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 but no usb-c}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek GbE RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 8822BE}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 Aros One 32bit and 64bit burnt iso does not fully boot (stuck on kitty's eyes) and installed onto 2.5in on another compatible computer, sometimes has dosboot bootstrap error -6 || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in / 15.6in dim tn panel 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16gb - hp 19.5V 45W 65W AC blue tip round 4.5 mm - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - caps lock blinking 3 times then 2 quick pulses means ram or bios issue - f9 boot order f10 uefi - laptop needs usb3 to boot and use so avoid until usb3 arrives |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 450 G5 needs main battery for bios settings saved || <!--Chipset-->Intel i7-8550U, i5-8250U, i3-8130U, i7-7500U, i5-7200U, i3-7100U, i3-7020, i3-6006U all sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel UHD}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 15.6 inch 768p or 1080p - HP ac psu, 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - |- | <!--Name-->[https://support.hp.com/gb-en/document/c06955717 ProBook 245 g8], Probook 445R G6, 455R G6, HP14-dk0599sa, pavilion 15-cw1511na 15-cw1507sa, HP 15s-eq1516sa no cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Gold 3150U (2c2t), Silver 3050U APU (2c2t), Ryzen 3 Pro 3145U APU, 3200U (2c4t) and 3500U (4c8t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1 m.2 (NVMe or sata3 up to 2280), optional 2.5in sata but resets}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D from 640p to 1080p for AMD Vega 3, 6 or 8 with up to 2gb ram taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with realtek ALC codec 0x10ec, 0x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek GbE RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 8822BE}} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in / 15.6in dim tn panel 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16gb - hp 19.5V 45W 65W AC blue tip round 4.5 mm - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - f9 boot order f10 uefi |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 450 G6 needs main battery for bios settings saved || <!--Chipset-->Intel i7-8565U, i5-8265U, i3-8165U all sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel UHD 620}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3246 aka ALC295 codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6 inch 768p or 1080p - 45W 19.5V HP ac psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->Elitebook 735 G6 5VA23AV, Elitebook 745 G6, 255 g8, HP 15s-dy - no cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD® Ryzen™ 5-3500U Ryzen 3-3300U AMD Ryzen 3-3250U AMD Athlon® Gold 3150U AMD Athlon Silver 3050U AMD 3020e || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|m.2 2280 nvme in legacy - hp sure start and secure boot disabled but still issues with gpt installs - LS-H323P LS-K201P}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Vega 8, 5 or 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 6.34 ahi with realtek ALC codec 0x10EC, 0x0295}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 type-A port boots stick partially to kitty eyes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 realtek RTL8111E or 8111H}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|realtek or intel}} || <!--Test Distro-->2020 Icaros 2.3 onto USB and AROS One 1.8 USB, Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6in 1366x768 to 1920x1080 - 2 3200MHz DDR4 sodimms - 19.5V 2.31A or 20V 2.25 45W 4.5X3.0MM hp - esc bios setup, f9 boot device select - low travel keyboard - poor hw03xl or battery life - plastic hooked base with retained screws - touchpad? - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 445 G7, 455 G7 || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 4300U 5 4500U 4700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 sata and 1 nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with realtek alc236 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek rtl8111ep}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|realtek RTL8822CE or intel AC 9260 or Wi-Fi 6 AX200}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14 inch 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - smart 45w 65w hp or usb-c charging - keyboard swap problematic - RE03XL battery - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 450 G7 || <!--Chipset-->Intel || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel UHD}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111EP}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || <!--Comments-->2020 15.6 inch 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - |- | <!--Name-->HP EliteBook 745 G7, 845 G7, HP 15-EH0006NA || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, 5 4500U, PRO 4650U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->SSD M.2 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Radeon Vega 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|Hdaudio with codec 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - Bang & Olufsen speakers - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 255 G8, HP 245 G9, ProBook 255 G9 816C2EA#ABE, - no cmos battery only internal battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD RYZEN 3 5300u, 5425U, 5 5500U 5625U, 7 5700u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|NVMe}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Vega 6 or 8 hdmi 1.4B}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822CE or Intel}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 14" to 15.6in 768p to 1080p poor gamut - 45 or 65w hp psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16GB - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 450 G9 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel Iris Xe}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111H}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 15.6 inch - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - |- | <!--Name-->HP EliteBook 645 g7, 835 G8, 845 g8, HP ENVY x360 13 15, HP 17-cp0021na || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 5650U, 7 5800U, R7 Pro 5850U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Radeon}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 0x, 0x with ALC3247 aka ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek 1Gbe on 645 only}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 13.3" or 14" 1080p - poor screens low nits and srgb score - 845 gets hot ue to poor cooling - slim round hp ac - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP Dev One, HP ProBook 455 G8 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 7 5800U, R7 5850U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 15.6" 1080p - 2 internal sodimm slots - hp barrel charging - |- | <!--Name-->Elitebook 655 g9 669y1ut#aba, || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 15.6" 1080p - 1 or 2 internal sodimm slots - usb-c charging - |- | <!--Name-->HP probook 635 Aero G8 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 5600U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2921 64bit - 14in 1080p - 2 ddr4 slots - ec chip nuvoton NPCX797HA1B - bios winbond 250256JYEN - |- | <!--Name-->HP PROBOOK X360 435 G8 cmos battery || <!--Chipset-->RYZEN 5 5600U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D }} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDaudio with ALC236 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|RTL8822CE or Intel AX200}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - hp round ac plug - |- | <!--Name-->HP Elitebook 845 g9 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6000 series 6850u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->M.2 NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }}Qualcomm Atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit aluminum case - 14in 1080p to 2140p 16:10 poor screen again - 2 internal ddr5 sodimm slots - usb-c ac charging avoid any knocks - keyboard swap problematic - |- | <!--Name-->HP ProBook 445 G10, 455 G10 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5 7530U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Vega 7 || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15.6in - hp round ac - |- | <!--Name-->Hp 455 G11 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 7335U (4c8t), 5 7535U (6c12t), 7 7735U (8c16t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Vega 7 || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111HSH}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 35.6 cm (14.0 in) 1920x1200 or 2560x1600 - usb-c 45w or 65w ac - 2 ddr5 sodimm slots max 32gb - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |} ====IBM/Lenovo==== [[#top|...to the top]] Build quality (Lowest to highest) <pre > iSeries Edge Ideapad Thinkpad - good cases and construction but electronic internals same as anyone else </pre > {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad 390X 390E (2626) || <!--Chipset-->Neo Magic MM2200 with C400 P2-266 to P3 500MHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA || <!--Audio-->{{No|256AV or ESS Solo-1}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad 600x || <!--Chipset-->Intel 440BX || <!--IDE-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Neomagic NM2360 MagicMedia 256ZX}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|Crystal CS4297A codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.3.1 || <!--Comments-->1998 32bit a little support - earlier 600 and 600e were Pentium 2 based |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X20 (2662-32U) X21 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 440 BX ZX DX || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 with Cirrus Logic Crystal cs4281}} || <!--USB-->1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->no mini pci intel e100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 32bit |- | Thinkpad T20 (2647) T21 (26) T22 || 440BX || {{Maybe| }} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|Savage IX-MV (VESA only)}} || {{no|Cirrus Logic CS 4614/22/ 24/30}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2002 32bit |- | <!--Name-->A21e (2628, 2655) A22e || <!--Chipset-->440MX || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Ati rage mobility || <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 Cs4299 CS4229}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->intel e100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2002 |- | Thinkpad T23 (2647) || i810 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|S3 Super Savage IX/C SDR (VESA only)}} || {{maybe|AC'97 CS4299}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel ICH3 PRO 100 VE}} || {{no|Realtek RTL8180L others with bios hacking risky}} || || 2003 32bit with some support |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X22 X23 X24 || <!--Chipset-->830 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ATi Mobility M6 LY || <!--Audio-->Ac97 CS4299 || <!--USB-->2 x 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->Intel Pro 100 || <!--Wireless-->Actiontec Harris Semi Intersil Prism 2.5 (X23 and X24 only) || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit with slice Ultrabase X2 - |- | <!--Name-->A30 A30p || <!--Chipset-->830 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Ati Radeon M6 || <!--Audio-->AC97 CS 4299 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel Pro 100 ve || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit |- | <!--Name-->A31 A31p R31 R32 T30 || <!--Chipset-->830 || <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }} || <!--Gfx-->Ati Radeon 7500 or FireGL || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 Intel with AD1881A codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes| Intel Pro 100 ve}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->[https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Android-Ecosystem-Developers/AROS-An-operation-system-inside-Android/td-p/1441741 Icaros 1.5.2] || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit Also tested with Icaros 2.0.3. |- | Thinkpad X30 (2673) X31 (2884-xx2) X31t || i830 || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA only Radeon M6 Mobility}} || {{yes|AC97 - AD1981B codec}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{no|Cisco Aironet or Intel 2915 but atheros with bios hacking}} || Icaros 1.4 || 2004 32bit sound bit distorted |- | <!--Name-->R50e R51 || <!--Chipset-->855M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Intel 855M use VESA}} || <!--Audio-->intel AC97 with AD1981B codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Intel 100 VE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - |- | IBM Thinkpad T40 (2373) T41 T41p (2379) T42 T42p T43 T43p || Intel 8xx || {{partial|PIO}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI mobility 7500 9000 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97 playback}} || {{yes|uhci 1.1 and ehci 2.0}} || {{no|e1000}} || {{Maybe|Intel 2200bg bios locked but possible AR5BMB-44 AR5212 FRU 39T0081 mini PCI}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2004 32bit 16v IBM plug - Centrino Needs ATA=nodma option - issues with the inner chip of the SMT BGA graphics chip |- | Thinkpad X32 || i855 || {{yes|40, 60 or 80GB 2.5" PATA HDD}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA only ATI Mobility Radeon 7000 with 16MB}} || {{maybe| Intel AC'97 Audio with a AD1981B codec}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Intel 1000}} || {{no|Intel 2200 but atheros with bios hacking}} || 2016 Icaros 2.1 || 2004 32bit - 12.1" TFT display with 1024x768 resolution; 256 or 512MB PC2700 memory standard (2GB max) |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X40 X40t by Quanta || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel 800 (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel e1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel but most atheros with bios hacking - difficult though}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit last IBM design |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X41 (IBM) MT 1864 1865 2525 2526 2527 2528 x41t (Lenovo) MT 1866 1867 || <!--Chipset-->Intel with single core 1.5 1.6 and tablet 1.2GHz || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 915GML 2D}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751M tg3}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel or MiniPCI Wi-Fi Atheros AR5BMB FRU 39T0081 but ordinary atheros 54meg needs risky bios hacking}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit - amongst first Lenovo design |- | <!--Name-->R52 (most 18xx) || <!--Chipset-->Intel 915 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 915GML 2D}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit |- | <!--Name-->R52 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1870 || <!--Chipset-->ATi 200m || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{No|ATI}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom BCM5751M tg3}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad T60 T60P * 64bit - 6 or 8 is 16:10 on T60/p, eg. 8742-CTO 15.4" * 32bit - 1 and 2 are 14", 15" 4:3, like 2007-YM3 or 1952-CTO || <!--Chipset-->*any* T60/p will take a Core 2 Duo CPU with newer BIOS || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA (2D) with "p" graphics card (ATi V5200 or V5250) || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || {{no|e1000e 82573L}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel ipw3945 ABG but atheros with Middleton's or Zender BIOS hacking risky}} || Icaros 1.4 || <!--Comments-->2006 - |- | <!--Name-->X60 x60s x60t tablet || <!--Chipset-->945GMS 940GML || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|AD1981 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel 3945 ABG or fru 39T5578 Atheros 5K AR5BXB6 ar5007eg with bios hacking}} || <!--Comments-->Icaros 1.4 || 2006 32bit - perhaps needs a zendered bios update but risky |- | <!--Name-->R60 R60e || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->intel 950 with optional radeon x1300 x1400 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with 1981HD codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel or Broadcom || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel 3945 or atheros fru 39T5578 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit |- | Thinkpad T61 T61p without Middleton's or Zender BIOS || Core 2 Duo CPU T7300 T8300 || {{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || Intel GMA (2D), NVS 140m or Quadro FX 570M () || {{maybe|HD Audio with Analog Devices AD1984 or AD1984A HD Audio Codec routed to the line output}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || {{no|intel e1000e 82573L}} || {{No|Intel but atheros with bios hacking risky}} || Icaros 1.6, AROS One || 2007 64bit |- | <!--Name-->X61 x61s X61T Tablet || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo T8100 on i965 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 3100 (2D) slow 3D}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|AD1984 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82566DM}} || <!--Wireless-->{{maybe|Atheros AR5212 (some revisions use Intel WLAN runs very hot) bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit ultrabook running very hot - ddr2 max 4gb - |- | <!--Name-->R61 R61i || <!--Chipset-->Intel 965 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->intel 965 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with conexant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom BCM5787M || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2008 64bit |- | Lenovo 3000 N200 || <!--Chipset-->Santa Rosa || {{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || {{yes|Geforce 7300 (2D)}} || {{yes|ALC262 HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || {{no|Broadcom}} || {{no|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || Icaros 1.4 || 2007 64bit 3D graphics parts are supported but buggy. |- | Lenovo 3000 N200 / V200 || GM965 ICH9-M with Intel Mobile Core 2 Duo T5450 || {{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} || {{yes|X3100 (2D)}} || {{Maybe|HD Audio ALC269VB or CX20549}} || {{yes| }} || {{no|BCM5906M}} || {{no|Intel 3965 / 4965AGN bios locked}} || Icaros 1.4.1 2.1 || 2007 64bits of laptop works |- | <!--Name-->X300 || <!--Chipset-->Core 2 Duo Merom SL7100 1.2GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1.8 inch || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel X3100}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio AD1984A || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 4965 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 64bit 13.3" TFT 1440x900 (WXGA+) with LED backlight |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad Edge 11″ AMD K325 || <!--Chipset-->M880G || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA for ATI HD4200}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|8192CE (Realtek 8176) bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2007 little support |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X301 || <!--Chipset-->Core 2 Duo Penryn SU9400 Su9600 with GM45 chipset || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1.8 inch micro SATA (uSATA) || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel X4500}} || <!--Audio-->AD1984A || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 5xxx WiFi link 5100, 5150, 5300 and 5350 (WiMAX) bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 WXGA+ (1440×900) LED backlight display - 2774 or 4057 Alps and 2776 Synaptics touchpad - optical bay interface is Legacy IDE (PATA) - Addonics ADMS18SA, Lycom ST-170m |- | <!--Name-->X100e || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Neo Single-Core (MV-40) and dual cores || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|2.5in tray in ide mode in bios}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa ATI HD3200}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with CX20582 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek r8192se bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit 11.6in 1366 x 768 - 20v 65W round barrel - enter f1 setup f11 diagnostics f12 boot list - runs very warm - |- | <!--Name-->SL400 SL500 || Intel || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|IDE mode}} || {{Maybe|Nvidia 9400M}} || {{Maybe|ALC269}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{Maybe|RTL8169}} || {{Maybe| bios locked}} || || |- | <!--Name-->SL410 SL510 || 965 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE mode}} || {{maybe|Intel GMA X4500M (some 2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio with ALC269 codec - speaker and ear phones}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{yes|RTL8169}} || {{Maybe| bios locked}} || [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=645774&postcount=28 Icaros 1.3] || 2009 64bit SL-410 |- | <!--Name-->T400 ODM Wistron || <!--Chipset-->i || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Intel 4500MHD works limited 2d no 3d - optional switchable Nvidia or ATi HD3470 untested}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with Codec CX20561 (T400)}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel e1000e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel Wifi Link 5100 (AGN) half height card with FRU 43Y6493 or 5300 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit 20v lenovo plug - non-free firmware required iwlwifi |- | <!--Name-->T400s || <!--Chipset-->i || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VSEA for Intel 4500MHD works limited 2d no 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with CX20585}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel e1000e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel Wifi Link 5100 (AGN) half height card with FRU 43Y6493 or 5300 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit non-free firmware required iwlwifi |- | <!--Name-->Lenovo T500 T510 || <!--Chipset-->i || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA for switchable Intel / AMD HD 3640}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|Intel HD Audio with a CX20561 (t500) and CX20585 (T510) codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel or Lenovo branded unit Atheros AR5007EG AR5BHB63 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit |- | <!--Name-->X200 ODM Wistron [http://itgen.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/installing-arch-linux-on-lenovo.html X200s] and x200t tablet model without [http://fsfe.soup.io/post/590865884/the-unconventionals-blog-English-Flashing-Libreboot-on Risky flash of the Libreboot BIOS] || <!--Chipset-->GM45 GS45 with slow Celeron, SU or faster SL Core 2 Duos CPUs || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe||Intel GMA 4500 MHD 2D but slow software 3D tunnel 10 gearbox 8 tests}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel HD Audio with Conexant CX20561 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{{Yes|USB 2.0 USB SD card reads and writes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82567LM Gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel Pro 5100 5150 5300 5350 AGN due to whitelist prevention bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0.1 || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit 12.1" CCFL (webcam version) or LED backlit (no webcam). no support for 54mm express cards or Authentec 2810 fingerprint reader - thinkpoint only no trackpad - thinklight - |- | <!--Name-->Lenovo T410 T410s T410si || <!--Chipset-->qm57 with i5 m || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use vesa Intel 5700MHD (Ironlake) core processor igp with optional Nvidia Quadro NVS 3100M}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio Conexant CX20585 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82577lm gigabit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel n 6200 or Atheros AR9280 AR5BHB92 half size minipcie bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2 xmas || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit battery life much lower with Nvidia graphics version - no support firewire ricoh r5c832 - ricoh sd card - series 5 3400 |- | <!--Name-->X201 X201s x201t || <!--Chipset-->QM57 Core i3 370m, i5 M520 2.4GHz or i7 620LM 2.0GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|vesa 2d on Intel GMA HD}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel HD with [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=94.0 Conexant 20585] codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2010 X201 arrandale power consumption limits battery life to 3-4 hours for 48Whr though to 6 on 72Whr - 12.5" WXGA |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Ideapad B470, B570, V370, V470, V570 || <!--Chipset-->Intel® Core™ i5 i5-2430M, i5-2450M, || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d for Intel || <!--Audio-->HDaudio 0x8086, 0x1c20 with codec || <!--USB-->USB3 || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|whitelisted}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p - |- | <!--Name-->T420 type 4180 4236, t420s , T520 4239 L520 || <!--Chipset-->i5 2540, 2520 or i7 2860QM 2620 has sse4.1 avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS but not AHCI}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 136 x 768 - Intel HD 3000 with optional NVS 4200M Nvidia optimus or Radeon HD 565v }} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio playback ear phones only with Conexant CX20672 codec - AHI 6.27}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO 1000 82579LM}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 1x1, Intel Ultimate-N 6205 6250 2x2 6300 3x3 all bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2.2 add noacpi to grub boot options || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - screen 1600x900 or 1366x768 - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots max 16gb - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad W520 || <!--Chipset--> has sse4.1 avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Intel HD 3000 with nvidia quadro 1000m 2000m optimus issues with Nvidia Intel hybrids}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel Hd with CX 20585 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel 82579 Lm}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6000s}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - 15.6" TFT display with 1366x768 (HD), 1600x900 (HD+) or 1920x1080 (FHD) resolution with LED backlight |- | <!--Name-->X220 x220t || <!--Chipset-->QM67 express, dual i5 2520M or i7 dual 2620M sse4.1 avx support || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE in BIOS but not AHCI}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D 1024 x 768 for Intel HD Graphics 3000}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Intel HD playback with Conexant 20672 codec ear phones and speaker - AHI 6.27 6.34}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel 82579LM}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 Wi-Fi bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3, Aros One USB 1.6 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit possible - uses slimmer 7 mm storage sata devices - NEC USB 3.0 on i7's - unwanted trackpad gestures when palms rests on it - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots - external battery - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X120e, x121e Quanta FL8A DAFL8AMB8D0 Rev D || <!--Chipset-->Hudson M1 with slow AMD E350 has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA ATI 0x9802}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ATI SBx00 Azalia HD Audio}} || <!--USB-->USB 2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->RTL8169 RTL8111 || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Broadcom 0x0576 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit 11.6 inch screen - 1 inch think - chiclet keyboard |- | <!--Name-->Ideapad S205 G575 G585, Edge 11 E325 || <!--Chipset-->Slow E-350 later E-450 with A75 or AMD Athlon II Neo has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA HD6310}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - removeable and plug in battery - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - |- | <!--Name-->Ideapad S206 || <!--Chipset-->AMD E300 1.3GHZ Dual has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with CX20672 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|3.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom 10/100 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6" and integrated battery - Conexant® |- | <!--Name-->Lenovo x130e or x131e edu || <!--Chipset-->Slow AMD E-300 or E-450 has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon HD 6310 or 6320 }} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio Realtek ALC269VC / ALC3202 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|USB 30 and USB 20}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek RTL8111 RTL8168B}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8188CE or Broadcom BCM43228 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - rubber edged bumper for K12 education market - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad Edge E135 E335 || <!--Chipset-->amd dual E-300, E2-1800 or E2-2000 slow atom like A68M FCH has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|SATA 3.0Gb/s 2.5" wide 7mm high}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA radeon 6310 or 7340 vga or hdmi}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3202 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|2 usb3, 1 powered usb2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 8111f}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek WLAN whitelist bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6 inch to 13.3in 1366x768 - Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) plastic case - external battery - 20v 65w lenovo barrel ac - 2 ddr3 sodimm 8Gb max - |- | <!--Name-->ThinkPad Edge E525 E535 LENOVO IDEAPAD Z575 || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-3420M A8-3500M later A8-4500M has no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD 6620G later 7640G}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with Conexant codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|USB2 but not usb3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 matt - 65W 20v lenovo round psu - thick desktop replacement - ThinkPad Edge E520 E520S E525 E530 E545 E535 E530C Laptop Keyboard swap - |- | <!--Name-->T430 t430i T530 || <!--Chipset-->ivy bridge i5 3320 3230m on Intel QM77 has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 1366 x 768 for Intel HD 4000 with optional Nvidia 5400M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD with Realtek ALC3202 aka ALC269VC codec playback ear head phones - HDA 6.27}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2 ports and usb2.0 devices thru usb 3.0 ports}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel e1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Intel or Atheros AR9285 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit fan noise and chiclet keyboard, synaptics trackpad - HD+ 768p - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X230 x230t || <!--Chipset-->Intel QM67 express i5 has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD with ALC269 aka ALC3202}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|I}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - 12.2 in 1366 x 768 - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots - external battery - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad T440 t440s t440p T540 L440 L540 || <!--Chipset-->intel haswell 8 series Core i3 to i7 has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA - Intel 4600 or Nvidia}} || <!--Audio-->Intel HD with Realtek ALC3232 alc269 codec or ALC292 || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel AC 7260 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 14 and 15" models with glitchy trackpad and no physical buttons - keyboard repair not easy as well as 4 variants of key caps - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkpad X240 x240t ultrabook TN (20AL0081GE), HD IPS display without touch (20AL007NGE) and touch (20AL0076GE) but all 65% sRGB || <!--Chipset-->haswell i7-4600U i5 4200U 4210U 4300U i3-4100U - two batteries, one internal 3cell 45N1110 (45N1111) or 45N1112 (FRU 45N1113) and external 3 / 6cell 45N1126 (FRU 45N1127) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in 7mm sata (torq t7), m.2 2242 in WWAN slot (m and b key NGFF Sata) || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for Intel 4400 for vga or mini-dp}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0x0a0c 0x8086, 0x9c20 with Realtek ALC3232 aka ALC292 0x10ec, 0x0292}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel® 82577LM Gigabit (Hanksville) }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Intel 7260n I218-V or I218-LM bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 12.2in 1366 x 768 or 1080p - 1 ddr3l sodimm slot - no keyboard spill drainage and at least 2 variants of key caps - lenovo rectangle pwr ac - TPM 1.2 - Bluetooth 4.0 no support - bottom panel with 8 retained screws - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - |- | <!--Name-->ThinkPad Edge E545 * key cap swap with E440 E531 E540 L440 L450 T431S T440S T440P T540 * Keyboard swap L540 T540p W540 Edge E531 E540 W541 T550 W550S L560 P50S T560 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Socket FS1r2 A6-5350M (2c2t) or A8-4500M, A8-5550M, A10-5750M (4c4t) with A76M FCH has sse4.1 and avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in 9.5mm - enter UEFI bios with Enter or ESC, config section, sata into compatibility and security, secure boot disabled - mini sata DVD burner PLSD DS8A9SH || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G ?? Islands}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|VOID for HDAudio 6.34 0x1022, 0x780d with Conexant CX20590 Analog 0x14f1, 0x506e CX20671 codec 0x14f1, 0x5069 or audio over Trinity HDMI}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|boots pen drives from yellow usb port but not from blue USB3 ones, issues with AMD usb3 hardware quirks}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 1GbE 8111F}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM43142 bios locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.3 USB works with noacpi added to end of grub2 boot line but not booting on AROS One 64bit 1.1 via usb2 stick or iso burnt to dvd || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 matt - 20v 65w 90w round lenovo plug psu - 2 DDR3 SODIMM slots 16GB Max - external 6 Cell Li-Ion Battery 48Wh l11s6y01 45n1043 - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery in wifi area jp1202 - amd v(tm) virtualization not working - |- |<!--Name-->AMD platform codes *Beema: ABM, *Carizzo-L: ACL, *Carizzo: ACZ, *Godavari: AGR, *Kaveri: AKV, *Stoney Ridge: ASR, *Stoney Ridge: AST (NB), || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> *Summit Ridge: ASU, *Bristol Ridge-L: ABL, *Bristol Ridge: ABR, *Raven Ridge: ARR, *Picasso: API |- | <!--Name-->[https://www.laptop-schematics.com/db/78/V%20series%20laptops%20(Lenovo)/ V110-14AST (14in) V110-15AST, V110-14ISK V110-15ISK 80TL (15")], || <!--Chipset-->AMD E1-9000, A6-9210 to A9-9410 all dual core and intel 6006u, 6100u, 6200u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 2.5in sata most 7mm some 9.5mm || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R2, R3, R5 or R6 or Intel Gfx}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 14in to 15.6in mostly 768p 220 nits - 20v 45W or 65W lenovo slim rectangle end ac - keyboard swap hard - integrated 24WHr battery - 4gb ddr4 ram soldered and 1 2133Mhz ddr4 slot max 12Gb - abs plastic - |- |<!--Name--> *ThinkPad A275 12in (1 ddr4 1866MHz sodimm) *Thinkpad A475 14in (2 ddr4 1866MHz sodimm) - both internal (main) and external (secondary) battery || <!--Chipset-->A10-8730B A10-9700B 2.500Ghz later A12-8830B A12-9800B all 4c4t (AVX2 on 9000s) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|7mm 2.5in sata with mbr and not gpt, setup in another machine - secure boot disabled, bios startup boot set to legacy then uefi - WWAN slot cannot use M.2 2242 sata with M and B key}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R5 or R7}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 6.34 ahi 0x1022, 0x157a with ALC3268 aka ALC298 codec 0x10ec, 0x0298 - VOID even with QUERY / QUERYD added}} || <!--USB-->{{no|USB3 error on boot suspect AMD usb3 quirk}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8111EPV}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE WLAN whitelist locked cannot swap}} || <!--Test Distro-->{{maybe|AROSOne USB 32bit 1.8 with noacpi noapic noioapic added to grub2 boot line but Aros One 64bit 1.2 USB has krnPanic }} || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit 12 or 14in 768p - 45W or 65w lenovo rectangle ac adapter - F1 enter bios and F12 boot order - 6 retained screws and snap on base - 2100 error message no solution except using only efi/gpt bios option - |- |<!--Name-->320S-15AST, 320S-15ABR, ideapad Slim 1-11AST-05 81VR || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9220e, AMD A6-9225, A9-9425, A10-9600P 7th Gen || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe| Vesa 2D for AMD}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6" 768p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - keyboard swap problematic - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo Ideapad S145-14AST S145-15AST 81N3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9225, A9-9425, A10-9600P 7th Gen, AMD A12-9720P Mobo 5B20P11110 NMB341 Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon 8670A 8670M 8690M GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6" 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo Ideapad V145-14AST V145-15AST, 81mt, Ideapad 310, Ideapad 320-15ABR, Ideapad 330-14AST 330-15AST 330-17AST || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-9225, A9-9425 (2c2t), A10-9600P 7th Gen, AMD A12-9720P Mobo 5B20P11110 NMB341 Bristol Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|sata 2.5in with optional dvd}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Radeon 8670A 8670M 8690M GCN 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3240-va3-cg aka ALC236? codec 0x10de, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 8106E 10/100 only}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2017 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6" 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 45w 65w slim ac adapter - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo V330-14ARR 81B1, V330-15ARR 81, 330-14ARR 81 330-15ARR 81D2 - battery internal about 30whr || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen R3 2200U, 2300U or R5 2500U Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->M.2 nvme/sata, optional 2.5in sata but no dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 3, 6 or 8 up to 1Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio 0x1002, 0x15de with Realtek® ALC5682I-VD codec 0x10de, 0x or coxenant CX11802 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14" 768p 20mm thick 1.8kg - 20v 2.25a 45w ac round barrel - chiclet keyboard - 4Gb soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm - TPM 2.0 in bios - 4GB soldered - |- |<!--Name-->Ideapad 330s-14ARR, 330s-15ARR, ideapad 330S-14IKB, 330S-15IKB, - battery internal about 30whr || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen R3 2200U, 2300U or R5 2500U Raven Ridge || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|nvme}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD or Intel 610, 620 up to 1Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14" 20mm thick 1.8kg - 20v 2.25a 45w ac round barrel - chiclet keyboard - 4Gb soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm - TPM 2.0 in bios - 4GB soldered - |- |<!--Name-->Thinkpad Edge E485 E585 - internal battery only || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen R3 2300U R5 2500U R7 2700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|m.2 nvme optional 1 2.5in sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Vega 3, 8 or 10}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with CX11852 codec }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p or 1080p - USB-C 20V 2.25A 3.25A avoid knocking charging port as damages easily - 2 ddr4 sodimm slot max 2400Mhz 32GB - TPM 2.0 software - |- |<!--Name-->Thinkpad A285 - internal and external battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen PRO 3 2200U 5 2500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|m.2 nvme/sata}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec aka ALC257 }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Mini-Ethernet/Docking}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm - WLAN whitelist no more??}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 12.5in 1080p - avoid usb-c port being lifted/moved whilst in use as damages laptop easily - soldered ram 8gb or 16gb - WWAN whitelist - keyboard swap problematic - |- |<!--Name-->Thinkpad A485 bios setting [https://github.com/PSPReverse/PSPTool AMD PSP Platform Security Processor Key] - internal and external battery || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen PRO 5 2500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata port and m.2 nvme port || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec aka ALC 257 }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUL}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi - WLAN whitelist no more??}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 14in 768p, 1080p or 1440p - avoid usb-c port being lifted/moved whilst in use as damages laptop easily - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 32gb - WWAN whitelist - keyboard swap problematic - |- |<!--Name-->[https://www.diy-laptoprepair.com/forum/fix-Lenovo-V155-15-repair-guide-schematics.php Lenovo v155-15api 81V5] V155 (15" AMD) budget all plastic build - MS new protocol, HID over I2C so [https://askubuntu.com/questions/1033033/elantech-touchpad-does-not-work-i2c-hid i2c] [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/drivers/input/mouse/elantech.c?h=v6.17 i2c] [https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.16/input/devices/elantech.html PS2 hybrid trackpad] [https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/sys/dev/atkbdc/psm.c?h=releng/14.3 elantech] [https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/sys/dev/pckbc/?only_with_tag=OPENBSD_7_8_BASE i2c-hid] 04F3:3140 touchpad not working - internal sunwoda battery L18D3PF1, L18L3PF1, L18C3PF2 35Whr most dead after 5 years || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' Ryzen 5 3500U and Ryzen 3 3200U - '''untested''' AMD Athlon 300U with bios winbond 25q64fwsiq soic 1.8v bios near nvme || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 M.2 nvme and usually 2.5in 7mm sata - install on mbr not gpt 2.5in in another compatible machine - mini sata dvd/cd da-8aesh11b will boot cd or dvd aros || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D to 1080p work for Vega 3 or 8 with up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken but hdmi 1.4b no output}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio add 0x1022, 0x15E3 with ALC3287 aka Realtek ALC257 codec 0x10ec, 0x0257 with 32bit on external speaker and most of the time works on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|2 USB3.0, on left hand side, detected but no usb-c ports}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS works well with 32bit and 64bit}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Intel wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 AROS One 2.8 DVD 32bit and AROS One x64 1.1 and 1.2 iso DVD burnt || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p 200nits tn panel - 4Gb ddr4 2400MHz soldered with 1 dimm slot max 20Gb - round ac 20V 65W psu 4.0mm x 1.7mm - Fn+F2 to enter bios and F12 boot order - no sd card slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - |- |<!--Name-->V15-ADA 82C700E4UK- elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD r5 3500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 with up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with R155189 ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 3500U with Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - noisy fan - |- |<!--Name-->V15-ADA 82C7 - elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U, 3250U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD + 1x M.2 SSD NVme near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 with up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with RTS5119 R155119 ALC230 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3.0, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 Aros One 32bit 2.8 and 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - for this mbd bios ram disable doesn't work - noisy fan - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo V14-ADA 82C6, - elan touchpad not working - if blank black display, bios bug going from uefi->legacy so reset bios rhs push in with pin, then Down, ent, Right x3, ent, up, ent, right, ent x2 - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' 3250U - '''untested''' AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U - for this mbd GV451&GV551 NM-D151 bios ram disable doesn't work || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD if cbl + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3 up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with Realtek ALC3223 RTS5119 R185199 aka ALC230 codec 0x10ec, 0x0230 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 AMD 3250U with Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - F2 bios F12 select - |- |<!--Name-->IdeaPad 1 14ADA5 (low spec cpus) ideaPad 3 14ADA05, IdeaPad 3 15ADA05 81W100QVUK, IdeaPad 3 17ADA05 - elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U, 3250U, Ryzen 5 3500U on mobo NM-C821 REV 0.2 1.0 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1x 2.5" HDD if cbl + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with ALC230 codec 0x10ec, 0x0230 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->2025 Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - F2 bios F12 boot select - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo IdeaPad L340-15API 81LW001CUS L340-17API - elan trackpad not functioning - internal battery L18M3PF2 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon 300U, Ryzen 3 3200U r5 3500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 M.2 nvme and usually 2.5in sata if ribbon cable present - mini sata dvd/cd da-8aesh11b || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3 or 8 with up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken - hdmi 1.4b}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio add 0x1022, 0x15E3 with Realtek ALC236 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 not detected}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek or Intel wifi}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.8 USB - install on mbr not gpt 2.5in in another compatible machine || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p 200nits - 4Gb ddr4 2400MHz soldered with 1 dimm slot max 20Gb - round ac 20V 65W psu 4.0mm x 1.7mm - Return or F1 to enter bios and F12 boot order - no sd card slot - |- |<!--Name-->[https://www.laptop-schematics.com/db/78/T%20series%20laptops%20(ThinkPad)/ ThinkPad T295 T495] || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 3300U, R5 Pro 3500U or R7 3700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe up to 2280 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 6, 8 or 10 up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111EPV}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE or Intel AC 9260}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 14in 768p but mostly FHD 1080p 250 nits - internal battery - ram 8gb or 16gb 2400Mhz soldered with 1 ddr4 slot on T495 only - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging avoid knock whilst in use - keyboard swap problematic - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad T495s (14in) X395 (13in) || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 3300U, R5 Pro 3500U or R7 3700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe up to 2280 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA Vega 6, 8 or 10 up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{unk| needs Lenovo ThinkPad Ethernet Adapter Gen 2 SC10P42352 or SC10P42354}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE or Intel AC 9260 wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 13in or 14in 768p but mostly FHD 1080p 250 nits - internal battery - ram 8gb or 16gb 2400Mhz soldered - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging avoid knock whilst in use - keyboard swap problematic - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 Gen2, E15 Gen 2 (AMD) 20T8, - lenovo has a mobile phone PC Diagnostic App for error/beep codes || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, 5 4500U, 7 4700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2 m.2 nvme, 1 2242 and 1 2280 || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 15.6in 1080p 220 nits - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging of internal 45Whr battery - 4gb ddr4 3200Mhz soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm slot max 20Gb - keyboard swap problematic - plastic bendy case - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkPad T14 Gen 1, ThinkPad P14s Gen 1 (AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300u, 5 4500U, Ryzen 5 Pro 4650U, Ryzen 7 Pro 4750U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Vega }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - USB-C charging avoid moving whilst in use - 14" or 15" 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 8gb or 16gb 3200MHz soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - sd card slot - |- |<!--Name-->Thinkpad L14 Gen 1, L15 Gen 1, || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 4300u, 5 4500U, Ryzen 5 Pro 4650U, Ryzen 7 Pro 4750U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Vega }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - USB-C charger avoid moving whilst in use - 14" or 15" 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 8gb or 16gb 3200MHz soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - sd card slot - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Gen1 AMD, || <!--Chipset-->AMD RYZEN 3 4450U, 5 4650U or 7 4750U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->One drive, up to 512GB M.2 2242 SSD or 1TB M.2 2280 SSD NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| but USB-C ports can fail}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Realtek RTL8111EPV, mini RJ-45 to RJ-45 via optional ThinkPad Ethernet Extension Adapter Gen 2}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek Wi-Fi 6 RTL8852AE}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 13.3" HD 1366x768 to 1080p - USB-C port care needed as damages easily - Memory soldered to systemboard, no slots, dual-channel DDR4-3200 - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkBook 14 G2, 15 G2 Are || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 4500u, 7 4700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->14in has 2 m.2 nvme but 15in has 1 nvme and might have 2.5in sata metal caddy if smaller battery version || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC???? codec 0x10EC, 0x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit - 14in or 15in 1080p - usb-c charging but high failure rate on the charging port - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot 3200mhz - hinge(s) issues - |- |<!--Name-->IdeaPad 5 14ARE05 (81YM), Ideapad 5 15ARE05 (), IdeaPad 3 17ARE05 (model 81W5) - elan touchpad MSFT0004:00 06CB:CD98 not working || <!--Chipset-->'''tested''' 4500u - '''untested''' AMD 3 4300U (4c4t), 4600U (6c12t), 7 4700u (8c16t) on AMD Promontory Bixby FCH || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{no|1x M.2 2242 slot and 1x M.2 2280 NVMe which will take sata m.2 will boot to grub then laptop reset after choice}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 6 via hdmi output up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio 6.36 0x1637 0x15e3 with Realtek ALC3287 aka ALC257 codec 0x10ec 0x0257}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 or 3.2 gen 1}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel ax200 wifi 6}} || <!--Test Distro-->4500u with AROS One 64bit 1.2 usb installed to m.2 sata on another machine || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit 14inch 768p or 1080p - round lenovo ac - 4gb, 8gb, or 16gb ddr4 3200Mhz ram soldered with 1 slot - keyboard swap problematic - integrated battery - |- |<!--Name-->Ideapad Flex 5 81X2, Lenovo Yoga 6 13ALC6 || <!--Chipset-->AMD R5 4500u, R7 4800U, R3 5300 R5 5500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->M.2 NVMe ssd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA AMD Vega up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with ALC? codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3.1 gen 1}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|realtek ac wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit abs plastic case 14in convertible 1080p touch low nits - 65w usb-c psu ac - possible wacom esr note taking pen supplied - ram soldered DDR4 - keyboard swap problematic - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 2, P14s Gen 2 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 5850U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3287-CG codec 0x10EC, 0x0}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 - usb-c power 90% failure rate on the charging port - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo ThinkBook 14 G3, 15 G3 ACL, || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 5500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 14in or 15in 1080p - usb-c charging powered - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 G3, E15 Gen 3 (AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 5300U 5500U 5650U 5700U 5800U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->up to 2 m.2 nvme || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|realtek or intel }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - - usb-c charging issues - keyboard swap problematic - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - plastic bendy case - |- |<!--Name-->V14 Gen 2 (82KA, 82KC) *ALO *ALC 82KD || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 5300U, 5 5500U, 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme 2280 and optional 2.5in sata after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 15.6" FHD 1080p - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 65w round ac adaptor - |- |<!--Name-->V15 G2 Gen2 (82KB, 82KD) *ALO *ALC 82KD || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 3 5300U, 5 5500U, 7 5700U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme 2280 and optional 2.5in sata after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H-CG}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 15.6" FHD 1080p - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 65w round ac adaptor - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad L15 Gen 2 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 5000 series AMD Ryzen 3 5400U (4c8t), 5 5600U, 5 5650U (6c12t), 7 PRO 5850U (8c16t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p - usb-c charging - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 Gen 4, E15 Gen 4 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 3 5425u, 5 5625U, 7 5825u || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 (14") or 2 (15") nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - usb-c charging - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - L19M3PDA 45Whr battery - U24 TPS65994 and QB6 QB5 mosfet issues - plastic bendy case - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 3 Machine types MT 21AH 21AJ 21CF and 21CG, P14s Gen 3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6850U || <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d || <!--Audio-->{{unk| ALC3287-VA2-CG codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 14in |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14s Gen 3 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6500U || <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d || <!--Audio-->{{unk| ALC3287-VA2-CG codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Ethernet support via optional Lenovo® USB-C® to Ethernet Adapter}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 14in |- |<!--Name-->V14 G3, V15 G3 Gen3 ALC || <!--Chipset-->Ryzen 5 6500U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme and optional 2.5in sata if smaller 38Wh battery and after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15"FHD - battery BYD L20B2PFO - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad L15 Gen 3 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 6000 series || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo Yoga 7 14ARB7 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 5, 6600U, 7 6800U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD 660M or 680M || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with ALC3306 aka alc287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 14in 1800p ips 300 nits - usb-c ac charging 71whr integrated battery - sd card slot - digital pen input - 8gb, 6gb or 32gb soldered ddr5 ram - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 4, P14s Gen 4 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen Pro 5 7540U, Ryzen Pro 7 7840U (AI NPU) || <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD 740M 780M|| <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 14in 1920x1200 - 8gb, 16gb or 32gb lpddr5 soldered - usb-c charging - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad E14 g5, E15 Gen 5 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 7000 series Ryzen 5-7530U, 7-7730U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p - |- |<!--Name-->Thinkbook 14 G6 ABP IRL, ThinkBook 16 G6ABP (21KK001CUK) || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 7530U 7730U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->m.2 nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 untested}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 14in 1200p or 1440p - 100W USB-C AC power adapter - |- |<!--Name-->IdeaPad Slim 5 Light 14ABR8 Laptop || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 3 7330U (4c8t) 5 7530U (6c12t) 7 7730U (8c16t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2 m.2 nvme slot - 1 2242, 1 2280 || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 14in 1080p - 8Gb or 16Gb soldered ram - usb-c charging only - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad X13 Gen 4 (13" AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 7480U 7040U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 - avoid usb-c port damage - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad L14 (Gen4), L15 Gen 4 (15" AMD) || <!--Chipset-->MD Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U, 7480U 7040U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|VESA}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - elan trackpad - |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo Gen 4 V14 (82YT, 82YV, 83A0, 83A1, 83CC, 83FR, 82YX, 83FG), V15 (82YU, 82YW, 83FS, 82YY, 83CR), V17 (83A2), || <!--Chipset-->AMD AMD Athlon™ Gold 7220U (2c4t), AMD Athlon™ Silver 7120U (2c2t), AMD Ryzen™ 3 7320U (4c8t), AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U (4c8t) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme and 2.5in sata if smaller 38Wh battery, no dvd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d for AMD 610M HDMI® and USB-C}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Gigabit Ethernet, 1x RJ-45}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|wifi 6}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit - 15.6" FHD 1080p - 8 or 16Gb soldered - 65W round tip (3-pin) AC adapter or USB-C - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad e14 G6, e15 Gen 6 (15″, AMD) || <!--Chipset-->AMD 7000 series AMD Ryzen™ 7 7735HS || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad L16 (16" AMD), || <!--Chipset-->AMD 8000 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->nvme || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2D || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB4}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad T14 Gen 5, P14s Gen 5 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 8840U, AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8540U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVME || <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d || <!--Audio-->{{unk| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - 14inch 1920 x 1200 - |- |<!--Name--> Lenovo WinBook 300e SKU: 82GKS00000 || <!--Chipset-->AMD 3015E || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2023 64bit 4GB 64GB SSD 11.6 Inch Touchscreen Windows 10 Pro Laptop |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- |<!--Name-->Lenovo Yoga Slim 7a || <!--Chipset-->AMD Ryzen AI 7350 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->1 nvme || <!--Gfx-->AMD 860M || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDaudio with ALC3306 aka alc287 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| wifi}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - 14in 1800p ips 300 nits - usb-c ac charging 71whr integrated battery - sd card slot - digital pen input - 8gb, 6gb or 32gb soldered ddr5 ram - |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |<!--Name-->ThinkPad || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Samsung==== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="2%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->NP-Q1 Q1 || <!--Chipset-->Celeron-M 353 ULV 600Mhz || <!--IDE-->{{Yes|1.8" SFF HDD 20 / 60 GB }} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 915 2D and 3D opengl1 tunnel 95 gearbox 68}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec - head phones only}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}} || <!--Wireless-->{{Yes|Atheros 5006EX}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit old style tablet UltraMobile PC UMPC - Wacom serial resistive pen or finger no support - 1 sodimm ddr2 max 1Gb - LCD 7" WVGA (800 x 480) - CompactFlash port Type II - |- | <!--Name-->NP Q1U Ultra Mobile PC UMPC Q1F NP-Q1-F000 || <!--Chipset-->Intel A100 600 / A110 Stealey 800 MHz CPU || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|GMA 950 2D and 3D opengl1}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio 1986}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Atheros 5006EX}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit 1024×600 - sd card slot - |- | <!--Name-->NP P500 family P500Y || <!--Chipset-->AMD with SB600 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA Ati x1250}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| Audio with codec }} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8039 yukon}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|Atheros G}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->64bit possible - 15.4 tft display - cheap plastic okay build - 19v propriety end - |- | <!--Name-->R505 R510 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros G || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->R520 R522 R610H R620 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Mobile Core i3 Intel PM45 82801M ICH9-M|| <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4650 (RV730) || <!--Audio-->Intel HD Audio with Realtek ALC272 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Marvell Yukon 88E8057 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR5007EG || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2010 64 bit possible |- | NP-R530 || || {{N/A}} || {{partial|IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{partial|HD Audio playback}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{no|Marvell}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || Icaros 1.5.2 || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Samsung R730 17.3 Essential Notebook NP-R730-JA02UK, NP-R730-JA01SE, R730-JT06 || <!--Chipset-->Intel HM55 Dual Core T4300 i3-370M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA for Intel 4500MHD and GeForce G 310M with 1 VGA, 1 HDMI}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio ALC??? codec Realtek}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell Yukon 88E8059 PCI-E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Broadcom, Intel or Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods ISO 2023-11 || <!--Comments-->2010 64bit - 17.3in HD 1280 x 720 pixels low contrast or some 1600x900 - 2 DDR3 sodimm slots - 2.84 kg 6.26 lbs - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Samsung-305U1A-A01DE-Subnotebook.68246.0.html Series 3 Samsung 305u1a] || <!--Chipset-->AMD Zacate E350 or E450 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon 6320 || <!--Audio-->ALC ACL 269 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111 8169 || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom 4313 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit |- | <!--Name-->NP-RV415 NP-RV515 || <!--Chipset-->E350 or E450 plus A50M chipset || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon HD 6470 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|RTL8169 Realtek RTL8111 8168B}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit slow - |- | <!--Name-->Series 5 NP535U3C || <!--Chipset-->A6-4455M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in || <!--Gfx-->radeon || <!--Audio-->HDAudio || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit slow - 13.3in 1368 x 768 - plastic build - 65w 19v psu - |- | <!--Name-->series 3 NP355V5C || <!--Chipset-->A6-4400M, A8-4500M, A10-4600M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2.5in || <!--Gfx-->7640M || <!--Audio-->HDAudio || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit - 15.4in 1368 x 768 - plastic build - 65w 19v psu - |- | <!--Name-->Samsung ATIV Book 9 Lite NP905S3G || <!--Chipset-->AMD A6-1450 quad 1GHz Temash atom like || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->128gb || <!--Gfx-->AMD 8250 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek rtl8169 but only with mini LAN AA-AE2N12B Ethernet Adapter RJ45 dongle}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9565}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - 13.3 TN glossy 1366 x 768 200nits 60% srgb - plastic case - 26W battery built in with 4hr life - 19V 2.1A 3.0*1.0mm psu - 1 ddr3l slot max 4gb - 720p webcam - mini hdmi out - 1w speakers - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Toshiba==== [[#top|...to the top]] Order of Build Quality (Lowest to highest) <pre > Equium Satellite (Pro) Libretto Portege Tecra </pre > {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | Tecra 8100 8200 9000 || 440BX || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|S3 Savage MX 3D (VESA only)}} || {{no|Yamaha DS-XG ymf744 ymf-754}} || {{yes|USB1.1 only}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.5 || little support |- | <!--Name-->Tecra 9100 || <!--Chipset-->810 || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|S3 Savage IX}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|ymf754}} || <!--USB-->USB 1.1 || <!--Ethernet-->eeee pro100 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->PSU Adapter For Toshiba Tecra 9000 9100 A1 A10 A11 A3 A3X A4 A5 A7 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M7 M9 R10 S1 series 75 Watt 15V 5A |- | [http://tuxmobil.org/toshiba_sp4600.html Satellite Pro 4600] || i810 || IDE || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Trident Cyber Blade XP (VESA only)}} || {{no|YAMAHA DS-XG AC97 ymf754}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel e100}} || {{no|Agere (internal PCMCIA)}} || || little support |- | Satellite 2805 S603 || Intel 815 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|nVidia GeForce2 Go}} || {{no|Yamaha Corp YMF 754}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO/100}} || {{dunno}} || || little support |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Satellite A10 S167 S1291 - A15 A20 A25 || <!--Chipset-->P4M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GM or Radeon || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139 || <!--Wireless-->{{Maybe|Intel 2100, Agere or Atheros PA3399U 1MPC minipci}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->a few models came with antenna leads |- | Satellite [http://eu.computers.toshiba-europe.com/innovation/jsp/SUPPORTSECTION/discontinuedProductPage.do?service=EU&com.broadvision.session.new=Yes&PRODUCT_ID=76230 A30-714] || P4-M / 82845 i845 || {{yes|82801}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|RTL8139}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || nice laptop, drawbacks: heavy, really hot (P4-3.06 GHz!!) - A30 (EU) A33 (Australian) A35 (USA) - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite A40 A45 || <!--Chipset-->P4M or Celeron M with Intel 845 865 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || <!--Audio-->AC97 Realtek || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini pci || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - A40 S161 A40-S1611 A40-2701, A45-S120 A45-S1201 S130 S1301 S1501 - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite a50 A55 a60-s156 Equium A60 PSA67E A65 || <!--Chipset-->P4M or Celeron M with Intel 845 865 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || <!--Audio-->AC97 Realtek || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini-pci || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite A70 A75-S206 A80 A85-S107 || <!--Chipset-->P4M or Celeron-M with Intel 845 865 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || <!--Audio-->AC97 Realtek || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini-pci || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5.1 || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - |- | Toshiba Satellite Pro M30 || intel 855 || {{yes|boots with ATA=nodma option}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{yes|Intel PRO/100 VE}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.5 || nice laptop with some support |- | <!--Name-->Portege M300 - M200 tablet || <!--Chipset-->855GM with 1.2GHz Pentium M 753 || <!--IDE-->{{yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d only - tablet with nvidia 5200 go}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 STAC 9750}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->little support |- | <!--Name-->Tecra M2 M2-S || <!--Chipset-->Intel 855P Pentium-M || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->nvidia fx go5200 32mb or 64mb agp || <!--Audio-->AC97 1981B || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Intel Pro || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - PSU 15V 5A - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Satellite Pro L20 267 (PSL2YE PSL2XE) PSL25E L30 || <!--Chipset-->Celeron M 370 1.4 1.5GHz, 1.73Ghz with RC410M SB400 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA - Ati x200}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|[https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-490297-start-0.html ALC861]}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Boots usb sticks}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8139 Realtek 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros mini-pci should work maybe not working with ATi chipset or need to swap??}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit 14" pioneer dvd-rw - 19v |- | <!--Name-->Satellite L30 PSL30E L33 PSL33E || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 800 or ATi RC410 x200 || <!--Audio-->AC97 AD1981B or HD Audio ALC861 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros or Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->L30 PSL30L 101 PSL33E 113 115 134 00M019 - |- | Satellite Pro M40 313 psm44e || AMD with Ati || {{yes|boots with ATA=nodma}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{yes|}} || {{maybe|atheros askey ar5bmb5 mini pci}} || || 2005 32bit - nice laptop with some support |- | <!--Name-->Satellite L40 PSL40E PSL40L, PSL43E || <!--Chipset-->945GM with U7700 1.3GHz ULV || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 945 || <!--Audio-->{{No|Intel HD with AD1986A codec}} || <!--USB-->2 USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR24xx Askey || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0.3 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit only - - 12X 13G 139 14B 143 15J 19O - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite L45 PSL40U S7409 S2416 || <!--Chipset-->945GM with Celeron M 440 1.86 GHz || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 945 || <!--Audio-->{{No|Intel HD with AD1986A codec}} || <!--USB-->2 USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR24xx Askey || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.0.3 || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit only - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite Pro A100 || <!--Chipset-->940G || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia G72M Quadro NVS 110M GeForce Go 7300 / Ati (PSAA3E)|| <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC861 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 100 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 swap with atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Satellite A110 159 (PSAB0), Equium A110 (PSAB2E), Satellite A110 233 (PSAB6), || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->ALC861 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8136 || <!--Wireless-->Atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Satellite Pro A120 PSAC0 PSAC1 PSAC1E || <!--Chipset-->Core Solo GMA 950 to T2300 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 945 || <!--Audio-->ALC262 or AC97 AD1981B || <!--USB-->UHCI EHCI || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Atheros Ar5001 or Intel or Broadcom || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->15V 4A charger - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite Pro A120 || <!--Chipset-->Core Duo ATi RS480 + SB450 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA - ATI RC410 Radeon Xpress 200M || <!--Audio-->ALC262 || <!--USB-->OCHI UHCI || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139 || <!--Wireless-->Intel 3945 or Atheros Ar5001 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->15v 5a proprietary charger needed |- | <!--Name-->Satelite A130 PSAD6U || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8101E || <!--Wireless-->Atheros or Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->ST1311 s1311 ST1312 S2276 S2386 - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite A135 S2686 (Compal LA 3391P) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8101E || <!--Wireless-->Atheros or Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->S2246 S2346 S2256 S4477 S4666 S4827 - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite A200 PSAE1E (Inventec MW10M) || <!--Chipset-->Pentium M with 945GM Express Celeron M 520 1.6Ghz or Pentium® Core Duo T2130 1.86 GHz || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}|| <!--SATA--> {{Maybe|SATA}}|| <!--Gfx--> {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D)}}|| <!--Audio--> {{Yes|HD Audio ALC862}}|| <!--USB--> {{Yes| }}|| <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|RTL8101E rtl8139}}|| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros 5000 - FN,F5 or FN,F8 or switch}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 AspireOS 1.8 || <!--Comments-->2006 Excellent 32 bit support! - make sure that your WLAN card is enabled, do this using the hardware switch and FN+F8 key combination |- | <!--Name--> A210, Satellite A215 AMD (Inventec 10A) S5808 || <!--Chipset--> Ati with SB690 || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}|| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|SATA}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA HD2600 Mobility M76}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC268 || <!--USB--> {{Yes| }}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8101E}}|| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros 5000}}|| <!--Test Distro-->2018 AspireOS 1.8 || <!--Comments-->A215-S7422 A215-S7472 A215-S4697 (USA) - |- | <!--Name--> [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=62036 A215 S4757] || <!--Chipset--> Ati X1200 with SB600 || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}}|| <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|SATA}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> {{Yes| }}|| <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8101E}}|| <!--Wireless--> {{yes|Atheros 5000}}|| <!--Test Distro-->2017 AspireOS 1.8 || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Qosmio G30 (PQG31C-HD202E) || <!--Chipset-->945 with Duo T2500 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Nouveau Nvidia Go 7600 2d and 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - 17" UXGA 1920x1200, |- | <!--Name-->Tecra A10 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> {{Maybe|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|Intel GMA 4500M (2D)}} || <!--Audio--> {{Yes|HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO 1000}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel WiFi Link 5100}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->64 bit possible |- | <!--Name-->L35 - L40 PSL48E - L45 S7423 || <!--Chipset-->GL960 with Intel Celeron || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|X3100 some 2D but software 3d tunnel 9 gearbox 4}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC660 codec playback}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|REALTEK 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Realtek 8187b replace with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->1,73Ghz M 520 or M 540 or Dual T2310 (1.46 GHz) T2330 (1.6 GHz) - 14H 14N 15B 17H 17K 17R 17S 18Z - |- | <!--Name-->Satellite a300 - inventec potomac 10s pt10s A300D 21H || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3650 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio - Realtek || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8102E || <!--Wireless-->Atheros 5005 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->satellite L300D-224 PSLC8E PSLC9E, l305 (inventec ps10s) || <!--Chipset-->AMD M780 with Turion RM70 or QL-64 || <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}} || <!--SATA--> {{yes|SATA}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|use VESA for Radeon 3100}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC268}} || <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet--> {{no|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Atheros G XB63L or Intel or Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> Icaros Desktop Live 2.3 AROS One 2.3 || <!--Comments--> Wireless-handler crashing when using Atheros-Wireless-Card |- | <!--Name-->Satellite P300 (PSPC0C-01D01C) || <!--Chipset-->945GM with Intel Core 2 Duo T5750 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Audio-->{{No| codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| swap with Atheros 5k }} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 64bit || <!--Comments-->2007 |- | <!--Name-->satellite l300-1bw PSLBDE-005005AR, L300-148 PSLB0E, l300-20D PSLB8E-06Q007EN, l300-294 L300-23L PSLB9E || <!--Chipset-->Intel GM45 + PGA478 socket Celeron 900, Pentium T1600, T2390, T3400 (Socket P) to Core2 Duo T6400 T6670 || <!--IDE--> {{unk|IDE}} || <!--SATA--> {{unk|SATA}} || <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|use VESA for Intel gma 4500M}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC???}} || <!--USB--> {{unk|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet--> {{unk|rtl8169 Realtek 810xE}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel or Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64-bit - new unfamiliar Bios called insyde H20 - |- | <!--Name-->satellite l350d || <!--Chipset-->AMD Athlon (tm) X2 QL-60 + RS780M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 3100 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->Realtek 8187b || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Satellite L450 12 13 14 || <!--Chipset-->AMD Sempron, 2.1GHz with AMD RS780M || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 3200 (based on HD 2400) || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E || <!--Wireless-->Realtek 8172 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 12X 13P 13X 14V PSLY6E00C006EN |- | <!--Name-->Satellite Pro L450 (Compal LA-5821P) 179 || <!--Chipset-->intel celeron 900 2.20 Ghz no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->intel 4500m || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL8101 /2 /6E PCI Express Gigabit || <!--Wireless-->RTL8191 SEvB || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 39.6cm (15.6”) Toshiba TruBrite® HD TFT 16:9 768p |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Toshiba Satellite P775, P775-S7320 and P775-10K || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5 (2nd Gen) 2430M i7-2630QM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2D for Intel}} || <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 17.3" - 1600 x 900 (HD+) - 2 DDR3 sodimm max 16Gb - |- |<!--Name-->Toshiba Satellite C660D-19X || <!--Chipset-->AMD E-300 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for ATi}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio with Realtek codec}} || <!--USB-->{{no| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|r8169 rtl8101e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek RTL8188 8192ce rtl8192ce}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->L755D (E-350) L750D (E-450) || <!--Chipset-->AMD E350 E450 no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 6310 6320 || <!--Audio-->HDAudio conexant codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->Realtek || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Satellite Pro SP C640 C660D-15X (PSC1YE) C670D- () || <!--Chipset-->AMD E350 no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->6310G || <!--Audio-->HD Realtek ALC259 || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek || <!--Wireless-->Broadcom || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- | <!--Name-->C70D-A C75D-A || <!--Chipset-->E1-1200 no sse4.1 or avx || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|AMD HD8330}} || <!--Audio-->{{no|HA Audio CX20751 11Z}} || <!--USB-->{{no| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8162 alx}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek 8188e}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- |} ====Misc==== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Time 500 Packard Bell EasyOne 1450 1550 || <!--Chipset-->K6-3 500Mhz + VIA MVP4 vt82c686a || <!--IDE-->{{N/A|Issues}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA || <!--Audio-->{{No|VIA AC97 3058 with wolfson codec WM9703 WM9704 WM9707 WM9708 or WM9717}} || <!--USB-->via 3038 2 ports USB 1.1 untested || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro-->NB May 2013 || <!--Comments-->2001 32bit grub runs but stalls around [PCI] Everything OK |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Sony Vaio PCG FX201/FX202 FX210/FX215 FX401/FX402 FX404/FX405 972M, FX501/FX502 FX504/FX505 || <!--Chipset-->VIA KT133A KM133 Duron 800Mhz Athlon 1.3Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{partial|boot issue with 2013 kernel VIA [rev 06]}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI Rage Mobility Pro (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|VIA AC97 686b [rev 50] AD1881A Ear phone and Mic}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|issues}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Comments-->Nightly 1st March 2013 || <!--Comments-->booting usb pendrive from Plop Boot Loader floppy (no bios USB boot). Can freeze coz hardware issue or a ram slot problem - no support for iLink firewire VT8363/8365 pci - vt82c686b |- | <!--Name-->Sony Vaio PCG FX601/FX602, FX604/FX605 FXA53(US), FX701/FX702, FX704/FX705, FX801/FX802 FX804/FX805 || <!--Chipset-->VIA KT133A KM133 Duron 800Mhz Athlon 1.3Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{partial|boot issue with 2013 kernel VIA [rev 06]}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{partial|ATI Rage Mobility Pro (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|VIA AC97 686b [rev 50] AD1881A Ear phone and Mic}} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|issues}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8139}} || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Comments-->Nightly 1st March 2013 || <!--Comments-->booting usb pendrive somes works |- | <!--Name-->Sony Vaio PCG FX100 R505LE || <!--Chipset-->Intel i815 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Use VESA Intel 82815 CGC || <!--Audio-->Intel ICH AC97 with ADI AD1881A codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel e100 || <!--Wireless-->{{N/A}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->PCG-FX105 FX105K PCG-FX108 FX108K PCG-FX109 FX109K FX200 FX203/FX203K FX205 FX205K FX209 FX209K FX220 [http://juljas.net/linux/vaiofx240/ FX240] FX250 FX270 FX290 FX301 FX302 FX340 FX370 FX390 FX403 FX503 FX950 |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | Sony VAIO VGN X505VP || Pentium M ULV and Intel 855GM || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Intel 855 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || {{N/A}} || || 2004 32bit - 0.38 inches at its thinnest point - first laptop to feature a "chiclet" keyboard resemble Chiclets gum - |- | <!--Name-->Sony Z505LE Z505JE || <!--Chipset-->P3 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA-->n/a || <!--Gfx-->Rage Mobility M1 AGP mach64 || <!--Audio-->no Yamaha DS-XG PCI YMF744 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Intel 8255x based PCI e100 || <!--Wireless-->n/a || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughbook CF-18 || <!--Chipset-->Core || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|gma for i915}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 SigmaTel}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|usb2 }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL 8139C}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel swap for atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->Deadwoods' D02 test || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughbook CF-29 CF-30 || <!--Chipset-->Core || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->use VESA || <!--Audio-->AC97 SigmaTel || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8139C || <!--Wireless-->Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2003 32bit |- | <!--Name-->MSI Microstar PR210 || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use VESA ATi RS690M}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio through speaker / head phones but not hdmi}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8111 8169}} || <!--Wireless-->Atheros AR242x AR542x aw-ge780 mini pci-e || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - ENE PCI based SD card with no bios boot option |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Advent 7106 EAA-88 || <!--Chipset-->Pentium M 1.7GHz with 915GM || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D and 3D tunnel 187 gearbox 67}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 Intel ICH6 with Conexant Cx20468 31 codec playback head phones only}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 2200BG Fn/F2 replaced with atheros mini pci in small base panel - startup errors in wireless manager}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.1 || <!--Comments-->2005 32bit 14" cheap rubbish sadly - fan noise through audio channel - |- | <!--Name-->Motion Computing LE1600 PC Slate || <!--Chipset-->915 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->915 || <!--Audio-->Intel AC97 SigmaTel STAC9758 9759 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8169 || <!--Wireless-->Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2005 serial Wacom digitiser not usb |- | <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughbook CF-51 CF-P1 CF-T5 CF-Y2 || <!--Chipset-->945GMS || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Broadcom || <!--Wireless-->Intel || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Sony Vaio VGN-AR11S || <!--Chipset-->ntel Core Duo T2500 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{yes| Nvidia Go 7600}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{no| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| }} || <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 32bit || <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - 17" 1920x1200 - blu-ray - |- | Sony Vaio VGN SR29VN || Intel ICH9 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy}} || {{partial|ATI HD 3400 (VESA only)}} || {{partial|HD Audio (too quiet)}} || {{yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} || {{no|Marvell 8040}} || {{no|Intel 5100}} || Icaros 1.5 || 2007 32bit - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Wyse XM Class DELL WYSE Xn0m LAPTOP || <!--Chipset-->AMD T-G56N 1.6 1.65Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA-->decased 2.5in ssd || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d only AMD 6320}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--USB-->{{Maybe|EHCI 2.0 with NEC uPD720200 USB 3.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek rtl8169 8111E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 93xx}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 1366 x 768 14" - 2 ddr3l slots max 16gb - 19v coax barrel plug psu - |- | <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK2 || <!--Chipset-->Core i5-3437U, 1.9GHz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->ToughPad FZ-G1 Mk3 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Core i5-4310U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel HD 4400 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio Codec ALC255 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2015 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->[https://wiki.recessim.com/view/Panasonic_Toughpad_FZ-G1_MK4 Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK4] || <!--Chipset-->intel 6300U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel 520 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC256 codec - o/c or s/c fails early || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 but options on the right hand side of screen case}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|intel ac 8260}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 10.1in 1600x1200 - 4gb ddr3l soldered - waterproof pen left hand side base - optional slot-in 4g lte and sdhc - 16v 4.06A 64.96W panasonic barrel - |- | <!--Name-->Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK5 || <!--Chipset-->intel i5-7300U || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel 620 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio ALC295 codec - o/c or s/c fails early || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 but optional usb2 plugin r.h.s. of screen casing}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 8gb ddr3l soldered - 10.1" WUXGA 1920 x 1200 with LED backlighting screen 2-800 nit - 10-point capacitive multi touch + Waterproof Digitizer pen l.h.s - |- | <!--Name-->ToughPad FZ-M1 || <!--Chipset-->Intel® Core TM m5-6Y57 vPro TM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->sata || <!--Gfx-->Intel HD 4200 || <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC codec || <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no| }} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 7in 800p - 8gb ddr3l soldered - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Any Razor Razer laptops || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->AVOID unable to remove secure boot |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ===Netbook=== [[#top|...to the top]] * PC to write Aros image onto an USB pendrive with Raspberry PI writer, USB writer or Rufus for boot purposes on a netbook * SD card sometimes can boot like Dell 2100, EeePC 1001P, ASUS EeePC 900, acer aspire one d150, MSI Wind U100, ====Acer Packard Bell Netbooks==== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width=100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | Aspire One AOA110 (A110) (ZG5) || Intel 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D and 3D) tunnel 99 and gearbox 84 score}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || {{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} || {{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8101E}} || {{Yes|AR5006}} atheros 5k || 2016 AspireOS 1.8, 2025 Aros One 2.6 32bit USB || 2007 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel A13-045N2A 19V2.37A 45W 5.5x1.7mm - |- | Aspire One AOA150 (A150) (ZG5) || Intel 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and accelerated 3D with tunnel 99 and gearbox 84.1 result}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || {{Yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8101E}} || {{Yes|AR5006}} atheros 5k || 2016 AspireOS 1.8, 2025 aros one 2.6 32bit USB || 2007 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel - |- | Aspire One AOD150 D150 (Compal LA-4781P), AOD110 D110 (ssd) || Intel 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide legacy}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HDAudio with alc272}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{No|Atheros AR8121 AR8113 AR8114 l1e}} || {{Maybe|AR5007EG AR5BXB63 works but Broadcom BCM4312 has no support}} || 2010 Icaros Desktop 1.3, 2024 Aros one 32bit USB || 2008 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel - |- | Aspire One (ZG8) || Intel 945G and N270 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and accelerated 3D}} || {{maybe|HD Audio }} || {{Yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{No|Broadcom }} || {{no|Intel}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.8 || 2009 32bit - |- | Aspire One AOD250 D250 emachines em250 || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide legacy}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{Yes|alc272 HD Audio}} || {{Yes}} || {{No|AR8132 (L1c)}} || {{No|BCM4312 or Atheros AR5B95}} || 2010 Icaros 1.3 || 2009 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire AO532H (Compal LA-5651p) 533H Pineview || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio playback}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|AR8132 (L1c)}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros 9k}} || [http://www.amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&order=0&item_id=5968 Tested AspireOS June 2011] || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->emachines eM350 NAV51 || <!--Chipset--> with N450 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel 3150 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.2 || <!--Comments-->Single core 64bit - 160GB HDD 1GB RAM 10.1" LED backlit screen and Webcam - 3 cell li-ion battery for 3 hours usage - |- | <!--Name-->emachines eM355 || <!--Chipset--> with N455 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->64bit support possible - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire One 533 || <!--Chipset-->N455 with NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D 0x8086 0xa011}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| ALC272 codec ich7}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8152 v1.1 1c}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom 4313}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 Icaros 2.1 and AROS One 2.3 || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - f2 setup - 10.1inch 1024 x 768 - |- | Aspire One AOD255 AOD255e AOD260 AOHAPPY (Compal LA-6221P) || N570 and Nm10 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|SATA}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 3150}} || Audio || USB || {{No|Atheros AR8152 V1.1 (1lc)}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313}} || || a little support |- | Aspire One 522 AO522 (Compal LA-7072p) || 1GHz dual C-50 C50 or C-60 C60 + Hudson M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || AMD 6250 (ATI 9804) or 6290 || ATI SB CX20584 HD Audio || USB || Atheros 8152 v2.0 l1c || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313 or Atheros ath9k}} || || |- | <!--Name-->AAOD270 Aspire One D270 || <!--Chipset-->N2600 Cedarview || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D on Intel GMA 3650}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8169 RTL8101E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4313 but swap for Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit atom - ddr2 so-dimm 2gb max - |- | <!--Name-->Aspire One AO532G (Compal LA-6091p) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Aspire One D257 (Quanta ZE6) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire One 722 AO722 P1VE6 || <!--Chipset-->AMD C-60 C60 with SB900 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| use VESA Ati 6290}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec but no Wrestler HDMI output}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros AR8152 v2.0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9485}} || <!--Test Distro-->2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Aspire One AO721 (Wistron SJV10-NL) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->AO751 AO751H (Quanta ZA3) || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot .S || <!--Chipset-->N280 + || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|legacy}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}}|| <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC272X || <!--USB--> USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Atheros l1e}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Atheros 9k}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot .SE || <!--Chipset-->N450 + || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA950 (2D) || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC|| <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot .S2 NAV50 || <!--Chipset-->N455 NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel X3150 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC269 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Atheros || <!--Wireless-->Atheros || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Packard Bell Dot M/A || <!--Chipset-->1.2GHz Athlon L110 + RS690E || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy mode? || <!--Gfx-->AMD ATI Radeon Xpress X1270 (VESA only) || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ATI SBx00 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E rtl8169 || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Asus Netbooks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 700 701 2G 4G 8G Surf || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 900 2D and 3D tunnel 68 gearbox 43 on 701 800x480}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{Yes|Atheros 5k AR5007EG (AR2425 works}} || 2016 Icaros 2.1.1, 2.1.2, Aros One 2.5 32bit USB, || 2007 32bit - power supplies fail due to bad caps issue 9.5V 2.5A 24W Charger AD59930 4.8*1.7MM - |- | [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 701SD || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 900 (2D)}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{No|RTL8187SE swap with Atheros 5k}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.7, || 2007 32bit - boot issues but does boot with ATA=32bit,nopoll or ATA=nodma,nopoll |- | [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 900 || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 900 (2D, 3D in some models)}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{Maybe|depends on chipset AR5007EG (AR2425) works but not RaLink}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.7, || 2008 32bit - boot issues but does boot with ATA=32bit,nopoll or ATA=nodma,nopoll. 900's may need BIOS upgrade to boot usb optical drives. 3D available in some model revisions - AD59230 9.5v 2.31a psu - |- | eeePC 900A || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (3D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{Yes|USB2.0}} || {{No|Atheros L1e [1969 1026]}} || {{Yes|Atheros 5k AR242x}} || Nightly Build 2012, 2023 Aros One 32bit 2.4 || 2009 32bit |- | eeePC 901 1000 || 945GM || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|ALC269 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{No|Atheros L1E (AR8121 AR8113 AR8114)}} || {{No|RaLink Device 2860 swap with Atheros 5k}} || 2011 Icaros 1.4, || 2009 32bit - 12v 3a psu - |- | eeePC Seashell 1000HA 1000HE 1008 1005HA || N280 + Intel GMA950 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{Maybe|Realtek but not Atheros AR8132 (L1c)}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || 2014 Aspire OS 1.6, || 2010 32bit - 12v 3a psu - |- | <!--Name-->eeePC 1001ha || <!--Chipset-->GMA945 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 950 (2D) || <!--Audio-->ALC269 HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Attansic Atheros AR8132 l1c}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|RaLink RT3090 swap with Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2010 32bit |- | eeePC 1001P T101MT 1005PX 1005PE 1015PE Pineview 1001PXD || NM10 and N450 N455 CPU || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio}} || {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || {{No|Atheros AR8132 (l1c)}} || {{unk|Atheros AR928x 802.11n}} || 2010 Icaros 1.3.3, || 2011 64bit - 19V 2.1A 2.3x0.7 - |- | EeePC 1015B 1215B || single C-30 C30 or dual C-50 C50 + Hudson M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{partial|AMD 6250 (VESA only)}} || ATI SBx00 HD Audio || USB || {{No|AR8152 v2.0 atl1c}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313 [14e4 4727]}} || untested recently || 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->Flare X101CH Cedarview || <!--Chipset-->N2600 + N10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 6300 || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros l1c 2.0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Flare 1025CE 1225CE || <!--Chipset-->N2800 + N10 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{dunno|Intel GMA 3600}} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros l1c 2.0}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Dell Netbooks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | Inspiron 910 Mini 9 PP39S Vostro A90 || GMA945 || {{Maybe|STEC 8G 16G 32G IDE PATA Parallel ATA miniPCIE SSD 50MM / 70MM very slow}} || {{N/A| }} || {{yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D opengl1}} || {{yes|ALC268 HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB2 boots and works}} || {{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8102E}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4310 and 4312 swap with atheros 5k bx32}} || ICAROS 1.3 but Icaros 2.3 (pci issues), AROS One 2.6 and Tiny AROS (digiclock startup) mouse cursor vanishes || 2008 32bit - 9inch 1024x600 screen - 1 ddr2 sodimm slot max 2gig - 19v 1.58a - 0 boot disk select - cr2032 battery under laptop base cover, while mem 2GB max under base flap - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron Mini 10 1010 PP19S || <!--Chipset-->Atom Z520 Z530 Intel US15W Poulsbo || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel GMA 500 (VESA only)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio ALC269 codec}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Intel or BCM4312}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - 10.10 inch 16:9, 1366 x 768 glossy - 28whr or 56wHr battery options - |- | [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport/Machines/Netbooks#Dell%20Mini%2010v%20(Inspiron%201011) Mini 10v 1011] [http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Dell/InspironMini10v ] || Intel 950 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|ide legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|HDAudio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL8102E 8103E}} || {{no|Dell 1397 Wireless}} || untested || 2008 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Inspiron Mini 1018 || <!--Chipset-->Intel Atom N455 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{partial|IDE mode }} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D, no VGA output)}} || <!--Audio-->{{partial|HD Audio head phones only - speaker and micro phone do not work}} || <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|RTL8188CE or AR928X}} || <!--Test Distro-->2011 Icaros 1.5.1, || <!--Comments-->2009 64bit - 1 DDR3 max 2gb - |- | Latitude 2100 || Intel Atom N270 N280 1.60Ghz GMA 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|set to IDE in bios as ahci not working || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D with tunnel 98 and gearbox 84)}} || {{yes|HD Audio with ALC272 codec}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM5764M}} || {{No|Intel 5100 or BCM4322 DW 1510 half height mini pcie use small Atheros 5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->2016 AspireOS 1.8, Icaros 2.1.1 and AROS One USB 2.4 || 2009 32bit ddr2 sodimm max 2G - [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/about-aspire-one Webcam and card reader not working] lcd cable over hinge an issue - f12 bios and boot - |- | <!--Name-->Latitude 2110 2120 || <!--Chipset-->N470 1.83Ghz, N455 1.6Ghz, N550 1.5Ghz || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Yes|ATA mode in bios not ahci}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 3150 2D only}} || <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with ALC269 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} || <!--Wireless-->{{No| swap for Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro-->2014 Icaros 2.3, || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - ddr2 sodimm |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====HP Compaq Netbooks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | HP Mini 2133 || VIA C7-M P4M900 / 8237 VX700 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{maybe|VIA Chrome 9 HC (VESA only)}} || {{no|VT1708/A HD Audio}} || USB || {{no|Broadcom Corp NetXtreme BCM5788}} || {{no|Broadcom Corp BCM4312}} || untested || 2008 32bit - |- | HP mini 1000 Mi 2140 ks145ut || N270 + 945GM || {{N/A}} || SATA || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and opengl1 3d)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio (playback tested)}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{no|Broadcom Corp BCM4312 hard blocked}} || untested || 2009 32Bit - unable to change wifi card |- | <!--Name-->HP Mini 700 702 || <!--Chipset-->N270 + 945GSE || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio IDT 92HD75B (111d:7608, only playback tested)}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom hard locked}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - |- | Compaq HP Mini 110 110-3112sa || 945GM Express || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio IDT STAC 92xx}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{no|Atheros}} || {{no|Broadcom hard blocked Fn+F12}} || untested || 2009 32bit - unable to change wifi |- | HP Mini 200 210 || 945GM NM10 Express || {{N/A}} || SATA || Intel GMA 950 || {{Maybe|HDAudio with }} || USB || RTL8101E RTL8102E || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard locked}} || untested || 2009 32bit - |- | HP Mini 311 DM1 (Quanta FP7) || N280 + ION LE || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia Geforce ION || {{maybe|HDAudio with }} || USB || eth || {{No|hard locked}} || untested || 2009 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |} ====Lenovo Netbooks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | IdeaPad S9 S9e(3G) S10 S10e(3G) || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|ALC269 or SigmaTel HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Broadcom NetLink BCM5906M}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || untested || 2009 32bit - |- | IdeaPad S12 || Intel Atom N270 + Nvidia ION LE MCP79 || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia C79 ION [Quadro FX 470M] || {{maybe|ALC269 HD Audio}} || USB || {{no|Broadcom}} || {{no|Intel locked down}} || 2012 Icaros 2.0, || 2009 32bit - does not boot - cause unknown |- | S10-2 || 945GME and N280 CPU || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|ALC269 HD Audio}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3, || 2009 32bit - |- | S10-3 || NM410 and N450 CPU || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || {{maybe|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|Atheros 9285 or Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3, || 2009 32bit - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Samsung Netbooks==== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | [http://www.amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=616910&topic_id=33755&forum=28#616910 NC10] || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{partial|SigmaTel HD Audio (playback only)}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{maybe|rtl8169 works but not Marvell 88E8040 sky2}} || {{yes|AR5007EG}} || 2011 Icaros 1.4, || 2009 32bit - Nano silver on keyboard and lcd ribbon cable over hinge issues |- | [http://www.sammywiki.com/wiki/Samsung_NC20 NC20] || VIA VX800 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{maybe|VIA Chrome9 (VESA only)}} || ALC272 GR (VT1708A) HD Audio || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{yes|Atheros AR5001}} || untested || 2009 32bit - |- | NP-N110 NP-N120 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{yes|ALC272 HD Audio or ALC6628}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{no|Realtek rtl8187}} || untested || 2009 32bit - Namuga 1.3M Webcam none |- | NP-N130 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{yes|SATA in IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 2D and opengl 1.x 99.5 tunnel 99 gearbox}} || {{yes|Intel HD with ALC272 ALC269 codec playback}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL 8169.device - 8101e 8102e}} || {{no|rtl 8192se rtl8187 too small an area to swap for atheros 5k}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 10.x inch 1024 x 600 - Namuga 1.3M Webcam - front slide power on and f2 setup bios - keyboard 17.7mm Pitch is made with Silver Nano (Anti-Bacterial) tech - small touchpad - 1 ddr2 2rx16 sodimm slot 2G max - 44Wh |- | <!--Name-->Go NP-N310 || <!--Chipset-->N270 + 945GME || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|Atheros5k}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2010 32bit - N280 version changed specs |- | NP-N510 || N270 euro N280 uk + ION MCP79 || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia C79 ION [Quadro FX 470M] || HD Audio || USB || Marvell 88E8040 || Realtek 8192E || untested || 2010 32bit - does not boot - cause unknown |- | NP-N145 Plus || n450 + NM10 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D, no VGA output)}} || {{yes|Realtek HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || untested || 2010 some support but often the trackpad does not work |- | <!--Name-->NC110 Axx || <!--Chipset-->NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->Sata || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC269 codec A9M22Q2 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Broadcom BCM4313 or Atheros}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - |- | NF210 Pineview || n455 or n550 + N10 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{maybe|Intel GMA 3150 (needs retesting, VESA works)}} || {{yes|HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || Wireless || untested || 2011 64bit - some support |- | <!--Name-->NS310 NP-NS310-A03UK || <!--Chipset-->N570 with NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|use Vesa 2d }} || <!--Audio-->{{yes| ich7}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 realtek 810xe }} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|bcm4313 }} || <!--Test Distro-->2022 AROS One 2.3, || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit Atom N570 or 1.5 GHz Intel Atom N550 dual core processor, 1 DDR3 sodimm slot memory, a 250GB hard drive, and a 10.1 inch, 1024 x 600 pixel 10.1" W7St - 2300mAh short life - |- | <!--Name-->[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Samsung_N150 N150] NB30 || <!--Chipset-->MN10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{No| }} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8040}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285 or Realtek 8192E}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2011 a little support |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.kruedewagen.de/wiki/index.php/Samsung_N220 N210 N220] N230 || <!--Chipset-->N450 + NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC269 || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}} || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit no sse4.1 or avx - |- | <!--Name-->NC110 Pxx Cedarview || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{dunno|Intel GMA 3600}} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Intel 6000g}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- |} ====Toshiba Netbooks==== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->NB100 || <!--Chipset-->945GM || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|legacy}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC262 HD Audio}} || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|AR5001}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Mini NB200 series NB205 || <!--Chipset-->N280 + GSE945 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}}|| <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->ALC272 HD Audio || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{maybe|AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2009 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Mini 300 series NB305 || <!--Chipset-->N455 with NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 3150 (2D) || <!--Audio-->ALC272 HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{maybe|AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Mini 500 series NB505 NB520 NB550-10v || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->legacy || <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA 3150 (2D) || <!--Audio-->HD Audio || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|Realtek 8176 RTL 8188CE}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit - |- | [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Toshiba-NB550D-AMD-Fusion-Netbook.46551.0.html Mini NB550D 10G] 108 (c30) 109 (c50) || C-50 + M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || AMD 6250 (VESA only) || HD Audio || USB || {{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111e}} || {{maybe|Atheros 9k}} || untested || 2011 64bit Realtek SD card reader |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Misc Netbooks==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="10%" |Wireless ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="30%" |Comments |- | Cammy's A1600 || GME945 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio playback}} || {{yes}} || {{no|JMC 250/260}} || Wireless || 2010 Icaros 1.2.4, || 2009 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Fujitsu Siemens Amilo Mini Ui 3520 || <!--Chipset-->Intel 945 || <!--ACPI--> || <!--SATA-->{{yes}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->ALC269 HD Audio || <!--USB-->{{yes}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{yes|AR5001}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - |- | Guillemot Hercules eCafe EC-900 H60G-IA], Mitac MiStation and Pioneer Computers Dreambook Light U11 IL1 || Intel 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio (playback only)}} || {{yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|RAlink RT2860}} || untested || 2009 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->Hannspree Hannsnote SN10E2 24 48 || <!--Chipset-->N450 + NM10 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->IDE legacy mode || <!--Gfx-->Pineview Intel (2D) || <!--Audio-->ALC HD Audio || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->Atheros l1c || <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Opinion-->2009 32bit - |- | MSI Wind U90/U100 || GME945 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{partial|HD Audio ALC888s (playback only?)}} || {{yes|uhci 1.1 and ehci 2.0}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|RaLink RT2860 RT2700E or rtl8187se (u100x)}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3, || 2009 32bit - |- | Advent 4211 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || Intel GMA950 (2D) || ALC HD Audio || USB || rtl8169 || {{no|Intel 3945 ABG}} || untested || 2009 32bit - MSI U100 clone |- | <!--Name-->Hannspree Hannsnote SN10E1 || <!--Chipset-->N270 + GMA945 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || <!--Audio-->ALC HD Audio || <!--USB-->USB2.0 || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E RTL8169}} || <!--Wireless-->{{no|RaLink RT2860}} || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit MSI U100 clone |- | <!--Name--> Vaio VGN-P11Z | <!--Chipset--> | <!--IDE--> {{dunno}} | <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} | <!--Gfx--> {{Partial|Intel (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{no|HD Audio}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Marvell}} | <!--Wireless--> {{unk|Atheros AR928X}} | <!--Test Distro-->2012 Icaros 2.0.3 | <!--Comments-->2008 32bit Rarely boots! |- | <!--Name-->Sony VPC-W11S1E | <!--Chipset-->N280 with 945GSE | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|Intel GMA950 - hdmi}} | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with realtek codec | <!--USB-->3 USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros AR8132}} | <!--Wireless-->{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} | <!--Test Distro-->untested | <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - 10.1" 1366 x 768 glossy - 3hr battery life - |- | <!--Name-->Archos 10 Netbook || <!--Chipset-->Atom with ICH7 NM10 945GSE || <!--IDE-->{{No }} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 || <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC662 codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8139 || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro-->untested || <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - |- | <!--Name-->MSI Wind U135 DX MS-N014 || <!--Chipset-->Intel N455 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|2D only accelerated}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|ALC662 rev 1}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|RTL}} || <!--Wireless-->{{No|Atheros AR 9K}} || <!--Test Distro-->2015 Icaros 2.1, || <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - needs noacpi notls added to grub boot line to start up |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Wireless--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ===Desktop Systems=== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" | <!--OK-->{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || <!--May work-->{{Maybe|'''Works a little'''}} || <!--Not working-->{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || <!--Not applicable-->{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}} |- |} ====Acer==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->[https://www.acer.com/ac/en/ID/content/support-product/486;-; Veriton X270 VTX270] Intel Core 2 Duo ED7400C or Pentium dual-core UD7600C with 630i | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d Nvidia 7100 VGA and HDMI connections}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| with realtek codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|4 rear and 5 front}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe| nForce}} | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 dvd | <!--Comments-->2009 64bit capable but would not fully boot, DHCP address timeout too short and failed often. Put in a third party NIC, worked - 1 PCI Express x16 slot and a free PCI x1 slot - internal thin long psu with 12pin - |- | <!--Name--> Imedia S1710 with Intel Dual Core E5200 | <!--IDE--> {{Yes|SATA/AHCI}} | <!--SATA--> {{Maybe|Native IDE}} | <!--Gfx--> {{Yes|Nvidia nForce 7100}} | <!--Audio--> {{Yes|Nvidia MCP73}} | <!--USB--> {{Yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{No|NVIDIA MCP73 Ethernet}} | <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 14-09-2023, AROS One 2.3 | <!--Comments--> 2009 64-bit - Boot over USB not working on front - 2 DDR2 dual channel max 8GB - DEL for entering Bios - F12 for boot menu - Bus weird, could be reason for Ethernet issue |- | <!--Name-->Acer Revo AR1600, R1600 AR3600, R3600 Packard Bell iMax Mini, ACER Veriton N260G N270G slim nettop subcompact | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Native IDE mode, '''when it works''' boots}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Nvidia ION GeForce 9300M - nouveau 3d - '''when it boots''' 400 fps in shell'ed gearbox, 278 in tunnel, 42 in teapot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with alc662 codec but nothing from HDMI audio}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Nvidia USB boot usb2 stick issues and slower with usb3 drives}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|MCP79 nForce}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2009 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 Intel Atom 230 N280 - 20cm/8" high 1 ltr noisy fan - very often boot stuck around ehciInit - DEL setup F12 boot options - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - 19v special barrel size 5.5mm/1.7mm psu - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - atheros 5k AR5BXB63 wifi - |- | <!--Name-->Revo AR3610 R3610 3610 Atom 330 nettop subcompact dual core | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Native IDE mode, '''when it works''' boots}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Nvidia ION GeForce 9400M LE MCP79MX - nouveau 3d - '''when it boots''' 400 fps in shell'ed gearbox, 278 in tunnel, 42 in teapot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with Realtek alc662 rev1 alc662-hd later ALC885 codec but nothing from HDMI audio}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Nvidia USB with 1% chance boot with usb2 sticks, more issues with usb3 drives}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|RTL 8211CL MCP79 nForce}} | <!--Test Distro-->{{no|AROS One 32bit 1.5, 1.6 and 2.4 usb and 64bit 1.2 USB}} | <!--Comments-->2010 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 20cm/8" high 1 ltr noisy fan - boot often stuck at Kernel or around ehciInit, SATA, etc try ATA=off, non usb hub keyboard, - DEL bios setup, F12 BBS POPUP/drive boot - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - 19v barrel psu with smaller inner pin size 5.5mm/1.7mm - replace wifi RT3090 ver c (linux) with atheros 5k - |- | <!--Name-->Revo N281G | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA 2d for GMA 3100}} | <!--Audio-->HD audio codec | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX and SSE 4.1 Atom D425 - 19v 65w barrel psu thinner inner pin - 2 DDR3L single channel max 4GB - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - 1lr or 1.5 ltr dvdrw case 209.89 mm, (D) 209.89 mm, (H) 35.35 mm - del enter bios - |- | <!--Name-->REVO AR3700 R3700 3700 Atom D525 dual core - ACER Veriton N282G *one long beep followed by two short, bios damaged *looping one long two short, a video card fault *two short beeps... CMOS damaged *got one long and one short beep... board error? | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE ready in Bios}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia ION2 GT218 ION vga fine '''but''' hdmi fussy over display used - nouveau 2d & 3d gearbox 404 tunnel 292 teapot 48}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDA Intel with Realtek ALC662 rev1 codec, head phones only but nothing from NVidia HDMI}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|Intel® NM10 Express (NM10 is basically an ICH7 with a die shrink and IDE removed) USB boots usb, installs usb, accesses ok}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111g}} | <!--Test Distro-->AROS one 32bit USB 1.5 and 1.6 and ArosOne 64bit usb 1.2 | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 20cm/8" high 1 ltr noisy fan - early 2 ddr2 sodimm slots but later 2 ddr3 sodimm slots 1Rx8 max 4GB - 19v barrel psu thinner pin - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - ACPI Suspend Mode = S1, S3 (STR), S4 - Power on PCIe * Known Acer issue, Boot into bios, set bios to UEFI and reboot, set bios back to defaults and reboot, blank display, repair with reflash of 8 pin Winbond W25Q socketed bios chip with ch341a using 2011/09/19 P01.B0L, 2011/05/09 P01.A4, 2011/05/03 P01.A3L, 2010/12/27 P01.A2L, 2010/12/27 P01.A2 amiboot.rom - |- | <!--Name-->Revo 70 (RL70) with or without dvdrw | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->6320 or 6310 | <!--Audio-->HD audio ALC662-VCO-GR codec | <!--USB-->USB2, 1.1 Hudson D1 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD E450 1.65GHz - 19v 65w barrel psu thinner inner pin - 2 DDR3L single channel max 4GB - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - 1lr or 1.5 ltr dvdrw case 209.89 mm, (D) 209.89 mm, (H) 35.35 mm - del enter bios - |- |} ====Asus==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->EEEbox B202 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Intel GMA950 | <!--Audio-->Intel Azalia HDaudio with Realtek ALC662 or ALC888-GR CODEC | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111 or JM250 | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros | <!--Comments-->internal 3 types of wifi chipset not supported |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Dell==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name--> Precision 340 | <!--IDE--> {{yes}} | <!--SATA--> {{n/a}} | <!--Gfx--> {{n/a}} | <!--Audio--> {{yes|Intel AC97}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 1.1 (UHCI)}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|3Com}} | <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 2014 09-27 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Dimension 2400 | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel 82845GL Brookdale G/GE (VESA 640x480 by 16)}} | <!--Audio-->{{Unk|AC97 with ADI codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|UHCI EHCI}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Broadcom 440x 4401}} | <!--Test Distro-->[http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?p=832495 Icaros 1.4] | <!--Comments-->Graphics chipset is capable of higher resolution. |- | <!--Name-->Dimension 4600 | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{dunno}} | <!--Gfx-->{{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|Intel AC97 (use rear black port)}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|UHCI/EHCI}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Intel PRO/100}} | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 1.5.2 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> Optiplex 170L | <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}} | <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{no|Intel AC97}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|Intel PRO/100}} | <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> Optiplex GX260 | <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}} | <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} | <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{yes|Intel AC97}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Intel PRO/1000}} | <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 2014 09-27 | <!--Comments--> |- | Optiplex GX270 | {{yes|Working}} | {{partial|IDE mode}} | {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}} | {{yes|Intel AC97}} | {{yes|USB 2.0}} | {{no|Intel PRO/1000}} | Icaros 1.5.2 | <!--Comments--> |- | Optiplex GX280 | {{yes|Working}} | {{partial|IDE mode}} | {{maybe|Intel GMA (only VESA tested)}} | {{yes|Intel AC97}} | {{yes|USB 2.0}} | {{no|Broadcom}} | Nightly Build 2014 09-27 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> Optiplex GX520 | <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}} | <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx--> {{yes|Intel GMA}} | <!--Audio--> {{partial|Intel AC97 (no line-out)}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Broadcom}} | <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> Optiplex 745 | <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel GMA (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{partial|HD Audio (no volume control)}} | <!--USB--> {{partial|Only keyboard mouse (legacy mode)}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Broadcom}} | <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> Optiplex 755 | <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> {{partial|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel GMA (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{no|HD Audio}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Intel Gigabit}} | <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.5.1 | <!--Comments--> Around 25 second delay in booting from USB |- | <!--Name--> Optiplex 990 | <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> {{partial|non-RAID mode}} | <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel HD (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{no|Intel Gigabit}} | <!--Test Distro--> Nightly Build 2014 09-27 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Optiplex 360 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|ordinary boot gives VGA mode only - VESA}} | <!--Audio-->{{no|HD Audio (Analog Devices ID 194a)}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}} | <!--Test Distro-->Aspire Xenon | <!--Comments-->poor support |- | <!--Name-->Dell Wyse Vx0 (V90 V30), Vx0L (V10L V90L), Vx0LE (V30LE V90LE) from VIA C7 800GHz to Eden 1.2GHz | <!--IDE-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for S3 UniChrome Pro}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 VIA VT8233A with ?? codec}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|2 back and 1 front USB2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|early models work but later VT6102-3 do not}} | <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.2 | <!--Comments-->2006 to 2009 32bit - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - 1 sodimm DDR 333MHz SO-DIMM later DDR2 - early V90s do seem to have a reliability problem - |- | <!--Name-->[https://www.poppedinmyhead.com/2021/01/wyse-cx0-thin-client-notes-experiences.html Dell Wyse Cx0] C00LE, C10LE, C30LE, C50LE, C90LE, C90LE7, C90LEW VIA C7 Eden 1GHz | <!--IDE-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d VX855 VX875 Chrome 9}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|some VIA VT8237A VT8251 HDA with ?? codec work}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|4 outside 2 inside USB2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|VT6120 VT6121 VT6122 Gigabit}} | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 | <!--Comments-->2010 to 2013 32bit - [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=815.0 boots and works] - 12V 2.5A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - 1 sodimm ddr2 - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Dell RxxL Rx0L Wyse thin client *R00L Cloud PC of Wyse WSM *R10L Wyse Thin OS *R50L Suse Linux Enterprise *R90L Win XP Embedded *R90LW Win Embedded Standard 2009 *R90L7 Win Embedded Standard 7 | <!--IDE-->128Mb IDE or 1GB | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|SATA Hyperdisk}} | <!--Gfx-->AMD 690E RS690M Radeon Xpress 1200 1250 1270 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->4 usb2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2009 64bit AMD Sempron™ 210U SMG210UOAX3DVE 1.5GHz SB600, up to 4GB single slot 240-pin DDR2 DIMM, 19v barrel psu, DEL key bios - Late 2012 2 data sockets added but only CN18 be used with two white sockets (CN13 & CN15) can used to power the SATA device "4-pin Micro JST 1.25mm |- | <!--Name-->Optiplex 390 sff small form factor - mt mini tower desktop - dt full desktop | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|1 pci-e}} | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|realtek}} | <!--Test Distro-->aros one 1.6 usb | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit dual i3 2xxx - kettle iec plug psu cable - add nvidia gf218 gfx - error code 3 mobo or cpu - |- | <!--Name-->Optiplex 3010 sff small form factor | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|1 pci-e}} | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom 57XX}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit dual i3 3xxx - kettle iec plug psu cable - |- | <!--Name-->Optiplex 7010 sff small form factor | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|1 pci-e}} | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom or Intel 825xx}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit dual i3 3xxx Q77 - kettle iec plug psu cable - add pci-e ethernet and nvidia gf218 gfx - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 5010 thin client ThinOS D class (D10D D00D D00DX, Dx0D), PCoIP (D10DP) or D90D7, 5040 *username: Administrator, admin, [blank] *password: Fireport, DellCCCvdi, rappot, Wyse#123, Administrator, administrator, r@p8p0r+ | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE mode may need 30cm ext cable as small area for half-slim sata ssd - decased new ssd??}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d 1400x1050 HD6250E IGP by using DVI to hdmi cable and 1 display port, no hdmi port}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD 6.34 audio chipset detected but codec alc269 working from one case speaker - none if v6.29 used}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|most 5010 have 4 USB 2.0 but D90Q7 has 2 USB3 instead}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8168 8169 - rev 1.?? 8111? - rev 1.91 8111E}} | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit no SSE4.1 or AVX slow AMD G-T44R 1.2Ghz later G-T48E 1.4Ghz Dual Bobcat Brazos BGA413 - Del for BIOS - p key to select boot with noacpi - single DDR3 sodimm slot max 4Gb, (8Gb hynix 2rx8 ddr3l)? (remove small board to upgrade) - passive no fan - 15cm/6" small 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - PA16 19v barrel psu Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm |- | <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 7010 DTS thin client (Z class Zx0D) *2011 Zx0 Z90D7 2GF/2GR *2013 Z10D *2014 Z50D 2GF/2GR *2012 Cisco VXC 6000 CVXC-6215-K9 white | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|Bios set Sata mode to IDE mode and grub boot add 'noacpi' for half slim sata2 ssd or/with 50cm sata ext cable}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2d HD6310 HD6320 Terascale 2 through DVI and sometimes DP 1.1a - no hdmi port}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio 6.34 detected but ALC269VB codec works on the one case speaker only}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|2.0 works but NEC 720200 3.0 not working}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111e 8111F}} | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 and Aros One 32bit 1.5, 1.9 and 2.3 usb and 64bit 1.2 | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 slow AMD G-t52R 1.5GHz later G-T56N 1.65 GHz Dual with A50M FCH - 20cm/8" high 1.5ltr larger fanless black plastic case with metal ventilated box inside - 2 desktop DDR3L DIMM slots max 16GB - PA-16 19v external psu Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm - 2 40cm SMA female WiFi Antenna to IPEX IPX u.fl Ufl Cable pigtail needed - does not like uefi boot devices - |- | <!--Name-->Wyse 7020 Thin Client * 2013 Quad-core AMD GX-420CA 2.0 GHz (25W) - * 2018 Zx0Q Quad-core AMD GX-415GA 1.5 GHz (15W) with Quad display 3dp and 1dvi | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 sata port | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d only for AMD Radeon HD8400E radeonsi (dual display) or AMD Radeon HD 8330E IGP with AMD Radeon E6240 Seymour E6460 (quad display), no hdmi ports}} | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2013 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 quad eKabini Jaguar cores - two SODIMM sockets layered in centre of mobo DDR3L RAM - Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm ac psu 9mm plug is too short but 14mm length is fine - 15cm/6" high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - |- | <!--Name-->Dell Wyse Dx0Q (5020) D90Q8 NJXG4 AMD G-Series | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 sata port | <!--Gfx-->HD 8330E | <!--Audio--> with Realtek codec | <!--USB-->4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2014 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 Quad-core AMD GX-415GA 1.5 GHz - 2 layered near edge of mobo 204-pin DDR3L SODIMM (bottom one tricky to insert) - 19v Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm - passive no fan - 15cm/6" high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options |- | <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 5060 N07D thin client | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE bios mode for sata2 port}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2d - AMD R5E GCN2 IGP Sea Islands thru dp1 with an hdmi adapter no output thru dp2 - no hdmi dvi ports}} | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC231 codec head phones only}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 realtek 8169 8111h}} | <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 1.6 usb | <!--Comments-->2017 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 quad GX-424CC 19.5v external psu - CN-0Y62H1 mobo with 2 layered ddr3l 16Gb max sodimm slots at edge of mobo, bottom 0 one blocking - passive no fan so quiet - 15cm/6" high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Fujitsu Siemens==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="15%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | Scenic [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/ProfessionalPC/Scenic/ScenicE/ScenicE.htm E600] (compact desktop) | | | {{partial|VESA only}} | {{yes|AC97}} | | {{no|Intel PRO/1000}} | {{dunno}} | Nice small, silent PC with good AROS support. |- | Scenic T i845 | {{dunno}} | {{n/a}} | {{n/a}} | {{dunno|Intel AC97}} | {{dunno|UHCI}} | {{dunno|Intel PRO/100}} | Icaros 1.5.2 | AROS does not boot |- | <!--Name-->Futro S200 S210 S220 and later S300 | <!--IDE-->{{yes| compactflash CF card max ??}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 315PRO PCI/AGP }} | <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 via }} | <!--USB-->{{unk|via uhci and ehci}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|via VT6102 [Rhine-II] (rev 74) }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - TR5670 Rev 1.4 mother with Transmeta TM5800 cpu - pci socket - single SODIMM socket for DDR memory PC2700S max 512MB - |- | <!--Name-->Futro S400 | <!--IDE-->{{yes| but swap with compactflash CF card already with AROS installed}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS741CX }} | <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 SiS7018}} | <!--USB-->{{unk|sis uhci and ehci}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|rtl8169 }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - AMD Geode NX1500 1GHz gets hot - SiS 963L / SiS 741CX chipset - 12V 4.2A 4-pin (DP-003-R) psu - single SODIMM socket for DDR PC2700S max 1G - large case 246 x 48 x 177cms torx screws - pci socket - |- | <!--Name-->FUJITSU Futro S700 and S900 Thin Client (based on mini-ITX motherboard D3003-A12, D3003-C1 lesser variant of [https://www.parkytowers.me.uk/thin/Futro/s900/TechNotes_V3.1_Mini-ITX_D3003-S.pdf D3003-S]) *G-T56N 1.65GHz *G-T40N 1.00GHz *G-T44R 1.20GHz | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 sata data socket but mSata 18+8pins 1GB-16GB | <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 6320, HD 6250, HD 6290 dvi or displayport (DP runs higher) | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->{{yes|two USB2 front sockets and four on the rear}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit AMD slow atom-like and fanless - 20V 2A psu 5.5mm/2.1mm coax (S900) - 2 DDR3L SODIMM sockets max 8GB tricky to run 1333 MHz on the Futro S900 - proprietary X2 PCI-e - 1 PCI socket but need a right-angle adaptor - |- | <!--Name-->esprimo p420 e85 desktop case | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx-->Intel 4600 or old Geforce in pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->HDAudio realtek alc671 codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 16 pin special psu - |- | <!--Name-->esprimo E420 e85+ SFF case | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx-->Intel 4600 or low profile pci-e card | <!--Audio-->HDAudio realtek alc671 codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111G | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 16ish pin special psu - hd under front metal bracket, take front cover off first with 3 tabs - 3 slim pci-e slots - |- | <!--Name-->Futro S520 AMD dual 1.0Ghz codenamed "Steppe Eagle" * GX-210HA @ 1.0GHz * GX-212ZC @ 1.2GHz | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->no sata - 4Gb or 16Gb flash memory soldered to the board | <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon HD 8210E (GX210HA) or AMD Radeon R1E (GX212ZC) | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111e | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - smaller than ITX 160mm x 160mm Fujitsu D3314-A11 - 19V 3.4A PSU standard 5.5mm/2.1mm coax plug - 1 ddr3 sodimm slot - |- | <!--Name-->Fujitsu Futro S720 ThinClient D3313-B13 D3313-F *2014 64bit AMD GX-217GA 1.65GHz VFY:S0720P8009FR VFY:S0720P8008DE VFY:S0720P4009GB *2015 64bit AMD GX-222GC 2.20GHz VFY:S0720P702BDE VFY:S0720P702BFR all begin VFY:S0720P and end two digit country code | <!--IDE--> {{N/A|}} | <!--SATA--> {{Yes|up to 2 Sata-cable-connector with space in casing so normal SSD/HDD over Sata was running very well on AHCI and IDE-Mode and 2242 mSata}} | <!--Gfx--> {{Maybe|use VESA 2D for AMD Radeon HD 8280E IGP ( islands) or later R5E IGP ( islands)}} | <!--Audio--> {{yes|HDAudio ALC671 codec partially working, external audio speaker}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|4 rear USB 2.0 but not front 2 USB 3.1}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169}} | <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB 2.0 | <!--Comments-->2014 64bit supports AVX and SSE 4.1 - 1 ddr3 Sodimm slot max 8Gb - 19V-20V 2A 5.5mm/2.5mm coax - D3313-B13 stripped down Mini-ITX mobo D3313-S1/-S2/-S3 (eKabini) D3313-S4/-S5/-S6 - SATA data socket can be located under the fins of the cpu heatsink is fanless - mPCIe socket for wireless card - |- | <!--Name-->Fujitsu FUTRO S920 D3313-E D3313-G *2016 AMD GX-222GC SOC 2.20GHz Dual *2017 AMD G-Series GX-415GA (1.50 GHz, Quad Core, 2 MB, AMD Radeon™ HD 8330E) *2017 AMD G-Series GX-424CC 2.40 GHz Quad | <!--IDE--> {{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> {{yes|2242 mSata and 1 Sata-cable-connector with space in casing so normal SSD/HDD over Sata possible}} | <!--Gfx--> {{yes|use VESA 2D for Radeon R5E GCN2/3 IGP}} | <!--Audio--> {{yes|HDAudio ALC671 codec partially working}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|4 rear USB 2.0, front 2 USB 3.1 downgradable to 2.0 in BIOS setting}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169}} | <!--Test Distro--> AROS One USB 2.4 | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 2 so dimm slot with max of 8 GB - 19v barrel psu 5.5mm 2.5mm - SATA data socket can be located under the fins of the heatsink - mPCIe a e keyed socket for wireless card - propetary X2 connector with official raizer to X1 connector - almost silent background noise, not affecting sound quality in any way |- | <!--Name-->Fujitsu Thin Client Futro S5011 S7011 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3 on 2 dp 1.4}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ALC623 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - AMD Ryzen Dual Core R1305G or R1505G 1ltr case - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - 19v 3.42amp round coax or usb-c 20c 3.25a external psu - |- | <!--Name-->Fujitsu FUTRO S9011 Thin Client VFY:S9011THU1EIN || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVMe || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3 on 2 dp 1.4}} || <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ALC623 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2020 64bit Ryzen Embedded R1606G - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ====HP Compaq==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Compaq presario 7360 | <!--IDE-->{{yes|Working}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|AC97 via}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|issues}} | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Compaq EP Series 6400/10 | <!--IDE--> {{yes|IDE}} | <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} | <!--Gfx--> {{N/A}} | <!--Audio--> {{no|ISA}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB 1.1}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{N/A}} | <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}} | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Compaq Evo D510 | {{yes|Working}} | {{N/A}} | {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}} | {{yes|AC97}} | {{yes|Working}} | {{yes|Intel PRO/100}} | Icaros 1.5 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Compaq DX2000 MT | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Intel Extreme 2 (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio-->{{no|detects AC97 but no support for ADI AD1888 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|OHCI/EHCI }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82526EZ e1000}} | <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.51 | <!--Comments-->boots ok but no audio |- | <!--Name-->Compaq DX 2200 | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200] (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio-->{{dunno|HD Audio}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|OHCI/EHCI issues }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} | <!--Test Distro--> {{dunno}} | <!--Comments-->issues |- | <!--Name--> d230 | <!--IDE--> {{yes|UDMA}} | <!--SATA--> {{N/A}} | <!--Gfx--> {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio--> {{partial|Intel AC97 (speaker and headphones only, no line-out)}} | <!--USB--> {{yes|USB}} | <!--Ethernet--> {{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} | <!--Test Distro--> Icaros 1.4.5 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->HP Pavilion a220n || <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} || <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|VESA 1024x768 on nVidia GF4 MX with 64MB shared video ram}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ALC650 AC'97 comp.}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2.0}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8201BL 10/100 LAN}} || <!--Test Distro-->AROS One 2.5|| <!--Comments-->2004 32bit athlon xp 2600+ Socket 462 / Socket A - 2 dimm ddr pc2700 - |- | <!--Name-->t500 | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|FX5200 (2D; 3D with older driver)}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97 ICH4 ALC658D}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|UHCI/EHCI}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8101L 8139}} | <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2012-09-22 | <!--Comments-->2004 |- | <!--Name-->DC7700 | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 2D}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes| ICH8}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|82566DM e1000e}} | <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2013-??-?? | <!--Comments-->2006 Some support at low cost |- | <!--Name-->HP dc 7600 CMT | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ACL 260}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO/1000 GT}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2007 |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->HP t5000 thin client series t5500 t5510 t5515 PC538A or PC542A t5700 t5710 Transmeta Crusoe Code Morphing TM 5400 5600 800Mhz | <!--IDE-->128mb to 512MB | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->Ati Radeon 7000M | <!--Audio-->VIA with codec | <!--USB-->{{No|Issues}} | <!--Ethernet-->VIA Rhine 2 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2006 32bit - ddr max 1GB - F10 setup - all t51xx and some t55xx units will not include a SODIMM slot - |- | <!--Name-->HP t5000 thin client series CN700 *HSTNC-002L-TC t5135, t5530 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d 128Mb Via S3 32-bit colour | <!--Audio-->AC97 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102 VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 78) | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2007 32bit t5135 appears identical to the t5530 except the CPU VIA Esther 400 MHz - RAM 64Mb (? max) - 8 x USB2.0 - 12V 3.33A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm |- | <!--Name-->HP t5720, t5725 HSTNC-001L-TC | <!--IDE-->{{unk| }} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->VESA 2d SiS741GX 2048 x 1536 32-bit colour | <!--Audio-->AC97 SiS SiS7012 AC'97 | <!--USB-->6 x USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102 VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 8d) | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2007 32bit AMD Geode NX1500 1GHz socketed - RAM 512MB or 1GB, 256MB, 512MB or 1GB - 12V psu - sis DDMA support - custom 1.13 BIOS - pci low profile - |- | <!--Name-->t5000 series VX800 HSTNC-004-TC t5145, t5540, t5545, t5630 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d VIA Chrome9 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio VIA | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|VT6120 VT6121 VT6122 Gigabit (rev 82)}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2010 32bit - RAM 64Mb (? max) - 8 x USB2.0 - 12V 4.16A Coax: 5.5mm/2.1mm - |- | <!--Name-->t5730w HSTNC-003-TC t5730 | <!--IDE-->{{n/a|ATA 44pin DOM Flash}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d ATI Radeon X1250 2048 x 1536 no 3D | <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{Yes|6 x USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 5707M tg3 10/100/1000}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2008 64bit AMD Sempron 2100+ 1GHz - 1 slot of ddr2 sodimm (Max 2GB) - 12V 4.16A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - F10 enter bios F12 boot devices - |- | <!--Name-->HSTNC-005-TC gt7720, gt7725 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d AMD RS780G HD 3200 - 2560 x 1600 DVI-D & DVI-H | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->8 x USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5787M}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2009 64bit AMD Turion Dual Core CPU 2.3GHz - 1 DDR2 200-pin SODIMM - 19V 4.16A Coax 7.4mm/5.0mm (gt7725) - |- | <!--Name-->HP t5740 Thin Client HSTNC-006-TC t5740, t5745, st5742 | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->1 port | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Intel CL40 VGA and DisplayPort connectors}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with IDT codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM57780 Gigabit}} | <!--Test Distro-->Nightly build and Icaros | <!--Comments-->2009 32bit Atom N280 - F10 on power up to get into the BIOS screens. F12 brings up the boot options - hp 19V one with a coax connector, outer diameter 4.8mm with inner to be 1.7mm to 1.4mm - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots max 3gb due to 32bit - 1 pci-e slot completely non standard - |- | <!--Name-->t5000 series HSTNC-012-TC VIA Nano u3500 VX900 *t5550 512MB/1GB Windows CE6 R3 *t5565 1GB/1GB HP ThinPro *t5570 2GB/1GB WES 2009 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vesa 2d VIA ChromotionHD 2.0 GPU Chrome9 | <!--Audio-->VIA 9170 VT1708S codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM57780 Gigabit}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->32bit - 1 sodimm - 19V 3.42A supply connector standard yellow-tip coax plug 4.8mm/1.8mm "Standard HP Compaq DC Power Plug 4.8mm x 1.5mm / 1.7mm Yellow Tip Connector - |- | <!--Name-->HP t510 Via Eden X2 U4200 HSTNC-012-TC shares features with t5570e, t5565z | <!--IDE-->2G ATA Flash DOM | <!--SATA-->one | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for Chrome9 VIA ChromotionHD 2.0 gfx}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|VIA VT8237A VT8251 HDA with codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|6 USB2 }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM57780 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2010 32bit - one slot ddr3 sodimm max 4GB - 19V 3.42A Coax 4.8mm/1.8mm - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->HP T610 Thin Client and thicker PLUS version AMD G-T56N A55E | <!--IDE-->{{Maybe|}} | <!--SATA-->2 sata | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 6320 1 dp port 1 dvi | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec | <!--USB-->two USB2 on the front, two USB2 and two USB 3 ports on the rear | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM57780}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2010 64bit does not support AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 204-pin DDR3 1600MHz SODIMMs PC3-12800 under motherboard via removable panel - 19.5V 3A Coax male 7.4mm/5.0mm + centre pin - |- | <!--Name-->HP T420 Thin Client *AMD Embedded G-Series GX-209JA SOC (1 GHz, 2 cores) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 8180 dvi vga | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec | <!--USB-->2 front 2 rear USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2015 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - soldered in place 2GB DDR3 - smaller than usual 19.5V 2.31A Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - usb stick internal for storage - E15 BBR - |- | <!--Name-->HP t520 TPC-W016 *AMD GX-212JC 1.2Ghz (2 core) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 m.2 mounting holes for 2242 and 2260 SSDs SATA (not NVME) | <!--Gfx-->Radeon R2E GCN2 IGP Sea Islands | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec | <!--USB-->2 USB3 front, 4 USB2 back | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2014 2017 64 bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 1 204-pin DDR3 SODIMM - 19.5V 3.33A 7.4mm Coax with central pin |- | <!--Name-->HP t620 TPC-I004-TC *AMD G-Series GX-217GA 2 core APU 1.65GHz (65W) *AMD GX-415GA (65W) and t620 PLUS (PRO wider version) TPC-I020-TC *AMD GX-420CA SOC (Plus 85W) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|single M.2 2280 socket sata3, mSATA socket removed end of 2014}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2d for Radeon HD 8280E graphics 8330E Islands GCN2 IGP - 2 dp ports no dvi}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio with Realtek ALC221 codec 0x10EC 0x0221}} | <!--USB-->{{unk|4 front, 2 back, 1 inside limited space}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169}} | <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 32bit | <!--Comments-->2014 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR3L SODIMMs side by side - mSATA ssd and M.2 SSD are M1.6 screws, M2.0 screws used on most SSDs - 19.5V 3.33A Coax male 7.4mm 5mm with centre pin - changed the network card to a Atheros 5000 compatible - |- | <!--Name-->HP T530 *AMD GX-215JJ (2 core) 1.5GHz | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 m.2 sata ssd up to 2280 | <!--Gfx-->Radeon R2E | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec | <!--USB-->1 USB3.1, 1 usb-c front, 4 USB2 back | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2015 64 bit does support AVX SSE 4.1 - 1 204-pin DDR4 SODIMM - 19.5V 2.31A Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm with centre pin - |- | <!--Name-->HP T730 Wider "Thin" Client TPC-I018-TC Pixar RX-427BB (2c4t) - no display and fans blowing full speed caused by '''disabling internal gpu in bios''' flash L43_0116.bin onto smc MX25L6473F (3.3V 8-PIN SOP (200mil) SPI 25xx) ([https://www.badcaps.net/forum/troubleshooting-hardware-devices-and-electronics-theory/troubleshooting-desktop-motherboards-graphics-cards-and-pc-peripherals/bios-schematic-requests/96303-hp-t730-password-locked-bios in the rom rcvry socket under a delicate thin narrow surface flap]) with ch341a alike switchable from 5v, 3.3v to 1.8v | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{partial|Storage bios option to IDE and not AHCI to prevent constant install error messages to DH0: - add noacpi to end of grub boot line - 1 M.2 SATA slot (Key B+M) up to 2280 with T8 torx secure stub}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use VESA for non-vulkan Radeon R7 GCN 2 UVD4.2 Sea Islands with 4 dp outs '''but too easy bricking''' if swapping with 1 PCIe 3.0 x8 slot 30W slim factor low profile 8400gs gt210 nvs295 nvs310 gt1030}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDaudio 6.34 realtek alc221 codec thru case speaker only}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|'''Works''' for 4 USB2 in the back with 2 in the front, 2 USB3.0 ports on front and 1 more internal (not bootable)}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG set up first in Prefs/Network}} | <!--Test Distro-->boots with AROS One 32bit and 64bit USB with added noacpi added to grub boot line - press e - Latest distros can select grub boot options with Aros One 64bit USB and Aros One USB 2.8 but system seems to freeze after choice | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR3L sodimm stacked slots max 32GB - '''Larger''' 20cm/8" high 3.5ltr case noisy fan - TPM2 - esc/F9 boot selector F10 enter bios - 2 serial and 1 parallel old ports - Key E Wireless - PCIe slot (x16 physical, x8 electrical) - 19.5V 4.36A 85w TPC-LA561 HP 7.4mm black-ring-tip power plug, red flashing power button, wrong psu or bad MotherBoard MB - |- | <!--Name-->HP t630 Thin Client TPC-I020-TC *AMD Embedded G-Series SoC GX-420GI quad core 2Ghz | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|ahci.device mbr msdos partiton table for 2 Sata M.2, sata0 up to 2280 (1tb max), sata1 2242 (64gb max), both T8 torx secure stubs}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|use VESA for Radeon AMD Wani R7E with 2 displayport 1.2 sockets, use one nearest to power jack - no dvi / hdmi}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio 6.36 0x1022, 0x157a and ALC255 aka ALC3234 codec 0x10ec, 0x0255, pins 0x17 as LFE and 0x1b as int speaker but not ahi 6.34}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2 2 front and 2 rear, 2 front USB3 and 1 inside}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111H}} | <!--Test Distro-->AROS One USB 2.2, 2.8 and 64bit USB 1.0, 1.2 with noacpi added to the end of the grub bootline (press e) | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR4 SODIMMs side by side speed 1866Mhz limit - 19.5V 3.33A 65W TPC-BA54 Coax male 7.4mm with centre pin - can be easily bricked, might reflash bios with M40 SP149736 - 20cm/8" high 1.5ltr larger fanless case - esc f1 f9 f10 - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq Elite 7200 7300 8200 8300 SFF with kettle IEC psu cable | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE ata legacy only in BIOS}} | <!--Gfx-->i pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|8200 works}} | <!--USB-->{{yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel or Broadcom}} | <!--Test Distro-->icaros 2.3 | <!--Comments-->2013 64bit dual core - add pci-e rtl8169 ethernet card and pci-e gf210 nvidia low height - |- | <!--Name-->HP Compaq Pro 6305 Small Form Factor SFF AMD A75 chipset (FCH 6 SATA 6 Gb/s, 4 USB 3.0) *AMD Quad A10-5800B *AMD A8-5500B *AMD Dual A6-5400B *AMD A4-5300B | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 7000 Terascale iGPU series Radeon HD 7660D, Radeon HD 7560D, Radeon HD 7540D, Radeon HD 7480D | <!--Audio-->HD ALC221 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom 5761}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Elitedesk 705 G1 - SFF *AMD A10-8850B, Quad-Core A10 PRO-7850B, A10-8750B *AMD A10-7800B, A10 PRO-6800B, A8-7600B *AMD A8-8650B, A6-8550B *AMD A6-8350B, Dual A6 PRO 7400B, A4-7300B | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA 2D with Radeon R7 or 8000}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD audio with Realtek ALC221 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom or Intel}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2014 64bit - T15 security torx psu with 6pin PWR 200W connector - |- | <!--Name-->HP EliteDesk 705 G2, 705 G3 Mini PC USFF thin client | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2.5in and m.2 | <!--Gfx-->Radeon R7 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom BCM5762 GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2014 64bit AM4 socket with 35W TDP A10-8770E (4c), AMD PRO A6-8570E (2c), AMD Pro A6-9500E, or AMD PRO A10-9700E on AMD B300 FCH - ddr4 sodimm slots - 77 x 175 x 34mm (6.97 x 6.89 x 1.34in) 1L and about 3lbs - |- | <!--Name-->HP EliteDesk 705 G4 Mini 1ltr USFF AMD Ryzen 3 2200G (4c t) or 5 2400G (4c t) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Nvme 2280 and 2.5in sata}} | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 thru DP1.2 port | <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio Conexant codec}} | <!--USB-->USB2 usb3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 realtek | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit Am4 socket - 2 sodimm 16GB max - 19.5v hp socket ext psu - |- | <!--Name-->Elitedesk 705 G4 35w, HP Prodesk 405 G4 35W USFF - baseboard 83e9 35W - AMD Athlon PRO 200GE (2c 4t), 2200GE (4c t) or 2400GE (4c t) on AMD B350 FCH | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|Nvme 2280 and older models 2.5in sata}} | <!--Gfx-->Vega 3, 8 or 11 with 2 dp1.2 ports | <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio with Conexant CX20632 codec}} | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111EPH 1Gbe or Realtek RTL8111F | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2017 64bit - realtek wifi 8821 or 8822 - up to 1 ddr4 dimm slots - hp barrel external ac - |- | <!--Name-->Elitedesk 705 G5, HP Elitedesk 806 G6, Prodesk 405 G6 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->2x NVMe or 1x SATA + 1x NVMe, but not all three drives at the same time without serious modding of hd caddie || <!--Gfx-->Vega with DP1.4 port || <!--Audio-->{{no|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3205 codec}} || <!--USB-->USB3 || <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - 3400GE Ryzen 5 PRO 3350GE (4c 8t), Ryzen 3 PRO 3200GE 3150GE (4c 4t), AMD Athlon Silver PRO 3125GE (2c 4t) on AMD PRO 565 |- | <!--Name-->HP t540 1ddr4 slot, t640 2 DDR4 SDRAM sodimm SO-DIMM 260-pin non-ECC max 32gb thin client USFF | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 NVM Express (NVMe) 2230 or 2280 | <!--Gfx-->Vega 3 VGA, DisplayPort | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->2 USB3 gen1 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek Realtek RTL8111HSH or RTL8111E PH-CG | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2019 64bit ryzen r1000 series Ryzen Embedded R1305G 1.5 GHz, R1505G dual (2c 4t) 2.0Ghz or R1606G ?.?Ghz (2c4t) - Realtek RTL8852AE wifi - 45W psu Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - |- | <!--Name-->HP t740 SFF Thin Client | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 M.2, one is sata and other nvme | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 DisplayPort or + optional pci-e 30W Radeon E9173 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E PH-CG 1Gbe | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - Ryzen Embedded V1756B 3.25Ghz quad - 90W 19.5V 4.62A psu Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - sodimm DDR4 max 64Gb - slightly noisy fan - |- | <!--Name-->HP EliteDesk 805 G6 Mini 4750GE (8t 16t), Prodesk 405 G6 Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE (6c 12t) or Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE (4c 8t) on AMD PRO 565 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2.5in carrier and 2 slots m.2 nvme | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 with DP1.4 and HDMI flex io2 output options | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC3205 codec | <!--USB-->4 usb a - gen 2 10gig and gen 1 5gig ports | <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit AMD Ryzen 4000 SBC unlocked - 2 sodimm ddr4 slots - wifi6 - 90W ac - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- |} ====Lenovo==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Lenovo Nettop IdeaCentre Q150 (40812HU) | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->ION2 | <!--Audio--> realtek codec | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->intel 10/100 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit D510 |- | <!--Name-->M625q Tiny (1L) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->M.2 Sata | <!--Gfx-->Stoney Radeon R2, R3 or R4 and later R5 with 2 dp ports | <!--Audio-->HD audio with ALC233-VB2-CG codec 0x10EC 0x0233 | <!--USB-->{{No|3 usb3.1 Gen 1 and 3 usb2}} | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 RTL8111 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit all dual cores - e2-9000e or a4-9120e later A9-9420e - heatsink covers 70% area covers wifi - 65w or 135w lenovo rectangle ac - 1 ddr4 2666MHz slot max 8gb - tpm 2.0 - |- | <!--Name-->M715q Gen 1 AMD A6 A8 A10-9700E 9770E (2c2t) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->m.2 | <!--Gfx-->R4 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->M715q Gen 2 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400GE 4C 8T | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->m.2 | <!--Gfx-->Vega 11 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - f1 enter setup, esc device boot - fixed 1.8v ch341a needed to reflash 1.8v bios if no boot SOP8 DIP8 Winbond W25Q64, MXIC MX25U1635, MX25U6435 - |- | <!--Name-->ThinkCenter M75n nano Ryzen3 3300U | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->ThinkCentre M75q M75q-1 Tiny 1ltr TMM *AMD Ryzen 5 PRO Quad 3500 Pro 3400GE (4c 8t) 11a5 soe400 *AMD 3200GE (2c 4t) zen1+ 11a4 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|NVMe 2280 1Tb max - untested 2.5inch}} | <!--Gfx-->Vega 11 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek ALC222-CG codec ALC3287 | <!--USB-->3 USB3 Gen 1 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2019 64bit - 65w 20v 3.25A to 135W rectangle psu - 2 sodimm ddr4 sodimm max 32GB locked 2666MHz - |- | <!--Name-->ThinkCentre Ryzen 7 PRO Tiny 1ltr Gen 2 AMD 4000 series *AMD 4650GE (6c12t) 4750GE (8c16t) 4350G (4c8t) Zen2 - | <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|NVme}} | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8169 8111 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit vendor locked - 20v psu - 2 sodimm - |- | <!--Name-->Thinkcenter M75q-2 Gen2 refresh | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->m.2 nvme | <!--Gfx-->Radeon Vega | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->1GigE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 5650GE (6c12t) 5750GE (8c16t) - vendor/PSB can lock your AMD CPU - f12 boot devices |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Thinkcentre M75q Tiny Gen5 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} | <!--SATA-->2 NVMe | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 780M dp1.4a or hdmi | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec | <!--USB-->USB3 usb-c | <!--Ethernet-->1GBe port | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2024 Ryzen PRO 7 8700GE - 90W yellow rectangle connector psu - 2 DDR5 sodimm slots max 128Gb - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |} ====Misc==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->Impart impact Media Group IQ Box mini Digital Signage with MB896 mini itx | <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->GMA 915 gme | <!--Audio--> via audio | <!--USB-->{{yes| }} | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - 1 ddr2 slot - pentium m 1.73GHz - |- | <!--Name-->[https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_cd_1.83-specs.html Apple A1176 Intel MacMini1,1] | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{unk|gpt/efi }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|gma950 2d and 3d}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ICH7 [https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+question/186749 Sigmatel Stac 9221] [https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-wear-5.1.1_r0.6/sound/pci/hda/patch_sigmatel.c codec][https://alsa-devel.alsa-project.narkive.com/Yt20W6cE/sigmatel-stac9221-mux-amp-out-0x02-microphone-not-working mic]}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2006 32bit possible 1.83 GHz Intel “Core Duo” (T2400) - swap pci-e wifi for atheros 5k AR5007EG - maybe hack with a 2,1 firmware - max 4GB Ram ddr2 sodimms - external apple psu - dvd boot only with c key - |- | <!--Name-->[https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-2-duo-1.83-specs.html Apple A1176 Intel Mac Mini2,1] | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{unk|gpt/efi }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|gma950 2d and 3d}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio with ICH7 Sigmatel Stac 9221 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell}} | <!--Test Distro-->Aros One 2.0/ Icaros | <!--Comments-->2007 64bit - swap pci-e wifi for atheros 5k AR5007EG - hacked with a 2,1 firmware and replaced the cpu for T7600 2.33 Ghz C2D and max 4GB Ram ddr2 sodimms - external apple psu - dvd boot only via c key |- | <!--Name-->Apple iMac 5,1 "Core 2 Duo" 1.83GHz 17" T5600 MA710LL || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->GMA 950 with 64Mb || <!--Audio-->HDAudio idt codec || <!--USB-->3 USB2 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 667MHz sodimm slots - 17.0" TFT widescreen 1440x900 - polycarbonate |- | <!--Name-->Apple iMac 6,1 "Core 2 Duo" 2.16 2.33 24" only T7400 T7600 aka MA456LL/A A1200 (EMC 2111) || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Nvidia 7300GT with 128 MB of GDDR3 SDRAM PCI Express or GeForce 7600GT with 256Mb mini dvi, vga || <!--Audio-->HDAudio || <!--USB-->3 USB2 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 667MHz sodimm slots - 24.0" TFT widescreen 1920 x 1200 - polycarbonate plastic case iMacs of this generation are the most difficult iMacs to service due to their front bezel design |- | <!--Name-->Neoware CA2 | <!--IDE-->flash DOM | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->S3 Inc ProSavage PM133 (rev 02) vga | <!--Audio-->VIA VT82C686 AC97 Audio | <!--USB-->USB | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8139 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2003 32bit - VIA Ezra 800MHz - 2 PC100 sodimm slots - riser board carries an ISA slot and a PCI slot - external 12V power supply.with 4 pins - |- | <!--Name-->Neoware CA5 Capio One | <!--IDE-->44pin Disk On Module DOM | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->SiS550 vga | <!--Audio-->AC97 with SiS7019 codec | <!--USB-->USB1.1 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8139 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2004 32bit - internal power supply with mains lead has a "clover leaf" style - 2 144-pin PC100 or PC133 SODIMM might have 24MB of RAM soldered - |- | <!--Name-->Neoware CA10 *E140 model BL-XX-XX (800MHz CPU) later *E100 model BK-XX-XX (1GHz CPU) | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->VIA VT8623 (Apollo CLE266) vga | <!--Audio-->AC97 with | <!--USB-->4 USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102/VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 74) | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2004/5 32bit - 12v 5.5mm/2.1mm - 2 184-pin DDR DIMM - |- | <!--Name-->VXL Itona thin client *TC3200, *TC3x41 (P3VB-VXL) TC3541 TC3641 TC3841, *TC3xx1 (6VLE-VXL0) TC3931, *TC43xx (Gigabyte C7V7VX) TC4321 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->VIA vga | <!--Audio-->AC'97 Audio with VIA VT | <!--USB-->VIA USB | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8100B | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2005 2006 32bit VIA Samuel 2, VIA C3 Nehamiah CPU, 1 DIMM slot, internal psu, |- | <!--Name-->Neoware Capio C50, model CA15 Thin Clients] *Login Administrator Password Administrator *Login User Password User | <!--IDE-->1 flash Disk On Module | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->VIA VT8623 (Apollo CLE266) vga | <!--Audio-->AC97 with via codec | <!--USB-->USB | <!--Ethernet-->VIA | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2006 32bit VIA Eden (Samuel II core) CPU - 1 ddr sodimm slot max 512mb - slot - internal psu clover leaf - |- | <!--Name-->[http://etoy.spritesmind.net/neowareca21.html Neoware CA21 Thin Clients] Igel 3210 (and maybe the Clientron G270) *Login Administrator Password Administrator *Login User Password User | <!--IDE-->1 flash Disk On Module DOM | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->VIA CN700 vga | <!--Audio-->AC97 with via codec | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->VIA | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2007 32bit VIA C3 Nehemiah instead of Ezra-T - made 2 version of the CA 21, one with an Award bios and one with a Phoenix bios - 1 ddr2 sodimm slot max 1gb - VT6656 wireless - slot - internal psu iec - |- | <!--Name-->Neoware CA22 (e140), part number DD-L2-GE with BCOM WinNET P680 (V4) as the Igel 4210LX (Igel 5/4) | <!--IDE-->1 VIA VT82C586A/B VT82C686/A/B VT823x/A/C PIPC Bus Master IDE (rev 06) | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->VIA CN700 P4M800 Pro CE VN800 Graphics [S3 UniChrome Pro] (rev 01) vga | <!--Audio-->AC97 with codec | <!--USB-->USB2 VIA VT8237R Plus | <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6102/VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 78) | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2007 32bit - VIA Esther to later C7 1GHz - 1 ddr2 sodimm slots max 512mb - +12V DC/4.16A/50W 5.5mm/2.1mm coaxial - |- | <!--Name-->10Zig RBT402, Clientron U700, | <!--IDE-->{{Yes|44 pin header very little room}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Partial|VESA dvi}} | <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 with codec}} | <!--USB-->{{unk|VIA }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2008 32bit - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 3a psu - Password Fireport |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Dell Optiplex FX170 D05U thin client, 10Zig 56xx range 5602, 5616v, 5617v, 5672v, Clientron U800, Devon IT TC5, | <!--IDE-->{{Yes|44 pin header very little room}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Gfx-->{{partial|GMA 950 dvi}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Broadcom}} | <!--Test Distro-->Icaros 2.3 | <!--Comments-->2009 32bit - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 ddr2 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 3a psu - Password Fireport - ps2 keyboard socket - |- | <!--Name-->10Zig RBT-616V or Chip PC Technologies EX-PC (model number XPD4741) | <!--IDE-->{{unk|44 pin header very little room}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A|}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA 950}} | <!--Audio-->{{unk|HD Audio with codec}} | <!--USB-->{{unk| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|rtl8169}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2010 32bit N270 on NM10 with ICH7 - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 4a psu - Password Fireport |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte Brix GS-A21S-RH (rev. 1.0) SFF | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|X3100}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio with ALC883-GR codec}} | <!--USB-->Intel USB | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82566DC}} | <!--Test Distro-->ICAROS 2.3 | <!--Comments-->2009 64bit Intel GME965 chipset with Intel ICH8M - 2 DDR2 Dimm slots - GA-6KIEH2-RH Rev.1.x mini ITX Case 213mm(D) x 64mm(W) x 234mm(H) - custom psu - |- | <!--Name-->VXL Itona MD+24 MD27 MD54 MD64 MD76 thin client | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->VIA Chrome 9 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA VT | <!--USB-->VIA | <!--Ethernet-->VIA | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2009 32bit VIA X2 U4200 - 12v-19v barrel psu - |- | <!--Name-->Acer Revo 100 RL100 AMD Athlon II X2 K325 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® ION™ 9300m || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC662 codec || <!--USB-->USB2 1 front 2 back || <!--Ethernet-->NVIDIA nForce 10/100/1000 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2010 64bit but no AVX - 4Gb DDR3 sodimm - 500 GB - 19v 3.42a 65W - dvd but later BD drive - |- | <!--Name-->Asrock ION 330 330Pro HT-BD, Foxconn NT-330i, Zotac ION F (IONITX mini itx), | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ION geforce 9400}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|Nvidia USB}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Nvidia }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2010 32bit slow atom cpu - 2.5L 8" by 8" plastic case - 2 ddr2 sodimm max 4G - external 19v 65W 3.42A Plug 5.5mm X 2.5mm - little whiny fan - |- | <!--Name-->Zotac ZBOXHD-ND01 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->ION1 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->NVidia | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2009 32bit |- | <!--Name-->Zotac ZBOX HD-ID11 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->ION2 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC888 codec | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111D | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2010 |- | <!--Name-->ZOTAC ZBOX Blu-ray 3D ID36 Plus | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->sata | <!--Gfx-->ION2 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->2 USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->GbE | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Shuttle XS35GT || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ION || <!--Audio-->HD audio IDT92HD81 || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|JMC261}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - Atom™ D510 NM10 - DDR2 |- | <!--Name-->Shuttle XS35GT V2 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ION2 || <!--Audio-->HD audio IDT92HD81 || <!--USB-->Intel || <!--Ethernet-->{{No|JMC251}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit Atom™ D525 NM10 chipset - DDR3 |- | <!--Name-->Sapphire Edge-HD || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->ION2 GT218 with vga and hdmi || <!--Audio-->HDAudio realtek codec || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{Unk|Realtek}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit - Atom™ D510 NM10 - DDR2 65 W AC, DC 19V~3.42A, 19.3L x 14.8w x 2.2H cm (1l), weight 530g, |- | <!--Name-->Sapphire Edge-HD2 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE mode}} || <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|nouveau ION2 GT218 with vga and hdmi 2d and 3d}} || <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HDAudio}} || <!--USB-->{{Yes|Intel USB2}} || <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2011 64bit Atom™ D525 NM10 chipset - DDR3 |- | <!--Name-->AOPEN Digital Engine DE67-HA(I) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| Vesa 2d for Intel HD}} | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio for ALC662 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|usb3}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel WG82579LM}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2011 |- | <!--Name-->[https://www.jetwaycomputer.com/JBC600C99352W.html Jetway JBC600C99352W] | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->ION2 | <!--Audio-->{{No|C-Media CM108AH}} | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111DL | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2011 64bit D525 - DDR3 - 12v psu |- | <!--Name-->Foxconn nT-A3550 A3500 AMD A45 Chipset DDR3 Nettop Barebones - White | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 slot | <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon HD6310 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->4 USB2 back and 2 USB3 front | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD Dual-core E350 1.6GHz CPU - 1 ddr3 sodimm - |- | <!--Name-->Asus EeeBox PC EB1021 || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD6320M || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC codec || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE1 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit - AMD® Brazos E-350 SFF or E-450 with A50M - 2 ddr3l so-dimm - 40W ac - |- | <!--Name-->Xi3 Piston PC Athlon64 X2 3400e (X5A), AMD R-464L quad (X7A) Z3RO NUC | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->AMD mobility HD3650 to radeon HD 7660G | <!--Audio--> codec | <!--USB-->4 USB2 3 USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros AR8161}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 - 2 sodimm 8GB max - 19v 3.3a round - Titan105 bios update - |- | <!--Name-->Sapphire Edge-HD3 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD6320M with vga and hdmi || <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC662 codec || <!--USB-->USB2 || <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE1 || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD® Brazos E-450 with A45M - ddr3l so-dimm - 65W ac - Wireless is Realtek 8191SU WiFi (802.11n) or AzureWave (802.11bgn) - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->Samsung Syncmaster Thin Client Display TC-W Series 24" LF24 TOWHBFM/EN TC220W LED LF22TOW HBDN/EN || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->8gb SSD || <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe| VESA mode only Radeon HD 6290}} || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB-->2 USB 2.0 || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 thin Client C-50 C50 AMD® 1000 MHz and no wireless |- | <!--Name-->Advantech TPC-2140 thin client | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 atom-like G-T56E 1.65Ghz up to SSE3, BGA413 soldered - |- | <!--Name-->CompuLab FIT-PC3 fitPC3 USFF PC AMD G-T56N || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} || <!--Gfx-->RADEON HD 6320 || <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio ALC888 codec}} || <!--USB-->{{yes| }} || <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 8111}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2012 64 bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 12v 3a - 2x sodimm DDR3 max 4GB - wifi rtl8188ce |- | <!--Name-->10Zig 6872 thin client | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA }} | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 atom-like G-T56N up to SSE3 BGA413 (FT1) soldered - DDR3l single channel - |- | <!--Name-->10ZiG Technology 9972 1.6 GHz Linux 1.47 kg Black RX-216GD thin client | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon 5E 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz to 2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz 2 x Display Port | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->6 x USB2.0 2 x USB3.0 | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD RX-216TD - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm |- | <!--Name-->10ZiG 7800q thin client | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->AMD Radeon 5E 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz to 2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz 2 x Display Port | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->6 x USB2.0 2 x USB3.0 | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD GX-424CC (Quad Core) 2.4GHz BGA769 (FT3b) - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm |- | <!--Name--> *Itona VXL MZE12 AMD a4-5000 thin client *VXL Itona LQ27 LQ+27 LQ44 LQ+44 LQ49 LQ+49 LQ50 LQ+50 LQ64 LQ+64 thin client | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Ati 8330 vga hdmi dp | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->4 usb2 2 usb3 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2014 64bit quad BGA769 (FT3) soldered - 2 stacked sodimm ddr3 middle of mobo - 2 m.2 sata slots - 1 sata short cable half size space - limited 1ltr 8in case no fan - 19v hp style psu connector - |- | <!--Name-->Dell Wyse 5212 21.5" AIO Thin Client W11B | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->Sata | <!--Gfx-->R3 out from DP or vga | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2015 64bit slow atom like dual core AMD G-T48E 1.4 GHz - dell type round ac needed 90W 19.5V 4.62A - 21 inch 1080p screen - |- | <!--Name-->LG 24CK560N-3A 24' All-in-One Thin Client Monitor, 27CN650N-6N 27CN650W-AC 27', 34CN650W-AC 34', | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AMD Prairie Falcon GX-212JJ |- | <!--Name-->CompuLab fit-PC4 fitPC4 4x 2Ghz AMD || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel}} || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2018 64 - 2x DDR4 sodimm - |- | <!--Name-->IGEL Hedgehog M340C UD3 thin client *2016 V1.0 AMD GX-412HC 1.2GHz-1.6GHz Radeon R3E, normal bios DEL for Bios or F12 boot selector *2018 AMD GX-424CC 2.4GHz, Radeon R5E, UEFI hit DEL and choose boot or SCU icon | <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} | <!--SATA-->SATA half slim version '''limited space''' with msata 8+18pins slot on earlier 2016 models | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|VESA for Radeon R3E later R5E sea islands vulkan 1.2 with dvi dp output}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with codec ?? (412) and Realtek ALC662-VD0-GR (424), both case speaker}} | <!--USB-->amd usb3 boot usb2 with bios "disable usb" entry | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111 (412) and (424)}} | <!--Test Distro-->Aros One x86 USB 1.5, 1.8 and 2.2 but ArosOne 64bit 1.2 boot loop in usb2 port | <!--Comments-->2016 64bit - 20cm/8" high case - 1 DDR3L sodimm slot max 8Gb 1600MHz - external '''12V 3A''' supply with 5.5mm/2.1mm coaxial - IDE like interface under base stand is for legacy addon ports RS232 parallel etc - capacitive touch power on - case opening 3 stages, remove stand and narrow black plastic strip from the back, top cover slides off to the back and lifts off - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->10ZiG 6148v 6048qv (6100 series) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} | <!--USB-->{{No| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018 64bit AMD Ryzen V1202B |- | <!--Name-->10ZiG 7111q | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{maybe| }} | <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2019 64bit AMD Ryzen R2514 2.1 GHz - |- | <!--Name-->Shuttle DA320 | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->R3 R5 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC662 codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->dual realtek 1GbE 8111H | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit AMD 2200G 2400G - Robust metal 1.3-liter case - A320 chipset DDR4 - 19V 6.32A DC PSU - |- | <!--Name-->IGEL UD7 H850C around december 2019 '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->None but 8gb emmc | <!--Gfx-->Vega 3 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec | <!--USB-->USB 3.2 and 2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options |- | <!--Name-->IGEL UD7 H860C - '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->None but 8gb emmc | <!--Gfx-->Vega 3 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec | <!--USB-->USB 3.2 and 2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options |- | <!--Name-->IGEL UD3 M350C (UEFI issues) | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->None but 8gb emmc | <!--Gfx-->Vega 3 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec | <!--USB-->USB 3.2 and 2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ R R1505G Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options |- | <!--Name-->IGEL UD7 H860C AMD Ryzen V1605B Thin Client - '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2020 AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V1605B 2 – 3.6 GHz (Quad-Core) - 12v 5A psu - up to 16GB RAM DDR4 - locked down components and very limited expansion options |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte Brix Barebone Mini PC BSRE-1605 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 M.2 | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC269 codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->2 GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2020 64bit AMD Ryzen V1605B - 2 DDR4 sodimm slots |- | <!--Name-->MINISFORUM Deskmini UM250 Mini PC | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2020 64bit AMD Ryzen V1605B - |- | <!--Name-->T-Bao MN25 Mini PC 2500U | <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} | <!--SATA-->{{Unk|Intel NVMe}} | <!--Gfx-->{{No|VESA Radeon Vega 8}} | <!--Audio-->{{Unk| }} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek PCIe 1GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Atari VCS || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3}} || <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} || <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2021 64bit Ryzen Embedded R1606G - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - |- | <!--Name-->Minis Forum M200 Silver Athlon M300 3300U | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Minis Forum DeskMini UM300 3300U, UM350 DMAF5 3550H, UM370 and UM700 with 3750H | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit |- | <!--Name-->MinisForum X300 with AMD 3400G | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Beelink SER3 GTR4 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega 3 or 10 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RJ45 1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2020 64bit 3200u or 3750h |- | <!--Name-->AsRock DeskMini X300 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2020 Ryzen 7 Pro 4750G 5600G |- | <!--Name-->MinisForum Besstar Tech X400 with AMD 4650G | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->AMD | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit - MP1584 - kill NB679 NB679GD-Z=ALTM=AL** QFN-12 IC-REG-DL buck/linear synchronous chip IC with bad usb cables - |- | <!--Name-->Beelink SER4 GTR5 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->cant boot from installed SSDs unless its an M.2 | <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3}} | <!--Ethernet-->1 or 2 Realtek | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2021 64bit 4700U or 5900HX |- | <!--Name-->MSI PRO DP20Z 5M Mini PC - AMD Ryzen 5 5300G | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2018-2021 R3 3200G Vega 8 - R5 3400G Vega 11 - Ryzen 5 5600G Vega 7 - Athlon 3000G |- | <!--Name-->Minisforum UM450 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->Vega | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - Ryzen 4500U - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte Brix GB-BRR7-4800 (rev. 1.0) GB-BRR7-4700 (rev. 1.0) GB-BRR5-4500 (rev. 1.0) GB-BRR3-4300 (rev. 1.0) | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|}} | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->ASUS PN50 mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 4700U | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Vega | <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe|3.1 gen1}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|realtek 2.5GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->ASUS PN51-S1 mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 5700U | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->Vega thru dp or hdmi | <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe|3.1 gen1}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|realtek 2.5GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 19v or 19.5v 90w psu round barrel - 32gb ddr4 sodimm - |- | <!--Name-->Minis Forum Bessstar Tech EliteMini B550 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 x 2.5in and 2 nvme | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|4 usb3.1}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|realtek 8125 2.5GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit AMD 4700G 5700G desktop cpu - 19v 120w round barrel - |- | <!--Name-->ASRock A300 and later X300 Mini itx with Desktop AM4 socket | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->Vega | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->1GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - choose your own AMD APU GE 35w based - DDR4 - |- | <!--Name-->ASRock 4x4 BOX-5800U Zen 3-based AMD Ryzen 7 5800U 15W - | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->m.2 slot gen 3 and sata | <!--Gfx-->vega | <!--Audio-->HD audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe|}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|1 GbE and 1 2.5GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - WiFi 6E - |- | <!--Name-->Topton S500+ Gaming Mini PC - Morefine S500+ 5900HX Mini PC - Minisforum UM590 Ryzen AMD Zen3 Ryzen 9 5900HX 7 5800H 45W - | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 nvme 1 sata | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 thru HDMI 2.0, DP 1.4, and USB type-C | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->{{maybe|usb3.1}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|1 realtek rtl 8111h and 1 8125 2.5GbE bg-cg}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - 2 sodimm ddr4 3200MHz - |- | <!--Name-->Chuwi RzBox later Ubox | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 nvme | <!--Gfx-->Vega 8 later to 660m vga, dp, hdmi | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->{{maybe|usb-c usb2}} | <!--Ethernet-->dual gigabit | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 2025 64bit amd 5800h 4800h 6600H - 90w psu - |- | <!--Name-->Beelink Mini PC SER5, Trigkey AZW S5, Asus PN52, ZHI BEN MX-JB560, | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->PCIe3 M.2 2280 nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD Vega 6 with 1 or 2 hdmi | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB3.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 5500U 5560u 5600U to PRO 5600H 5800H - 19v 3.42W 65W psu - |- | <!--Name-->NIPOGI Kamrui ACEMAGICIAN AM06PRO Dual LAN Mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 5800U, 5 5500U or 5600U/5625U | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->M.2 and 2.5in sata | <!--Gfx-->Vega 7 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->2 GbE ports | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - plastic build - 90w usb-c power - loud at 25W setting - |- | <!--Name-->Topton FU02 Fanless Mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 4700U 5600U 5800U 8 Core 16 Threads | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe and 2.5in sata | <!--Gfx-->Vega | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->4 3.0 with 2 2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->2 x 1G | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64 - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - fanless with copper cube from cpu to metal sheet which gets warm |- | <!--Name-->Xuu XR1 Lite (5300u 4c 8t) PRO 5400U MAX 5600U | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 NVMe 2242 slot | <!--Gfx-->Vega 6 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->2 3.0 | <!--Ethernet-->1G | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64 quiet fan - very small case no expansions - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->MINISFORUM UM690 Venus Series | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->pcie4 nvme 2280 and 1 sata3 2.5in | <!--Gfx-->680m RNDA2 12CU with 2 hdmi | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe|1 USB4 and 2 USB3.2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|2.5G LAN}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 6900hx 8C16T - 2 ddr5 sodimmm - 19v ???W - |- | <!--Name-->Beelink Mini PC GTR6 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->PCIe4 | <!--Gfx-->AMD 680M RDNA2 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB-->USB3.2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 2.5GbE or intel i225}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit Ryzen 9 6900HX Zen3+ and a 2gb Radeon 680m 12CU ddr5 sodimm - 19v 120w psu - |- | <!--Name-->Asus PN53, Geekom AS 6, | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->pcie gen4 nvme and ata 2.5in | <!--Gfx-->680m RNDA2 12CU with 2 hdmi and 1 dp | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe|2 usb-c, 2 USB2.1 and 3 USB3.2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|1G LAN}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit 6900hx 8C 16T - 2 slots ddr5 sodimmm (64Gb max) - 19v 120W - 4 retained base screws beware ribbon cable - |- | <!--Name-->Micro Computer (HK) Tech Ltd MinisForum UM773 Lite later UM750L slim, GMKtec K2 Mini PC | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe PCIe4.0 | <!--Gfx-->RDNA | <!--Audio-->HD Audio | <!--USB-->USB4 | <!--Ethernet-->2.5GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2023 2025 64bit - AMD Zen 3+ (8c 16t) Ryzen 7 7735HS, 7840HS and AMD Ryzen 9 7845HX AMD Ryzen™5 7545U (6c12t) - 19v up to 120w ac adapter - ddr5 sodimm 4800Mhz - |- | <!--Name-->[https://www.asrockind.com/en-gb/4x4 ASrock 4x4 SBC] | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->sata or nvme | <!--Gfx-->Vega or 680M | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 or USB4 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 1GbE or intel 2.5GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Beelink Mini PC GTR7 SER7 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->PCIe4 nvme 2280 up to 2Tb | <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M RDNA3 GPU output on hdmi and dp | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3.2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|1 or 2 2.5GbE}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2023 64bit AMD Phoenix APUs Zen 4 CPU Ryzen 7 7840HS or 9 7940HS (8c 16t) - 19v 5.26A 120w psu - del dios setup f7 choose boot - 2 usb-c on back - up to 64gb via 2 ddr5 sodimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->MINISFORUM BD770i Ryzen 7 7745HX (8c16t) or BD795i SE 790i 9 7945HX (16c32t) or F1FXM_MB_V1.1 795M LGA1700 mATX | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 NVMe | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 610m over usb-c, dp or hdmi | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec | <!--USB-->USB3 with 2 rear USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 2.5G | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Opinion-->2024 mini-ITX M/B is the first MoDT (Mobile on Desktop) with soldered AMD CPU - 2 dual PCIe4.0 M.2 slots - 2 ddr5 sodimm slots max 5200Mhz - 8pin cpu power - battery not easily replaceable underneath - |- | <!--Name-->Minisforum ms-a1 MS-a2 * 5700G to 8700G apu * 9955HX | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 610M | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->dual 2.5GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2024 64bit - 19v ?A round barrel jack - 2 ddr5 so-dimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->AOOSTAR GT68 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->Nvme | <!--Gfx-->680m | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->2 2.5Gb | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 Ryzen7 Pro 6850H, |- | <!--Name-->NextSBC 7840HS | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->Nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M 12CU | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec | <!--USB-->USB4 and USB 3.2 | <!--Ethernet-->2 GbE | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - 32Gb soldered - |- | <!--Name-->Firebat A6 R7 6800H | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 680M | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Minisforum UM760 7640HS | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 760 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB4 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 and 2.5Gb | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Peladn WO4 Mini PC | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 760 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit 7640HS - 19v 5.26A 120W - |- | <!--Name-->BossGame M4 Neo 7840HS | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 780 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Minisforum UM870 || <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} || <!--SATA-->NVme || <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M || <!--Audio-->HDaudio || <!--USB-->USB3 || <!--Ethernet-->2.5GbE || <!--Test Distro--> || <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments |- | <!--Name-->GEEKOM A8 Max AI Mini PC AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS, Ryzen™ 7 8845HS or 8745HS | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 780M | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with codec | <!--USB-->{{maybe| USB4}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Dual 2.5 G Ethernet ports}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Beelink SER 9 | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVme | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 890M | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB4 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - Ryzen AI HX 370 strix point - |- | <!--Name-->GMKtec EVO-X2 mini pc | <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 8060S iGPU RDNA3.5 RADV GFX1151 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB4 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - amd ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16c32t) strix halo - |- | <!--Name-->BosGame M5 | <!--IDE-->{{n/a}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->AMD 8060S iGPU RDNA3.5 RADV GFX1151 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB-->USB4 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2025 64bit - amd ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16c32t) - |- | <!--Name-->Steam Machine GabeCube | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->semi-custom 1080p amd 7600m like with 28cu 8gb ddr6 gddr 10GFlops | <!--Audio-->hdaudio with codec | <!--USB-->usb3 | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments-->2026 64bit amd 1772 hawk point2 6c12t zen4 avx512 FP7 socket with FCH51 - 16gb ddr5 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |} ===Server Systems=== [[#top|...to the top]] ====IBM==== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" ! width="15%" |Name ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="10%" |Integrated Gfx ! width="10%" |Audio ! width="10%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="15%" |Test Distro ! width="20%" |Comments |- | <!--Name-->xSeries 206m | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ATI RN50b (VESA only)}} | <!--Audio-->{{n/a}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|USB 2.0 (UHCI/EHCI)}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom}} | <!--Test Distro-->Nightly Build 2014-09-27 | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- |} ===Motherboard=== [[#top|...to the top]] * Late 2002, USB2.0 added and slightly better AROS sound support (AC97) appeared * 2002-2005 and still, to a limited extent, ongoing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague bad capacitors] * Late 2003, ATX PSUs moved from 5V to 12v rails (extra 4pin on motherboard for CPU) * Late 2005, PCI Express replaced AGP and HDAudio replaced AC97 * Late 2007, ATX PSUs added extra 12V PCI-E connectors and 4+4pin for CPUs * Late 2010, USB3.0 appears on motherboards or needing a PCI-E motherboard slot * Late 2014 Hardware USB2 removed from USB3 chipsets ====AMD Sockets==== [[#top|...to the top]] =====Socket 7 (1997/1999)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->1997 VT82C586B (QFP-208) is the first from VIA with DDMA |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2000 VT82C686 has close to excellent DDMA support |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->SiS 5581/5582 SiS 5591/5595 SiS 530 /5595 SiS 600/5595 SiS 620/5595 |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} =====Socket A 462 (2001/4)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/motherboards/article.php/2217921/ABIT-NF7-S-nForce2-Motherboard-Review.htm Abit NF7-S] | <!--Chipset-->nForce 2 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->2 ports | <!--SATA-->SIL 3112A | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650 AC97 (Nvidia APU)}} | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL 8201LB | <!--Opinion-->Firewire Realtek RTL8801B |- | <!--Name-->ASRock K7NF2 | <!--Chipset-->nforce2 ultra 400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|AGP 8x}} | <!--Audio-->CMedia CMI 9761A AC'97 | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8201 | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASRock K7S8X | <!--Chipset-->SIS 746FX | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|AGP 8x}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC'97 cmedia}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB2.0 works but does not boot}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|SiS900}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASRock K7S41GX | <!--Chipset-->SIS 741GX + DDR 333 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|onboard sis does not work with vga or vesa but AGP 8x works}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 SIS 7012}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|USB2.0 works but does not boot}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|SiS 900}} | <!--Opinion-->works ok |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.asus.com ASUS A7N8X] | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->Silicon Image Sil 3112A | <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ac97 ALC650}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|ehci USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}} | <!--Opinion-->first total support for AROS in 2004/5 - damocles and M Schulz |- | <!--Name-->Biostar M7NCD | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650 AC97}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8201BL}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Chaintech 7NJS Ultra Zenith | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->Promise PDC 20376 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{yes|CMI8738}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->DFI Lanparty NF2 Ultra | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{no|via ac97 VT1616}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTL8139C | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ECS N2U400-A | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{no|Cmedia 9379A AC97}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|usb2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|VIA VT6103L}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA7N400L | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 Ultra 400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->1 AGP 8x slot | <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 ALC650}} | <!--USB-->2 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->RTL8100C | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.gigabyte.lv/products/page/mb/ga-8siml Gigabyte 8SIML] | <!--Chipset-->SIS 650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC'97}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|working}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Realtek RTL8100L LAN}} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Matsonic [http://www.elhvb.com/mobokive/archive/matsonic/manual/index.html Manuals] MS83708E | <!--Chipset-->SIS730 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|SiS 5513}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|sis 305 no support use VESA}} | <!--Audio-->{{no|sis7018}} | <!--USB-->{{no|SiS 7001 USB 1.1 only}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|SIS900}} | <!--Opinion-->little support |- | <!--Name-->[http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=bph07585&lc=en&dlc=en&cc=us&dest_page=softwareCategory&os=228&tool=softwareCategory&query=Pavilion%20742n&product=89232 MSI MS-6367 HP 722n 742n (Mambo) (2001/2)] | <!--Chipset-->Nvidia nforce 220D (2001/2) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->GeForce2 AGP works 2D nouveau only | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|AC97 ADI 1885 no volume control on Units 0-3}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 USB1.1 ports AMD based - front 2 ports iffy}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|nForce}} | <!--Opinion-->Tested 20th Aug 2012 NB |- | <!--Name-->MSI K7N2 [http://us.msi.com/index.php?func=proddesc&maincat_no=1&prod_no=546/ Delta ILSR] Delta-L | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 (2002/3) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|Primary & Secondary ports}} IDE Tertiary port (RAID) | <!--SATA-->2 ports (RAID) | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|when fitted with an agp video card}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ac97 ALC650}} | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}} | <!--Opinion-->runs AROS well. Tested with Icaros 1.2.3 |- | <!--Name-->MSI K7N2 Delta2-LSR Platinum | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 (2002/3) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|Primary & Secondary ports}} IDE Tertiary port (RAID) | <!--SATA-->2 ports (RAID) | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|when fitted with an agp video card}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|ac97 ALC655}} | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}} | <!--Opinion-->runs AROS well. Tested with Icaros 1.2.3 |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/motherboards/article.php/2204281/Soltek-SL-75MRN-L-nForce2-Motherboard-Review.htm Soltek 75FRN-L] | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|2 ports}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->AGP slot | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|2 usb2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek RTL8201BL}} | <!--Opinion-->good support |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.3dvelocity.com/reviews/mach4nf2ultra/mach4.htm XFX Pine Mach4 nForce2 Ultra 400] | <!--Chipset-->nForce2 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|3 ports}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2 ports VIA VT6240}} | <!--Gfx-->1 AGP 8x slot | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC650}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|2 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8201BL}} | <!--Opinion-->some support |- | <!--Name-->ASUS A7V266 | <!--Chipset-->via KT266A + 8233 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{no|issues}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot | <!--Audio-->AC97 with AD1980 codec | <!--USB-->via 8233 | <!--Ethernet-->VIA VT6103 | <!--Opinion-->2002 issues with booting |- | <!--Name-->Asus A7V8X-X | <!--Chipset-->VIA KT400 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{unk| }} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|agp}} | <!--Audio-->{{unk|AC97 with ADI AD1980 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{unk|VIA 8235}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|Realtek 10/100}} | <!--Opinion-->2003 not booting for Socket A for AMD Barton/Thoroughbred/Athlon XP/Athlon/Duron 2.25+ GHz CPU - 3 x DDR DIMM Sockets Max. 3 GB - |- |} =====Socket 754 (2004/5)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Abit NF8-V2 | <!--Chipset-->nForce3 250GB (2004/5) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|2 ports}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2 ports}} | <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot x8 | <!--Audio-->ALC658 ac97 | <!--USB-->{{yes|2 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8201C}} | <!--Opinion-->a little support but no Firewire VIA VT6306 |- | <!--Name-->Biostar CK8 K8HNA Pro | <!--Chipset-->nforce3 150 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->VT6420 thru ide legacy only | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{no|AC97 ALC655}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8110S | <!--Opinion-->Firewire VT6307 no |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.extremeoverclocking.com/reviews/motherboards/Chaintech_ZNF3-150_3.html Chaintech ZNF3-150 Zenith] | <!--Chipset-->nforce3 150 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->2 ports | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|Sli3114 SATA via IDE emul}} | <!--Gfx-->1 AGP slot | <!--Audio-->{{no|VIA Envy24PT (VT1720) + VT1616}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|2 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcom GbE 5788}} | <!--Opinion-->very little support needs PCI cards but no Firewire VIA VT6306 |- | <!--Name-->DFI Lanparty UT nF3 250GB | <!--Chipset-->nForce3 250gb | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->2 ports | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|2 ports nForce3 and 2 Marvell SATA PHY}} | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{yes|AC97 ALC850}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|2 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->CK8S - Winfast NF3 250K8AA works and Marvell 88E1111 does not work | <!--Opinion-->2005 some support but no Firewire VIA VT6307 |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-K8N | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA nForce3 150 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC658 AC97 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8100C | <!--Opinion-->Firewire TI43AB23 no |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte K8NNXP | <!--Chipset-->nForce3 150 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->Sata sil3512 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC658 AC97 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTl8110S | <!--Opinion-->Firewire TI STB82AA2 no |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-K8NSNXP | <!--Chipset-->nForce3 250GB | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->SiI 3512 CT128 Sata Sil3515 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC850 AC97 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvel 88E8001}} | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->MSI K8N Neo-FIS2R | <!--Chipset-->nVIDIA NF3-250Gb | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Realtek 7.1 AC'97 ALC850 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E1111}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->[http://techreport.com/articles.x/5748/1 Shuttle AN50R] | <!--Chipset-->nF3-150 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->Sil 3112 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC650 AC97 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia nF3 (10/100) Intel 82540EM Gigabit | <!--Opinion-->Firewire VT6307 no |- | <!--Name--> Foxconn WinFast K8S755A | <!--Chipset-->SiS755 + SiS964 (DDR333) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> {{yes|AC97}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> {{yes|RTL8169}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket 939 (2005)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus A8N-LA GeForce 6150 LE | <!--Chipset-->Geforce 6150 (MCP51) + nForce 430 (PC-3200) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|two ATA 133}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|four 3.0GB/s SATAII ports}} | <!--Gfx-->built in or PCI-E x16 | <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC883 HD Audio | <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL 8201CL | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus A8N-SLI Premium | <!--Chipset-->NVidia | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|PCIe slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|AC97}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|nForce LAN but not Marvell}} | <!--Opinion-->Works well |- | <!--Name-->DFI nF4 Ultra-D LanParty - Diamond Flower International sold to BenQ group 2010 | <!--Chipset-->nF4 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->2 ports | <!--SATA-->4 ports SATA 2 | <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe x16 slots | <!--Audio-->AC97 with ALC850 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Dual Gigabit Ethernet, PCIe by Vitesse VSC8201 PHY nee Cicada 8201, PCI by Marvel 88E8001 | <!--Opinion-->2006 64bit - Four 184-pin DDR Dual-Channel Slots - 1 pci on Ultra, 2 pci on sli, |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus A8V E SE | <!--Chipset-->VIA K8T890 +VT8237R CHIPSET ATX AMD Motherboard with Athlon 64 X2 / Athlon 64 FX / Athlon 64 | <!--ACPI-->{{N/A}} | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{N/A}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe}} AC97 driver using Realtek ALC850 codec | <!--USB-->{{Yes}} USB 2.0 only | <!--Ethernet-->{{No}} Marvell 88E8053 | <!--Opinion-->Good base but needs additional PCI cards added for better support |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASUS A8V Deluxe (2004) | <!--Chipset-->VIA K8T800 Pro (DDR400) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->Promise 20378 2 ports | <!--SATA-->2 SATA2 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{no|VIA VT8233A 8235 8237 AC97}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Marvell 88E8001 Gigabit}} | <!--Opinion-->needs extra PCI cards |- |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Test Distro--> | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->AsRock 939Dual-SATA2 | <!--Chipset-->Ali Uli M1695 PCIe with M1567 AGP | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->2 ports | <!--SATA-->1 Sata with JMicron JMB360 chip | <!--Gfx-->1 pci-e and 1 agp | <!--Audio-->AC97 with ALC850 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8201CL PHY ULi 10/100 | <!--Opinion-->64bit pci-e and agp combo on board - 4 ddr slots - |} =====Socket AM2 (2006/8) and AM2+ (2007-2010) ===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M61PME-S2 (rev. 2.x) | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA® GeForce 6100 / nForce 430 chipset | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d for vga}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio Realtek ALC662 Audio Codec}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus M2N61-AR mini itx | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA nForce 430 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 | <!--SATA-->2 | <!--Gfx-->GeForce 6150SE via vga or 1 pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with codec | <!--USB-->Nvidia | <!--Ethernet-->Nvidia | <!--Opinion-->2006 32bit - 1 pci - 2 ddr2 dimm slots non-eec - |- | <!--Name-->asus m2n68-am se2 | <!--Chipset-->nvidia 630a 630/a MCP68SE | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 ports | <!--SATA-->2 ports MCP61 chipset is SATA over IDE, not SATA over AHCI and reports subsystem as 0x1 IDE, not 0x6 SATA | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|nvidia 7025 2d and 3d thru vga}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|hd audio with realtek alc662 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|nForce chipset RTL 8201CP}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit Phenom IIX2, Athlon 64 LE X2, Sempron, and Phenom FX processors - ddr2 667Mhz ram max 4Gb - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 (rev. 1.0) | <!--Chipset-->AMD 770 with SB700 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888 codec }} | <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 8111C later 8111D}} | <!--Opinion-->Good support for AM2+ / AM2 with 4 ddr2 ram - 4 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI slots - firewire T.I. TSB43AB23 chip no support - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus M3A32-MVP Deluxe | <!--Chipset-->AMD 790FX RD790 + SB600 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{No|Marvell 88SE6121 SATA II}} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 1.1 support | <!--Audio-->{{No|HD Audio ADI® AD1988}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8056}} | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASROCK N68-S N68C-S | <!--Chipset-->AMD based nForce 630a | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|slimline DVD drive works}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GF 7025 use vesa}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio for VIA 1708S VT1705}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe|echi usb 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8201EL / 8201CL - nforce}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 unbuffered 1066Mhz ddr2 ram - N68C-S may need noacpi added to grub boot line to disable pci temporarily to run as it cannot get to [PCI] Everything OK - |- | <!--Name-->Asus M2N68-AM Plus | <!--Chipset-->Athlon 64, Sempron, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX with nvidia 630a | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->no vga, pci-e slot only | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with ALC662 codec}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8211CL Gigabit LAN}} | <!--Opinion-->adding "noacpi noapic noioapic" to the GRUB options - Dual channel DDR2 1066, 800, 667 MHz - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M68M-S2 (1.0) S2P (2.3) S2L GA-M68SM-S2 (1.x) | <!--Chipset-->nForce 630a chipset | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025, vga (s2 and s2p), dvi (s2l) | <!--Audio-->ALC883 (S2), ALC888B (S2P), ALC662 (S2L), | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8201CL (S2), 8211CL (S2P), 8211BL (S2L), | <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit possible with AMD AM2+ CPU on AM2 motherboard, the system bus speed will downgrade from HT3.0(5200MHz) to HT1.0(2000 MT/s) spec |- | <!--Name-->ASUS M2N68-VM | <!--Chipset-->nForce 630a (MCP68PVNT) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Nvidia GeForce ® 7050PV hdmi, dvi and vga | <!--Audio-->HD audio VIA 1708B codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8211C | <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit - ddr2 800Mhz |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket AM3 White socket (2010/11)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-MA74GM-S2 GA-MA74GM-S2H | <!--Chipset-->740g with sb710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|bios IDE}} | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 2100 and pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->ALC888 (r1.x),ALC888b (r2.0), ALC888B (rev4.x) | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8111C later 8111D | <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit - 2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets max 8 GB - Micro ATX Form Factor 24.4cm x 23.4cm - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.vesalia.de/e_aresone2011.htm Aresone 2011] | <!--Chipset-->760g | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|no Radeon HD3000 driver yet<br>vesa driver works<br>and add PCIe card}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes}} | <!--Opinion-->Good support - 4 DDR3 memory sockets - |- | <!--Name-->Foxconn A76ML-K 3.0 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 760g rev3.0 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes|1 }} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|4 in IDE mode }} | <!--Gfx-->HD3000 with pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC662-GR codec | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111E | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 2 pci slots - |- | <!--Name-->GA-MA770T-UD3P (rev. 1.0 to 1.4) | <!--Chipset-->amd 770 with sb710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|4 sata}} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio with Realtek ALC888 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8168 rtl8111c/d}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 64 - 4 ddr3 dimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 (rev. 2.0 2.1) | <!--Chipset-->AMD 770 with SB700 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888 codec }} | <!--USB-->{{yes|USB2}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 8111C later 8111D}} | <!--Opinion-->Good support for AM3 with 4 ddr2 ram - 4 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI slots - firewire T.I. TSB43AB23 chip no support - |- | <!--Name-->Asus M4A785TD-M PRO | <!--Chipset-->785G and SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|ide legacy}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ATI Radeon HD 4200 - use vesa}} or pci-e 2.0 slot | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Opinion-->Good support with 1366 ddr3 ram - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASUS M4A88T-I Deluxe ITX | <!--Chipset-->AMD 880G with AMD SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->Three SATA 3Gbps | <!--Gfx-->Radeon HD 4350 GPU with HDMI and DVI or One 16x PCI-Express 2.0 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC889 | <!--USB-->6 x USB 2, 2 x USB 3 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek RTL8112L}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit - 2 SODIMM DDR3 slots max 8GB |- | <!--Name-->Asus M4A88T-M Version E5907 E5826 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 880G SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Radeon 4250 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA VT 1708S codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek rtl8169 8111E | <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->GigaByte 890GPA-UD3H | <!--Chipset-->AMD 890GX together with SB850 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->Yes | <!--Gfx-->use pci-e nvidia | <!--Audio-->Maybe - ALC892 rev. 1.0, ALC892 rev 2.1, ALC889 rev. 3.1 | <!--USB-->Yes | <!--Ethernet-->Yes | <!--Opinion-->works well overall |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-890FXA-UD7 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 890FX with SB850 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|IDE }} | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC889 (rev 2.x) | <!--USB-->{{Yes|AMD USB2 but limited with NEC D720200F1 USB3}} | <!--Ethernet-->2 x Realtek 8111D | <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - XL-ATX Form Factor 32.5cm x 24.4cm - 4 ddr3 slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI 890GXM-G65 | <!--Chipset-->890GX + SB750 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|legacy}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|ATI 4290 built-in (vesa)}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC889 DD GR}} HD Audio crackles | <!--USB-->{{Yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8169}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASRock N68-VS3 FX | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 / nForce 630a | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 Sata2 | <!--Gfx-->Integrated NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA® VT1705 Codec | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek PHY RTL8201EL | <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit - 2 x DDR3 DIMM slots - |- | <!--Name-->MSI GF615M-P35 MS-7597 | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA® nForce 430 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->GeForce 6150SE | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC888S}} | <!--USB-->{{No|freezes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek 8211CL}} | <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M68MT-S2 | <!--Chipset--> nForce 630a | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 vga | <!--Audio-->ALC888B (1.3), ACL887 (3.1), | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTL8211CL (all) | <!--Opinion-->2010 64bit possible, AMD AM3 CPU on this motherboard, the system bus speed will downgrade from HT3.0 (5200MT/s) to HT1.0 (2000 MT/s) spec |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-M68MT-S2P | <!--Chipset--> nForce 630a | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 vga | <!--Audio-->ALC888B (1.x 2.x), ALC889 (3.0), ALC888B/889 (3.1), | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTL8211CL (all) | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus M4N78 PRO | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA GeForce 8300 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 xUltraDMA 133/100 | <!--SATA-->6 xSATA 3 Gbit/s ports | <!--Gfx-->Integrated NVIDIA® GeForce® 8 series GPU with 1 PCIe 2.0 slot | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA1708S 8 -Channel codec | <!--USB-->12 USB 2.0 ports (8 ports at mid-board, 4 ports at back panel) | <!--Ethernet-->NVIDIA Gigabit | <!--Opinion-->4 x DIMM, Max. 16 GB, DDR2 1200(O.C.)/1066*/800/667 ECC,Non-ECC,Un-buffered Memory - ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 9.6 inch ( 30.5 cm x 24.4 cm ) - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} =====Socket AM3+ Black socket (2012/15)===== *095W FX-6300 FD6300WMHKBOX (bulldozer SSE4.1 AVX) 970 mobos with FX-8320E 8core Black Editions FD832EWMHKBOX FX-8370E (Vishera/Piledriver) *125W FX-6310 (bulldozer) 970 mobos with FX-8320 FX-8350 FX-8370 (Vishera/Piledriver) *220W 990FX mobos with FX-9000 FX-9370 FX-9590 {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASUS M5A78L-M LX3 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 760G with SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|bios IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx-->HD3000 with pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC887, V? ALC892 codecs | <!--USB-->USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Qualcomm Atheros 8161/8171 add realtek 8111? pci-e card}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - uATX Form Factor 9.6 inch x 7.4 inch ( 24.4 cm x 18.8 cm ) - 2 x DIMM, Max. 16GB, DDR3 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-78LMT-S2P | <!--Chipset-->AMD 760G and SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|6 SATA2 ports}} | <!--Gfx-->GT240 and a nv7900gs, both pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC889 (r3.1), ALC??? (rev. 4.0), ALC887 (r5.x)}} | <!--USB-->4 USB2 | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|Realtek 8111E (r3.1), Atheros (rev4.0), Atheros (r5.x) }} | <!--Opinion-->2012 offers very poor control over its EFI vs. BIOS booting partition features |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-78LMT-USB3 (r3.0), (r4.1 Blue board), (r5.0 dark board), (rev6 dark mobo) | <!--Chipset-->AMD 760G and SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|Bios IDE mode for SATA2 on early ones}} | <!--Gfx-->AMD HD3000, pci-e GT240 and a nv7900gs | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC??? (r3.0), ALC887 (r4.1), VIA VT2021 (r5.0), Realtek® ALC892 codec (rev6) }} | <!--USB-->{{yes|AMD USB2 but not VIA® VL805 USB3}} | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE | <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit - Micro ATX Form Factor 24.4cm x 24.4cm - 4 x DDR3 DIMM sockets - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI 760GM | <!--Chipset-->ATI 760G plus SB710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->HD3000 Use Vesa | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|P33 VT1705; P34, P21 and P23 (FX) MS7641 v3.0 ALC887, E51 ALC892}} | <!--USB-->{{yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek}} | <!--Opinion-->P23 issues with audio ALC887 crackles thru earphones - |- | <!--Name-->Gigayte GA-MA770T-UD3P (rev. 3.1) | <!--Chipset-->amd 770 with sb710 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata | <!--Gfx-->pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->HDaudio with Realtek ALC888/892 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111d/e | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASRock 890FX Deluxe5 Extreme3 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 890FX + AMD SB850 or SB950 (Extreme3) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes}} | <!--Gfx-->{{N/A}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC892}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8111E rtl8169}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus M5A97 R2.0 EVO | <!--Chipset-->AMD 970 and SB950 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->Asmedia SATA Controller | <!--Gfx-->n/a | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC887 (LE), ALC887 (Regular), ALC892 (EVO) codec | <!--USB-->4 USB 2.0 and 2 Asmedia USB3.0 Controller | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111F | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-970A-D3 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 970 with SB950 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes|IDE mode}} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio--> ALC??? (rev. 1.0/1.1), ALC887 (rev1.2), VIA VT2021 codec (rev 1.3 1.4 and rev3.0) | <!--USB-->{{yes|AMD USB2 but not Etron EJ168 chip (USB3)}} | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek GbE 8111E (all revisions), | <!--Opinion-->2015 64bit - ATX Form Factor 30.5cm x 22.4cm - 4 x 1.5V DDR3 DIMM sockets - |- | <!--Name-->MSI 970 Gaming | <!--Chipset-->970FX SB950 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC1150 Codec | <!--USB-->6 usb2 with 2 USB3 VIA VL806 Chipset | <!--Ethernet-->Killer E2205 Gigabit LAN | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus M5A99X EVO | <!--Chipset-->990X - RD980 with SB920 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->2 pci-e gen ? | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC892 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 realtek 8111e | <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-990XA-UD3 | <!--Chipset-->AMD 990 with SB950 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC889 (rev 1.x, 3.0, 3.1), | <!--USB-->{{yes|AMD USB2 not 2 x Etron EJ168 chips for USB3}} | <!--Ethernet-->realtek rtl8169 8111e | <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - ATX Form Factor; 30.5cm x 24.4cm - 4 ddr3 slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====AMD Fusion (2011/14)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | 1.2GHz single Bobcat Fusion C30 + Hudson M1 | ACPI | IDE | SATA | AMD 6250 | Audio | USB | Ethernet | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | Asus E35M1-M PRO uATX | 1.6GHz 18W AMD Fusion E-350 dual core + Hudson M1 | ACPI | {{N/A}} | SATA | AMD 6310 - no HD driver yet | ALC887 VD2 | USB | RTL8111E | 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - EFI bios [http://www.anandtech.com/show/4023/the-brazos-performance-preview-amd-e350-benchmarked] |- | Asus E35M1-I Deluxe miniITX | 1.6GHz dual AMD Fusion E350 + Hudson M1 + DDR3 | ACPI | {{N/A}} | SATA | AMD 6310 - no HD driver yet | ALC892 | USB | Realtek 8111E | 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - no support for Atheros AR5008 on a Mini PCI-E |- | ASRock E350M1 / USB3 (also version with USB3.0 added) | 1.6GHz dual AMD Fusion E350 + Hudson M1 | ACPI | {{N/A}} | SATA - 4 SATA3 | {{Maybe|AMD 6310 - use vesa with hdmi and dvi}} | {{Yes|Audio ALC892 playback but no HDMI output}} | USB - 4 USB2.0 and 2 USB3.0 | {{Yes|rtl8169 for Realtek 8111E 8411 ethernet chipset}} | 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-E350N-USB3 mini-ITX | <!--Chipset--> Hudson M1 FCH | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 SATA3 | <!--Gfx--> plus HDMI, DVI | <!--Audio-->ALC892 | <!--USB-->2 NEC USB3.0 with 4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-E350N Win8 V1.0 | <!--Chipset-->Hudson M1 FCH A45 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 SATA3 | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Use VESA - AMD 6310 plus HDMI, DVI}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC887 playback through headphones but not thru hdmi}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe|4 USB2.0 needs more testing}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8111 8168B}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - works well but need to test with sata hard disk |- | <!--Name-->MSI E350IA-E45 | <!--Chipset-->e-350 + Hudson M1 + DDR3 | <!--ACPI-->no support | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 Sata3 ports | <!--Gfx-->AMD 6310 gpu | <!--Audio-->ALC HDA | <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 and 2 USB3.0 through NEC 720200 chipset | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASUS E45M1-M PRO | <!--Chipset-->E450 APU with Hudson M1 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC887 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->ASUS E45M1-I Deluxe | <!--Chipset-->E-450 together | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket FM1 (2011/13)===== On board Graphic on CPU - HD6410D, HD6530D, HD6550D, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASUS F1A55-M LE | <!--Chipset--> with AMD A55 FCH (Hudson D2) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->6 x SATA 3Gbit/s port(s), blue Support Raid 0, 1, 10, JBOD | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 2.0 slot or Integrated AMD Radeon™ HD 6000 in Llano APU | <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC887 Audio CODEC | <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 ports | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E rtl8169 | <!--Opinion-->2012 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - A-Series/E2- Series APUs up to 4 cores - 2 x DIMM, Max. 32GB, DDR3 2250(O.C.)/1866/1600/1333/1066 MHz Non-ECC, Un-buffered Memory Dual Channel Memory Architecture - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket FM2 White Socket (2012/13)===== Onboard Gfx on CPU - HD6570, HD7480D, HD7540D, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->A75 A85X | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket FM2 Plus Black socket (2013/15)===== Onboard Gfx on CPU - HD6570, HD7480D, HD7540D, {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->A88X | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket AM1 FS1b socket (2014/1x)===== 5350 4 core Jaguar cores 2GHz with Integrated AMD Radeon R Series Graphics in the APU Kabini [Radeon HD 8400] Later Beema APU with 2/4 core Puma (slightly updated Jaguar) cores, GCN graphics and a compute capable Radeon core, along with a brand new AMD security processor and FT3 BGA packaging (probably best avoided for long term survival). {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASUS AM1I-A | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HD Audio Realtek® ALC887-VD | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111GR 8168 | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit may support AVX or SSE 4.1 - |- | <!--Name-->MSI AM1I | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC887 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111G | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI AM1M | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC887 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111G | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->BGA FT3 AM1x |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket AM4 FM3 Summit Ridge Zen Zen+ (2016/22)===== Jim Keller’s group designed x86 Zen CPU - new and covering the same AM4 platform/socket for desktop Zen will also shift from Bulldozer’s Clustered Multithreading (CMT) to Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT, aka Intel’s Hyperthreading). CMT is the basis for Bulldozer’s unusual combination of multiple integer cores sharing a single FPU within a module, so the move to SMT is a more “traditional” design for improving resource usage Trusted Platform Module, or fTPM, that Windows 11 requires. Ryzen processors using a firmware TPM are causing stutters, even when doing mundane tasks. To enable TPM 2.0 on your AMD system please follow the steps below. <pre> Power on system and press DEL or F2 to get into the BIOS. Navigate to Advanced\CPU Configuration. Enable AMD fTPM switch. Press F10 to save changes. </pre> {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG Crosshair VI Hero | <!--Chipset-->X370 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0 (1x16 or 2x8) | <!--Audio-->SupremeFX audio features an S1220 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel I211 | <!--Opinion-->Ryzen 7 1800X 1700X |- | <!--Name-->Biostar X370gtn Itx Am4 | <!--Chipset-->AMD X370 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek Dragon LAN RTL8118AS | <!--Opinion--> 2 ddr4 slots |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-AX370 K7 | <!--Chipset--> X370 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with 2 x Realtek® ALC1220 codec 0x10EC, 0x0295 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->1 intel and 1 E2500 | <!--Opinion--> 4 ddr4 slots |- | <!--Name-->MSI Xpower Gaming Titanium | <!--Chipset--> X370 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio-->8-channel Realtek 1220 Codec 0x10EC, 0x0295 | <!--USB-->ASMedia® ASM2142 and amd cpu | <!--Ethernet-->1 x Intel® I211AT Gigabit LAN | <!--Opinion--> 2 ddr4 slots |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus Prime B350 Plus ATX | <!--Chipset-->B350 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> x PCIe 3.0/2.0 x16 (x16 mode) | <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC887 8-Channel | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® RTL8111H | <!--Opinion-->Ryzen 5 1600x 1600 1500X 1400 - 4 x DIMM Max 64GB, DDR4 up to 2666MHz ECC and non-ECC Memory - ATX 12 inch x 9.35 inch ( 30.5 cm x 23.7 cm ) - 2 pci |- | <!--Name-->Asus PRIME B350M-A/CSM Micro ATX | <!--Chipset-->AMD B350 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio with | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek LAN | <!--Opinion-->Ryzen 3 1300x 1200 1100 |- | <!--Name-->AsRock Pro4 AB350 | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe 3.0 x16, 4 PCIe 2.0 x1 | <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Opinion-->2017 64bit - |- | <!--Name-->ASRock AB350 Gaming-ITX/ac | <!--Chipset--> B350 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI B350 Tomahawk Arctic Mortar | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->1 x PCIe 3.0 x16 (x16 mode) | <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111H | <!--Opinion-->white and grey colours - 2 pci-e and 2 pci slots - m.2 in middle - atx 12 in by 9.6 in and matx versions - |- | <!--Name-->Jginyue M-ATX B350M-TI | <!--Chipset-->B350 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Jginyue B350I-Plus ITX | <!--Chipset-->B350 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASRock A320M-ITX MINI ITX Rev1.0 Rev2 Rev2.1 | <!--Chipset-->A320 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 |- | <!--Name-->Asus PRIME A320M-C R2.0 rev1.1 A320M-K | <!--Chipset-->A320 A/B300 SFF | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HD audio with Realtek ALC887 alc897 CODEC | <!--USB-->2 usb 3.1 gen 1 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111E | <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit - 3rd/2nd/1st Gen AMD Ryzen™ / 2nd and 1st Gen AMD Ryzen™ with Radeon™ Vega |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI A320M-A PRO MicroATX | <!--Chipset-->AMD A320 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio Realtek® ALC892 | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 8111H | <!--Opinion-->2019 64bit - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG X399 Zenith Extreme | <!--Chipset-->AMD X399 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio--> supremefx s1220 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel | <!--Opinion-->Threadripper 1950X 1920X 1900X TR4 skt |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->AsRock Fatality X470 Gaming K4 mATX | <!--Chipset-->X470 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->pci-e rebar possible | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asrock Fatal1ty X470 Gaming-ITXac AMD AM4 | <!--Chipset-->AMD X470 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->ASUS ROG STRIX X470-I GAMING AM4 ITX Motherboard | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus B450-I Gaming | <!--Chipset-->AMD B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->high VRM temps - raven ridge 14nm+ like 2200G 2400G |- | <!--Name-->AsRock B450 Gaming K4 | <!--Chipset-->B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> alc892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> 4 ddr4 slots - low VRM thermals 3900x 3950x |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte B450 I Aorus Pro Wifi | <!--Chipset-->AMD B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->1 nvme pcie3 with 4 sata | <!--Gfx-->pcie | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek® ALC1220-VB codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN | <!--Opinion-->very high vrm temps |- | <!--Name-->Jginyue B450i Gaming ITX | <!--Chipset-->B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata3 - none nvme | <!--Gfx-->pcie3 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->1G | <!--Opinion-->2021 64 2nd 3rd AMD - 2 ddr4 dimm slots |- | <!--Name-->MSI b450 tomahawk max | <!--Chipset--> b450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{n/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HD audio with Realtek® ALC892 Codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111H | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI B450 Pro Carbon | <!--Chipset-->B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> ALC codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI B450-A PRO | <!--Chipset-->B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111h | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI B450I GAMING Plus AC ITX | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2019 - 2nd and 3rd gen AMD - 2 ddr4 slots - |- | <!--Name-->MSI B450 GAMING PLUS MAX | <!--Chipset-->B450 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek® ALC892/ALC897 Codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111H | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MAXSUN AMD Challenger B450M M-ATX (aka Soyo) | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASRock X570 PHANTOM GAMING-ITX/TB3 Mini ITX AM4 | <!--Chipset-->X570 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->nvme | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 4.0 | <!--Audio--> ALC1200 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel LAN | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG Crosshair VIII Dark Hero | <!--Chipset-->AMD X570 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> SupremeFX7.1 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel® I211-AT and Realtek® RTL8125-CG 2.5G LAN | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG Strix X570-I Gaming Mini ITX AM4 Motherboard | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI MPG X570 Gaming Plus | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> alc1220 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG Strix B550-i AM4 ITX Motherboard | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 - |- | <!--Name-->Jginyue Jingyue B550i Gaming itx | <!--Chipset-->B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->3 with 1 nvme | <!--Gfx-->1 pci-e 4 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio alc | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->1G | <!--Comments-->2022 64bit max of Ryzen 5500 (c t), 5600, 5600g (6c12t) - 2 ddr4 |- | <!--Name-->Asrock B550 PHANTOM GAMING ITX/AX | <!--Chipset-->AMD B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> alc1220 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel 2.5G | <!--Comments--> |- | <!--Name-->AsRock B550M-ITX/ac | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> Realtek ALC887/897 Audio Codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek Gigabit LAN | <!--Opinion-->2022 - 2 ddr4 slots |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG STRIX B550-A GAMING | <!--Chipset-->B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->PCIe Gen4 x4 & SATA3 | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 4 | <!--Audio--> supremefx S1220A | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel® I225-V 2.5Gb | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte AMD B550I AORUS PRO AX Mini-ITX rev 1.0 | <!--Chipset-->AMD B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 nvme pci-e3 with 4 sata3 | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC1220-VB codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 2.5GbE LAN | <!--Opinion-->2021 2 x DDR4 DIMM sockets 1Rx8/2Rx8/1Rx16 - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte B550 AORUS ELITE AX V2 ATX | <!--Chipset-->B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0 DP and hdmi | <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC1200 | <!--USB-->USB3 USB 3.2 Gen1 Type-C | <!--Ethernet-->2.5GbE LAN | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit- finer tuning than A520's - AMD Ryzen 5000 Series/ 3rd Gen Ryzen and 3rd Gen Ryzen with Radeon Graphics CPU - Dual Channel ECC/ Non-ECC Unbuffered DDR4, 4 DIMMs - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte B550M DS3H mATX | <!--Chipset--> B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 NVMe | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio ALC887 | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->realtek rtl8118 | <!--Opinion-->2021 64bit - 4 ddr4 dimms - |- | <!--Name-->MSI MPG B550 GAMING PLUS ATX | <!--Chipset--> B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC892 | <!--USB-->USB 3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8111H | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Processors - 4 dimm ddr4 - |- | <!--Name-->MSI MAG B550 TOMAHAWK ATX | <!--Chipset--> B550 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (up to Type 22110) and 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (Type 2242/2260/2280) | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 4.0 with dp and hdmi | <!--Audio-->HDaudio ALC1200 | <!--USB-->USB3 1 x USB 3.1 Type-C and 1 x USB 3.1 Type-A | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8125B and Realtek RTL8111H | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - 4 Dimm slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Jginyue A520M-H mATX | <!--Chipset-->A520 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> old bios with random issues with APU ryzens - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte A520M S2H mATX | <!--Chipset-->AMD A520 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 1GbE | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit Zen3 65W and up - 2 ddr4 - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte A520I AC mITX mini-itx | <!--Chipset-->AMD A520 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit Zen3 65W and up 5600G (6c12t) or 5700G (8c16t) - 2 ddr4 dimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->MSI A520M-A PRO mATX | <!--Chipset-->A520 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (Type 2242/2260/2280) | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e 3.0 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC892 | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111H | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - 2 ddr4 dimm slots - 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Desktop and AMD Ryzen 4000 G-Series CPU |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} ===== (Socket AM5 LGA1718 Zen4 Zen5 Zen6 2022/27)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asrock Steel Legend | <!--Chipset-->x670e | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e rnda2 | <!--Audio-->HD audio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - ddr5 ecc (10 chip) and non-ecc (8 chips) 64Gb @ 6000Mhz or 128GB @ 4800Mhz - |- | <!--Name-->Asrock TaiChi | <!--Chipset-->x670e | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->PCI-e rnda2 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio | <!--USB-->USB4 with Thunderbolt 4 equivalent | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Realtek killer E3000 2.5GbE}} | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit - ddr5 ecc (10 chip) and non-ecc (8 chips) |- | <!--Name-->Asus ROG Crosshair Hero | <!--Chipset-->x670e | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe rnda2 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x670e | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->rnda3 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit 7950x3d 120W, 7900 7800 7600 90W |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x670e | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->rnda3 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2022 64bit |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus B650E-I | <!--Chipset-->B650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 5 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 - better sound with an actual AMP, PCIe 5, USB-C display outs - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x650 B650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x650 B650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x650 B650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MAXSUN AMD Challenger B650M WIFI M-ATX (aka Soyo) | <!--Chipset-->B650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI b650i mini itx | <!--Chipset-->B650 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->NVMe | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 4 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Opinion-->2023 - front panel connectors at the back of the board - dead rear nvme slot and a drained CMOS battery as the CMOS button being pressed during shipping - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->A620M Zen4 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->A620M | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->A620M | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->A620M | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> Zen5 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> Zen6 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--ACPI--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Opinion-->2026 FP8 Zen 6 Medusa Point 4bigC, 4 econC, 2lpC, 8coreGPU - |- | <!--Name--> || <!--Chipset--> || <!--ACPI--> || <!--IDE--> || <!--SATA--> || <!--Gfx--> || <!--Audio--> || <!--USB--> || <!--Ethernet--> || <!--Opinion-->2026 FP10 Zen 6 Medusa Point 4bigC, 4 econC, 2lpC, 8coreGPU - |- |} ===== (Zen7 AM6 2027/3x)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ===== (Zen AM 203x/3x)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} ====Intel Sockets==== [[#top|...to the top]] =====Socket 370 (2000/2)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Intel D815EEA | <!--Chipset-->866Mhz P3 and i815 chipset | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{N/A}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Nvidia AGPx8 6200LE added}} | <!--Audio-->{{N/A}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|2 USB1.1}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{N/A}} | <!--Opinion-->Tested AspireOS 1.7, simple basic board with useful 5 PCI slots |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} =====Socket 478 (2002/4)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://detail.zol.com.cn/motherboard/index46381.shtml&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dc.865pe.l%2Bmotherboard%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DsZB%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official Colorful Technology C.865PE-L Silver Fighter Warrior V2.3] | <!--Chipset-->865PE | <!--ACPI-->{{dunno| }} | <!--IDE-->{{Yes|tested with CDROM}} | <!--SATA-->{{dunno| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|AGP slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|ALC650 AC97}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB 1.1 and 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL 8100 8139}} | <!--Opinion-->Still testing with NB (Nightly Build) May 2013 |- | <!--Name-->Intel 845 | <!--Chipset-->865P | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{No|intel 800}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 AD1985}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|e1000}} | <!--Opinion-->Tested ICAROS 1.3 |- | <!--Name-->Intel 845 | <!--Chipset-->865GC | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{No|intel 865 Extreme Graphics 2}} | <!--Audio-->{{No|AC97 AD1985}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|e1000}} | <!--Opinion-->Tested ICAROS 1.3 |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA775 s775 (2005/8)===== an industry standard DDR2 module could in theory contain fallback JEDEC, intel XMP and AMD EPP configuration data Intel PC CL5 ram modules but an "AMD" CL5 ram module the BIOS cannot read the AMD EPP info on the SPD (Serial Presence Detect) but can recognize the CL5 timing info in the JEDEC data table. PC BIOS auto configures for the AMD ram module and boots normally. an AMD PC CL6 ram modules but an "INTEL" CL6 ram module the BIOS cannot read the INTEL XMP info on the SPD but can recognize the CL6 timing info in JEDEC data table. PC BIOS auto configures for the AMD ram module and boots normally. an INTEL PC needs CL6 ram modules but have an "AMD" CL4 ram module. INTEL BIOS cannot read the AMD EPP info on the SPD but can recognize the CL4 timing info in JEDEC data table. PC BIOS recognizes module timings as incompatible an refuses to boot. entirely separate issue if the RAM module timing specs are incompatible.(i.e. CL4 RAM in a "CL6 only" PC) {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Abit AG8 | <!--Chipset-->P915 + ICH6R | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 ports SATA1 | <!--Gfx-->1 PCIe x16 Slot | <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC658 AC97 | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8110S-32 | <!--Opinion-->2004 32bit - Firewire TI 4200R7T no |- | <!--Name-->MSI 915 Neo2 | <!--Chipset-->P915 + ICH6R | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 ports SATA1 | <!--Gfx-->1 PCIe x16 Slot | <!--Audio-->CMI 9880L HD Audio | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Broadcomm BCM5751 PCIe}} | <!--Opinion-->Firewire VIA VT6306 no |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus P5GC P5GC-MX | <!--Chipset-->P945GC Lakeport-GC + ICH7R northbridge | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 3.0 Gbit/s ports | <!--Gfx-->1 PCIe 1.1 slot | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC662 codec | <!--USB-->{{yes|2 usb2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|atheros L2}} | <!--Opinion-->2005 32bit - 3 pci slots - 4 x 240-pin DIMM Sockets max. 4GB DDR2 667/533 non-ECC - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Foxconn PC45CM-SA 45CM-S | <!--Chipset-->945GC with ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 sata2 ports | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|pcie 1.0 slot with gma950 integrated}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with aLC883 codec playback}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|realtek 8139 8100sc}} | <!--Opinion-->2 dimm slots 667mhz max 4gb - can be found in Advent desktops - 2 pci-e and 2 pci - core 2 duo only e6xxx - Micro ATX (9.6” x 8.8”) - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-81945GM MFY-RH | <!--Chipset-->Intel® 945GM Express with ICH7M-DH | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|GMA950 VGA15 and PCI-e 1.0 slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC880 codec playback only rear port}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 usb 2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Intel PRO1000PL 82573L Gigabit Ethernet}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 MoDT term “Mobile on DeskTop.”, low TDP CPUs to work on desktop form-factor motherboards. mATX Micro ATX 24.4cm x 24.4cm - 2 DDR2 dimm 1.8v slots with 4Gb max - will not boot if PCI2 slot occupied - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-945 GCM S2C | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662 (1.x)}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|8101E Rtl 8169 (1.x)}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA945-GCM S2L | <!--Chipset-->945GC with ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 ports | <!--Gfx-->PCi-E slot | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with ALC662 codec 2/4/5.1-channel (1.x)}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|4 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8111c 8169 (1.x)}} | <!--Opinion-->2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM 4GB DDR2 memory max - 2 PCI-e and 2 PCI - Micro ATX form factor; 24.4cm x 19.3cm - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI 945P Neo-F rev 1.0 | <!--Chipset-->P945 + ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 ports | <!--Gfx-->PCie 1.0 slot | <!--Audio-->ALC662 HDA | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->8110SC (rtl8169) | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI 945P Neo2-F rev 1.2 | <!--Chipset-->P945 + ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 SATA1 ports | <!--Gfx-->PCie 1.0 slot | <!--Audio-->ALC850 AC97 | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->8110SC (rtl8169) | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L | <!--Chipset-->P31 with ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCI Express x16 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC888 codec | <!--USB-->4 USB 2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111B | <!--Opinion-->DDR2 800Mhz up to 4Gb 4 x 240 pin - 3 PCI - ATX 12.0" x 8.3" - |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus P5KPL-AM /PS | <!--Chipset-->G31 with ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->4 xSATA 3 Gbit/s ports | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 1.1 with integrated Intel® GMA 3100 | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with VIA VT1708B with ALC662 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8102EL 100/10 LAN with Realtek RTL8111C Gigabit LAN | <!--Opinion-->2 x 2 GB DDR2 Non-ECC,Un-buffered DIMMs with 2 PCI - Intel Graphics Media Accelerator - |- | <!--Name-->Asus P5KPL/EPU | <!--Chipset-->G31 with ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Pci-e 1.0 slot | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD audio with ALC887 codec}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8169 Realtek 8111C}} | <!--Opinion-->Tested - 4 240-pin DIMM, Max. 4 GB - 4 pci-e and 3 pci - ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 8.2 inch ( 30.5 cm x 20.8 cm ) - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G31M ES2L | <!--Chipset-->G31 plus ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{Yes|Intel GMA 3100 2d}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|ALC883 (1.x), ALC883/888B (2.x)}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{Maybe|RTL8111C (1.x), Atheros 8131 (2.x)}} | <!--Opinion-->reduces DRAM capacity to 4GB |- | <!--Name-->ASRock G31M-S r1.0 G31M-GS | <!--Chipset-->G31 + ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|4 sata2}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA 3100 2d not 3d}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{partial|rtl8169 RTL8111DL 8169 (for -GS) RTL8102EL (for -S)}} | <!--Opinion-->2007 64bit Core2 - 2 DDR2 800 max 8Gig AMI bios MicroATX - |- | <!--Name-->ASRock G31M-S r2.0 | <!--Chipset-->G31 + ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|4 sata2}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA 3100 2d not 3d}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL 8111DL 8169}} | <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit core2 - 2 DDR2 800 max 8Gig MicroATX |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.intel.com/cd/channel/reseller/apac/eng/products/desktop/bdb/dg31pr/feature/index.htm Intel DG31PR] | <!--Chipset-->iG31 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|3100 but can use PCIe 1.1 slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888 playback}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8111B Rtl 8169}} | <!--Opinion-->good support |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Intel G33 Express Chipset with ich9 southbridge | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->Intel 3100 powervr tile based | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2008 64bit - embedded on Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core CPUS with Integrated GPU Intel GMA 3100 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->ASUS P5G41T-M LX | <!--Chipset-->G41 + ICH8 + DDR3 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe}} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|X4500 some 2d only)}} | <!--Audio-->ALC887 | <!--USB-->3 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Atheros L1c AR8131}} | <!--Opinion-->reduces maximum supported memory ddr3 from 16 to 8GB 2 dimm slots non-EEC - demotes the PCIe controller mode from revision 2.0 (5.0GT/s) to revision 1.1 (2.5GT/s |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G41MT S2 | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->VT1708S (1.3), ALC887-VD2 (1.4), ALC887 (2.1), | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Atheros AR8151 l1c (1.x 2.x), | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G41MT S2PT | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC887 (1.0), VIA (2.0), ALC887 (2.1) | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->RTL8111E (1.x), Atheros AR8151 l1c (2.1), | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-G41MT D3 | <!--Chipset-->G41 + ICH7 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 Port | <!--SATA-->4 Ports | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|GMA X4500 2d only and pci-e 1.1 slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC888B}} | <!--USB-->4 ports + headers | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8111 D/E}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-P41T D3P | <!--Chipset-->G41 + ICH7 with Intel Core 2 Duo (E6xxx) CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4ports | <!--Gfx-->GMA X4500 2d | <!--Audio-->ALC888 889/892 | <!--USB-->4 ports | <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8111C or D/E | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Intel DG41AN Classic | <!--Chipset-->iG41 + | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 ports | <!--Gfx-->X4500 2d | <!--Audio-->ALC888S ALC888VC | <!--USB-->4 ports | <!--Ethernet-->8111E | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->AsRock P5B-DE | <!--Chipset-->P965 + ICH8 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{Maybe|works ide legacy}} |<!--Gfx-->{{Yes|with PCI-E 1.1 slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio via VT1708S}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8169}} | <!--Opinion-->2006 works well |- | <!--Name-->Asus P5B SE | <!--Chipset-->965 intel | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{N/A}} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|HD Audio ALC662 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{No| }} | <!--Opinion-->works well except ethernet |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus P5W DH Deluxe P5WDG2 WS PRO | <!--Chipset-->975X | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->2 ports | <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe x16 slots | <!--Audio-->ALC882 AND LATER ADI 1988B | <!--USB-->2 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Marvell 88E8052 88E8053}} | <!--Opinion-->Firewire TI TSB43AB22A no |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Abit IP35 | <!--Chipset-->P35 Express + ICH9R | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->6 ports | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC888 HDA | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->two RTL8110SC | <!--Opinion-->Firewire Texas TSB43 AB22A no |- | <!--Name-->MSI P35 Neo F FL MS-7630 rev 1 | <!--Chipset-->Intel P35 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 1.1 support | <!--Audio-->HD Audio ALC888 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek | <!--Opinion-->Base model of this range of P35 mobos |- | <!--Name-->GA-P35-DS3 | <!--Chipset-->P35 and ICH9 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->4 ports | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with Realtek ALC889A codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek 8111B | <!--Opinion-->2008 - 4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets max 8 GB - |- | <!--Name-->GA-EP35-DS3 (rev. 2.1) | <!--Chipset-->Intel® P35 + ICH9 Chipset | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{unk|}} | <!--SATA-->{{unk|4 }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{unk|Realtek ALC889A codec }} | <!--USB-->{{yes | }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8111B}} | <!--Opinion-->good |- | <!--Name-->Abit IX38 Quad GT | <!--Chipset-->X38 / ICH9R Chipset | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->6 ports | <!--Gfx-->PCI-E 2.0 slot | <!--Audio--> HD Audio ALC888 | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL 8110SC 8169SC | <!--Opinion-->Firewire Texas TSB 43AB22A no |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte X38-DQ6 | <!--Chipset-->X38 / ICH9R Chipset | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->6 ports | <!--Gfx-->PCI-E 2.0 slot | <!--Audio-->ALC889A HDA | <!--USB-->4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->twin 8111B 8169 | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-EP45 DS3 (2008) | <!--Chipset-->P45 + ICH9 or ICH10 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->6 x SATA 3Gbit/s (SATAII0, SATAII1, SATAII2, SATAII3, SATAII4, SATAII5) | <!--Gfx-->two PCI-E v2.0 x16 slots support splitting its 16 PCIe 2.0 lanes across two cards at x8 transfers | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC888 or ALC889A codec | <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->2 x Realtek 8111C chips (10/100 /1000 Mbit) | <!--Opinion-->4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets non-EEC |- | <!--Name-->MSI P45 Platinum (2008) | <!--Chipset-->P45 + ICH9 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->6 sata2 ports | <!--Gfx-->two PCI-E x16 v2.0 slots | <!--Audio-->ALC888 HD Audio | <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->G45 + | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->adds Intel’s GMA X4500HD graphics engine to P45 Express features | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->G43 + | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->GMA X4500 2d | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->removes HD video acceleration from the G45’s features |- | <!--Name-->Asus P5E Deluxe | <!--Chipset--> X48 with ICH9 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ADI 1988B codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Marvell 88E8001 | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->GigaByte GA-X48 DQ6 | <!--Chipset-->X48 plus ICH9R | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->8 ports | <!--Gfx-->two PCI-E x16 v2.0 slots | <!--Audio-->ALC889A | <!--USB-->8 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->RTL 8111B 8169 | <!--Opinion-->Firewire TSB43AB23 no - ICH9 pairs with Intel’s 3-series (X38, P35, etc.) chipsets, in addition to the X48 Express, but excluding the G35 Express |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte EP43-DS3L and Gigabyte GA-EP43-UD3L | <!--Chipset-->P43 with ICH10 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->1 port | <!--SATA-->6 x SATA 3Gbit/s connectors | <!--Gfx-->1 x PCI Express x16 slot PCI Express 2.0 standard | <!--Audio-->HD Audio with ALC888 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8111C | <!--Opinion-->4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets - 4 pcie x1 - 2 pci - ATX Form Factor; 30.5cm x 21.0cm |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev.1.0 | <!--Chipset-->NVIDIA GeForce 7100 nForce 630i | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{Yes|1 port}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|3 ports SATA2}} | <!--Gfx-->{{Maybe|Vesa 2d GeForce 7100 (vga /hdmi/dvi), 1 PCIe x16 Slot }} | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|Realtek ALC889A MCP73}} | <!--USB-->{{Yes|7 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL 8211B MCP73}} | <!--Opinion-->Firewire Not, tested with Icaros Desktop 2.0.3 MCP73 is a single chip solution in three different versions |- | <!--Name-->Nvidia 7150 630i | <!--Chipset-->intel based nForce 630i (MCP73) | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|ide legacy}} | <!--GFX-->GF 7150 | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD AUDIO ALC883}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|ohci echi}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|RTL8201C}} | <!--Opinion-->being tested |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2.0 x16 | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> the MCP73PV or the GeForce 7050/nForce 630i |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->the MCP73S or the GeForce7025/nForce 630i |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->the MCP73V or the GeForce 7025/nForce 610i |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Atom SOC (2008/2x)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->D945CLF | <!--Chipset-->N230 single core | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|GMA945}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC662}} Skt 441 | <!--USB-->{{yes|uhci and ehci}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} | <!--Opinion-->works very well |- | <!--Name-->[http://www.clusteruk.com iMica D945GCKF2 mobo] | <!--Chipset-->Intel Atom N330 Dual Core | <!--ACPI-->wip | <!--IDE-->{{yes|IDE}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe}} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|gma}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD AUDIO}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|uhci ehci}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->D945GSEJT + Morex T1610 | <!--Chipset-->Atom 230 with 945GSE | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe}} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|GMA900 vga but issues with DVI output}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio with ALC662 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169 8111DL}} | <!--Opinion-->small size, runs off 12V |- | <!--Name-->ASUS AT3N7A-I | <!--Chipset-->Atom N330 Nvidia ION | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|3 ports legacy IDE}} | <!--Gfx-->{{yes|nouveau cube cube 2 45 quake 3 }} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio with VIA 1708S codec playback}} | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8169 device}} | <!--Opinion--><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAiJpvu73iw</ref> good but can freeze randomly at times |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->D410PT 45nm pinetrail | <!--Chipset-->D410 and NM10 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{maybe|ide legacy}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|GMA3150}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|ALC262 or ALC66x odd clicks}} | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|RTL8111DL}} | <!--Opinion-->some support |- | <!--Name-->45nm pinetrail | <!--Chipset-->D510 and NM10 + GMA3150 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->GMA3150 | <!--Audio-->ALC888B or ALC66x | <!--USB-->{{yes}} | <!--Ethernet-->RTL8111DL | <!--Opinion-->some support |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-D525TUD (rev. 1.0 1.2 1.5) | <!--Chipset-->D525 NM10 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->gma 3150 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC887 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111f | <!--Opinion-->2012 64 - 2 ddr3 dimm slots max 8g - Mini-ITX Form Factor; 17.0cm x 17.0cm - |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- |} =====Socket 1366 (2009/10)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus P6T DELUXE | <!--Chipset-->x58 + ICH10 and Intel 1st gen. (Nehalem/Lynnfield) Core i7 (8xx) CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes|1 port}} | <!--SATA-->4 ports | <!--Gfx-->2 PCIe x16 (r2.0) slots | <!--Audio-->ADI AD2000B HD Audio | <!--USB-->{{yes|4 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Marvell 88E8056 Gigabit}} | <!--Opinion-->Firewire VIA VT6308 no |- | <!--Name-->gigabyte ex58 ds | <!--Chipset--> x58 + ICH10 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8111D rtl8169 | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket 1156 (2010)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Acer Aspire M3910 | <!--Chipset-->i3 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{unk| }} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA intel HD}} | <!--Audio-->{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek ALC}} | <!--USB-->{{yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk| Realtek}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H55M-S2H | <!--Chipset-->H55 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->PCIe slot | <!--Audio-->{{Yes|ALCxxx playback}} ALC888B (Rev1.x) | <!--USB-->{{Yes| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|RTL8111D}} (Rev 1.x) | <!--Opinion-->Tested but no support for WLAN Realtek 8188su |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI H55M-E33 v1.0 | <!--Chipset-->E7636 M7636 H55 chipset so older i3/i5/i7 system | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HD Audio ALC889}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|PCI-E Realtek 8111DL}} | <!--Opinion-->Works well |- | <!--Name-->Asus P7P55D | <!--Chipset-->P55 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{unk| }} | <!--SATA-->{{unk| }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{maybe | via codec}} | <!--USB-->{{unk| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe |rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111B/C RTL8112L }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA 1155 H2 (2010/13)===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASUS P8H61-I LX R2.0 | <!--Chipset-->H61 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata | <!--Gfx-->1 pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 8111f | <!--Opinion-->2013 - up to ivybridge cpus - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->Asus P8H61-I/RM/SI mini-itx | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 sata | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2012 64 up to i3-2010 - OEM board from an RM machine but not ivybridge as the Asus BIOS isn't compatible with these, 0909 hacked one might work - |- | <!--Name-->asus p8h61-i lx r2.0/rm/si mini itx | <!--Chipset-->h61 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2.0 | <!--Audio-->HDaudio with VIA codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111e | <!--Opinion-->2012 sandy and ivy - oem from rm machine 2 x 240-Pin DDR3 DIMM sockets max DDR3 1333MHz - |- | <!--Name-->‎Bewinner 63q9c7omvs V301 ITX | <!--Chipset-->H61 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata with nvme | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 4 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek 8106E 100M Network Card | <!--Opinion-->2022 64 |- | <!--Name-->Biostar H61 H61MHV2 H61MHV3 Ver. 7.0 | <!--Chipset-->H61 with Intel Pentium G 2xxx series CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->Realtek ALC662 later ALC897 | <!--USB-->4 usb2 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H | <!--Opinion-->2014 - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H61M-D2-B3 | <!--Chipset-->H61 + Sandybridge | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 ports sata2 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->ALC889 | <!--USB-->2 ports | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H61MA-D3V | <!--Chipset-->H61 + | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 ports sata2 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Maybe No Realtek ALC887 (Rev 2.0) ALC887 (Rev2.1) | <!--USB-->2 ports | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek RTL8111E | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->GA-H61M-S2PV | <!--Chipset-->H61 with 2400k 2500k 2600k 2700k | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 2.0 slot | <!--Audio-->ALC887 (rev 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3) | <!--USB-->4 USB 2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Rtl811E (1.0) 8151 (2.0) Rtl8111F (2.1 2.2 2.3) | <!--Opinion-->Micro ATX Form Factor; 24.4cm x 20cm with 2 pci-e and 2 pci - |- | <!--Name-->Intel Classic Series DH61CR Desktop | <!--Chipset-->H61 + | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 ports | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC892 | <!--USB-->4 ports | <!--Ethernet-->{{no|Intel 82579V}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI H61M-P20 (G3) MS-7788 *retail MSI board *OEM Advent, etc | <!--Chipset-->H61 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|four SATAII ports}} | <!--Gfx-->1 PCI Express gen3 (retail) gen2 (oem) x16 slot | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio ALC887 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|Realtek 8105E 100M Network Card}} | <!--Opinion-->2012 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 22.6cm(L) x 17.3cm(W) M-ATX Form Factor - BIOS - [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&rowstart=140&pid=6009#post_6007 works well], |- | <!--Name-->MSI H61I-E35 (B3) MS-7677 Ver.1.2 | <!--Chipset-->H61 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|VESA 2d for hdmi}} | <!--Audio-->{{yes|https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&rowstart=140&pid=5861#post_5861 works}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus P8H67-M | <!--Chipset-->H67 + | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 sata3 - 4 sata2 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC887 | <!--USB-->6 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 8111E | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus P8Z68-V LX | <!--Chipset-->Z68 + Intel 2nd generation (Sandy Bridge) Core i7 (2xxx) CPU and possibly ivybridgev | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|2 sata3 - 4 sata2}} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->{{yes|HDAudio Intel HD with ALC887 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{yes|2 USB3.0 - 4 USB2.0}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek® 8111E}} | <!--Opinion-->2011 64bit SSE 4.1 and AVX - EFI bios - 4 ddr3 dimm slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte Z68AP-D3 (B3) | <!--Chipset-->Z68 + Ivybridge | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 sata3 - 4 sata2 | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC889 | <!--USB-->2 USB3.0 - 4 USB2.0 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® 8111E | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus B75M-A | <!--Chipset-->B75 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ® ALC887-VD codec}} | <!--USB-->{{maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek ® 8111F-VB-CG }} | <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->H77 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H77-D3H 1.0 1.1 | <!--Chipset-->H77 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata 3.0 | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio VIA VT2021 codec}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros GbE LAN chip}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit i5 3550 7 3770 - 4 DDR3 slots - 2 full pci-e 2 pci slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA Z77 D3H with i3 3225 dual | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{No|HDAudio VIA VT2021 codec}} | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->{{No|Atheros GbE LAN chip}} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA 1150 H3 (2013/2016)===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->[https://theretroweb.com/motherboards/s/asus-b85m-e-rev-1-02 Asus B85M-E] | <!--Chipset-->B85 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{yes| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ® ALC887-VD2 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{no| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8111F}} | <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit - 4 ddr3 slots - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H87N-WIFI mITX | <!--Chipset-->H87 and Intel 4th generation (Haswell) Core i5 (4xxx) CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Intel Atheros | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus H81M-C H81M-P-SI | <!--Chipset-->H81 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 (4xxx) CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2x3g 2x6g | <!--Gfx-->pci-e slot | <!--Audio-->hdaudio alc887 vd | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->realtek 8111gr | <!--Opinion-->2013 skt 1150 - 2 ddr3 max 16g - mini atx - |- | <!--Name-->Asus H81T | <!--Chipset-->H81 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 sata | <!--Gfx-->HD4000 igpu only | <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC887-VD | <!--USB-->Intel USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 realtek 8111G | <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit intel 4th gen mini itx - external dc brick with 19v rare barrel pin 7.4MM x 5.0MM - 2 ddr3 laptop sodimm slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H81M-S2V | <!--Chipset-->H81 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A|}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->HDAudio ALC887 | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® GbE LAN chip | <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit up to i7 4790K - 2 DDR3 slots - |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H81M-D3V (rev. 1.0) | <!--Chipset-->H81 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A| }} | <!--SATA-->{{yes|2 sata2 2 sata3 }} | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->{{unk| HDAudio Realtek® ALC887 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{unk|intel and VIA® VL805}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{unk|rtl8169 Realtek }} | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI H81M-E34 (MS-7817) | <!--Chipset-->H81 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->{{yes| }} | <!--Gfx-->PCIe 2.0 x16 | <!--Audio-->HDAudio with ALC887 codec | <!--USB-->USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8111G}} | <!--Opinion-->2013 64bit - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus Z87-K | <!--Chipset-->Z87 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 4c8t i5 4c4t CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek lan | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-Z87X-UD3H | <!--Chipset-->Z87 Express | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with Realtek® ALC898 codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA H97M D3H r1.0 r1.1 with i3 4360 or 4370 dual | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC892 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek lan | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus Z97 A with i7 4790K | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx-->750, 960, 970 and 980 nvidia GTX cards | <!--Audio-->Intel HD with ALC | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel lan ethernet | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA Z97X UD3H rev1.0 1.1 1.2 | <!--Chipset-->Z97 with i5 4690K | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC1150 | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel lan | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI GAMING 5 Z97 | <!--Chipset-->Z97 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 4c8t CPU | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->ASUS Q87M-E | <!--Chipset-->Q87 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2014 64bit - 4 DDR3 slots - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->H99 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA2011V2 s2011-2 (2012/15)===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x79 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2013 Xeon e5-???? W TDP, e5-2667V2 W TDP, e5-????V2 W TDP, Sandybridge and Ivybridge V2 |- | <!--Name-->Asus | <!--Chipset-->X79 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA2011V3 s2011-3 (2015/18)===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->x99 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2016 Xeon e5-1620v3 130W TDP, e5-1650V3 (i7-5930K) 140W TDP, e5-2640V3 90W TDP, Haswell-EP |- | <!--Name-->Asus | <!--Chipset-->X99 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->most cheap Ryzens are better nowadays |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Huananzhi X99-CD4 | <!--Chipset-->Intel C612 and X99 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata 3 connectors and 1 m.2 nvme slot | <!--Gfx-->pcie slot | <!--Audio-->HDaudio with ALC897 codec | <!--USB-->{{No|USB3}} | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|rtl8169}} | <!--Opinion-->2024 quality might not be great outside of a simple setup - 2 ddr4 dimms - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Keyiyou X99 XD4 | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Machinist MR9A Pro | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Name-->Machinist MR9A Pro | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Name-->Mogul | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Qiyida X99 H9S | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 |- | <!--Name-->Soyo | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA 1151 Socket H4 (2015/2018)===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->Skylake CPUs have TPM 2.0 imbedded |- | <!--Name-->Asus H110 Plus H110M-A/DP | <!--Chipset--> with 6th Gen Core and 7th with bios update | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA-->Sunrise Point-H SATA [AHCI mode] [8086 a102] | <!--Gfx-->{{No|Skylake Integrated HD Graphics use PIC-E slot}} | <!--Audio-->Intel HD Audio with Realtek ALC887 Audio CODEC | <!--USB-->Sunrise Point-H USB 3.0 xHCI [8086: a12f] no usb2.0 fallback | <!--Ethernet-->{{Yes|Realtek 8111GR or 8111H RTL8111 8168 8411}} | <!--Opinion-->ATX with 3 pci-e and 2 DDR4 slots - uatx version smaller - turn off TLSF as it was causing AHI driver to corrupt. Turned off ACPI for errors but works fine once booted - |- | <!--Name-->ASUS H110M-R M-ATX | <!--Chipset-->H110 6th Gen Skylake Core™ i7/Core™ 6950X i7-6970HQ i7-6700K 4c8t hyperthreading, i5/Core™ i5-6600K 4c4t i3/Pentium® / Celeron® | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 x SATA 6Gb/s | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->HDAudio Realtek® ALC887 codec | <!--USB-->Intel USB3 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® RTL8111H | <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit - 2 DDR4 DIMMS Max 32GB 2133MHz - 1 full pci-e and 2 pci-e 1 - |- | <!--Name-->Asus H110T | <!--Chipset-->H110 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->2 sata | <!--Gfx-->intel igpu only | <!--Audio-->HDaudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->Dual Intel/Realtek GbE languard | <!--Opinion-->2016 - mini itx 12v / 19v laptop type rare barrel pin 7.4MM x 5.0MM - 2 sodimm ddr4 slots - no pci-e slot - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte GA-H110M-S2H MATX Rev1.0 | <!--Chipset-->H110 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0 | <!--Audio-->Realtek® ALC887 codec | <!--USB-->2 (USB 3.1 Gen 1) ports with 4 us2 | <!--Ethernet-->Realtek® GbE LAN | <!--Opinion--> 2 ddr4 slots |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte ga-h110n | <!--Chipset-->H110 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->{{Yes| sata}} | <!--Gfx-->{{maybe|Vesa 2d for Intel or PCI-e slot}} | <!--Audio-->{{Maybe|HDaudio for ALC887 codec}} | <!--USB-->{{Maybe| }} | <!--Ethernet-->{{maybe|RTL8169}} | <!--Opinion-->2016 mini-itx 6th gen |- | <!--Name-->Msi H110M-PRO-VH | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 x SATA 6Gb/s | <!--Gfx-->pci-e 3.0 | <!--Audio--> Realtek® ALC887 Codec | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->rtl8169 rtl8111h | <!--Opinion--> 6th gen intel - 2 ddr4 slots |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus H170 Pro Gaming | <!--Chipset-->H170 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sata | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB-->Asmedia USB3.1/3.0 | <!--Ethernet-->intel lan | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->MSI Z170A TOMAHAWK | <!--Chipset-->Z170 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE-->{{N/A}} | <!--SATA-->4 sara, 1 x 2280 Key M(PCIe Gen3 x4/SATA), 1 x 2230 Key E(Wi-Fi) | <!--Gfx-->pci-e | <!--Audio-->HDAudio | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet-->intel lan | <!--Opinion-->2016 64bit up to i7 7700k - 2 DDR4 - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->GIGABYTE GA-B250M-DS3H HD3P D3H D2V | <!--Chipset-->B250 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2018 coffee lake intel 8th gen |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus | <!--Chipset--> with Kaby Lake X Intel 7th Gen | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> up to 16 pcie lanes |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus | <!--Chipset--> Z390 with Kaby Lake X | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> up to 16 pcie lanes |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> Q370M | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> H370M | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> B360M | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Asus Rampage | <!--Chipset-->x299 with i9 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> - up to 24 to 44 pcie lanes |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name-->Gigabyte | <!--Chipset--X299 > | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} =====Socket LGA 1200 (2020/2022)===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->MSI H510M-A PRO (MS-7D22) | <!--Chipset--> with 10th gen Comet Lake X | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 64bit - up to 16 pcie lanes rebar possible |- | <!--Name-->Asus PRIME H410M-E Asrock H470M-HDV/M.2 | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus | <!--Chipset--> with 11th gen Rocket Lake X | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> up to 16 pcie lanes |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} =====Socket LGA 1700 (2023/ )===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Alder Lake / 14th gen Raptor Lake | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2021 2022 64bit - QoS work to 2 level cpus, P down to E cores - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Meteor Lake ultra 5 7 1xxH series 1 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2023 2024 64bit 10nm - 3 level cpus, Low Power Island (SOC tile) to E onto P cores - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> 15th gen Arrow Lake | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Lunar lake ultra 5 7 2xxV series 2 | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2025 64bit 7nm - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Nova Lake | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 64bit - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Panther Lake | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2026 64bit - either 44, 484, or 448 tiled cores 18A process - core ultra x9 288h, x7 358H, - |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- |} =====Socket LGA 1954 (2027/ )===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Nova Lake-S | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset-->Serpent Lake, Titan Lake, and Razer Lake | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion-->2027 |- |} =====Socket LGA (203x/203x)===== [[#top|...to the top]] {| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%" ! width="10%" |Name ! width="5%" |Chipset ! width="5%" |ACPI ! width="5%" |IDE ! width="5%" |SATA ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |USB ! width="10%" |Ethernet ! width="30%" |Opinion |- | <!--Name-->MSI | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- style="background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;" | Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion |- | <!--Name-->Asus | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |- | <!--Name--> | <!--Chipset--> | <!--ACPI--> | <!--IDE--> | <!--SATA--> | <!--Gfx--> | <!--Audio--> | <!--USB--> | <!--Ethernet--> | <!--Opinion--> |} ===Chromebooks=== For most (EOL) cromebooks, the recommended UEFI path forward is to: *put the device into Developer Mode *disable firmware write protection *flash MrChromebox's UEFI Full ROM firmware *install ChromeOS Flex, Linux, etc See [https://mrchromebox.tech/#home MrChrome], [https://mrchromebox.tech MrChrome] and the [https://www.reddit.com/r/chrultrabook/ chrultrabook subreddit] for more info ChromeOS has several different boot modes, which are important to understand in the context of modifying your device to run an alternate OS: *Normal/Verified Boot Mode Can only boot Google-signed ChromeOS images Full verification of firmware and OS kernel No root access to the system, no ability to run Linux or boot other OSes Automatically enters Recovery Mode if any step of Verified Boot fails Default / out-of-the-box setting for all ChromeOS devices *Recovery Mode User presented with Recovery Mode boot screen (white screen with 'ChromeOS is missing or damaged') Boots only USB/SD with signed Google recovery image Automatically entered when Verified Boot Mode fails Can be manually invoked: On Chromebooks, via keystroke: [ESC+Refresh+Power] On Chromeboxes, by pressing a physical recovery button at power-on On Convertibles/Tablets, by holding the Power, Vol+, and Vol- buttons for 10s and then release Allows for transition from Verified Boot Mode to Developer Mode On Chromebooks/Chromeboxes, via keystroke: [CTRL+D] On Convertibles/Tablets, via button press: Vol+/Vol- simultaneously Booting recovery media on USB/SD will repartition/reformat internal storage and reload ChromeOS Note: The ChromeOS recovery process does not reset the firmware boot flags (GBB Flags), so if those are changed from the default, they will still need to be reset for factory default post-recovery. *Developer Mode "Jailbreak" mode built-in to every ChromeOS device Loosened security restrictions, allows root/shell access, ability to run Linux via crouton Verified Boot (signature checking) disabled by default, but can be re-enabled Enabled via [CTRL+D] on the Recovery Mode boot screen Boots to the developer mode boot screen (white screen with 'OS verification is off' text), The user can select via keystroke <pre> ChromeOS (in developer mode) on internal storage ( [CTRL+D] ) ChromeOS/ChromiumOS on USB ( [CTRL+U] ) Legacy Boot Mode ( [CTRL+L] ) </pre> Boot screen displays the ChromeOS device/board name in the hardware ID string (eg, PANTHER F5U-C92, which is useful to know in the context of device recovery, firmware support, or in determining what steps are required to install a given alternate OS on the device. *Legacy Boot Mode Unsupported method for booting alternate OSes (Linux, Windows) via the SeaBIOS RW_LEGACY firmware Accessed via [CTRL+L] on the developer mode boot screen Requires explicit enabling in Developer Mode via command line: sudo crossystem dev_boot_legacy=1 Most ChromeOS devices require a RW_LEGACY firmware update first Boots to the (black) SeaBIOS splash screen; if multiple boot devices are available, prompt shows the boot menu Note: If you hear two beeps after pressing [CTRL+L], then either your device doesn't have a valid Legacy Boot Mode / RW_LEGACY firmware installed, or legacy boot capability has not been been enabled via crossystem. https://www.howtogeek.com/278953/how-to-install-windows-on-a-chromebook/ Chromebooks don’t officially support other OSs. You normally can’t even install as Chromebooks ship with a special type of BIOS designed for Chrome OS. But there are ways to install, if you’re willing to get your hands dirty and potentially ruin everything [https://mrchromebox.tech/#devices Firmware Compatibility] [https://wiki.galliumos.org/Hardware_Compatibility Here is the list of hardware that the GalliumOS supports and information on getting Gallium OS on to those devices] Development on GalliumOS has been discontinued, and for most users, GalliumOS is not the best option for running Linux due to lack of hardware support or a kernel that's out of date and lacking important security fixes. Meet Eupnea and Depthboot, the successors to Galliumos and Breath [https://eupnea-linux.github.io This is the bleeding edge] Most older Chromebooks need the write-protect screw removed in order to install MrChromebox's firmware that allows you to install other operating systems. Most newer Chromebooks don't work in the same way as there is no write-protect screw on them. Very rough guide to '''total''' (i.e. all cores / threads) processor performance (AROS usually uses only the [https://gmplib.org/gmpbench one core]) [[#top|...to the top]] <pre> 060000 AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (AM5 170W), 056000 AMD Ryzen 9 5950X, 055000 AMD Ryzen 9 5900X3D, 053000 AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (AM4 105W), AMD Ryzen 9 3950X (105W), 044000 AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D, 042000 AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX, AMD Ryzen 5 5600X3D (AM4 95W), AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5750GE (AM4 35W), 039000 AMD Ryzen 9 5900HS, Intel Core i7-12700T, AMD Ryzen 7 7735HS (8c16t 45W), AMD 8840U, 038000 AMD Ryzen 7 5800H (FP6 45W), AMD Ryzen 7 6800U, Intel Core i5-12490F, Intel Core i5-12500E, 037000 AMD Ryzen 7 5800HS (FP6 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 8500G 8600GE (AM5 6c12t 35W), AMD Ryzen Z2 (8c16t), 036500 AMD Ryzen 7 5700G (AM4 8c16t 65W), AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS, Intel Core i7-12800H, 036200 AMD Ryzen 7 5700GE (AM4 8c16t 35W), AMD Ryzen Z1 Extreme (top TDP), AMD Ryzen 5 8600G (AM5 65W), 036000 AMD Ryzen 5 3600X (Am4 95W), AMD Ryzen 5 5500 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 5600 (65W), 035000 AMD Ryzen 5 6600H, Intel Core i5-12400F, 031000 AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS, Ryzen™ 7 8845HS, AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, 030000 AMD Ryzen 7 4800U, AMD Ryzen 4800H, Intel Core i5-11400F, Intel Zeon E5-2697A V4, 029500 AMD Ryzen 5 4500 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3600 (65W), Apple M3 Pro 12c, 029000 AMD Ryzen 5 4600G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 1700X (AM4 95W), 028500 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U, AMD Ryzen 7 1700 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 7 2700 (65W), Ryzen 3 7540U, 028000 AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U, 5 5560U (FP6 25W 6c12t Zen3), Intel Core i5-13500H, AMD Ryzen 7 4800HS, 027700 AMD Ryzen 9 PRO 7940HS (FP8 65W), AMD 8745HS, AMD Ryzen H255 AI, AMD Ryzen 3 7545U, 027500 AMD Ryzen 3 7736U, AMD Ryzen 5 7640U, 027400 AMD Ryzen 5 8540U, AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE (AM4 6c12t 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650G (AM4 45W), 027300 AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE, AMD Ryzen 5 5600H, AMD Ryzen 7 5825U (FP6 8c16t 15W), 027200 AMD Ryzen 5 6600U, AMD Ryzen 7 2700X, AMD Ryzen 5 5600GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen Z1, 027100 AMD Ryzen 7 7730U (FP6 15W 8c16t), AMD Ryzen 7 5800U (FP6 25W 8c16t), Ryzen 9 4900H, 027000 AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U (8c16t), Ryzen 5 7430U (FP6 6c12t), Ryzen 5 PRO 6650U, Intel 10500H, 026500 AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 7840HS (FP7 65W), AMD Ryzen 7 8840HS, AMD Ryzen Z2 Extreme, 025000 AMD Ryzen 5 5600U (FP6 25W hot 6c12t Zen3), AMD Ryzen 5 2600 (65W), Ryzen 5 7530U, 024500 AMD Ryzen 5 4600HS (FP6 35W 6c12t), Apple M1 Pro, AMD Ryzen 5 5625U (FP6 15W 6c12t), 023700 AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 3500X (AM4 95W), Intel Core i7-9700, 023500 AMD Ryzen 5 1600X (95W), AMD Ryzen 3 5300GE (AM4 4c8t 35W), AMD Ryzen 7 5700U (FP6 25W 8c16t Zen2), 023200 AMD Ryzen 3 7330U (FP6 15W 4c8t), AMD Ryzen 7 4700U (FP6 25W 8c8t), AMD Ryzen 5 4400G, 023000 Intel Core i7-1255U, Intel Core i7 13700H, Ryzen 7640HS, 022000 AMD Ryzen Z2 Go (4c8t), AMD Ryzen 5 5500U (FP6 25W 6c12t Zen2), Snapdragon 8 Elite, 020500 AMD Ryzen 3 4300G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 3 5450U 5425U, AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650U (6c12t), 019500 Intel Core i5-1135G7, AMD Ryzen 5 5500H, AMD Ryzen 5 4600U (FP6 25W 6c), AMD Ryzen 5 2600 (65W), 019250 Intel Core i5-1145G7, 019000 AMD Ryzen 5 3400G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 2500X, AMD Ryzen 5 7520U, AMD Ryzen V3C18I (? 15W), 017750 AMD Ryzen 5 3400GE (AM4 35W), Intel Core i5-8400, AMD Ryzen 5 1500X (AM4 65W), Xbox One Series X, 017500 Intel Core i7-6700K, Intel i5-10400, AMD Ryzen 5 4500U (FP6 25W 6c6t), AMD Ryzen 3 5400U, 017000 AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 3 5300U (FP6 25W 4c8t), Intel Core i5-11300H, 016500 AMD Ryzen 7 3750H, AMD Ryzen Embedded V1756B (FP5 45W), AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 4200GE, SD G3 Gen3, 016250 Intel Core i5-1035G7, intel core i5 7600 (4c4t 65W), 016000 AMD Ryzen 5 2400G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3550H, Ryzen 5 PRO 3350GE (4c 8t), Intel Core i5-8500T, 015500 AMD Ryzen Embedded R2544, 015000 AMD Ryzen 3 7320U, Ryzen 7 3700U, Ryzen 3200G (AM4 65W), Intel Core i7-8550U, Intel Core i5-1035G1, 014000 AMD Ryzen 5 2400GE (AM4 35W), Intel Core i7-6700T, AMD Ryzen 5 3550U, 013500 AMD Ryzen 5 3500U (FP5 15W 4c8t), AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, AMD Athlon Gold 4150GE, AMD Ryzen 5 3450U, 013250 AMD Ryzen 3 3200GE (AM4 45W), AMD Ryzen 3 1300X (65W), AMD Ryzen 3 2200G, Xbox One Series S, 013000 AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B (FP5 25W), AMD Ryzen 2700U, AMD Ryzen R2514, 012500 AMD Ryzen 5 2500U (FP5 25W 4c8t), Intel Core i3-8300T, Intel Xeon X5680, Intel i3-1115G4 (2c4t), 012300 Intel Core i7-8565U, Intel Core i5-8350U, Intel Core i7-8700, Allwinner A733 (2 A76, 6 A55), 012200 ARM Cortex-X3 Prime Snapdragon SD8G2 Gen2 4nm 64-bit Kryo CPU, i5-8250U (4c8t), 012000 AMD Ryzen 3 2200GE, AMD Ryzen 3 1200 (65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3500C, 011500 AMD Ryzen 3 3300U, Intel Core i3-8100T, Intel Core i5-8265U, Intel i5-10210U, CORE i5-10310U, 010500 AMD Ryzen 3 2300U (FP5 25W 4c4t), Allwinner A527 (8 A55), Intel i5 4690K, 010300 Intel Core i7-3630QM, Intel Core i5-6600T, Intel Core i5-4670K, 010200 Intel Core i5-6440HQ, Intel Core i7-3610QM, Snapdragon SD865, 010000 AMD FX-8320E (AM3+ 125W 8c8t), Intel Core i5-7500T, Intel Core i5-4690, Intel i5 4690T, 009000 Spectrum Unisoc Tiger T7280 (T620), Cortex-X2, MediaTek Dimensity 1300 (4 A78, 4 A55), 008700 AMD FX-6130 (AM3+ 90W 6c6t), Intel Core i5-7400T, Intel Core i5-4590T, 008500 Intel Core i5-6500T, AMD Athlon 300GE (AM4, 35W), AMD Athlon Gold 7220U, 008000 AMD Ryzen R1606G (FP5 15W), AMD FX-6300 (AM3 65W 6c6t), Intel Core i5-2500K, 007500 AMD Ryzen 3 3200U, AMD Ryzen 3 3250U, Intel Alderlake ULX N100 / N95, 007200 AMD Ryzen 3 2200U (FP5 25W 2c4t), Intel Core i3-7100T, Intel Twinlakes N150 N200, Xbox(TM) One S, 007100 AMD Ryzen R1505G (FP5, 15W), RK3576 4 A72, 4 A53, Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, Intel i7-6600U and 7600U, 006600 Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 5G, AMD Athlon 300U (FP5 2c4t 15W), Intel Core i7-7500U, AMD V1202B, 006500 Intel Core i7-6500U, AMD Athlon Gold 3150U, Intel Celeron N5105 (FCBGA1338 15W), SD 685, 006300 Intel Core i3-8130U (15W), Intel Celeron N5095 (FCBGA1338 15W), Intel Core i3-6100T, 006100 Intel Core i5-6300U, Intel Core i5-7200U (2c4t), Intel i7-5500U, Intel Core i7-6600U (2c4t), 006000 Intel Core i5-6200U (2c4t), Intel Core i3-7130U, Intel i7-4500U, Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 4G, 005950 Intel Core i5-4570T, Intel Core i5-5257U, Rockchip RK3588 (4 A76, 4 A55), Snapdragon 7325, 005900 Intel Xeon X5550, Intel Core i5-4300M, MediaTek Dimensity 1200 (4 A78, 4 A55), Unisoc 7255 (T616), 005800 Intel Celeron J4125 J4105 (FCBGA1090 15W), Intel Core i5-3470T, AMD A8-6600K APU, AMD 3015E (2c4t), 005600 Intel Core i5-3360M, Intel Core i7-3520M, Intel Core i5-4210M, Intel Pentium G4600T, 005400 MediaTek Dimensity 900 (2 A78, 6 A55), AMD Athlon Silver 7120U, Snapdragon 860, 005300 AMD PRO A12-9800B 7th Gen APU (FP4 15W), AMD FX-4300 4c4t, AMD Ryzen R1305G, 005250 Intel Core i5-3230M, AMD FX-7600P, Intel Pentium G4400, Unisoc T7200 (Unisoc T606 2 A76, 6 A55), 005200 AMD PRO A10-8770E, AMD A10-9700E, AMD PRO A10-9700B (FP4 15W), Intel Core i3-4130T, 005100 AMD RX-427BB (FP3 15W), AMD A10-9620P, AMD A12-9720P, Intel Core i3-8145U, AMD A12-9830B, 005050 AMD A8-5500 (FM2 65W), AMD A10 PRO-7800B APU, Intel Pentium Silver N5000, Intel Core i7-5500U, 005000 Intel Core i5-5300U, Intel Core i5-3320M (2c4t), Intel Core i5-5350U, Unisoc T618 (2 A73 6 A53), 004900 Intel Core i5-4300U, Intel Core i5-5200U, Intel Core i3-4100M, Snapdragon 662 (SM6115), 004860 Intel Core i7-2620M, Intel Core i7-2640M, AMD Athlon Silver 3050U 3050e, Intel i3-7020U, 004650 Intel Core i5-2520M (2c4t), Intel Core i5-3210M, AMD A10-9600P (FP4 4c 15W), Pentium 4415U, 004625 Intel Core i3-7100U (FCBGA1356 15W), ARM A76 RK3588S, AMD A10-6800B APU, 004600 AMD PRO A8-9600B, AMD PRO A12-8830B, AMD PRO A10-8730B, AMD A12-9700P, Intel Core i3-6100U, 004200 AMD A10-8700P A8-8600P, Intel Core i5-4200U, Intel Core i5-2540M, Intel i3-6006U, Intel i3-4150T, 004000 Intel Core i5-2430M, AMD PRO A8-8600B, AMD 3020e, Intel Core i3-5005U, Mediatek MT6797 Helio X20, 003850 Intel Core i5-2410M (2c4t), Intel Core i3-2120 (LGA1155 65W), Mediatek MT8786, 003800 AMD A10-4600M APU, AMD A10 PRO-7350B APU, AMD A10-5750M APU, Rockchip RK3399, 003600 AMD A8-6500T APU, AMD A8-7410 APU, AMD PRO A6-8550B, AMD A8-5550M (4c4t), 003500 AMD GX-424CC SOC (FT3b 25W 4c4t), ARM A75 Unisoc Tiger T610 (Spreadtrum) (8c 5W), 003400 AMD A10-7300 APU, AMD A6-7310 APU, AMD A8-6410, AMD A10-5745M APU, Intel Core i3-4000M, 003350 Intel Pentium G2020, Intel Core i3-3120M (G2 2c4t), AMD R-464L APU, Intel® Core m5-6Y57 (2c4t), 003300 AMD GX-420CA SOC (FT3 BGA769 25W), AMD A6-9500E, Intel Celeron N4200, AMD A6-5200 ( 25W 2c2t), 003200 AMD A6-6310 APU, AMD A6-6400B APU, AMD A6-8570E, AMD A8-4500M APU, AMD A6-7400K APU 003000 AMD A8-7150B, AMD A9-9410, A9-9420, A9-9425, AMD A6-8500B (FP4 15W), AMD A8-7100, 002900 AMD PRO A6-8530B, AMD A6-8500P, AMD A8-3500M APU, Intel Core i3-2120T, 002700 AMD Embedded GX-420GI (FP4 15W), AMD PRO A6-9500B, AMD GX-415GA, AMD A4-6210 APU, 002600 AMD A6-9225, AMD A8-4555M APU, AMD A4-5000 APU (FT3 15W), AMD A6-9220, AMD A6-3420M APU, 002450 Intel Celeron 2950M, Intel Pentium N3700, Intel Core i3-2350M, Allwinner A523 (8 A55), 002400 Intel Celeron N3150, Intel Core i3-2330M, Intel Xeon W3505, AMD A6-9210, Allwinner H618 (4 A53), 002300 Intel Celeron N3350, AMD A4-9120, AMD A4-9125, Intel Core i3-2310M, Intel Celeron 3865U, 002200 AMD A9-9420e, AMD A6-5350M APU, AMD E2-6110 APU, AMD E2-9000e, Celeron N4500, Intel N3710, 002000 AMD GX-412HC, AMD A4-4300M APU, AMD A6 PRO-7050B APU, AMD A6-4400M APU, AMD A6-7000, 001925 Intel Core2 Duo E6700, Intel Pentium Extreme Edition 965, Intel Core i3-370M, Celeron N4020, 001750 Intel Core i3-2365M 2375M, AMD A4-9120C, Intel Core2 Duo T8300, Qualcomm MSM8939, 001600 AMD GX-222GC (BGA769 FT3b 15W), AMD A4-9120e, AMD Embedded GX-215JJ, AMD A4-4355M APU, 001550 Intel Core2 Duo SL9400 T7600 T6600, AMD E2-3200, AMD A6-9220e, Mediatek MT8783, AMD E2-3800, 001500 AMD GX-218GL SOC, AMD A6-4455M, AMD A4-5150M APU, ARM A55 RK3566 (4c 3W), Intel Core2 Duo T8100, 001400 AMD GX-217GA SOC, ARM Cortex-A53 4c4t H700, AMD A4-3300M APU, Allwinner A133P A64 (4 A53), 001300 AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-64 TL-62, Intel Core2 Duo T7300, Intel Core2 Duo T5600, AMD RX-216TD, 001250 AMD GX-412TC SOC, AMD A4-3320M APU, AMD Athlon 64 X2 QL-66, Intel Core2 Duo T7200 001200 AMD Athlon 64 X2 2c TK-57, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-60 RM-74, AMD E1-2500, AMD E2-7015, 001150 Intel Core2 Duo T5550, Intel Core2 Duo L7500, AMD E2-3000M APU, ARM A35 RK3266, AMD E2-7110, 001100 Intel Core2 Duo T5300, AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800, Intel Core2 Duo E4300, Mediatek MT8127, 001050 AMD E1-6010 APU, Intel Pentium T4300, Intel Celeron N2840, 001050 AMD Athlon 64 FX-57, AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core TK-55, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-52 001000 Intel Core2 Duo T5500, Intel Core2 Duo L7300, Intel Core2 Duo SU9400, 000950 AMD G-T56N, AMD Athlon 64 3100+, AMD E2-2000 APU, 000950 AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-50, AMD E1-2200 APU, Intel Celeron U3400, 000925 AMD TurionX2 Dual Core Mobile RM-72, AMD Sempron 140 000920 Intel Celeron SU2300, Intel Core2 Duo T5200, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-56 000890 AMD E2-1800 APU, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-58 000880 AMD G-T56E, AMD G-T48E, 000860 AMD E-450 APU, AMD E-350 APU, AMD Athlon LE-1620 000820 AMD A4-1250 APU, AMD Athlon LE-1600, 000810 AMD E1-2100 APU, Intel Core Duo T2500, 000810 Intel Atom D510, Intel Core2 Duo U7500, 000800 AMD Geode NX 2400+, AMD Turion 64 Mobile ML-42, AMD Athlon II Neo K325, 000760 AMD V140, AMD E1-1200 APU, AMD Athlon 64 3300+, 000730 Intel Core Duo T2400, AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK-38, AMD Sempron 3600+, 000700 Intel Core2 Duo U7600 U7700, AMD Sempron LE-1200, AMD V120 000680 AMD GX-212JC SOC, AMD E-300 APU, AMD A4-1200 APU, 000670 AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK-36 ML-37 ML-40, Mobile AMD Sempron 3800+ 000640 Intel Atom N2600, Intel Atom N570, Mobile AMD Athlon 64 3200+ 000640 Intel Core Duo T2300, Intel Core Duo T2050, 000630 VIA Eden X2 U4200, AMD Sempron LE-1100, AMD Sempron 3100+ 3600+, 000620 AMD C-70 C70 APU, Intel Atom 330, AMD G-T40N, AMD Athlon Neo MV-40, 000610 Intel Core2 Duo U7300, AMD Athlon II Neo K125 K145, 000600 Intel Atom N550, Intel Pentium 4, AMD Athlon 64 2800+, 000580 AMD C-60 C60, AMD G-T40E, AMD Sempron LE-1250 000530 AMD C-50 C50, Intel Celeron M 723, AMD Sempron 210U, 000490 AMD GX-210JA SOC, PowerPC 970 G5 IBM's 970 server CPU (2c), 000470 Mobile AMD Sempron 3500+, Mobile AMD Athlon XP-M 2200+, 000460 AMD Athlon XP 2500+, AMD Sempron 3500+, Mobile Intel Pentium 4, 000440 Intel Atom D425, Intel Atom N470, POWER 4 PPC, 000410 Intel Pentium M, Intel Celeron M, AMD Sempron 2300+ 000400 Intel Atom N450, AMD Sempron 2400+, 000340 Intel Atom D410, AMD G-T52R, AMD C-30, AMD Sempron 2200+ 000330 Intel Atom N455, Intel Atom N280, Intel Atom N270 (1c1t 2W), Intel P3, 000320 Freescale NXP QorIQ P1022 000310 PowerPC G4 7447 1Ghz (1c1t 15W), PPC440 core, 000230 PowerPC PPC G3/PPC 750, 000160 Pentium II, Motorola 68060 000080 Intel 80486, Motorola 68030, 000040 Intel 80386, 000030 Motorola 68020 000008 Motorola 68000 </pre> === Recommended hardware (32-bit) === [[#top|...to the top]] Recommended hardware is hardware that has been tested with latest release of AROS and is relatively easy to purchase second hand (ie. ebay). This hardware also comes with commitment that compatibility will be maintained with each future release. If in future decision will be made to drop any of the recommended hardware from the list (for example due to it no longer being available for purchase), such hardware will move to list of legacy supported systems and will have an indicated end of life date so that users have time to switch to other hardware. {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" | <!--OK-->{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || <!--Not working-->{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || <!--Not applicable-->{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}} |- |} ==== Virtual Hardware ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="45%" |Comments |- | VirtualBox 7.x (Other/Unknown template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|PCNET32<br/>E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments--> |- | VMware 16+ (Other32 template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments--> |- | QEMU 8.x ("pc" and "q35" machines) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments--> |- |} ==== Laptops ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="45%" |Comments |- | ACER Aspire One ZG5 || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(IDE)}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|RTL8169}} || {{Yes|ATHEROS}} || NOT APPLICABLE || <!--Comments--> |- | Dell Latitude D520 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|BCM4400}} || {{No|}} || {{Yes|Atheros AR5BXB63}} || * select Intel Core 2 64-bit version, not Celeron 32-bit version <br/> * replace WiFi card to get wireless working |- |} ==== Desktop Systems ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="45%" |Comments |- | Fujitsu Futro S720 || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * no 2D/3D acceleration<br/> * use USB ports at back |- |} ==== Motherboards ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="45%" |Comments |- | ASUS P8Z68V LX || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * add external PCIe video card for better performance |- | Gigabyte GA-MA770T UD3/UD3P || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * requires external PCIe video card |- | ASUS M2N68-AM SE2 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|NVIDIA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|NVNET}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * connecting a disk via SATA connector is not supported at this time <br/> * add external PCIe video card for better performance |- | Gigabyte GA-H55M-S2H || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * add external PCIe video card for better performance |- |} ==== Legacy supported hardware ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="10%" |EOL ! width="35%" |Comments |- | iMica || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || 2026-12-31 || |- | Gigabyte GA-MA770 UD3 || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(IDE)}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || 2026-12-31 || * requires external PCIe video card |- |} === Recommended hardware (64-bit) === [[#top|...to the top]] Recommended hardware is hardware that has been tested with latest release of AROS and is relatively easy to purchase second hand (ie. ebay). This hardware also comes with commitment that compatibility will be maintained with each future release. ==== Virtual Hardware ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="45%" |Comments |- | VirtualBox 7.x (Other/Unknown (64-bit) template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|PCNET32<br/>E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support |- | VMware 16+ (Other64 template) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support |- | QEMU 8.x ("pc" and "q35" machines) || {{Yes|IDE<br/>SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support |- |} ==== Motherboards ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" ! width="20%" |Name ! width="5%" |Storage ! width="5%" |Gfx ! width="5%" |Audio ! width="5%" |Ethernet ! width="5%" |Wireless ! width="10%" |Additional hardware ! width="45%" |Comments |- | ASUS P8Z68V LX || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support |- |} ==References== [[#top|...to the top]] {{reflist}} {{BookCat}} ajnuqz9p9burjswwtbf3149qcv2bhtl 0 245806 4641022 3548577 2026-06-23T19:27:41Z ~2026-36336-75 3609435 /* Equational Sentences (e.g., "She is a doctor") */ 4641022 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Simple Sentences== ===Equational Sentences (e.g., "She is a doctor")=== In English, to say that one thing is another thing (for example, "Alex is a parrot"), we use the verb "to be." In Kyrgyz (as in many other languages), we don't have to use a verb. Two nouns (both in the nominative) can form a complete sentence, without any word specifically translating the English "is." For example:<br /> <br /> ал &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;доктор. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“(S)he is a doctor.”<br /> (S)he &nbsp;&nbsp;"doctor"<br /> <br /> However, Kyrgyz also uses a number of personal endings to reinforce the relationship of the second noun to the first. These endings appear in the first and second person.<br /> <br /> Мен доктормун &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; “I am a doctor.” "I" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“doctor”+personal ending <br /> Here is the set of endings required for making these sorts of sentences: <table style="text-align:center;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:5px;background:white;" cellpadding=5px align=left width=100% > <tr style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:whitesmoke;"> <th width=50% >Pronoun</th> <th width=50% >Ending</th> </tr> <tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <td align=left>мен</td> <td>м→н</td> </tr> <tr style="background:whitesmoke;"> <td align=left>сен</td> <td>с→ң</td> </tr> <tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <td align=left>сиз</td> <td>с→з</td> </tr> <tr style="background:whitesmoke;"> <td align=left>ал</td> <td>none</td> </tr> <tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <td align=left>биз</td> <td>б→з</td> </tr> <tr style="background:whitesmoke;"> <td align=left>силер</td> <td>с→ӊ←р</td> </tr> <tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <td align=left>сиздер</td> <td>с→зд←р</td> </tr> <tr style="background:whitesmoke;"> <td align=left>алар</td> <td>none</td> </table> <br /> So:<br /> <br /> мугалим: “teacher”<br /> <br /> Мен мугалиммин: “I am a teacher.”<br /> <br /> Сен мугалимсиң: “You are a teacher.”<br /> <br /> Сиз мугалимсиз: “You (formal) are a teacher.”<br /> <br /> Ал мугалим: “(S)he is a teacher.”<br /> <br /> Биз мугалимбиз: “We are teachers.”<br /> <br /> Силер мугалимсиӊер: “You are teachers.”<br /> <br /> Сиздер мугалимсиздер: “You (formal plural) are teachers.”<br /> <br /> Алар мугалим: “They are teachers.”<br /> <br /> The plural sense is carried by the personal ending alone, so the suffix д←р is unnecessary. However, it may still be seen in the case of the third person plural. (“Алар мугалимдер”)<br /> <br /> The only personal ending that changes its first letter is б→з. If it is added to a noun that ends in a voiceless consonant, the б becomes is voiceless counterpart п.<br /> <br /> Биз конокпуз. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“We are guests.”<br /> we “guest”+personal ending<br /> <br /> ====Negation of Equational Sentences==== These sentences are negated with the particle эмес, which follows the predicate noun. (that is, the second noun in the sentence.)<br /> <br /> Ал мугалим эмес: “(S)he is not a teacher.”<br /> <br /> In these cases, the negative particle takes the personal ending.<br /> <br /> Мен мугалим эмесмин: “I am not a teacher.”<br /> <br /> Similar constructions can be formed with adjectives, and function in much the same way. <br /> <br /> Бул жакшы: “This one is good.” <br /> Мен кытай эмесмин, мен кыргызмын “I‘m not Chinese, I‘m Kyrgyz.”<br /> "I" “Chinese” &nbsp;not &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"I" &nbsp;&nbsp;"Kyrgyz" ====Past Tense of Equational Sentences==== <br /> The past tense of sorts of sentences given above is formed by following the predicate noun with the verb "бол", to which are added past-tense and personal endings:<br /> <br /> Мен мугалиммин. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"I am a teacher."<br /> "I" &nbsp;&nbsp;"teacher" + м→н<br /> <br /> Мен мугалим болчумун.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "I was a teacher."<br /> "I" &nbsp;&nbsp;"teacher" &nbsp;бол + чу + м→н<br /> <br /> Мен мугалим болгон жокмун.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "I was not a teacher."<br /> "I" &nbsp;&nbsp;"teacher" &nbsp;бол + (past tense)гон жок+мун <br /> <br /> Ал мугалим болчу.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "He was a teacher."<br /> "He" "teacher" болчу<br /> <br /> ===There is/There are/There is not/There are not=== <br /> “There is”/ “There are” is usually rendered in Kyrgyz by the verb-particle “бар.”<br /> <br /> Столдо &nbsp;&nbsp;ручка &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; бар. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“There is a pen on the table.”<br /> "table"(loc) &nbsp;"pen" &nbsp;"there is" <br /> <br /> Анын бөлмөсүндө эки стүл бар.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“There are two chairs in his/her room.”<br /> "his/her" (gen) "room" possessive(loc) "two" "chair" "there are"<br /> <br /> This construction is negated by жок.<br /> Столдо &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ручка &nbsp;&nbsp;жок. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“There is not a pen on the table.”<br /> "table"(loc) "pen" "there is not"<br /> <br /> This construction is also used with the genitive or the locative to translate the English “to have.” That is covered more thoroughly in the section on translating "to have."<br /> <br /> ===Here is/Here are=== The particle мына can be used to translate the English “here is, here are.” <br /> <br /> Мына &nbsp;&nbsp;пасспортум &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"Here is my passport."<br /> "Here is" &nbsp;"passport" my<br /> It can also carry a sense like “right here.” Generally, it can be used in many of the senses of the Russian вот.<br /> <br /> ===“To Have”=== There are two ways of expressing “to have” in Kyrgyz. Both use the words бар (“there is, there are”) or in the negative, жок (“there is not, there are not”).<br /> <br /> One way is to use the genitive case and a possessive ending.<br /> <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Менин &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ручкам &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;бар &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“I have a pen.”<br /> 1st pers. gen &nbsp;“my pen” &nbsp;"there is"<br /> <br /> Анын &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ручкасы &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;жок.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"(S)he does not have a pen.”<br /> 3rd gen &nbsp;"his/her pen" &nbsp;"there is not"<br /> <br /> Another way to do it is by using the locative without any personal endings.<br /> <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Менде &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ручка &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;бар &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"I have a pen."<br /> 1st pers. loc. &nbsp;&nbsp;"pen" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"there is"<br /> <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ceнде &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ручка &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;жок. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"You don’t have a pen."<br /> 2nd pers loc &nbsp;"pen" &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"there is not" {{BookCat}} 3ofz5rz1a44cyv18h10dzhj6fipa5xs 0 259159 4641000 4622503 2026-06-23T13:27:00Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4641000 wikitext text/x-wiki ''[[Special:search/vocabulary prefix:Pinyin/]]'' {{NOTE|[[Pinyin#Pinyin tone marking]]}} {{Wikipedia|English language}} {{Wikipedia|Hanzi}} {{Wikipedia|Pinyin}} {{Wikibooks|English-Hanzi}} {{Wikibooks|Pinyin}} {{Wikibooks|Pinyin/Problem of Hanzi application in IT}} {{Wikiversity|English-Chinese}} {{Wikiversity|English-Pinyin}} =Pinyin-Hanzi-English Chinese-English dictionary= ==A== <poem> * a! 啊 ah! * ā 锕 --> See actinium * Ā- 阿 a prefix used before a monosyllablic name * ābà 阿爸 <topolect> father, dad, daddy * A-bǎn - A版 - <Taiwan> A-print (a record printed off locally produced master copy) * Ābí Dìyù 阿鼻地狱 --> See Avici Dìyù * ābīnggē 阿兵哥 <Taiwan> soldier * ābó 阿伯 <topolect> brother-in-law (husband's elder brother) * Ābōluó 阿波罗 --> See Apollo * Āchāngzú 阿昌族 [[w:Achang|Achang]] ethnic minority in Yunan, China. * actinium - actinium - [[w:Actinium|actinium]] is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Ac * ādì 阿弟 <topolect> younger brother * ādiē 阿爹 <topolect> father * Afghanistan - Afghanistan - [[w:Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] | ~ wèiyú [[w:China|Zhōngguó]] d xīmiàn. ~ is located at the west side of China. * Āfùhàn 阿富汗 --> See Afghanistan * ài 爱 to love; n. love * āidào 哀悼 to mourn * Āijí 埃及 --> See Egypt * áizhèng 癌症 cancer * Ālābō 阿拉伯 --> See Arab * Ālābō Liánméng 阿拉伯联盟 --> See Arab Liánméng * alpha shèxiàn - alpha射线 - alpha ray, α-ray * al-Qaeda - al-Qaeda - [[w:al-Qaeda|al-Qaeda]] is a global broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden * àndàn 暗淡 gloomy * ānpái 安排 to arrange * ānquán 安全 safety, security; adj. safe, secure * ānzhuāng 安装 to install, to erect, to fix, to mount * Àobāmǎ 奥巴马 --> See Obama * Àolínpǐkè 奥林匹克 --> See Olympics * Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì 奥林匹克运动会 --> See Olympics Yùndònghuì * Àomén 澳门 [[w:Aomen|Aomen]], Macau, Macao | ~ shì [[w:China|Zhōngguó]] nánbù d [[w:Special administrative region|tèbié xíngzhèngqū]]. Macau is a special administrative region in the south of China. * Àoyùnhuì 奥运会 short form for Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì * Apollo - Apollo - [[w:Apollo|Apollo]] is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek * Arab - Arab - [[w:Arab world|Arab world]] * Arab Liánméng - Arab联盟 - [[w:Arab League|Arab League]] * Avici Dìyù - Avici地狱 - <Buddhism> [[w:Avici|the Avici Hell]] </poem> ==B== <poem> * ba 吧 modal particle: (making mild imperative); (acknowledgment); (uncertainty); (pause) * bā 八 eight, 8 * bǎ 把 an auxiliary verb for indicating pre-verbal object as thing dealt with by the action * bàchù 罢黜 oust, dismiss from office * Bāgédá 巴格达 --> See Baghdad * Baghdad - Baghdad - [[w:Baghdad|Baghdad]] | ~ shì Iraq d shǒudū. ~ is the capital of Iraq. * bái 白 n. white; adj. --> See ~ d * bái d 白的 adj. white; clear * bǎi 百 hundred * bāibai 拜拜 --> bye-bye * báinèizhàng 白内障 <medicine> cataract * báipíshū 白皮书 white paper * bǎiwàn 百万 million * Bājīsītǎn 巴基斯坦 --> Pakistan * bàn 半 half * bàn 办 to do, to handle, to manage * -Bāng 邦 state, province * bǎngjià 绑架 to kidnap, to abduct; abduction * Bangkok - Bangkok - [[w:Bangkok|Bangkok]] | ~ shì Tàiguó d shǒudū. ~ is the capital of Thailand. * bāngzhù 帮助 to help; a help * Bani Walid - Bani Walid - [[w:Bani Walid|Bani Walid]] is a town in [[w:Libya|Libya]], in the [[w:Misrata District|Misrata District]] * bǎo'ān 保安 security * bǎo'ānbù 保安部 security department * bǎobiāo 保镖 bodyguard * bǎochí 保持 to keep, to remain * bàodǎo 报导 a report; to report * bàodào 报道 a report; to report * bàofā 爆发 to break out * bàofēngyǔ 暴风雨 rainstorm, storm * bàofù 报复 to avenge, to revenge, to retaliate; a revenge, reprisal * bàofù 抱负 ambition, aspiration * bàogào 报告 a report; to report * bǎohù 保护 to protect * bāokuò 包括 to include * bàolì 暴力 n. violence; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * bàolì d 暴力的 violent * bàolì dy 暴力地 violently * bàoluàn 暴乱 riot * bǎoshǒudǎng 保守党 conservative party * bàozhà 爆炸 a blast, explosion; to explode * bǎozhèng 保证 to pledge, to guarantee; a pledge, a guarantee * bàozhǐ 报纸 newspaper * bāshì 巴士 --> See bus * Bāshìlā 巴士拉 --> See Basra * bāshìzhàn 巴士站 bus station, bus stop * Basra - Basra - [[w:Basra|Basra]] | ~ shì Iraq dōngnánbù d chéngshì. ~ is a city in south-eastern Iraq. * BBC - BBC - [[w:BBC|BBC]], British Broadcasting Corporation * běi 北 n. north; adj. north; adv. north * bèi- 被 by; be (passive signifier) * běibù 北部 the north, northern part * Běi Dàxī Yáng 北大西洋 the North Atlantic Ocean * Běi Dàxī Yáng Gōngyuē Zǔzhī 北大西洋公约组织 --> See Nato * Běidǒu 北斗 the Big Dipper, the Plow * bèifú 被俘 be captured * Běijīng 北京 [[w:Beijing|Beijing]] | ~ shì Zhōngguó d shǒudū. Beijing is the capital of China. * bēijù 悲剧 tragedy * bèijūliúzhě 被拘留者 detainee * bèipò 被迫 be forced * bèishā 被杀 be killed * bèixuǎn 被选 be elected * Belgium - Belgium - [[w:Belgium|Belgium]] | ~ shi Xī Ōu guójia. ~ is a country in Western Europe. * běn 本 root; foundation; capital; book; this; a measure word for * -běn 本 this; a measure word for books * bēngkuì 崩溃 to collapse; a collapse * bǐ 比 compared to; to compare * -bǐ 笔 a measure word for money * biān 边 side * biàn 便 then * biàn 变 to change * biànbù 遍布 spread all over * biànchéng 变成 to become * biānjiè 边界 n. border * biànmì 便秘 constipation * biǎoshì 表示 to express * biāozhǔn 标准 standard * bié 别 don't * Bǐlìshí 比利时 --> See Belgium * bìmiǎn 避免 to prevent, to avoid * bìng 并 equally, simultaneously; actually, truely; and * bīngbáo 冰雹 hail, hailstone * bìngdú 病毒 virus * bìnglì 病例 case (of disease) * bìngqiě 并且 also, and, besides, furthermore * bìngwēi 病危 be critically ill * bīngxiāng 冰箱 refrigerator * bīnlín 濒临 be close to * bìrán 必然 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy; n. <philosophy> necessity * bìrán d 必然的 certain * bìrán dy 必然地 certainly * bǐsà 比萨 --> See pizza * bǐsàbǐng 比萨饼 --> See pizza * bìxū 必须 must * bìyèshēng 毕业生 graduate * bōkuǎn 拨款 to allocate funds * Boko Haram - Boko Haram - [[w:Boko Haram|Boko Haram]], a militant organization based in the northeast of Nigeria * Bōsī Wān 波斯湾 --> See Persian Gulf * -bu- 不 be unable to * bù 不 not; no * bù- 不 non-, un- * -bù 部 department; a measure word for film, large books, machines, etc. * bǔchōng 补充 to replenish; supplement * bùdàng 不当 unsuitable, inappropriate * bùduì 部队 army, force, troop * bùfen 部分 part; a part of, partial * bùgòu 不够 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. insufficiently * bùgòu d 不够的 not enough, insufficient; not good enough * bùguǎn 不管 despite * bùhuì 不会 won't * bùjiǔ 不久 shortly, soon * bùluò 部落 tribe * bùmén 部门 department * bùnéng 不能 cannot * Burma - Burma --> See Myanmar * bus - bus - [[w:bus|bus]] * Bush - Bush - [[w:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]]; [[w:George H. W. Bush|George H. W. Bush]] * Bùshí 布什 --> Bush * Bùshū 布殊 --> Bush * bùshǔ 部署 to deploy * bùtóng 不同 v. to differ; adj. --> See ~ d; n. difference; adv. --> See ~ dy * bùtóng d 不同的 different * bùtóng dy 不同地 differently * bùxíng 步行 go on food, to walk * bùzhǎng 部长 minister, secretary * bùzhòu 步骤 step, move, measure * bùzú 不足 not enough; shortage * bye-bye - bye-bye - bye-bye </poem> ==C== <poem> * cái 才 then; just * cáijiǎn 裁减 to reduce, to cut down * cǎinà 采纳 to adopt, to accept * Cairo - Cairo - [[w:Cairo|Cairo]] | ~ shì Egypt d shǒudū. ~ is the capital of Egypt. * cáizhèng 财政 finance * cáizhèngbù 财政部 treasury, treasury department, ministry of finance * Canada - Canada - [[w:Canada|Canada]], a country in North America * cánhái 残骸 wreck * cānjiā 参加 to join, to attend * cāntīng 餐厅 restaurant * cèlüè 策略 strategy * céngjīng 曾经 ever, at one time or another * chàbuduō 差不多 nearly * chāihuǐ 拆毁 to demolish, to tear down * cháiyóu 柴油 diesel oil * cháiyóujī 柴油机 diesel engine * cháng 长 long * chángshì 尝试 to attempt, to try * chǎnpǐn 产品 product * chāoguò 超过 to exceed * cháoshèngzhě 朝圣者 pilgrim * Cháoxiān 朝鲜 [[w:North Korea|North Korea]] * chāoyuè 超越 to exceed * chāozhòng 超重 be overweight; overload * chē 车 car * chèjūn 撤军 to withdraw troops * chēliàng 车辆 vehicle * chéng 成 to become * chéngběn 成本 cost * chénggōng 成功 v. to succeed; n. success; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * chénggōng d 成功的 successful * chénggōng dy 成功地 successfully * chéngguǒ 成果 achievement, result * chéngkè 乘客 passenger * chénglì 成立 to found, to establish; be passed * chéngnuò 承诺 to promise * chéngrèn 承认 to recognize, to admit, to accept, to validate * chéngshì 城市 city * chéngwéi 成为 become * chéngyuán 成员 member * chéngyuánguó 成员国 member country * chéngzuò 乘坐 to ride as a passenger * chètuì 撤退 to withdraw, to pull out * chēzhàn 车站 station * chī 吃 to eat * chīdāizhèng 痴呆症 dementia * chīféi 痴肥 obesity * chī-le 吃了 ate (past of eat) * chíxù 持续 to continue, to persist; persistent * chóngbài 崇拜 worship * chóngkāi 重开 reopen * chōngtū 冲突 clash, conflict * chǒuwén 丑闻 scandal * chū 出 go out, come out, to exit * chuān 穿 to penetrate, to pierce through; to wear, to put on, be dressed in * chuán 船 boat, ship * chuāngjìn 闯进 to break in * chuántǒng 传统 tradition * chuányìyuán 传译员 interpreter * chuānzhuó 穿着 dress, apparel, clothes * chǔjué 处决 to execute * chūkǒu 出口 export * chūlái 出来 come out * chǔlǐ 处理 to deal with, to handle * chūnjì 春季 spring, springtime * chūtǔ 出土 be unearthed * chūwài 出外 go outside * chūxiàn 出现 to appear * chǔyú 处于 be (in a certain condition) * -cì 次 time, occurrence (a verbal measure word) * cìjī 刺激 to stimulate, to boost; to provoke, to irritate, to upset * cíqù 辞去 to resign (transitive) * císhàn 慈善 charity * cízhí 辞职 to resign a job; resignation * coffee - coffee - [[w:coffee|coffee]] * coffee-diàn - coffee店 - cafe, coffee shop * Colombia - Colombia - [[w:Colombia|Colombia]], is a country in the northwest of South America. * cóng 从 from * cuīhuǐ 摧毁 to destroy * cùjìn 促进 to boost, to promote * cūnmín 村民 villager * cūnzhǎng 村长 village head * cūnzhuāng 村庄 village * cuòcíqiángyìng d 措辞强硬的 strongly-worded * cuòshī 措施 measure, step * Czechs - Czechs - [[w:Czech Republic|Czechs]] </poem> ==D== <poem> * d 的 indicating subordination; a suffix indicating an adjective --> See also dy and de * dǎ 打 to beat, to hit, to strike; to fight * dǎ- 打 to make, to do * dà 大 big, large, great * dàbùfèn 大部分 major part; most * dǎbupò 打不破 v. be unable to break; adj. --> See ~ d * dǎbupò d 打不破的 unbreakable * dàchén 大臣 minister, chancellor, secretary * dáchéng 达成 to reach (an agreement); to accomplish (a task) * dàdà 大大 greatly * dádào 达到 to reach * dǎdepò 打得破 v. be able to break; adj. --> See ~ d * dǎdepò d 打得破的 breakable * dǎdòu 打斗 to fight, to struggle * dàfúdù 大幅度 n. a big margin; adv. --> See ~ dy * dàfúdù dy 大幅度地 to a great extent, substantially, by a wide margin, drastically, substantially * dàguó 大国 great nation, big country * dàhēng 大亨 tycoon * dài 带 a belt, a band, a girdle; a tire; a zone; to take, to bring; to lead; to look after, to raise * dàibiǎotuán 代表团 delegation, mission * dàibǔ 逮捕 to arrest * dàilǐng-xià 带领下 lead by * dǎjī 打击 to hit * dàjiā 大家 all of us * dàjiàotáng 大教堂 cathedral * dàliàng 大量 n. large quantity; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * dàliàng d 大量的 a great lot of, a large quantity of, a mass of * dàliàng dy 大量地 in large quantities * dàlóu 大楼 multi-storied building, mansion * dàlù 大陆 continent * Damascus - Damascus - [[w:Damascus|Damascus]] * Dàmǎshìgé 大马士革 --> See Damascus * dàmíng 大名 (your) name (courteous); one's formal personal name; great name * dàn 但 but * dānbiān 单边 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> ~ dy * dānbiān d 单边的 unilateral * danbiān dy 单边地 unilaterally * dāng 当 when * dǎng 党 political party * dangdì 当地 n. locality; the place (named/mentioned); adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * dāngdì d 当地的 local * dāngdì dy 当地地 locally * dāngjú 当局 authorities, officials * dǎngùchún 胆固醇 cholesterol * dāngxuǎn 当选 get elected * dànshì 但是 but, however * dànshuǐ 淡水 fresh water * dānxīn 担心 worry * dānyī 单一 single * dào 到 to arrive, to reach; go to, to * dào 道 road, path * dàochù 到处 everywhere * dàodá 到达 to arrive * dǎodàn 导弹 missile * dǎoháng 导航 guided navigation, navigation * dào-mùqián-wéizhǐ 到目前为止 so far, up to now, till now * dàoqiàn 道歉 to apologize * dǎotā 倒塌 to collapse * dǎoyǔ 岛屿 island * dǎozhì 导致 to lead to, to bring about, to result in, to cause * dǎpò 打破 to break --> See also dǎdepò and dǎbupò * dàshè 大赦 general amnesty, general pardon; to amnesty generally, to pardon generally * dàshǐ 大使 embassador * dàshǐguǎn 大使馆 embassy * dǎsuàn 打算 to aim at * Dàxī Yáng 大西洋 Atlantic Ocean * dàxué 大学 university * dāying 答应 to promise * dàyuē 大约 about, approximately * de --> See d/dy/de * de 得 indicating a verb followed by an adverb or adverb clause; an infix indicating be able to --> See also d and dy * Déguó 德国 Germany * -dehuà 的话 if (coming after a conditional clause) * děi 得 must * děng 等 to wait * -děng 等 etc., and so on * děngdài 等待 to await, wait for * děngdeng 等等 wait a minute * -děngděng 等等 etc., and so on * dēnglù 登陆 to land, to disembark * dēnglù-le 登录了 landed, disembarked * dī 低 low * dì 地 the earth; land, soil; fields; ground * dì- 第 a marker of ordinal numerals * dì-1 第一 1st, first * dì-2 第二 2nd, second * dì-3 第三 3rd, third * dì-4 第四 4th, fourth * diǎn 点 a dot; a spot; a drop * diàn 店 shop * dī'àn 堤岸 embandment * diàndānchē 电单车 motorbike, motorcycle * diǎnlǐ 典礼 ceremony * diànlìxiàn 电力线 power line * diànnǎo 电脑 computer * diànshì 电视 TV, television * diànshìtái 电视台 television station * diàochá 调查 to investigate, to survey; search, investigation * diàocházhě 调查者 investigator * Diàoyú Dǎo 钓鱼岛 [[w:Diaoyutai|Diaoyu Dao]], Diaoyu Island * Diàoyú Qúndǎo 钓鱼群岛 [[w:Diaoyutai|Diaoyu Qundao]], Diaoyu Islands, Diaoyutai Islands * Diàoyútái 钓鱼台 [[w:Diaoyutai|Diaoyutai]], Diaoyu Island * Diàoyútái Qúndǎo 钓鱼台群岛 [[w:Diaoyutai|Diaoyutai Qundao]], Diaoyutai Islands, Diaoyu Islands, Senkaku Islands, Pinnacle Islands * dìdiǎn 地点 place, site, locale * díduì 敌对 hostile, rival * dìduìkōng 地对空 ground-to-air * diēluò 跌落 to fall * dì-èr 第二 second * dìfāng 地方 place * dígē 的哥 young male taxi driver * dīgū 低估 to underestimate * díkuǎn 的款 reliable funds * dìléi 地雷 landmine * Dìlíbōlǐ 的黎波里 --> See Tripoli * dìngwèi 定位 to orient; location, orientation * Dìqiú 地球 the Earth * dìqū 地区 region, area * díquè 的确 really, indeed * díquèliáng 的确良 --> See dacron * dírén 敌人 enemy * disco - disco - [[w:disco|disco]] is a genre of dance music * díshì 的士 --> See taxi * díshìgāo 的士高 --> See disco * dísīkē 迪斯科 --> See disco * dìxià 地下 underground * dì-yī 第一 1st, first * dìzhèn 地震 earthquake * Dìzhōnghǎi 地中海 Mediterranean Sea * dōngběibù 东北部 northeast (section) * dōngbù 东部 the east * Dōng Hǎi 东海 Dong Hai, Donghai, East China Sea * dòngluàn 动乱 unrest * dōngnánbù 东南部 southeastern part, the southeast * dōngnánmiàn 东南面 southeastern side, the southeast * dōngxi 东西 thing * dōu 都 all * dòufu 豆腐 doufu, tofu, beancurd * dòujiāng 豆浆 soy milk * dòunǎi 豆奶 soy milk * dòuzhēng 斗争 to struggle * duì 对 right, correct * duì 队 team * duì- 对 to, for * duìjiē 对接 docking, linkup * kuìkàng 对抗 to resist, to oppose * duìwài 对外 external, foreign * duìwǔ 队伍 troops, army; ranks, contingent, procession; team * duìyú 对于 in regard to, toward, at, for * dújiǔ 毒酒 toxic alcohol * duō 多 many, much, more * duōcì 多次 many times, repeatedly, on many occasions * duóhuí 夺回 to retake * duōniánlái 多年来 for many years * duōshù 多数 majority * dy 地 -ly, a suffix indicating an adverb --> See also d and de </poem> ==E== <poem> * Egypt - Egypt - [[w:Egypt|Egypt]] | ~ shì yīge Zhōngdōng guójia. ~ is a country in the Middle East. * èliè 恶劣 bad * Éluósī 俄罗斯 --> See Russia * ér 而 and, and yet; then * èr 二 two, 2 * érbushì 而不是 but not * èr-líng-yī-èr nián 二零一二年 year 2012 * èr-líng-yī-yī nián 二零一一年 year 2011 * érqiě 而且 furthermore, and * èrshí 二十 twenty, 20 * èrshísì 二十四 twenty-four, 24 * èrshǒuyān 二手烟 second-hand smoke * értóng 儿童 child, children * érzi 儿子 son * EU - EU - [[w:EU|EU]], short form for European Union * Euro - Euro - the [[w:Euro|Euro]] (sign: €; code: EUR) | ~ shì Euro-qū d zhèngshì huòbì. The ~ is the official currency of the Eurozone. * Euro-qū - Euro区 - [[w:Eurozone|Eurozone]] * éwài 额外 extra </poem> ==F== <poem> * fā 发 to send out * fābiǎo 发表 to publish, to issue, to release * fābù 发布 to issue, to announce, to release * fācái 发财 to get rich, to make a pile * fāchū 发出 to issue * fāchū-le 发出了 issued, sent out, gave out * fādòng 发动 to launch, to start * Fǎguó 法国 France * fāmíng 发明 to invent * fǎn 反 turn over * fǎn- 反 anti- * fǎnduì 反对 to oppose, to against * fàng 放 to put * fángbào-jǐngchá 防暴警察 riot police * fāngfǎ 方法 method * fànghuǎn 放缓 slowdown; slow down * fàngjià 放假 to have a day off * fàngmàn 放慢 slow down * fāngmiàn 方面 aspect, side, facet * fǎngwèn 访问 to visit; a visit * fángwū 房屋 house * fángzhǐ 防止 to prevent, to avoid * fàngzhì 放置 to lay aside, to plant, to dispose * fàngzǒu 放走 to release, set free, let go * fǎnkàng 反抗 to revolt against, to resist, to oppose * fànlàn 泛滥 be in flood * fánmáng 繁忙 busy * fǎnpànzhě 反叛者 a rebel * fànrén 犯人 prisoner * fǎnyìng 反应 reaction * fǎnyìng 反映 to reflect * fāshè 发射 to launch, to shoot, to fire * fāshēng 发生 to happen * Fatah - Fatah - [[w:Fatah|Fatah]], is a Palestinian political party * fā-tiēzi 发贴子 to issue a post * fāxiàn 发现 to discover, to find * fāxíng 发行 to issue, to publish, to distribute, put on sale * fāzhǎn 发展 to develop, to expand; development * fāzuò 发作 break out, show effect * fèi'ái 肺癌 lung cancer * fēifǎ 非法 illegal * fēiguò 飞过 fly over * fēijī 飞机 airplane, aeroplane * fēijīchǎng 飞机场 airport * féiliào 肥料 fertiliser * Fēilǜbīn 菲律宾 --> See Philippines * fèiqì 废气 exhaust gas * fèiwù 废物 waste, refuse, trash * fēixiàng 飞向 fly to, fly toward * fēixíng 飞行 flight, flying * fēixíngyuán 飞行员 pilot, flyer * Fēizhōu 非洲 Africa * fēn 分 to divide * fēnbié 分别 to part, to leave each other; to distinguish, to differentiate; difference; separately, respectively, differently * fēng 风 wind * fēngfù 丰富 rich, abundant, plentiful; to enrich * fēngsuǒ 封锁 to blockade, to block * fēngxiǎn 风险 risk, danger * fēnqí 分歧 difference, divergence, divarication * fěnsuì 粉碎 to shatter * fēnxiào 分校 branch campus, branch school * fēnzhī 分之 NUM1 ~ NUM2, NUM2/NUM1 | liù fēnzhī yī - one-sixth * fēnzhōng 分钟 minute * fènzǐ 分子 member, element, part * Fójiàotú 佛教徒 Buddhist * fǒujué 否决 to reject, to veto * fǒujuéquán 否决权 veto * fù- 副 deputy, vice- * fúdòng 浮动 to float; floating * fùgěi 付给 to pay * fúhuò 俘获 to capture * Fùhuójié 复活节 Easter * fùjìn 附近 n. vicinity; adj. --> See ~ d * fùjìn d 附近的 near, nearby, vicinal * fùnǚ 妇女 woman * fùqīn 父亲 father * fùshǒu 副手 deputy * fùshǔ 附属 subsidiary, affiliated * fùsū 复苏 to recover; recovery * fúwù 服务 be in the service of, to serve; service * fùzérén 负责人 person in charge </poem> ==G== <poem> * Gaddafi - Gaddafi - [[w:Gaddafi|Gaddafi]] * gāi 该 this, that, the said * gǎibiàn 改变 to change; a change * gǎigé 改革 a reform; to reform * gàipiàn 钙片 calcium tablet * gàn 干 to do, to work * gànbù 干部 cadre * gānhàn 干旱 dry * gǎnrǎn 感染 infection * gānshè 干涉 to interfere, to intervene * gāo 高 high, tall * gāocéng 高层 high-level, high-rise * gāodù 高度 n. altitude, height; high degree, apogee; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * gāodù d 高度的 altitudinal, high * gāodù dy 高度地 highly * gāofēng 高峰 peak, height * gāofēng-huìyì 高峰会议 summit conference * gāoguān 高官 high official * gāojí 高级 high in rank/grade/quality * gàosù 告诉 to tell * gāoyú 高于 exceed, higher than * -ge 个 a non-specific measure word * gè 各 every, each * gèbié 个别 separate, individual, specific * gěi 给 to give * -gěi 给 to * gēlúnbǐyà 哥伦比亚 --> Colombia * gémìng 革命 revolt, revolution * gēn 跟 to follow * gèng- 更 more * gèngduō 更多 adv. more; adj. --> See ~ d * gèngduō d 更多的 more * gēnjù 根据 according to * gēnsuí 跟随 to follow * gēqiǎn 搁浅 run aground * gèrén 个人 personal * Gòngchǎndǎng 共产党 Communist Party * gōngchǎng 工厂 factory * gòngchǎnzhǔyì 共产主义 communism * Gōngdǎng 工党 Labour Party; Labor Party * gōnggòng 公共 public * gōngjī 攻击 to attack * gōngkāi 公开 v. make public, make known to the public; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * gōngkāi d 公开的 open, overt, public * gōngkāi dy 公开地 openly, in public * gōnglù 公路 highway, road * gōngmín 公民 citizen * gōngmín-tóupiào 公民投票 referendum * gōngnéng 功能 function * gōngrén 工人 worker * gōngshì 攻势 n. offensive * gōngsī 公司 company * gōngtóu 公投 referendum * gōngwùyuán 公务员 government employee, official * gōngxǐ 恭喜 to congratulate * Gōngxǐfācái 恭喜发财 [[w:Gongxifacai|Gongxifacai]], Kung Hei Fat Choi * gōngyè 工业 industry * gōngyìngpǐn 供应品 supply, supplies * gōngyuē 公约 convention, pact, treaty * gōngzhòng 公众 public, the public * gōngzhǔ 公主 princess * gōngzuò 工作 to work, to function; job, a work * gòumǎi 购买 to purchase, to buy * GPS, Global position system * guānbì 关闭 to close, to shut * guānchá 观察 to observe * guǎndào 管道 pipeline * guānfāng 官方 officials, government * guāng 光 light, ray, brightness * guǎngchǎng 广场 square, plaza * Guǎngdōng 广东 [[w:Guangdong|Guangdong]] * guǎngfàn 广泛 extensive, widespread * guānjiàn 关键 key, crux * guānjiéyán 关节炎 arthritis * guānxì 关系 to concern, to affect, to matter; relation * guānyú 关于 about, with regard to * guānyuán 官员 n. official * guānyuánmen 官员们 officials * guānzhù 关注 concern * gǔchéng 古城 ancient city * gǔdài 古代 n. antiquity; <PRC> from remote antiquity to mid-19th century; adj. --> See ~ d * gǔdài d 古代的 ancient * guǐdào 轨道 track; orbit * guīgé 规格 specifications, standards * guīhuán 归还 to return, to revert * gūjì 估计 estimate * gǔlǎo 古老 ancient, old * gǔlèi 谷类 grain and corn, cereals * gūlì 孤立 isolated, alone; to isolate * -guo 过 a suffix indicating: (completion of an action); (that an action has taken place, but does not continue up to the present) * guó 国 country, nation * guò 过 to pass, to cross * guóchǎn 国产 products of a country; to make domestically * guòdù 过渡 transitional * guófáng 国防 national defence * guófángbù 国防部 ministry of defense * guóhuì-yìyuán 国会议员 member of parliament * guójì 国际 international * Guójì-hùliánwǎng --> See Internet * guójiā 国家 country, state, nation * guójì-shìchǎng 国际市场 world market, international market * guònián 过年 to celebrate/spend New Year * Guònián Hǎo 过年好 [[w:Chinese New Year#Greetings|Happy New Year]] * guòqù 过去 the past; in the past, formerly; former; go over, pass by * guóyíng 国营 state-run, state-owned * Guóyǔ 国语 [[w:Standard Chinese|Guoyu]], Mandarin Chinese; national language * gǔwǔ 鼓舞 to inspire, to excite, to embrave * gùyuán 雇员 employee </poem> ==H== <poem> * hái 还 still * hǎi 海 sea * hǎi'àn 海岸 coast, seacoast, seashore * hǎibiān 海边 seaside * hǎidào 海盗 pirate * hǎijūn 海军 navy * Hǎimén 海门 Haimen * hàipà 害怕 to fear, to be scared, to be afraid * háishì 还是 still; had better; or * hǎiyáng 海洋 ocean * háizi 孩子 child, children * Hamas - Hamas - [[w:Hamas|Hamas]], is a Palestinian political party * hángkōng 航空 aviation * hánliàng 含量 content * hányǒu 含有 to contain * hǎnyǒu 罕有 v. rarely have; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * hǎnyǒu d 罕有的 uncommon, unusual, rare, exceptional * hǎnyǒu dy 罕有地 rarely, unusually * Hànyǔ 汉语 Chinese language * Hànyǔ Pīnyīn 汉语拼音 [[w:Pinyin|Pinyin]], Hanyu Pinyin, Romanized Chinese * hǎo 好 good * -hǎo 好 well * hǎoxiàng 好像/好象 seem, be like * hē 喝 to drink * hé 和 and; with; sum * hé 河 river * hé- 核 nuclear * -hé 盒 a measure word for boxes * hēixīngxing 黑猩猩 chimpanzee * hé-jìhuà 核计划 nuclear plan * héjīn 合金 alloy * hējiǔ 喝酒 drinking (wine) * hěn 很 very * hěn duō 很多 many * héngguò 横过 go cross * héngsǎo 横扫 sweep through * hépíng 和平 peace * hér 核儿 kernel, fruit stone * hézi 盒子 box, case, casket * hézǐ 核子 nucleus, nucleon * hézuò 合作 to cooperate; co-operation * hóng 红 red * hóngròu 红肉 red meat * Hóngshízìhuì 红十字会 Red Cross * hóngshuǐ 洪水 flood * Hormuz Hǎixiá - Hormuz海峡 - [[w:Hormuz Strait|Hormuz Strait]] * hòu 后 offspring; descendant; posterior * hòu- 后 post- * hòulái 后来 afterward, later * hòuqī 后期 later period * huā 花 flower; to spend, to expend * huà 话 speech * huà 化 to change * huài 坏 bad * huáiyí 怀疑 to suspect; suspicion * huáiyùn 怀孕 be pregnant; pregnancy * huàn 患 to get (an illness), to contract * huángchǔ 皇储 crown prince * huángjīn 黄金 gold * huāngmiù 荒谬 preposterous, absurd * huānhū 欢呼 to hail, to cheer * huǎnmàn 缓慢 slow; slowly * huí 回 to reply; to return, to go back * huì 会 be able to, can, could; will, would * huídào 回到 return to, go back to * huīfù 恢复 to resume * huǐhuài 毁坏 to damage * huíjiàn 回见 see you later, see you again * huìjiàn 会见 to meet visitor * huǐmiè 毁灭 to destroy, to exterminate * huìtán 会谈 talks, conversation * huítóu 回头 to turn one's head, to turn round; to repent; later, by and by; retrogress * huítóu jiàn 回头见 see you later * huìyì 会议 talks, meeting, conference * huìyuán 会员 member * huìyuán-zīgé 会员资格 membership * Hùliánwǎng 互联网 --> See Internet * hūnlǐ 婚礼 wedding ceremony * hùnluàn 混乱 chaos, turmoil * huò 或 or * huòbì 货币 currency * huǒchē 火车 train * huǒchēzhàn 火车站 railway station * huódòng-fènzǐ 活动分子 activist * huòguì 货柜 shipping container * huòguìchē 货柜车 container car * huǒjiàn 火箭 rocket * huómái 活埋 to bury alive * huóyuè 活跃 active * huóyuè-fènzǐ 活跃分子 activist * huòzhě 或者 or * hūyù 呼吁 call for, appeal </poem> ==I== <poem> * IMF - IMF - International Monetary Fund * India - India - [[w:India|India]] | ~ shì yīge Nán Yà guójiā. ~ is a country in South Asia. * Internet - Internet - [[w:Internet|Internet]] * Iran - Iran - [[w:Iran|Iran]] * Iraq - Iraq - [[w:Iraq|Iraq]] * Islam - Islam - [[w: Islam|Islam]] * Israel - Israel - [[w:Israel|Israel]], a country in the Middle East * Italy - Italy - Italy </poem> ==J== <poem> * Jehovah - Jehovah - [[w:Jehovah|Jehovah]] * -jī 机 machine * jǐ 几 several; how many? * jiā 家 family, home * -jiā 家 a measure word for families/businesses * -jià 架 a measure word for cars/planes/radios/etc * jiàgé 价格 price * jiākuài 加快 to speed up * jiān 兼 to do concurrently; concurrently, both * -jiān 间 a measure word for buildings * jiàn 见 to see * -jiàn 件 a measure word (for articles/items/etc.) * Jiānádà 加拿大 --> Canada * jiǎncházhàn 检查站 checkpoint * jiānchí 坚持 to persist, to insist * jiǎndān 简单 simple * jiāndū 监督 to supervise; supervision * jiǎng 讲 to speak * jiàngdī 降低 to reduce, cut down * jiǎnghuà 讲话 to speak, to talk; speech, a talk * jiānghuì 将会 will * jiāngjūn 将军 a general * jiàngluò 降落 to descend, to land; to drop * jiǎngshī 讲师 lecturer * jiànkāng 健康 health; healthy * jiànkāng-yǐnshí 健康饮食 healthy diet * jiànlì 建立 to establish, to set up * jiǎnshǎo 减少 to reduce, to decrease * jiànshè 建设 to build, to construct * jiānshìzhě 监视者 watchdog * jiǎnxī 减息 lower the interest rate * jiànyì 建议 to suggest; suggestion * jiānyù 监狱 jail, prison * jiànzào 建造 to build, to construct, to make * jiànzhù 建筑 to build; construction * jiànzhùwù 建筑物 building * jiào 叫 to cry, to shout; to call; be called, be known as * jiāodiǎn 焦点 focus * jiāohuàn 交换 to exchange * jiāoqū 郊区 suburb, outskirts * jiàoshī 教师 teacher * jiāotán 交谈 to talk * jiàotáng 教堂 church * jiāoxué 教学 to teach * jiàoxué 教学 teaching, education; teaching and studying; teacher and student; teach and learn * jiāoyì 交易 trading, deal, trade, transaction; to deal, to trade * Jiàozōng 教宗 Pope * jiàozuò 叫做 be called * jiàqī 假期 holiday, vacation * jiāqiáng 加强 to strengthen, to enhance, to reinforce * jiārén 家人 family members * jiārù 加入 to join, to attend * jiàrù-le 加入了 joined * jiāshēn 加深 to deepen * jiàshǐ 驾驶 to drive * jiātíng 家庭 family * jībài 击败 to defeat * jǐ-bǎi 几百 hundreds; several hundreds * jìchéngzhě 继承者 successor * jīdì 基地 base * Jīdì Zǔzhī 基地组织 --> See al-Qaeda * jìdù 季度 quarter of a year * jiéchí 劫持 to abduct, to kidnap * jièchū 借出 to loan * jièdài 借贷 to borrow/lend money * jiěfàng 解放 to liberate * jiēhé 接合 to connect, to join * jiējí 阶级 social class * jiějué 解决 to resolve, to solve, to tackle * Jiékè 捷克 --> See Czechs * jièkuǎn 借款 to borrow money; a loan, debt * jiēshàng 街上 in the street * jiéshí 节食 to diet * jiéshù 结束 to end * jiézhì 节制 to control * jǐ-ge 几个 several * jīgòu 机构 body, organization * jìhuà 计划 a plan, a scheme; to plan * jíhuì 集会 rally, gathering * jījīn 基金 fund * jījì-fènzǐ 激进分子 extremist; militant * jīlěi 积累 accumulate * jìlù 记录 to record; a record * jìlǜ 纪律 discipline, morale; laws and regulations * jīluò 击落 shoot down * jīmì 机密 secret * jìn 进 to advance; to enter * jǐngbào 警报 to alert; an alert * jǐngchá 警察 policeman, policewoman; police * jǐngchájú 警察局 police office, police station * jǐngfāng 警方 police * jīngfèi 经费 finances, funds * jǐnggào 警告 to warn; warning * jīngguò 经过 to pass, to go through, to undergo; a process, a cause * jīngjì 经济 economy; economic * jīngjì-shuāituì 经济衰退 economic recession * jīngshénbìng 精神病 psychosis, mental disease * jīngshén fēnlièzhèng 精神分裂症 schizophrenia * jǐngtī 警惕 be vigilant, be on guard against * jǐnguǎn 尽管 although * jīngxīn-zhìzuò d 精心制作的 elaborate * jǐnjí 紧急 urgent, emergent, emergency * jǐnjí-yuánzhù 紧急援助 bailout * jīnnián 今年 this year * jǐnquè 紧缺 tight and short, in short supply * Jīn Rìchéng 金日成 --> See Kim Il-sung * jīnróng-wēijī 金融危机 financial crisis * jìnrù 进入 to enter * jìnshì 近视 myopia, short sight * jìnshìyǎn 近视眼 myopia * jǐnsuō 紧缩 to cut down, to reduce, to retrench; austerity * jīntiān 今天 today * jīntiē 津贴 subsidy * jìnxíng 进行 go ahead, go on, carry on * jìnxíng-zhōng 进行中 in progress * jìnyībù 进一步 further * jìnyùn 禁运 embargo * jǐnzhāng 紧张 tension * Jīn Zhèng'ēn 金正恩 --> See Kim Jong-un * Jīn Zhèngrì 金正日 --> See Kim Jong-il * jìnzhǐ 禁止 to ban * jǐ-qiān 几千 several thousands * jǐ-shí 几十 several tens * jìshí 计时 to reckon by time, timing * jìshù 技术 technology; skill, technique * jǐ-tiān 几天 several days * jítuán 集团 group, bloc * jiǔ 九 nine, 9 * jiǔ 酒 alcohol * jiù 就 then * jiǔbā 酒吧 bar, pub * jiǔchéng 九成 90% * jiǔdiàn 酒店 hotel * jiūfēn 纠纷 dispute * jiùshì 就是 be; exactly is; only, just * jiǔwén 久闻 to have long heard of * jiǔwéndàmíng 久闻大名 I've long heard of your great name (courteous) * jiǔyǎng 久仰 pleased to meet you (courteous) * jiùyè 就业 employment * jiùyuán 救援 to rescue, a rescue * jiùzhùzhě 救助者 rescuer * jìxù 继续 continue * jīyīn 基因 gene * jìzhě 记者 reporter * jízhuāngxiāng 集装箱 shipping container * jú 局 bureau * jù 据 according to * -jù 句 a measure word (for sentence, line of poetry/song) * jùchēng 据称 according to reports * jùdà 巨大 huge, massive * juéde 觉得 to feel; to think * juédìng 决定 to decide * juéyì 决议 resolution * jùjué 决绝 to refuse * jùlí 距离 be apart from, be away from; distance * jūliú 拘留 to detain, to intern; custody * jūmín 居民 resident, inhabitant * jūnchē 军车 military vehicle * jūnduì 军队 army, troop * jūnfāng 军方 the military * jūnguān 军官 officer, military officer * jūnrén 军人 soldier, serviceman, armyman * jūnshì 军事 military affairs; the military; military * jūnshì-yǎnxí 军事演习 military exercise * jūnyíng 军营 army camp, military camp * jùrén 巨人 giant * jǔxíng 举行 to hold (a meeting/ect) * jùyuàn 剧院 theater * jūzhù 居住 to live, to reside </poem> ==K== <poem> * kāfēi 咖啡 --> See coffee * kāfēidiàn 咖啡店 --> See coffee-diàn * kāi 开 to open * kāifàng 开放 to open * kāihuì 开会 hold a meeting, have a meeting * kāihuǒ 开火 to open fire * Kāiluó 开罗 --> See Cairo * kāishǐ 开始 to begin, to start; a start * kāizhī 开支 to expense; expenses * kǎlā-OK - 卡拉OK - karaoke * kàn 看 to see; to watch * kànbujiàn v. 看不见 be unable to see; adj. --> See ~ d * kànbujiàn d 看不见的 invisible * Kǎndàhā 坎大哈 --> See Kandahar * Kandahar - Kandahar - [[w:Kandahar|Kandahar]] | ~ shì Afghanistan dì-2 dà chéngshì. ~ is the second largest city in Afghanistan. * kàndejiàn 看得见 v. be able to see; adj. --> See ~ d * kàndejiàn d 看得见的 visible * kànfǎ 看法 opinion * kàngjù 抗拒 to resist * kàn-guo 看过 have seen * kàngyì 抗议 to protest, a protest * kàngyìzhě 抗议者 protester * kànjian 看见 to see --> See also kàndejiàn and kànbujiàn * Kano - Kano - [[w:Kano|Kano]], is a city in Nigeria and the capital of Kano State in Northern Nigeria. * kǎntóu 砍头 behead * Kǎnuò 卡诺 --> See Kano * kàojìn 靠近 v. be nearby, be close to * kǎolǜ 考虑 to consider * kǎowèn 拷问 to torture * Kashgar - Kashgar - [[w:Kashgar|Kashgar]] * Kāshí 喀什 --> Kashgar * kǎzhāfēi 卡扎菲 --> See Gaddafi * kě- 可 can * kě-bìmiǎn 可避免 avoidable * kědé 可得 available, can get, acquirable * kě-dédào 可得到 available, can get, acquirable * kèjī 客机 passenger plane * Kělánjīng 可兰经 the Koran * kěnéng 可能 possible; maybe; possibility; may * kěnéngxìng 可能性 possibility, likelihood * kěshì 可是 but, however * kěsǐ 渴死 very thirsty; die of thirst * késòu 咳嗽 cough * kēxué 科学 science * kēxuéjiā 科学家 scientist * kěyǐ 可以 may, can, could * Khyber - Khyber - [[w:Khyber Agency|Khyber]] | ~ shì Pakistan xīběibù d yīge bùluò dìqū. ~ is a tribal area in the northwest of Pakistan * Kim Il-sung - Kim Il-sung - [[w:Kim Il-sung|Kim Il-sung]] * Kim Jong-il - Kim Jong-il - [[w:Kim Jong-il|Kim Jong-il]] * Kim Jong-un - Kim Jong-un - [[w:Kim Jong-un|Kim Jong-un]] | ~ shì Cháoxiān d lǐngdǎorén. ~ is the leader of North Korea. * Kirkuk - Kirkuk - [[w:Kirkuk|Kirkuk]] is a city in [[w:Iraq|Iraq]] and the capital of [[w:Kirkuk Governorate|Kirkuk Governorate]]. * km - km - km, kilometer * kǒngbù 恐怖 fearful, horrible, terrible; terror * kònggǔquán 控股权 controlling stake * kōngnàn 空难 airplane disaster * kǒngpà 恐怕 I'm afraid, I fear; perhaps, probably, maybe * kōngxí 空袭 air strike * kòngzhì 控制 to control, a control * kǒu 口 mouth * kòuliú 扣留 to detain * kuài 快 fast, quick * -kuài 块 measure word: piece * kuàicān 快餐 fast food * kuàidianr 快点儿 faster; Hurry up! * kuàilè 快乐 n. happiness; v. be happy; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * kuàilè d 快乐的 happy * kuàilè dy 快乐地 happily * kuǎtái 垮台 fall from power * kuòdà 扩大 v. to enlarge, to expand; adj. --> See ~ d * kuòdà d 扩大的 expanded * kuòzhāng 扩张 to expand; expansion * kūqì 哭泣 to weep </poem> ==L== <poem> * la 啦 a modal particle indicating excitement/doubt * lā 拉 to pull, to drag * Lāhé'ěr 拉合尔 --> See Lahore * Lahore - Lahore - [[w:Lahore|Lahore]], is the capital of the [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]]i [[w:Subdivisions of Pakistan|province]] of [[w:Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and the [[w:List of most populated metropolitan areas in Pakistan|second largest]] city in the country. * -lai 来 indicating ability * lái 来 to come * láiyuán 来源 origin, source * láizì 来自 from, come from * lājī 垃圾 rubbish * làjiāo 辣椒 chili * lājī-shíwù 垃圾食物 rubbish food, junk food * lànyòng 滥用 to abuse, to misuse * lànyòng-zhíquán 滥用职权 to abuse one's authority/power/position * lǎo 老 old * láodòng 劳动 to work, to labor * láogōng 劳工 labor * lǎohuà 老化 to age, to grow older; become outdated; to decay; aging, old * lǎoniánrén 老年人 an elderly * Latin zìmǔ - Latin字母 - Latin alphabet, Roman alphabet * -le 了 indicating a past tense; indicating a new situation * lèixíng 类型 type * lí 离 to leave, to apart from; distant from, apart from * lǐ 里 lining; inside * -lǐ 里 in, inside * lì 力 <physics> force * lián 连 in succession; one after another * liǎn 脸 face * liǎng 两 two * liǎngbèi 两倍 double * liǎng-ge 两个 two * liánhé 联合 to unite; union * Liánhéguó 联合国 the United Nations, the UN * liánhé-zhèngfǔ 联合政府 coalition government * liánméng 联盟 league, union, coalition, alliance * liánxì 联系 relation, link * lǐbài 礼拜 religious service; week; day of the week; Sunday * lǐbài-yíshì 礼拜仪式 church service * Lìbǐyà 利比亚 --> See Libya * Libya 利比亚 [[w:Libya|Libya]] * liè 列 a measure word for rows/files/ranks/etc. * lǐhuì 理会 pay attention to, take notice of * lìlǜ 利率 interest rate * lǐmiàn 里面 inside * lǐngdǎo 领导 to lead; head, leader * lǐngdǎorén 领导人 leader * lǐnghǎi 领海 territorial water * língmù 陵墓 mausoleum, tomb * lǐngshì 领事 consul * línguó 邻国 neighboring country * lǐngwài 另外 in addition; other * lǐngxiù 领袖 leader * lǐngxiùmen 领袖们 leaders * lìngyī 另一 another * lìngyīge 另一个 another * línjìn 临近 very near * línshí 临时 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> ~ dy * línshí d 临时的 temporary * línshí dy 临时地 temporarily * lìshǐ 历史 history * liú 流 to flow * liù 六 six, 6 * liúxià 留下 to remain * liúxíng 流行 to spread; popular * liúxíngbìng 流行病 pandemic disease * Liùyuèfèn 六月份 June period, the period of June * London - London - [[w:London|London]] * lóngzhào 笼罩 to envelop * lù 路 road * -lǜ 率 rate * lùbiān 路边 roadside * lúnbān 轮班 to shift, be on duty by turns * Luómǎhuà 罗马化 --> See Romahuà * lùxiàng 录像 video * lǚxíngshè 旅行社 travel agency * lǚyóu 旅游 tour * lǚyóulún 旅游轮 cruise ship </poem> ==M== <poem> * mā 妈 mother * -ma? 吗? a modal particle (calling for agreement or disagreement) * mǎi 买 to buy * máicáng 埋藏 to bury * máifu 埋伏 v. to ambush; n. ambush * māma 妈妈 mother * mǎn 满 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. entirely, wholly; v. to fill; to reach the limit * màn 慢 v. to postpone, to defer; adj. --> See ~ d * mǎn d 满的 full, complete * màn d 慢的 slow * Màngǔ 曼谷 --> See Bangkok * mànmàn 慢慢 adv. --> See ~ dy * mànmàn dy 慢慢地 slowly, gradually * mǎnzài 满载 be loaded to capacity; laden, fully loaded * màoyì 贸易 trade * Máo Zédōng 毛泽东 [[w:Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong]] * Máo Zédōngzhǔyìzhě 毛泽东主义者 Maoist * màozhe 冒着 at the risk of * Máozhǔyì 毛主义 [[w:Maoism|Maoism]] * Máozhǔyìzhě 毛主义者 [[w:Maoist|Maoist]] * méi 没 not * měi- 每 each, every * Měiguó 美国 the US, the [[w:USA|USA]] * Měijūn 美军 US army, US troop, US forces, US soldier * méitǐ 媒体 media * měitiān 每天 daily, every day * méiyǒu 没有 not have * Měi-Zhōng 美中 US-China * mén 门 door * -men 们 indicating plural * -mén 门 a measure word for courses, branches of science, etc. * měngliè 猛烈 fierce * měngzēng 猛增 to increase sharply * měngzhuàng 猛撞 to ram, to crash heavily * meter - meter - meter, metre * mǐ 米 rice; ---> See meter * -miàn 面 a measure word (for mirrors/flags/etc.) * Miǎndiàn 缅甸 --> See Myanmar * miànduì 面对 to face * Miánlánlǎo Dǎo 棉兰老岛 --> See Mindanao * miànlín 面临 to face * miànqián 面前 n. in the face of, in front of, before * miǎománg 渺茫 distant and indistinct, vague * miáoshù 描述 description * miàoyǔ 庙宇 temple * microblog 微波 [[w:microblog|microblog]], a blog on which one posts brief updates * mínbīng 民兵 militia, militaman * Mindanao - Mindanao - [[w:Mindanao|Mindanao]] * mǐngǎn 敏感 sensitive * míngchēng 名称 name * mìnglìng 命令 to order, to command; a order, a command * míngtiān jiàn 明天见 see you tomorrow * míngzì 名字 name * mínzhǔ 民主 democracy; democratic * mínzú 民族 ethnic group * mìqiè 密切 close, intimate; carefully, intently, closely * Moscow - Moscow --> Moskva * Mòsīkē 莫斯科 --> Moskva * Moskva - Moskva - [[w:Moscow|Moskva]], Moscow * mótuōchē 摩托车 motorbike, motorcycle * Muammar Gaddafi - Muammar Gaddafi - [[w:Muammar Gaddafi|Muammar Gaddafi]] was the official ruler of the [[w:Libyan Arab Republic|Libyan Arab Republic]] from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the [[w:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] from 1977 to 2011 * mùqián 目前 at present * Musayyib - Musayyib - [[w:Musayyib|Musayyib]] is a city in the [[w:Babil Province|Babil Province]], [[w:Iraq|Iraq]]. * Muslim - Muslim - [[w:Muslim|Muslim]] * Myanmar - Myanmar - [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]], Burma </poem> ==N== <poem> * ná 拿 to hold, to take * nà 那 that * nǎifěn 奶粉 milk powder * nàlǐ 那里 there * nàme 那么 like that * nán 南 south * nán- 男 male * nánbù 南部 the south, southern part * nánfāng 南方 south * Nán Hǎi 南海 Nan Hai, Nanhai, South China Sea * nánrén 男人 man * nántí 难题 problem, hitch * Nán Yà 南亚 [[w:South Asia|South Asia]] * nǎo 脑 brain * nàshuìrén 纳税人 taxpayer * Nato - Nato - [[w:Nato|Nato]], the North Atlantic Treaty Organization * Nasiriyah - Nasiriyah - [[w:Nasiriyah|Nasiriyah]]/Nasiriya, a city in Iraq * ne 呢 a particle indicating continued state or action; a particle marking questions about subject already mentioned * nèi 内 inside * nèilù 内陆 inland * nèizhàn 内战 civil war * nèizhèngbù 内政部 interior ministry * néng 能 can * nénggòu 能够 can, be able to * nénglì 能力 ability * néngyuán 能源 energy resources * New Zealand - New Zealand - [[w:New Zealand|New Zealand]] * nǐ 你 you * nián 年 year * niándǐ 年底 year-end, end of a year * niándù 年度 year (period) * niàngjiǔ 酿酒 make wine * niàngzhì 酿制 to brew * Nigeria - Nigeria - [[w:Nigeria|Nigeria]] * nǐhǎo / nǐ hǎo 你好 hi, hello * nǐ hǎo ma? 你好吗? how are you? * nǐmen 你们 you (plural) * nín 您 <courteous> you (polite singular) * Níngxià 宁夏 [[w:Ningxia|Ningxia]] * nín hǎo 您好 hi, hello (polite form) * nín hǎo ma? 您好吗? how are you? (polite form) * Nírìlìyà 尼日利亚 --> See Nigeria * niúnǎi 牛奶 cow's milk * nǐ zěnmeyàng? 你怎么样? what's up?, how are you doing? * nóngcūn 农村 village * nónglì 农历 [[w:lunar calendar|lunar calendar]] * Nónglì Xīnnián 农历新年 [[w:Chinese New Year|Chinese New Year]]; [[w:Lunar New Year|Lunar New Year]] * nǚ- 女 female * nǚrén 女人 woman </poem> ==O== <poem> * Obama - Obama - [[w:Obama|Obama]] * OK - OK - OK, okey * Olympics - Olympics - Olympics, Olympic Games * Olympics Yùndònghuì - Olympics运动会 - Olympics, Olympic Games | 2012 nián d ~ zài London jǔxíng. The Olympics Games of 2012 is held in London. * Ōubāmǎ 欧巴马 --> See Obama * Ōuluó 欧罗 --> See Euro * Ōuméng 欧盟 short form for Ōuzhōu Liánméng, EU * Ōuyuán 欧元 --> See Euro * Ōuyuánqū 欧元区 --> See Euro-qū * Ōuzhōu 欧洲 Europe * Ōuzhōu Liánméng 欧洲联盟 European Union </poem> ==P== <poem> * pà 怕 to fear, be afraid of * pài 派 group, school, faction, party * pàibié 派别 group; school; faction; clique * pǎijīpào 迫击炮 mortar * páiliàn 排练 to rehearsal * pàixì 派系 factions, groups of factions; sectarian * Pàjīnsēnbìng 帕金森病 --> Parkinson-bìng * Pakistan - Pakistan - [[w:Pakistan|Pakistan]] * pànbiàn 叛变 to defect * pángdà 庞大 adj. --> See ~ d * pángdà d 庞大的 huge, immense * pànjué 判决 to judge, adjudge * pànjūn 叛军 rebel forces, rebel army * pànluàn 叛乱 armed rebellion * pǎo 跑 to run * Parkinson-bìng - Parkinson病 - Parkinson disease, Parkinsonism * péishěntuán 陪审团 jury * pèngdào 碰到 to meet somebody unexpectedly; to touch something * pēngjī 抨击 to attack (in speech/writing) * pēngrèn 烹饪 cooking * pēnqìjī 喷气机 jet aircraft, jet plane * pēnshèjī 喷射机 jet aircraft * Persian Gulf - Persian Gulf - [[w:Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf]] * Philippines - Philippines - [[w:Philippines|Philippines]] * pi - pi - pi, π, the numerical value of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (approximately 3.1416) * piàn 片 a slice; to slice * piànduàn 片段 segment; footage * piānyuǎn 偏远 remote * píngdìng 平定 to calm down; to suppress, to put down * píngmín 平民 n. civilian; adj. --> See ~ d * píngmín d 平民的 adj. civilian * Píngrǎng 平壤 --> See Pyongyang * píngxī 平息 to calm, to quite down, to subside * pīnmìng 拼命 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * pīnmìng d 拼命的 desperate * pīnmìng dy 拼命地 desperately * pīnyīn 拼音 to spell, to phoneticize; pinyin, phonetic script, spelling * Pīnyīn 拼音 [[w:Pinyin|Pinyin]], Hanyu Pinyin, Romanized Chinese, the official Chinese alphabetic system * pínyú 频于 next to, next * pīpíng 批评 to criticize * píruò 疲弱 tired and weak * pīsà 披萨/批萨 --> See pizza * pǐsà 匹萨 --> See pizza * písà 皮萨 --> See pizza * pīsàbǐng 披萨饼 --> See pizza * pīzhǔn 批准 to approve, to ratify * pizza - pizza - [[w:pizza|pizza]] * pò 破 to break * pòchǎn 破产 bankruptcy * pòhuài 破坏 to destroy, to damage * pǔchá 普查 general investigation/survey; reconnaissance survey (geography) * pǔtōng 普通 adj. --> See ~ d * pǔtōng d 普通的 common * Pǔtōnghuà 普通话 [[w:Putonghua|Putonghua]], Mandarin Chinese * Pyongyang - Pyongyang - [[w:Pyongyang|Pyongyang]] </poem> ==Q== <poem> * qī 七 seven, 7 * qí 骑 to ride/sit astride * qǐ 起 to rise, get up; to raise, to build * qì 气 air, gas * qiān 千 thousand * qián 钱 money * qián 前 former; before * qiāngjī 枪击 shooting * qiángjiā 强加 to impose * qiángliè 强烈 strong * qiángpò 强迫 to force, to enforce * qiāngshā 枪杀 shoot to death * qiāngshǒu 枪手 gunman * qiángzhì 强制 to compel * qiángzhuàng 强壮 strong * qiánjǐng 前景 outlook, future, foreground, prospect * qiānshǔ 签署 to sign * qiántiān 前天 day before yesterday * qiánwǎng 前往 go to, leave for * qiānyí 迁移 to migrate, to move * qiǎnzé 谴责 to condemn, to accuse * qìchē 汽车 car, automobile * qìchē-zhàdàn 汽车炸弹 car bomb * qǐfēi 起飞 take-off * qījiān 期间 period * qǐlái 起来 get up, to rise, to arise * qǐng 请 to request * qíngkuàng 情况 condition, situation, circumstances * qínglǎng 晴朗 sunny * qīngzhēnsì 清真寺 mosque * qìngzhù 庆祝 to celebrate * qìngzhùhuì 庆祝会 celebration * qínliúgǎn 禽流感 bird flu * qīnshǔ 亲属 kinsfolk, relatives; kinship * qīshí'èr 七十二 seventy-two, 72 * qítā 其他/其它 other * qīxiàn 期限 time limit, deadline * qǐyì 起义 uprising * qízhōng 其中 in/among (it/them/which/etc.) * qū 区 district, area, zone * qù 去 to go, go to * quán 全 whole * quánbù 全部 all * quàngào 劝告 to advise * quánlì 权力 power, authority * quánlì 权利 right, rights * quánmiàn 全面 overall, comprehensive * quánqiú 全球 the whole world * quánqiú dìngwèi xìtǒng 全球定位系统 global position system, GPS * quántǐ 全体 all, entire * qǔdé 取得 to acquire, to gain, to obtain * què 却 but * quèbǎo 确保 to ensure * quèdìng 确定 v. to confirm, to define; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * quèdìng d 确定的 confirmed, assured * quèding dy 确定地 determinately, definitely * quēshǎo 缺少 to lack * quēshuǐ 缺水 run out of water * qúndǎo 群岛 islands, archipelago * qúnzhòng 群众 the mass, the people * qǔxiāo 取消 to cancel * qūzhú 驱逐 to expel, to oust </poem> ==R== <poem> * ràng 让 to yield; to allow * ràngbù 让步 concession, compromise * ránhòu 然后 then * ránliào 燃料 fuel * ránméi-fādiànchǎng 燃煤发电厂 coal-fired power plant * rèdài-fēngbào 热带风暴 tropical storm * rén 人 person, people; human * rēngjìn 扔进 throw into * rèngòu 认购 subscribe to buy * réngrán 仍然 still * rénkǒu 人口 population * rénlèi 人类 human * rénmen 人们 people * rénmín 人民 the people * Rénmínbì 人民币 [[w:Renminbi|Renminbi]] (RMB, sign: ¥; code: CNY; also CN¥, 元 and CN元) * rènmìng 任命 to appoint * rénquán 人权 human rights * rénqún 人群 crowd * rénshì 人士 personage, people * rénshù 人数 number of people * rènwéi 认为 to deem, to think that * rénwù 人物 personage, character * rényuán 人员 personnel * rénzhì 人质 hostage * réqìqiú 热气球 hot-air balloon * -rì 日 measure word: day * rìbào 日报 daily newspaper * Rìběn 日本 Japan * rìhòu 日后 in the future * rìzi 日子 day, days * Romahuà - Roma化 - Romanization; to Romanize; Romanized * rú 如 be like; according to; such as; if * rúguǒ 如果 if * Ruìshì 瑞士 --> See Switzerland * rùqīn 入侵 to invade * Russia - Russia - [[w:Russia|Russia]] * rùyuàn 入院 be in hospital </poem> ==S== <poem> * sān 三 three, 3 * Sànà 萨那 --> See Sana'a * Sana'a - Sana'a - [[w:Sana'a|Sana'a]], the capital of Yemen * sànbō 散播 to disseminate, to spread * sànbù 散步 stroll * sānglǐ 丧礼 funeral * Sān Xiá 三峡 the [[w:Three Gorges|Three Gorges]] * Sānyuè 三月 March * Sānyuèfèn 三月份 March period * shāfā 沙发 --> See sofa * shài 晒 to shine * shāmò 沙漠 desert * shān 山 hill, mountain * shānbēng 山崩 landslide * shāndòng 煽动 stir up, to provoke * -shang 上 on * shàng 上 go up; go to; to submit, to send in; to enter * shāngbiāo 商标 brand, trademark * shāngcán 伤残 disability; disabled * Shàngdì 上帝 [[w:God|God]] * shànggeyuè 上个月 last month * shàngmiàn 上面 upper side * shàngshēng 上升 to rise, go up; to increase * shāngwáng 伤亡 casualty, injury and death * shāngyè 商业 business * shāngyèqū 商业区 business district * shānhóngbàofā 山洪暴发 flash flood * shānqū 山区 mountainous region * shǎo 少 few, little * shāohuǐ 烧毁 to burn down, to burn up * shàozhàn 哨站 outpost * shāsǐ 杀死 to kill * shèfǎ 设法 try to * shèhuì 社会 society; social * shèhuìdǎng 社会党 socialist party * shèhuìzhǔyì 社会主义 socialism * shēn 深 deep * shēn 身 a measure word for suits of clothing * -shēng 声 a measure word for sound * shěng 省 province * shēngchǎn 生产 to produce, to manufacture * shēngchēng 声称 to profess, to claim * Shèngdànjié 圣诞节 Christmas * Shèngdàn Lǎorén 圣诞老人 Santa Claus * Shèngdànrì 圣诞日 Christmas Day * shèngdì 圣地 shrine, sacred land * Shèngdì 圣地 the Holy Land * shěngfèn 省份 province * shēnghuán 生还 to survive * shēnghuánzhě 生还者 survivor * shēnghuó 生活 life; to live * shènghuǒ 圣火 holy flame * shēnghuó-fāngshì 生活方式 lifestyle * shēngjí 升级 to upgrade; to escalate * shēngkōng 升空 rise to the sky * shènglì 胜利 to win victory; successfully; victory * shēngsǐ 生死 life and death, life or death * shēngsǐ-yōuguāng 生死攸关 do-or-die * shéngyīn 声音 sound, voice * shēnhuà 深化 to deepen * shénme 什么 what? * shēnqiè 深切 deep, heartfelt, profound * shēntǐ 身体 body * shèshā 射杀 to kill by shooting * shèshā-le 射杀了 killed by shooting, shot dead * shèshāng 射伤 bullet wound * shèshī 设施 installation, facilities * shèsǐ 射死 shoot dead * shèsǐle 射死了 shot dead * shí 十 ten, 10 * shí 时 time (when) * shǐ 使 to make, to cause, to enable * shì 是 be, is, am, are * shì 事 matter, thing, affair, event * -shì 式 style * -Shì 市 city * Shiah-pài - Shiah派 - [[w:Shia Islam|Shiah Islam]], Shia, Shi'ah, Shiah * shìbīng 士兵 soldier * shìchǎng 市场 market * shìdàng 适当 proper, appropriate, suitable * shǐdào 使到 to make, to cause * shìde 是的 yes * -shìde 似的 as if, seem * shí'èr 十二 twelve, 12 * shìfàng 释放 to release * shíhòu 时候 (duration of) time; (a point in) time, moment * shíjì 实际 practice; practical * shìjì 世纪 century * shíjiān 时间 time * shìjiàn 事件 incident, event * shìjiè 世界 world * shìjiè shang 世界上 in the world * shíjìshang 实际上 practically * shìlì 视力 sight, eyesight * shǐmìng 使命 mission * shīqù 失去 to lose * shísān 十三 thirteen, 13 * shìshè 试射 test-fire; trial fire * shìshè-le 试射了 test-fired * shìshì 逝世 to die, to pass away * shíshìqiúshì 实事求是 seek the truth from facts, be practical and realistic * shītǐ 尸体 body, corpse * shītiáo 失调 maladjustment * shìtú 试图 to try, to attempt * shìwēi 示威 to demonstrate; demonstration * shíwù 食物 food * shìyán 誓言 oath, pledge; to pledge, to vow * shìyàn 试验 to test; trial, experiment * shìyànqū 试验区 trial zone, test region * shíyànshì 实验室 lab, laboratory * shīyè 失业 be out of job; unemployment; jobless * shīyèlǜ 失业率 jobless rate * Shíyèpài 什叶派 --> See Shi'a * shíyī 十一 eleven, 11 * shīyì 失忆 memory loss * shǐyòng 使用 to use * shíyóu 石油 petroleum, oil * shìzhèn 市镇 town * shīzōng 失踪 be missing * shǒu 手 hand * shòu 受 be given, to receive, to accept * shǒucì 首次 n. first time; adj. --> See ~ d; adv. first, for the first time * shǒucì d 首次的 first-time, of first time * shòudào 受到 be given * shǒudòng 手动 manual, manual operation * shǒudū 首都 capital (of a country) * shōugòu 收购 to buy, to purchase * shòuhàizhě 受害者 victim * shǒuliúdàn 手榴弹 hand grenade * shòumìng 寿命 life, life-span * Shòunànjié 受难节 Good Friday * shòushāng 受伤 be injured, be wounded * shōusuō 收缩 to shrink * shǒuxiàng 首相 prime minister * shǒuzhōng 手中 in the hand * shū 书 book * shù 树 tree * shuāituì 衰退 to decline; a decline, recession * shuāngfāng 双方 both sides * shùbǎiwàn 数百万 millions * shūcài 蔬菜 vegetable, veg * shūguǒ 蔬果 vegetables and fruits * shūhuǎn 纾缓 to ease, to relieve, to slacken * shuí 谁 who * shuǐ 水 water * shuǐbà 水坝 dam * shuǐguǒ 水果 fruit * shuǐkù 水库 reservoir * shuìmián 睡眠 sleep * shuǐpíng 水平 level * shuìwù 税务 taxation * shuǐzīyuán 水资源 water resource * shùmù 数目 number * shuō 说 to speak, to say * shūxiě 书写 to write; writing * shùzì 数字 figure, number * sǐ 死 to die * sì 四 four, 4 * sìhū 似乎 it seems, seemingly * sīlìng 司令 commander * sìshíwǔ 四十五 forty-five, 45 * sǐwáng 死亡 to die; death * sǐwáng-rénshù 死亡人数 death toll * sīxiǎng 思想 thought, thinking * Sìyuè 四月 April * Sìyuèfèn 四月份 April period * sǐzhě 死者 the dead * sofa - sofa - [[w:couch|sofa]] * Somalia - Somalia - [[w:Somalia|Somalia]] is a country in Africa * sòng 送 to deliver, to send * sòngsāng 送丧 take part in a funeral procession * sòngsāngzhě 送丧者 mourner * -sōu 艘 a measure word for vessels * sōusuǒ 搜索 to search * Spain - Spain - Spain * sùdù 速度 speed * suì 岁 year of age * suìdào 隧道 tunnel * suīrán 虽然 although, though * suízhe 随着 following, along with * Sūlián 苏联 [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]], USSR * sǔnhài 损害 harm, damage * suǒ- 所 that, those * -suǒ 所 place; office, bureau, institute; a measure word for houses * suōduǎn 缩短 to shorten * Suǒmǎlǐ 索马里 --> See Somalia * suǒwèi 所谓 so-called * suǒyǐ 所以 therefore * suǒyǒu 所有 all, every * sùshè 宿舍 accommodation, dormitory, hostel, living quarters * Switzerland - Switzerland - [[w:Switzerland|Switzerland]] * Syria - Syria - [[w:Syria|Syria]] </poem> ==T== <poem> * tā 他/她/它 he, him; she, her; it * tā d 他的/她的/它的 his; her; its * tāfāng 塌方 landslide * tài 太 too, excessively * Tàiguó 泰国 [[w:Thailand|Thailand]] * tàikōng 太空 space * tàikōngcāng 太空舱 space capsule, space module * tàikōngchuán 太空船 spacecraft * tàikōngrén 太空人 astronaut, cosmonaut, taikonaut * tàikōngzhàn 太空站 space station * Tàiwùsì Hé 泰晤士河 --> See Thames Hé * tàiyáng 太阳 sun; sunshine * Takhar - Takhar - [[w:Takhar|Takhar]], a city of north-eastern Afghanistan * Taliban - Taliban - [[w:Taliban|Taliban]] * Tǎlìbān 塔利班 --> Taliban * tāmen 他们/她们/它们 they, them * tāmen d 他们的/她们的/它们的 their, theirs * táng 糖 sugar * tángniàobìng 糖尿病 diabetes * tánpàn 谈判 negotiations, talks * -tào 套 a measure word for sets/series/suites/etc. * tǎolùn 讨论 to discuss * táoqì 陶器 pottery * táoqù 逃去 to escape, run away * táoyù 逃狱 to escape from jail * [[w:Tarin Kowt|Tarin Kowt]], a city in Afghanistan * tāzìjǐ 他自己/她自己/它自己 himself/herself/itself * tèbié 特别 special * tèbié xíngzhèngqū 特别行政区 [[w:Special administrative region|special administrative region]] * tèshè 特设 amnesty * Texas - Texas - [[w:Texas|Texas]] * Thames Hé - Thames河 [[w:River Thames|Thames River]] * tí 提 to carry, to take * tiān 天 sky * -tiān 天 measure word: day * Tiān'ānmén 天安门 Tian'anmen, [[w:Tian'anmen|Tian'anmen]] * tiāngōng 天宫 heavenly palace * tiānránqì 天然气 natural gas * Tiānzhǔ 天主 [[w:God|God]] (in Catholicism) * Tianzhǔjiàotáng 天主教堂 Catholic church * -tiáo 条 a measure word for long/narrow things * tiáojiàn 条件 condition * tiǎoxìn 挑衅 to provoke, to provocate; provocation * tiáoyuē 条约 treaty * tíchū 提出 to put forward, to post, to raise, to offer * tígōng 提供 to offer, to provide, to supply * tīng 听 to listen, to hear * tíngzhǐ 停止 to stop * tíyì 提议 proposal, offer * tǐyù 体育 sport, sports * tǐzhòng 体重 body weight * tóng 同 be the same as; with * tóng 铜 copper * tōngdào 通道 passage * tōngguò 通过 to adopt, to pass * tóngshì 同事 colleague * tōngxùnshè 通讯社 news agency * tóngyì 同意 to agree * tǒngyī 统一 to unite; unity * tóngzhì 同志 comrade; <Taiwan> a homosexual * tǒngzhì 统治 to rule, to dominate * tóu 头 head * tóupiào 投票 to vote; a vote * tóuzī 投资 to invest; investment * Tripoli - Tripoli - [[w:Tripoli|Tripoli]] * tuánjié 团结 to unite, to rally * tuántǐ 团体 group, organization, team * tǔdì-suǒyǒu 土地所有 landownership * tuīchū 推出 present to the public * tuīdòng 推动 to push forward, to promote * tuìhuà 退化 to degenerate, to deteriorate, to atrophy; a atrophy * tuījìn 推进 move forward, push on, to urge * túzhōng 途中 on passage, en route * T-zìchǐ - T字尺 - T-square </poem> ==U== <poem> * Uruzgan Shěng - Uruzgan省 - [[w:Uruzgan Province|Uruzgan Province]], a province of Afghanistan </poem> ==V== <poem> * vitamin - vitamin - vitamin </poem> ==W== <poem> * wàiguó 外国 foreign country; foreign * wàijiāo 外交 diplomacy, foreign affair * wàijiāo-bùzhǎng 外交部长 foreign minister * Wàijiāo Dàchén 外交大臣 Foreign Secretary * wàijiāoguān 外交官 diplomat * wàimian 外面 outside * wǎlì 瓦砾 rubble * wán 完 finish * wàn 万 ten thousand * wǎn'ān 晚安 Good evening!; Good night! * wánchéng 完成 to accomplish, to complete * wǎng 往 to go toward * wàng 望 to gaze into the distance, to observe * wángchǔ 王储 crown prince * wǎngluò 网络 network * wǎngshàng 网上 online, on-line * wǎngzhàn 网站 website * wǎnjiù 挽救 to save * wǎnnián 晚年 old age, one's later years * wánquán 完全 complete, whole; completely, wholly * wǎnshàng hǎo 晚上好 Good evening! * wéi 为 to do, to accomplish; to act as, to serve as; be, become * wèi 为 for * -wèi 位 measure word <courteous> (for persons) * wéichí 维持 to keep, to maintain * wěidà 伟大 great, mighty * wēihài 危害 to harm, to injure, to endanger * wéihé 维和 peacekeeping * wēijī 危机 crisis * wéikùn 围困 to besiege; siege * wèile 为了 for * wéiqī 为期 for a period of * wéirào 围绕 move around * wèishēng 卫生 hygiene * wéishēngsù 维生素 --> See vitamin * wèishénme 为什么 why? * wěisuō 萎缩 to wither, to shrivel; to shrink, to sag; atrophy (medicine) * wéitāmìng 维他命 --> See vitamin * wěituō 委托 to entrust, to trust, to commission * wēixiǎn 危险 danger, crises, risk; dangerous * wēixiǎnxìng 危险性 danger, risk * wēixié 威胁 to threaten * wèixīng 卫星 satellite * wéiyī 唯一 only, sole * wèiyú 位于 be located/situated at/in * wěiyuánhuì 委员会 committee, council, commission * -wéizhǐ 为止 up to, till; no further * wèn 问 to ask * wěndìng 稳定 stability; to stabilize; stable * wénhuà 文化 culture; cultural * wénhuà-gǔjì 文化古迹 cultural site * wénhuà-yíchǎn 文化遗产 cultural heritage * Wēn Jiābǎo 温家宝 [[w:Wen Jiabao|Wen Jiabao]] * wénrén-tǒngzhì 文人统治 civilian rule * wèntí 问题 problem, issue, question * West Bengal Bāng - West Bengal邦 - the state of [[w:West Bengal|West Bengal]] * wǒ 我 I, me * wǒmen 我们 we, us * WTO - WTO - short form for World Trade Organization, [[w:WTO|WTO]] * wú 无 not have * wǔ 五 five, 5 * wǔ'ān 午安 Good afternoon! * wúchǎnjiējí 无产阶级 proletariat * wūmiè 污蔑 smear * wǔ-nián jìhuà 五年计划 five-year plan * wūrǎn 污染 to pollute, to contaminate; pollution, contamination * wúrén 无人 unmanned; depopulated; self-service * wúrén-jiàshǐ 无人驾驶 unmanned, operated by an autopilot, pilotless * wúrén-jiàshǐ fēijī 无人驾驶飞机 pilotless aircraft, drone aircraft * wǔshā 误杀 to kill by mistake; manslaughter * wúxiàn 无限 infinite, unlimited * wúxiàn- 无线 wireless * wǔzhuāng 武装 arms, military equipment/uniform; armed forces; armed * wǔzhuāng-fènzǐ 武装分子 militant * wǔzhuāng-pàipié 武装派别 militants, armed group </poem> ==X== <poem> * xià 下 to go downward * -xià 下 downward, down * xiàdú 下毒 put poison, empoison * xiàge 下个 next * xiàjiàng 下降 to descend, go down, to fall * xiàlái 下来 come down; * xiàmiàn 下面 lower level * xiān 先 before * xiǎng 想 to think; want to, would like to * xiàng 向 to face, turn toward; side with, be partial to; to, towards * xiàng 像 be like, resemble, look as if, seem * xiàng 象 elephant * xiǎngfǎ 想法 idea, thought * xiāngfǎn 相反 opposite; contrary; reverse * Xiānggǎng 香港 [[w:Xianggang|Xianggang]], Hong Kong, Hongkong | ~ shì [[w:China|Zhōngguó]] nánbù d [[w:Special administrative region|tèbié xíngzhèngqū]]. Hong Kong is a special administrative region in the south of China. * xiàngmù 项目 item, project * xiǎngnián 享年 <courteous> die at the age of * xiàngpítǐng 橡皮艇 inflatable boat * xiángqíng 详情 detail, details * xiāngxìn 相信 to believe * xiǎngyǒu 享有 to enjoy, to take * xiāngzhuàng 相撞 to collide * xiānjìn 先进 advanced * xiànlìtǐbìng 线粒体病 [[w:mitochondrial disease|mitochondrial disease]] * xiānnǎi 鲜奶 fresh milk * xiǎnrán 显然 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * xiǎnrán d 显然的 apparent, obvious, evident, clear * xiǎnrán dy 显然地 apparently, obviously, evidently, clearly * xiànrèn 现任 incumbent * xiānsheng 先生 teacher; Mr, sir; <courteous> Ms. * xiǎnshì 显示 to show, to indicate * xiànzài 现在 now * xiànzhì 限制 to restrict * xiǎo 小 small, little * xiào 笑 smile, laugh * xiàoguǒ 效果 effect, result * xiǎonǎo 小脑 cerebella * xiǎonǎo shītiáo 小脑失调 cerebella ataxia * xiāoshī 消失 to disappear * xiǎoshí 小时 hour * xiāoshī-le 消失了 disappeared * xiāoshī-zhōng 消失中 disappearing * xiàozhǎng 校长 headmaster, principal * xiàozhōng-yú 效忠于 be loyal to * xiǎozǔ 小组 group * xiàqu 下去 go down, to descend; go on, to continue * xiàwǔ hǎo 下午好 Good afternoon! * xiàyī 下一 next * xiàyīge 下一个 next * Xībānyá 西班牙 --> See Spain * xìbāo 细胞 cell * xīběi 西北 north-west * xīběibù 西北部 the northwest * xībù 西部 the west * -xiē 些 a measure word for small amount * xiě 写 to write * xiéhuì 协会 association * xiétóng 协同 v. to work in coordination with, to cooperate with; n. coordination, teamwork, synergism; adj. --> See ~ d * xiétóng d 协同的 co-ordinated * xiéyì 协议 deal, agreement, compact, treaty * xīfāng 西方 the west * Xīfāng 西方 the West; the Occident * xíguàn 习惯 habit, custom * xíjī 袭击 make a surprise attack on, raid * xīmiàn 西面 west side * xīn 新 new * xīn 心 heart * xìn 信 letter, mail; to believe * xīnánbù 西南部 the southwest * xìndài 信贷 credit * xíng 行 all right * -xìng 性 -ty; -ness; -ism; -ity * xíngdòng 行动 action * xìnggé 性格 nature, character, personality * xìnghuì 幸会 very pleased to meet you * xīngjiàn 兴建 to build * xīngqī 星期 week * Xīngqīliù 星期六 Saturday * Xīngqīrì 星期日 Sunday * Xīngqīsān 星期三 Wednesday * Xīngqītiān 星期天 Sunday * Xīngqīwǔ 星期五 Friday * xīngxing 猩猩 orangutan * xíngzhèng 行政 administration * xíngzhèngqū 行政区 administrative area, administrative zone, administrative region * xìnhào 信号 signal * Xīnjiāng 新疆 [[w:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]] * Xīnnián 新年 [[w:New Year|New Year]] * Xīnniánkuàilè 新年快乐 Happy New Year | Zhù nǐ ~. Wish you have a Happy New Year. * xìnrèn 信任 to trust * xīnwén 新闻 news * xìnxī 信息 message, information * xìnxīn 信心 confidence * xīnzàng 心脏 heart * xīnzàngbìng 心脏病 heart disease * xiōngdìhuì 兄弟会 frat, fraternity, brotherhood * Xī Ōu 西欧 the Western Europe * Xīshā Qúndǎo 西沙群岛 [[w:Xisha Islands|Xisha Islands]] * xīshí 吸食 to suck, to take in * xìtǒng 系统 system * xīwàng 希望 hope * xíwèi 席位 seat (at an assembly) * xīyān 吸烟 smoking * xuānbù 宣布 to declare, to announce * xuǎnchū 选出 to select, to elect; to vote in * xuānchuán 宣传 to propagate; propaganda * xuāngào 宣告 to declare * xuǎnjǔ 选举 election; to elect * xuānyán 宣言 announcement * xuǎnzé 选择 choice; to choose * xǔduō 许多 many * xué 学 to study, to learn * xuěbēng 雪崩 avalanche, snowslide, snowslip * xuěguì 雪柜 refrigerator * xuējiǎn 削减 to cut down, to reduce * xuēruò 削弱 to weaken * xuéshēng 学生 student * xuètáng 血糖 blood sugar * xuéwèi 学位 academic degree; degree * xuéxí 学习 to study, to learn * xuéxiào 学校 school * xuèxīng 血腥 bloody * Xùlìyà 叙利亚 --> See Syria * xùnhào 讯号 signal * xúnluó 巡逻 to patrol * xúnqiú 寻求 to seek * xùnsù 迅速 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * xùnsù d 迅速的 rapid, speedy, prompt, quick * xùnsù dy 迅速地 rapidly, speedy, quickly * xūqiú 需求 requirement, demand, needs * xūyào 需要 need; necessary </poem> ==Y== <poem> * yǎn 眼 small hole; measure word (for wells/caves/etc.) * yáncháng 延长 to extend * yáncí 言辞 words, expression * -yáng 洋 ocean * yángé 严格 tough, rigorous, strict * yángguāng 阳光 sunshine * yàngpǐn 样品 sample * yǎnjiǎng 演讲 speech, lecture * yǎnjīng 眼睛 eye * yánjiū 研究 to study, to research; research, study * yánjiū-bàogào 研究报告 research report * yánjiūzhě 研究者 researcher * yánlì 严厉 severe * yǎnshuō 演说 speaking, speech; to make speech, to speak * yānwù 烟雾 fume, smoke, smog, mist * yánwù 延误 to delay * yǎnxí 演习 military exercise * yánzhòng 严重 severe * yào 要 want to * yáochuán 谣传 to rumor; a rumor * yāoqiú 要求 to request, to call for, to demand; a request * yāowéi 腰围 waistline, waist circumference * yàowù 药物 drugs, medicines, pharmaceuticals * yáoyuǎn 遥远 remote, distant * Yàzhōu 亚洲 Asia * yě 也 also * Yēhéhuá 耶和华 --> See Jehovah * Yemen - Yemen - [[w:Yemen|Yemen]] * Yěmén 也门 --> See Yemen * yěshì 也是 also is * yèzǒnghuì 夜总会 nightclub * yī 一 one, 1; a, an * yǐ 以 using, taking; to, in order to * yì 亿 hundred million * yībàn 一半 half * yībùfèn 一部分 part; a part of * yìchéng 议程 agenda * yíchuán 遗传 to bequeath, pass on to the next generation; heredity * Yìdàlì 意大利 --> See Italy * Yìdàlì-báobǐng 意大利薄饼 --> See pizza * Yìdàlì-xiànbǐng 意大利馅饼 --> See pizza * yīdàn 一旦 once * yídǎosù 胰岛素 insulin * yīdiǎn 一点 point; a little; one o'clock * yīdìng 一定 fixed, definite, regular; certainly, surely * yīge 一个 a, an * yīgerén 一个人 someone, anyone * yǐhòu 以后 after, afterwards, later, hereafter * yīhuì 一会 a little while * yīhuìr 一会儿 --> See yīhuì * yìjiànzhě 异见者 dissident * yíjiāo 移交 to handover * yǐjīng 已经 already * -yǐlái 以来 since, till now * Yīlākè 伊拉克 --> See Iraq * Yīlǎng 伊朗 --> Iran * yīliáo 医疗 medical treatment * yímín 移民 to migrate; migrant * yǐncáng 隐藏 to hide * Yìndù 印度 --> See India * yǐnfā 引发 to ignite; to trigger * yíngdé 赢得 to win * yīng'ér 婴儿 baby, infant * yìngfù 应付 to tackle * yīnggāi 应该 should, ought to * Yīngguó 英国 the UK, Britain * Yīngguó Guǎngbō Gōngsī 英国广播公司 --> See BBC * Yīngguórén 英国人 UK person, UK people, Briton * Yīngjūn 英军 British troop, British soldier * yǐngxiǎng 影响 to affect * yíngyǎng 营养 nutrition * Yīngyǔ 英语 English language * yínháng 银行 bank * yǐnpǐn 饮品 a drink, drinks * yǐnqǐ 引起 to cause, lead to, give rise to * yǐnshí 饮食 food and drink, diet * yǐnshí-bùdàng 饮食不当 eating the wrong things * Yīntèwǎng 因特网 --> See Internet * yīnwèi 因为 because * yǐnyòng 饮用 to drink * yǐnyòngshuǐ 饮用水 water for drinking * yǐnzhì 引致 to cause * yǐqián 以前 ago, before * yīqiè 一切 all * yīrán 依然 still * yīshēng 医生 physician, doctor * yíshì 仪式 ceremony, rite * Yīsīlán 伊斯兰 --> See Islam * yī-tiān 一天 one day; whole sky of; a day; the whole day * yītǐhuà 一体化 to unify, to integrate; integration * yīxiē 一些 some * yīxìliè 一系列 a series of * yīxué 医学 medicine, medical science * yīxuéyuàn 医学院 medical school * yīyàng 一样 the same * yìyuán 议员 member of a legislative body; Member of Parliament, MP * yìyuánmen 议员们 members of a legislative body; Members of Parliament, MPs * yìyùzhèng 抑郁症 <medicine> depression * yízhǐ 遗址 ruins, relics; site (archeology) * yǐzhī 已知 known * yòng 用 to use * yònghù 用户 user * yònglái 用来 be used for * yōngyǒu 拥有 to possess, have, to own * yòngyú 用于 use in, use on * yóu 由 from; because of; by * yǒu 有 to have, to possess * yòu 又 again * yōuguān 有关 be related to * yóujīduì 游击队 guerrilla * yǒule 有了 had * yǒulì-yú 有利于 be beneficial to * yōulǜ 忧虑 worry; to concern, to worry * yǒuqián 有钱 rich * yóushuō 游说 to persuade * yóutián 油田 oil field * yǒu-wèntí 有问题 have problem, faulty * yǒuxiàn 有限 finite, limited * yǒuxiàn- 有线 wired * yǒuxiǎo 有效 effective * yóuxíng 游行 to parade, to march, to demonstrate * yóuyú 由于 because of, due to * yǒu-zhēngyì 有争议 v. be controversial/contested; adj. --> See ~ d * yǒu-zhēngyì d 有争议的 controversial * yǒu-zǔzhī 有组织 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * yǒu-zǔzhī d 有组织的 organized * * yǒu-zǔzhī dy 有组织地 in an organized way, systematically * yú 鱼 fish * -yú 于 in, at, to, from, out of, by; than * yǔ 与 and, with, together with * Yuán 元 [[w:Chinese Yuan|Yuan]] (sign: ¥; code: CNY), Chinese Yuan * -yuán 员 -er, -ist, member * yuǎn 远 far * yuánlái 原来 original * yuányóu 原油 crude oil * yuánzhù 援助 to aid; assistance, aid, help * yùcè 预测 to forecast, to predict; a forecast * yúcūn 渔村 fishing village * yùdào 遇到 to meet, to encounter * yuè 月 month * yuèchū 月初 beginning of a month, earlier month * yuèláiyuè 越来越 more and more * Yuènán 越南 Viet Nam, Vietnam * yùjì 预计 to predict * yúlèi 鱼类 fish (as a general category) * yúmín 渔民 fisherman * yùndòng 运动 to move; sports; to exercise * yùnfù 孕妇 pregnant woman * yùnsòng 运送 to deliver, to transport, to convey * yǔnxǔ 允许 to allow * yùnzài 运载 to carry, to convey * yùnzuǒ 运作 to operate * yùqī 预期 to expect * yùshàng 遇上 to encounter, run into * yùsuàn 预算 budget * yùwàng 欲望 desire, passion * yǔyán 语言 language * yǔyán-shíyànshì 语言实验室 [[w:language laboratory|language laboratory]] </poem> ==Z== <poem> * zài 在 be at/in/on * zài 载 to carry * zài- 再 re-, again * zàicì 再次 again * zàihuì 再会 Good-bye., See you again. * zàijiàn 再见 bye-bye, goodbye * zāinànxìng 灾难性 disastrous * zài-pínghéng 再平衡 to rebalance * zàirén 载人 manned * zàizhe 载着 carrying * zànchéng 赞成 to agree * zànglǐ 葬礼 funeral * zánmen 咱们 we, you and I, all together of us * zànshí 暂时 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * zànshí d 暂时的 temporary * zànshí dy 暂时地 temporarily * zàntíng 暂停 to suspend * zǎo 早 early; Good morning! * zǎo'ān 早安 Good morning! * zǎocān 早餐 breakfast * zǎochǎn 早产 early birth, premature birth * zàochéng 造成 to create, to cause * zàofǎnzhě 造反者 rebel * zàokuàngzhèng 躁狂症 [[w:mania|mania]] * zǎoshàng hǎo 早上好 Good morning! * zǎo zài 早在 as early as, as far back as * zázhì 杂志 magazine, journal, periodical * zēngjiā 增加 to increase, to add * zēngzhǎng 增长 to grow, to increase; growth * zēngzhǎnglǜ 增长率 growth rate * zěnme 怎么 how? * zěnmeyàng 怎么样 how? * zhàdàn 炸弹 bomb * zhàiquàn 债券 bond, debenture * zhàiwù 债务 debt * zhàiwù-wēijī 债务危机 debt crisis * zhàn 站 to stand; station, stop * zhàndòu 战斗 fighting; to fight * zhàndòujī 战斗机 fighter plane * -zhāng 张 a measure word for flat objects * zhǎng 长 to grow; older, elder * zhǎngguān 长官 senior officer * zhànlǐng 占领 to occupy * zhànlüè 战略 strategy * zhànshì 战士 fighter, soldier * zàntíng 暂停 to suspend * zhànzhēng 战争 war * zhǎo 找 to look for, to seek * zháohuǒ 着火 to catch fire, be on fire * zhàshāng 炸伤 to injure by explosion * zhàsǐ 炸死 to kill by explosion * zhàyào 炸药 explosives * -zhe 着 -ing * -zhě 者 -er * zhè 这 this * zhège 这个 this * zhèi 这 this * zhèlǐ 这里 here * zhēn 真 true, real * zhēnduì 针对 be aim at, be directed against * zhēnchájī 侦察机 reconnaissance plane, surveillance plane, scout, spy plane * zhēnduì 针对 to aim at, to target * zhèng 正 straight, upright * zhèngbiàn 政变 coup * zhèngcè 政策 policy * zhèngfǔ 政府 government * zhèngfǔ-cáizhèng 政府财政 fiscal * zhèngfǔjūn 政府军 government army/soldier * zhěngge 整个 whole * zhèngjiàn 政见 political view * zhèngkè 政客 politician * zhèngshí 证实 to confirm * zhèngshì 正式 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * zhèngshì d 正式的 formal; official * zhèngshì dy 正式地 formally; officially * zhèngshì-huìyuán 正式会员 full member * zhěngyè 整夜 whole night * zhēngyì 争议 a dispute; to dispute * zhěngyuè 整月 whole month * zhèngzài 正在 be in the process of * zhèngzhì 政治 politics, political affairs * zhèngzhìfàn 政治犯 political prisoner * zhèngzhìjiā 政治家 politician * zhèngzhuàng 症状 symptom * zhènhàn 震撼 to shake, to rock * zhènjīng 震惊 to stun; stunned * zhēnshí 真实 real * zhènyā 镇压 to suppress, to repress; suppression, repression * zhèxiē 这些 these * zhèyàng 这样 such, like this * -zhī 只 measure word (for animals, vessels, some utensils, one of a pair of things) * -zhī 支 a measure word for slender objects, military contingents, etc. * -zhī 之 indicating subordination * zhǐ 只 only * zhì 至 to * zhìcái 制裁 sanction * zhīchí 支持 to support; a support * zhīchízhě 支持者 supporter * zhǐchū 指出 to point out * zhīdào 知道 to know * zhìfú 制服 uniform * -zhīhòu 之后 after * zhǐhuīguān 指挥官 commander * -zhījiān 之间 between, among * zhíjiē 直接 direct; directly * zhìliáo 治疗 to treat, to cure * zhìmìng 致命 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * zhìmìng d 致命 deadly, fatal, mortal * zhìmìng dy 致命地 fatally, mortally * -zhīnèi 之内 within * -zhīqián 之前 before, prior to, ago * zhíquán 职权 official powers * zhìshǎo 至少 at least * zhíshéngjī 直升机 helicopter * zhǐ-shì 只是 merely/only/just/simply be * zhìsǐ 致死 to cause death * -zhīwài 之外 beyond; apart from; excluding; in addition * zhíwèi 职位 job; position * zhíxíng 执行 to enforce, to carry out, to execute * -zhīyī 之一 one of * zhìyí 质疑 to challenge, to query * zhǐyǒu 只有 only * zhíyuán 职员 staff * zhìzào 制造 to make * zhìzàoyè 制造业 manufacturing industry * zhízhì 直至 until * -zhīzhōng 之中 inside, within * -zhōng 中 -ing; inside, within, during * zhǒng 种 species * -zhǒng 种 a measure word for kinds/sorts/types * zhōngbù 中部 central section; middle, mid * zhōngchéng-dǎodàn 中程导弹 medium-range missile * zhōngchéng-dìduìkōng-dǎodàn 中程地对空导弹 medium-range surface-to-air missile * zhōngchéng-fènzǐ 忠诚分子 loyalist * Zhōngdōng 中东 the [[w:Middle East|Middle East]], Mideast * Zhōngguó 中国 China; adj. --> See ~ d * Zhōngguó d 中国的 Chinese, of China * Zhōngguórén 中国人 Chinese people, Chinese person * Zhōngguóyǔ 中国语 Chinese language * Zhōng-Měi 中美 China-US * zhòngshāng 重伤 serious wound, severe injury * Zhōngwén 中文 Chinese language * zhōngxīn 中心 center * zhōngyāng 中央 center; central * zhòngyào 重要 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * zhòngyào d 重要的 important * zhòngyào dy 重要地 weightily * zhōngyú 终于 finally, eventually * zhǒngzú 种族 race, ethnic group * zhōu 州 state, (autonomous) prefecture * zhōuwéi 周围 around * zhù 祝 to wish * zhù 住 to live, to reside * zhuànghuǐ 撞毁 to crash * zhuàngtài 状态 state, status, condition * zhuǎnhuàn 转换 to convert * zhuānjiā 专家 expert * zhùcè 注册 to register * zhuìhuǐ 坠毁 to prang, to crash, to fall and disintegrate * zhùmíng 著名 adj. --> See ~ d; adv. --> See ~ dy * zhùmíng d 著名的 prominent, famous * zhùmíng dy 著名地 famously * zhǔnbèi 准备 to prepare; preparation * zhuólù 着陆 to land * zhǔxí 主席 chairman * zhǔyào 主要 main, chief, principal, major, fundamental * zhǔyì 主义 doctrine * -zhǔyì 主义 -ism * -zhǔyìzhě 主义者 -ist * zhùzhái 住宅 residence, dwelling, home * zhùzháiqū 住宅区 residential area * zīběn 资本 <economics> capital * zìcóng 自从 since, from * zīgé 资格 qualification * zìjǐ 自己 oneself * zījīn 资金 fund * zīliào 资料 data, material, information * zìmǔ 字母 letter, alphabet * zìshā 自杀 suicide * zìshā-shì 自杀式 suicide-style * zīxùn 资讯 information * zìyóu-mínzhǔdǎng 自由民主党 liberal democratic party * zīyuán 资源 resources * zǒngbù 总部 headquarters * zǒngcái 总裁 president, director of a business, CEO * zǒnggòng 总共 total * zōngjiào 宗教 religion * zǒnglǐ 总理 prime minister, premier, chancellor * zǒngtǒng 总统 president * zǒngzhàn 总站 main station, terminal * zǒu 走 to walk, to go * zǒulù 走路 to walk; walking * zǒuxiàng 走向 move toward; head for; run, trend; alignment * zǔchéng 组成 to form, make up, to compose * zúgòu 足够 enough * zuì- 最 most * zuìdà 最大 biggest * zuìdī 最低 lowest, minimum * zuìgāo 最高 highest, supreme * zuìhòu 最后 last, final * zuìhòu-tōngdié 最后通牒 ultimatum * zuìjìn 最近 lately, newly * zuìmíng 罪名 accusation, a charge * zuìshǎo 最少 at least * zuìxīn 最新 the newest, the latest * zuò 坐 to sit * zuò 做 to make * zuò 作 to do, to make * zuǒpài 左派 the left, the left wing, left-winger; leftist * zuòwéi 作为 to regard as, to look on as, to treat as * zuòxia 坐下 sit down * zuòzhe 坐着 sitting * zúqiú 足球 football, soccer * zǔyán 阻延 to delay * zǔzhī 组织 to organize; organization * zǔzhīzhě 组织者 organizer </poem> ==1== <poem> * 1/yī 一 1, one * 10/shí 十 10, ten * 100/yībǎi 一百 100, one hundred * 11/shíyī 十一 11, eleven * 12/shí'èr 十二 12, twelve * 1/2 / èr fēnzhī yī 二分之一 1/2, a half * 13/shísān 十三 13, thirteen </poem> ==2== <poem> * 2/èr 二 2, two * 20/èrshí 二十 20, twenty * 2011 nián / èr-líng-yī-yī nián - 2011年 - year 2011 * 2012 nián / èr-líng-yī-èr nián - 2012年 - year 2012 * 24/èrshísì 二十四 24, twenty-four * 24/7 - 24/7 - 24/7, uptime is 24 hours a day 7 days a week </poem> ==3== <poem> * 3/sān 三 3, three </poem> ==4== <poem> * 4/sì 四 4, four * 45/sìshíwǔ 四十五 45, forty-five </poem> ==5== <poem> * 5/wǔ 五 5, five </poem> ==6== <poem> * 6/liù 六 6, six </poem> ==7== <poem> * 7/qī 七 7, seven * 72/qīshí'èr 七十二 72, seventy-two </poem> ==8== <poem> * 8/bā 八 8, eight </poem> ==9== <poem> * 9/jiǔ 九 9, nine </poem> ==-== <poem> * -/zhì 至 -, to </poem> ==α== <poem> * α-shèxiàn / alpha shèxiàn - α射线/alpha射线 - α-ray, alpha ray </poem> ==π== <poem> * π - π - π, pi, the numerical value of the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (approximately 3.1416) </poem> = Resources = *[[:Category:Book:Pinyin]] *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Efex3 See also] =Appendix= *[[Pinyin#Appendix]] {{BookCat}} [[Category:Pinyin/Chinese Language]] 52xa0yln8z5jltl9ufch7l0ykju0hy4 0 359323 4641026 4640873 2026-06-23T19:53:02Z Boris1951zz 3378369 4641026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;"> </span>}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;"> </span>}} [[File:USA CATALOG LOGO3.png|400px]|center]] <div class="center">[[File: USA A2new.jpg|130px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|180px]] <br><br> <i><span style="font-size:xx-large; color:BLUE;">'''''Welcome to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog!'''''</span></i> </div> <br> <br> [[File: USA A1.jpg|right|190px]] <div style="font-size:medium;"> * In 1897 the United States became the first country in the world to use postage meters on an experimental basis to frank live mail. After years of further experimentation and development postage meters were finally approved for use by the general public in 1920. Experimentation continued long after this date as the machines continued to be improved and perfected. All this activity and fermentation makes the U.S. one of the most interesting and complex countries to collect for postage meter stamps. * This online edition of ''The United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog'' is an expansion and update of the paper edition, written and published by Joel Hawkins and Rick Stambaugh in 1994 and updated previously in 2001. It uses a new, more logical, decimal system for assigning Type numbers. Type numbers that are different from the earlier edition show the previous designation as follows: <span style="font-size:x-small; color:blue;">''Type '''XXX''' in 2001 edition''</span> *<div style="color: red;"> Comments, suggested changes, corrections, and additions to the catalog are encouraged. Email <span style="color:blue;"> "''' Alan Knutson'''":</span><span style="color:red;"> boris1951@charter.net</span></div> </div> ---- <span style="font-size:medium; color:teal;"><u>'''''Latest changes:'''''</u></span> {| |- |style="width:50%; color: teal;"| *23 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-E3.9'''" added "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Mark S!) *23 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-E3.3C'''" and "'''PC-E3.3D'''" changed to "'''PC-E3.8.1'''" and PC-E3.8.2'''" *21 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-F2.2'''" added "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Mark H!) *21 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-F2'''" changed to "'''PC-F2.1'''" *14 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''IA4.1Bb'''" missing last digit of meter number (''61168'') *1 Jan: {{space|5}} Type "'''PO-A6.2BB.f'''" with large "'''PO'''" added *1 Jan: {{space|5}} Type "'''PO-A6.2BB.b'''" illustration added *5 Dec: {{space|5}} Type "'''QD1c'''" added, "'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''"(Thank you Babs N!) *5 Dec: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E3.7.1'''" added, "'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''"(Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!) *1 Dec: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E3.7'''" added (Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!) *11 Nov: {{space|3}} Type "'''IA4.6'''" 700000 series added *22 Oct: {{space|3}} Type "'''HC1.1-5.3'''" added "'''ADD'L 1/4¢ ''' at bottom line of slogan/ad (''9007'')" *2 Oct: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''" ''' HAZMAT ''' label added (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 Oct: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-A1.11'''" added, a version with several differences from the initial issue (Thank you Mark R!!) *2 Oct: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-A1.1'''" Renumbered to "'''PC-A1.10'''" *14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type "'''QA7.2.1'''" added, "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Frankie S!) *14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type "'''QA7.2'''" renumbered to "'''QA7.2.0'''" *14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-D4.4'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *3 Sep: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-AG49'''" "'''Orbitran'''" with complete box (Thank you Ronnie R!) *1 Sep: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-F4.6'''" "'''EASYPOST'''" with "'''POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *1 Sep: {{space|5}} Type "'''IC4.1f'''" meter with right digit missing (Thank you Ronnie R!) *13 Aug: {{space|3}} Type "'''DF3.3'''" added meter number to 8c usage [RRRR] (Thank you Ronnie R!) *7 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D3.3B.5'''" changed to "'''PC-D3.3B.5A'''", "'''PC-D3.3B.5B'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *5 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PFF4.1'''" added "'''Mrs Lyndon B. Johnson'''" *2 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-C2.4.4'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-C2.4.2D'''" deleted *29 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''SPE-IA1'''" colors known noted (red or green) (second known example). (Thank you Ronnie R!) *20 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''PO-B14.1A-3'''" added (Thank you Otto B!) *18 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-AD31.1A'''" New illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *18 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-AD30'''" note, illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *18 Jul: {{space|5}} Group "'''PPS-A'''" Reorganized *13 Jul: {{space|5}} Types "'''CA1.2'''" note added, solid filled rectangle in place of permit number (Meisel variety) (Thank you Robert O!) *23 Jun: {{space|3}} Types "'''OO-K5'''" and "'''QB1.2'''" cross referencees added *20 Jun: {{space|3}} Type "'''OO-K5'''" added, penalty statement in two lines at right of single line "'''US OFFICIAL MAIL'''" (Thank you Otto B!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9C.0'''" and "'''PC-D5.9C.1'''"added "'''www.paypal.com'''"(Thank you Frankie S!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9B.2'''" added F/V indicated above date, "'''USPSIMB'''" font (Thank you Frankie S!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9B.1'''" added F/V indicated above date (Thank you Frankie S!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9B'''" changed to "'''PC-D5.9B.0'''" *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-C8'''" added, "'''Stamps / Endicia'''" (Thank you Mark M!) *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-D03.1'''" added, "'''TNT Mailfast'''" with meter type LB1.1A (Thank you Mark M!) *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-Y01'''" added "'''DHL Global Mail'''" *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Added to the biblio. Hawkins, Joel A. "'''State and Local Official Mail/ Official Business Slogan Meter '''" *30 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A02.4'''" new usage added, new illustration (Thank you Ronnie R!) *25 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-F1.2'''" added, "'''Easypost'''" (Thank you Frankie S!) *20 May: {{space|3}} Slug "'''4f'''" for provisional with space created by removal of ½ between "571" and "P" from "'''SEC 571½ P.L.& R.'''". *15 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-6Z01'''" added (Thank you Harold E!) *15 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-6Z'''" added "'''Jitsu'''", a "last mile delivery service" (Thank you Harold E!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A12.04c'''" added, (Thank you Ronnie R!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A13.01b'''" New illustration, (Thank you Ronnie R!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A12.01b'''" New illustration, (will be realigned) (Thank you Ronnie R!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A56.1'''" new EKU, new usage, new illustration (Thank you Ronnie R!) *5 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E1.3D'''" Added, (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''OO-B1'''" illustration added *2 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-5Z01'''" added "'''OnTrac'''", a "last mile delivery service" (Thank you Mark M!) *26 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A18.02.2'''" usage added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *24 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A19.06.2A'''" usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *24 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A19.06.2B'''" usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *15 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-F4.5'''" added, "'''Easypost'''" (Thank you Mark H!) *15 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''" usage and illustration added (Thank you Thomas R!) *15 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-4Z01'''" added, "'''Too Express'''" a last mile, drone delivery service (Thank you Harold E!) *9 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E5.1'''" additional directive usage added (Thank you Frankie S!) *5 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D6'''" reorganized, split into "'''PC-D6.0, PC-D6.1.0, PC-D6.1.1'''" *4 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''QA6.3'''" "'''Neopost'''" "'''IMI'''" added (Thank you Mark H!) *4 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''QB5.2A'''" series "00062" under "027H" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E5.1'''" added "'''ENDICIA'''", "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Thomas R!) *2 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E4.1'''" added "'''ENDICIA'''" (Thank you Karim R!) |style="width:50%; color: teal;"| * |} <br> == <div class="center"><span style="color:red; font-size:xx-large;">'''Table of Contents'''</span></div> == <br> <div style="font-size:medium;"> * <u>'''[[/Information for collectors/]]'''</u> <span style="color:purple;"> (''the basics of U.S. meter stamp collecting'')</span> : •• [[/Postage meters and mailing machines/|Postage meters and mailing machines]] : •• [[/Meter and Permit numbers/|Meter and Permit numbers]] : •• [[/Ink colors and fluorescence/|Ink colors and fluorescence]] : •• [[/Town and date marks/|Town and date marks]] : •• [[/Surcharge slugs/|Surcharge slugs]] : •• [[/Essays/Specimens/Proofs/|Essays/Specimens/Proofs]] : •• [[/Rarity and values/|Rarity and values]] </div> * <u>'''[[/Glossary and Abbreviations/]]'''</u> <span style="color:purple;"> (''understanding the stamp descriptions'')</span> * <u>'''[[/Postage Meter Manufacturers (with time chart)/]]'''</u> * <u>'''[[/Adhesive paper tapes/]]'''</u> * <u>'''[[/Directional slugs/]]'''</u> * <u>'''[[/Bibliography/]]'''</u> <br> ---- <br> ::<span style="color:red;"> '''(''Types A through Q represent the general commercial meters available to the public, the groups after Type Q are for special services or types not generally available to the public,this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''</span> <br> * [[/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920/|'''GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA meter catalog Group A thumbnail.jpeg|150px]] * [[/GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA B1.jpg|150px]] * [[/GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA CA1.jpg|150px]] * [[/GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame/|'''GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: Group D thumb.jpg|180px]] * [[/GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners/|'''GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners (NCR)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|80px]] * [[/GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center/|'''GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA F4A.jpg|120px]] * [[/GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA G1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA G3.jpg|120px]] * [[/GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA H2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA H3.jpg|120px]] * [[/GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA IA1.jpg|100px]] [[File: USA IB4.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA IC1.jpg|110px]] * [[/GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark (Postalia)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA J1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA J6.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP K – Frank with torch motif/|'''GROUP K – Frank with hand held torch''']] [[File: USA KA2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA KB1.jpg|100px]][[File: USA KD1.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA KE1.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle/|'''GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle (Hasler)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA LA1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA LB1A.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP M – Simple rectangle with star ornaments/|'''GROUP M – Simple rectangle with stars (Neopost)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA P1.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/|'''GROUP N – Digital stamps without 2D barcode''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing/|Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing (also ''LOW VALUE'')]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M2.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA M5.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA M6A.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA meter stamp NA examples.jpg|right|240px]] : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/#Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, frameless rectangular design with profile of eagle at right facing left/|Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, complete profile of eagle facing left]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA LC1.jpg|110px]] : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand/|Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA N1.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA N2.jpg|120px]] : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval/|Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA MB1.jpg|140px]] </div> ::<span style="color:red;">'''(''Groups O and P not used to avoid confusion with Groups OO, PC, PO, PD, and PV.'')'''</span> * [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode/|'''GROUP Q – Digital stamps with "Datamatrix" or "IBI Lite" 2D barcode''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QA – Neopost-Hasler, Neopost (branded as Neopost, Hasler, or ASCOM Hasler)/|Sub-group QA – Hasler, Neopost-Hasler, Neopost, Quadient]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA meter stamp QA2.jpg|70px]] [[File:USA N3.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA R2A.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA stamp type R8.jpg|150px]] : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes#/|Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M9.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M13.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M11.jpg|160px]] : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA R5.jpg|130px]][[File:USA stamp type R10.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QD – Data-Pac/|Sub-group QD – Data-Pac]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA S1.jpg|130px]] </div> <br /> <br> <br> ::<span style="color:red;"> '''(''The groups after Type Q are for special services or types not generally available to the public, this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''</span> <br> * [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online/|'''GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#/Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp/|Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp]][[File:PC thumb.jpg|right|400px]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-B – Neopost/|Sub-group PC-B – Neopost]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com/|Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes/|Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)/|Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-F – easypost/|Sub-group PC-F – easypost]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-G – USPS/|Sub-group PC-G – USPS]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia]] </div> * [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|'''GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters and franking systems operated by Post Office window clerks''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-A – Stamps generated by commercial postage meters modified for use in post offices]] : •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-B – Stamps generated by machines or systems unique to Post Office use, with no resemblance to any commercial meter stamp]] </div> * [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|'''GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-A – Thin arrow pointing right, inverted "POSTAGE DUE" above, inverted "COLLECT" below]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type A thumbnail.jpg|120px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-B – Right-pointing outline arrow containing "POSTAGE DUE/PAID", barbs on pointed end]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type B thumbnail.jpg|120px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-C – Right-pointing outline arrow containing "POSTAGE DUE/PAID", no barbs, lines thick on bottom]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type C thumbnail.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-D – Vertical rectangle containing "POSTAGE/DUE"]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type D thumbnail.jpg|110px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-E – Wide "T" containing "POSTAGE/DUE" (Pitney Bowes)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type E thumbnail.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-F – Wide "T" containing "POSTAGE/DUE" (Friden)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type F thumbnail.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-G – Digital label with "POSTAGE DUE" across top, Intermec]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type G thumbnail.jpg|140px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-H – Digital P.O. counter label with "PD" in town line, MOS-UNISYS]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Types H and J spacer.jpg|180px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-J – Digital P.O. counter label with "POSTAGE DUE" at top]] </div> * [[/GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks/|'''GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks''']] * [[/GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks''']] * [[/GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks''']] : •• Sub-group OA-NAV – U.S. Navy : •• Sub-group OA-AAF – U.S. Army & Air Force : •• Sub-group OA-ARM – U.S. Army : •• Sub-group OA-AIR – U.S. Air Force : •• Sub-group OA-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps : •• Sub-group OA-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices : •• Sub-group OA-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices : •• Sub-group OA-NGD – National Guard <br /> * [[/GROUP AR/|'''GROUP AR – Meter stamps used by the Armed Forces''']] : •• Sub-group AR-NAV – U.S. Navy : •• Sub-group AR-AAF – U.S. Army & Air Force : •• Sub-group AR-ARM – U.S. Army : •• Sub-group AR-AIR – U.S. Air Force : •• Sub-group AR-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps : •• Sub-group AR-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices : •• Sub-group AR-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices : •• Sub-group AR-NGD – National Guard <br /> * [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|'''GROUP ESY – Essays''']] : •• Sub-group ESY-A – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Essays from before meters were approved for general use in 1920]] : •• Sub-group ESY-B – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Early competitive development, 1921 to 1938]] : •• Sub-group ESY-C – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Later competitive development (mechanical meters), 1938 to 1990s]] : •• Sub-group ESY-D – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Digital meter essays, 1980 to date]] <br /> * [[/GROUP MEI – Meisel/|'''GROUP MEI – Meisel''']] <br /> * [[/GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks/|'''GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks''']] <br> * [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/ |''' GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps''']] : •• Sub-group PPS-A – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the UPS (United Parcel Service)]] : •• Sub-group PPS-B – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Rochester Package Delivery]] : •• Sub-group PPS-C – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Retail Delivery Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-D – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from TNT]] : •• Sub-group PPS-E – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Purolator]] : •• Sub-group PPS-F – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from EFD Package Express]] : •• Sub-group PPS-G – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from American Messenger Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-H – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from APD]] : •• Sub-group PPS-I – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Berkshire Apparel Corporation]] : •• Sub-group PPS-J – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Canpar]] : •• Sub-group PPS-K – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from CMR]] : •• Sub-group PPS-L – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from State of North Carolina Courier Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-M – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc ?)]] : •• Sub-group PPS-N – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Hourly]] : •• Sub-group PPS-O – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Local Parcel Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-P – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Maclen Express Co]] : •• Sub-group PPS-Q – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Merchants Delivery Co]] : •• Sub-group PPS-R – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Delivery Co]] : •• Sub-group PPS-S – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-T – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Post Par]] : •• Sub-group PPS-U – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Spee-Dee Delivery Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-V – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Metroline]] : •• Sub-group PPS-W – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Amazon Prime]] : •• Sub-group PPS-X – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from FEDEX/Federal Express]] : •• Sub-group PPS-Y – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Global Mail]] : •• Sub-group PPS-Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from P R CHINA POST / USPS Partnership]] : •• Sub-group PPS-2Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DHL]] : •• Sub-group PPS-3Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from uniuni]] : •• Sub-group PPS-4Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Too Express]] : •• Sub-group PPS-5Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from OnTrac]] : •• Sub-group PPS-6Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Jitsu]] <br /> * [[/GROUPS REV and SRV: Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|'''GROUPS REV and SRV– Non-postal franks used to collect tax, also known as fiscal or revenue franks''']] : •• [[/GROUP REV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group REV –Non-postal franks used to collect Federal tax/ : •• [[/GROUP SRV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group SRV –Non-postal franks used to collect State and local tax/ <br> * [[/GROUP SPE – Specimens/|'''GROUP SPE – Specimens''']] <br> * [[/GROUP TST – Test stamps/|'''GROUP TST – Test stamps''']] <br /> <br /> <div class="center"><span style="color:blue; font-size:x-large;">· ♦ ·</span> <span style="color:blue; font-size:x-large;">·</span>[[/sandbox3/|<span style="color:blue; font-size:x-large;">·</span>]] </div> ---- <!--Book Templates --> {{Shelves|Collecting}} {{alphabetical}} {{status|25%}} 527h7ovdyszhfwelhkesy6jbo63hkkh 4641029 4641026 2026-06-23T20:04:01Z Boris1951zz 3378369 4641029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;"> </span>}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;"> </span>}} [[File:USA CATALOG LOGO3.png|400px]|center]] <div class="center">[[File: USA A2new.jpg|130px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|180px]] <br><br> <i><span style="font-size:xx-large; color:BLUE;">'''''Welcome to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog!'''''</span></i> </div> <br> <br> [[File: USA A1.jpg|right|190px]] <div style="font-size:medium;"> * In 1897 the United States became the first country in the world to use postage meters on an experimental basis to frank live mail. After years of further experimentation and development postage meters were finally approved for use by the general public in 1920. Experimentation continued long after this date as the machines continued to be improved and perfected. All this activity and fermentation makes the U.S. one of the most interesting and complex countries to collect for postage meter stamps. * This online edition of ''The United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog'' is an expansion and update of the paper edition, written and published by Joel Hawkins and Rick Stambaugh in 1994 and updated previously in 2001. It uses a new, more logical, decimal system for assigning Type numbers. Type numbers that are different from the earlier edition show the previous designation as follows: <span style="font-size:x-small; color:blue;">''Type '''XXX''' in 2001 edition''</span> *<div style="color: red;"> Comments, suggested changes, corrections, and additions to the catalog are encouraged. Email <span style="color:blue;"> "''' Alan Knutson'''":</span><span style="color:red;"> boris1951@charter.net</span></div> </div> ---- <span style="font-size:medium; color:teal;"><u>'''''Latest changes:'''''</u></span> {| |- |style="width:50%; color: teal;"| *23 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-E3.9'''" added "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Mark S!) *23 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-E3.3C'''" and "'''PC-E3.3D'''" changed to "'''PC-E3.8.1'''" and "'''PC-E3.8.2'''" *21 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-F2.2'''" added "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Mark H!) *21 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''PC-F2'''" changed to "'''PC-F2.1'''" *14 Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type "'''IA4.1Bb'''" missing last digit of meter number (''61168'') *1 Jan: {{space|5}} Type "'''PO-A6.2BB.f'''" with large "'''PO'''" added *1 Jan: {{space|5}} Type "'''PO-A6.2BB.b'''" illustration added *5 Dec: {{space|5}} Type "'''QD1c'''" added, "'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''"(Thank you Babs N!) *5 Dec: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E3.7.1'''" added, "'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''"(Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!) *1 Dec: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E3.7'''" added (Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!) *11 Nov: {{space|3}} Type "'''IA4.6'''" 700000 series added *22 Oct: {{space|3}} Type "'''HC1.1-5.3'''" added "'''ADD'L 1/4¢ ''' at bottom line of slogan/ad (''9007'')" *2 Oct: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''" ''' HAZMAT ''' label added (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 Oct: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-A1.11'''" added, a version with several differences from the initial issue (Thank you Mark R!!) *2 Oct: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-A1.1'''" Renumbered to "'''PC-A1.10'''" *14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type "'''QA7.2.1'''" added, "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Frankie S!) *14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type "'''QA7.2'''" renumbered to "'''QA7.2.0'''" *14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-D4.4'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *3 Sep: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-AG49'''" "'''Orbitran'''" with complete box (Thank you Ronnie R!) *1 Sep: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-F4.6'''" "'''EASYPOST'''" with "'''POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *1 Sep: {{space|5}} Type "'''IC4.1f'''" meter with right digit missing (Thank you Ronnie R!) *13 Aug: {{space|3}} Type "'''DF3.3'''" added meter number to 8c usage [RRRR] (Thank you Ronnie R!) *7 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D3.3B.5'''" changed to "'''PC-D3.3B.5A'''", "'''PC-D3.3B.5B'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *5 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PFF4.1'''" added "'''Mrs Lyndon B. Johnson'''" *2 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-C2.4.4'''" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 Aug: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-C2.4.2D'''" deleted *29 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''SPE-IA1'''" colors known noted (red or green) (second known example). (Thank you Ronnie R!) *20 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''PO-B14.1A-3'''" added (Thank you Otto B!) *18 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-AD31.1A'''" New illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *18 Jul: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-AD30'''" note, illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *18 Jul: {{space|5}} Group "'''PPS-A'''" Reorganized *13 Jul: {{space|5}} Types "'''CA1.2'''" note added, solid filled rectangle in place of permit number (Meisel variety) (Thank you Robert O!) *23 Jun: {{space|3}} Types "'''OO-K5'''" and "'''QB1.2'''" cross referencees added *20 Jun: {{space|3}} Type "'''OO-K5'''" added, penalty statement in two lines at right of single line "'''US OFFICIAL MAIL'''" (Thank you Otto B!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9C.0'''" and "'''PC-D5.9C.1'''"added "'''www.paypal.com'''"(Thank you Frankie S!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9B.2'''" added F/V indicated above date, "'''USPSIMB'''" font (Thank you Frankie S!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9B.1'''" added F/V indicated above date (Thank you Frankie S!) *9 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D5.9B'''" changed to "'''PC-D5.9B.0'''" *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-C8'''" added, "'''Stamps / Endicia'''" (Thank you Mark M!) *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-D03.1'''" added, "'''TNT Mailfast'''" with meter type LB1.1A (Thank you Mark M!) *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-Y01'''" added "'''DHL Global Mail'''" *1 Jun: {{space|5}} Added to the biblio. Hawkins, Joel A. "'''State and Local Official Mail/ Official Business Slogan Meter '''" *30 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A02.4'''" new usage added, new illustration (Thank you Ronnie R!) *25 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-F1.2'''" added, "'''Easypost'''" (Thank you Frankie S!) *20 May: {{space|3}} Slug "'''4f'''" for provisional with space created by removal of ½ between "571" and "P" from "'''SEC 571½ P.L.& R.'''". *15 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-6Z01'''" added (Thank you Harold E!) *15 May: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-6Z'''" added "'''Jitsu'''", a "last mile delivery service" (Thank you Harold E!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A12.04c'''" added, (Thank you Ronnie R!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A13.01b'''" New illustration, (Thank you Ronnie R!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A12.01b'''" New illustration, (will be realigned) (Thank you Ronnie R!) *8 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-A56.1'''" new EKU, new usage, new illustration (Thank you Ronnie R!) *5 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E1.3D'''" Added, (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''OO-B1'''" illustration added *2 May: {{space|5}} Type "'''PPS-5Z01'''" added "'''OnTrac'''", a "last mile delivery service" (Thank you Mark M!) *26 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A18.02.2'''" usage added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *24 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A19.06.2A'''" usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *24 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-A19.06.2B'''" usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!) *15 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-F4.5'''" added, "'''Easypost'''" (Thank you Mark H!) *15 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''" usage and illustration added (Thank you Thomas R!) *15 Apr: {{space|3}} Type "'''PPS-4Z01'''" added, "'''Too Express'''" a last mile, drone delivery service (Thank you Harold E!) *9 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E5.1'''" additional directive usage added (Thank you Frankie S!) *5 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-D6'''" reorganized, split into "'''PC-D6.0, PC-D6.1.0, PC-D6.1.1'''" *4 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''QA6.3'''" "'''Neopost'''" "'''IMI'''" added (Thank you Mark H!) *4 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''QB5.2A'''" series "00062" under "027H" added (Thank you Frankie S!) *2 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E5.1'''" added "'''ENDICIA'''", "'''IMI'''" (Thank you Thomas R!) *2 Apr: {{space|5}} Type "'''PC-E4.1'''" added "'''ENDICIA'''" (Thank you Karim R!) |style="width:50%; color: teal;"| * |} <br> == <div class="center"><span style="color:red; font-size:xx-large;">'''Table of Contents'''</span></div> == <br> <div style="font-size:medium;"> * <u>'''[[/Information for collectors/]]'''</u> <span style="color:purple;"> (''the basics of U.S. meter stamp collecting'')</span> : •• [[/Postage meters and mailing machines/|Postage meters and mailing machines]] : •• [[/Meter and Permit numbers/|Meter and Permit numbers]] : •• [[/Ink colors and fluorescence/|Ink colors and fluorescence]] : •• [[/Town and date marks/|Town and date marks]] : •• [[/Surcharge slugs/|Surcharge slugs]] : •• [[/Essays/Specimens/Proofs/|Essays/Specimens/Proofs]] : •• [[/Rarity and values/|Rarity and values]] </div> * <u>'''[[/Glossary and Abbreviations/]]'''</u> <span style="color:purple;"> (''understanding the stamp descriptions'')</span> * <u>'''[[/Postage Meter Manufacturers (with time chart)/]]'''</u> * <u>'''[[/Adhesive paper tapes/]]'''</u> * <u>'''[[/Directional slugs/]]'''</u> * <u>'''[[/Bibliography/]]'''</u> <br> ---- <br> ::<span style="color:red;"> '''(''Types A through Q represent the general commercial meters available to the public, the groups after Type Q are for special services or types not generally available to the public,this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''</span> <br> * [[/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920/|'''GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA meter catalog Group A thumbnail.jpeg|150px]] * [[/GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA B1.jpg|150px]] * [[/GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA CA1.jpg|150px]] * [[/GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame/|'''GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: Group D thumb.jpg|180px]] * [[/GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners/|'''GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners (NCR)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|80px]] * [[/GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center/|'''GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA F4A.jpg|120px]] * [[/GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA G1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA G3.jpg|120px]] * [[/GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA H2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA H3.jpg|120px]] * [[/GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA IA1.jpg|100px]] [[File: USA IB4.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA IC1.jpg|110px]] * [[/GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark (Postalia)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA J1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA J6.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP K – Frank with torch motif/|'''GROUP K – Frank with hand held torch''']] [[File: USA KA2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA KB1.jpg|100px]][[File: USA KD1.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA KE1.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle/|'''GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle (Hasler)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA LA1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA LB1A.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP M – Simple rectangle with star ornaments/|'''GROUP M – Simple rectangle with stars (Neopost)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA P1.jpg|140px]] * [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/|'''GROUP N – Digital stamps without 2D barcode''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing/|Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing (also ''LOW VALUE'')]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M2.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA M5.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA M6A.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA meter stamp NA examples.jpg|right|240px]] : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/#Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, frameless rectangular design with profile of eagle at right facing left/|Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, complete profile of eagle facing left]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA LC1.jpg|110px]] : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand/|Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA N1.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA N2.jpg|120px]] : •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval/|Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA MB1.jpg|140px]] </div> ::<span style="color:red;">'''(''Groups O and P not used to avoid confusion with Groups OO, PC, PO, PD, and PV.'')'''</span> * [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode/|'''GROUP Q – Digital stamps with "Datamatrix" or "IBI Lite" 2D barcode''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QA – Neopost-Hasler, Neopost (branded as Neopost, Hasler, or ASCOM Hasler)/|Sub-group QA – Hasler, Neopost-Hasler, Neopost, Quadient]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA meter stamp QA2.jpg|70px]] [[File:USA N3.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA R2A.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA stamp type R8.jpg|150px]] : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes#/|Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M9.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M13.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M11.jpg|160px]] : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA R5.jpg|130px]][[File:USA stamp type R10.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QD – Data-Pac/|Sub-group QD – Data-Pac]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA S1.jpg|130px]] </div> <br /> <br> <br> ::<span style="color:red;"> '''(''The groups after Type Q are for special services or types not generally available to the public, this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''</span> <br> * [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online/|'''GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#/Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp/|Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp]][[File:PC thumb.jpg|right|400px]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-B – Neopost/|Sub-group PC-B – Neopost]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com/|Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes/|Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)/|Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-F – easypost/|Sub-group PC-F – easypost]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-G – USPS/|Sub-group PC-G – USPS]] : •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia]] </div> * [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|'''GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters and franking systems operated by Post Office window clerks''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-A – Stamps generated by commercial postage meters modified for use in post offices]] : •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-B – Stamps generated by machines or systems unique to Post Office use, with no resemblance to any commercial meter stamp]] </div> * [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|'''GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due''']] <div style="color:#0000A0;"> : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-A – Thin arrow pointing right, inverted "POSTAGE DUE" above, inverted "COLLECT" below]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type A thumbnail.jpg|120px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-B – Right-pointing outline arrow containing "POSTAGE DUE/PAID", barbs on pointed end]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type B thumbnail.jpg|120px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-C – Right-pointing outline arrow containing "POSTAGE DUE/PAID", no barbs, lines thick on bottom]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type C thumbnail.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-D – Vertical rectangle containing "POSTAGE/DUE"]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type D thumbnail.jpg|110px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-E – Wide "T" containing "POSTAGE/DUE" (Pitney Bowes)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type E thumbnail.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-F – Wide "T" containing "POSTAGE/DUE" (Friden)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type F thumbnail.jpg|130px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-G – Digital label with "POSTAGE DUE" across top, Intermec]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type G thumbnail.jpg|140px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-H – Digital P.O. counter label with "PD" in town line, MOS-UNISYS]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Types H and J spacer.jpg|180px]] : •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-J – Digital P.O. counter label with "POSTAGE DUE" at top]] </div> * [[/GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks/|'''GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks''']] * [[/GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks''']] * [[/GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks''']] : •• Sub-group OA-NAV – U.S. Navy : •• Sub-group OA-AAF – U.S. Army & Air Force : •• Sub-group OA-ARM – U.S. Army : •• Sub-group OA-AIR – U.S. Air Force : •• Sub-group OA-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps : •• Sub-group OA-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices : •• Sub-group OA-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices : •• Sub-group OA-NGD – National Guard <br /> * [[/GROUP AR/|'''GROUP AR – Meter stamps used by the Armed Forces''']] : •• Sub-group AR-NAV – U.S. Navy : •• Sub-group AR-AAF – U.S. Army & Air Force : •• Sub-group AR-ARM – U.S. Army : •• Sub-group AR-AIR – U.S. Air Force : •• Sub-group AR-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps : •• Sub-group AR-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices : •• Sub-group AR-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices : •• Sub-group AR-NGD – National Guard <br /> * [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|'''GROUP ESY – Essays''']] : •• Sub-group ESY-A – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Essays from before meters were approved for general use in 1920]] : •• Sub-group ESY-B – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Early competitive development, 1921 to 1938]] : •• Sub-group ESY-C – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Later competitive development (mechanical meters), 1938 to 1990s]] : •• Sub-group ESY-D – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Digital meter essays, 1980 to date]] <br /> * [[/GROUP MEI – Meisel/|'''GROUP MEI – Meisel''']] <br /> * [[/GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks/|'''GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks''']] <br> * [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/ |''' GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps''']] : •• Sub-group PPS-A – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the UPS (United Parcel Service)]] : •• Sub-group PPS-B – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Rochester Package Delivery]] : •• Sub-group PPS-C – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Retail Delivery Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-D – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from TNT]] : •• Sub-group PPS-E – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Purolator]] : •• Sub-group PPS-F – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from EFD Package Express]] : •• Sub-group PPS-G – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from American Messenger Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-H – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from APD]] : •• Sub-group PPS-I – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Berkshire Apparel Corporation]] : •• Sub-group PPS-J – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Canpar]] : •• Sub-group PPS-K – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from CMR]] : •• Sub-group PPS-L – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from State of North Carolina Courier Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-M – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc ?)]] : •• Sub-group PPS-N – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Hourly]] : •• Sub-group PPS-O – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Local Parcel Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-P – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Maclen Express Co]] : •• Sub-group PPS-Q – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Merchants Delivery Co]] : •• Sub-group PPS-R – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Delivery Co]] : •• Sub-group PPS-S – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-T – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Post Par]] : •• Sub-group PPS-U – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Spee-Dee Delivery Service]] : •• Sub-group PPS-V – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Metroline]] : •• Sub-group PPS-W – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Amazon Prime]] : •• Sub-group PPS-X – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from FEDEX/Federal Express]] : •• Sub-group PPS-Y – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Global Mail]] : •• Sub-group PPS-Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from P R CHINA POST / USPS Partnership]] : •• Sub-group PPS-2Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DHL]] : •• Sub-group PPS-3Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from uniuni]] : •• Sub-group PPS-4Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Too Express]] : •• Sub-group PPS-5Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from OnTrac]] : •• Sub-group PPS-6Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Jitsu]] <br /> * [[/GROUPS REV and SRV: Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|'''GROUPS REV and SRV– Non-postal franks used to collect tax, also known as fiscal or revenue franks''']] : •• [[/GROUP REV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group REV –Non-postal franks used to collect Federal tax/ : •• [[/GROUP SRV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group SRV –Non-postal franks used to collect State and local tax/ <br> * [[/GROUP SPE – Specimens/|'''GROUP SPE – Specimens''']] <br> * [[/GROUP TST – Test stamps/|'''GROUP TST – Test stamps''']] <br /> <br /> <div class="center"><span style="color:blue; font-size:x-large;">· ♦ ·</span> <span style="color:blue; font-size:x-large;">·</span>[[/sandbox3/|<span style="color:blue; font-size:x-large;">·</span>]] </div> ---- <!--Book Templates --> {{Shelves|Collecting}} {{alphabetical}} {{status|25%}} 042clw9t1htrfx7so56bf486mv5b88q 0 381618 4641011 4604028 2026-06-23T16:10:28Z Dayshade 3020041 4641011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chess Opening Theory/Position |Scandinavian defence |eco=[[Chess/ECOB|B01]] |parent=[[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5|Scandinavian defence]] → [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d5/2. exd5/2...Qxd5|Main line]] → [[../|3. Nc3]] }} == 3...Qa5 == Black moves the queen to a5. This is a good square for the queen: it can't be easily attacked again, it supports Black playing ...e5, and will pin the knight if White advances their d pawn. Later it can move to b6 to target the b2 pawn. The main line continues [[/4. d4|'''4. d4''']]. While this pins White's own knight, it frees the d2 square for the bishop, so that White might move their knight with tempo on the black queen. White makes typical developing moves like Nf3 and Bc4 in one of several move orders that are largely equivalent. Black typically develops with ...Nf6 and either ...Bf5 or ...Bg4 (routing to g6 if challenged with h3 Bh5 g4 Bg6) and includes the move ...c6 to provide an escape route for their queen. [[/4. b4|'''4. b4!?''']] is the '''Leonhardt gambit''', also known as the '''Mieses-Kotrč gambit'''. White gives Black the b-pawn in exchange for some tempo to developed. White gets good compensation for the pawn, with engines evaluating the sacrifice as around even, and there are some sharp lines that offer White good attacking chances. Historically, Lasker, Capablanca, and Keres have attempted this line with decent success.<ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1380159 Lasker vs Fortujin 1-0, Chessgames.com]</ref><ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1265571 Capablanca vs Portela 1/2-1/2, Chessgames.com]</ref><ref>[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1071678 Keres vs Kibbermann 1-0, Chessgames.com]</ref> Preparing 5. b4 with '''4. Rb1?!''' fails to 4...c5. == Theory table == {{ChessTable}} {{Chess/theory table|links=all |line1=4. d4 Nf6 5. Nf3 c6 6. Bc4 Bf5 7. Bd2 e6 8. Nd5 Qd8 9. Nxf6+ gxf6 |name1=Main line |eval1={{Chess/not|++}} |line2=4. b4 Qxb4 5. Rb1 Qd6 6. Nf3 Nf6 7. d4 g6 8. Bc4 Bg7 9. O-O O-O |eval2={{Chess/not|-}} |name2=Leonhardt gambit |line3=4. ... ... 5. Nb5 Qa5 6. Bc4 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qh5+ g6 9. Nd6+ exd6 10. Qxa5 |eval3={{chess/not|+++}} }} {{ChessMid}} == References == {{reflist}} === See also === {{ChessFooter}} 8ni9p6e0fu8yzcyyi0tdvya3snvkjqv 0 384906 4641025 4640872 2026-06-23T19:50:08Z Boris1951zz 3378369 /* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}} */ 4641025 wikitext text/x-wiki ==<font size=5><font color=#1F75FE>'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''</font></font>== [[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |<font size=2>''<u>Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog</u>''</font>]] {{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}} '''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''<i>USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)</i>''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).'' * Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables. * The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''. * PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: "'''1'''" (first class), "'''fcm'''" (first class), "'''P'''" (priority), "'''E'''" (express), "'''M'''" (media), "'''T'''" (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), "'''H'''" (Hazardous), "'''G'''" (Ground Advantage), "'''X'''" (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels. * 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes: ::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of 2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks. :::::: subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]] ::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks :::::: subvariety DM-2H ("'''IBI-Lite'''") has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]] :::::: subvariety DM-2V ("'''IBI-Lite'''") has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]] :::::: subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]] * PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are 4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label. [[File: ST size.png|right|200px]] [[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]] [[File: FF size.png|center|200px]] [[File: CF size.png|center|400px]] <br>{{center/top}}* * * {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}} {{font/end}} <br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and "PDF417" bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right. * "US Postage" and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement. * Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left. * One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999. * Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported. * E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} ---- <br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]] '''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR] : This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each. : The value figures are large, 4mm tall. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : Mail class: "First Class" ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}). : Identification number with 051E prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00^<u>o</u>}} {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}}) '''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]] : This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each. : The value figures are smaller than on "'''PC-A1.10'''" but larger than on "'''PC-A1.2'''" ettc. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : Mail class: "First Class" ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}). : Identification number with 051E prefix and about the same length as in "'''PC-A1.10'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00^<u>o</u>}} {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}}) {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : "e-stamp.com" normally at bottom left below the barcode. : ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : <u>Mail classes</u>: ^{{{font|color=red|♦}}} :: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}) :: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R] :: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R] :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" {{space|2}} [R] :: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of "e-stamp.com" at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR] :: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code {{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|"Express" (or "Express Mail") was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures. : ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2. :: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} ^<u>o</u> :: '''B'''. V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} ^<u>o</u>'' :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" {{space|2}} [R] {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]] '''PC-A1.4.''' : As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom. :: '''A'''. Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]^{{{font|color=red|♦}}} :: '''B'''. "e-stamp.com" at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S] : The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2. : V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00^<u>o</u> '' :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" {{space|2}} [R] {{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger. : "e-stamp.com" at bottom left below the barcode. : With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : ID# with 053E prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00 : <u>Mail classes</u>: ^{{{font|color=red|♦}}} :: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}) :: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S] [[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]] :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R] :: '''b'''. "Mailed From ZIP Code" town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR] {{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|"Express" (or "Express Mail") was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}} ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar. * Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us. * Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug. * <u>Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps</u>: ::{| | '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]] | '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]] | '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER |- | {{space|4}} '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR | '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3 | '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR |- | '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ | '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4 | '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR |- | {{space|4}} '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ | '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5 | '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL |- | '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL | '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6 | '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL |- | '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL | '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7 |- | '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1 | '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8 |} * Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare. * Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999. {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font/end}} ---- <br> '''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]] '''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR] : This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use. : The stamp was used by two different systems, "Postage Plus" which used a live internet connection, and "PC Stamp" which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. : The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with "U.S. POSTAGE" above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small "U.S. POSTAGE" reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date. : PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom : With "DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. : Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 :: '''a'''. With "CORRECTION" at bottom left :: '''b'''. With "FIM" baarcode at top left {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]] '''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR] : Produced by an internet-connected labeling device. : Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different. : The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge. : "U.S. POSTAGE" is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading "NEOPOSTNEOPOST..." vertically. : Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code. : Stamp with "PDF417(9)" bar code. : Meter number with N042N prefix. : Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}}) {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR] : As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure. : Stamp with "PDF417(9)" bar code. : Meter number with N042N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ<u>ø</u> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]] '''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S] : Produced by an internet-connected labeling device. : Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square "Datamatrix (DM-4)" bar code at right. : Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, "U.S. POSTAGE", date and identification number. : Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading "NEOPOSTNEOPOST..." vertically. : Meter number with 045N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]] '''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder. : square "Datamatrix (DM-4)" bar code at right. : Labels have fluorescent bar at right. : Meter number with 047N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}==== {{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}} * The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}<font size=4><font color=black>'''S'''</font></font>{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}<font size=4><font color=black>'''stamps.com'''</font></font>{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}<font size=4><font color=black>'''stamps'''_{'''endicia'''}</font></font>{{space|1}} came into use. * The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left. * <u>Mail classes found with PC-C stamps</u>: :: {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international) <font color=red>♦</font> :: {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL <font color=red>♦</font> :: {{space|4}} EXPRESS MAIL <font color=red>♦</font> :: {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL <font color=red>♦</font> : <font color=red>♦</font> Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different ("'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''") if possible also include a scan. * The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999. * PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are 4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label. [[File: ST size.png|right|200px]] [[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]] [[File: FF size.png|center|200px]] [[File: CF size.png|center|400px]] {{font/end}} <br>{{center/top}}* * * {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}} <br><br> <br> ---- <br><br> [[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]] {{font/top|size=2|color=red}} '''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label "'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''", they will referenced as follows''' ::::: Panel or Box A: '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'') ::::: Panel or Box B: oftentimes subdivided {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}} ::::::: Box B1 "'''F, P.'''" etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}} ::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}} ::::: Panel or Box C: Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}} ::::: Panel or Box D: Address {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}} ::::: Panel or Box E: Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}} ::::: Panel or Box F: often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}} : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {{font/end}} <br><br> ---- <br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]] '''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR] : Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. : At top right are value figures, mail class, "US POSTAGE”, and date. : "PDF417(7)" bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right. : Identification number with 061S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]] '''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999. : As Type PC-C1 but with "stamps.com" logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo. : "FIM" barcode at upper left : At top right are the value figures, date, "US POSTAGE", mail class, and town line. : 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion : "STAMPS.COM" is below left of the bar code. : Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]] :: '''a'''. With "ADDITIONAL POSTAGE" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''b'''. With "CORRECTION" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code :: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code :: '''e'''. With "MAIL TO:" and ZIP code above left of the bar code :: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'') '''NOTES''': * The "stamps.com" logo can vary considerably in size. * The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right''). * For a similar type inscribed "'''Stamps /Endicia '''" see "'''PC-C8'''" {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]] [[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]] '''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. : As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions. : Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D "PDF417(6)" barcode. : Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]] :: '''a'''. With "ADDITIONAL POSTAGE" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''b'''. With "CORRECTION" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code) :: '''d'''. With "MAIL TO:" and ZIP code above left of the bar code :: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line :: '''f'''. With "'''FIM'''" barcode at the upper left. '''NOTES''': * The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also. * These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. * For a similar type inscribed "'''Stamps /Endicia '''" see "'''PC-C8'''" [[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005. : At top left: postage value above "US POSTAGE" and class of mail. : At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above "FROM" and ZIP code. : "Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D "PDF417(7)" barcode. : Basic stamp without framing : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 '''PC-C2.3.2''' : "Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D "PDF417(7)" barcode. : At top left: postage value above "US POSTAGE" and class of mail. : At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above "FROM" and ZIP code. : Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below. : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 '''PC-C2.3.3''' : As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]] : "Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D "PDF417(7)" barcode. : Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. : Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below : At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above "FROM" and ZIP code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 '''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005. : As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. : Stamps.com logo right of "PDF417(7)" barcode. : "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" at top left above rate statement. : Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. :: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code ::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]] ::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5? | BLACK | '''VIII''' | 062S0005418699 | | A7 | B0 | C5 | 11/21/2005 | 02845 | | |- | FS5 | '''1''' | '''I''' | 062S0005715741 | | A6 | B3 | C1 | 09/06/2011 | 66030 | GARDNER, KS | Box F split horizontally in two, "Thank You" in bottom half. |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0008902567 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 05/28/2014 | 19803 | Wilmington, DE | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0008902567 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 06/02/2014 | 19803 | Wilmington, DE | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0008902567 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 07/15/2014 | 19803 | Wilmington, DE | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009143056 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 02/20/2018 | 08080 | Mount Holly, NJ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009151784 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 06/01/2015 | 92154 | San Diego, CA | |} :: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below. [[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]] '''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]] <br><br> '''PC-C2.4.2''' 2005. : As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. : With "'''stamps / endicia'''" replacing the stamps.com logo right of "PDF417(7)" barcode. : "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" at top left above rate statement. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> :: '''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2). ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::::: '''-1''' Prefix "'''026W'''" {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 026W00048272786 | | A1 | B1 | C3 | 04/11/2022 | 07036 | LINDEN, NJ | Box F: order info? |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | |} {{font/end}} <br><br> ::::: '''-2''' Prefix "'''062S'''" {{font/top|size=2}} [[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''1''' | '''XXXIV''' | 062S0000618312 | | A6 | | C5 | 01/02/2020 | 92373 | INGLEWOOD CA | Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed |- | FS5 | '''1''' | '''XXXIV''' | 062S0000618312 | | A6 | | C5 | 01/30/2020 | 92373 | INGLEWOOD CA | Box E: Blank, no tracking #, |- | FS5 | '''E''' | '''XXXV''' | 062S0006097059 | | A19 | B2 | C3 | 11/25/2019 | 45177 | VALENCIA CA | Order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | III | 062S0009416802 | | A1 | B1 | C3 | 05/10/2022 | 14150 | | Order info, framed |} {{font/end}} <br><br> :: '''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} Similar to "'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''" ::: {{space|10}} "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" at top left above rate statement. ::: {{space|10}} New "'''Stamps'''" logo ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using "'''New Helvetica'''" font as opposed to "'''Arial Block'''" in "'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''". ::: {{space|10}} Prefix "'''063S'''" ::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and "'''Arial Block'''" font see "'''PC-C2.4.3'''" <br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} :: '''PC-C2.4.2B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info. :::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]] : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5? | BLACK | '''VIII''' | 062S0001435225 | 11675116 | A7 | B1 | | 02/24/2023 | 91311 | CHATSWORTH, CA | BOX F: order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S00014423-- | 8014-- | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/12/2022 | 84032 | HEBER CITY, UT | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442380 | 9726250 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/15/2022 | 28674 | PINEHURST, NC | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442584 | 7557381 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/21/2022 | 37211 | NASHVILLE, TN | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442597 | 7395525 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/10/2023 | 90058 | VERNON, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442618 | 7395525 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/10/2023 | 92618 | IRVINE, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442648 | 7535523 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/15/2022 | 54115 | DE PERE, WI | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442652 | 7535523 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/16/2022 | 54115 | DE PERE, WI | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442674 | 7460441 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/21/2022 | 63367 | LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442685 | 9619750 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/11/2023 | 94931 | COTATI, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S000144269- | 7395525 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/11/2023 | 90058 | VERNON, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5? | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0001443299 | 6080690 | A5 | B5 | C4 | 11/17/2022 | 32174 | ORMOND BEACH, FL | |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001484855 | 17633955 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 03/08/2023 | 68048 | PLATTSMOUTH, (NE) | PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009145384 | 8290678 | A1 | B3 | C1 | 02/05/2018 | 98338 | GRAHAM, WA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0008589402 | 7557381 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/19/2022 | 37211 | NASHVILLE, TN | |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0009146178 | 8239329 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/21/2022 | 60543 | OSWEGO, IL | Box F order info |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009564660 | 7778491 | A1 | B3 | C3 | 10/22/2018 | 91304 | CANOGA PARK, CA | BOX F with Business Info |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0009564879 | 7733098 | A20 | B6 | C3 | 10/17/2022 | 33619 | TAMPA, FL | |- | FS5? | '''1''' | '''I''' | 062S0009565018 | 10860336 | A4 | B0 | C5 | 04/06/2020 | 33458 | JUPITER, FL | |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0010887747 | 8128979 | A3 | B1 | C4 | 06/13/2022 | 33167 | MIAMI, FL | BOX F with Prop Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''II''' | 062S0010937521 | 10709064 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 02/08/2021 | 92648 | HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''II''' | 062S0010984631 | 10354575 | A8 | B2 | C3 | 04/27/2020 | 11791 | SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY) | BOX F ORDER Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0011128915 | 8051382 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 10/19/2020 | 53715 | MADISON, WI | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0011129014 | 8051382 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 09/30/2020 | 53715 | MADISON, WI | |- | FS5? | '''P''' | '''IV''' | 062S0011682632 | 10232544 | A3 | B1 | C4 | 02/08/2021 | 31558 | SAINT MARYS, GA | |- | FS4? | '''P''' | '''IV''' | 062S0011682632 | 10232544 | A3 | B1 | C4 | 09/29/2022 | 31558 | SAINT MARYS, GA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0011692109 | 9897299 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/19/2022 | 30101 | ACWORTH, GA | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584392 | 5455555 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 10/27/2020 | 33458 | JUPITER, FL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584433 | 16035441 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/19/2022 | 84096 | HERRIMAN, UT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584494 | 6916215 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/21/2022 | 85298 | GILBERT, AZ | |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0012584517 | 17771454 | A5 | B5 | C4 | 08/22/2022 | 32401 | PANAMA CITY, FL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584551 | 7778491 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 06/12/2020 | 91311 | CHATSWORTH, CA | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584560 | 17663543 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/21/2022 | 27525 | FUQUAY VARINA, NC | Please Do Not Bend |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584561 | 8072505 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 06/28/2022 | 06475 | OLD SAYBROOK, CT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0013352599 | 10538570 | A1 | B1 | C4 | 09/21/2022 | 45249 | CINCINNATI, OH | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0013352605 | 8072505 | A1 | B2 | C3 | 06/28/2022 | 06475 | OLD SAYBROOK, CT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950040 | 10137355 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/16/2022 | 38474 | MOUNT PLEASANT, TN | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950074 | 8014787 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/15/2022 | 84032 | HEBER CITY, UT | Box F:Thank You For Your Order |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0014950080 | 8014787 | A5 | B4 | C4 | 12/12/2022 | 84032 | HEBER CITY, UT | BOX F "Thank you for your order!" |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0014950085 | 9765391 | A5 | B5 | C4 | 11/11/2022 | 84606 | SPRINGVILLE, UT | BOX F with order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950089 | 9716903 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/02/2022 | 83442 | AMMON, ID | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950092 | 9728837 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/10/2022 | 84026 | FORT DUCHESNE, UT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950241 | 8570771 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/19/2022 | 84062 | PLEASANT GROVE, UT | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950278 | 17957223 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/03/2023 | 78245 | SAN ANTONIO, TX | |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950365 | 580628? | A6 | B2 | C3 | 09/13/2023 | 75041 | | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950507 | 6080690 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 11/17/2022 | 32174 | ORMOND BEACH, FL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950544 | 10875452 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 03/14/2023 | 19317 | CHADDS FORD, PA | |} {{font/end}} <br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} :: '''PC-C2.4.2C.0'''. ''2023'' ::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is "'''Arial Nova Bold'''" ::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> [[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''VI''' | 062S0001442545 | 7537397 | A3 | B1 | C7 | 01/22/2024 | 48212 | HAMTRAMCK, MI | Box F: Order info. |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001443325 | 11683909 | A2 | B2 | C3 | 06/28/2023 | 46323 | HAMMOND, IN | |- | FS5 | BLACK FILL | '''VIII''' | 062S0014949809 | 7542988 | A7 | B1 | | 03/25/2024 | 80116 | FRANKTOWN, CO | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950062 | 9717116 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 03/16/2024 | 98467 | UNIVERSITY PL, WA | Box F: Order Info |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950187 | 4998344 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 02/27/2024 | 91761 | ONTARIO, CA | Box F: Order Info |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950544 | 19750766 | A9 | B2 | C7 | 08/22/2024 | 93105 | SANTA BARBARA, CA | Green band at top and a portion of left |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950560 | 17195820 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 10/12/2023 | 85013 | PHOENIX, AZ | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | ? | 6636835 | A14 | B6 | C7 | 05/01/2024 | 43228 | COLUMBUS, OH | Box F: Order Info |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} :: '''PC-C2.4.2C.1'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is "'''New Helvetica Bold'''" ::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0001443239 | 6928035 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 01/22/2024 | 91733 | EL MONTE, CA | Box F: Order info. |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br> '''PC-C2.4.3''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. ::: {{space|10}} With new "'''Stamps '''" logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of "PDF417(8)" barcode. ::: {{space|10}} "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" at top left above rate statement. ::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. ::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and "'''New Helvetica'''" font see "'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''" : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> '''PC-C2.4.4''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. ::: {{space|10}} With new "'''Stamps '''" logo at top right. ::: {{space|10}} "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" at top left above rate statement. ::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below "'''Stamps'''" logo. <br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]] <br><br><br> '''PC-C2.5. ''' '''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014. : Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the "PDF417{8)" barcode. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : Manufacturer's logo is "'''stamps.com'''". With "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" instead of value figures. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]] '''PC-C2.5.2 ''' 2014. : Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the "PDF417{8)" barcode. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : Manufacturer's logo is "'''stamps endicia'''". :: '''A'''. With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00 :: '''B'''. With "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" instead of value figures. <br><br><br> <br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]] '''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.'' : Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the "FROM" (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo. : Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : PDF417(7) barcode <br><br><br> {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} <br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.'' : Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but "U.S. POSTAGE" is right of the value figures rather than below them. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : PDF417(7) barcode : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 :: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com''' :: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C2.6.1.''' ''2025.'' : As Type PC-C2.6.0 but "U.S. POSTAGE imi" is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]] : Meter number with 062S prefix. : PDF417(7) barcode : New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 <br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]] '''PC-C2.7.1.''' : With "DPDF417" barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without "stamps.com" logo. : Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo. : Value figures and "US POSTAGE" at left. : Tracking number above the barcode. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 :: '''a'''. With "Commercial Base Pricing" immediately below the 2D barcode <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]] [[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C2.7.2.''' : Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ "US POSTAGE / PAID" at left. : Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with "062S" prefix. : ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.'' : Two versions are known: :: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement. :: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C2.8''' 2020. : With barcode as with all previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and "US POSTAGE" at top above the date and "Mailed from ZIP" and ZIP code. : Below the bar code is the '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number at right. : The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.) : PDF417(4) barcode : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 :: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia''' large [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|right|500px]] :: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia''' small [[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C2.9''' 2021. : Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures. : Above the "PDF417(7)" bar code: :- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID :- date, Mailed from ZIP [code] :- weight and rate statement(s) : Below the bar code: '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right :: '''A'''. Large "'''stamps / endicia'''" logo, 062S with 7 digits :: '''B'''. Small "'''stamps / endicia'''" logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label [[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|450px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]] '''PC-C3.1.''' 2007. : Stamp with horizontal "IBI Lite" barcode. : Small frank with value figures at top above "U.S. POSTAGE", class of mail, "FROM" ZIP code, and date. : Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]] '''PC-C3.2.1''' : As Type PC-C3.1 but the "IBI Lite" barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. : '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix. : Town line "FROM" and ZIP code : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> :: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment) :: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing "FROM" alone [[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C3.2.2'''. '''stamps_endicia''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix. :: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment) :: '''c'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]] :: '''d'''. With "FIM" barcode to left <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C3.2.3''' ''2025'' : As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the "IBI Lite" barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. : "'''US POSTAGE IMI'''" : tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix. : Town line "FROM" and ZIP code : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]] '''PC-C3.3.''' 2018. : Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right. : From the top down, point-of-sale data is: :: Value figures :: '''US POSTAGE''' :: mail class :: ZIP code and date :: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> '''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners. <br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]] '''PC-C3.4.''' 2021. : As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps /endicia''' at right. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> '''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners. <br><br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]] '''PC-C3.5.''' 2022. : Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification. : Identification number with 062S prefix. ::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]<font size=2><font color=191970>: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u>[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]</font></font> ::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]<font size=2><font color=191970>: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000<u>o</u>[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]</font></font> [[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]] <br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]] '''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002. : Very wide design with large "Delivery Confirmation" 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right. : Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date. : At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE & FEES PAID”. : Without value figures. The "stamps.com" logo is below the 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' ("stamps.com" logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]] <br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With "stamps.com" logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 ("stamps.com" logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]] :: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}} '''PC-C4.3.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company logo, '''stamps indicia'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|940px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]] '''PC-C5.1.''' 2011. : The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. : The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : The country name is not in or near the frank, but "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" is found at bottom below the mail class. : With value figures : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C5.3.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with new company logo, '''stamps / endicia'''[[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]] <br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C6.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]] : ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode. : Meter Identification number with 062S prefix. : Value figures and "US POSTAGE", mail class, date, "Mailed from ZIP" and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} '''PC-C6.2.'''. As'''PC-C6.1.''', Without value figures. "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" at top : ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode. : Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix. :::: '''A'''. Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]] ::::: '''-1'''. Prefix "'''061S'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''XXIX''' | 062S0001442198 | 11613058 | A14 | B2 | C7 | Jul 05 2024 | 54914 | APPLETON, WI | |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''XXIX''' | 062S0001442222 | 11613058 | A14 | B2 | C7 | Jun 07 2024 | 54914 | APPLETON, WI | |- | FS4 | BLACK | '''VIII''' | 062S0009761530 | 13928181 | A7 | B1 | | Feb 02 2023 | 48375 | NOVI, MI | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''X''' | 062S0010968105 | 12429570 | A10 | | C6 | Sep 20 2022 | 32207 | JACKSONVILLE, FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0012584411 | 17222940 | A10 | | C6 | Aug 22 2022 | 33634 | TAMPA FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0013352605 | 17222940 | A10 | | C6 | Aug 22 2022 | 33634 | TAMPA FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0014950307 | 17222940 | A1 | B2 | C6 | Nov 10 2022 | 33634 | TAMPA FL | |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''XXIX''' | 062S0014949919 | 11613058 | A14 | B2 | C7 | Sep 04 2024 | 54914 | APPLETON, WI | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0014950343 | 11746372 | A1 | B2 | C6 | Mar 06 2023 | 11716 | BOHEMIA NY | |} <br><br><br><br> ::::: '''-2'''. Prefix "'''071S'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 071S00894672 | | A10 | | C6 | Apr 15 2022 | 90021 | (RIALTO CA) | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 071S00894672 | | A10 | | C6 | Feb 09 2023 | 90021 | (NEWARK NJ) | |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> :::: '''B'''. Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]] <br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]] [[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 : Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. : Square Datamatrix barcode at right with "stamps.com" reading up to its right. : Text left justified as follows: : Value figures at top above "US POSTAGE", mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code : Meter Identification number with 062S prefix. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement <br><br><br><br> '''PC-C7 ''' 2023. [[File: PC-C7.png|right|400px]] : DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right : Manufacturer's logo is to the right of the "DataMatrix(4)" barcode. : "FIM" barcode at top left : Meter number with 062S prefix. : Manufacturer's logo is "'''stamps endicia'''". <br><br><br><br> '''PC-C8.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]] : Similar to types "'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''" : Corporate logo as "'''Stamps / Endicia '''" : Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code. : Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D "PDF417(3)" barcode. : With "'''FIM'''" barcode at upper left : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 '''NOTES''': * These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. <br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include "Pitney Bowes" in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with "02" prefix. * Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P. * Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}} ---- <br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]] '''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare''] : Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures, and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code. : Identification number with 022P000230 prefix. :: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The "P" in the ID number has no serif. Three reported: ::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 ::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032 ::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057 :: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The "P" in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260 : V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00^o : '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified. <br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]] '''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare''] : Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below "FIM" barcode. : Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode. : "US POSTAGE", date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : Class of mail vertical at left side. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o : '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red. <br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]] '''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. : Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above "PITNEY BOWES". : Identification number with 024P prefix. :: '''A'''. Inscribed "U.S. POSTAGE" with stops. "MAILED FROM ZIP CODE" one line, all capitals. :: '''B'''. Inscribed "US POSTAGE" without stops. "Mailed from ZIP Code" in two lines, mixed case. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o '''NOTES''': : 1) When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red. : 2) The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below). : 3) Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.) [[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]] '''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. : This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1. : The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above "U.S. POSTAGE" rather than below. : Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : Without town line or ZIP code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]] {{font/top|size=2|color=red}} '''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows''' ::::: Panel or Box A: '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'') ::::: Panel or Box B: oftentimes subdivided ::::::: Box B1 "'''F, P.'''" etc, ::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number ::::: Panel or Box C: Mail Class ::::: Panel or Box D: Address ::::: Panel or Box E: Tracking number/Bar code ::::: Panel or Box F: often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font/end}} : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]] [[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]] '''PC-D3.1A. "Shipstream Manager"'''. : As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with "PDF417" barcode. : "US POSTAGE" or "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID", date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode. : Below the barcode are "Pitney Bowes" and the ID number with 071P prefix. : Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and "US POSTAGE". ::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 <br><br> '''PC-D3.1B. "Shipstream Manager"'''. : Box B2 "US POSTAGE" or "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID", date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above "PDF417" barcode. : The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID". With rate statement instead of value figures. : No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. : Identification number 071P prefix :: '''A'''. "'''FCM'''" in Box B1 ::: '''a'''. Box B2 "'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''"/DATE "Mailed from ZIP" / / "PDF417" barcode / "Pitney Bowes" Identification number :::: '''1'''. Box C: "'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''" ::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line "1oz First-Class Parcel rate" <br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]] [[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]] '''PC-D3.2.''' : Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. : In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right. : Inside the stamp frame: "US POSTAGE PAID" and rate statement centered above the "PDF417" barcode. : Below the barcode are "Pitney Bowes" and the identification number with 024P prefix. : Large rate indicator in frame at left. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil : {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}} :: '''A'''. With value figures :: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement <br><br> '''PC-D3.3'''. : Similar to Type PC-D3.2, : A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections ("'''boxes'''") : Below "'''Box A'''" if present, or at the top there are two boxes ("'''Box B1'''" at the left and "'''Box B2'''" at the right) : Within "'''Box B2'''" is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. : Also within "'''Box B2'''" are 3 '''stacks''', : '''Stack B2.1''' "US POSTAGE" (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left. : '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are "Pitney Bowes" and a rate statement or statements at the center. : '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right. : The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix. : In a smaller box at left ("'''Box B1'''") is a large letter code representing the mail class. : In a wide box ("'''Box C'''") below "'''Box B1'''" and "'''Box B2'''" is the class of mail. : If present the value figures appear above "US POSTAGE". : '''Labels may be framed or unframed''' : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures : A large label with 6 boxes "'''FS5'''"("'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''") <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A1'''. :: '''Box B2::'''. '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A2'''. '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]] :: '''A'''. '''026W''' <font size=1>over 10-digit number starting with</font> 0004 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897241 | CommPrice | 06/20/2023 | 32961 | VERO BEACH, FL | |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897622 | CommPrice | 10/18/2023 | 29568 | | |} <br><br> :: '''B'''. '''028W''' <font size=1>over 10-digit number starting with</font> 0002 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | | | | | | | | |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310688 | CommPrice | 05/11/2024 | 34293 | VENICE FL | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A3'''. '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as "'''PC-D3.3A3'''", Box A with "'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''" and emblem on left. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement '''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]] ::''' Box B2::'''. '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date '''PC-D3.3B.1A'''. Prefix "'''21B'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 021B0050723999 | CommPrice | 07/20/2022 | 07112 | Newark NJ | Box F: order data |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 021B0060312094 | CommPrice | 11/28/2022 | 07036 | Linden NJ | Box F: order data |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 021B0060494251 | CommPrice | 11/28/2022 | 90670 | Santa fe springs CA | Box F: order data |} '''PC-D3.3B.1B'''. Prefix "'''26W'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | | '''P''' | '''VII''' | 026W0004897242 | ComPlsPrice | 11/25/2020 | 07419 | | |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''VIII''' | 026W0004897590 | | 01/02/2021 | 97239 | Portland OR | |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 026W0004897774 | CommPlsPrice | 07/31/2020 | 60490 | Bolingbrook IL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897814 | CommPrice | 01/08/2021 | 91304 | Los Angeles CA | |- | | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897894 | | | 54843 | | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]] :: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE''' above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''VII''' | 026W0004897326 | 3000093152 | ComPlsPrice | 12/04/2020 | 91706 | IRWINDALE CA | ID numbers in larger font |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897491 | 3000008007 | CommPrice | 05/23/2019 | 48114 | BRIGHTON MI | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]] :: '''Box B2::'''. '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines above the date {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897894 | CommPrice | 12/29/2021 | 54843 | Hayward WI | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]] :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''H''' | '''VI''' | 026W0002310502 | CommPrice | 08/04/2025 | 33068 | North Lauderdale FL | "'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''" |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897241 | CommPrice | 01/26/2023 | 13147 | SCIPIO CENTER NY | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897242 | CommPrice | 08/16/2022 | 93943 | MONTEREY CA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897400 | CommPrice | 05/24/2023 | 16063 | ZELIENOPLE PA | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897451 | CommPrice | 11/24/2023 | 95240 | LODI CA | |- | PS4 | '''P''' | '''XIII''' | 026W0004897525 | CommPrice | 10/23/2023 | 98239 | COUPEVILLE WA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | PS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897591 | CommPrice | 03/07/2022 | 92404 | SAN BERNARDINO CA | |- | PS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897642 | CommPrice | 02/02/2022 | 92404 | SAN BERNARDINO CA | |- | PS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897642 | CommPrice | 12/06/2023 | 81413 | CEDAREDGE CO | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | PS4 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897778 | CommPrice | 02/27/2023 | 76013 | PANTEGO TX | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 026W0004897790 | CommPrice | 11/01/2022 | 08110 | PENNSAUKEN NJ | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897812 | CommPrice | 11/25/2023 | 11432 | JAMAICA NY | |- | | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897816 | CommPrice | 08/22/2022 | 33770 | LARGO FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897817 | CommPrice | 06/20/2023 | 77030 | HOUSTON TX | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897878 | CommPrice | 08/25/2022 | 66505 | MANHATTAN KS | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897894 | CommPrice | 01/23/2023 | 08110 | PENNSAUKEN NJ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897895 | CommPrice | 02/04/2022 | 45806 | CRIDERSVILLE OH | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897895 | CommPrice | 11/21/2023 | 95628 | FAIR OAKS CA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897939 | CommPrice | 03/28/2022 | 55304 | ANDOVER MN | |- | | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897942 | CommPrice | 04/29/2022 | 06514 | HAMDEN CT | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004898023 | CommPrice | 09/23/2022 | 75150 | MESQUITE TX | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.3B''' :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]] :: Meter numbers: 028W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310364 | CommPrice | 03/18/2024 | 96003 | REDDING CA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311094 | CommPrice | 02/05/2024 | 34222 | ELLENTON FL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311094 | CommPrice | 08/22/2024 | 11735 | FARMINGDALE NY | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311374 | CommPrice | 02/22/2024 | 33436 | BOYNTON BEACH FL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311472 | CommPrice | 03/04/2025 | 92376 | RIALTO CA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]] :: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 026W0004897241 | 3001124484 | ComPlsPrice | 06/17/2022 | 93380 | VISALIA CA | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' :: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 028W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''VIII''' | 028W0002310218 | 3000559694 | | 02/03/2023 | 98144 | SEATTLE WA | Box F: order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 028W0002310350 | 3001704288 | CommPrice | 02/03/2023 | 80907 | COLORADO SPRINGS CO | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]] :: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E :: Meter numbers: 028W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310174 | 3002184618 | CommPrice | 07/08/2024 | 60647 | CHICAGO IL | |- |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]] :: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / & FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897798 | CommPrice | 01/24/2023 | 30907 | MARTINEZ GA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]] :: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / & FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 028W :: Customer Identification Number below meter number <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6''' :: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes ("'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''") :: A box ("'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and "UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE" at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. :: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6A''' :: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3, US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with "''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''" : identification number starts with "'''026W'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897242 | CommPrice | 01/08/2022 | 19565 | WERNERSVILLE PA | |- | FS6 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897486 | CommPrice | 08/19/2023 | 76002 | ARLINGTON TX | |- | FS6 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897525 | CommPrice | 10/24/2023 | 35952 | SNEAD AL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897623 | CommPrice | 05/08/2023 | 50010 | AMES IA | |- | FS6 | '''P''' | | 026W0004897894 | CommPrice | | 30513 | | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | | 026W0004897941 | CommPrice | | 60108 | | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B''' : '''Box A''' with "''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''" : identification number starts with "'''028W'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310428 | | 06/18/2024 | 60512 | MONTGOMERY IL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''VIII''' | 028W0002310575 | | 05/31/2024 | 34677 | OLDSMAR FL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311092 | CommPrice | 06/13/2024 | 11103 | ASTORIA NY | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6B''' :: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3, US POSTAGE / & FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with "''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897813 | CommPrice | 06/30/2022 | 07111 | IRVINGTON NJ | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6C''' :: '''Box B2''' "'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''" in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''” {{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type "'''OO-M1'''"}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897572 | CommPrice | 06/29/2021 | 76155 | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6D''' :: '''Box B2''' "'''US POSTAGE'''" in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''” {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6? | '''X''' | '''X''' | 026W0004897485 | CommPrice | 11/25/2020 | 55422 | |} <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]] '''PC-D3.4''' : Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode. : Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are "usps.com", the value figures, "US POSTAGE", a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date. : Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}} [[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]] '''PC-D3.5''' : "'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''" in two lines : Unboxed rate class designation letter : "'''PDF417(7)'''" 2-D barcode on right : Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number : Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits : On customs declaration form (CD) <br><br><br> '''PC-D4.1.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> : Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left. : Meter number seen with "024P" prefix. : With value figures below "PAID". : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 <br><br> '''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]] : Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but "US POSTAGE" and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below. : The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows: :: ID# with "026W" prefix :: Pitney Bowes (with "CommPrice" [or value figures?] below) :: date :: "From" ZIP code :: weight :: (destination) zone <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D4.3.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]] :: As with PC-D4.2 but with "'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" :: ID# with "026W" prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]] :: As with PC-D4.4 but with "'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" at right above Identification number. :: Two black bars complete from left to right :: ID# with "028W" prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br> '''PC-D5.1.''' : At right is the square "Datamatrix" barcode. : Centered in the middle: "US POSTAGE PAID"/ "Pitney Bowes"/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix : At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight : Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures. <br><br><br> '''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]] : At left solid block rate code indicator : Centered in the middle: "US POSTAGE PAID"/ "Pitney Bowes"/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base <br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]] : At left outline rate code indicator : Centered in the middle: "US POSTAGE PAID"/ "Pitney Bowes"/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle ::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration for '''PC-D5.1A.''' <br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]] : Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but "Pitney Bowes" is vertical reading up at left. : The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between "US POSTAGE PAID" (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : "'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''" : The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types: ::::{{space|5}} Type I {{space|5}} "To/From" horizontal ::::{{space|5}} Type II {{space|4}} "To/From" vertical : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil :{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: "'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''"}} :: '''A'''. With "ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE" below US POSTAGE PAID :: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]] :: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]] [[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]] : Very wide design with square "Datamatrix" barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center. : Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and "Pitney Bowes". : Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix. : At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail. :: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures. :: '''B'''. With value figures above the date [[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]] <br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]] '''PC-D5.4. "SmartPostage"''', 2011. : As Type PC-D4.5 but with "www.pbSmartPostage.com" instead of the eBay logo. : Identification number with 024P prefix. :: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 :: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement :: '''a'''. With "Commercial Base Pricing" immediately below the "Pitney Bowes" <br><br> '''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]] : Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged. : The identification number, date, "From" Zip code, and weight are below the square "Datamatrix" barcode. : The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center. : At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is "Pitney Bowes". : "US POSTAGE PAID" and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> :: '''A'''. With value figures above "Pitney Bowes": {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 :: '''B'''. Without value figures <br><br> '''PC-D5.6. "SmartPostage"''', 2006. : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce] <br><br> '''PC-D5.7. "SmartPostage"''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]] : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : Without value figures but with rate statement <br><br> '''PC-D5.8. "SmartPostage"''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]] : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. : Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller. : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 <br><br> '''PC-D5.9. "SmartPostage"''' : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. : Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller. : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : With value figures or without but with rate statement <br><br> '''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]] : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629585 | ComBasPrice | 12/28/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629647 | ComBasPrice | 02/10/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629652 | ComBasPrice | 06/21/2014 | 10509 | BREWSTER NY | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XV''' | 024P0007629756 | | 03/17/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629758 | ComBasPrice | 12/11/2012 | 32812 | ORLANDO FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629777 | ComBasPrice | 03/15/2017 | 17362 | SPRING GROVE PA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007632129 | ComBasPrice | 06/01/2019 | 85203 | MESA AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XV''' | 024P0007776044 | | 02/25/2016 | 32701 | ALTAMONTE SPG FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776131 | ComBasPrice | 02/10/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776147 | ComBasPrice | 10/17/2016 | 76251 | MONTAGUE TX | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776172 | ComBasPrice | 11/27/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776173 | ComBasPrice | 08/18/2015 | 20904 | SILVER SPRING MD | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776210 | ComBasPrice | 10/27/2015 | 33187 | MIAMI FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776653 | ComBasPrice | 09/12/2016 | 12992 | WEST CHAZY NY | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776711 | ComBasPrice | 10/12/2016 | 60543 | OSWEGO IL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007875935 | ComBasPrice | 01/20/2015 | 85211 | MESA AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007875935 | ComBasPrice | 10/06/2015 | 33161 | FLORIDA CITY FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876028 | ComBasPrice | 01/12/2019 | 22301 | ALEXANDRIA VA | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876132 | ComBasPrice | 11/10/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876761 | ComBasPrice | 10/13/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876771 | ComBasPrice | 03/12/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |} <br><br> '''PC-D5.9B.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]] : Italic "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right <br><br> '''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]] : As with "'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2 <br><br> '''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]] : As with "'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : Font in Boxes B2 and C "'''USPSIMB'''" (either Compact or Standard?) : F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2 <br><br> '''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]] : In "Box A" at upper right "'''www.paypal.com'''" : "Box B2" 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone <br><br> '''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]] : In "Box A" at upper right "'''www.paypal.com'''" : "Box B2" 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code <br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]] '''PC-D6.0''', 2021. : Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. : Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks : Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement. : a ten-digit number, "3000156428" evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date. : V/F: $0.00o : This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for "eBay Delivery Service" shipping. :: '''A'''. Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix, :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types: "FIRST-CLASS"</font></font> '''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7. <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024. : Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with "FIM" barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix, : Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square, : Identification number with 026W prefix, :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types: "FIRST-CLASS"</font></font> <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024. : Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with "FIM" barcode to left, : Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm with 4 data blocks, : Identification number with 028W prefix, :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types: "FIRST-CLASS"</font></font> <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include "endicia.com" in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number. * When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as "'''DAZzle 2000'''". * On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}} ---- <br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}} '''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]] : “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of "PDF417(7)" barcode. : “US POSTAGE” at top right. : Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. : ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000 ::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing ::: '''a'''. Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]] ::: '''b'''. With "CORRECTION" instead of '"endicia.com" at bottom left ::: '''c'''. With "FIM" barcode at top left. ::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]] ::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with "'''endicia.com/mac'''" at bottom left of "PDF417(7)" barcode. ::: '''a'''. With "FIM" barcode at top left. {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]] '''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. : As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. : At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information : At top right: "US POSTAGE"/ "Mailed from ZIP..." : “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left : Identification number with 071V prefix : Never with "FIM" barcode. : V/F: $0'''.'''00 :: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing ::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables. ::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]] :: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]] ::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]] :: '''PC-E1.2C'''. "'''endicia.com/mac'''" at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users '''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. : Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures. : “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. : “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left ::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]] ::: Identification number with 071V prefix ::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]] ::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]] ::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]] ::: Identification number with 071V prefix : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Line A Equivalent ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | '''FS5''' | '''FCM''' | '''XVI''' | 071V00515554 | A13 | | OCT 27 2011 | 55337 | BURNSVILLE MN | NO TRACKING BARCODE |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A11 | Commercial Base Price | JAN 5 2015 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | APR 12 2016 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | JAN 3 2017 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | FEB 17 2017 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA||- | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | MAR 1 2017 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA||- | |- | '''FS5''' | '''FCM''' | '''XVI''' | 071V00548099 | A13 | | APR 17 2007 | 83333 | | |- | '''FS5''' | solid black | '''VIII''' | 071V00682520 | A7 | | FEB 6 2009 | 80922 | COLORADO SPRINGS CO | |- | '''FS3''' | '''P''' | '''V''' | 071V01059238 | A11 | Commercial Plus Price | SEP 8 2020 | 30071 | NORCROSS GA | |} {{font/end}} ::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?''' :::: (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]] ::: '''f'''. Without the "Box C" containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]] ::: '''g'''. "Box E" with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]] ::: '''h'''. "Box E" with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]] ::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with "'''endicia.com/mac'''" at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]] ::: Identification number with 071M prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with "'''endicia'''" at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]] ::: Identification number with 062S prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. : Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and "'''endicia'''" at upper right. : The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right. : The date is below the mail class designation at left. : Identification number with "071V" prefix. : Seem on large label that includes customs information. {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]] '''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002. : Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. : In wide box at right is the 2D "PDF417" barcode. : To the left of the 2D barcode are "US POSTAGE" vertical, "WWW.USPS.COM", value figures, and date. : A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below. : Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. : Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00 {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}} [[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]] '''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. : Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with "PDF417" barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo at right. : This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1. : Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 :: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see "'''PC-G3'''" <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> : Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has "071V" prefix. '''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010. : Square "DataMatrix" barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right. : Text from top, at left of barcode: "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID", mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), "CommBasePrice" or "CommPlusPrice" (''may be omitted'') : Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for "b" below'') : ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode. :: '''A1'''. Company identity "endicia.com" (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred "I" font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]] ::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :: '''A2.1'''. Company identity "endicia.com" (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred "I" font ::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: "US POSTAGE AND FEES P"[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]] : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label type ! Box B1 TYPE ! Box C type ! Meter number ! Line A equivalent ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip code ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''P''' | XXXIII | 071S00799149 | A17 | Commercial Plus Pricing | Nov 27 2017 | 37801 | MARYVILLE TN | |- | FS4 | Black | VIII | 071S00773763 | A7 | | Dec 19 2017 | 30605 | ATHENS GA | |- | FS4 | Black | VIII | 071S00773763 | A7 | | Dec 22 2017 | 30605 | ATHENS GA | |- | | '''F''' | IX | 071S00913234 | A18 | CommercialBasePrice | Aug 04 2014 | 33351 | SUNRISE FL | subtype "b" |- | FS4 | '''F''' | IX | 071S00917592 | A18 | CommercialBasePrice | Feb 11 2014 | 11220 | BROOKLYN NY | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | IX | 071S00917592 | A18 | CommercialBasePrice | Oct 11 2014 | 11220 | BROOKLYN NY | |} :: '''A2.2'''. Company identity "endicia.com" (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred "I" font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]] ::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]] : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label type ! Box B1 TYPE ! Box C type ! Meter number ! Line A equivalent ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip code ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | black box | VIII | 071V00908463 | A16 | | Dec 21 2017 | 75104 | CEDAR HILL TX | 2 copies, framed |- | FS4 | '''P''' | XXXIII | 071V00970570 | A17 | CommercialBasePrice | Jun 05 2018 | 28052 | | shorter Enddicia on right |- | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |} :: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and "endicia" (''first seen in late 2018'') ::: Unframed ::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode. :::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and "endicia" [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]] ::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode. : ''subtypes unknown '' ::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted ::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]] '''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014. : Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square "DataMatrix" barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and "US POSTAGE" is alone at top center. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 [[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]] '''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015. : Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but "U.S. POSTAGE" is lower, below the date and ZIP code. : The value figures are at far left. : One seen, with "FIM" bar code at upper left. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : '''endicia.com''' reads down. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]] '''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''. : As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : '''endicia.com''' reads up. Note: Items formersly listed as "'''PC-E3.3C'''" and "'''PC-E3.3D'''" are now listed as "'''PC-E3.8.1'''" AND "'''PC-E3.8.2'''" RESPECTIVELY. [[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]] '''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016. : Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed "U.S. POSTAGE PAID" without "AND FEES". Also the inscription is centered rather than high. : Below "US POSTAGE PAID" is "From ZIP ##### and a rate statement. : Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left. : ID# with 071S prefix seen. <br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]] '''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018. : Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and "endicia" horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right. : Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a "CID" (<i>'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification</i>) number, and the Endicia logo. : No value figures are shown : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : The example reported was used on international mail. <br><br><br> '''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]] : Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with "endicia" vertical at right but without round logo. : Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2''' : No line separating Box B1 and Box B2. : Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class : Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a "CID" (<i>'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification</i>) number, Mail class 3. : No value figures are shown : ID# with 063S prefix below bar code. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]] : Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with "endicia" vertical at right but without round logo. : Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6''' : Text at left of barcode: At top: "US POSTAGE" above the weight and mail class, : Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a "CID" (<i>'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification</i>) 8 digit number, . : F/V: "'''$0.00'''" : ID# with 063S prefix below bar code. :: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed "'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL ^TM'''", barcode below [[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]] '''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''. : As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo. : ID# with 071S prefix seen. : Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down. '''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]] '''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''. : As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]] : As Type PC-E3.3A but with "'''IMI'''" on the rate class line : ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen. : '''endicia''' reads down. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]] : Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, "G" a New Helvetica Block font : Box B2 with "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class. : 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base. : PDF 417(8) barcode with "endicia" (new logo) at right but without old round logo. :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types [BOX C]: "USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE" ['''XXIX'''] </font></font> : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]] : Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, "G" a New Helvetica Block font : Box B2 with "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class. : 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base. : PDF 417(8) barcode with "endicia" (new logo) at right but without old round logo. :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types [BOX C]: "USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM" ['''VI'''], "USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®" [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII'''] </font></font> : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with "easypost" in the frank}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers. * The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016. {{font/end}} ---- <br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-F1.1. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012. : The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels. : The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp. : Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, "CID" (''number'') or "C" (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures). : Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with "0901" prefix. :: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C) :: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator <br> [[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]] '''PC-F1.2. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 : As type "'''PC-F1.1'''" With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing. <br><br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]] '''PC-F2.1. "easypost" ''' (digital/thermal). : Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed "US POSTAGE PAID" rather than "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" : The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1. : Also, without "CID" and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''. : And finally, the zeros are slashed. <br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]] '''PC-F2.2. "easypost" ''' (digital/thermal). : Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed "US POSTAGE PAID IMI" rather than "US POSTAGE PAID" : The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]] '''PC-F3.1. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2021. : As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address "{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}" was added below the logo. : This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by "Retail" on the stamp we have seen. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00 : '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo. <br><br><br><br> [[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F3.2. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2022. ::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1 ::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C) ::: No value figures ::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} "'''F'''" ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} "USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE" ::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID ::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}"'''P'''" ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} "USPS PRIORITY MAIL" ::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC <br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F4.1. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2022. ::: Easypost Logo different ::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C) ::: No value figures ::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}"'''P'''" ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} "USPS PRIORITY MAIL" ::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID <br><br> [[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F4.2. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2022. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.1'''" :: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left [[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-F4.4. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2023. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.1'''" without the web address. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! Customer ID ! Note |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 0901000008901 | Commercial | 2023-12-01 | 60607 | C4650528 | 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3 |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 0901000010389 | Commercial | 2023-12-28 | 63376 | C5299422 | 5.0 OZ ZONE 4 |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''XXXI''' | 0901000014322 | Commercial | 2024-06-27 | 63376 | C5299422 | 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4 |} <br><br> '''PC-F4.5. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2025. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.4'''" without the web address. :: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left [[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-F4.6. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2026. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.4'''" without the web address. ::: "'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" [[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F5. "Chit Chats" ''' (digital/thermal), 2023. ::: Similar to "'''PC-F4.2'''" ::: Easypost Logo replaced by "'''Chit Chats'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00 <br><br> [[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F6. "Sendle" ''' (digital/thermal), 2023. ::: Similar to "'''PC-F4.1'''" ::: Easypost Logo replaced by "'''Sendle>'''" <br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here.. * The stamp was first reported in 2021. {{font/end}} ---- <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} [[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]] '''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier. : The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and "Click-N-Ship"® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, "usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines. : V/F: $(00)0.00 [[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]] {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier. : Similar to "'''PC-G1'''" but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box "'''B2'''". : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" : V/F: $(00)0.00 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mail Rate Class ! Type ! Date ! Mailed from Zip Code ! "'''Box C'''" Mail Class |- | P | Flat Rate Env | 05/08/2023 | 63005 | XXX |- | G | Insured | 06/20/2024 | 02453 | VI |- | | | | |} : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier. : Similar to "'''PC-G2.1'''" but with security print under "US POSTAGE PAID" more heavily segmented : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" : V/F: $(00)0.00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier. : Security print in "Box B2" similar to "'''PC-G2.1'''" but : "Box D" more similar to "'''PC-G2.2'''" : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" : V/F: $(00)0.00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 : Security print in "Box B2" similar to "'''PC-G2.1'''" but : Box A with USPS logo to left, "USPS APIs" to right : "Box D" only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]] '''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. : Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with "PDF417" barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo at right. : This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1. : Without identification number : See also "'''PC-E2.2'''" for similar item with identification number starting with "071V" : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with "FP" logo in the frank}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}} ---- <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} [[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-H1. "Francotyp-Postalia" ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier. : The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode. : Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix. : '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp. : The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. : V/F: $ (00)0.000 {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with "E-postage" or variant in the frank}}==== ---- <br> {{font/top|size=3}} * Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. * E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business. * The stamps appear to be more like "post paid" permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature. [[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]] [[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]] [[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]] * The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class. : The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee. : The stamps show no value figures or identification number. : The labels do include a tracking bar code and number. : So far they have been found in two general formats: :: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall :: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall * Known variations: :: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box :: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left :: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box :: '''-''' "ComBasPrice" appearing left of the frank box '''NOTES''': * Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered. * When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort. * What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification. {{font/end}} ----{{BookCat}} gcx8w98wgnvprcfcp12pkmbl4u09sch 4641030 4641025 2026-06-23T20:54:54Z Boris1951zz 3378369 /* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}} */ 4641030 wikitext text/x-wiki ==<font size=5><font color=#1F75FE>'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''</font></font>== [[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |<font size=2>''<u>Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog</u>''</font>]] {{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}} '''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''<i>USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)</i>''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).'' * Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables. * The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''. * PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: "'''1'''" (first class), "'''fcm'''" (first class), "'''P'''" (priority), "'''E'''" (express), "'''M'''" (media), "'''T'''" (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), "'''H'''" (Hazardous), "'''G'''" (Ground Advantage), "'''X'''" (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels. * 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes: ::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of 2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks. :::::: subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]] :::::: subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]] ::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks :::::: subvariety DM-2H ("'''IBI-Lite'''") has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]] :::::: subvariety DM-2V ("'''IBI-Lite'''") has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]] :::::: subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]] * PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are 4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label. [[File: ST size.png|right|200px]] [[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]] [[File: FF size.png|center|200px]] [[File: CF size.png|center|400px]] <br>{{center/top}}* * * {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}} {{font/end}} <br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and "PDF417" bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right. * "US Postage" and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement. * Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left. * One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999. * Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported. * E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} ---- <br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]] '''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR] : This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each. : The value figures are large, 4mm tall. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : Mail class: "First Class" ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}). : Identification number with 051E prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00^<u>o</u>}} {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}}) '''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]] : This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each. : The value figures are smaller than on "'''PC-A1.10'''" but larger than on "'''PC-A1.2'''" ettc. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : Mail class: "First Class" ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}). : Identification number with 051E prefix and about the same length as in "'''PC-A1.10'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00^<u>o</u>}} {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}}) {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : "e-stamp.com" normally at bottom left below the barcode. : ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : <u>Mail classes</u>: ^{{{font|color=red|♦}}} :: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}) :: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R] :: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R] :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" {{space|2}} [R] :: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of "e-stamp.com" at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR] :: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code {{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|"Express" (or "Express Mail") was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures. : ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2. :: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} ^<u>o</u> :: '''B'''. V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} ^<u>o</u>'' :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" {{space|2}} [R] {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]] '''PC-A1.4.''' : As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together. : With "FIM" barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom. :: '''A'''. Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]^{{{font|color=red|♦}}} :: '''B'''. "e-stamp.com" at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S] : The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2. : V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00^<u>o</u> '' :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" {{space|2}} [R] {{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger. : "e-stamp.com" at bottom left below the barcode. : With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom. : ID# with 053E prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00 : <u>Mail classes</u>: ^{{{font|color=red|♦}}} :: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}) :: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S] [[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]] :: '''a'''. With "Additional" instead of mail class above "US Postage" ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R] :: '''b'''. "Mailed From ZIP Code" town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR] {{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|"Express" (or "Express Mail") was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}} ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar. * Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us. * Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug. * <u>Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps</u>: ::{| | '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]] | '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]] | '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER |- | {{space|4}} '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR | '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3 | '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR |- | '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ | '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4 | '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR |- | {{space|4}} '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ | '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5 | '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL |- | '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL | '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6 | '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL |- | '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL | '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7 |- | '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1 | '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8 |} * Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare. * Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999. {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font/end}} ---- <br> '''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]] '''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR] : This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use. : The stamp was used by two different systems, "Postage Plus" which used a live internet connection, and "PC Stamp" which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. : The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with "U.S. POSTAGE" above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small "U.S. POSTAGE" reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date. : PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom : With "DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. : Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 :: '''a'''. With "CORRECTION" at bottom left :: '''b'''. With "FIM" baarcode at top left {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]] '''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR] : Produced by an internet-connected labeling device. : Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different. : The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge. : "U.S. POSTAGE" is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading "NEOPOSTNEOPOST..." vertically. : Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code. : Stamp with "PDF417(9)" bar code. : Meter number with N042N prefix. : Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}}) {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]] '''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR] : As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure. : Stamp with "PDF417(9)" bar code. : Meter number with N042N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ<u>ø</u> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]] '''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S] : Produced by an internet-connected labeling device. : Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square "Datamatrix (DM-4)" bar code at right. : Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, "U.S. POSTAGE", date and identification number. : Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading "NEOPOSTNEOPOST..." vertically. : Meter number with 045N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]] '''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S] : As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder. : square "Datamatrix (DM-4)" bar code at right. : Labels have fluorescent bar at right. : Meter number with 047N prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}==== {{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}} * The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}<font size=4><font color=black>'''S'''</font></font>{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}<font size=4><font color=black>'''stamps.com'''</font></font>{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}<font size=4><font color=black>'''stamps'''_{'''endicia'''}</font></font>{{space|1}} came into use. * The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left. * <u>Mail classes found with PC-C stamps</u>: :: {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international) <font color=red>♦</font> :: {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL <font color=red>♦</font> :: {{space|4}} EXPRESS MAIL <font color=red>♦</font> :: {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL <font color=red>♦</font> : <font color=red>♦</font> Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different ("'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''") if possible also include a scan. * The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999. * PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are 4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label. [[File: ST size.png|right|200px]] [[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]] [[File: FF size.png|center|200px]] [[File: CF size.png|center|400px]] {{font/end}} <br>{{center/top}}* * * {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}} <br><br> <br> ---- <br><br> [[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]] {{font/top|size=2|color=red}} '''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label "'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''", they will referenced as follows''' ::::: Panel or Box A: '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'') ::::: Panel or Box B: oftentimes subdivided {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}} ::::::: Box B1 "'''F, P.'''" etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}} ::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}} ::::: Panel or Box C: Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}} ::::: Panel or Box D: Address {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}} ::::: Panel or Box E: Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}} ::::: Panel or Box F: often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}} : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {{font/end}} <br><br> ---- <br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]] '''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR] : Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. : At top right are value figures, mail class, "US POSTAGE”, and date. : "PDF417(7)" bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right. : Identification number with 061S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]] '''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999. : As Type PC-C1 but with "stamps.com" logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo. : "FIM" barcode at upper left : At top right are the value figures, date, "US POSTAGE", mail class, and town line. : 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion : "STAMPS.COM" is below left of the bar code. : Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]] :: '''a'''. With "ADDITIONAL POSTAGE" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''b'''. With "CORRECTION" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code :: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code :: '''e'''. With "MAIL TO:" and ZIP code above left of the bar code :: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'') '''NOTES''': * The "stamps.com" logo can vary considerably in size. * The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right''). * For a similar type inscribed "'''Stamps /Endicia '''" see "'''PC-C8'''" {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]] [[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]] '''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. : As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions. : Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D "PDF417(6)" barcode. : Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]] :: '''a'''. With "ADDITIONAL POSTAGE" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''b'''. With "CORRECTION" instead of class of mail below "US Postage" :: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code) :: '''d'''. With "MAIL TO:" and ZIP code above left of the bar code :: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line :: '''f'''. With "'''FIM'''" barcode at the upper left. '''NOTES''': * The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also. * These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. * For a similar type inscribed "'''Stamps /Endicia '''" see "'''PC-C8'''" [[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005. : At top left: postage value above "US POSTAGE" and class of mail. : At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above "FROM" and ZIP code. : "Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D "PDF417(7)" barcode. : Basic stamp without framing : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 '''PC-C2.3.2''' : "Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D "PDF417(7)" barcode. : At top left: postage value above "US POSTAGE" and class of mail. : At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above "FROM" and ZIP code. : Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below. : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 '''PC-C2.3.3''' : As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]] : "Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D "PDF417(7)" barcode. : Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. : Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below : At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above "FROM" and ZIP code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 '''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005. : As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. : Stamps.com logo right of "PDF417(7)" barcode. : "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" at top left above rate statement. : Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. :: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code ::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]] ::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5? | BLACK | '''VIII''' | 062S0005418699 | | A7 | B0 | C5 | 11/21/2005 | 02845 | | |- | FS5 | '''1''' | '''I''' | 062S0005715741 | | A6 | B3 | C1 | 09/06/2011 | 66030 | GARDNER, KS | Box F split horizontally in two, "Thank You" in bottom half. |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0008902567 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 05/28/2014 | 19803 | Wilmington, DE | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0008902567 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 06/02/2014 | 19803 | Wilmington, DE | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0008902567 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 07/15/2014 | 19803 | Wilmington, DE | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009143056 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 02/20/2018 | 08080 | Mount Holly, NJ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009151784 | | A2 | B3 | C1 | 06/01/2015 | 92154 | San Diego, CA | |} :: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below. [[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]] '''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]] <br><br> '''PC-C2.4.2''' 2005. : As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. : With "'''stamps / endicia'''" replacing the stamps.com logo right of "PDF417(7)" barcode. : "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" at top left above rate statement. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> :: '''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2). ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::::: '''-1''' Prefix "'''026W'''" {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''I''' | 026W00048272786 | | A1 | B1 | C3 | 04/11/2022 | 07036 | LINDEN, NJ | Box F: order info? |- | | | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | | |} {{font/end}} <br><br> ::::: '''-2''' Prefix "'''062S'''" {{font/top|size=2}} [[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''1''' | '''XXXIV''' | 062S0000618312 | | A6 | | C5 | 01/02/2020 | 92373 | INGLEWOOD CA | Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed |- | FS5 | '''1''' | '''XXXIV''' | 062S0000618312 | | A6 | | C5 | 01/30/2020 | 92373 | INGLEWOOD CA | Box E: Blank, no tracking #, |- | FS5 | '''E''' | '''XXXV''' | 062S0006097059 | | A19 | B2 | C3 | 11/25/2019 | 45177 | VALENCIA CA | Order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | III | 062S0009416802 | | A1 | B1 | C3 | 05/10/2022 | 14150 | | Order info, framed |} {{font/end}} <br><br> :: '''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} Similar to "'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''" ::: {{space|10}} "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" at top left above rate statement. ::: {{space|10}} New "'''Stamps'''" logo ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using "'''New Helvetica'''" font as opposed to "'''Arial Block'''" in "'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''". ::: {{space|10}} Prefix "'''063S'''" ::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and "'''Arial Block'''" font see "'''PC-C2.4.3'''" <br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} :: '''PC-C2.4.2B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info. :::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]] : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5? | BLACK | '''VIII''' | 062S0001435225 | 11675116 | A7 | B1 | | 02/24/2023 | 91311 | CHATSWORTH, CA | BOX F: order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S00014423-- | 8014-- | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/12/2022 | 84032 | HEBER CITY, UT | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442380 | 9726250 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/15/2022 | 28674 | PINEHURST, NC | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442584 | 7557381 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/21/2022 | 37211 | NASHVILLE, TN | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442597 | 7395525 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/10/2023 | 90058 | VERNON, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442618 | 7395525 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/10/2023 | 92618 | IRVINE, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442648 | 7535523 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/15/2022 | 54115 | DE PERE, WI | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442652 | 7535523 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/16/2022 | 54115 | DE PERE, WI | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442674 | 7460441 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/21/2022 | 63367 | LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001442685 | 9619750 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/11/2023 | 94931 | COTATI, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S000144269- | 7395525 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/11/2023 | 90058 | VERNON, CA | Box F= order info |- | FS5? | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0001443299 | 6080690 | A5 | B5 | C4 | 11/17/2022 | 32174 | ORMOND BEACH, FL | |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001484855 | 17633955 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 03/08/2023 | 68048 | PLATTSMOUTH, (NE) | PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009145384 | 8290678 | A1 | B3 | C1 | 02/05/2018 | 98338 | GRAHAM, WA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0008589402 | 7557381 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/19/2022 | 37211 | NASHVILLE, TN | |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0009146178 | 8239329 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/21/2022 | 60543 | OSWEGO, IL | Box F order info |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''I''' | 062S0009564660 | 7778491 | A1 | B3 | C3 | 10/22/2018 | 91304 | CANOGA PARK, CA | BOX F with Business Info |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0009564879 | 7733098 | A20 | B6 | C3 | 10/17/2022 | 33619 | TAMPA, FL | |- | FS5? | '''1''' | '''I''' | 062S0009565018 | 10860336 | A4 | B0 | C5 | 04/06/2020 | 33458 | JUPITER, FL | |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0010887747 | 8128979 | A3 | B1 | C4 | 06/13/2022 | 33167 | MIAMI, FL | BOX F with Prop Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''II''' | 062S0010937521 | 10709064 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 02/08/2021 | 92648 | HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''II''' | 062S0010984631 | 10354575 | A8 | B2 | C3 | 04/27/2020 | 11791 | SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY) | BOX F ORDER Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0011128915 | 8051382 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 10/19/2020 | 53715 | MADISON, WI | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0011129014 | 8051382 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 09/30/2020 | 53715 | MADISON, WI | |- | FS5? | '''P''' | '''IV''' | 062S0011682632 | 10232544 | A3 | B1 | C4 | 02/08/2021 | 31558 | SAINT MARYS, GA | |- | FS4? | '''P''' | '''IV''' | 062S0011682632 | 10232544 | A3 | B1 | C4 | 09/29/2022 | 31558 | SAINT MARYS, GA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0011692109 | 9897299 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/19/2022 | 30101 | ACWORTH, GA | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584392 | 5455555 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 10/27/2020 | 33458 | JUPITER, FL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584433 | 16035441 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/19/2022 | 84096 | HERRIMAN, UT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584494 | 6916215 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/21/2022 | 85298 | GILBERT, AZ | |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0012584517 | 17771454 | A5 | B5 | C4 | 08/22/2022 | 32401 | PANAMA CITY, FL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584551 | 7778491 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 06/12/2020 | 91311 | CHATSWORTH, CA | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584560 | 17663543 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 09/21/2022 | 27525 | FUQUAY VARINA, NC | Please Do Not Bend |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0012584561 | 8072505 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 06/28/2022 | 06475 | OLD SAYBROOK, CT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0013352599 | 10538570 | A1 | B1 | C4 | 09/21/2022 | 45249 | CINCINNATI, OH | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0013352605 | 8072505 | A1 | B2 | C3 | 06/28/2022 | 06475 | OLD SAYBROOK, CT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950040 | 10137355 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/16/2022 | 38474 | MOUNT PLEASANT, TN | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950074 | 8014787 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 12/15/2022 | 84032 | HEBER CITY, UT | Box F:Thank You For Your Order |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0014950080 | 8014787 | A5 | B4 | C4 | 12/12/2022 | 84032 | HEBER CITY, UT | BOX F "Thank you for your order!" |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 062S0014950085 | 9765391 | A5 | B5 | C4 | 11/11/2022 | 84606 | SPRINGVILLE, UT | BOX F with order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950089 | 9716903 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/02/2022 | 83442 | AMMON, ID | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950092 | 9728837 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/10/2022 | 84026 | FORT DUCHESNE, UT | BOX F with Order Info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950241 | 8570771 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 11/19/2022 | 84062 | PLEASANT GROVE, UT | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950278 | 17957223 | A1 | B1 | C3 | 01/03/2023 | 78245 | SAN ANTONIO, TX | |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950365 | 580628? | A6 | B2 | C3 | 09/13/2023 | 75041 | | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950507 | 6080690 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 11/17/2022 | 32174 | ORMOND BEACH, FL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0014950544 | 10875452 | A2 | B1 | C3 | 03/14/2023 | 19317 | CHADDS FORD, PA | |} {{font/end}} <br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} :: '''PC-C2.4.2C.0'''. ''2023'' ::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is "'''Arial Nova Bold'''" ::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> [[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''VI''' | 062S0001442545 | 7537397 | A3 | B1 | C7 | 01/22/2024 | 48212 | HAMTRAMCK, MI | Box F: Order info. |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 062S0001443325 | 11683909 | A2 | B2 | C3 | 06/28/2023 | 46323 | HAMMOND, IN | |- | FS5 | BLACK FILL | '''VIII''' | 062S0014949809 | 7542988 | A7 | B1 | | 03/25/2024 | 80116 | FRANKTOWN, CO | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950062 | 9717116 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 03/16/2024 | 98467 | UNIVERSITY PL, WA | Box F: Order Info |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950187 | 4998344 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 02/27/2024 | 91761 | ONTARIO, CA | Box F: Order Info |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950544 | 19750766 | A9 | B2 | C7 | 08/22/2024 | 93105 | SANTA BARBARA, CA | Green band at top and a portion of left |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0014950560 | 17195820 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 10/12/2023 | 85013 | PHOENIX, AZ | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | ? | 6636835 | A14 | B6 | C7 | 05/01/2024 | 43228 | COLUMBUS, OH | Box F: Order Info |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} :: '''PC-C2.4.2C.1'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). ::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C). ::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is "'''New Helvetica Bold'''" ::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 062S0001443239 | 6928035 | A9 | B2 | C3 | 01/22/2024 | 91733 | EL MONTE, CA | Box F: Order info. |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br> '''PC-C2.4.3''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. ::: {{space|10}} With new "'''Stamps '''" logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of "PDF417(8)" barcode. ::: {{space|10}} "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" at top left above rate statement. ::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. ::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and "'''New Helvetica'''" font see "'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''" : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> '''PC-C2.4.4''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]] ::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures. ::: {{space|10}} With new "'''Stamps '''" logo at top right. ::: {{space|10}} "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" at top left above rate statement. ::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below "'''Stamps'''" logo. <br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]] <br><br><br> '''PC-C2.5. ''' '''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014. : Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the "PDF417{8)" barcode. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : Manufacturer's logo is "'''stamps.com'''". With "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" instead of value figures. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]] '''PC-C2.5.2 ''' 2014. : Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the "PDF417{8)" barcode. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : Manufacturer's logo is "'''stamps endicia'''". :: '''A'''. With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00 :: '''B'''. With "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" instead of value figures. <br><br><br> <br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]] '''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.'' : Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the "FROM" (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo. : Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : PDF417(7) barcode <br><br><br> {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to "'''Group PC'''" above''}} <br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.'' : Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but "U.S. POSTAGE" is right of the value figures rather than below them. : Meter number with 062S prefix. : PDF417(7) barcode : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 :: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com''' :: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C2.6.1.''' ''2025.'' : As Type PC-C2.6.0 but "U.S. POSTAGE imi" is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]] : Meter number with 062S prefix. : PDF417(7) barcode : New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 <br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]] '''PC-C2.7.1.''' : With "DPDF417" barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without "stamps.com" logo. : Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo. : Value figures and "US POSTAGE" at left. : Tracking number above the barcode. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 :: '''a'''. With "Commercial Base Pricing" immediately below the 2D barcode <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]] [[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C2.7.2.''' : Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ "US POSTAGE / PAID" at left. : Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with "062S" prefix. : ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.'' : Two versions are known: :: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement. :: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C2.8''' 2020. : With barcode as with all previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and "US POSTAGE" at top above the date and "Mailed from ZIP" and ZIP code. : Below the bar code is the '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number at right. : The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.) : PDF417(4) barcode : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 :: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia''' large [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|right|500px]] :: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia''' small [[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C2.9''' 2021. : Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures. : Above the "PDF417(7)" bar code: :- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID :- date, Mailed from ZIP [code] :- weight and rate statement(s) : Below the bar code: '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right :: '''A'''. Large "'''stamps / endicia'''" logo, 062S with 7 digits :: '''B'''. Small "'''stamps / endicia'''" logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label [[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|450px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]] '''PC-C3.1.''' 2007. : Stamp with horizontal "IBI Lite" barcode. : Small frank with value figures at top above "U.S. POSTAGE", class of mail, "FROM" ZIP code, and date. : Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]] '''PC-C3.2.1''' : As Type PC-C3.1 but the "IBI Lite" barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. : '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix. : Town line "FROM" and ZIP code : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> :: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment) :: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing "FROM" alone [[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C3.2.2'''. '''stamps_endicia''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix. :: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment) :: '''c'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]] :: '''d'''. With "FIM" barcode to left <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C3.2.3''' ''2025'' : As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the "IBI Lite" barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. : "'''US POSTAGE IMI'''" : tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix. : Town line "FROM" and ZIP code : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> [[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]] '''PC-C3.3.''' 2018. : Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right. : From the top down, point-of-sale data is: :: Value figures :: '''US POSTAGE''' :: mail class :: ZIP code and date :: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> '''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners. <br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]] '''PC-C3.4.''' 2021. : As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps /endicia''' at right. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u> '''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners. <br><br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]] '''PC-C3.5.''' 2022. : Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification. : Identification number with 062S prefix. ::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]<font size=2><font color=191970>: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00<u>o</u>[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]</font></font> ::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]<font size=2><font color=191970>: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000<u>o</u>[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]</font></font> [[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]] <br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]] '''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002. : Very wide design with large "Delivery Confirmation" 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right. : Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date. : At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE & FEES PAID”. : Without value figures. The "stamps.com" logo is below the 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' ("stamps.com" logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]] <br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With "stamps.com" logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 ("stamps.com" logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]] :: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}} '''PC-C4.3.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company logo, '''stamps indicia'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|940px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]] '''PC-C5.1.''' 2011. : The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. : The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label. : Identification number with 062S prefix. : The country name is not in or near the frank, but "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" is found at bottom below the mail class. : With value figures : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C5.3.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with new company logo, '''stamps / endicia'''[[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]] <br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C6.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]] : ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode. : Meter Identification number with 062S prefix. : Value figures and "US POSTAGE", mail class, date, "Mailed from ZIP" and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br><br> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} '''PC-C6.2.'''. As'''PC-C6.1.''', Without value figures. "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" at top : ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode. : Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix. :::: '''A'''. Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]] ::::: '''-1'''. Prefix "'''061S'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''XXIX''' | 062S0001442198 | 11613058 | A14 | B2 | C7 | Jul 05 2024 | 54914 | APPLETON, WI | |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''XXIX''' | 062S0001442222 | 11613058 | A14 | B2 | C7 | Jun 07 2024 | 54914 | APPLETON, WI | |- | FS4 | BLACK | '''VIII''' | 062S0009761530 | 13928181 | A7 | B1 | | Feb 02 2023 | 48375 | NOVI, MI | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''X''' | 062S0010968105 | 12429570 | A10 | | C6 | Sep 20 2022 | 32207 | JACKSONVILLE, FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0012584411 | 17222940 | A10 | | C6 | Aug 22 2022 | 33634 | TAMPA FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0013352605 | 17222940 | A10 | | C6 | Aug 22 2022 | 33634 | TAMPA FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0014950307 | 17222940 | A1 | B2 | C6 | Nov 10 2022 | 33634 | TAMPA FL | |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''XXIX''' | 062S0014949919 | 11613058 | A14 | B2 | C7 | Sep 04 2024 | 54914 | APPLETON, WI | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 062S0014950343 | 11746372 | A1 | B2 | C6 | Mar 06 2023 | 11716 | BOHEMIA NY | |} <br><br><br><br> ::::: '''-2'''. Prefix "'''071S'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Form size ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Line A type ! Line B type ! Line C type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 071S00894672 | | A10 | | C6 | Apr 15 2022 | 90021 | (RIALTO CA) | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XI''' | 071S00894672 | | A10 | | C6 | Feb 09 2023 | 90021 | (NEWARK NJ) | |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> :::: '''B'''. Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]] <br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]] [[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 : Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. : Square Datamatrix barcode at right with "stamps.com" reading up to its right. : Text left justified as follows: : Value figures at top above "US POSTAGE", mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code : Meter Identification number with 062S prefix. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement <br><br><br><br> '''PC-C7 ''' 2023. [[File: PC-C7.png|right|400px]] : DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right : Manufacturer's logo is to the right of the "DataMatrix(4)" barcode. : "FIM" barcode at top left : Meter number with 062S prefix. : Manufacturer's logo is "'''stamps endicia'''". <br><br><br><br> '''PC-C8.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]] : Similar to types "'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''" : Corporate logo as "'''Stamps / Endicia '''" : Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code. : Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D "PDF417(3)" barcode. : With "'''FIM'''" barcode at upper left : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 '''NOTES''': * These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. <br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include "Pitney Bowes" in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with "02" prefix. * Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P. * Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}} ---- <br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]] '''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare''] : Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures, and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code. : Identification number with 022P000230 prefix. :: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The "P" in the ID number has no serif. Three reported: ::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 ::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032 ::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057 :: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The "P" in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260 : V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00^o : '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified. <br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]] '''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare''] : Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below "FIM" barcode. : Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode. : "US POSTAGE", date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : Class of mail vertical at left side. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o : '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red. <br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]] '''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. : Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above "PITNEY BOWES". : Identification number with 024P prefix. :: '''A'''. Inscribed "U.S. POSTAGE" with stops. "MAILED FROM ZIP CODE" one line, all capitals. :: '''B'''. Inscribed "US POSTAGE" without stops. "Mailed from ZIP Code" in two lines, mixed case. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o '''NOTES''': : 1) When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red. : 2) The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below). : 3) Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.) [[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]] [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]] '''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. : This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1. : The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above "U.S. POSTAGE" rather than below. : Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : Without town line or ZIP code. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]] {{font/top|size=2|color=red}} '''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows''' ::::: Panel or Box A: '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'') ::::: Panel or Box B: oftentimes subdivided ::::::: Box B1 "'''F, P.'''" etc, ::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number ::::: Panel or Box C: Mail Class ::::: Panel or Box D: Address ::::: Panel or Box E: Tracking number/Bar code ::::: Panel or Box F: often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font/end}} : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]] [[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]] '''PC-D3.1A. "Shipstream Manager"'''. : As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with "PDF417" barcode. : "US POSTAGE" or "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID", date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode. : Below the barcode are "Pitney Bowes" and the ID number with 071P prefix. : Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and "US POSTAGE". ::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 <br><br> '''PC-D3.1B. "Shipstream Manager"'''. : Box B2 "US POSTAGE" or "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID", date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above "PDF417" barcode. : The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID". With rate statement instead of value figures. : No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. : Identification number 071P prefix :: '''A'''. "'''FCM'''" in Box B1 ::: '''a'''. Box B2 "'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''"/DATE "Mailed from ZIP" / / "PDF417" barcode / "Pitney Bowes" Identification number :::: '''1'''. Box C: "'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''" ::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line "1oz First-Class Parcel rate" <br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]] [[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]] '''PC-D3.2.''' : Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. : In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right. : Inside the stamp frame: "US POSTAGE PAID" and rate statement centered above the "PDF417" barcode. : Below the barcode are "Pitney Bowes" and the identification number with 024P prefix. : Large rate indicator in frame at left. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil : {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}} :: '''A'''. With value figures :: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement <br><br> '''PC-D3.3'''. : Similar to Type PC-D3.2, : A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections ("'''boxes'''") : Below "'''Box A'''" if present, or at the top there are two boxes ("'''Box B1'''" at the left and "'''Box B2'''" at the right) : Within "'''Box B2'''" is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. : Also within "'''Box B2'''" are 3 '''stacks''', : '''Stack B2.1''' "US POSTAGE" (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left. : '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are "Pitney Bowes" and a rate statement or statements at the center. : '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right. : The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix. : In a smaller box at left ("'''Box B1'''") is a large letter code representing the mail class. : In a wide box ("'''Box C'''") below "'''Box B1'''" and "'''Box B2'''" is the class of mail. : If present the value figures appear above "US POSTAGE". : '''Labels may be framed or unframed''' : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures : A large label with 6 boxes "'''FS5'''"("'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''") <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A1'''. :: '''Box B2::'''. '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A2'''. '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]] :: '''A'''. '''026W''' <font size=1>over 10-digit number starting with</font> 0004 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897241 | CommPrice | 06/20/2023 | 32961 | VERO BEACH, FL | |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897622 | CommPrice | 10/18/2023 | 29568 | | |} <br><br> :: '''B'''. '''028W''' <font size=1>over 10-digit number starting with</font> 0002 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | | | | | | | | |- | FS5? | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310688 | CommPrice | 05/11/2024 | 34293 | VENICE FL | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3A3'''. '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as "'''PC-D3.3A3'''", Box A with "'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''" and emblem on left. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> <br><br> <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement '''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]] ::''' Box B2::'''. '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date '''PC-D3.3B.1A'''. Prefix "'''21B'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 021B0050723999 | CommPrice | 07/20/2022 | 07112 | Newark NJ | Box F: order data |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 021B0060312094 | CommPrice | 11/28/2022 | 07036 | Linden NJ | Box F: order data |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 021B0060494251 | CommPrice | 11/28/2022 | 90670 | Santa fe springs CA | Box F: order data |} '''PC-D3.3B.1B'''. Prefix "'''26W'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | | '''P''' | '''VII''' | 026W0004897242 | ComPlsPrice | 11/25/2020 | 07419 | | |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''VIII''' | 026W0004897590 | | 01/02/2021 | 97239 | Portland OR | |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 026W0004897774 | CommPlsPrice | 07/31/2020 | 60490 | Bolingbrook IL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897814 | CommPrice | 01/08/2021 | 91304 | Los Angeles CA | |- | | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897894 | | | 54843 | | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]] :: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE''' above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''VII''' | 026W0004897326 | 3000093152 | ComPlsPrice | 12/04/2020 | 91706 | IRWINDALE CA | ID numbers in larger font |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897491 | 3000008007 | CommPrice | 05/23/2019 | 48114 | BRIGHTON MI | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]] :: '''Box B2::'''. '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines above the date {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897894 | CommPrice | 12/29/2021 | 54843 | Hayward WI | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]] :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''H''' | '''VI''' | 026W0002310502 | CommPrice | 08/04/2025 | 33068 | North Lauderdale FL | "'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''" |- | FS5? | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897241 | CommPrice | 01/26/2023 | 13147 | SCIPIO CENTER NY | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897242 | CommPrice | 08/16/2022 | 93943 | MONTEREY CA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897400 | CommPrice | 05/24/2023 | 16063 | ZELIENOPLE PA | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897451 | CommPrice | 11/24/2023 | 95240 | LODI CA | |- | PS4 | '''P''' | '''XIII''' | 026W0004897525 | CommPrice | 10/23/2023 | 98239 | COUPEVILLE WA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | PS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897591 | CommPrice | 03/07/2022 | 92404 | SAN BERNARDINO CA | |- | PS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897642 | CommPrice | 02/02/2022 | 92404 | SAN BERNARDINO CA | |- | PS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897642 | CommPrice | 12/06/2023 | 81413 | CEDAREDGE CO | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | PS4 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897778 | CommPrice | 02/27/2023 | 76013 | PANTEGO TX | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''III''' | 026W0004897790 | CommPrice | 11/01/2022 | 08110 | PENNSAUKEN NJ | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897812 | CommPrice | 11/25/2023 | 11432 | JAMAICA NY | |- | | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897816 | CommPrice | 08/22/2022 | 33770 | LARGO FL | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897817 | CommPrice | 06/20/2023 | 77030 | HOUSTON TX | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897878 | CommPrice | 08/25/2022 | 66505 | MANHATTAN KS | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897894 | CommPrice | 01/23/2023 | 08110 | PENNSAUKEN NJ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897895 | CommPrice | 02/04/2022 | 45806 | CRIDERSVILLE OH | |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897895 | CommPrice | 11/21/2023 | 95628 | FAIR OAKS CA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897939 | CommPrice | 03/28/2022 | 55304 | ANDOVER MN | |- | | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004897942 | CommPrice | 04/29/2022 | 06514 | HAMDEN CT | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 026W0004898023 | CommPrice | 09/23/2022 | 75150 | MESQUITE TX | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.3B''' :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]] :: Meter numbers: 028W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310364 | CommPrice | 03/18/2024 | 96003 | REDDING CA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311094 | CommPrice | 02/05/2024 | 34222 | ELLENTON FL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311094 | CommPrice | 08/22/2024 | 11735 | FARMINGDALE NY | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311374 | CommPrice | 02/22/2024 | 33436 | BOYNTON BEACH FL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS4 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311472 | CommPrice | 03/04/2025 | 92376 | RIALTO CA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]] :: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''V''' | 026W0004897241 | 3001124484 | ComPlsPrice | 06/17/2022 | 93380 | VISALIA CA | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' :: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 028W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''VIII''' | 028W0002310218 | 3000559694 | | 02/03/2023 | 98144 | SEATTLE WA | Box F: order info |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 028W0002310350 | 3001704288 | CommPrice | 02/03/2023 | 80907 | COLORADO SPRINGS CO | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]] :: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date :: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E :: Meter numbers: 028W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Customer ID ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310174 | 3002184618 | CommPrice | 07/08/2024 | 60647 | CHICAGO IL | |- |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]] :: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / & FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 026W {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897798 | CommPrice | 01/24/2023 | 30907 | MARTINEZ GA | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]] :: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' :: '''Box B2''' '''US POSTAGE / & FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date :: Meter numbers: 028W :: Customer Identification Number below meter number <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6''' :: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes ("'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''") :: A box ("'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and "UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE" at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. :: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6A''' :: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3, US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with "''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''" : identification number starts with "'''026W'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897242 | CommPrice | 01/08/2022 | 19565 | WERNERSVILLE PA | |- | FS6 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897486 | CommPrice | 08/19/2023 | 76002 | ARLINGTON TX | |- | FS6 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 026W0004897525 | CommPrice | 10/24/2023 | 35952 | SNEAD AL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897623 | CommPrice | 05/08/2023 | 50010 | AMES IA | |- | FS6 | '''P''' | | 026W0004897894 | CommPrice | | 30513 | | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | | 026W0004897941 | CommPrice | | 60108 | | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B''' : '''Box A''' with "''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''" : identification number starts with "'''028W'''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002310428 | | 06/18/2024 | 60512 | MONTGOMERY IL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''X''' | '''VIII''' | 028W0002310575 | | 05/31/2024 | 34677 | OLDSMAR FL | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 028W0002311092 | CommPrice | 06/13/2024 | 11103 | ASTORIA NY | No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6B''' :: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3, US POSTAGE / & FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with "''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''" {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897813 | CommPrice | 06/30/2022 | 07111 | IRVINGTON NJ | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6C''' :: '''Box B2''' "'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''" in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''” {{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type "'''OO-M1'''"}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XII''' | 026W0004897572 | CommPrice | 06/29/2021 | 76155 | |} <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6D''' :: '''Box B2''' "'''US POSTAGE'''" in two lines above the date <br><br> '''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]] : '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''” {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6? | '''X''' | '''X''' | 026W0004897485 | CommPrice | 11/25/2020 | 55422 | |} <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]] '''PC-D3.4''' : Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode. : Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are "usps.com", the value figures, "US POSTAGE", a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date. : Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}} [[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]] '''PC-D3.5''' : "'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''" in two lines : Unboxed rate class designation letter : "'''PDF417(7)'''" 2-D barcode on right : Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number : Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits : On customs declaration form (CD) <br><br><br> '''PC-D4.1.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> : Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left. : Meter number seen with "024P" prefix. : With value figures below "PAID". : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 <br><br> '''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]] : Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but "US POSTAGE" and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below. : The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows: :: ID# with "026W" prefix :: Pitney Bowes (with "CommPrice" [or value figures?] below) :: date :: "From" ZIP code :: weight :: (destination) zone <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D4.3.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]] :: As with PC-D4.2 but with "'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" :: ID# with "026W" prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]] :: As with PC-D4.4 but with "'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" at right above Identification number. :: Two black bars complete from left to right :: ID# with "028W" prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br> '''PC-D5.1.''' : At right is the square "Datamatrix" barcode. : Centered in the middle: "US POSTAGE PAID"/ "Pitney Bowes"/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix : At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight : Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures. <br><br><br> '''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]] : At left solid block rate code indicator : Centered in the middle: "US POSTAGE PAID"/ "Pitney Bowes"/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base <br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]] : At left outline rate code indicator : Centered in the middle: "US POSTAGE PAID"/ "Pitney Bowes"/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle ::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration for '''PC-D5.1A.''' <br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]] : Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but "Pitney Bowes" is vertical reading up at left. : The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between "US POSTAGE PAID" (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : "'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''" : The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types: ::::{{space|5}} Type I {{space|5}} "To/From" horizontal ::::{{space|5}} Type II {{space|4}} "To/From" vertical : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil :{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: "'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''"}} :: '''A'''. With "ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE" below US POSTAGE PAID :: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]] :: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]] [[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]] : Very wide design with square "Datamatrix" barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center. : Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and "Pitney Bowes". : Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix. : At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail. :: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures. :: '''B'''. With value figures above the date [[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]] <br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]] '''PC-D5.4. "SmartPostage"''', 2011. : As Type PC-D4.5 but with "www.pbSmartPostage.com" instead of the eBay logo. : Identification number with 024P prefix. :: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 :: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement :: '''a'''. With "Commercial Base Pricing" immediately below the "Pitney Bowes" <br><br> '''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]] : Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged. : The identification number, date, "From" Zip code, and weight are below the square "Datamatrix" barcode. : The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center. : At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is "Pitney Bowes". : "US POSTAGE PAID" and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode. : Identification number with 024P prefix. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> :: '''A'''. With value figures above "Pitney Bowes": {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 :: '''B'''. Without value figures <br><br> '''PC-D5.6. "SmartPostage"''', 2006. : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce] <br><br> '''PC-D5.7. "SmartPostage"''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]] : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : Without value figures but with rate statement <br><br> '''PC-D5.8. "SmartPostage"''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]] : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. : Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller. : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 <br><br> '''PC-D5.9. "SmartPostage"''' : Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of "PDF417" barcode. : “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above "Pitney Bowes", a rate statement, and the identification number. : service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. : Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller. : Meter identification number with 024P prefix. : With value figures or without but with rate statement <br><br> '''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]] : sans-serif "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629585 | ComBasPrice | 12/28/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629647 | ComBasPrice | 02/10/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629652 | ComBasPrice | 06/21/2014 | 10509 | BREWSTER NY | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XV''' | 024P0007629756 | | 03/17/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629758 | ComBasPrice | 12/11/2012 | 32812 | ORLANDO FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007629777 | ComBasPrice | 03/15/2017 | 17362 | SPRING GROVE PA | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007632129 | ComBasPrice | 06/01/2019 | 85203 | MESA AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XV''' | 024P0007776044 | | 02/25/2016 | 32701 | ALTAMONTE SPG FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776131 | ComBasPrice | 02/10/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776147 | ComBasPrice | 10/17/2016 | 76251 | MONTAGUE TX | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776172 | ComBasPrice | 11/27/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776173 | ComBasPrice | 08/18/2015 | 20904 | SILVER SPRING MD | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776210 | ComBasPrice | 10/27/2015 | 33187 | MIAMI FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776653 | ComBasPrice | 09/12/2016 | 12992 | WEST CHAZY NY | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007776711 | ComBasPrice | 10/12/2016 | 60543 | OSWEGO IL | |- | FS5 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007875935 | ComBasPrice | 01/20/2015 | 85211 | MESA AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007875935 | ComBasPrice | 10/06/2015 | 33161 | FLORIDA CITY FL | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876028 | ComBasPrice | 01/12/2019 | 22301 | ALEXANDRIA VA | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876132 | ComBasPrice | 11/10/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876761 | ComBasPrice | 10/13/2015 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |- | FS6 | '''F''' | '''XIV''' | 024P0007876771 | ComBasPrice | 03/12/2016 | 85541 | PAYSON AZ | |} <br><br> '''PC-D5.9B.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]] : Italic "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right <br><br> '''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]] : As with "'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2 <br><br> '''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]] : As with "'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic "a preferred / shipping service on ebay" in upper right : Font in Boxes B2 and C "'''USPSIMB'''" (either Compact or Standard?) : F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2 <br><br> '''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]] : In "Box A" at upper right "'''www.paypal.com'''" : "Box B2" 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone <br><br> '''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]] : In "Box A" at upper right "'''www.paypal.com'''" : "Box B2" 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code <br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]] '''PC-D6.0''', 2021. : Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. : Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks : Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement. : a ten-digit number, "3000156428" evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date. : V/F: $0.00o : This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for "eBay Delivery Service" shipping. :: '''A'''. Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix, :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types: "FIRST-CLASS"</font></font> '''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7. <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024. : Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with "FIM" barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix, : Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square, : Identification number with 026W prefix, :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types: "FIRST-CLASS"</font></font> <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024. : Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with "FIM" barcode to left, : Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm with 4 data blocks, : Identification number with 028W prefix, :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types: "FIRST-CLASS"</font></font> <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include "endicia.com" in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number. * When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as "'''DAZzle 2000'''". * On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': <br>Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}} ---- <br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}} '''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]] : “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of "PDF417(7)" barcode. : “US POSTAGE” at top right. : Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. : ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000 ::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing ::: '''a'''. Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]] ::: '''b'''. With "CORRECTION" instead of '"endicia.com" at bottom left ::: '''c'''. With "FIM" barcode at top left. ::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]] ::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with "'''endicia.com/mac'''" at bottom left of "PDF417(7)" barcode. ::: '''a'''. With "FIM" barcode at top left. {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]] '''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. : As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. : At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information : At top right: "US POSTAGE"/ "Mailed from ZIP..." : “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left : Identification number with 071V prefix : Never with "FIM" barcode. : V/F: $0'''.'''00 :: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing ::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables. ::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]] :: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]] ::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]] :: '''PC-E1.2C'''. "'''endicia.com/mac'''" at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users '''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. : Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures. : “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. : “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left ::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]] ::: Identification number with 071V prefix ::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]] ::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]] ::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]] ::: Identification number with 071V prefix : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Line A Equivalent ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! City ! Notes |- | '''FS5''' | '''FCM''' | '''XVI''' | 071V00515554 | A13 | | OCT 27 2011 | 55337 | BURNSVILLE MN | NO TRACKING BARCODE |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A11 | Commercial Base Price | JAN 5 2015 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | APR 12 2016 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | JAN 3 2017 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | FEB 17 2017 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA||- | |- | '''FS5''' | '''F''' | '''IX''' | 071V00525268 | A12 | Commercial Base Price | MAR 1 2017 | 92705 | SANTA ANA CA||- | |- | '''FS5''' | '''FCM''' | '''XVI''' | 071V00548099 | A13 | | APR 17 2007 | 83333 | | |- | '''FS5''' | solid black | '''VIII''' | 071V00682520 | A7 | | FEB 6 2009 | 80922 | COLORADO SPRINGS CO | |- | '''FS3''' | '''P''' | '''V''' | 071V01059238 | A11 | Commercial Plus Price | SEP 8 2020 | 30071 | NORCROSS GA | |} {{font/end}} ::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?''' :::: (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]] ::: '''f'''. Without the "Box C" containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]] ::: '''g'''. "Box E" with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]] ::: '''h'''. "Box E" with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]] ::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with "'''endicia.com/mac'''" at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]] ::: Identification number with 071M prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with "'''endicia'''" at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]] ::: Identification number with 062S prefix <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. : Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and "'''endicia'''" at upper right. : The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right. : The date is below the mail class designation at left. : Identification number with "071V" prefix. : Seem on large label that includes customs information. {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]] '''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002. : Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. : In wide box at right is the 2D "PDF417" barcode. : To the left of the 2D barcode are "US POSTAGE" vertical, "WWW.USPS.COM", value figures, and date. : A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below. : Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. : Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00 {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}} [[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]] '''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. : Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with "PDF417" barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo at right. : This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1. : Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 :: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see "'''PC-G3'''" <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> : Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has "071V" prefix. '''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010. : Square "DataMatrix" barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right. : Text from top, at left of barcode: "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID", mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), "CommBasePrice" or "CommPlusPrice" (''may be omitted'') : Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for "b" below'') : ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode. :: '''A1'''. Company identity "endicia.com" (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred "I" font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]] ::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :: '''A2.1'''. Company identity "endicia.com" (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred "I" font ::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: "US POSTAGE AND FEES P"[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]] : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label type ! Box B1 TYPE ! Box C type ! Meter number ! Line A equivalent ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip code ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | '''P''' | XXXIII | 071S00799149 | A17 | Commercial Plus Pricing | Nov 27 2017 | 37801 | MARYVILLE TN | |- | FS4 | Black | VIII | 071S00773763 | A7 | | Dec 19 2017 | 30605 | ATHENS GA | |- | FS4 | Black | VIII | 071S00773763 | A7 | | Dec 22 2017 | 30605 | ATHENS GA | |- | | '''F''' | IX | 071S00913234 | A18 | CommercialBasePrice | Aug 04 2014 | 33351 | SUNRISE FL | subtype "b" |- | FS4 | '''F''' | IX | 071S00917592 | A18 | CommercialBasePrice | Feb 11 2014 | 11220 | BROOKLYN NY | |- | FS4 | '''F''' | IX | 071S00917592 | A18 | CommercialBasePrice | Oct 11 2014 | 11220 | BROOKLYN NY | |} :: '''A2.2'''. Company identity "endicia.com" (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred "I" font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]] ::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode. <br><br><br><br><br><br> ::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]] : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label type ! Box B1 TYPE ! Box C type ! Meter number ! Line A equivalent ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip code ! City ! Notes |- | FS4 | black box | VIII | 071V00908463 | A16 | | Dec 21 2017 | 75104 | CEDAR HILL TX | 2 copies, framed |- | FS4 | '''P''' | XXXIII | 071V00970570 | A17 | CommercialBasePrice | Jun 05 2018 | 28052 | | shorter Enddicia on right |- | | | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | | | |} :: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and "endicia" (''first seen in late 2018'') ::: Unframed ::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode. :::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> :: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and "endicia" [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]] ::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode. : ''subtypes unknown '' ::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted ::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]] '''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014. : Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square "DataMatrix" barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and "US POSTAGE" is alone at top center. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 [[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]] '''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015. : Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but "U.S. POSTAGE" is lower, below the date and ZIP code. : The value figures are at far left. : One seen, with "FIM" bar code at upper left. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : '''endicia.com''' reads down. : V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]] '''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''. : As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : '''endicia.com''' reads up. Note: Items formersly listed as "'''PC-E3.3C'''" and "'''PC-E3.3D'''" are now listed as "'''PC-E3.8.1'''" AND "'''PC-E3.8.2'''" RESPECTIVELY. [[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]] '''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016. : Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed "U.S. POSTAGE PAID" without "AND FEES". Also the inscription is centered rather than high. : Below "US POSTAGE PAID" is "From ZIP ##### and a rate statement. : Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left. : ID# with 071S prefix seen. <br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]] '''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018. : Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and "endicia" horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right. : Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a "CID" (<i>'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification</i>) number, and the Endicia logo. : No value figures are shown : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : The example reported was used on international mail. <br><br><br> '''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]] : Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with "endicia" vertical at right but without round logo. : Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2''' : No line separating Box B1 and Box B2. : Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class : Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a "CID" (<i>'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification</i>) number, Mail class 3. : No value figures are shown : ID# with 063S prefix below bar code. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]] : Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with "endicia" vertical at right but without round logo. : Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6''' : Text at left of barcode: At top: "US POSTAGE" above the weight and mail class, : Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a "CID" (<i>'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification</i>) 8 digit number, . : F/V: "'''$0.00'''" : ID# with 063S prefix below bar code. :: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed "'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL ^TM'''", barcode below [[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]] '''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''. : As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo. : ID# with 071S prefix seen. : Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down. '''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]] '''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''. : As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures. : ID# with 071V prefix seen. : Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]] : As Type PC-E3.3A but with "'''IMI'''" on the rate class line : ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen. : '''endicia''' reads down. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]] : Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, "G" a New Helvetica Block font : Box B2 with "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID" in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class. : 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base. : PDF 417(8) barcode with "endicia" (new logo) at right but without old round logo. :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types [BOX C]: "USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE" ['''XXIX'''] </font></font> : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]] : Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, "G" a New Helvetica Block font : Box B2 with "US POSTAGE & FEES PAID IMI" in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class. : 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base. : PDF 417(8) barcode with "endicia" (new logo) at right but without old round logo. :::::<font color=GREEN><font size=2>Known with the following "'''Directive'''" types [BOX C]: "USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM" ['''VI'''], "USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®" [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII'''] </font></font> : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with "easypost" in the frank}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers. * The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016. {{font/end}} ---- <br> [[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-F1.1. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012. : The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels. : The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp. : Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, "CID" (''number'') or "C" (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures). : Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with "0901" prefix. :: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C) :: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator <br> [[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]] '''PC-F1.2. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 : As type "'''PC-F1.1'''" With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing. <br><br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]] '''PC-F2.1. "easypost" ''' (digital/thermal). : Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed "US POSTAGE PAID" rather than "US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID" : The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1. : Also, without "CID" and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''. : And finally, the zeros are slashed. <br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]] '''PC-F2.2. "easypost" ''' (digital/thermal). : Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed "US POSTAGE PAID IMI" rather than "US POSTAGE PAID" : The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1. <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]] '''PC-F3.1. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2021. : As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address "{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}" was added below the logo. : This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by "Retail" on the stamp we have seen. : V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00 : '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo. <br><br><br><br> [[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F3.2. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2022. ::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1 ::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C) ::: No value figures ::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} "'''F'''" ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} "USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE" ::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID ::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}"'''P'''" ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} "USPS PRIORITY MAIL" ::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC <br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F4.1. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2022. ::: Easypost Logo different ::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C) ::: No value figures ::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}"'''P'''" ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} "USPS PRIORITY MAIL" ::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID <br><br> [[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F4.2. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2022. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.1'''" :: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left [[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-F4.4. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2023. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.1'''" without the web address. : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Label Type ! Box B1 Type ! Box C Type ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! Stack B2.2 line 2 type ! Date ! Zip ! Customer ID ! Note |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 0901000008901 | Commercial | 2023-12-01 | 60607 | C4650528 | 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3 |- | FS5 | '''G''' | '''VI''' | 0901000010389 | Commercial | 2023-12-28 | 63376 | C5299422 | 5.0 OZ ZONE 4 |- | FS5 | '''P''' | '''XXXI''' | 0901000014322 | Commercial | 2024-06-27 | 63376 | C5299422 | 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4 |} <br><br> '''PC-F4.5. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2025. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.4'''" without the web address. :: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left [[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PC-F4.6. "EasyPost" ''' (digital/thermal), 2026. ::: Easypost Logo same as "'''PC-F4.4'''" without the web address. ::: "'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''" [[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]] <br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F5. "Chit Chats" ''' (digital/thermal), 2023. ::: Similar to "'''PC-F4.2'''" ::: Easypost Logo replaced by "'''Chit Chats'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00 <br><br> [[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]] '''PC-F6. "Sendle" ''' (digital/thermal), 2023. ::: Similar to "'''PC-F4.1'''" ::: Easypost Logo replaced by "'''Sendle>'''" <br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here.. * The stamp was first reported in 2021. {{font/end}} ---- <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} [[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]] '''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier. : The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and "Click-N-Ship"® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, "usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines. : V/F: $(00)0.00 [[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]] {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier. : Similar to "'''PC-G1'''" but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box "'''B2'''". : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" : V/F: $(00)0.00 {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mail Rate Class ! Type ! Date ! Mailed from Zip Code ! "'''Box C'''" Mail Class |- | P | Flat Rate Env | 05/08/2023 | 63005 | XXX |- | G | Insured | 06/20/2024 | 02453 | VI |- | | | | |} : <u>''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''</u> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier. : Similar to "'''PC-G2.1'''" but with security print under "US POSTAGE PAID" more heavily segmented : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" : V/F: $(00)0.00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier. : Security print in "Box B2" similar to "'''PC-G2.1'''" but : "Box D" more similar to "'''PC-G2.2'''" : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" : V/F: $(00)0.00 <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> [[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]] '''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 : Security print in "Box B2" similar to "'''PC-G2.1'''" but : Box A with USPS logo to left, "USPS APIs" to right : "Box D" only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode : Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID : Label type "'''FS6'''" <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]] '''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. : Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with "PDF417" barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&reg; logo at right. : This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1. : Without identification number : See also "'''PC-E2.2'''" for similar item with identification number starting with "071V" : V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with "FP" logo in the frank}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} * Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely. {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}} ---- <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} [[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]] '''PC-H1. "Francotyp-Postalia" ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier. : The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode. : Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix. : '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp. : The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. : V/F: $ (00)0.000 {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with "E-postage" or variant in the frank}}==== ---- <br> {{font/top|size=3}} * Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. * E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business. * The stamps appear to be more like "post paid" permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature. [[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]] [[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]] [[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]] * The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class. : The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee. : The stamps show no value figures or identification number. : The labels do include a tracking bar code and number. : So far they have been found in two general formats: :: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall :: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall * Known variations: :: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box :: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left :: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box :: '''-''' "ComBasPrice" appearing left of the frank box '''NOTES''': * Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered. * When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort. * What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification. {{font/end}} ----{{BookCat}} dtb5kikpcl5rpbzttuf7zpilw0lqrk8 0 386297 4641035 4460322 2026-06-23T22:19:39Z Noeiel17 3495772 4641035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{status|0%}} Welcome to the wikibook course on ''' Hong Kong Cantonese'''. To use this book, your web browser must first be configured to [[Chinese/Displaying Chinese Characters|display Chinese characters]]. If the characters in the box below appear as blank boxes or garbage such as �?�?, your browser is not properly configured. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" align="center" | style="background-color:#eeeeee;" |如果你識廣東話嘅話，唔該幫下手！ |} == Table of Contents == {{Book search}} ===Introduction=== *[[/Introduction|Introduction to Hong Kong Cantonese]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Jyutping|Romanization Scheme]]{{stage short|0%}} *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Book:Hong_Kong_Cantonese/Examples Examples of Hong Kong Cantonese] ===Basics=== *[[/Pronouns/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Verbs/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Nouns/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Measure Words/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Tenses/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Sentence|Basic Sentence Structure]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Questions/]]{{stage short|0%}} ===Advanced Topics=== *[[/Adjectives 1|Placing Adjectives After Nouns]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Adjectives 2|Placing Adjectives Before Nouns]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Tenses|Advanced Tenses]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Complex Sentence/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Subject/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Passive Voice/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Profanity/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Variants|Variants of written Hong Kong Cantonese]] ===Lists=== *[[/Noun List/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Verb List/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Adjectives List 1/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Adjectives List 2/]]{{stage short|0%}} {{shelves|Chinese language}} {{alphabetical|H}} {{Category 4}} __NOTOC__ 5sm06q76t4swr0piqvalgxlgmbs0idj 4641036 4641035 2026-06-23T22:21:26Z Noeiel17 3495772 4641036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{status|0%}} Welcome to the wikibook course on ''' Hong Kong Cantonese'''. To use this book, your web browser must first be configured to [[Chinese/Displaying Chinese Characters|display Chinese characters]]. If the characters in the box below appear as blank boxes or garbage such as �?�?, your browser is not properly configured. {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" align="center" | style="background-color:#eeeeee;" |如果你識廣東話嘅話，唔該幫下手！ |} == Table of Contents == {{Book search}} ===Introduction=== *[[/Introduction|Introduction to Hong Kong Cantonese]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Jyutping|Romanization Scheme]]{{stage short|0%}} *[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Book:Hong_Kong_Cantonese/Examples Examples of Hong Kong Cantonese] ===Basics=== *[[/Pronouns/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Verbs/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Nouns/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Measure Words/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Tenses/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Basic Sentence|Basic Sentence Structure]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Questions/]]{{stage short|0%}} ===Advanced Topics=== *[[/Adjectives 1|Placing Adjectives After Nouns]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Adjectives 2|Placing Adjectives Before Nouns]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Tenses|Advanced Tenses]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Complex Sentence/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Subject/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Passive Voice/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Profanity/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Variants|Variants of written Hong Kong Cantonese]] ===Lists=== *[[/Noun List/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Verb List/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Adjectives List 1/]]{{stage short|0%}} *[[/Adjectives List 2/]]{{stage short|0%}} {{shelves|Chinese language}} {{alphabetical|H}} {{Category 4 Language}} __NOTOC__ cf2dehl6nmh5a7dei85pznxjz0lt9ho 0 394791 4640997 3645748 2026-06-23T13:23:23Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4640997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/The Hobbit|The Hobbit]] - Chapter 10 - ''A Warm Welcome'' == Plot == The barrels, with one hobbit riding and 13 dwarves inside, flow down the river and out of Mirkwood forest. Looking forward, Bilbo sees the Lonely Mountain - the ultimate destination of the group. For now, they arrive in [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Places/Lake Town|Lake Town]]. It is a [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Races/Human|Human]] settlement located on the banks of the [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Places/Long Lake|Long Lake]], south of the [[Guide to The Lord of The Rings/Places/Lonely Mountain|Lonely Mountain]]. Safe, they arrive in the town, cramped, wet, and hungry. Thorin, energized with a new sense of purpose and along with [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Fili|Fili]], [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Kili|Kili]], and [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Bilbo|Bilbo]], strides up proudly up to the town hall, and declared to [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/The Master of Lake Town|The Master of Lake Town]], that he is a descendant of the [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/King under the Mountain|King under the Mountain]], has returned and wishes to claim his inheritance. This brings joy to the people of the town. The townsfolk reveal during the reign of King under the Mountain, gold flowed from the river, before [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Smaug|Smaug]] arrived. They even treat Bilbo and the dwarves like kings. The company finds out that the Master feasts on good terms with elves, who recognize their former prisoners. The Master of Lake-town does not want to oppose the elves, but the townspeople insist that Thorin be welcomed. After a fortnight, the company is strong and eager again. Though they still have no idea how to deal with the dragon, Thorin feels that they cannot wait any longer. The expedition departs. ==Analysis== Having displayed bravery, cleverness, as well as skill, Bilbo reverts to his milder hoobit nature. His journey toward leadership and real personal development is not a straight line but in turns and waves. The reaction of the people in Lake Town highlights the importance of ancestry. We see the importance of lineage in defining a person's character and prospects, first seen through Bilbo's oscillation between his Took side and his Baggins side. We also see it through Thorin's obsession with hhis birthright., the treasure under the mountain. == Main Characters == *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Bilbo|Bilbo]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Thorin|Thorin]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Fili|Fili]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Kili|Kili]] == Mentioned Characters == *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Smaug|Smaug]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Durin|Durin]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/The Master of Lake Town|The Master of Lake Town]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/King under the Mountain|King under the Mountain]] == Locations == *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Places/Long Lake|Long Lake]] *[[Guide to The Lord of The Rings/Places/Lonely Mountain|Lonely Mountain]] == Glossary == *'''promontory''' a high point of land or rock projecting into water or over lowland. *'''graybeards''' old men. *'''gammers''' old women. *'''quays''' docks or landing places on a waterway. *'''fortnight''' a period of two weeks. == Songs and Verses == #[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Music/The King Beneath the Mountains]] == Translations around the World == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Foreign Language !Translated name |- |Albanian |Një Mirëseardhje të Ngrohtë |- |Amharic |አንድ ሞቅ ያለ አቀባበል |- |Arabic |ترحيب حار |- |Armenian |Ջերմ ընդունելության |- |Azerbaijani |A isti gəlmisiniz |- |Basque |Ongietorri beroa |- |Belarusian Cyrillic |Цёплы прыём |- |Bengali |একটি উষ্ণ স্বাগত |- |Bosnian |Toplu dobrodošlicu |- |Bulgarian Cyrillic |Топло посрещане |- |Burmese |တစ်ဦးကနွေးထွေးတဲ့ကွိုဆို |- |Cambodian |ការស្វាគមន៍យ៉ាងកក់ក្តៅ |- |Catalan |Una Cordial Benvinguda |- |Cebuano |Usa ka Mainit nga Pag-abiabi |- |Chinese |热烈欢迎 |- |Croatian |Topla dobrodošlica |- |Czech |Vřelé přivítání |- |Danish |En Varm Velkomst |- |Dari |یک خوش آمدگویی گرم |- |Dutch |A Hartelijk Welkom |- |Esperanto |Varman bonvenon |- |Estonian |Soe Tere tulemast ? |- |Filipino |Isang Mainit na Pagtanggap |- |Finnish |Lämmin tervetullut |- |French |Un Accueil Chaleureux |- |Galician |Unha Recepción Calor |- |Georgian |გულთბილი |- |German |Ein Herzliches Willkommen |- |Greek |Ένα Ζεστό Καλωσόρισμα |- |Gujarati |ગરમ સ્વાગત |- |Hebrew |קבלת פנים חמה |- |Hindi |एक जोरदार स्वागत |- |Hmong |Ib tug Sov Zoo siab txais tos |- |Hungarian |A Meleg Fogadtatás |- |Icelandic |A Hlýja Velkominn |- |Indonesian |Sambutan hangat |- |Irish Gaelic |A Te Fáilte |- |Italian |Un Caldo Benvenuto |- |Japanese |暖かい歓迎 |- |Javanese |Anget Sambutan |- |Kannada |ಬೆಚ್ಚಗಿನ ಸ್ವಾಗತ |- |Kazakh Cyrillic |А Жылы Қош келдіңіздер |- |Korean |따뜻한 환영 |- |Kurdish |ئ بی خێر حاتی گه‌رم (Arabic script) A Bi xêr Hatî germ (Latin) |- |Kyrgyz Cyrillic |Жылуу кабыл алышты |- |Laotian |ເປັນອົບອຸ່ນຍິນດີຕ້ອນຮັບ |- |Latvian |Silts laipni |- |Lithuanian |Šiltas laukiamas ? |- |Luxembourgish |A Waarm Wëllkomm |- |Macedonian Cyrillic |А топло добредојде |- |Malagasy |A Mafana Tonga soa eto |- |Malay |Sambutan hangat |- |Malayalam |ഊഷ്മളമായി സ്വാഗതം |- |Maltese |A Merħba sħun |- |Marathi |एक उबदार स्वागत |- |Mongolian Cyrillic |A дулаан тавтай |- |Nepalese |न्यानो स्वागत |- |Norwegian |En Varm Velkomst |- |Pashto |ګرم ښه راغلاست |- |Persian |یک خوش آمدگویی گرم |- |Polish |Serdeczne powitanie |- |Portuguese |Uma Calorosa Recepção |- |Punjabi |ਿਨੱਘਾ ਸੁਆਗਤ |- |Romanian |Un bun venit Cald |- |Russian |Теплый прием |- |Samoan |Se Faafeiloaiga Mafanafana |- |Serbian |Топла добродошлица (Cyrillic) Toplu dobrodošlicu (Latin) |- |Sesotho |Amohela ka mofuthu |- |Sinhalese |සාදරයෙන් පිළිගනියි |- |Sindhi |هڪ گرم ڀلي ڪري آيا |- |Slovak |Vrelé privítanie |- |Slovenian |Toplo dobrodošlico |- |Somalian |Diirran Ugu soo dhawow |- |Spanish |Una Cálida Bienvenida |- |Sudanese |A Kersa Wilujeng sumping |- |Swedish |Ett Varmt Välkomnande |- |Tajik Cyrillic |Пазироии гарм |- |Tamil |ஒரு சூடான வரவேற்பு |- |Telugu |ఒక వెచ్చని స్వాగతం |- |Thai |การต้อนรับอย่างอบอุ่น |- |Turkish |Sıcak bir karşılama |- |Ukrainian Cyrillic |теплий прийом |- |Urdu |ایک گرم استقبال |- |Uzbek |Самимий қабул (Cyrillic) Samimiy qabul (Latin) |- |Vietnamese |Chào đón nồng nhiệt |- |Welsh |Croeso Cynnes |- |Yiddish |אַ וואַרעם באַגריסן |- |Yoruba |A Gbona Kaabo |- |Yucatec Maya |Juntúul cálida bienvenida |} {{Bookcat}} 7un3g4laqlibb8jlzwbwr9i2vh1czar 4640998 4640997 2026-06-23T13:24:21Z WereSpielChequers 248949 c/e 4640998 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/The Hobbit|The Hobbit]] - Chapter 10 - ''A Warm Welcome'' == Plot == The barrels, with one hobbit riding and 13 dwarves inside, flow down the river and out of Mirkwood forest. Looking forward, Bilbo sees the Lonely Mountain - the ultimate destination of the group. For now, they arrive in [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Places/Lake Town|Lake Town]]. It is a [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Races/Human|Human]] settlement located on the banks of the [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Places/Long Lake|Long Lake]], south of the [[Guide to The Lord of The Rings/Places/Lonely Mountain|Lonely Mountain]]. Safe, they arrive in the town, cramped, wet, and hungry. Thorin, energized with a new sense of purpose and along with [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Fili|Fili]], [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Kili|Kili]], and [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Bilbo|Bilbo]], strides up proudly up to the town hall, and declared to [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/The Master of Lake Town|The Master of Lake Town]], that he is a descendant of the [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/King under the Mountain|King under the Mountain]], has returned and wishes to claim his inheritance. This brings joy to the people of the town. The townsfolk reveal during the reign of King under the Mountain, gold flowed from the river, before [[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Smaug|Smaug]] arrived. They even treat Bilbo and the dwarves like kings. The company finds out that the Master feasts on good terms with elves, who recognize their former prisoners. The Master of Lake-town does not want to oppose the elves, but the townspeople insist that Thorin be welcomed. After a fortnight, the company is strong and eager again. Though they still have no idea how to deal with the dragon, Thorin feels that they cannot wait any longer. The expedition departs. ==Analysis== Having displayed bravery, cleverness, as well as skill, Bilbo reverts to his milder hobbit nature. His journey toward leadership and real personal development is not a straight line but in turns and waves. The reaction of the people in Lake Town highlights the importance of ancestry. We see the importance of lineage in defining a person's character and prospects, first seen through Bilbo's oscillation between his Took side and his Baggins side. We also see it through Thorin's obsession with his birthright., the treasure under the mountain. == Main Characters == *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Bilbo|Bilbo]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Thorin|Thorin]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Fili|Fili]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Kili|Kili]] == Mentioned Characters == *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Smaug|Smaug]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Durin|Durin]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/The Master of Lake Town|The Master of Lake Town]] *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/King under the Mountain|King under the Mountain]] == Locations == *[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Places/Long Lake|Long Lake]] *[[Guide to The Lord of The Rings/Places/Lonely Mountain|Lonely Mountain]] == Glossary == *'''promontory''' a high point of land or rock projecting into water or over lowland. *'''graybeards''' old men. *'''gammers''' old women. *'''quays''' docks or landing places on a waterway. *'''fortnight''' a period of two weeks. == Songs and Verses == #[[Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Music/The King Beneath the Mountains]] == Translations around the World == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Foreign Language !Translated name |- |Albanian |Një Mirëseardhje të Ngrohtë |- |Amharic |አንድ ሞቅ ያለ አቀባበል |- |Arabic |ترحيب حار |- |Armenian |Ջերմ ընդունելության |- |Azerbaijani |A isti gəlmisiniz |- |Basque |Ongietorri beroa |- |Belarusian Cyrillic |Цёплы прыём |- |Bengali |একটি উষ্ণ স্বাগত |- |Bosnian |Toplu dobrodošlicu |- |Bulgarian Cyrillic |Топло посрещане |- |Burmese |တစ်ဦးကနွေးထွေးတဲ့ကွိုဆို |- |Cambodian |ការស្វាគមន៍យ៉ាងកក់ក្តៅ |- |Catalan |Una Cordial Benvinguda |- |Cebuano |Usa ka Mainit nga Pag-abiabi |- |Chinese |热烈欢迎 |- |Croatian |Topla dobrodošlica |- |Czech |Vřelé přivítání |- |Danish |En Varm Velkomst |- |Dari |یک خوش آمدگویی گرم |- |Dutch |A Hartelijk Welkom |- |Esperanto |Varman bonvenon |- |Estonian |Soe Tere tulemast ? |- |Filipino |Isang Mainit na Pagtanggap |- |Finnish |Lämmin tervetullut |- |French |Un Accueil Chaleureux |- |Galician |Unha Recepción Calor |- |Georgian |გულთბილი |- |German |Ein Herzliches Willkommen |- |Greek |Ένα Ζεστό Καλωσόρισμα |- |Gujarati |ગરમ સ્વાગત |- |Hebrew |קבלת פנים חמה |- |Hindi |एक जोरदार स्वागत |- |Hmong |Ib tug Sov Zoo siab txais tos |- |Hungarian |A Meleg Fogadtatás |- |Icelandic |A Hlýja Velkominn |- |Indonesian |Sambutan hangat |- |Irish Gaelic |A Te Fáilte |- |Italian |Un Caldo Benvenuto |- |Japanese |暖かい歓迎 |- |Javanese |Anget Sambutan |- |Kannada |ಬೆಚ್ಚಗಿನ ಸ್ವಾಗತ |- |Kazakh Cyrillic |А Жылы Қош келдіңіздер |- |Korean |따뜻한 환영 |- |Kurdish |ئ بی خێر حاتی گه‌رم (Arabic script) A Bi xêr Hatî germ (Latin) |- |Kyrgyz Cyrillic |Жылуу кабыл алышты |- |Laotian |ເປັນອົບອຸ່ນຍິນດີຕ້ອນຮັບ |- |Latvian |Silts laipni |- |Lithuanian |Šiltas laukiamas ? |- |Luxembourgish |A Waarm Wëllkomm |- |Macedonian Cyrillic |А топло добредојде |- |Malagasy |A Mafana Tonga soa eto |- |Malay |Sambutan hangat |- |Malayalam |ഊഷ്മളമായി സ്വാഗതം |- |Maltese |A Merħba sħun |- |Marathi |एक उबदार स्वागत |- |Mongolian Cyrillic |A дулаан тавтай |- |Nepalese |न्यानो स्वागत |- |Norwegian |En Varm Velkomst |- |Pashto |ګرم ښه راغلاست |- |Persian |یک خوش آمدگویی گرم |- |Polish |Serdeczne powitanie |- |Portuguese |Uma Calorosa Recepção |- |Punjabi |ਿਨੱਘਾ ਸੁਆਗਤ |- |Romanian |Un bun venit Cald |- |Russian |Теплый прием |- |Samoan |Se Faafeiloaiga Mafanafana |- |Serbian |Топла добродошлица (Cyrillic) Toplu dobrodošlicu (Latin) |- |Sesotho |Amohela ka mofuthu |- |Sinhalese |සාදරයෙන් පිළිගනියි |- |Sindhi |هڪ گرم ڀلي ڪري آيا |- |Slovak |Vrelé privítanie |- |Slovenian |Toplo dobrodošlico |- |Somalian |Diirran Ugu soo dhawow |- |Spanish |Una Cálida Bienvenida |- |Sudanese |A Kersa Wilujeng sumping |- |Swedish |Ett Varmt Välkomnande |- |Tajik Cyrillic |Пазироии гарм |- |Tamil |ஒரு சூடான வரவேற்பு |- |Telugu |ఒక వెచ్చని స్వాగతం |- |Thai |การต้อนรับอย่างอบอุ่น |- |Turkish |Sıcak bir karşılama |- |Ukrainian Cyrillic |теплий прийом |- |Urdu |ایک گرم استقبال |- |Uzbek |Самимий қабул (Cyrillic) Samimiy qabul (Latin) |- |Vietnamese |Chào đón nồng nhiệt |- |Welsh |Croeso Cynnes |- |Yiddish |אַ וואַרעם באַגריסן |- |Yoruba |A Gbona Kaabo |- |Yucatec Maya |Juntúul cálida bienvenida |} {{Bookcat}} 1mb1pmws0cab5j1h7ebjsqnintvy1x5 0 427007 4641047 4639335 2026-06-24T03:14:39Z ~2026-35116-97 3607008 4641047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{:Unicode/Character reference}} {|border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Seal Script (ctd.)''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" 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style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F85x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F86x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F87x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F88x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F89x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F8Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F90x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F91x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F92x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F93x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F94x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F95x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F96x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F97x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F98x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F99x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Ax |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Bx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Cx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Dx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Ex |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3F9Fx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FA9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FAAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FABx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FACx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FADx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FAEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FAFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FB9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FBAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FBBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FBCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FBDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FBEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FBFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#f8f8f8;text-align:center" | '''Enclosed Alphanumeric Extended-A''' |----- style="background:#ccccff" !width="4%"|U+!!width="6%"|0!!width="6%"|1!!width="6%"|2!!width="6%"|3!!width="6%"|4!!width="6%"|5!!width="6%"|6!!width="6%"|7!!width="6%"|8!!width="6%"|9!!width="6%"|A!!width="6%"|B!!width="6%"|C!!width="6%"|D!!width="6%"|E!!width="6%"|F |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC4x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY ONE|&#x3fc40;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY TWO|&#x3fc41;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY THREE|&#x3fc42;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FOUR|&#x3fc43;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY FIVE|&#x3fc44;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SIX|&#x3fc45;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY SEVEN|&#x3fc46;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY EIGHT|&#x3fc47;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTY NINE|&#x3fc48;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY|&#x3fc49;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY ONE|&#x3fc4a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY TWO|&#x3fc4b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY THREE|&#x3fc4c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FOUR|&#x3fc4d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY FIVE|&#x3fc4e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A|&#x3fc4f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC5x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B|&#x3fc50;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C|&#x3fc51;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D|&#x3fc52;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E|&#x3fc53;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F|&#x3fc54;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G|&#x3fc55;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H|&#x3fc56;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I|&#x3fc57;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J|&#x3fc58;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K|&#x3f559;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L|&#x3fc5a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M|&#x3fc5b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N|&#x3fc5c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O|&#x3fc5d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P|&#x3fc5e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q|&#x3fc5f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC6x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R|&#x3fc60;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T|&#x3fc61;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U|&#x3fc62;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V|&#x3fc63;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W|&#x3fc64;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X|&#x3fc65;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y|&#x3fc66;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z|&#x3fc67;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIGN|&#x3fc68;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED DOLLAR SIGN|&#x3f569;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERCENT SIGN|&#x3fc6a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED AMPERSAND|&#x3fc6b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED PERMILE SIGN|&#x3fc6c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED INTERROBANG|&#x3fc6d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED EXCLAMATION MARK|&#x3fc6e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED QUESTION MARK|&#x3fc6f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC7x |{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY SIX|&#x3fc70;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY SEVEN|&#x3fc71;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY EIGHT|&#x3fc72;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTY NINE|&#x3fc73;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY|&#x3fc74;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY ONE|&#x3fc75;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY TWO|&#x3fc76;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY THREE|&#x3fc77;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY FOUR|&#x3fc78;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY FIVE|&#x3f579;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY SIX|&#x3fc7a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY SEVEN|&#x3fc7b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTY EIGHT|&#x3fc7c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENT NINE|&#x3fc7d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTY|&#x3fc7e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|CIRCLED TIRONIAN SIGN ET|&#x3fc7f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC8x |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ZERO|&#x3fc80;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT ZERO|&#x3fc81;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT ONE|&#x3fc82;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT TWO|&#x3fc83;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT THREE|&#x3fc84;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT FOUR|&#x3fc85;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT FIVE|&#x3fc86;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT SIX|&#x3fc87;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x3fc88;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x3f589;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT NINE|&#x3fc8a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED DIGIT TEN|&#x3fc8b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER A|&#x3fc8c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER B|&#x3fc8d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER C|&#x3fc8e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER D|&#x3fc8f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FC9x |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER E|&#x3fc90;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER F|&#x3fc91;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER G|&#x3fc92;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER H|&#x3fc93;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER I|&#x3fc94;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER J|&#x3fc95;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER K|&#x3fc96;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER L|&#x3fc97;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER M|&#x3fc98;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER N|&#x3fc99;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER O|&#x3fc9a;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER P|&#x3fc9b;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q|&#x3fc9c;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER R|&#x3fc9d;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER S|&#x3fc9e;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER T|&#x3fc9f;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FCAx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER U|&#x3fca0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER V|&#x3fca1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER W|&#x3fca2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER X|&#x3fca3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y|&#x3fca4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TORTOISE SHELL BRACKETED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z|&#x3fca5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AA|&#x3fca6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AB|&#x3fca7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AD|&#x3fca8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AE|&#x3fca9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AH|&#x3fcaa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AM|&#x3fcab;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AO|&#x3fcac;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AS|&#x3fcad;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AU|&#x3fcae;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS AZ|&#x3fcaf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FCBx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BA|&#x3fcb0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BB|&#x3fcb1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BD|&#x3fcb2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BG|&#x3fcb3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BJ|&#x3fcb4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BK|&#x3fcb5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BM|&#x3fcb6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BO|&#x3fcb7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BP|&#x3fcb8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BQ|&#x3fcb9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BR|&#x3fcba;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BU|&#x3fcbb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BX|&#x3fcbc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BY|&#x3fcbd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS BZ|&#x3fcbe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CA|&#x3fcbf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FCCx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CC|&#x3fcc0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CD|&#x3fcc1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CE|&#x3fcc2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CH|&#x3fcc3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CI|&#x3fcc4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CJ|&#x3fcc5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CK|&#x3fcc6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CL|&#x3fcc7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CM|&#x3fcc8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CN|&#x3fcc9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CO|&#x3fcca;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CP|&#x3fccb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CR|&#x3fccc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CS|&#x3fccd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CT|&#x3fcce;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CU|&#x3fccf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#457da5" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FCDx |{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CV|&#x3fcd0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CY|&#x3fcd1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS CZ|&#x3fcd2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DA|&#x3fcd3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DB|&#x3fcd4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DC|&#x3fcd5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DD|&#x3fcd6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DE|&#x3fcd7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DH|&#x3fcd8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DJ|&#x3fcd9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DK|&#x3fcda;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DM|&#x3fcdb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DO|&#x3fcdc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DP|&#x3fcdd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DR|&#x3fcde;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DT|&#x3fcdf;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#174c8e" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FCEx |style="background:#457da5"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DU|&#x3fce0;}}||style="background:#457da5"|{{H:title|dotted=no|PARENTHESIS DY|&#x3fce1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x3fce2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x3fce3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x3fce4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x3fce5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x3fce6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x3fce7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x3fce8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x3fce9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x3fcea;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|DOUBLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x3fceb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE|&#x3fcec;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO|&#x3fced;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE|&#x3fcee;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR|&#x3fcef;}} |----- align="center" style="background:#174c8e" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FCFx |{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE|&#x3fcf0;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX|&#x3fcf1;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN|&#x3fcf2;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT|&#x3fcf3;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE|&#x3fcf4;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN|&#x3fcf5;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN|&#x3fcf6;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE|&#x3fcf7;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN|&#x3fcf8;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN|&#x3fcf9;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN|&#x3fcfa;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN|&#x3fcfb;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN|&#x3fcfc;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN|&#x3fcfd;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN|&#x3fcfe;}}||{{H:title|dotted=no|TRIPLE CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY|&#x3fcff;}} |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FD9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FDAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FDBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FDCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FDDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FDEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FDFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FE9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FEAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FEBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FECx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FEDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FEEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FEFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF0x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF1x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF2x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF3x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF4x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF5x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF6x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF7x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF8x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FF9x |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FFAx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FFBx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FFCx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FFDx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FFEx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |----- align="center" style="background:#777777" !style="background:#ffffff"|3FFFx |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||style="background:#000000"|&nbsp;||style="background:#000000"|&nbsp; |----- style="background:#ccccff" !U+||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |} {{:Unicode/Character/footer}} lstilwhr3a5ak9glui4b6rh8x17vfnj 0 438686 4641056 4600081 2026-06-24T06:20:12Z Conan 3188 Security: hardware vulnerability mitigations section 4641056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Security support in Linux kernel}} == New features == === Lockdown === Since Linux 5.4. ⚲ API: : /sys/kernel/security/lockdown : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|kernel_lockdown}} &ndash; kernel image access prevention feature === Landlock === Landlock allows to sandbox applications. 👁 example: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/landlock/sandboxer.c}} 📚 References: : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Landlock: unprivileged access control|userspace-api/landlock.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Landlock|security/landlock.html}} === Randomize kernel stack offset === : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/randomize_kstack.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_random_kstack_offset}} == Hardware vulnerability mitigations == CPU {{w|Speculative execution|speculative execution}} mitigations for vulnerabilities like {{w|Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre}}, {{w|Microarchitectural Data Sampling|MDS}}, {{w|Retbleed|SRSO}}, {{w|Virtual machine escape|VMSCAPE}}. These mitigations can impact real-time latency. 🗝️ Acronyms : IBPB &ndash; {{w|Indirect Branch Prediction Barrier}}, flushes branch predictor on context switches to prevent cross-process speculation attacks : IBRS &ndash; Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation : STIBP &ndash; Single Thread Indirect Branch Predictors : SSBD &ndash; {{w|Speculative Store Bypass|Speculative Store Bypass Disable}} ⚲ API : /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/ ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/bugs.c}} &ndash; x86 CPU bug mitigations 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hardware vulnerabilities|admin-guide/hw-vuln}} {{BookCat}} 09ziz8wiszrig5grfcumfnfce8e37v2 0 445124 4641020 4618595 2026-06-23T18:55:21Z Boris1951zz 3378369 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4618595|4618595]] by [[Special:Contributions/CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] ([[User talk:CommonsDelinker|discuss]]) 4641020 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{font|size=5|color=#1F75FE"|'''GROUP PPS: Private Parcel Service stamps'''}} == {{font|size=2|[[United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog|''<u>Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog</u>'']]}}<div style="font-size:medium;"> Private Parcel Service indicia are created by companies such as UPS to indicate prepayment of delivery charges.<div style="color:08457E;"></div></div> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-A: Indicia from UPS (United Parcel Service)}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} (MSSB 98 (1965)) "United Parcel Service was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1907 . Today, UPS operates a common carrier service In all or parts of 29 states plus the District of Columbia . Intrastate and interstate service is offered by UPS over broad areas. "UPS picks up and delivers packages up to 50 pounds in weight and up to 108 inches in length and girth combined . in all areas it is authorized to serve, UPS provides complete coverage . It will pick up at any point and deliver to any point. "Note : What you refer to as "meters" we designate as UPS Parcel Registers. Also, what you term as "meter stamps" we call UPS Parcel Register Tapes. "Shipper number designations and district prefixes are assigned by the Systems Department in New York. "Large shippers are not required to use UPS Parcel Registers . However, use of one is considered a big timesaver for a shipper sending approximately 100 or more parcels a week. "Customers using UPS Parcel Registers are billed weekly according to the readings taken from the registers . The customer reads the Parcel Register daily . Inc UPS driver checks the reading. "Pitney-Bowes and Postaiia parcel registers are rented to the customers. NCR parcel registers can be purchased . The base portion of the register is bought by the customer . UPS and the manufacturer both hold keys for the parcel registers ." {{font/top|size=4|color=green}} Note on indicia prints, similar to postage meters, parcel indicia can be said to be composed of up to 3 parts, the indicium itself, potential info in what would be the slug slot on a postage meter, and customer identification and routing information in what would be the slogan/ad slot on a postage meter. There is much variety, way beyond that of indicium, on these items, "'''with many subvarieties'''". [[File: sPPS A.png|left|300px]] [[File: sPPS B.png|right|325px]] [[File: sPPS C.png|left|325px]] [[File: sPPS D(2).png|right|325px]] [[File: SPPS E.png|left|325px]] [[File: F PPS-A.png|right|325px]] {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> Reference: :::1965-77. {{space|4}} "'''Meter Stamp Society Bulletin'''" :::1984-88. {{space|4}} Roscoe, Ernest J {{space|4}} "'''United Parcel Service'''"{{space|4}} "''The Stamp Collector''" :::c1990?. {{space|5}} Hawkins, Joel A {{space|5}} "'''United Parcel Service'''" :::1995. {{space|9}} Hawkins, Joel A {{space|5}} "'''Package Delivery Service'''" {{space|4}} A Catalog of United Parcel Service (UPS) and other Package Delivery Service Parcel Register Indicia Index to providers of United Parcel Service ("'''UPS'''") Registers {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Provider</u> ! <u>First type</u> ! <u>Last type</u> ! <u>Years</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | Pitney Bowes | PPS-AA01 | PPS-AA11, PPS-AA64 | | Also see PPS-AA64 at end |- | National Cash Register ("'''NCR'''") | PPS-AB12 | PPS-AB27, PPS-AB66 | | See also PPS-AB66 at end |- | POSTALIA | PPS-AC28 | | | |- | Friden / Singer | PPS-AD29 | PPS-AD38, PPS-AD65 | | See also PPS-AD65 at end |- | Hasler | PPS-AE39 | | | |- | Orbitran | PPS-AF40 | PPS-AF43 | | |- | Data Card | PPS-AG44 | PPS-AG48 | | |- | DIGI | PPS-AH49 | | | |- | TEC America | PPS-AI50 | PPS-AI54 | | |- | MOS Scales | PPS-AJ55 | | | |- | Maker Unknown | PPS-AK56 | PPS-AK58 | | |- | UPS Mail Innovations | PPS-AL59 | | | |- | UPS SUREPOST | PPS-AL60 | | | |- | UPS Ground | PPS-AL61 | | | |- | DEC Direct | PPS-AM62 | | | |- | Maker Unknown | PPS-AK63 | | | |- | Pitney Bowes (PB) | PPS-AA64 | | | Computer Generated |- | Friden Alcatel | PPS-AD65 | | | |- | National Cash Register (NCR) | PPS-AB66 | | | See also PPS-A12 thru PPS-A26 |- | Unknown | PPS-AL68 | | | UPS Mail Innovations |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AA01. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1958. {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}}[[File: PPS-A1.1.png|right|325px]] '''PPS-AA01.1 ''' Earliest known use 22 Oct 1958. :"''' UNITED PARCEL SERVICE'''" across the top, "DEPENDABLE DELIVERY" centered on shield below : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00: '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: 001367 ::: 001868 {{space|4}} NEW YORK [RRRR] ---- '''PPS-AA02. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1959. : Size of indicium is 46 x 22 mm. : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7|"''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.1''' Earliest known use 19 Jan 1959.[[File: PPS-A2.1.png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-AA02.1''', the words '''UNITED'''/''' PARCEL'''/'''SERVICE''' are 12 mm wide : The portion with the rectangular border is printed by the meter die and the UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE is on a slug. : Town name at the base of UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE. : ID# in 30000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30001 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: 30007 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: 30013 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30023 ::: 30026 ::: 30067 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30228 '''PPS-AA02.11''' Special commemorative slogan [[File: 22050701UPSScoutSlogan.png|right|350px]] :::"''' EXPLORING!/THE NEW PROGRAM/FOR BOYS OF/HIGH SCHOOL AGE/BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA'''" : ''Known usage'': ::: 30007 {{space|4}} CHICAGO {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.2'''[[File: PPS-A02.2 (30454).png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-AA02.2''', the words '''UNITED'''/''' PARCEL'''/'''SERVICE''' are 15 mm wide : The portion with the rectangular border is printed by the meter die and the UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE is on a slug. : Town name at the base of UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE. : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30059 {{space|4}} LOS ANGELES ::: 30061 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30071 {{space|4}} CINCINNATI ::: 30123 {{space|4}} CLEVELAND ::: 30246 {{space|4}} PENNA ::: 30336 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30454 {{space|4}} NEW YORK {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.3'''[[File: PPS-A2.3.png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-A02.3''', the abbreviation '''U'''/'''P'''/'''S''' is stacked. : The portion with the rectangular border is printed by the meter die and the U/P/S is on a slug. : State abbreviation or town name stacked to the left of '''U P S'''. : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30236 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: 30356 {{space|4}} N J {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.4'''[[File: PPS-A02.4 250530.png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-AA02.4''', there is no company identification : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30056 ::: 30306 ::: 30355 ::: 30356 ::: 30541 ---- '''PPS-AA03. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1959 : Size of indicium is 59 X 21 mm. : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA03.1''' [[File: PPS-A3.1.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 30000,31000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': :: 30754 :: 31086 {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)2a''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA03.2''' : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 31020 ---- '''PPS-AA04. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1959 : Size of indicium is 59 X 21 mm. : Date with parallel lines above and below : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} '''PPS-AA04.1'''[[File: PPS-A3.33.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 31000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 31408 {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)2b''' in 1995 edition''.}} ''''PPS-AA04.2''' [[File: PPS-A3.3.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 31000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 31477 ::: 31615 ::: 31616 ::: 31650 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA05. Pitney Bowes "5208"''', : Longer indicium : Parallel lines above and below date : Larger box around denomination : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} '''PPS-AA05.1'''[[File: PPS-A5.1.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 35000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) <br><br> ---- <br><br> '''PPS-AA06. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 99(1965)''".}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(D)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA06.1'''[[File: PPS-A6.1.png|right|325px]] : Line across the top of the indicium, line equal in width to the other lines. : ID# in 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Note: {{font|size=2|color=red|(''This type occurs as one of several subtypes below, it may be difficult to differentiate some of the higher dollar values''')}} {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 32100 | CT 615 | 18-977 | | | | | |- | 32274 | NJR 717 | 0-68-943 | | E | APR11'68 | R | |- | 32292 | | | | | | | |- | 32968 | NY R-717 | 1-59-457 | | A var | MAR-4'65 | R | |- | 33417 | KA 2820 | 6-90-066 | LENEXA | | | | |- | 33484 | IL 2317 | 6-29-568 | PEORIA | | | | |- | 33633 | NJ | 0-68-908 | | F | DEC-7'71 | Bk | |- | 34572 | NJ | 6-63-493 | PARAMUS | | | | |- | 34927 | PA 1317 | 1-85-416 | | | | | |- | 37992 | GA 1781 | 3-20-815 | | A | SEP17'71 | R | |- | 38808 | GA 1781 | 3-20-786 | | A | SEP 6'72 | R | |- | 40091 | NC 275 | 2-12-205 | RALEIGH | B | SEP21'71 | R | |- | 40397 | NC 1377 | 2-10-239 | | A var | | G | |} {{font/end}} <br><br> '''PPS-AA06.1-a'''{{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A06.1-aA.png|right|325px]] : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" omitted : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 37340 ::: 37667 {{space|4}} NC 1428 {{space|4}} 2-10-683 ::: 37747 '''PPS-AA06.1-b'''{{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A06.1-b.png|right|325px]] : With "'''U/P/S'''" and "'''N/J'''" arranged vertically to the left of the date. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 34209 {{space|4}} NJ R-767 {{space|4}} 0-68-951 {{space|4}} SECAUCUS <br><br> '''PPS-AA06.1-c'''{{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A06.1D.png|right|325px]] : No line across the top of the indicium : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Note: {{font|size=2|color=red|(''This type occurs as one of several subtypes, it may be difficult to differentiate some of the higher dollar values''')}} : '''Known usage''': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 38447 | NJ 767 | 0-68-956 | | | APR22'69 | G | |- | 38635 | OH | 4-79-613 | | C var | JAN21'72 | B | |- | 41300 | VA | 2-99-987 | ''FALLS CHURCH'' | B var | JUN10'77 | R | |} <br><br> '''PPS-AA06.2'''[[File: PPS-A06.2C.png|right|325px]] : No line across the top of the indicium : ID# in 32000, 33000, 34000, 38000 series : ID# in 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 46000 series : ID# in 66000, 67000, 68000, 69000 series : ID# in 90000, 91000, 92000 series : ID# in 4000000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter Number</u> ! <u>State Abbreviation</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 33367 | MD | 292-944 | | A | APR22'83 | R | |- | 33417 | KA 2820 | 6-90-066 | LENEXA | B var | JAN14'83 | R | |- | 33542 | PA | 2-40-981 | | B var | APR28'75 | R | |- | 33557 | NJ | 0-66-714 | | A var | OCT21'70 | R | |- | 33566 | | | | | | |- | 38131 | MO 2571 | 6-65-701 | | | | | |- | 40870 | CA | 917-178 | | A | JUL20'82 | R | |- | 41158 | MN | 5-60-502 | MINNEAPOLIS | | | | |- | 41255 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | JUN--'87 | R | |- | 41533 | NJ 818 | 0-68-564 | | A | SEP-2'70 | R | |- | 41533 | NJ 818 | 0-68-654 | | A | MAR-5'71 | Bk | |- | 41972 | NJ 1922? | 4-42-856 | NEW ALBANY | | | | |- | 43256 | CT | 0-47-220 | | | | | |- | 44189 | WV | 2-92-035 | GRAFTON | B | JAN13'82 | R | |- | 66096 | | | | | | | |- | 66405 | NC | 2-13-613 | | | | | |- | 66973 | CA | 9-34-399 | IRVINE | | | | |- | 67765 | | | | | | | |- | 68346 | NY R | 1-45-44 | NEW YORK | B | APR 1'75 | R | |- | 69235 | NC | 2-14-710 | GREENSBORO | B | NOV-3'80 | R | |- | 69772 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | DEC19'86 | R | |- | 90241 | | | | | | | |- | 91060 | NJ | 0-57-089 | (NEW YORK) | B var | MAR--'77 | R | |- | 91597 | NY | 1-45-414 | | B var | DEC23'75 | R | |- | 91597 | NY | 1-45-414 | | B var | MAR-8'76 | R | |- | 91890 | CT | 0-34-300 | | A | OCT21'82 | R | |- | 92150 | PA 1216 | 1-84-497 | | A | NOV27'84 | R | |- | 92375 | (IL) | (6-14-873) | (Addison, IL) | | DEC 8'85 | R | |- | 92948 | NY | 136-277 | | D | MAY 7'83 (?) | R | |- | 4000563 | NY R | 1-42-930 | | A | AUG26'76 | R | |- | 4000563 | NY R | 1-42-930 | | A | APR19'77 | R | |- | 4002033 | IN | 524-354 | | A | JAN19'88 | R | |- | 4003816 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | JUN--'87 | R | |- | 4005838 | UT | 840-136 | | D | JAN12'84 | R | |- | 4007172 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | APR10'87 | R | |- | 4007591 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | DEC--'87 | R | |- | 4009913 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | AUG--'87 | R | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA06.2-a''' : No line across the top of the indicium : Without F/V : ''Known usage'': ::: 69706 ::: 69709 ::: 69711 ::: 69713 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(E)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA07. Pitney Bowes Model 5301 Parcel Register on Model 5400 or 5500.''' : Similar to PPS-A06, the shield and package logo slightly smaller. : Indicium measures 49 X 18 mm. '''PPS-AA07.1'''[[File: PPS-A07.1.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ID# in 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000 series : ID# in 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 series : ID# in 61000, 62000, 63000, 64000, 65000 series : ID# in 70000, 71000 series : ID# in 90000, 93000, 94000, 95000, 96000, 97000, 98000, 99000 series : ID# in 101000 series : ID# in 4100000 series {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’:[[File: PPS-A07.1(45301).png|right|325px]] [[File: PPS-A07.1(35649).png|right|500px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 35649 | NJ 869 | 0-69-507 | | A var | APR24'70 | BK | Slog slot after indicium |- | 36142 | NJ | 0-62-553 | | | | | |- | 36741 | NJ R-767 | 0-64-399 | | A var | DEC-4'67 | R | |- | 37865 | NY 716 | 1-40-209 | | A var | AUG-9'71 | R | |- | 39685 | NY R-717 | 1-59-825 | | A var | MAR27'69 | R | |- | 45017 | NY RN | 1-42-091 | ROCKVILLE CENTRE | B var | OCT21'70 | R | |- | 45017 | NY RN | 1-42-091 | ROCKVILLE CENTRE | B var | FEB28'72 | R | |- | 45301 | NC/297 | 2-11-932 | MARS HILL | B | MAR24'70 | B | |- | 47201 | NYRN | 1-48-200 | | B | SEP25'90 | R | |- | 48934 | CA | 9-05-717 | WINDSOR | B | DEC14'70 | R | |- | 61379 | MD | 2-91-518 | BALTIMORE | | | | |- | 93146 | | | | | | | |- | 97871 | MA | 054-952 | [ANDOVER] | | AUG-2'90 | R | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA07.1-a'''{{space|4}} {{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" omitted : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 36248 '''PPS-AA07.1-b''' {{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A07.1-b.png|right|325px]] : Canadian style date : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 ''' {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 101610 {{space|4}} Michigan '''PPS-AA07.1-c''' {{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A07.1-c.png|right|325px]] : With "ten-dollar" figure as single wheel : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=4|''' 00.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}}} ) : ''Known usage'': ::: 4101320 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 919-246 '''PPS-AA07.2'''{{space|4}} {{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A07.2.png|right|500px]] : With an '''"X"''' in the Customer Identification Number. : (NOTE: This "X" signifies the machine was a public use as opposed to private) : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 46953 ::: 47205 {{space|4}} KY 1480 {{space|4}} CTR 1-20-X80 ::: 61061 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(F)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA08.''' Pitney Bowes (model unknown) Earliest known use 22 Jan 1973 : "'''UNITED PARCEL SERVICE'''" across top of indicium. : Two horizontal rows of two dots to left of indicium. : Indicium measures 49 X 18 mm. '''PPS-AA08.1-a'''[[File: PPS-A08.1 250111.png|right|325px]] : short date box, long dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 70111 | TX | 750-626 | DALLAS | | | | |- | 70144 | NJ | 068-650 | TRENTON | C | SEP30'74 | R | |- | 70286 | CA | 910-809 | LOS ANGELES | | SEP-6'74 | | |- | 70290 | WY | 820-010 | CHEYENNE | C var | AUG15'86 | Bk |- | 70293 | MS | 031-354 | | C var | JUL31'75 | R | Note unusual state abbreviation |- | 71629 | MC | 459-873 | JACKSON, MI | C | JUL10'79 | R |- |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA08.1-b''' [[File: PPS-A08.1-bA.png|right|325px]] : short date box, short dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 70310 | | | | | | | |- | 70746 | TX | 750-313 | | C | JUN30'82 | R | |- | 70798 | NJ | 067-906 | | | | | |- | 71067 | WI | 584-602 | | C | OCT13'86 | R | |- | 71283 | PA | 174-982 | PHILADELPHIA | C var | MAR26'76 | R | |- | 71650 | MS | 021-178 | LEOMINSTER, MA | C var | SEP16'83 | Bk? | Note unusual state abbreviation |- | 71926 | IL | 614-508 | | | | | |- | 73125 | NJ | 080-370 | PISCATAWAY | C var | OCT 9'82 | R | |- | 73942 | MA | 015-796 | | C | DEC15'82 | R | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA08.2-a''' : tall date box, long dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. '''PPS-AA08.2-b'''[[File: PPS-A08.2-b.png|right|325px]] : tall date box, short dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 74751 {{space|4}} MS {{space|4}} 011-154 {{space|4}} NEW BEDFORD ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(G)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA09.''' Pitney Bowes (model 5344) Earliest known use 19 Jan 1982 : "'''UNITED PARCEL SERVICE'''" across top of indicium. : Two horizontal rows of two dots to left of indicium. : Indicium measures 49 X 18 mm. '''PPS-AA09.1'''[[File: PPS-A09.1B.png|right|325px]] : ID# placed above date box. : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of long dashes at right of indicium. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad closely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 6201583 | IL | 613-765 | | C | DEC-3'87 | R | |- | 6206359 | | | | | OCT-7'87 | R | |- | 6210912 | NJ | 057-658 | | C var | JUN--'88 | R | DIRECT / RETURN |- | 6210912 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNEY | C var | APR--'88 | R | KEARNY misspelled |- | 6212180 | TX | 793-928 | | C var | MAR-6'91 | R | |- | 6214707 | IA | 543-700 | | | | | |- | 6218943 | IL | 622-320 | | | | | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA09.1-a''' {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A09.1-a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.000 '''{{space|4}} Triad closely stacked. Assembly error. : ''Known usage'': ::: 6218059 {{space|4}} NC {{space|4}} 218-383 '''PPS-AA09.2'''[[File: PPS-A09.2A.png|right|325px]] : ID# placed above date box. : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of short dashes at right of indicium. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad closely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} : '''Known usage''': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 6207682 | TN | 313-734 | | C | AUG26' 6 | R | |- | 6207682 | TN | 313-734 | | C | AUG27' 6 | R | |- | 6209564 | NY | 144-597 | | C var | JAN-7'87 | R | |- | 6212180 | TX | 793-928 | | C var | MAR-6'91 | R | |- | 6210953 | OH | 472-322 | WICKLIFFE | | | | |- | 6221629 | IL | 607-611 | | C var | JUN--'92 | R | "DIRECT / RETURN" slug at left |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA09.3'''[[File: PPS-A09.3 6203431.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of short dashes at right of indicium : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} : '''Known usage''': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 6201275 | OH | 487-075 | | | FEB11'83 | | |- | 6201334 | IL | 610-994 | | | | | |- | 6203431 | | | | C | MAR28'89 | R | |- | 6203680 | WI | 582-409 | | C | APR13'84 | R | |- | 6204665 | MA | 037-250 | MARLBORO, MA | C var | JUN26'86 | R | |- | 6204907 | NC | 212-185 | | C var | NOV13'89 | R | |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AA09.4'''[[File: PPS-A09.4.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of long dashes at right of indicium : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(H)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA10.''' Pitney Bowes Register Model 5712 "Touchmatic Parcel Register" on Model 5840 mailing machine. Earliest known use 19 Mar 1971[[File: PPS-A10.png|right|325px]] : Date to left of UPS shield : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" below shield : ID# in 1900000 series in upper right corner : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. : ''Known usage'': ::: 1900747 {{space|4}} VA {{space|4}} 2-93-418 ::: 1902794 {{space|4}} OR {{space|4}} 946-543 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(H)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA11.''' Pitney Bowes Register Model 5712 "Touchmatic Parcel Register" on Model 5840 mailing machine. Earliest known use 13 Dec 1974 [RRR][[File: PPS-A11.png|right|325px]] : Date to left of UPS shield within single circle townmark. : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" below shield : ID# in 1900000 series in upper right corner, 1900172 and 1902011 only numbers known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. : ''Known usage'': ::: 1900172 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-39-841 {{space|4}} San Diego ::: 1092011 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''I(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA64'''{{space|4}}"'''Pitney Bowes (Computer Generated)'''"{{space|5}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AA64.1''' Customer identification number at top alone [[File: PPS-A54.2.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: EKU 8 MAR 1990 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}619-886 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AA64.2''' Customer identification number at top alone [[File: PPS-A54.3.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>F/V</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | G141506 | LA | 710-253 | | $1.64 | OCT 9'89 | Bk | |- | G144820 | PA | 258-281 | | $3.91 | MAR 16'92 | Bk | |- | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Square shaped, dimensions will vary {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12.01''' National Cash Register (NCR).{{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : Town name followed by "'''UPS'''" and machine number : Date at top : Denomination with line below : below line "this package delivered by/UNITED PARCEL / SERVICE" : Color: Purple print on light yellow paper : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple print on salmon pink paper '''PPS-AB12.01a.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-A12.01b.''' [[File: PPS-A12.01b 250508.png|right|300px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': :::110 {{space|4}} CHICAGO, ILL <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.01c.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.01d.''' : As PPS-A12.01b without the line between value and Corporate Identification : Mentioned in "Hawkins 1995." : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Town name followed by machine number : Date at top : "'''UNITED / PARCEL / SERVICE'''" followed by eight lines : Color: Purple print on salmon pink paper : Color: Purple print on orange-brownish red paper <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.02a.''' [[File: PPS-A12(02)a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: 136 {{space|4}} CHICAGO <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.02b.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB12.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : machine number only : Date at top : "'''UNITED / PARCEL / SERVICE'''" followed by eight lines : ''Known usage'': ::: 156 <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A12(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UNITED / PARCEL / SERVICE'''" immediately above denomination : Color: Purple print on salmon-pink paper : Color: Purple print on orangish-brown paper <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.04a.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: ICC IL / 2115 {{space|4}} F39004 <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.04b.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.04c.''' [[File: PPS-A12.04c 250508.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB13.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font immediately above denomination : Color: Purple print on white paper : Color: Purple print on salmon pink paper : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple print on gray paper : Color: Purple print on rose pink paper '''PPS-AB13.01a'''[[File: PPS-A13(01).png|right|325px]] : F/V .00 : ''Known usage'': ::: ICC IL / 2115 {{space|4}} A29-999 ::: IL / 2115 {{space|9}} 6-29-765 <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB13.01b'''[[File: PPS-A12.04b 250508.png|right|325px]] : F/V -.00 : ''Known usage'': ::: IL / 2115 {{space|9}} 6-29-765 <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB13.01c''' : F/V -0.00 <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AB13.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A13(02).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Serif font immediately above denomination : ''Known usage'': ::: MN / 2659 {{space|4}} 5-62-993 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)6''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB13.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A13(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" San Serif font preceded and followed by dashes, immediately above denomination : F/V -0.00 : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple print on white paper : Color: Purple print on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} 6-29-978 ---- '''PPS-AB14.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font twice with local data between, immediately above denomination : Gripper marks can be seen on upper left : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on canary yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: One bicolor register known : Note: {{font|size=2|color=red|(''This type occurs as one of four subtypes below, it may be difficult to differentiate some of the higher dollar values''')}} '''PPS-AB14.01.1'''[[File: PPS-A14(01)a2.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : '''Known Usage:''' ::: {{space|4}} MD-1020 {{space|4}} 2-95-095 ::: {{space|4}} NY-R717 {{space|4}} 1-59-386 ::: {{space|4}} PA-1018 {{space|4.5}} 1-74-593 '''PPS-AB14.01.2''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-A14.01.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.01.4''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)13''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A14(02)AA.png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font twice with local data between, immediately above denomination : Delivery message at bottom: "'''IF RECEIVER IS NOT / AVAILABLE - DELIVER AND / USE RELEASE No. 718'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)9''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : Date at top : "'''UPS---UPS'''" at center below date : Gripper marks can be seen vertically on the left side : Color: Purple print on yellow paper : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper '''PPS-AB14.03.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.03.2''' [[File: PPS-A14(02)B.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}nil '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH- {{space|4}} 4-83-611 \ ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)6''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font with local data either side, immediately above denomination : Gripper marks can be seen on upper left : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper '''PPS-AB14.04.1'''[[File: PPS-A14(02)a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6-29-873 '''PPS-AB14.04.2''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.04.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)7''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.05''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font with local data either side, immediately below denomination : Gripper marks can be seen on upper left : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper '''PPS-AB14.05.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.05.2'''[[File: PPS-A14(03)a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6-11-557 '''PPS-AB14.05.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)15''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.06''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A14(06).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font either side of state abbreviation, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} MO {{space|4}} 6-65-0?? ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)8''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB15''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A15.png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''THANK YOU'''" at the center above denomination : UPS shield package logo at bottom left : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Colors: Purple print on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} AR / R {{space|4}} 7 16 328 ---- ---- '''PPS-A16''' National Cash Register (NCR). ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)14''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font followed by state abbreviation, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL 2222 {{space|4}} 6-16-995 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)16''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.2''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(02).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''DRIVER SHEET THIS NUMBER'''" : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font followed by state abbreviation, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} in red : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} NY-717 {{space|4}} 1-40-313 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)18''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.3''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : User's address and customer identification number at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} 9-29-890 {{space|4}} LOS ANGELES - ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)22''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.4''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(04).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font followed by state abbreviation and parcel post zone number, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} WA 5553 {{space|4}} 9-41-277 ---- ---- '''PPS-AB17''' National Cash Register (NCR). ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)10''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : below date, State abbreviation and customer identification number : gripper marks can be seen vertically at left : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} TN {{space|4}} 3-11-030 {{space|4}} TRENTON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)12''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(02).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : Delivery charges across the middle : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on salmon paper '''PPS-AB17.02a''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB17.02b''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)19''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(04).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : User's address and customer identification number at the bottom : Beneath is "'''UPS'''" both sides state abreviation : At bottom "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yello paper ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)23''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.05''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(05).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-98-749 {{space|4}} BANNING ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)24''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.06''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(06).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''-1974'''" : "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" beneath horizontal line : At bottom is "'''N.E.'''" in large letters : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Bicolor IMPRINT : Color: Purple on GOLDENROD paper ---- '''PPS-AB17.07''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Date at top : Customer identification number appears at the bottom preceded by state abbreviation : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper '''PPS-AB17.07a'''[[File: PPS-A17(07).png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB17.07b''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)26''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.08''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(08).png|right|325px]] : small customer identification number at top : User's name and address appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)27''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.09''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(09).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : Customer identification number preceded by state abbreviation appears below date : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0000.00 -ADULTS'''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-29-660 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)17''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.11''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : state abbreviation followed by customer identification number , immediately below denomination : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" AT BOTTOM : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on GOLDENROD paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 4-73-986 {{space|4}} TIPP CITY ---- ---- '''PPS-A18''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Rectangular label with UPS shield and package logo at top. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at center : Above date is the customer identification number : gripper marks can be seen vertically at left : "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : Below that "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} 1-29-815 {{space|4}} AMSTERDAM, NY ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : Date at center : Above date is V/F : Below date is the customer identification number : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on pale yellow paper '''PPS-AB18.02.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00'''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB18.02.2'''[[File: PPS-A18(02)b 240811.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00'''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} TN {{space|4}} 3-11-030 {{space|4}} TRENTON ::: {{space|4}} GA {{space|4}} 3-24-403 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} MI {{space|5}} 4-59-945 {{space|4}} LIVONIA ::: {{space|4}} IA {{space|5}} 5-30-672 {{space|4}} MARSHALLTOWN ::: {{space|4}} WI {{space|4}} 5-89-840 {{space|4}} MILWAUKEE <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB18.02.3'''[[File: PPS-A18(02)c.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00'''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|10}} CT {{space|4}} 0-18-865 {{space|4}} GOSHEN, CT ::: {{space|10}} VA {{space|4}} 2-97-417 {{space|4}} WINCHESTER, VA <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB18.02.4''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00'''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-A18.02.5''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--0.00'''{{space|4}} <br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1a''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(03).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom without box ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1b''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(04).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : Without "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1d''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.05''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(05).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : User's return address is replaced with "'''IF RECEIVED IS NOT / AVAILABLE - DELIVER AND / USE RELEASE NO. ____'''" ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.06''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom does not include Company name, only address. '''PPS-AB18.06.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00'''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB18.06.2''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00'''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB18.06.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00'''{{space|4}} [[File: PPS-A18(06).png|right|250px]] : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} 6-13-678 {{space|4}} CHICAGO '''PPS-AB18.06.4''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--0.00'''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)2a''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.07''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(07).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(06)''' : No box around return address ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.08''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(08).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : Without box containing local return address at bottom : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Light blue on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 922-537 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.09''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(09).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(07)''' : Date at center : Above date is F/V : Above F/V "'''Clerk Amount Trans No.'''" : "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : Below that "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IA {{space|4}} 5-31-256 {{space|4}} PEOSTA ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)5''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.10.''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(10).png|right|325px]] : Similar to '''PPS-A18(04)''' : Date at center : Above date is F/V : Above box at bottom is "UPS" flanked by state abbreviation : Box with customer identification number at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 499-305 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)6''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.11''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(11).png|right|325px]] : Similar to '''PPS-AB18.10.''' : Date at center : Above date is F/V : "'''Acct. #'''" above customer ID number : Customer identification number at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 499-344? {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(N)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.12''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(12).png|right|325px]] : "UPS" Shield at top : Customer identification number at below shield : At center is F/V : At base up arrow, foloowed by "''' ALSO SHEET / THIS NUMBER'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 9-70-X04 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(P)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.13''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}}}} [[File: PPS-A18(13).png|right|325px]] : "UPS" Shield at top : At center is F/V : At base is handwritten customer identification number : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 1-90-X70 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(R)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.14.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(14)1.png|right|325px]] : : At center is F/V : Below F/V is date : At base is customer identification number : Above customer identification number is "UPS" shield : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} WA {{space|4}} 9-73-031 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB18.14.2B''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}}}} [[File: PPS-A18(14)1.png|right|325px]] : As "'''PPS-A18(14)1''' : With user's address at top ---- ---- '''PPS-AB19''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Rectangular label with UPS shield and package logo at top. : Control Number Box located in lower portion of label : Label dimensions vary from 48 x72mm to 48 x 75mm ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(E)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.01.''' National Cash Register (NCR). "'''EKU'''" 27 NOV 1974 [[File: PPS-A19(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box : State abbreviation preceded customer Identification number : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-NNN, N-NN-NNN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 470X70 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB19.02.''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A19(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box : State abbreviation preceded customer Identification number : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-NNN, N-NN-NNN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : Local return address with or without "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-59-920 {{space|4}} BURLINGAME ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(E)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.03.''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-NNN, N-NN-NNN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : Local return address with or without "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper '''PPS-AB19.03.1'''[[File: PPS-A19(03)1.png|right|300px]] : "'''ups'''" in lower case preceding customer Identification number : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|8}} {{space|4}} 910X28 {{space|4}} '''PPS-AB19.03.2''' : "'''ups'''" in lower case followed by "'''R'''" preceding customer Identification number '''PPS-AB19.03.3''' : "'''ups'''" in lower case followed by state abbreviation preceding customer Identification number '''PPS-AB19.03.4''' : "'''ups'''" in upper case preceding customer Identification number '''PPS-AB19.03.5'''[[File: PPS-A19(03)5.png|right|300px]] : "'''N.Y.R.N.'''" in upper case preceding customer Identification number : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} N.Y.R.N. {{space|4}} 149X48 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(E)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.04.''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number only in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN x NNN, NNN-X-NN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|8}} {{space|4}} 448-X-02 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(V)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.05.''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: 2PPS-A19(05).png|right|300px]] : Local Return address at top, no shield : Date at bottom right : Above date is the customer identification number in control box, below ID number in box is "'''ALSO SHEET THIS NO.'''" : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN x NNN, NNN-X-NN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} above control box. : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CL {{space|4}} 800-184 {{space|4}} DENVER ::: {{space|4}} CL {{space|4}} 802-754 {{space|4}} BROOMFIELD <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(S)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.06.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). : At top is the customer identification number in control box, below ID number in box is "'''ALSO SHEET THIS NO.'''" : Date at center : Relatively small "UPS" logo shield at center below date : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple and red on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Gray on white paper ---- '''PPS-AB19.06.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A19(06)1.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.1A''' no local return address <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.1B''' with local return address at bottom <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AB19.06.2''' National Cash Register (NCR). : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB19.06.2A''' no local return address[[File: PPS-A19.06.2A 250424.png|right|325px]] : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} AL {{space|4}} 3-35-113 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.2B''' with local return address at bottom[[File: PPS-A19.06.2 250424.png|right|325px]] <br><br><br><br> : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} WI? {{space|4}} ?-?9-859 {{space|4}} HUDSON <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AB19.06.3''' National Cash Register (NCR). : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.3A''' Relatively small "UPS" logo shield at center below date <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.3B''' Relatively large "UPS" logo shield at bottom [[File: PPS-A19(06)3.png|right|325px]] : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} UT {{space|4}} 8-40-289 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(F)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB20.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number only in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-X-NN'''" : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on pale yellow paper '''PPS-AB20.1-1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB20.1-2'''[[File: PPS-A20(01)2.png|right|300px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-00.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 470x71 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB20.2'''[[File: PPS-A20(02).png|right|300px]] : As "'''PPS-AB20.1-2'''" with return address at top center. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on pale yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IA {{space|4}} 5-31-114 {{space|4}} Des Moines <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(F)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB20.3''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A20(033).png|right|300px]] : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number preceded by "'''ups'''" in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN '''" : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=4|}}'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} ups {{space|4}} 470X70 {{space|4}} <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue| unlisted in ''Hawkins 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB20.4''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A20.4.png|right|300px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-AB20.3'''" but without "UPS" shield at the top. : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number preceded by "'''ups'''" in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN '''" : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=4|}}'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} ups {{space|4}} 771X11 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- '''PPS-AB21''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(G)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.1''' [[File: PPS-A21.png|right|300px]] : relatively large UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} A {{space|4}} 541-147 {{space|4}} <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(J)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.2''' [[File: PPS-A21(02).png|right|300px]] : small UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|8}} {{space|4}} 019-X50 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} MI {{space|4}} 450-X01 {{space|4}} <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(T)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.3''' [[File: PPS-A21(03).png|right|300px]] : "Local Return Address" at top without UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6●07●000 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 651●402 {{space|7}} ELK GROVE VILLAGE <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(T)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.4''' [[File: PPS-A21.4-.png|right|300px]] : Without "Local Return Address" heading at top : Without UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 651●482 {{space|4}} ELK GROVE VILLAGE <br><br><br> ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(H)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB22''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Small control number box at top : UPS shield logo below box : Date at center : State abbreviation and customer identification number appear near bottom above "'''also sheet this no.'''" : Local return address at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} MO {{space|4}} 665-267 {{space|4}} MARYLAND HTS ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(I)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB23''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Control number box at top with State abbreviation and customer identification number : UPS shield logo below box : Date at center : appear near bottom above "'''also sheet this no.'''" : Local return address at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 4-74-964 {{space|4}} TALLMADGE ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(K)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB24''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A24.png|right|300px]] : Control number box at top with State abbreviation , customer identification number, UPS shield logo AND "'''ALSO SHEET THIS NUMBER'''" : Date at center : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN '''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}★000.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OR {{space|4}} 945x20 {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(L)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB25''' National Cash Register (NCR). ---- '''PPS-AB25.01'''[[File: PPS-A25(01).png|right|300px]] : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom above date : UPS shield logo at top left with local return address to right : Date at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 629-905 {{space|4}} McGAW PARK ---- '''PPS-AB25.02'''[[File: PPS-A25(02).png|right|300px]] : As '''PPS-AB25.01''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom above date : At top is local return address : Date at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} AZ {{space|4}} 878-880 {{space|4}} TEMPE ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(Q)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB26''' National Cash Register (NCR). :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A67'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.01'''[[File: PPS-A26(01).png|right|300px]] : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom above rectangle. : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom enclosed in a rectangle : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} B {{space|4}} 611-558 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB26.02.1''' : As '''PPS-AB26.01''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom BELOW the logo : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom NOT enclosed in a rectangle : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper ---- '''PPS-AB26.02.2''' : As '''PPS-AB26.01''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom ABOVE the logo : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom NOT enclosed in a rectangle : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper ---- '''PPS-AB26.02.3''' : As '''PPS-AB26.02.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom BELOW the logo : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom NOT enclosed in a rectangle : Local Return Address at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.1'''[[File: PPS-A26(03)1.png|right|250px]] : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : "UPS" shield logo at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} MO {{space|4}} 6-66-610 {{space|4}} ST. LOUIS :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.2''' : As '''PPS-AB26.03.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : "UPS" shield logo at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.3''' : As '''PPS-AB26.03.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : "UPS" shield logo at bottom : With additional local return address at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.4''' : As '''PPS-AB26.03.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : Without "UPS" shield logo at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(O)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB26.04'''[[File: PPS-A26(04).png|right|250px]] : Boxed state abbreviation and customer identification number at top with "UPS" logo. : At base is local return address : Date at center below denomination : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 643-776 {{space|4}} DEERFIELD :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(X)7''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB27.0''' National Cash Register. : Customer ID number at top : Denomination below : Date : "'''UPS OH-1820 UPS'''" : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(X)7''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB27.1''' National Cash Register. [[File: PPS-A27.1 250320.png|right|250px]] : Customer ID number at top : Denomination below : Date : "'''UPS OH-1820 UPS'''" : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(W)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB66.0'''{{space|4}}"'''National Cash Register''' ("'''NCR'''"){{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A66.0.png|right|200px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Date : {{space|15}} Customer identification number at center below date : Return address within box at bottom <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB66.1'''{{space|4}}"'''National Cash Register''' ("'''NCR'''"){{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A66.1.png|right|200px]] : {{space|15}} Customer identification number at center below date : {{space|15}} Return address within box at top below customer identification number : {{space|15}} F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : {{space|15}} Date : {{space|15}} Customer identification number repeated at bottom <br><br><br><br> </div> ---- '''PPS-AC28''' Postalia. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''C(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AC28.01'''[[File: PPS-A28(01)Z2.png|right|325px]] : UPS shield logo at center, : date to left of logo : F/V to right of logo : Machine numbers (0004-1726) at right above F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left below date : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), : Color: {{space|4}} Blue, Green, Purple (R) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 0969 Po {{space|4}} OH-1715 {{space|4}} 4-73-232 {{space|4}} Blue ::: {{space|4}} 1066 Po {{space|4}} NY {{space|13.5}} 1-59-517 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 1138 Po {{space|4}} OH-1716 {{space|4}} 4-74-580 {{space|4}} Red ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''C(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AC28.02A'''[[File: PPS-A28(02)A.png|right|325px]] : Similar to "PPS-AC28.01" : UPS shield logo at center, : date to left of logo : F/V to right of logo : Larger machine numbers (650000, 651000) at right above F/V : "Po" at right below F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left below date : EKU 24 MAY 1976 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 650261 {{space|4}} NYR {{space|4}} 1-40-566 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''C(B)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AC28.02B'''[[File: PPS-A28(02)B.png|right|325px]] R : Similar to "PPS-A28(01)" : UPS shield logo at center, : date to left of logo : F/V to right of logo : Larger machine numbers at right above F/V : Number Series : 404000, 407000, 410000, 413000, 416000,420000-424000, 426000 : "Po" at right below F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left below date : EKU 16 MAY 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}} 00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 407393 {{space|4}} CL {{space|4}} 8-01-847 {{space|4}} FORT COLLINS ----* ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD29'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''" {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A29.png|right|450px]] : Single line date within double-circle town mark at left is a separate die : UPS shield logo at center, : F/V to right of logo : Identification numbers at right below F/V : Number Series : 005117 (only number known) : "FRIDEN" at right above F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left : Mechanical Register Model UP-6 on Mailing Machine Model 410 or 420, dual printhead mechanism. : EKU 6 DEC 1973 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red? : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 005117 {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 4-76-236 {{space|4}} AKRON [misalignment on dual printhead] ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(A)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD30''' {{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A30.png|right|400px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD29" : Single line date between 2 lines at left : UPS shield logo at center, : F/V to right of logo : Identification numbers at right below F/V : Number Series : 005177-005529 : "FRIDEN" at right above F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left : Mechanical Register Model UP-6 on Mailing Machine Model 410 or 420, dual printhead mechanism. : EKU 27 MAY 1969 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red : '''Note''': lines above and below date as well as the arrows in date may be missing, perhaps due to incomplete inking or die sinkage.[[File: PPS-AD30 250718.png|right|400px]] {{font/top|size=2}} :’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 5075 | NC | 2-11-671 | | A var | MAY17'71 | R | missing lines above and below date |- | 5189 | GA | 3-24-571 | | | FEB 8'72 | | |- | 5335 | IL | 6-29-813 | CHICAGO | | | | Known with "slogan" inverted |- | 5376 | NC | 2-11-671 | | | MAR17'70 | R | Customer data in a separate handstamp, missing lines above and below date |- | 5434 | MC | 4-53-297 | | | | | |- | 5533 | NC 1130 | 2-11-671 | | A var | DEC 6'71 | R | missing lines above and below date |} {{font/end}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD31.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-AD31.1A 250718.png|right|350px]] : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at right of F/V box : date to left of F/V box, : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "FRIDEN" followed by ID number : '''Long line''' below date and ID number : Number Series : 001000, 002000, 003000, and 04000(RRRR) : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010, Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 AUG 1968 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Black : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 001368 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-52-130 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} (Missing "UNITED") ::: {{space|4}} 001669 {{space|4}} WI {{space|4}} 5-89-986 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 002788 {{space|4}} MN {{space|4}} 565-636 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 003818 {{space|4}} MS {{space|4}} 026-983 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} (Missing box around F/V) ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD31.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A31(01)2.png|right|450px]] : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at right of F/V box : date to left of F/V box, : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "FRIDEN" followed by ID number : '''short line''' below ID number only : Number Series : 001000, 002000, 003000, and 04000(RRRR) : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010, Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 AUG 1968 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 002508 {{space|4}} PA {{space|4}} 184-945 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AD31.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A31(02).png|right|450px]] : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at right of F/V box : date to left of F/V box, : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Number Series : 002000, 003000 : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010, Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 002263 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 966-690 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 002645 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 002910 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 003017 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A32(01).png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "FRIDEN" followed by ID number : Number Series : 5070000 : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010,9112, 9120, or 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 3 MAR 1972 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine, no triad with dollar values) : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Black : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 5070012 {{space|4}} GA {{space|4}} 3-22-078 {{space|4}} ATLANTA {{space|4}} (Known with "Alanta") ::: {{space|4}} 5070114 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-05-287 {{space|4}} SO SAN FRANCISCO ::: {{space|4}} 5070329 {{space|4}} VA {{space|4}} 2-88-737 {{space|4}} BEDFORD ::: {{space|4}} 5070383 {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6-29-551 {{space|4}} HEBRON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(A)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(02)AA.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9010,9112, 9120, or 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 09 JUN 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(B)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2B1'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(02)B1.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9010,9112, 9120, or 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 09 JUN 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(B)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2B2'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(02)B2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box, : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), Black {{font/top|size=2}} ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 8400350 | MN | 561-638 | | | | | |- | 8400885 | TX | 751-200 | IRVING | | | | |- | 8401538 | WI | 582-420 | | | JUL 8'82 | R | |- | 8410928 | WI | 575-956 | | C var | APR 21'87 | R | |- | 8412149 | CT | 018-152 | | C var | FEB 13'86 | R | |- | 8417143 | NJ | 061-395 | MAHWAH | C var | DEC26'88 | R | |} {{font/end}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(B)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2B3'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A32(02)B3a.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8410000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), Black {{font/top|size=2}} ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 8410020 | CA | 929-768 | | | | | |- | 8410101 | TX | 756-909 | Arlington | | SEP 14'82 | Bk | |- | 8410399 | NC | 203-303 | | C | FEB28'85 | R | |} {{font/end}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.3A1'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A1.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8300000 : Mechanical Register Model 9253 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 8 JUL 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 8300056 {{space|4}} CT {{space|4}} 017-143 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)3(A)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.3A2'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8310000 : Mechanical Register Model 9253 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 1 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)4(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD33.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A33(01).png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 3 FEB 1978 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), Black {{font/top|size=2}} ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 4000073 | PA | 174-683 | NO. WALES | C Var | APR 4'78 | | |- | 4000342 | CT | 051-327 | AVON | C var | MAR 8'79 | Bk | |- | 4000619 | UT | 841-215 | SALT LAKE CITY | C var | DEC22'78 | | May be missing frame around date, |- | 4000660 | NJ | 068-972 | CLIFTON | C var | JAN10'79 | Bk | |- | 4000753 | GA | 328-885 | WARNER ROBINS | C var | JAN31'83 | R | Robins AFB |} {{font/end}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)4(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD33.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A33(02)A.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 5 MAR 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)3(A)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD33.2B'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 1 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)5(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD34.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)5(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD34.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A34(02).png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 4 JAN 1978 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 6000026 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-28-348 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A35.1A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 21 NOV 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(A)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A36(01)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}8400630{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}159-794 {{space|4}} HICKSVILLE ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A36(02)A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 21 NOV 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(B)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.2B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A36(02)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 12 NOV 1982 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(C)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.3A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 29 JUL 1982 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(C)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.3B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A35(03)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" i ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8310000 : Mechanical Register Model 9253 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 14 MAR 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)8 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.3C'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A35(03)C.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35.3B" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, within single circle Town Mark : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" i ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 30 OCT 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}8400686{{space|4}}PA {{space|4}}167-876 {{space|4}} PITTSTON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}}[[File: PPS-A36(01)A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(C)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}}}[[File: PPS-A36(01)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A36(02)A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(B)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.2B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A36(02)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wIDE triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD37.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A37(01)A.png|right|700px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number preceded by "'''SINGER'''" : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 5070000 : Mechanical Register Model 9233 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}.00 ≋'''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wide triad before and after denomination. : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}5071505{{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 474-775 {{space|4}} COMLUMBUS [note spelling error] ---- '''PPS-AD37.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} : As "PPS-AD37.1A" : Four sets of 4 dashes stacked at left : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)10 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD37.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "PPS-AD37.1 : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}.00 ≋'''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wide triad before and after denomination. : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AD37.2B'''{{space|4}} {{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A37(02)B.png|right|450px]] : As "PPS-AD37.1B" : Four sets of 4 dashes stacked at left : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}5072296{{space|4}} WI {{space|4}}582-537 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)11 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD37.3'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "PPS-AD37.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number preceded by "'''Friden'''" : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 5070000 : Mechanical Register Model 9233 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}.00 ≋'''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wide triad before and after denomination. : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}5071900{{space|4}}NC {{space|4}}209-711 {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden Alcatel'''"{{space|5}} : This group is printed on pressure sensitive paper and is characterized by large rectangular box, : containing the state abbreviation, customer identification number, and thee wording 'PKG ID#", : and a "'''red-on-white'''" UPS shield and package logo to the right. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.11A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ {{space|4}}070-635 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.11B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}130-816 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.12A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.12B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL {{space|4}}641-360 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.21A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "'''PPS-AD38.11A'''" : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ {{space|4}}070-635 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.21B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "'''PPS-AD38.11B'''" : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}130-816 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.22A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "'''PPS-AD38.12A'''" : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.22B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''Unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD65'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden Alcatel'''"{{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A65 250111.png|right|500px]] : {{space|15}} Horizontal Label divided into three sections, similar to "'''A45'''" and "'''A62'''" : {{space|15}} Left section with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" : {{space|15}} Customer identification number at top of center section box, "'''PKG ID'''" AT bottom : {{space|15}} Right section with "'''Friden / Alcatel'''" vertically, with "'''UPS'''" emblem to the right, date at top : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WA{{space|4}}787-401 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''E''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AE39'''{{space|4}}"'''Hasler'''"{{space|5}} : The indicium is a rectangular box divided by two horizontal lines. : "'''United Parcel Service'''" appears in the top section. : The "UPS shield and parcel" logo appears at the left of the center section : followed by the F/V and then by 3 stacked vertical lines. : The bottom section contains the unit identification number preceded by "'''H'''" ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''E(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AE39.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Hasler'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A39.1.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 37 x 27.5mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo : Number Series : 300000, 2100000, 2200000, 2300000, 2400000, 2500000, and 2600000 : Mechanical Register Model 2413U UPS on Mailing Machine Model 202S or 204S. : EKU 9 DEC 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine)}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : Color: {{space|4}} Blue ({{font|size=3|color=blue|RR}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}2283962{{space|4}}MA {{space|4}}015-813 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}2484669{{space|4}}WA {{space|4}}940-842 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''E(A)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AE39.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Hasler'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RRRR}}) [[File: PPS-A39(02).png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 44 x 32.5mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo : Number Series : 2131708 or 2161271 (only ones known). : Mechanical Register Model 2413U UPS on Mailing Machine Model 202S or 204S. : EKU 9 DEC 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3>'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine)}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}2131708{{space|4}}CT {{space|4}}0-41-533 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}2161271{{space|4}}CA {{space|4}}9-51-998 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AF40'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RRRRR}}) : Rectangular with 2 vertical lines at each side outside the rectangle. : Rectangular box divided into two sections, top and bottom. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.11.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A40.1(A)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET THIS / NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in two lines below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 26 JAN 1976 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA {{space|4}}959-927 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.11.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A40.1(A)2.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET THIS / NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 5 MAR 1979 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MD {{space|4}}295-955 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}RI {{space|4}}031-767 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.12.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) [[File: PPS-A40.1(B)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET THIS / NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines above box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 28 APR 1977 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ {{space|4}}068-969 {{space|4}} EAST HANOVER NJ ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)4a ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.21.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) [[File: PPS-A40.2(A)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines split between above and below box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 17 APR 1980 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}159-470 {{space|4}} WOODBURY NY ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)4b ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.21.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines split between above and below box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)5 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.22.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) [[File: PPS-A40.2(B)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines above box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 2 MAY 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WI {{space|4}}584-661 {{space|4}} MILWAUKEE WI ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA {{space|4}}995-206 {{space|4}} CERRITOS CA ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)6a ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.23.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.2(C)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 26 JAN 1979 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY/RN {{space|4}}163-215 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX {{space|7}}750-649 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|1=''Hawkins Type '''F(A)6b ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.23.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|(R)}}) : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 26 JAN 1979 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)7 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.31'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.3(A).png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET NO.'''" : There is an additional section below with "'''SIGNATURE RELEASE NO'''" : Below this section is a line with local retail delivery area : Date and weight in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 23 AUG 1978 : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY/RETAIL{{space|4}}147-460 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY/RETAIL{{space|4}}191-517 {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|color=orange|"'''NOTE'''" There appear to be several varieties of this type, potential for subdivision.}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)8 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)3.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 23 AUG 1978 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Black : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}629-826 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}650-363 {{space|4}} DES PLAINES IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)2.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 2 FEB 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}PA{{space|4}}165-882 {{space|4}} EMMAUS PA ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}GA{{space|4}}385-317 {{space|4}} CARTERSVILLE GA ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}610-181 {{space|4}} ELK GROVE IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.3'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.2''' but no F/V : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and weight in lbs. in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)11 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.4'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)4.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 6 JUN 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}068-992 {{space|4}} SECAUCUS NJ ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA{{space|4}}959-187 {{space|4}} SAN FRANCISCO CA ---- '''PPS-A40.4(A)5'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)5.png|right|350px]] : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.4''' but without box : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : At top are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 13 MAY 1983 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Violet ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)10 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.42'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(B).png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-A40.4(A)1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 16 FEB 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MA{{space|4}}015-918 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}750-649 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)13 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.43'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Middle line "'''SIGNATURE REQUIRED'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 6 JUN 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF41'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With short "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU 6 JUN 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-A41.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A41.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NH{{space|4}}028-528 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}062-743 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}756-544 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF41.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}062-743 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF41.12''' with weight in place of F/V.[[File: PPS-A41.1b.png|right|350px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA{{space|4}}885-613 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF41.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box.[[File: PPS-A41.2.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MO{{space|4}}668-961 {{space|4}} JEFF CITY, MO ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NV{{space|4}}873-199 {{space|4}} SPARKS, NV ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF42'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With large "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A42.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}DE{{space|4}}199-939 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}629-906 {{space|4}} MC GAW PARK, IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF43'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With no manufacturer name above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF43.1''' Short 75x32mm : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG44'''{{space|4}}"'''Data Card'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With small "'''DATA CARD'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A44.1B.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MA{{space|4}}015-838 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}782-900 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box.[[File: PPS-A44.2.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TN{{space|4}}307-201 {{space|4}} DRESDEN, TN ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG45'''{{space|4}}"'''Data Card'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With large "'''DATA CARD'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A45.1.png|right|350px]] :: {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MI{{space|4}}416-970 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V.[[File: PPS-A45.1a.png|right|350px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MA{{space|4}}028-260 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box.[[File: PPS-A45.2.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}629-906 {{space|4}} MC GAW PARK, IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG46'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With large "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU 14 MAY 1985 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.1''' Short: 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A46.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}065-248 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.2''' Long: 122x32mm with "''' RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box[[File: PPS-A46.2.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}774-637 {{space|4}} FORT WORTH ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG47'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Without large "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG48'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box without bottom frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.1''' Short: 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A48.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MI{{space|4}}415-560 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.2''' Long: 120x32mm with "''' RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box[[File: PPS-A48.2.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}VA{{space|4}}200-437 {{space|4}} SPRINGFIELD, VA : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.21''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V.[[File: PPS-A48.2a.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}060-366 {{space|4}} S. BRNSWK, NJ ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG49'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-AG49 250903.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box with bottom frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : "'''UPS'''" shield to right of box : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line with "'''PKG ID #'''" centered in box : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU 06 MAY 1990 : "MANIFEST" in place of F/V : Color: {{space|4}} Red ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''G(A) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AH49'''{{space|4}}"'''DIGI'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at center right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at center left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom left : EKU 21 DEC 1987 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.1''' Customer identification number unboxed [[File: PPS-A49.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}PA{{space|4}}174-000 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.21''' Customer identification number boxed with jagged line. Package ID # included in box. "'''DIGI POSTAL '''" vertical at far right : {{space|15}} At bottom "DIGI REG# [8 digits] TRANS#" [[File: PPS-A49.2a.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MN{{space|4}}562-976 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.22''' Customer identification number boxed with straight line. Package ID # included in box. "'''DIGI POSTAL '''" vertical at far right : {{space|15}} At bottom "DIGI REG# [8 digits] TRANS#" [[File: PPS-A49.2b.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}619-767 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.23''' Customer identification number boxed with straight line. Package ID # included in box. without "'''DIGI POSTAL '''" vertical at far right : {{space|15}} At bottom "DIGI REG# [8 digits] TRANS#" [[File: PPS-A49.2c.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}OR{{space|4}}849-241 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(A)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI50'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A50.png|right|300px]] : Date at lower center : Denomination at lower right : Preprinted Customer identification number preceded by state abbreviation at top. : Customer identification number reads "'''NNNXNN'''" : EKU 16 OCT 1986 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★000 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Black on white : TEC Model MA-135-CUP : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI51'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A51.png|right|300px]] : Date at lower center : UPS shield and package logo at top left : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at right of logo, below "'''UPS'''" : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN'''" : EKU 13 MAR 1992 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★000 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Black on white : TEC Model MA-135-CUP : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}291-X78 {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(B) and H(D)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI52'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Date at middle : UPS shield and package logo at center right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number within box at top : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN, NNNXNN, or NNN XNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom left : EKU 2 SEP 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} purple on goldenrod : Color: {{space|4}} purple on white : TEC Model MA-135-CUP : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI52.01''' "'''UPS'''" in box relatively large [[File: PPS-A52.0a.png|right|300px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}470-X71 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI52.02''' "'''UPS'''" in box relatively small, box at right more angular [[File: PPS-A52.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}250-X00 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI52.1''' State abbreviation in box above customer ID, box at right more angular [[File: PPS-A52.11.png|right|300px]] : : {{space|15}}: EKU 10 DEC 1991 : : {{space|15}}: F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} purple on white : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}?{{space|4}}010-X51 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(C) and H(D) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI53'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Date at middle : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at center left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN'''" : Color: {{space|4}} purple on white : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI53.0''' [[File: PPS-A53.0.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : {{space|15}}: TEC Model MA-135-CUP : {{space|15}}: EKU 6 NOV 1988 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}170-X55 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}330-X16 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI53.1''' "'''GROUND'''" at base [[File: PPS-A53.1.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : {{space|15}}: TEC Model M-2200-15 CUP : {{space|15}}: EKU 24 NOV 1986 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}580-X26 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(E) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI54'''{{space|4}}{{space|5}}TEC America ({{font|size=3|color=red|'''R'''}}) : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at center right : Denomination at lower left : Customer identification number at top : Customer identification number reads "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address in middle : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI54.0''' "'''TEC AMERICA'''" Customer identification number preceded by "'''SHIPPER #'''" [[File: PPS-A54.0.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: At right "'''SHEET / THIS / # '''" : {{space|15}}: EKU 2 JUL 1979 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}OR{{space|4}}9-47-925 {{space|4}} BEAVERTON : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI54.1'''"'''TEC AMERICA'''" Customer identification number at top alone [[File: PPS-A54.1.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: At right "'''SHEET THIS / NUMBER '''" : {{space|15}}: EKU 4 APR 1979 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}OR{{space|4}}9-47-925 {{space|4}} BEAVERTON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''I(B) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AJ55'''{{space|4}}"'''MOS Scales'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|'''R'''}}) [[File: PPS-A55.png|right|350px]] : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number boxed at left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address in middle : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} black on white : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MO{{space|4}}123-456 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(A) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AK56'''{{space|4}}{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|'''R'''}}) : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number boxed at left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address in middle : Color: {{space|4}} black on white : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-A56.0''' [[File: PPS-A56.0.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: User's return address at bottom : {{space|15}}: EKU 25 MAR 1991 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IN{{space|4}}739-008 {{space|4}} FT BEN HARRISON IN : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AK56.1''' [[File: PPS-A56.1 250508.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: Without user's return address at bottom : {{space|15}}: EKU 20 MAR 1990 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY{{space|4}}157-549 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA{{space|4}}984-203 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AK56.2''' : {{space|15}}: As '''PPS-A56.1''' Without date ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(B) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AK57'''{{space|4}} [[File: PPS-A57.png|right|300px]] : Date at left : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at top center : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} black on white ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(C) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AK58'''{{space|4}}{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A58.png|right|300px]] : Date at lower left : Box with customer id at right : Denomination at lower center : Customer identification number boxed at left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom right bottom of box : Local return address at left : Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AK63'''{{space|4}} Maker Unknown 1987 [[File: PPS-A63.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular self-adhesive label, 86 x 33 mm, rounded corners, with red "'''UPS'''" shield at left. : 3 lines of text, top line customer ID : Middle line is package ID : Bottom line is date ---- <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL59'''{{space|4}}"'''UPS MAIL INNOVATIONS'''"{{space|5}} : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address at top left : Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-A59.1''' [[File: PPS-A59.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: Upper right box, top line: "'''PARCEL SELECT'''", Bottom line: "'''eVS-GDE'''" : {{space|15}}: "'''CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED'''" above addressee : {{space|15}}: In box to right of bar code: 3 lines of data below "'''UPS MAIL INNOVATIONS'''" <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AL59.2''' : {{space|15}}: Upper right box, top line: "'''PS LIGHTWEIGHT'''", Bottom line: "'''eVS'''" : {{space|15}}: "'''Return Service Requested'''" above addressee : {{space|15}}: In box to right of bar code: 2 lines of data below "'''UPS MAIL INNOVATIONS'''" <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AL59.3''' [[File: PPS-A59.3.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: Upper right box, top line: "'''US Postage Paid'''", Bottom line: "'''UPS Mail Innovations'''" <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AL60'''{{space|4}} "'''UPS SUREPOST'''" : Label consisting of 6 horizontal divisions divided by lines : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white : {{space|15}}: Section 1{{space|15}}: Return address at top left : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: QR Code, bar code and destination code : {{space|15}}: Section 3{{space|15}}: "''' UPS SUREPOST'''" above UPS tracking number : {{space|15}}: Section 4{{space|15}}: UPS tracking bar code : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination : {{space|15}}: Section 6{{space|15}}: United States Postal Service ("'''USPS'''") tracking <br><br><br><br> :'''PPS-AL60.1'''[[File: PPS-ASUR1.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 50mm wide, Destination code 50mm : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" with "Carrier Leave /If No Response" to right : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 26 x 13 mm <br><br><br><br> : '''PPS-AL60.2''' :'''PPS-AL60.21'''[[File: PPS-ASUR2.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 38mm wide, Destination code 54mm wide : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "Carrier - Leave If No Response" / "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 25 x 15 mm <br><br><br><br> :'''PPS-AL60.22'''[[File: PPS-ASUR4.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 37mm wide, Destination code 53mm wide : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "Carrier - Leave If No Response" / "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 25 x 14 mm : {{space|15}}: Section 6{{space|15}}: Below USPS Tracking code is Black Box labeled "CONSUMER COMMODITY / ORM-D / SURFACE ONLY" <br><br><br><br> :'''PPS-AL60.23''' : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 50mm wide, Destination code 58mm wide : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "Carrier - Leave If No Response" / "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 20 x 13 mm <br><br><br><br> : '''PPS-AL60.3'''[[File: PPS-ASUR3.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED" / "USPS DELIVER TO:" <br><br><br><br> ---- <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61''' "'''UPS GROUND'''" : {{space|15}}: With sections 1-4, and 6 as listed at "'''PPS-A60'''" <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-A61.0'''[[File: PPS-AGRD2.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Package identification data at bottom : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.1'''[[File: PPS-AGRD3.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: [[File: PPS-AGRD3pp.png|70px]] at top : {{space|15}}: Package identification data at bottom : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.2'''[[File: PPS-A65.png|right|400px]] : {{space|15}}: Shipping label, right and left sections : {{space|15}}: Left section with "To:" and "From:" : {{space|15}}: Right section with Customer ID at top and "MaxiCode" 2-D barcode to its left : {{space|15}}: "'''UPS GROUND'''" above package tracking identification data at middle : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.21'''[[File: PPS-A61.2A.png|right|400px]] : {{space|15}}: Shipping label, right and left sections : {{space|15}}: Left section with "To:" and "From:" : {{space|15}}: Right section with Customer ID at top and "MaxiCode" 2-D barcode to its left : {{space|15}}: "'''UPS 2ND DAY AIR'''" above package tracking identification data at middle. : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.3'''[[File: PPS-A61.3.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: Similar to "'''A61.1'''" : {{space|15}}: Right section with Destination Customer ID at top and "MaxiCode" 2-D barcode to its left : {{space|15}}: "'''UPS 2DAY AIR A.M.'''" above package tracking identification data at middle : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AL68'''{{space|4}} Manufacturer unknown {{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A68 250329.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}} U S Postage Paid / UPS Mail Innovations in box at top right : {{space|15}} USPS rate class below box : {{space|15}} Data Matrix 2D barcode with routing codes below rate statement : {{space|15}} "DEST ZIP:" below Datamatrix barcode : {{space|15}} PKG # and MMS # at bottom left : {{space|15}} On white self-adhesive rectangular label <br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AL68.1'''{{space|4}} Manufacturer unknown {{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A68.1 250330.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}} U S Postage Paid : {{space|15}} UPS Mail Innovations '''NOT''' in box at top right : {{space|15}} USPS rate class below box : {{space|15}} Data Matrix 2D barcode with routing codes below rate statement : {{space|15}} "ZIP" below Datamatrix barcode : {{space|15}} PKG # and MMS # at bottom left : {{space|15}} On white self-adhesive rectangular label <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AM62'''{{space|4}}"'''DECdirect'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A62.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With small "'''DECdirect'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : With "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to the left of the box. : Digital Equipment Corporation model unknown : EKU 3 JAN 1985 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red on white (Computer print in black or violet) : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NH{{space|4}}028-528 {{space|4}} NASHUA NH <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-B: Indicia from Rochester Package Delivery</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Rochester Package Delivery Corporation was a local package delivery service in the Rochester, New York region. : : 193 and 195 Scio Str, Rochester, NY : Founded 1925 as "'''City Delivery Service'''" by Martin H Roessel : 1955 "'''City Delivery Service'''" sold, became "'''Rochester Package Delivery'''" : Owned by "'''E W Edwards & Son'''", "'''McCurdy & Co'''", and "'''B Forman Co'''" [Dem & Chron, 8 Sep 71, p26] : Delivered merchandise to customers of more than 90 area retail stores : 1965 Referenced in the "'''Meter Stamp Society Bulletin (MSSB)'''" [1965:101] : 1971 Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) filing states "'''Rochester Package Delivery'''" had 50 trucks and 70 employees. : 1983 Still in operation as of 25 Sep {{font/end}} <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RPD(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> <font size=3><font color=black>'''PPS-B01.''' Pitney Bowes, c1965. .</font></font>[[File: PPS-B01.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 55000 series, 55009 is known : F/V {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>★</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-C: Indicia from Retail Delivery Service</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} : "'''Retail Delivery Service'''" was first mentioned in the "'''Meter Stamp Society Bulletin'''" in 1970 [issue 128]. : In 1977 "RPD" joined in a judicial action suing "UPS" for maintaining a monopoly in the US Northeast corridor (Boston-Washington) : In 1979 the company filed for bankruptcy soon followed by auctions selling any physical assets. : From the 1980's to the present there appears an organization in Cincinnati using the same name, unsure as to a connection to the original company. {{font/end}} <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RDS(PB)''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> '''PPS-C01. Pitney Bowes''' : "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" with the standard logo centered, : Date between two lines above ID number, ID number preceded by "'''PB'''" : F/V on right also between two lines '''PPS-C01.1 ''' [[File: PPS-C01.1A.png|right|325px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>★</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 55000 series '''PPS-C01.2 ''' [[File: PPS-C01.2.png|right|325px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>≋</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 55000 series '''PPS-C01.3 ''' [[File: PPS-C01.3.png|right|325px]] :: F/V: [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]] [[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]'''.''' 00 : ID number:{{space|4}} 50000 series <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RDS(PO)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> '''PPS-C02. Postalia''' : "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" with the standard logo centered, : Date between two lines above ID number, ID number followed by "'''PO'''" : F/V on right also between two lines '''PPS-C02.1 ''' [[File: PPS-C02.1.png|right|325px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font> (0).00: '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 1098 only known <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RDS(HA)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> '''PPS-C03. Hasler''' '''PPS-C03.1 ''' [[File: PPS-C03.1.png|right|325px]] : Box with three sections : F/V in middle section : Date to left of box : F/v: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font>00.00: '''{{space|4}} : ID number in the 2300000 series preceded by "'''H'''" ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-D: Indicia from TNT Express</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : TNT Express was an international courier delivery services company with its headquarters in Hoofddorp, Netherlands (Wikipedia) : : Founded 1946 as "'''Thomas Nationwide Express'''" Adelaide, South Australia, Australia : 2011 "'''TNT Express'''" separated from its parent company "'''TNT NV'''", "'''TNT NV'''" renamed itself "'''PostNL'''" : 2012 "'''UPS'''" expressed its intention to acquire "'''TNT Express'''", which was cancelled Jan 2013 : 2015 "'''FEDEX'''" announced its purchase of "'''TNT Express'''" which was completed 1 Dec 2021. : TNT and its various divisions provided courier, parcel and remail services in at least North America and Western Europe. {{font/end}} {{font/top|size=3|color=green}} ::: '''Ref.:''' 2000 Gundel, Alex "'''Remail and the Globalization of the Mail Market'''". ::: '''Ref.:''' Stambaugh, Rick "''' Review of "Remail and the Globalization of the Mail Market'''" by Alex Gundel, MSSQB 249, Fall 2000 {{font/end}} <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''TNT(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D01.''' Pitney Bowes, c1972. .}}[[File: PPS-D01.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design without "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Meter numbers 50000 series : F/V {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>≋</font> .00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D02.''' Unknown, c1989. .}} [[File: PPS-D02.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: Used in Canada and/or Great Britain, with potential cross-border use in the US. :::: A. With double circle town mark / date mark :::: B. with filled single circle town mark / date mark[[File: PPS-D02B.png|right|500px]] {{font/end}} <br> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D03.''' Hasler, c1988. .}}[[File: PPS-D03.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: With Hasler meter type "'''LA1.1A'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D03.1.''' Hasler, c1988. .}}[[File: PPS-D03.1 250601.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: With Hasler meter type "'''LB1.1A'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D04.''' Hasler, c1988. .}}[[File: PPS-D03B.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: With Hasler meter type "'''LA1.1B'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D05.''' Hasler, c1993. .}}[[File: PPS-D05.png|right|500px]] :: With Hasler meter type "'''LB1.2C'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D06.''' Pitney Bowes, c1994. .}}[[File: PPS-D06.png|right|500px]] :: With Pitney Bowes meter type "'''IH1'''" [''7151326, 7153724''] :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-E: Indicia from Purolator</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} In the 1960's it was organized as '''Trans-Canada Couriers, Ltd.''' as a subsidiary of '''American Courier Corporation'''. In 1967 it was purchased by '''Purolator Filters''' (originally '''Motor Improvements, Inc''' 1923). In 1987 it affiliated with '''Airborne Express''' (predecessor of '''DHL''') until 2008. In 1993 '''Canada Post''' acquired 91% of Purolator's logistic services but retained the '''Purolator''' name with no connection to '''Purolator Filters'''. A subsidiary was established as '''Purolator Courier USA''' then renamed to '''Purolator USA''' eventually to '''Purolator International'''. '''Purolator''' maintains 104 shipping centers, '''Purolator International''' maintains 32 facilities in the USA and 1 in Canada. Headquarters in Mississauga, ON. Canada and Jericho, NY, USA. '''PPS-E01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1980 [[File: PPS-E01.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-A08.2b'''" without the "'''United Parcel Service'''" references. : tall date box, short dashes on right : ID# 40033 only one currently known. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]</font>0. 00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number and return address. : No triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 40033 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} 23-73288 {{space|4}} Brampton, ONT (?) '''PPS-E02''' '''Postalia''' c1983 [[File: PPS-E02.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-C02'''" : "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" with the standard logo centered, : Date between two lines above ID number, ID number followed by "'''PO'''" : F/V on right also between two lines : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font> (0).00: '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 0555 only ONE known : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. : ''Known usage'': ::: 0555 {{space|4}} KS {{space|4}} 87-27375 {{space|4}} '''PPS-E03''' '''Friden ''' c1982 [[File: PPS-E03.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-A37(03)'''" : "'''PUROLATOR COURIER'''" across the top : Indicium with complet line at top and bottom. and shorter lines at right and left : Date at left of indicium between two lines at right and left, one line at top and bottom : F/V on center in box : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]</font>0. 00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : ID number:{{space|4}}not present : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. {{font/end}} ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-F: Indicia from EFD Package Express</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} EFD Package Express was a service provided by Exhibitors Film Delivery & Service founded 2 Jan 1926. At one time it had branches in Missouri, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and New Mexico. It apparently was still in business as of 2021. {{font/end}} [[File: PPS-F000.png|right|500px]] '''PPS-F01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1979 [[File: PPS-F02.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} : Generic Pitney Bowes "Package Delivery Service" Indicium : ID in the 55000 series : F/V: '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} '''PPS-F02''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1980 [[File: PPS-F01.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-A08.2b'''" without the "'''United Parcel Service'''" references but with a deliveryman at the center : tall date box, short dashes on right : ID# in the 4900000 series vertically at right of denomination. : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number and return address. : No triad from $10.00 on up (?). {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-G: Indicia from American Messenger Service}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : There was an "'''American Messenger Service'''" on the West Coast that was founded in 1907 and is considered a forerunner of "'''UPS'''". : Joel Hawkins has this "'''American Messenger Service'''" placed in New England in the 1970's and 80's. {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G01.1.''' Pitney Bowes, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G01.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 55000 series, : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PB)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G01.2.''' Pitney Bowes, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G01.2.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 50000 series, : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00: '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PO)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G02.1.''' Postalia, c1984. .}}[[File: PPS-G02.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature crested helmet above Maltese Cross with "'''A M S'''" inscription : Meter numbers 0844-1272 known. : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00: '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PO)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G02.2.''' Postalia, c1984. .}}[[File: PPS-G02.2.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia similar to the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Meter numbers 55000 series, 55009 is known : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋]} 00: '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(HA)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G03.1.''' Hasler, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G03.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature rectangular 3-sectioned box, charges in center, meter ID in bottom. : Circular date mark to left. : Meter numbers 2200000 series : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}} 00.00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(HA)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G03.2.''' Hasler, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G03.2.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature rectangular 3-sectioned box, charges in center, meter ID in bottom. : Date only to left. : Meter numbers 2200000 series : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}} 00.00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-H: Indicia from APD}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} : "'''APD'''" was a motor carrier / delivery company in the Michigan region, the MC number (119665) is inactive. {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''APD(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-H01.1.''' Pitney Bowes, c1966. .}}[[File: PPS-H01.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 56049 only machine known : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-I: Indicia from Berkshire Apparel Corporation}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} : It is uncertain exactly what type of delivery service this company provided. {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''BAC(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-I01.''' Pitney Bowes, c1973. .}}[[File: PPS-I01.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 55111 only machine known : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-J: Indicia from Canpar Express}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} Canpar Express is a Canadian small parcel delivery company founded in 1976 that appears to have provided delivery services at some point in both Canada and the US. The company was purchased in 2002 by TFI International. Canpar Express' website states "Canpar Express also offers expedited service from Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver to anywhere in the continental U.S." '''PPS-J01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1979 [[File: PPS-J01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center without delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : "PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE" also omitted : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, 20000 and 55000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}★ 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number, and "'''No Signature Required'''". <br><br> '''PPS-J01.1''' '''Pitney Bowes''' : As "'''PPS-J01'''" with slogan slot filled similar to "'''PPS-J02'''" <br><br> '''PPS-J02''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J02.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center without delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : "PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE" also omitted : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, 10000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J03''' '''Postalia''' c1980 [[File: PPS-J03.png|right|500px]] : Generic Postalia Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center without delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : "PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE" also omitted : ID# at riht above F/V, 00000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J04''' '''Hasler''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J04.png|right|500px]] : Rectangular box, partitioned into two sections : ID# preceded by '''H''' in top section, only 2192468 known : Date within single line circle to left of box : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J05''' '''Friden''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J05.png|right|500px]] : Indicium, "'''F'''" followed by "METER" above "COMPTEUR" : ID# at top of a partitioned box, above F/V, 10033 only known : Seven small maple leafs stacked at right, with two larger maple leafs at far right : Single circle date mark at left of indicium : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J06''' '''Friden''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J06.png|right|500px]] : Indicium simple : ID# at top of a partitioned box, above F/V, 66007 only known : "'''F METER COMPTEUR'''" below box : Seven small maple leafs stacked at right, : Single circle date mark at left of indicium : F/V in bottom section of partitioned box : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. {{font/end}} <br><br> ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-K: Indicia from CMR}}==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-L: Indicia from State of North Carolina Courier Service}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} "'''State of North Carolina Courier Service'''" a courier service organized by and for the State of North Carolina Department of Transportation '''PPS-L01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983 [[File: PPS-L01 2.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55134 known : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} : Slogan slot on left filled by "''' State of North Carolina / COURIER SERVICE'''". '''PPS-L02''' '''Hasler''' c1985 [[File: PPS-L02 2.png|right|500px]] : Generic Hasler rectangular box indicium, divided into 3 sections : Circular single circle date mark to left, "COURIER" at top, "SERVICE" at bottom : ID# preceded by '''H''' in bottom section of box, only 2404361 and 2414347 known. : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Slogan slot on left filled by "''' North Carolina / COURIER SERVICE / SAFETY PAYS'''" . {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-M: Indicia from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc?)}}==== {{font/top|size=3|olor=black}} Formerly identified as "'''DSI'''", MC117243 is a license number assigned to "'''Mr Messenger, Inc'''", which was originally assigned to "'''Plantation Enterprises, Inc'''" Authority to operate as a common carrier, by motor vehicle, over irregular routes, transporting: Merchandise as is dealt in dental, medical, and optical laboratories or supply houses, normally wrapped and shipped as parcels, between Providence, RI and points in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Which Mr.Messenger, Inc was also described as doing. Information on "DSI" is lacking. '''PPS-M01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983 [[File: PPS-M01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes "Parcel Delivery Service" indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, 55000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Slogan slot on left filled by "'''DSI '''", MC117243 and customer ID. {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-N: Indicia from Hourly}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} "'''Hourly'''" a delivery company which for a relatively short time operated in the Philadelphia area {{font/end}} '''PPS-N01''' '''Postalia''' c1968 [[File: PPS-N01 240628.png|right|500px]] : Unique horizontal indicium, center with delivery van, F/V to right, date to left : ID# between 0350 and 0729 followed by small '''PO''' at right above denomination. :"'''COMMON / CARRIER '''" above and below date respectively. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. : No triad from $1.00 on up (?). '''PPS-N02''' '''Postalia''' c1970 [[File: PPS-N01 2.png|right|500px]] : Unique horizontal indicium, center with delivery van, F/V to right, date to left : ID# between 0350 and 0729 followed by large '''PO''' at right above denomination. :"'''COMMON / CARRIER '''" above and below date respectively. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. : No triad from $1.00 on up (?). ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-O: Indicia from Local Parcel Service}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} "'''Local Parcel Service, Inc'''" a delivery company which for a relatively short time operated in the California area '''PPS-O01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1969 [[File: PPS-O01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55044 known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}★ 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-P: Indicia from Maclen Express Co}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} Maclen Express Company of Somerville, Massachusetts received its Common Carrier designation on 15 Feb 1983 and which was revoked on 22 Aug 1985. '''PPS-P01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-P01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55087 known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by a delivery van with "Maclen Express Co" on its side. : No triad from $10.00 on up (?). {{font/end}} ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-Q: Indicia from Merchants Delivery Company</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> : "'''Merchants Delivery Company'''" (ICC-MC-119990) :::: " (Federal Register 15318) ''Authority sought to operate as a common carrier, by motor vehicle, over'' :::: ''irregular routes, transporting: General commodities (except classes A and B explosives, household goods as defined by the Commission, '' :::: ''commodities in bulk, commodities requiring special equipment and those injurious or contaminating to other lading), between points in'' :::: ''Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Nebraska''" :::: "''No. MC 119990 (Sub-No. 7 TA), filed October 4, 1968. Applicant: MERCHANTS DELIVERY CO., 1212 East 19th'' :::: ''Street, Kansas City, Mo. 64108. Applicant’s representative: Frank W. Taylor, Jr., 1221 Baltimore, Kansas'' :::: ''City, Mo.64105.''" '''PPS-Q01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1972 : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 50038 known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : Slogan slot on left filled by "MERCHANTS DELIVERY CO" above arrow. '''PPS-Q02''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1980 [[File: PPS-Q02.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55001 known? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font>★00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : Slogan slot on left filled by "MERCHANTS DELIVERY CO" above arrow. ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-R: Indicia from Parcel Delivery Co</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-S: Indicia from Parcel Service</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-T: Indicia from Post Par</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-U: Indicia from Spee-Dee Delivery Service</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-V: Indicia from Metroline</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-W: Indicia from Amazon Prime</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> '''PPS-W01.0''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W001.png|right|350px]] :: Label 102mm x 157mm :: Label divided into three sections :: Section A (Top) 4 digit code followed by 3 boxes :: Section A 4 digit code for origination (Distribution Center) :: Section A boxes: Box 1: weight, Box 2: Date, Box 3: Amazon Delivery Station :: Section A remainder is delivery address :: Section B Internal tracking data :: 1-D barcode, followed by 2-D Data Matrix barcode :: Package ID :: 2 boxes Amazon Delivery Station code, cycle number :: Section C Routing :: Up to 4 2-D Data Matrix routing codes :: Printer number (?) and waybill info before and after Data Matrix barcodes :: Distribution center ID codes <br><br> '''PPS-W01.1''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W003.png|right|350px]] :: As "'''PPS-W01.0'''" but for :: Label 107mm x 157mm :: Section A has an additional 1-D barcode below address :: A Diamond shaped "'''Hazmat'''" warning emblem at right of section ::: -'''A''' Large font at top right of diamond ::: -'''B''' Small font at top right of diamond <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.2''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W004.png|right|350px]] :: As "'''PPS-W01.0'''" but for :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Section A has an "'''R'''" to right of 3rd box :: Section B has an additional line of 2 boxes with times <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.3''' c2020. . :: As "'''PPS-W01.0'''" but for :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Section A lacks Distribution center code to left of 3 boxes <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.4''' c2020. . :: As "'''PPS-W01.1B'''" but for :: Label 107mm x 157mm :: Section A lacks Distribution center code to left of 3 boxes :: Section A has an additional 1-D barcode below address :: A Diamond shaped "'''Hazmat'''" warning emblem at right of section <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.5''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W008.png|right|350px]] :: As "'''PPS-W01.3'''" but for :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Section A lacks Distribution center code to left of 3 boxes :: Section B has additional box white on black "'''LIQUID'''" <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W02''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W005.png|right|350px]] :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Box on label 97mm x 60mm :: Address at top preceded by 2-D Data Matrix barcode :: 1-D barcode vertically arranged at right of box :: 2 2-D Data Matrix barcodes to the right and left of a box with routing data <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W02.1''' c2024. . [[File: PPS-W02.1.png|right|350px]] :: Label 105mm x 157mm (approx) :: Box on label 100mm x 57mm :: Address at top preceded by 2-D Data Matrix barcode :: Direction code vertically arranged at right of box :: 2 2-D Data Matrix barcodes to the right and left of a box with routing data <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W03''' c2020. . "'''Amazon Prime - USPS'''" [[File: PPS-W006.png|right|350px]] :: Label 102 mm x 151mm :: Section A with Originators address and Addressee :: Section B with USPS tracking barcode and number :: Section C with Amazon routing data ::: -'''A''' SUNDAY DELIVERY <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W04''' c2020. . "'''Amazon Prime - UPS'''" [[File: PPS-W007.png|right|350px]] :: Label 102 mm x 151mm :: Section A with Originators address and Addressee :: 2-D Maxi Code barcode followed by 1-D barcode with destination code :: Section B with UPS tracking barcode and number :: Section C with Amazon routing data below billing section <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-X: Indicia from Federal Express / FEDEX</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} [[File: PPS-X01.png|right|325px]] : In 1971, Frederick Smith created the "'''Federal Express Corporation'''" in Little Rock, Arkansas. : Delivery services began in 1973 with the move to Memphis, Tennessee. : The company later changed its name to the "'''FDX Corporation'''" [1997]. : 2000 (Jan) renamed to the "'''FedEx Corporation'''". {{font/end}} :: "'''ALPHABETIC LETTER CODES'''" boxed ::: -'''E''' Express ::: -'''G''' Home Delivery ::: -'''H''' Home Delivery ::: -'''S''' Ground '''PPS-X01.0''' c2020. . Short customer ID barcode :: "FedEx" wider than the Box "S" :: "Virtual" meter number and "Zebra" printer ID to right of boxed "S" vertically <br><br> '''PPS-X01.1''' c2024. . long customer ID barcode [[File: PPS-X01.1.png|right|325px]] :: "FedEx" same width as the Box "S" :: "Virtual" meter number and "Zebra" printer ID to right of boxed "S" vertically {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! "Virtual meter number" ! "Zebra" printer serial number ! class letter ! class ! origin city |- | 252800245 | D3J182704985 | S | Ground | Hudson, OH |} <br><br> {{font/end}} '''PPS-X02.''' c2010. .[[File: PPS-X02.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: two one-dimensional bar codes :: Second segment: Shipping info :: Third segment: Routing info :: Fourth segment: PDF417 bar code :: Fifth segment: Tracking information <br><br> '''PPS-X03.''' c2024. .[[File: PPS-X03.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Shipping info :: Second segment: Routing info :: Third segment: PDF417 bar code :: Fourth segment: Tracking information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code? <br><br> '''PPS-X04.0''' c2010. International Priority Package [[File: PPS-X04.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Shipping info :: Second segment: Routing info :: Third segment: PDF417(12) bar code :: Fourth segment: Tracking information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code? <br><br> '''PPS-X04.1''' c2025. International Priority Package [[File: PPS-X04.1 250321.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Shipping info :: Second segment: Routing info :: Third segment: PDF417(12) bar code with new "'''FedEx'''" logo :: Fourth segment: Tracking information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code? <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PPS-X05.1''' c2010. [[File: PPS-X05.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Origination info :: Second segment: Destination info :: Third segment: PDF417(14) bar code :: Fourth segment: Routing information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code/tracking? <br><br> '''PPS-X05.2''' c2024. [[File: PPS-X05.2.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Origination info :: Second segment: Destination info :: Third segment: PDF417(14) bar code :: Fourth segment: Routing information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code/tracking? :: Printed on "'''FedEx'''" shipper with large "'''FedEx'''" at top :: Further information at 90 degrees printed at right. <br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-Y: Indicia from DHL and DHL Global Mail</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> <br><br> '''PPS-Y01''' c2007. DHL Global Mail [[File: PPS-Y01 250601.png|right|325px]] :: Label 89 x 38 mm, black on white :: 25.5 x 18.5 mm box in upper right :: Box: US Postage / PAID / Global Mail / 30297 :: First line/segment: PRSRT Standard Auto :: Second line/ segment: Time Sensitive Material :: Third line /segment: SM Date ######/ SM Tracking# [Note SM = :: Fourth segment: Package information, QR code <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-Z: Indicia from "'''P R China Post Office / USPS Partnership'''" </font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-3Z: Indicia from "'''uniuni'''" </font></font>==== <br><br> '''PPS-3Z01''' c2024. [[File: PPS-3Z01 A250332.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Origination info :: Second segment: Destination info :: Third segment: Tracking information, PDF417(14) bar code , :: Fourth segment: Package information, QR code <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-4Z: Indicia from "'''Too Express'''" </font></font>==== <br><br> '''PPS-4Z01''' c2025. [[File: PPS-4Z01 250415A.png|right|325px]] :: "Too Express" is a "last mile" delivery service utilizing drones :: First segment: Corporation info :: Second segment: Origination info, Destination info, QR code :: Third segment: Tracking information, PDF417(14) bar code , :: Fourth segment: Package information, <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-5Z: Indicia from "'''OnTrac'''" </font></font>==== [[File: PPS-5Z01 250502.png|right|325px]] <br><br> '''PPS-5Z''' c2025. :: "OnTrac" is a "last mile" delivery service :: First segment: Destination info :: Second segment: with PDF417(10) 2D barcode with 10 data blocks :: Third segment: (blank) :: Fourth segment: Package information, :: Fifth segment: Corporate proprietary data <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-6Z: Indicia from "'''Jitsu'''" </font></font>==== <br><br> '''PPS-6Z''' c2024. [[File: PPS-6Z01 250515.png|right|325px]] :: "Jitsu" also known as Gojitsu.com (formerly "AxleHire") is a "last mile" delivery service :: First segment: Origination data :: Second segment:Destination data :: Third segment: bar code :: Fourth segment: Label Print date :: Fifth segment: Boxed corporate proprietary data, package data <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- {{BookCat}} 0w7ol2273szqww37t9l3zjfuk0af5xm 4641021 4641020 2026-06-23T19:03:56Z Boris1951zz 3378369 /* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-A: Indicia from UPS (United Parcel Service)}} */ 4641021 wikitext text/x-wiki == {{font|size=5|color=#1F75FE"|'''GROUP PPS: Private Parcel Service stamps'''}} == {{font|size=2|[[United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog|''<u>Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog</u>'']]}}<div style="font-size:medium;"> Private Parcel Service indicia are created by companies such as UPS to indicate prepayment of delivery charges.<div style="color:08457E;"></div></div> ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-A: Indicia from UPS (United Parcel Service)}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} (MSSB 98 (1965)) "United Parcel Service was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1907 . Today, UPS operates a common carrier service In all or parts of 29 states plus the District of Columbia . Intrastate and interstate service is offered by UPS over broad areas. "UPS picks up and delivers packages up to 50 pounds in weight and up to 108 inches in length and girth combined . in all areas it is authorized to serve, UPS provides complete coverage . It will pick up at any point and deliver to any point. "Note : What you refer to as "meters" we designate as UPS Parcel Registers. Also, what you term as "meter stamps" we call UPS Parcel Register Tapes. "Shipper number designations and district prefixes are assigned by the Systems Department in New York. "Large shippers are not required to use UPS Parcel Registers . However, use of one is considered a big timesaver for a shipper sending approximately 100 or more parcels a week. "Customers using UPS Parcel Registers are billed weekly according to the readings taken from the registers . The customer reads the Parcel Register daily . Inc UPS driver checks the reading. "Pitney-Bowes and Postaiia parcel registers are rented to the customers. NCR parcel registers can be purchased . The base portion of the register is bought by the customer . UPS and the manufacturer both hold keys for the parcel registers ." {{font/top|size=4|color=green}} Note on indicia prints, similar to postage meters, parcel indicia can be said to be composed of up to 3 parts, the indicium itself, potential info in what would be the slug slot on a postage meter, and customer identification and routing information in what would be the slogan/ad slot on a postage meter. There is much variety, way beyond that of indicium, on these items, "'''with many subvarieties'''". [[File: sPPS A.png|left|300px]] [[File: sPPS B.png|right|325px]] [[File: sPPS C.png|left|325px]] [[File: sPPS D(2).png|right|325px]] [[File: SPPS E.png|left|325px]] [[File: F PPS-A.png|right|325px]] {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br> Reference: :::1965-77. {{space|4}} "'''Meter Stamp Society Bulletin'''" :::1984-88. {{space|4}} Roscoe, Ernest J {{space|4}} "'''United Parcel Service'''"{{space|4}} "''The Stamp Collector''" :::c1990?. {{space|5}} Hawkins, Joel A {{space|5}} "'''United Parcel Service'''" :::1995. {{space|9}} Hawkins, Joel A {{space|5}} "'''Package Delivery Service'''" {{space|4}} A Catalog of United Parcel Service (UPS) and other Package Delivery Service Parcel Register Indicia Index to providers of United Parcel Service ("'''UPS'''") Registers {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Provider</u> ! <u>First type</u> ! <u>Last type</u> ! <u>Years</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | Pitney Bowes | PPS-AA01 | PPS-AA11, PPS-AA64 | | Also see PPS-AA64 at end |- | National Cash Register ("'''NCR'''") | PPS-AB12 | PPS-AB27, PPS-AB66 | | See also PPS-AB66 at end |- | POSTALIA | PPS-AC28 | | | |- | Friden / Singer | PPS-AD29 | PPS-AD38, PPS-AD65 | | See also PPS-AD65 at end |- | Hasler | PPS-AE39 | | | |- | Orbitran | PPS-AF40 | PPS-AF43 | | |- | Data Card | PPS-AG44 | PPS-AG48 | | |- | DIGI | PPS-AH49 | | | |- | TEC America | PPS-AI50 | PPS-AI54 | | |- | MOS Scales | PPS-AJ55 | | | |- | Maker Unknown | PPS-AK56 | PPS-AK58 | | |- | UPS Mail Innovations | PPS-AL59 | | | |- | UPS SUREPOST | PPS-AL60 | | | |- | UPS Ground | PPS-AL61 | | | |- | DEC Direct | PPS-AM62 | | | |- | Maker Unknown | PPS-AK63 | | | |- | Pitney Bowes (PB) | PPS-AA64 | | | Computer Generated |- | Friden Alcatel | PPS-AD65 | | | |- | National Cash Register (NCR) | PPS-AB66 | | | See also PPS-A12 thru PPS-A26 |- | Unknown | PPS-AL68 | | | UPS Mail Innovations |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AA01. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1958. {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}}[[File: PPS-A1.1.png|right|325px]] '''PPS-AA01.1 ''' Earliest known use 22 Oct 1958. :"''' UNITED PARCEL SERVICE'''" across the top, "DEPENDABLE DELIVERY" centered on shield below : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00: '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: 001367 ::: 001868 {{space|4}} NEW YORK [RRRR] ---- '''PPS-AA02. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1959. : Size of indicium is 46 x 22 mm. : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7|"''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.1''' Earliest known use 19 Jan 1959.[[File: PPS-A2.1.png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-AA02.1''', the words '''UNITED'''/''' PARCEL'''/'''SERVICE''' are 12 mm wide : The portion with the rectangular border is printed by the meter die and the UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE is on a slug. : Town name at the base of UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE. : ID# in 30000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30001 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: 30007 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: 30013 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30023 ::: 30026 ::: 30067 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30228 '''PPS-AA02.11''' Special commemorative slogan [[File: 22050701UPSScoutSlogan.png|right|350px]] :::"''' EXPLORING!/THE NEW PROGRAM/FOR BOYS OF/HIGH SCHOOL AGE/BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA'''" : ''Known usage'': ::: 30007 {{space|4}} CHICAGO {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.2'''[[File: PPS-A02.2 (30454).png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-AA02.2''', the words '''UNITED'''/''' PARCEL'''/'''SERVICE''' are 15 mm wide : The portion with the rectangular border is printed by the meter die and the UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE is on a slug. : Town name at the base of UNITED/PARCEL/SERVICE. : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30059 {{space|4}} LOS ANGELES ::: 30061 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30071 {{space|4}} CINCINNATI ::: 30123 {{space|4}} CLEVELAND ::: 30246 {{space|4}} PENNA ::: 30336 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ::: 30454 {{space|4}} NEW YORK {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.3'''[[File: PPS-A2.3.png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-A02.3''', the abbreviation '''U'''/'''P'''/'''S''' is stacked. : The portion with the rectangular border is printed by the meter die and the U/P/S is on a slug. : State abbreviation or town name stacked to the left of '''U P S'''. : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30236 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: 30356 {{space|4}} N J {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(B)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA02.4'''[[File: PPS-A02.4 250530.png|right|325px]] : On '''PPS-AA02.4''', there is no company identification : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 30056 ::: 30306 ::: 30355 ::: 30356 ::: 30541 ---- '''PPS-AA03. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1959 : Size of indicium is 59 X 21 mm. : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA03.1''' [[File: PPS-A3.1.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 30000,31000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': :: 30754 :: 31086 {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)2a''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA03.2''' : ID# in 30000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 31020 ---- '''PPS-AA04. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', c1959 : Size of indicium is 59 X 21 mm. : Date with parallel lines above and below : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} '''PPS-AA04.1'''[[File: PPS-A3.33.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 31000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 31408 {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)2b''' in 1995 edition''.}} ''''PPS-AA04.2''' [[File: PPS-A3.3.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 31000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 31477 ::: 31615 ::: 31616 ::: 31650 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(C)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA05. Pitney Bowes "5208"''', : Longer indicium : Parallel lines above and below date : Larger box around denomination : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 98(1965)''".}} '''PPS-AA05.1'''[[File: PPS-A5.1.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 35000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) <br><br> ---- <br><br> '''PPS-AA06. Pitney Bowes "RF"''', : {{font|size=2|color=#FE2EF7| "''Reference: MSSB 99(1965)''".}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(D)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA06.1'''[[File: PPS-A6.1.png|right|325px]] : Line across the top of the indicium, line equal in width to the other lines. : ID# in 31000, 32000, 33000, 34000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Note: {{font|size=2|color=red|(''This type occurs as one of several subtypes below, it may be difficult to differentiate some of the higher dollar values''')}} {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 32100 | CT 615 | 18-977 | | | | | |- | 32274 | NJR 717 | 0-68-943 | | E | APR11'68 | R | |- | 32292 | | | | | | | |- | 32968 | NY R-717 | 1-59-457 | | A var | MAR-4'65 | R | |- | 33417 | KA 2820 | 6-90-066 | LENEXA | | | | |- | 33484 | IL 2317 | 6-29-568 | PEORIA | | | | |- | 33633 | NJ | 0-68-908 | | F | DEC-7'71 | Bk | |- | 34572 | NJ | 6-63-493 | PARAMUS | | | | |- | 34927 | PA 1317 | 1-85-416 | | | | | |- | 37992 | GA 1781 | 3-20-815 | | A | SEP17'71 | R | |- | 38808 | GA 1781 | 3-20-786 | | A | SEP 6'72 | R | |- | 40091 | NC 275 | 2-12-205 | RALEIGH | B | SEP21'71 | R | |- | 40397 | NC 1377 | 2-10-239 | | A var | | G | |} {{font/end}} <br><br> '''PPS-AA06.1-a'''{{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A06.1-aA.png|right|325px]] : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" omitted : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 37340 ::: 37667 {{space|4}} NC 1428 {{space|4}} 2-10-683 ::: 37747 '''PPS-AA06.1-b'''{{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A06.1-b.png|right|325px]] : With "'''U/P/S'''" and "'''N/J'''" arranged vertically to the left of the date. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: 34209 {{space|4}} NJ R-767 {{space|4}} 0-68-951 {{space|4}} SECAUCUS <br><br> '''PPS-AA06.1-c'''{{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A06.1D.png|right|325px]] : No line across the top of the indicium : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Note: {{font|size=2|color=red|(''This type occurs as one of several subtypes, it may be difficult to differentiate some of the higher dollar values''')}} : '''Known usage''': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 38447 | NJ 767 | 0-68-956 | | | APR22'69 | G | |- | 38635 | OH | 4-79-613 | | C var | JAN21'72 | B | |- | 41300 | VA | 2-99-987 | ''FALLS CHURCH'' | B var | JUN10'77 | R | |} <br><br> '''PPS-AA06.2'''[[File: PPS-A06.2C.png|right|325px]] : No line across the top of the indicium : ID# in 32000, 33000, 34000, 38000 series : ID# in 40000, 41000, 42000, 43000, 44000, 46000 series : ID# in 66000, 67000, 68000, 69000 series : ID# in 90000, 91000, 92000 series : ID# in 4000000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter Number</u> ! <u>State Abbreviation</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 33367 | MD | 292-944 | | A | APR22'83 | R | |- | 33417 | KA 2820 | 6-90-066 | LENEXA | B var | JAN14'83 | R | |- | 33542 | PA | 2-40-981 | | B var | APR28'75 | R | |- | 33557 | NJ | 0-66-714 | | A var | OCT21'70 | R | |- | 33566 | | | | | | |- | 38131 | MO 2571 | 6-65-701 | | | | | |- | 40870 | CA | 917-178 | | A | JUL20'82 | R | |- | 41158 | MN | 5-60-502 | MINNEAPOLIS | | | | |- | 41255 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | JUN--'87 | R | |- | 41533 | NJ 818 | 0-68-564 | | A | SEP-2'70 | R | |- | 41533 | NJ 818 | 0-68-654 | | A | MAR-5'71 | Bk | |- | 41972 | NJ 1922? | 4-42-856 | NEW ALBANY | | | | |- | 43256 | CT | 0-47-220 | | | | | |- | 44189 | WV | 2-92-035 | GRAFTON | B | JAN13'82 | R | |- | 66096 | | | | | | | |- | 66405 | NC | 2-13-613 | | | | | |- | 66973 | CA | 9-34-399 | IRVINE | | | | |- | 67765 | | | | | | | |- | 68346 | NY R | 1-45-44 | NEW YORK | B | APR 1'75 | R | |- | 69235 | NC | 2-14-710 | GREENSBORO | B | NOV-3'80 | R | |- | 69772 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | DEC19'86 | R | |- | 90241 | | | | | | | |- | 91060 | NJ | 0-57-089 | (NEW YORK) | B var | MAR--'77 | R | |- | 91597 | NY | 1-45-414 | | B var | DEC23'75 | R | |- | 91597 | NY | 1-45-414 | | B var | MAR-8'76 | R | |- | 91890 | CT | 0-34-300 | | A | OCT21'82 | R | |- | 92150 | PA 1216 | 1-84-497 | | A | NOV27'84 | R | |- | 92375 | (IL) | (6-14-873) | (Addison, IL) | | DEC 8'85 | R | |- | 92948 | NY | 136-277 | | D | MAY 7'83 (?) | R | |- | 4000563 | NY R | 1-42-930 | | A | AUG26'76 | R | |- | 4000563 | NY R | 1-42-930 | | A | APR19'77 | R | |- | 4002033 | IN | 524-354 | | A | JAN19'88 | R | |- | 4003816 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | JUN--'87 | R | |- | 4005838 | UT | 840-136 | | D | JAN12'84 | R | |- | 4007172 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | APR10'87 | R | |- | 4007591 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | DEC--'87 | R | |- | 4009913 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNY | A var | AUG--'87 | R | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA06.2-a''' : No line across the top of the indicium : Without F/V : ''Known usage'': ::: 69706 ::: 69709 ::: 69711 ::: 69713 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(E)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA07. Pitney Bowes Model 5301 Parcel Register on Model 5400 or 5500.''' : Similar to PPS-A06, the shield and package logo slightly smaller. : Indicium measures 49 X 18 mm. '''PPS-AA07.1'''[[File: PPS-A07.1.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ID# in 35000, 36000, 37000, 38000, 39000 series : ID# in 45000, 46000, 47000, 48000, 49000 series : ID# in 61000, 62000, 63000, 64000, 65000 series : ID# in 70000, 71000 series : ID# in 90000, 93000, 94000, 95000, 96000, 97000, 98000, 99000 series : ID# in 101000 series : ID# in 4100000 series {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’:[[File: PPS-A07.1(45301).png|right|325px]] [[File: PPS-A07.1(35649).png|right|500px]] {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 35649 | NJ 869 | 0-69-507 | | A var | APR24'70 | BK | Slog slot after indicium |- | 36142 | NJ | 0-62-553 | | | | | |- | 36741 | NJ R-767 | 0-64-399 | | A var | DEC-4'67 | R | |- | 37865 | NY 716 | 1-40-209 | | A var | AUG-9'71 | R | |- | 39685 | NY R-717 | 1-59-825 | | A var | MAR27'69 | R | |- | 45017 | NY RN | 1-42-091 | ROCKVILLE CENTRE | B var | OCT21'70 | R | |- | 45017 | NY RN | 1-42-091 | ROCKVILLE CENTRE | B var | FEB28'72 | R | |- | 45301 | NC/297 | 2-11-932 | MARS HILL | B | MAR24'70 | B | |- | 47201 | NYRN | 1-48-200 | | B | SEP25'90 | R | |- | 48934 | CA | 9-05-717 | WINDSOR | B | DEC14'70 | R | |- | 61379 | MD | 2-91-518 | BALTIMORE | | | | |- | 93146 | | | | | | | |- | 97871 | MA | 054-952 | [ANDOVER] | | AUG-2'90 | R | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA07.1-a'''{{space|4}} {{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" omitted : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 36248 '''PPS-AA07.1-b''' {{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A07.1-b.png|right|325px]] : Canadian style date : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 ''' {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 101610 {{space|4}} Michigan '''PPS-AA07.1-c''' {{space|4}}{{font|size=1|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A07.1-c.png|right|325px]] : With "ten-dollar" figure as single wheel : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=4|''' 00.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}}} ) : ''Known usage'': ::: 4101320 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 919-246 '''PPS-AA07.2'''{{space|4}} {{font|size=1|color=red|('''RRRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A07.2.png|right|500px]] : With an '''"X"''' in the Customer Identification Number. : (NOTE: This "X" signifies the machine was a public use as opposed to private) : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Transitioning to a short triad in denominations from $1.00 to $9.99 and no triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 46953 ::: 47205 {{space|4}} KY 1480 {{space|4}} CTR 1-20-X80 ::: 61061 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(F)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA08.''' Pitney Bowes (model unknown) Earliest known use 22 Jan 1973 : "'''UNITED PARCEL SERVICE'''" across top of indicium. : Two horizontal rows of two dots to left of indicium. : Indicium measures 49 X 18 mm. '''PPS-AA08.1-a'''[[File: PPS-A08.1 250111.png|right|325px]] : short date box, long dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 70111 | TX | 750-626 | DALLAS | | | | |- | 70144 | NJ | 068-650 | TRENTON | C | SEP30'74 | R | |- | 70286 | CA | 910-809 | LOS ANGELES | | SEP-6'74 | | |- | 70290 | WY | 820-010 | CHEYENNE | C var | AUG15'86 | Bk |- | 70293 | MS | 031-354 | | C var | JUL31'75 | R | Note unusual state abbreviation |- | 71629 | MC | 459-873 | JACKSON, MI | C | JUL10'79 | R |- |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA08.1-b''' [[File: PPS-A08.1-bA.png|right|325px]] : short date box, short dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 70310 | | | | | | | |- | 70746 | TX | 750-313 | | C | JUN30'82 | R | |- | 70798 | NJ | 067-906 | | | | | |- | 71067 | WI | 584-602 | | C | OCT13'86 | R | |- | 71283 | PA | 174-982 | PHILADELPHIA | C var | MAR26'76 | R | |- | 71650 | MS | 021-178 | LEOMINSTER, MA | C var | SEP16'83 | Bk? | Note unusual state abbreviation |- | 71926 | IL | 614-508 | | | | | |- | 73125 | NJ | 080-370 | PISCATAWAY | C var | OCT 9'82 | R | |- | 73942 | MA | 015-796 | | C | DEC15'82 | R | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA08.2-a''' : tall date box, long dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. '''PPS-AA08.2-b'''[[File: PPS-A08.2-b.png|right|325px]] : tall date box, short dashes on right : ID# in 70000, 71000, 34000, 72000, 73000 and 75000 series : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : No triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 74751 {{space|4}} MS {{space|4}} 011-154 {{space|4}} NEW BEDFORD ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(G)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA09.''' Pitney Bowes (model 5344) Earliest known use 19 Jan 1982 : "'''UNITED PARCEL SERVICE'''" across top of indicium. : Two horizontal rows of two dots to left of indicium. : Indicium measures 49 X 18 mm. '''PPS-AA09.1'''[[File: PPS-A09.1B.png|right|325px]] : ID# placed above date box. : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of long dashes at right of indicium. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad closely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} : ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 6201583 | IL | 613-765 | | C | DEC-3'87 | R | |- | 6206359 | | | | | OCT-7'87 | R | |- | 6210912 | NJ | 057-658 | | C var | JUN--'88 | R | DIRECT / RETURN |- | 6210912 | NJ | 057-658 | KEARNEY | C var | APR--'88 | R | KEARNY misspelled |- | 6212180 | TX | 793-928 | | C var | MAR-6'91 | R | |- | 6214707 | IA | 543-700 | | | | | |- | 6218943 | IL | 622-320 | | | | | |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA09.1-a''' {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}}[[File: PPS-A09.1-a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.000 '''{{space|4}} Triad closely stacked. Assembly error. : ''Known usage'': ::: 6218059 {{space|4}} NC {{space|4}} 218-383 '''PPS-AA09.2'''[[File: PPS-A09.2A.png|right|325px]] : ID# placed above date box. : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of short dashes at right of indicium. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad closely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} : '''Known usage''': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 6207682 | TN | 313-734 | | C | AUG26' 6 | R | |- | 6207682 | TN | 313-734 | | C | AUG27' 6 | R | |- | 6209564 | NY | 144-597 | | C var | JAN-7'87 | R | |- | 6212180 | TX | 793-928 | | C var | MAR-6'91 | R | |- | 6210953 | OH | 472-322 | WICKLIFFE | | | | |- | 6221629 | IL | 607-611 | | C var | JUN--'92 | R | "DIRECT / RETURN" slug at left |} {{font/end}} '''PPS-AA09.3'''[[File: PPS-A09.3 6203431.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of short dashes at right of indicium : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} : '''Known usage''': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 6201275 | OH | 487-075 | | | FEB11'83 | | |- | 6201334 | IL | 610-994 | | | | | |- | 6203431 | | | | C | MAR28'89 | R | |- | 6203680 | WI | 582-409 | | C | APR13'84 | R | |- | 6204665 | MA | 037-250 | MARLBORO, MA | C var | JUN26'86 | R | |- | 6204907 | NC | 212-185 | | C var | NOV13'89 | R | |} {{font/end}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AA09.4'''[[File: PPS-A09.4.png|right|325px]] : ID# in 6200000, 6210000, 6220000 series : Stack of long dashes at right of indicium : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. {{font/top|size=2}} <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(H)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA10.''' Pitney Bowes Register Model 5712 "Touchmatic Parcel Register" on Model 5840 mailing machine. Earliest known use 19 Mar 1971[[File: PPS-A10.png|right|325px]] : Date to left of UPS shield : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" below shield : ID# in 1900000 series in upper right corner : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. : ''Known usage'': ::: 1900747 {{space|4}} VA {{space|4}} 2-93-418 ::: 1902794 {{space|4}} OR {{space|4}} 946-543 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''A(H)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA11.''' Pitney Bowes Register Model 5712 "Touchmatic Parcel Register" on Model 5840 mailing machine. Earliest known use 13 Dec 1974 [RRR][[File: PPS-A11.png|right|325px]] : Date to left of UPS shield within single circle townmark. : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" below shield : ID# in 1900000 series in upper right corner, 1900172 and 1902011 only numbers known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} Triad widely stacked. : ''Known usage'': ::: 1900172 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-39-841 {{space|4}} San Diego ::: 1092011 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''I(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AA64'''{{space|4}}"'''Pitney Bowes (Computer Generated)'''"{{space|5}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AA64.1''' Customer identification number at top alone [[File: PPS-A54.2.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: EKU 8 MAR 1990 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}619-886 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AA64.2''' Customer identification number at top alone [[File: PPS-A54.3.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>F/V</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | G141506 | LA | 710-253 | | $1.64 | OCT 9'89 | Bk | |- | G144820 | PA | 258-281 | | $3.91 | MAR 16'92 | Bk | |- | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |- | | | | | | | | |} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Square shaped, dimensions will vary {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12.01''' National Cash Register (NCR).{{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : Town name followed by "'''UPS'''" and machine number : Date at top : Denomination with line below : below line "this package delivered by/UNITED PARCEL / SERVICE" : Color: Purple print on light yellow paper : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple print on salmon pink paper '''PPS-AB12.01a.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-A12.01b.''' [[File: PPS-A12.01b 250508.png|right|300px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': :::110 {{space|4}} CHICAGO, ILL <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.01c.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.01d.''' : As PPS-A12.01b without the line between value and Corporate Identification : Mentioned in "Hawkins 1995." : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Town name followed by machine number : Date at top : "'''UNITED / PARCEL / SERVICE'''" followed by eight lines : Color: Purple print on salmon pink paper : Color: Purple print on orange-brownish red paper <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.02a.''' [[File: PPS-A12(02)a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: 136 {{space|4}} CHICAGO <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.02b.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB12.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : machine number only : Date at top : "'''UNITED / PARCEL / SERVICE'''" followed by eight lines : ''Known usage'': ::: 156 <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB12.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A12(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UNITED / PARCEL / SERVICE'''" immediately above denomination : Color: Purple print on salmon-pink paper : Color: Purple print on orangish-brown paper <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.04a.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: ICC IL / 2115 {{space|4}} F39004 <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.04b.''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB12.04c.''' [[File: PPS-A12.04c 250508.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB13.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font immediately above denomination : Color: Purple print on white paper : Color: Purple print on salmon pink paper : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple print on gray paper : Color: Purple print on rose pink paper '''PPS-AB13.01a'''[[File: PPS-A13(01).png|right|325px]] : F/V .00 : ''Known usage'': ::: ICC IL / 2115 {{space|4}} A29-999 ::: IL / 2115 {{space|9}} 6-29-765 <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB13.01b'''[[File: PPS-A12.04b 250508.png|right|325px]] : F/V -.00 : ''Known usage'': ::: IL / 2115 {{space|9}} 6-29-765 <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB13.01c''' : F/V -0.00 <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AB13.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A13(02).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Serif font immediately above denomination : ''Known usage'': ::: MN / 2659 {{space|4}} 5-62-993 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)6''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB13.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A13(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" San Serif font preceded and followed by dashes, immediately above denomination : F/V -0.00 : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple print on white paper : Color: Purple print on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} 6-29-978 ---- '''PPS-AB14.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font twice with local data between, immediately above denomination : Gripper marks can be seen on upper left : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on canary yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: One bicolor register known : Note: {{font|size=2|color=red|(''This type occurs as one of four subtypes below, it may be difficult to differentiate some of the higher dollar values''')}} '''PPS-AB14.01.1'''[[File: PPS-A14(01)a2.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : '''Known Usage:''' ::: {{space|4}} MD-1020 {{space|4}} 2-95-095 ::: {{space|4}} NY-R717 {{space|4}} 1-59-386 ::: {{space|4}} PA-1018 {{space|4.5}} 1-74-593 '''PPS-AB14.01.2''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-A14.01.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.01.4''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)13''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A14(02)AA.png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font twice with local data between, immediately above denomination : Delivery message at bottom: "'''IF RECEIVER IS NOT / AVAILABLE - DELIVER AND / USE RELEASE No. 718'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)9''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : Date at top : "'''UPS---UPS'''" at center below date : Gripper marks can be seen vertically on the left side : Color: Purple print on yellow paper : Color: Purple print on goldenrod paper '''PPS-AB14.03.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.03.2''' [[File: PPS-A14(02)B.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}nil '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH- {{space|4}} 4-83-611 \ ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)6''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font with local data either side, immediately above denomination : Gripper marks can be seen on upper left : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper '''PPS-AB14.04.1'''[[File: PPS-A14(02)a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6-29-873 '''PPS-AB14.04.2''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.04.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)7''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.05''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font with local data either side, immediately below denomination : Gripper marks can be seen on upper left : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper '''PPS-AB14.05.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB14.05.2'''[[File: PPS-A14(03)a.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6-11-557 '''PPS-AB14.05.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)15''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB14.06''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A14(06).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font either side of state abbreviation, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} MO {{space|4}} 6-65-0?? ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)8''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB15''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A15.png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''THANK YOU'''" at the center above denomination : UPS shield package logo at bottom left : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Colors: Purple print on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} AR / R {{space|4}} 7 16 328 ---- ---- '''PPS-A16''' National Cash Register (NCR). ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)14''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font followed by state abbreviation, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL 2222 {{space|4}} 6-16-995 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)16''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.2''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(02).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''DRIVER SHEET THIS NUMBER'''" : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font followed by state abbreviation, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} in red : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} NY-717 {{space|4}} 1-40-313 ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)18''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.3''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : User's address and customer identification number at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} 9-29-890 {{space|4}} LOS ANGELES - ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)22''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB16.4''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(04).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''UPS'''" Sans Serif font followed by state abbreviation and parcel post zone number, immediately below denomination : Customer identification number appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} WA 5553 {{space|4}} 9-41-277 ---- ---- '''PPS-AB17''' National Cash Register (NCR). ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)10''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : below date, State abbreviation and customer identification number : gripper marks can be seen vertically at left : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} TN {{space|4}} 3-11-030 {{space|4}} TRENTON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)12''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(02).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : Delivery charges across the middle : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on salmon paper '''PPS-AB17.02a''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB17.02b''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)19''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(04).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : User's address and customer identification number at the bottom : Beneath is "'''UPS'''" both sides state abreviation : At bottom "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yello paper ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)23''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.05''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(05).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-98-749 {{space|4}} BANNING ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)24''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.06''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(06).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : "'''-1974'''" : "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" beneath horizontal line : At bottom is "'''N.E.'''" in large letters : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Bicolor IMPRINT : Color: Purple on GOLDENROD paper ---- '''PPS-AB17.07''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} : Date at top : Customer identification number appears at the bottom preceded by state abbreviation : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper '''PPS-AB17.07a'''[[File: PPS-A17(07).png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB17.07b''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)26''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.08''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(08).png|right|325px]] : small customer identification number at top : User's name and address appears at the bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)27''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.09''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A17(09).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : Customer identification number preceded by state abbreviation appears below date : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0000.00 -ADULTS'''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-29-660 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(A)17''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB17.11''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A16(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at top : state abbreviation followed by customer identification number , immediately below denomination : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" AT BOTTOM : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on GOLDENROD paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 4-73-986 {{space|4}} TIPP CITY ---- ---- '''PPS-A18''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Rectangular label with UPS shield and package logo at top. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.01''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at center : Above date is the customer identification number : gripper marks can be seen vertically at left : "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : Below that "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} 1-29-815 {{space|4}} AMSTERDAM, NY ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.02''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : Date at center : Above date is V/F : Below date is the customer identification number : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on pale yellow paper '''PPS-AB18.02.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00'''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB18.02.2'''[[File: PPS-A18(02)b 240811.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00'''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} TN {{space|4}} 3-11-030 {{space|4}} TRENTON ::: {{space|4}} GA {{space|4}} 3-24-403 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} MI {{space|5}} 4-59-945 {{space|4}} LIVONIA ::: {{space|4}} IA {{space|5}} 5-30-672 {{space|4}} MARSHALLTOWN ::: {{space|4}} WI {{space|4}} 5-89-840 {{space|4}} MILWAUKEE <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB18.02.3'''[[File: PPS-A18(02)c.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00'''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|10}} CT {{space|4}} 0-18-865 {{space|4}} GOSHEN, CT ::: {{space|10}} VA {{space|4}} 2-97-417 {{space|4}} WINCHESTER, VA <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB18.02.4''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00'''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-A18.02.5''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--0.00'''{{space|4}} <br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1a''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.03''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(03).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom without box ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1b''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.04''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(04).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : Without "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)1d''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.05''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(05).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : User's return address is replaced with "'''IF RECEIVED IS NOT / AVAILABLE - DELIVER AND / USE RELEASE NO. ____'''" ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.06''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : Box with "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom does not include Company name, only address. '''PPS-AB18.06.1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00'''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB18.06.2''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00'''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB18.06.3''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00'''{{space|4}} [[File: PPS-A18(06).png|right|250px]] : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|10}} {{space|4}} 6-13-678 {{space|4}} CHICAGO '''PPS-AB18.06.4''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--0.00'''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)2a''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.07''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(07).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(06)''' : No box around return address ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.08''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(08).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(02)''' : Without box containing local return address at bottom : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Light blue on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 922-537 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.09''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(09).png|right|325px]] : As '''PPS-A18(07)''' : Date at center : Above date is F/V : Above F/V "'''Clerk Amount Trans No.'''" : "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at bottom : Below that "'''CLERK AMOUNT TRANS NO.'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IA {{space|4}} 5-31-256 {{space|4}} PEOSTA ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)5''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.10.''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(10).png|right|325px]] : Similar to '''PPS-A18(04)''' : Date at center : Above date is F/V : Above box at bottom is "UPS" flanked by state abbreviation : Box with customer identification number at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 499-305 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(C)6''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.11''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(11).png|right|325px]] : Similar to '''PPS-AB18.10.''' : Date at center : Above date is F/V : "'''Acct. #'''" above customer ID number : Customer identification number at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 499-344? {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(N)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.12''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(12).png|right|325px]] : "UPS" Shield at top : Customer identification number at below shield : At center is F/V : At base up arrow, foloowed by "''' ALSO SHEET / THIS NUMBER'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}--00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 9-70-X04 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(P)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.13''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}}}} [[File: PPS-A18(13).png|right|325px]] : "UPS" Shield at top : At center is F/V : At base is handwritten customer identification number : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 1-90-X70 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(R)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB18.14.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A18(14)1.png|right|325px]] : : At center is F/V : Below F/V is date : At base is customer identification number : Above customer identification number is "UPS" shield : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} WA {{space|4}} 9-73-031 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB18.14.2B''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=2|color=red|('''RRR''')}}}} [[File: PPS-A18(14)1.png|right|325px]] : As "'''PPS-A18(14)1''' : With user's address at top ---- ---- '''PPS-AB19''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Rectangular label with UPS shield and package logo at top. : Control Number Box located in lower portion of label : Label dimensions vary from 48 x72mm to 48 x 75mm ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(E)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.01.''' National Cash Register (NCR). "'''EKU'''" 27 NOV 1974 [[File: PPS-A19(01).png|right|325px]] : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box : State abbreviation preceded customer Identification number : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-NNN, N-NN-NNN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 470X70 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB19.02.''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A19(03).png|right|325px]] : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box : State abbreviation preceded customer Identification number : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-NNN, N-NN-NNN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : Local return address with or without "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-59-920 {{space|4}} BURLINGAME ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(E)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.03.''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-NNN, N-NN-NNN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : Local return address with or without "'''LOCAL RETURN ADDRESS'''" at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper '''PPS-AB19.03.1'''[[File: PPS-A19(03)1.png|right|300px]] : "'''ups'''" in lower case preceding customer Identification number : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|8}} {{space|4}} 910X28 {{space|4}} '''PPS-AB19.03.2''' : "'''ups'''" in lower case followed by "'''R'''" preceding customer Identification number '''PPS-AB19.03.3''' : "'''ups'''" in lower case followed by state abbreviation preceding customer Identification number '''PPS-AB19.03.4''' : "'''ups'''" in upper case preceding customer Identification number '''PPS-AB19.03.5'''[[File: PPS-A19(03)5.png|right|300px]] : "'''N.Y.R.N.'''" in upper case preceding customer Identification number : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} N.Y.R.N. {{space|4}} 149X48 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(E)4''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.04.''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number only in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN x NNN, NNN-X-NN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|8}} {{space|4}} 448-X-02 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(V)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.05.''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A19(05).png|right|300px]] : Local Return address at top, no shield : Date at bottom right : Above date is the customer identification number in control box, below ID number in box is "'''ALSO SHEET THIS NO.'''" : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN x NNN, NNN-X-NN'''", or "'''N●NNN●NNN'''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} above control box. : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} CL {{space|4}} 800-184 {{space|4}} DENVER ::: {{space|4}} CL {{space|4}} 802-754 {{space|4}} BROOMFIELD <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(S)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB19.06.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). : At top is the customer identification number in control box, below ID number in box is "'''ALSO SHEET THIS NO.'''" : Date at center : Relatively small "UPS" logo shield at center below date : Color: Purple on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple and red on goldenrod yellow paper : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Gray on white paper ---- '''PPS-AB19.06.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A19(06)1.png|right|325px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.1A''' no local return address <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.1B''' with local return address at bottom <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AB19.06.2''' National Cash Register (NCR). : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB19.06.2A''' no local return address[[File: PPS-A19.06.2A 250424.png|right|325px]] : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} AL {{space|4}} 3-35-113 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.2B''' with local return address at bottom[[File: PPS-A19.06.2 250424.png|right|325px]] <br><br><br><br> : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} WI? {{space|4}} ?-?9-859 {{space|4}} HUDSON <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AB19.06.3''' National Cash Register (NCR). : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.3A''' Relatively small "UPS" logo shield at center below date <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AB19.06.3B''' Relatively large "UPS" logo shield at bottom [[File: PPS-A19(06)3.png|right|325px]] : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} UT {{space|4}} 8-40-289 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(F)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB20.1''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number only in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN, NNN-X-NN'''" : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on pale yellow paper '''PPS-AB20.1-1''' : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} '''PPS-AB20.1-2'''[[File: PPS-A20(01)2.png|right|300px]] : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-00.00 '''{{space|4}} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 470x71 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB20.2'''[[File: PPS-A20(02).png|right|300px]] : As "'''PPS-AB20.1-2'''" with return address at top center. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on pale yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IA {{space|4}} 5-31-114 {{space|4}} Des Moines <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(F)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB20.3''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A20(033).png|right|300px]] : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number preceded by "'''ups'''" in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN '''" : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=4|}}'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} ups {{space|4}} 470X70 {{space|4}} <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue| unlisted in ''Hawkins 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB20.4''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A20.4.png|right|300px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-AB20.3'''" but without "UPS" shield at the top. : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number preceded by "'''ups'''" in control box : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN '''" : V/F: {{space|4}} {{font|size=4|}}'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} ups {{space|4}} 771X11 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- '''PPS-AB21''' National Cash Register (NCR). {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(G)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.1''' [[File: PPS-A21.png|right|300px]] : relatively large UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} A {{space|4}} 541-147 {{space|4}} <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(J)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.2''' [[File: PPS-A21(02).png|right|300px]] : small UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|8}} {{space|4}} 019-X50 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} MI {{space|4}} 450-X01 {{space|4}} <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(T)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.3''' [[File: PPS-A21(03).png|right|300px]] : "Local Return Address" at top without UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6●07●000 {{space|4}} CHICAGO ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 651●402 {{space|7}} ELK GROVE VILLAGE <br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(T)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB21.4''' [[File: PPS-A21.4-.png|right|300px]] : Without "Local Return Address" heading at top : Without UPS shield logo at top : Date at base : Above date is the customer identification number in control box with shield saying "PKG / ID / #" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 651●482 {{space|4}} ELK GROVE VILLAGE <br><br><br> ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(H)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB22''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Small control number box at top : UPS shield logo below box : Date at center : State abbreviation and customer identification number appear near bottom above "'''also sheet this no.'''" : Local return address at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} MO {{space|4}} 665-267 {{space|4}} MARYLAND HTS ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(I)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB23''' National Cash Register (NCR). : Control number box at top with State abbreviation and customer identification number : UPS shield logo below box : Date at center : appear near bottom above "'''also sheet this no.'''" : Local return address at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 4-74-964 {{space|4}} TALLMADGE ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(K)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB24''' National Cash Register (NCR). [[File: PPS-A24.png|right|300px]] : Control number box at top with State abbreviation , customer identification number, UPS shield logo AND "'''ALSO SHEET THIS NUMBER'''" : Date at center : Customer identification number formatted "'''NNNXNN, NNNxNN '''" : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}★000.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} OR {{space|4}} 945x20 {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(L)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB25''' National Cash Register (NCR). ---- '''PPS-AB25.01'''[[File: PPS-A25(01).png|right|300px]] : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom above date : UPS shield logo at top left with local return address to right : Date at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 629-905 {{space|4}} McGAW PARK ---- '''PPS-AB25.02'''[[File: PPS-A25(02).png|right|300px]] : As '''PPS-AB25.01''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom above date : At top is local return address : Date at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} AZ {{space|4}} 878-880 {{space|4}} TEMPE ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(Q)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB26''' National Cash Register (NCR). :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A67'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.01'''[[File: PPS-A26(01).png|right|300px]] : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom above rectangle. : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom enclosed in a rectangle : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} B {{space|4}} 611-558 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AB26.02.1''' : As '''PPS-AB26.01''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom BELOW the logo : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom NOT enclosed in a rectangle : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper ---- '''PPS-AB26.02.2''' : As '''PPS-AB26.01''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom ABOVE the logo : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom NOT enclosed in a rectangle : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper ---- '''PPS-AB26.02.3''' : As '''PPS-AB26.02.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at bottom BELOW the logo : Date at center : UPS shield logo at bottom NOT enclosed in a rectangle : Local Return Address at top : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on yellow paper : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : Color: Purple on bright pink paper ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.1'''[[File: PPS-A26(03)1.png|right|250px]] : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : "UPS" shield logo at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} MO {{space|4}} 6-66-610 {{space|4}} ST. LOUIS :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.2''' : As '''PPS-AB26.03.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : "UPS" shield logo at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.3''' : As '''PPS-AB26.03.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : "UPS" shield logo at bottom : With additional local return address at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- '''PPS-AB26.03.4''' : As '''PPS-AB26.03.1''' : State abbreviation and customer identification number at TOP : local return address is below state abbreviation and customer identification within box : Date at center : Without "UPS" shield logo at bottom : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on goldenrod paper :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(O)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB26.04'''[[File: PPS-A26(04).png|right|250px]] : Boxed state abbreviation and customer identification number at top with "UPS" logo. : At base is local return address : Date at center below denomination : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: Purple on white paper : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 643-776 {{space|4}} DEERFIELD :::::<font color=RED><font size=2>For similar items with the Customer ID at top and no "'''UPS'''" shield see "'''PPS-A27'''"</font></font> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(X)7''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB27.0''' National Cash Register. : Customer ID number at top : Denomination below : Date : "'''UPS OH-1820 UPS'''" : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-.00 '''{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(X)7''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB27.1''' National Cash Register. [[File: PPS-A27.1 250320.png|right|250px]] : Customer ID number at top : Denomination below : Date : "'''UPS OH-1820 UPS'''" : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}-0.00 '''{{space|4}} <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''B(W)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB66.0'''{{space|4}}"'''National Cash Register''' ("'''NCR'''"){{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A66.0.png|right|200px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Date : {{space|15}} Customer identification number at center below date : Return address within box at bottom <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AB66.1'''{{space|4}}"'''National Cash Register''' ("'''NCR'''"){{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A66.1.png|right|200px]] : {{space|15}} Customer identification number at center below date : {{space|15}} Return address within box at top below customer identification number : {{space|15}} F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : {{space|15}} Date : {{space|15}} Customer identification number repeated at bottom <br><br><br><br> </div> ---- '''PPS-AC28''' Postalia. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''C(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AC28.01'''[[File: PPS-A28(01)Z2.png|right|325px]] : UPS shield logo at center, : date to left of logo : F/V to right of logo : Machine numbers (0004-1726) at right above F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left below date : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), : Color: {{space|4}} Blue, Green, Purple (R) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 0969 Po {{space|4}} OH-1715 {{space|4}} 4-73-232 {{space|4}} Blue ::: {{space|4}} 1066 Po {{space|4}} NY {{space|13.5}} 1-59-517 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 1138 Po {{space|4}} OH-1716 {{space|4}} 4-74-580 {{space|4}} Red ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''C(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AC28.02A'''[[File: PPS-A28(02)A.png|right|325px]] : Similar to "PPS-AC28.01" : UPS shield logo at center, : date to left of logo : F/V to right of logo : Larger machine numbers (650000, 651000) at right above F/V : "Po" at right below F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left below date : EKU 24 MAY 1976 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 650261 {{space|4}} NYR {{space|4}} 1-40-566 {{space|4}} NEW YORK ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''C(B)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AC28.02B'''[[File: PPS-A28(02)B.png|right|325px]] R : Similar to "PPS-A28(01)" : UPS shield logo at center, : date to left of logo : F/V to right of logo : Larger machine numbers at right above F/V : Number Series : 404000, 407000, 410000, 413000, 416000,420000-424000, 426000 : "Po" at right below F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left below date : EKU 16 MAY 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}} 00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 407393 {{space|4}} CL {{space|4}} 8-01-847 {{space|4}} FORT COLLINS ----* ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(A)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD29'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''" {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A29.png|right|450px]] : Single line date within double-circle town mark at left is a separate die : UPS shield logo at center, : F/V to right of logo : Identification numbers at right below F/V : Number Series : 005117 (only number known) : "FRIDEN" at right above F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left : Mechanical Register Model UP-6 on Mailing Machine Model 410 or 420, dual printhead mechanism. : EKU 6 DEC 1973 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red? : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 005117 {{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 4-76-236 {{space|4}} AKRON [misalignment on dual printhead] ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(A)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD30''' {{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A30.png|right|400px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD29" : Single line date between 2 lines at left : UPS shield logo at center, : F/V to right of logo : Identification numbers at right below F/V : Number Series : 005177-005529 : "FRIDEN" at right above F/V : "'''COMMON / CARRIER'''" at left : Mechanical Register Model UP-6 on Mailing Machine Model 410 or 420, dual printhead mechanism. : EKU 27 MAY 1969 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red : '''Note''': lines above and below date as well as the arrows in date may be missing, perhaps due to incomplete inking or die sinkage.[[File: PPS-AD30 250718.png|right|400px]] {{font/top|size=2}} :’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 5075 | NC | 2-11-671 | | A var | MAY17'71 | R | missing lines above and below date |- | 5189 | GA | 3-24-571 | | | FEB 8'72 | | |- | 5335 | IL | 6-29-813 | CHICAGO | | | | Known with "slogan" inverted |- | 5376 | NC | 2-11-671 | | | MAR17'70 | R | Customer data in a separate handstamp, missing lines above and below date |- | 5434 | MC | 4-53-297 | | | | | |- | 5533 | NC 1130 | 2-11-671 | | A var | DEC 6'71 | R | missing lines above and below date |} {{font/end}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD31.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-AD31.1A 250718.png|right|350px]] : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at right of F/V box : date to left of F/V box, : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "FRIDEN" followed by ID number : '''Long line''' below date and ID number : Number Series : 001000, 002000, 003000, and 04000(RRRR) : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010, Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 AUG 1968 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Black : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 001368 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-52-130 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} (Missing "UNITED") ::: {{space|4}} 001669 {{space|4}} WI {{space|4}} 5-89-986 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 002788 {{space|4}} MN {{space|4}} 565-636 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 003818 {{space|4}} MS {{space|4}} 026-983 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} (Missing box around F/V) ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(B)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD31.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A31(01)2.png|right|450px]] : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at right of F/V box : date to left of F/V box, : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "FRIDEN" followed by ID number : '''short line''' below ID number only : Number Series : 001000, 002000, 003000, and 04000(RRRR) : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010, Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 AUG 1968 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 002508 {{space|4}} PA {{space|4}} 184-945 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AD31.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A31(02).png|right|450px]] : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at right of F/V box : date to left of F/V box, : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Number Series : 002000, 003000 : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010, Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine) : Color: {{space|4}} Red : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 002263 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 966-690 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 002645 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 002910 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}} 003017 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A32(01).png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "FRIDEN" followed by ID number : Number Series : 5070000 : Mechanical Register Model 9223 on Mailing Machine Model 9010,9112, 9120, or 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 3 MAR 1972 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} .00 '''{{space|4}} (Three bank machine, no triad with dollar values) : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Black : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 5070012 {{space|4}} GA {{space|4}} 3-22-078 {{space|4}} ATLANTA {{space|4}} (Known with "Alanta") ::: {{space|4}} 5070114 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-05-287 {{space|4}} SO SAN FRANCISCO ::: {{space|4}} 5070329 {{space|4}} VA {{space|4}} 2-88-737 {{space|4}} BEDFORD ::: {{space|4}} 5070383 {{space|4}} IL {{space|4}} 6-29-551 {{space|4}} HEBRON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(A)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(02)AA.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9010,9112, 9120, or 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 09 JUN 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(B)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2B1'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(02)B1.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9010,9112, 9120, or 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 09 JUN 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(B)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2B2'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(02)B2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box, : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), Black {{font/top|size=2}} ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 8400350 | MN | 561-638 | | | | | |- | 8400885 | TX | 751-200 | IRVING | | | | |- | 8401538 | WI | 582-420 | | | JUL 8'82 | R | |- | 8410928 | WI | 575-956 | | C var | APR 21'87 | R | |- | 8412149 | CT | 018-152 | | C var | FEB 13'86 | R | |- | 8417143 | NJ | 061-395 | MAHWAH | C var | DEC26'88 | R | |} {{font/end}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)2(B)''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.2B3'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A32(02)B3a.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Has printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8410000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 26 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), Black {{font/top|size=2}} ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 8410020 | CA | 929-768 | | | | | |- | 8410101 | TX | 756-909 | Arlington | | SEP 14'82 | Bk | |- | 8410399 | NC | 203-303 | | C | FEB28'85 | R | |} {{font/end}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)3''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.3A1'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A1.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8300000 : Mechanical Register Model 9253 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 8 JUL 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 8300056 {{space|4}} CT {{space|4}} 017-143 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)3(A)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD32.3A2'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "Friden" followed by ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8310000 : Mechanical Register Model 9253 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 1 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)4(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD33.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A33(01).png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 3 FEB 1978 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common), Black {{font/top|size=2}} ’’’Known usage’’’: {| class="wikitable" |- ! <u>Meter no's</u> ! <u>State</u> ! <u>Customer ID</u> ! <u>City</u> ! <u>Slogan Slot Type</u> ! <u>Date</u> ! <u>Color</u> ! <u>Note</u> |- | 4000073 | PA | 174-683 | NO. WALES | C Var | APR 4'78 | | |- | 4000342 | CT | 051-327 | AVON | C var | MAR 8'79 | Bk | |- | 4000619 | UT | 841-215 | SALT LAKE CITY | C var | DEC22'78 | | May be missing frame around date, |- | 4000660 | NJ | 068-972 | CLIFTON | C var | JAN10'79 | Bk | |- | 4000753 | GA | 328-885 | WARNER ROBINS | C var | JAN31'83 | R | Robins AFB |} {{font/end}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)4(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD33.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A33(02)A.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 5 MAR 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)3(A)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD33.2B'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 1 SEP 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)5(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD34.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)5(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD34.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A34(02).png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is "SINGER" followed by ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 4 JAN 1978 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}} 6000026 {{space|4}} CA {{space|4}} 9-28-348 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A35.1A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 21 NOV 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(A)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A36(01)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}8400630{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}159-794 {{space|4}} HICKSVILLE ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A36(02)A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 21 NOV 1980 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(B)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.2B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A36(02)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD33" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" is ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 12 NOV 1982 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(C)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.3A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A32(03)A2.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 4000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9234 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 29 JUL 1982 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)6(C)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.3B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}} [[File: PPS-A35(03)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD32.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" i ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8310000 : Mechanical Register Model 9253 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 14 MAR 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)8 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD35.3C'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''RRRR''')}} [[File: PPS-A35(03)C.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35.3B" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, within single circle Town Mark : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" i ID number : Line at bottom is not interrupted by ID number : Does have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 8400000 : Mechanical Register Model 9254 on Mailing Machine Model 9141,9146, 9148, 9150, 9151, 9180 or 3000. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU 30 OCT 1981 : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}8400686{{space|4}}PA {{space|4}}167-876 {{space|4}} PITTSTON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(A)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}}[[File: PPS-A36(01)A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(C)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}}}[[File: PPS-A36(01)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Narrow triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(B)(1) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A36(02)A.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) Wide triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)7(B)(2) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD36.2B'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} {{font|size=3|color=red|('''R''')}}[[File: PPS-A36(02)B.png|right|450px]] : Similar to "PPS-AD35" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 0.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wIDE triad : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD37.1A'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A37(01)A.png|right|700px]] : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number preceded by "'''SINGER'''" : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 5070000 : Mechanical Register Model 9233 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}.00 ≋'''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wide triad before and after denomination. : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}5071505{{space|4}} OH {{space|4}} 474-775 {{space|4}} COMLUMBUS [note spelling error] ---- '''PPS-AD37.1B'''{{space|4}}"'''Singer'''"{{space|5}} : As "PPS-AD37.1A" : Four sets of 4 dashes stacked at left : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)10 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD37.2A'''{{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "PPS-AD37.1 : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 6000000 : Mechanical Register Model 9239 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120, 9125. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}.00 ≋'''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wide triad before and after denomination. : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AD37.2B'''{{space|4}} {{space|4}}"'''Transitional Friden/Singer'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A37(02)B.png|right|450px]] : As "PPS-AD37.1B" : Four sets of 4 dashes stacked at left : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}5072296{{space|4}} WI {{space|4}}582-537 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(C)11 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD37.3'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "PPS-AD37.1" : Rectangular, 56 x 23mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo, single lines above and below, double lines to right and left : "COMMON CARRIER" below box : Below "COMMON CARRIER" ID number preceded by "'''Friden'''" : Line at bottom not interrupted by ID number : Does not have printing cycle number in customer information : Number Series : 5070000 : Mechanical Register Model 9233 on Mailing Machine Model 9110,9112, 9120. Single printhead mechanism. Single printhead mechanism. : EKU ? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}.00 ≋'''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine) wide triad before and after denomination. : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}5071900{{space|4}}NC {{space|4}}209-711 {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden Alcatel'''"{{space|5}} : This group is printed on pressure sensitive paper and is characterized by large rectangular box, : containing the state abbreviation, customer identification number, and thee wording 'PKG ID#", : and a "'''red-on-white'''" UPS shield and package logo to the right. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.11A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ {{space|4}}070-635 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.11B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}130-816 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.12A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.12B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL {{space|4}}641-360 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.21A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "'''PPS-AD38.11A'''" : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ {{space|4}}070-635 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.21B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "'''PPS-AD38.11B'''" : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Short tape without "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU 11 NOV 1985 : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}130-816 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.22A'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : Similar to "'''PPS-AD38.12A'''" : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is no "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''D(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD38.22B'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden'''"{{space|5}} : F/V "MANIFEST" below shield replaces F/V : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date above logo, : There is "'''Friden Alcatel '''" between box and shield : Frame line at top of box not interrupted by "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" : Long tape with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''Unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AD65'''{{space|4}}"'''Friden Alcatel'''"{{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A65 250111.png|right|500px]] : {{space|15}} Horizontal Label divided into three sections, similar to "'''A45'''" and "'''A62'''" : {{space|15}} Left section with "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" : {{space|15}} Customer identification number at top of center section box, "'''PKG ID'''" AT bottom : {{space|15}} Right section with "'''Friden / Alcatel'''" vertically, with "'''UPS'''" emblem to the right, date at top : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WA{{space|4}}787-401 {{space|4}} <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''E''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AE39'''{{space|4}}"'''Hasler'''"{{space|5}} : The indicium is a rectangular box divided by two horizontal lines. : "'''United Parcel Service'''" appears in the top section. : The "UPS shield and parcel" logo appears at the left of the center section : followed by the F/V and then by 3 stacked vertical lines. : The bottom section contains the unit identification number preceded by "'''H'''" ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''E(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AE39.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Hasler'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A39.1.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 37 x 27.5mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo : Number Series : 300000, 2100000, 2200000, 2300000, 2400000, 2500000, and 2600000 : Mechanical Register Model 2413U UPS on Mailing Machine Model 202S or 204S. : EKU 9 DEC 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine)}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : Color: {{space|4}} Blue ({{font|size=3|color=blue|RR}}) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}2283962{{space|4}}MA {{space|4}}015-813 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}2484669{{space|4}}WA {{space|4}}940-842 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''E(A)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AE39.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Hasler'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RRRR}}) [[File: PPS-A39(02).png|right|450px]] : Rectangular, 44 x 32.5mm : F/V at center in box : UPS shield logo at left of F/V box : date to left of logo : Number Series : 2131708 or 2161271 (only ones known). : Mechanical Register Model 2413U UPS on Mailing Machine Model 202S or 204S. : EKU 9 DEC 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3>'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} (Four bank machine)}} : Color: {{space|4}} Red (common) : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}2131708{{space|4}}CT {{space|4}}0-41-533 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}2161271{{space|4}}CA {{space|4}}9-51-998 {{space|4}} ---- '''PPS-AF40'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RRRRR}}) : Rectangular with 2 vertical lines at each side outside the rectangle. : Rectangular box divided into two sections, top and bottom. ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.11.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A40.1(A)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET THIS / NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in two lines below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 26 JAN 1976 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA {{space|4}}959-927 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.11.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A40.1(A)2.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET THIS / NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 5 MAR 1979 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MD {{space|4}}295-955 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}RI {{space|4}}031-767 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.12.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) [[File: PPS-A40.1(B)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET THIS / NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines above box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 28 APR 1977 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ {{space|4}}068-969 {{space|4}} EAST HANOVER NJ ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)4a ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.21.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) [[File: PPS-A40.2(A)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines split between above and below box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 17 APR 1980 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY {{space|4}}159-470 {{space|4}} WOODBURY NY ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)4b ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.21.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines split between above and below box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)5 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.22.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|RR}}) [[File: PPS-A40.2(B)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Return address in two to three lines above box : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 2 MAY 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WI {{space|4}}584-661 {{space|4}} MILWAUKEE WI ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA {{space|4}}995-206 {{space|4}} CERRITOS CA ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)6a ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.23.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.2(C)1.png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 26 JAN 1979 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY/RN {{space|4}}163-215 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX {{space|7}}750-649 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|1=''Hawkins Type '''F(A)6b ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.23.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|(R)}}) : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET / THIS NO.'''" : Date and delivery charges in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 26 JAN 1979 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''00.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)7 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.31'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.3(A).png|right|350px]] : Top section of box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom section of box with "'''ALSO SHEET NO.'''" : There is an additional section below with "'''SIGNATURE RELEASE NO'''" : Below this section is a line with local retail delivery area : Date and weight in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 23 AUG 1978 : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY/RETAIL{{space|4}}147-460 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY/RETAIL{{space|4}}191-517 {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|color=orange|"'''NOTE'''" There appear to be several varieties of this type, potential for subdivision.}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)8 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.1'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)3.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 23 AUG 1978 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Black : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}629-826 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}650-363 {{space|4}} DES PLAINES IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.2'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)2.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 2 FEB 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}PA{{space|4}}165-882 {{space|4}} EMMAUS PA ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}GA{{space|4}}385-317 {{space|4}} CARTERSVILLE GA ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}610-181 {{space|4}} ELK GROVE IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)9 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.3'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.2''' but no F/V : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and weight in lbs. in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)11 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.41.4'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)4.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 6 JUN 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}068-992 {{space|4}} SECAUCUS NJ ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA{{space|4}}959-187 {{space|4}} SAN FRANCISCO CA ---- '''PPS-A40.4(A)5'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(A)5.png|right|350px]] : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-AF40.41.4''' but without box : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : At top are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 13 MAY 1983 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Violet ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)10 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.42'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A40.4(B).png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line : Block font : Similar to '''PPS-A40.4(A)1''' but taller : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 16 FEB 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MA{{space|4}}015-918 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}750-649 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(A)13 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF40.43'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Middle line "'''SIGNATURE REQUIRED'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Above the box are two to three lines with the local return address. : Date and F/V in one line below box : Parcel Computer 4 (PC-4) or Model 1020. : EKU 6 JUN 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF41'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With short "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU 6 JUN 1981 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-A41.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A41.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NH{{space|4}}028-528 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}062-743 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}756-544 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF41.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}062-743 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF41.12''' with weight in place of F/V.[[File: PPS-A41.1b.png|right|350px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA{{space|4}}885-613 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF41.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box.[[File: PPS-A41.2.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MO{{space|4}}668-961 {{space|4}} JEFF CITY, MO ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NV{{space|4}}873-199 {{space|4}} SPARKS, NV ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF42'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With large "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A42.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}DE{{space|4}}199-939 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF42.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}629-906 {{space|4}} MC GAW PARK, IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AF43'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With no manufacturer name above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AF43.1''' Short 75x32mm : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG44'''{{space|4}}"'''Data Card'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With small "'''DATA CARD'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A44.1B.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MA{{space|4}}015-838 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}782-900 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG44.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box.[[File: PPS-A44.2.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TN{{space|4}}307-201 {{space|4}} DRESDEN, TN ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG45'''{{space|4}}"'''Data Card'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With large "'''DATA CARD'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.1''' Short 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A45.1.png|right|350px]] :: {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MI{{space|4}}416-970 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V.[[File: PPS-A45.1a.png|right|350px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MA{{space|4}}028-260 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG45.2''' Long 122x32mm, with return address to left of box.[[File: PPS-A45.2.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}629-906 {{space|4}} MC GAW PARK, IL ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG46'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With large "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU 14 MAY 1985 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.1''' Short: 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A46.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}065-248 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG46.2''' Long: 122x32mm with "''' RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box[[File: PPS-A46.2.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}TX{{space|4}}774-637 {{space|4}} FORT WORTH ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG47'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Without large "'''ORBITRAN'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG48'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box without bottom frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.1''' Short: 75x32mm [[File: PPS-A48.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MI{{space|4}}415-560 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.11''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.12''' with weight in place of F/V. :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.2''' Long: 120x32mm with "''' RETURN ADDRESS'''" to left of box[[File: PPS-A48.2.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}VA{{space|4}}200-437 {{space|4}} SPRINGFIELD, VA : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AG48.21''' with "'''MANIFEST'''" in place of F/V.[[File: PPS-A48.2a.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NJ{{space|4}}060-366 {{space|4}} S. BRNSWK, NJ ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''F(B)3 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AG49'''{{space|4}}"'''Orbitran'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-AG49 250903.png|right|350px]] : Rectangular box with "'''UPS SHIPPER NUMBER'''" interrupting the top frame line : Rectangular box with bottom frame line : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : "'''UPS'''" shield to right of box : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line with "'''PKG ID #'''" centered in box : Parcel Computer 5 (PC-5) or PCS-2000 with an LP-6 Label Printer. : EKU 06 MAY 1990 : "MANIFEST" in place of F/V : Color: {{space|4}} Red ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''G(A) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AH49'''{{space|4}}"'''DIGI'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at center right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at center left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom left : EKU 21 DEC 1987 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red, Violet : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.1''' Customer identification number unboxed [[File: PPS-A49.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}PA{{space|4}}174-000 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.21''' Customer identification number boxed with jagged line. Package ID # included in box. "'''DIGI POSTAL '''" vertical at far right : {{space|15}} At bottom "DIGI REG# [8 digits] TRANS#" [[File: PPS-A49.2a.png|right|500px]] :: {{space|15}} ''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MN{{space|4}}562-976 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.22''' Customer identification number boxed with straight line. Package ID # included in box. "'''DIGI POSTAL '''" vertical at far right : {{space|15}} At bottom "DIGI REG# [8 digits] TRANS#" [[File: PPS-A49.2b.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IL{{space|4}}619-767 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AH49.23''' Customer identification number boxed with straight line. Package ID # included in box. without "'''DIGI POSTAL '''" vertical at far right : {{space|15}} At bottom "DIGI REG# [8 digits] TRANS#" [[File: PPS-A49.2c.png|right|500px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}OR{{space|4}}849-241 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(A)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI50'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A50.png|right|300px]] : Date at lower center : Denomination at lower right : Preprinted Customer identification number preceded by state abbreviation at top. : Customer identification number reads "'''NNNXNN'''" : EKU 16 OCT 1986 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★000 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Black on white : TEC Model MA-135-CUP : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}} {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(A)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI51'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A51.png|right|300px]] : Date at lower center : UPS shield and package logo at top left : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at right of logo, below "'''UPS'''" : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN'''" : EKU 13 MAR 1992 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★000 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Black on white : TEC Model MA-135-CUP : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}291-X78 {{space|4}} ---- ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(B) and H(D)2 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI52'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Date at middle : UPS shield and package logo at center right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number within box at top : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN, NNNXNN, or NNN XNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom left : EKU 2 SEP 1982 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} purple on goldenrod : Color: {{space|4}} purple on white : TEC Model MA-135-CUP : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI52.01''' "'''UPS'''" in box relatively large [[File: PPS-A52.0a.png|right|300px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}470-X71 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI52.02''' "'''UPS'''" in box relatively small, box at right more angular [[File: PPS-A52.1.png|right|350px]] : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}250-X00 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI52.1''' State abbreviation in box above customer ID, box at right more angular [[File: PPS-A52.11.png|right|300px]] : : {{space|15}}: EKU 10 DEC 1991 : : {{space|15}}: F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} purple on white : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}?{{space|4}}010-X51 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(C) and H(D) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI53'''{{space|4}}"'''TEC AMERICA'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) : Date at middle : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at center left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN'''" : Color: {{space|4}} purple on white : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI53.0''' [[File: PPS-A53.0.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''★0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : {{space|15}}: TEC Model MA-135-CUP : {{space|15}}: EKU 6 NOV 1988 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}170-X55 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}330-X16 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI53.1''' "'''GROUND'''" at base [[File: PPS-A53.1.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00'''{{space|4}} }} : {{space|15}}: TEC Model M-2200-15 CUP : {{space|15}}: EKU 24 NOV 1986 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}{{space|4}}580-X26 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''H(E) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AI54'''{{space|4}}{{space|5}}TEC America ({{font|size=3|color=red|'''R'''}}) : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at center right : Denomination at lower left : Customer identification number at top : Customer identification number reads "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address in middle : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI54.0''' "'''TEC AMERICA'''" Customer identification number preceded by "'''SHIPPER #'''" [[File: PPS-A54.0.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: At right "'''SHEET / THIS / # '''" : {{space|15}}: EKU 2 JUL 1979 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}OR{{space|4}}9-47-925 {{space|4}} BEAVERTON : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AI54.1'''"'''TEC AMERICA'''" Customer identification number at top alone [[File: PPS-A54.1.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: At right "'''SHEET THIS / NUMBER '''" : {{space|15}}: EKU 4 APR 1979 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}OR{{space|4}}9-47-925 {{space|4}} BEAVERTON ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''I(B) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AJ55'''{{space|4}}"'''MOS Scales'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|'''R'''}}) [[File: PPS-A55.png|right|350px]] : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number boxed at left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address in middle : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} black on white : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}MO{{space|4}}123-456 {{space|4}} ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(A) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AK56'''{{space|4}}{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|'''R'''}}) : Date at upper r1ght : UPS shield and package logo at right : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number boxed at left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address in middle : Color: {{space|4}} black on white : Varieties: : {{space|15}} '''PPS-A56.0''' [[File: PPS-A56.0.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: User's return address at bottom : {{space|15}}: EKU 25 MAR 1991 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}IN{{space|4}}739-008 {{space|4}} FT BEN HARRISON IN : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AK56.1''' [[File: PPS-A56.1 250508.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}}: Without user's return address at bottom : {{space|15}}: EKU 20 MAR 1990 : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NY{{space|4}}157-549 {{space|4}} ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}CA{{space|4}}984-203 {{space|4}} : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AK56.2''' : {{space|15}}: As '''PPS-A56.1''' Without date ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(B) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AK57'''{{space|4}} [[File: PPS-A57.png|right|300px]] : Date at left : Denomination at lower right : Customer identification number at top center : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-XNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} black on white ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(C) ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AK58'''{{space|4}}{{space|5}} [[File: PPS-A58.png|right|300px]] : Date at lower left : Box with customer id at right : Denomination at lower center : Customer identification number boxed at left : Customer identification number reads "'''NNN-NNN'''" : Package identification data at bottom right bottom of box : Local return address at left : Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AK63'''{{space|4}} Maker Unknown 1987 [[File: PPS-A63.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular self-adhesive label, 86 x 33 mm, rounded corners, with red "'''UPS'''" shield at left. : 3 lines of text, top line customer ID : Middle line is package ID : Bottom line is date ---- <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL59'''{{space|4}}"'''UPS MAIL INNOVATIONS'''"{{space|5}} : Package identification data at bottom : Local return address at top left : Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-A59.1''' [[File: PPS-A59.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: Upper right box, top line: "'''PARCEL SELECT'''", Bottom line: "'''eVS-GDE'''" : {{space|15}}: "'''CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED'''" above addressee : {{space|15}}: In box to right of bar code: 3 lines of data below "'''UPS MAIL INNOVATIONS'''" <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AL59.2''' : {{space|15}}: Upper right box, top line: "'''PS LIGHTWEIGHT'''", Bottom line: "'''eVS'''" : {{space|15}}: "'''Return Service Requested'''" above addressee : {{space|15}}: In box to right of bar code: 2 lines of data below "'''UPS MAIL INNOVATIONS'''" <br><br><br><br> : {{space|15}} '''PPS-AL59.3''' [[File: PPS-A59.3.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: Upper right box, top line: "'''US Postage Paid'''", Bottom line: "'''UPS Mail Innovations'''" <br><br><br><br> ---- '''PPS-AL60'''{{space|4}} "'''UPS SUREPOST'''" : Label consisting of 6 horizontal divisions divided by lines : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white : {{space|15}}: Section 1{{space|15}}: Return address at top left : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: QR Code, bar code and destination code : {{space|15}}: Section 3{{space|15}}: "''' UPS SUREPOST'''" above UPS tracking number : {{space|15}}: Section 4{{space|15}}: UPS tracking bar code : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination : {{space|15}}: Section 6{{space|15}}: United States Postal Service ("'''USPS'''") tracking <br><br><br><br> :'''PPS-AL60.1'''[[File: PPS-ASUR1.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 50mm wide, Destination code 50mm : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" with "Carrier Leave /If No Response" to right : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 26 x 13 mm <br><br><br><br> : '''PPS-AL60.2''' :'''PPS-AL60.21'''[[File: PPS-ASUR2.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 38mm wide, Destination code 54mm wide : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "Carrier - Leave If No Response" / "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 25 x 15 mm <br><br><br><br> :'''PPS-AL60.22'''[[File: PPS-ASUR4.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 37mm wide, Destination code 53mm wide : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "Carrier - Leave If No Response" / "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 25 x 14 mm : {{space|15}}: Section 6{{space|15}}: Below USPS Tracking code is Black Box labeled "CONSUMER COMMODITY / ORM-D / SURFACE ONLY" <br><br><br><br> :'''PPS-AL60.23''' : {{space|15}}: Section 2{{space|15}}: Bar code 50mm wide, Destination code 58mm wide : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "Carrier - Leave If No Response" / "'''USPS DELIVER TO:'''" : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Box at right dimension: 20 x 13 mm <br><br><br><br> : '''PPS-AL60.3'''[[File: PPS-ASUR3.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Section 5{{space|15}}: Delivery destination "RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED" / "USPS DELIVER TO:" <br><br><br><br> ---- <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61''' "'''UPS GROUND'''" : {{space|15}}: With sections 1-4, and 6 as listed at "'''PPS-A60'''" <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-A61.0'''[[File: PPS-AGRD2.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: Package identification data at bottom : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.1'''[[File: PPS-AGRD3.png|right|275px]] : {{space|15}}: [[File: PPS-AGRD3pp.png|70px]] at top : {{space|15}}: Package identification data at bottom : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.2'''[[File: PPS-A65.png|right|400px]] : {{space|15}}: Shipping label, right and left sections : {{space|15}}: Left section with "To:" and "From:" : {{space|15}}: Right section with Customer ID at top and "MaxiCode" 2-D barcode to its left : {{space|15}}: "'''UPS GROUND'''" above package tracking identification data at middle : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.21'''[[File: PPS-A61.2A.png|right|400px]] : {{space|15}}: Shipping label, right and left sections : {{space|15}}: Left section with "To:" and "From:" : {{space|15}}: Right section with Customer ID at top and "MaxiCode" 2-D barcode to its left : {{space|15}}: "'''UPS 2ND DAY AIR'''" above package tracking identification data at middle. : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-AL61.3'''[[File: PPS-A61.3.png|right|300px]] : {{space|15}}: Similar to "'''A61.1'''" : {{space|15}}: Right section with Destination Customer ID at top and "MaxiCode" 2-D barcode to its left : {{space|15}}: "'''UPS 2DAY AIR A.M.'''" above package tracking identification data at middle : {{space|15}}: Color: {{space|4}} black on white <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AL68'''{{space|4}} Manufacturer unknown {{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A68 250329.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}} U S Postage Paid / UPS Mail Innovations in box at top right : {{space|15}} USPS rate class below box : {{space|15}} Data Matrix 2D barcode with routing codes below rate statement : {{space|15}} "DEST ZIP:" below Datamatrix barcode : {{space|15}} PKG # and MMS # at bottom left : {{space|15}} On white self-adhesive rectangular label <br><br><br><br> {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''unlisted ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AL68.1'''{{space|4}} Manufacturer unknown {{space|5}}[[File: PPS-A68.1 250330.png|right|350px]] : {{space|15}} U S Postage Paid : {{space|15}} UPS Mail Innovations '''NOT''' in box at top right : {{space|15}} USPS rate class below box : {{space|15}} Data Matrix 2D barcode with routing codes below rate statement : {{space|15}} "ZIP" below Datamatrix barcode : {{space|15}} PKG # and MMS # at bottom left : {{space|15}} On white self-adhesive rectangular label <br><br><br><br> ---- {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''J(D)1 ''' in 1995 edition''.}} '''PPS-AM62'''{{space|4}}"'''DECdirect'''"{{space|5}} ({{font|size=3|color=red|R}}) [[File: PPS-A62.png|right|450px]] : Rectangular box contains the state abbreviation and customer identification number on top line. : Customer identification number reads either "'''NNN-NNN'''" or "'''N-NN-NNN'''" : Bottom line in box with "'''PKG ID #'''" : With small "'''DECdirect'''" above date and "UPS" shield logo. : With "'''RETURN ADDRESS'''" to the left of the box. : Digital Equipment Corporation model unknown : EKU 3 JAN 1985 : F/V: {{space|4}} {{font|size=3|'''(0)0.00 '''{{space|4}} }} : Color: {{space|4}} Red on white (Computer print in black or violet) : : {{space|15}}''Known usage'': ::: {{space|4}}{{space|4}}NH{{space|4}}028-528 {{space|4}} NASHUA NH <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-B: Indicia from Rochester Package Delivery</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Rochester Package Delivery Corporation was a local package delivery service in the Rochester, New York region. : : 193 and 195 Scio Str, Rochester, NY : Founded 1925 as "'''City Delivery Service'''" by Martin H Roessel : 1955 "'''City Delivery Service'''" sold, became "'''Rochester Package Delivery'''" : Owned by "'''E W Edwards & Son'''", "'''McCurdy & Co'''", and "'''B Forman Co'''" [Dem & Chron, 8 Sep 71, p26] : Delivered merchandise to customers of more than 90 area retail stores : 1965 Referenced in the "'''Meter Stamp Society Bulletin (MSSB)'''" [1965:101] : 1971 Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) filing states "'''Rochester Package Delivery'''" had 50 trucks and 70 employees. : 1983 Still in operation as of 25 Sep {{font/end}} <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RPD(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> <font size=3><font color=black>'''PPS-B01.''' Pitney Bowes, c1965. .</font></font>[[File: PPS-B01.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 55000 series, 55009 is known : F/V {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>★</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-C: Indicia from Retail Delivery Service</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} : "'''Retail Delivery Service'''" was first mentioned in the "'''Meter Stamp Society Bulletin'''" in 1970 [issue 128]. : In 1977 "RPD" joined in a judicial action suing "UPS" for maintaining a monopoly in the US Northeast corridor (Boston-Washington) : In 1979 the company filed for bankruptcy soon followed by auctions selling any physical assets. : From the 1980's to the present there appears an organization in Cincinnati using the same name, unsure as to a connection to the original company. {{font/end}} <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RDS(PB)''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> '''PPS-C01. Pitney Bowes''' : "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" with the standard logo centered, : Date between two lines above ID number, ID number preceded by "'''PB'''" : F/V on right also between two lines '''PPS-C01.1 ''' [[File: PPS-C01.1A.png|right|325px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>★</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 55000 series '''PPS-C01.2 ''' [[File: PPS-C01.2.png|right|325px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>≋</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 55000 series '''PPS-C01.3 ''' [[File: PPS-C01.3.png|right|325px]] :: F/V: [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]] [[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]'''.''' 00 : ID number:{{space|4}} 50000 series <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RDS(PO)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> '''PPS-C02. Postalia''' : "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" with the standard logo centered, : Date between two lines above ID number, ID number followed by "'''PO'''" : F/V on right also between two lines '''PPS-C02.1 ''' [[File: PPS-C02.1.png|right|325px]] : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font> (0).00: '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 1098 only known <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''RDS(HA)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> '''PPS-C03. Hasler''' '''PPS-C03.1 ''' [[File: PPS-C03.1.png|right|325px]] : Box with three sections : F/V in middle section : Date to left of box : F/v: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font>00.00: '''{{space|4}} : ID number in the 2300000 series preceded by "'''H'''" ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-D: Indicia from TNT Express</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : TNT Express was an international courier delivery services company with its headquarters in Hoofddorp, Netherlands (Wikipedia) : : Founded 1946 as "'''Thomas Nationwide Express'''" Adelaide, South Australia, Australia : 2011 "'''TNT Express'''" separated from its parent company "'''TNT NV'''", "'''TNT NV'''" renamed itself "'''PostNL'''" : 2012 "'''UPS'''" expressed its intention to acquire "'''TNT Express'''", which was cancelled Jan 2013 : 2015 "'''FEDEX'''" announced its purchase of "'''TNT Express'''" which was completed 1 Dec 2021. : TNT and its various divisions provided courier, parcel and remail services in at least North America and Western Europe. {{font/end}} {{font/top|size=3|color=green}} ::: '''Ref.:''' 2000 Gundel, Alex "'''Remail and the Globalization of the Mail Market'''". ::: '''Ref.:''' Stambaugh, Rick "''' Review of "Remail and the Globalization of the Mail Market'''" by Alex Gundel, MSSQB 249, Fall 2000 {{font/end}} <font size=1><font color=blue>''Hawkins Type '''TNT(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.</font></font> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D01.''' Pitney Bowes, c1972. .}}[[File: PPS-D01.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design without "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Meter numbers 50000 series : F/V {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>≋</font> .00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D02.''' Unknown, c1989. .}} [[File: PPS-D02.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: Used in Canada and/or Great Britain, with potential cross-border use in the US. :::: A. With double circle town mark / date mark :::: B. with filled single circle town mark / date mark[[File: PPS-D02B.png|right|500px]] {{font/end}} <br> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D03.''' Hasler, c1988. .}}[[File: PPS-D03.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: With Hasler meter type "'''LA1.1A'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D03.1.''' Hasler, c1988. .}}[[File: PPS-D03.1 250601.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: With Hasler meter type "'''LB1.1A'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D04.''' Hasler, c1988. .}}[[File: PPS-D03B.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} :: With Hasler meter type "'''LA1.1B'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D05.''' Hasler, c1993. .}}[[File: PPS-D05.png|right|500px]] :: With Hasler meter type "'''LB1.2C'''" :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> {{font/top|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-D06.''' Pitney Bowes, c1994. .}}[[File: PPS-D06.png|right|500px]] :: With Pitney Bowes meter type "'''IH1'''" [''7151326, 7153724''] :: Potential use by TNT as a remail service. {{font/end}} <br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-E: Indicia from Purolator</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} In the 1960's it was organized as '''Trans-Canada Couriers, Ltd.''' as a subsidiary of '''American Courier Corporation'''. In 1967 it was purchased by '''Purolator Filters''' (originally '''Motor Improvements, Inc''' 1923). In 1987 it affiliated with '''Airborne Express''' (predecessor of '''DHL''') until 2008. In 1993 '''Canada Post''' acquired 91% of Purolator's logistic services but retained the '''Purolator''' name with no connection to '''Purolator Filters'''. A subsidiary was established as '''Purolator Courier USA''' then renamed to '''Purolator USA''' eventually to '''Purolator International'''. '''Purolator''' maintains 104 shipping centers, '''Purolator International''' maintains 32 facilities in the USA and 1 in Canada. Headquarters in Mississauga, ON. Canada and Jericho, NY, USA. '''PPS-E01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1980 [[File: PPS-E01.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-A08.2b'''" without the "'''United Parcel Service'''" references. : tall date box, short dashes on right : ID# 40033 only one currently known. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]</font>0. 00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number and return address. : No triad from $10.00 on up. : ''Known usage'': ::: 40033 {{space|4}} {{space|4}} 23-73288 {{space|4}} Brampton, ONT (?) '''PPS-E02''' '''Postalia''' c1983 [[File: PPS-E02.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-C02'''" : "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" with the standard logo centered, : Date between two lines above ID number, ID number followed by "'''PO'''" : F/V on right also between two lines : F/V: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font> (0).00: '''{{space|4}} : ID number:{{space|4}} 0555 only ONE known : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. : ''Known usage'': ::: 0555 {{space|4}} KS {{space|4}} 87-27375 {{space|4}} '''PPS-E03''' '''Friden ''' c1982 [[File: PPS-E03.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-A37(03)'''" : "'''PUROLATOR COURIER'''" across the top : Indicium with complet line at top and bottom. and shorter lines at right and left : Date at left of indicium between two lines at right and left, one line at top and bottom : F/V on center in box : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]</font>0. 00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : ID number:{{space|4}}not present : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. {{font/end}} ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-F: Indicia from EFD Package Express</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} EFD Package Express was a service provided by Exhibitors Film Delivery & Service founded 2 Jan 1926. At one time it had branches in Missouri, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and New Mexico. It apparently was still in business as of 2021. {{font/end}} [[File: PPS-F000.png|right|500px]] '''PPS-F01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1979 [[File: PPS-F02.png|right|500px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} : Generic Pitney Bowes "Package Delivery Service" Indicium : ID in the 55000 series : F/V: '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} '''PPS-F02''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1980 [[File: PPS-F01.png|right|500px]] : Similar to "'''PPS-A08.2b'''" without the "'''United Parcel Service'''" references but with a deliveryman at the center : tall date box, short dashes on right : ID# in the 4900000 series vertically at right of denomination. : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number and return address. : No triad from $10.00 on up (?). {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-G: Indicia from American Messenger Service}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : There was an "'''American Messenger Service'''" on the West Coast that was founded in 1907 and is considered a forerunner of "'''UPS'''". : Joel Hawkins has this "'''American Messenger Service'''" placed in New England in the 1970's and 80's. {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G01.1.''' Pitney Bowes, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G01.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 55000 series, : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PB)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G01.2.''' Pitney Bowes, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G01.2.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 50000 series, : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00: '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PO)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G02.1.''' Postalia, c1984. .}}[[File: PPS-G02.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature crested helmet above Maltese Cross with "'''A M S'''" inscription : Meter numbers 0844-1272 known. : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00: '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(PO)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G02.2.''' Postalia, c1984. .}}[[File: PPS-G02.2.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia similar to the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Meter numbers 55000 series, 55009 is known : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋]} 00: '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(HA)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G03.1.''' Hasler, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G03.1.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature rectangular 3-sectioned box, charges in center, meter ID in bottom. : Circular date mark to left. : Meter numbers 2200000 series : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}} 00.00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''AMS(HA)2''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-G03.2.''' Hasler, c1985. .}}[[File: PPS-G03.2.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature rectangular 3-sectioned box, charges in center, meter ID in bottom. : Date only to left. : Meter numbers 2200000 series : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}} 00.00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-H: Indicia from APD}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}} : "'''APD'''" was a motor carrier / delivery company in the Michigan region, the MC number (119665) is inactive. {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''APD(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-H01.1.''' Pitney Bowes, c1966. .}}[[File: PPS-H01.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 56049 only machine known : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|★}} 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-I: Indicia from Berkshire Apparel Corporation}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=0018A8}} : It is uncertain exactly what type of delivery service this company provided. {{font/end}} {{font|size=1|color=blue|''Hawkins Type '''BAC(PB)1''' in 1995 edition''.}} {{font|size=3|color=black|'''PPS-I01.''' Pitney Bowes, c1973. .}}[[File: PPS-I01.png|right|325px]] {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} : Indicia feature the generic Pitney Bowes parcel delivery design with "'''PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE'''" inscription : Pitney Bowes model "RT" : Meter numbers 55111 only machine known : F/V {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-J: Indicia from Canpar Express}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} Canpar Express is a Canadian small parcel delivery company founded in 1976 that appears to have provided delivery services at some point in both Canada and the US. The company was purchased in 2002 by TFI International. Canpar Express' website states "Canpar Express also offers expedited service from Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver to anywhere in the continental U.S." '''PPS-J01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1979 [[File: PPS-J01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center without delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : "PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE" also omitted : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, 20000 and 55000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}★ 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number, and "'''No Signature Required'''". <br><br> '''PPS-J01.1''' '''Pitney Bowes''' : As "'''PPS-J01'''" with slogan slot filled similar to "'''PPS-J02'''" <br><br> '''PPS-J02''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J02.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center without delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : "PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE" also omitted : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, 10000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J03''' '''Postalia''' c1980 [[File: PPS-J03.png|right|500px]] : Generic Postalia Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center without delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : "PACKAGE DELIVERY SERVICE" also omitted : ID# at riht above F/V, 00000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J04''' '''Hasler''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J04.png|right|500px]] : Rectangular box, partitioned into two sections : ID# preceded by '''H''' in top section, only 2192468 known : Date within single line circle to left of box : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}00.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J05''' '''Friden''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J05.png|right|500px]] : Indicium, "'''F'''" followed by "METER" above "COMPTEUR" : ID# at top of a partitioned box, above F/V, 10033 only known : Seven small maple leafs stacked at right, with two larger maple leafs at far right : Single circle date mark at left of indicium : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. <br><br> '''PPS-J06''' '''Friden''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-J06.png|right|500px]] : Indicium simple : ID# at top of a partitioned box, above F/V, 66007 only known : "'''F METER COMPTEUR'''" below box : Seven small maple leafs stacked at right, : Single circle date mark at left of indicium : F/V in bottom section of partitioned box : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left Canpar emblem, customer identification number. {{font/end}} <br><br> ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-K: Indicia from CMR}}==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-L: Indicia from State of North Carolina Courier Service}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} "'''State of North Carolina Courier Service'''" a courier service organized by and for the State of North Carolina Department of Transportation '''PPS-L01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983 [[File: PPS-L01 2.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55134 known : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}} 00 '''{{space|4}} : Slogan slot on left filled by "''' State of North Carolina / COURIER SERVICE'''". '''PPS-L02''' '''Hasler''' c1985 [[File: PPS-L02 2.png|right|500px]] : Generic Hasler rectangular box indicium, divided into 3 sections : Circular single circle date mark to left, "COURIER" at top, "SERVICE" at bottom : ID# preceded by '''H''' in bottom section of box, only 2404361 and 2414347 known. : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|00.00 '''{{space|4}} : Slogan slot on left filled by "''' North Carolina / COURIER SERVICE / SAFETY PAYS'''" . {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-M: Indicia from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc?)}}==== {{font/top|size=3|olor=black}} Formerly identified as "'''DSI'''", MC117243 is a license number assigned to "'''Mr Messenger, Inc'''", which was originally assigned to "'''Plantation Enterprises, Inc'''" Authority to operate as a common carrier, by motor vehicle, over irregular routes, transporting: Merchandise as is dealt in dental, medical, and optical laboratories or supply houses, normally wrapped and shipped as parcels, between Providence, RI and points in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Which Mr.Messenger, Inc was also described as doing. Information on "DSI" is lacking. '''PPS-M01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983 [[File: PPS-M01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes "Parcel Delivery Service" indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, 55000 series : F/V: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|≋}}0.00 '''{{space|4}} : Slogan slot on left filled by "'''DSI '''", MC117243 and customer ID. {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-N: Indicia from Hourly}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} "'''Hourly'''" a delivery company which for a relatively short time operated in the Philadelphia area {{font/end}} '''PPS-N01''' '''Postalia''' c1968 [[File: PPS-N01 240628.png|right|500px]] : Unique horizontal indicium, center with delivery van, F/V to right, date to left : ID# between 0350 and 0729 followed by small '''PO''' at right above denomination. :"'''COMMON / CARRIER '''" above and below date respectively. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. : No triad from $1.00 on up (?). '''PPS-N02''' '''Postalia''' c1970 [[File: PPS-N01 2.png|right|500px]] : Unique horizontal indicium, center with delivery van, F/V to right, date to left : ID# between 0350 and 0729 followed by large '''PO''' at right above denomination. :"'''COMMON / CARRIER '''" above and below date respectively. : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. : No triad from $1.00 on up (?). ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-O: Indicia from Local Parcel Service}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} "'''Local Parcel Service, Inc'''" a delivery company which for a relatively short time operated in the California area '''PPS-O01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1969 [[File: PPS-O01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55044 known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|}}★ 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by customer number. {{font/end}} ---- ---- ===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PPS-P: Indicia from Maclen Express Co}}==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} Maclen Express Company of Somerville, Massachusetts received its Common Carrier designation on 15 Feb 1983 and which was revoked on 22 Aug 1985. '''PPS-P01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1983-85 [[File: PPS-P01.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55087 known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''{{font|size=4|[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]}}0. 00 '''{{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}}) : Slogan slot on left filled by a delivery van with "Maclen Express Co" on its side. : No triad from $10.00 on up (?). {{font/end}} ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-Q: Indicia from Merchants Delivery Company</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> : "'''Merchants Delivery Company'''" (ICC-MC-119990) :::: " (Federal Register 15318) ''Authority sought to operate as a common carrier, by motor vehicle, over'' :::: ''irregular routes, transporting: General commodities (except classes A and B explosives, household goods as defined by the Commission, '' :::: ''commodities in bulk, commodities requiring special equipment and those injurious or contaminating to other lading), between points in'' :::: ''Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Nebraska''" :::: "''No. MC 119990 (Sub-No. 7 TA), filed October 4, 1968. Applicant: MERCHANTS DELIVERY CO., 1212 East 19th'' :::: ''Street, Kansas City, Mo. 64108. Applicant’s representative: Frank W. Taylor, Jr., 1221 Baltimore, Kansas'' :::: ''City, Mo.64105.''" '''PPS-Q01''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1972 : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 50038 known : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4>[[File:USA meter stamp wide triad symbol.jpg|16px]]</font> 00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : Slogan slot on left filled by "MERCHANTS DELIVERY CO" above arrow. '''PPS-Q02''' '''Pitney Bowes''' c1980 [[File: PPS-Q02.png|right|500px]] : Generic Pitney Bowes Parcel Delivery Service indicium, center with delivery man, F/V to right, date to left : ID# followed by '''PB''' at left below date, only 55001 known? : V/F: {{space|4}} '''<font size=4></font>★00 '''{{space|4}} (<font size=2>''small figures, 2-3mm tall''</font>) : Slogan slot on left filled by "MERCHANTS DELIVERY CO" above arrow. ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-R: Indicia from Parcel Delivery Co</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-S: Indicia from Parcel Service</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-T: Indicia from Post Par</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-U: Indicia from Spee-Dee Delivery Service</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-V: Indicia from Metroline</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-W: Indicia from Amazon Prime</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> '''PPS-W01.0''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W001.png|right|350px]] :: Label 102mm x 157mm :: Label divided into three sections :: Section A (Top) 4 digit code followed by 3 boxes :: Section A 4 digit code for origination (Distribution Center) :: Section A boxes: Box 1: weight, Box 2: Date, Box 3: Amazon Delivery Station :: Section A remainder is delivery address :: Section B Internal tracking data :: 1-D barcode, followed by 2-D Data Matrix barcode :: Package ID :: 2 boxes Amazon Delivery Station code, cycle number :: Section C Routing :: Up to 4 2-D Data Matrix routing codes :: Printer number (?) and waybill info before and after Data Matrix barcodes :: Distribution center ID codes <br><br> '''PPS-W01.1''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W003.png|right|350px]] :: As "'''PPS-W01.0'''" but for :: Label 107mm x 157mm :: Section A has an additional 1-D barcode below address :: A Diamond shaped "'''Hazmat'''" warning emblem at right of section ::: -'''A''' Large font at top right of diamond ::: -'''B''' Small font at top right of diamond <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.2''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W004.png|right|350px]] :: As "'''PPS-W01.0'''" but for :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Section A has an "'''R'''" to right of 3rd box :: Section B has an additional line of 2 boxes with times <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.3''' c2020. . :: As "'''PPS-W01.0'''" but for :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Section A lacks Distribution center code to left of 3 boxes <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.4''' c2020. . :: As "'''PPS-W01.1B'''" but for :: Label 107mm x 157mm :: Section A lacks Distribution center code to left of 3 boxes :: Section A has an additional 1-D barcode below address :: A Diamond shaped "'''Hazmat'''" warning emblem at right of section <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W01.5''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W008.png|right|350px]] :: As "'''PPS-W01.3'''" but for :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Section A lacks Distribution center code to left of 3 boxes :: Section B has additional box white on black "'''LIQUID'''" <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W02''' c2020. . [[File: PPS-W005.png|right|350px]] :: Label 105mm x 157mm :: Box on label 97mm x 60mm :: Address at top preceded by 2-D Data Matrix barcode :: 1-D barcode vertically arranged at right of box :: 2 2-D Data Matrix barcodes to the right and left of a box with routing data <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W02.1''' c2024. . [[File: PPS-W02.1.png|right|350px]] :: Label 105mm x 157mm (approx) :: Box on label 100mm x 57mm :: Address at top preceded by 2-D Data Matrix barcode :: Direction code vertically arranged at right of box :: 2 2-D Data Matrix barcodes to the right and left of a box with routing data <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W03''' c2020. . "'''Amazon Prime - USPS'''" [[File: PPS-W006.png|right|350px]] :: Label 102 mm x 151mm :: Section A with Originators address and Addressee :: Section B with USPS tracking barcode and number :: Section C with Amazon routing data ::: -'''A''' SUNDAY DELIVERY <br><br><br><br> '''PPS-W04''' c2020. . "'''Amazon Prime - UPS'''" [[File: PPS-W007.png|right|350px]] :: Label 102 mm x 151mm :: Section A with Originators address and Addressee :: 2-D Maxi Code barcode followed by 1-D barcode with destination code :: Section B with UPS tracking barcode and number :: Section C with Amazon routing data below billing section <br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-X: Indicia from Federal Express / FEDEX</font></font>==== {{font/top|size=3|color=black}} [[File: PPS-X01.png|right|325px]] : In 1971, Frederick Smith created the "'''Federal Express Corporation'''" in Little Rock, Arkansas. : Delivery services began in 1973 with the move to Memphis, Tennessee. : The company later changed its name to the "'''FDX Corporation'''" [1997]. : 2000 (Jan) renamed to the "'''FedEx Corporation'''". {{font/end}} :: "'''ALPHABETIC LETTER CODES'''" boxed ::: -'''E''' Express ::: -'''G''' Home Delivery ::: -'''H''' Home Delivery ::: -'''S''' Ground '''PPS-X01.0''' c2020. . Short customer ID barcode :: "FedEx" wider than the Box "S" :: "Virtual" meter number and "Zebra" printer ID to right of boxed "S" vertically <br><br> '''PPS-X01.1''' c2024. . long customer ID barcode [[File: PPS-X01.1.png|right|325px]] :: "FedEx" same width as the Box "S" :: "Virtual" meter number and "Zebra" printer ID to right of boxed "S" vertically {{font/top|size=2|color=black}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! "Virtual meter number" ! "Zebra" printer serial number ! class letter ! class ! origin city |- | 252800245 | D3J182704985 | S | Ground | Hudson, OH |} <br><br> {{font/end}} '''PPS-X02.''' c2010. .[[File: PPS-X02.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: two one-dimensional bar codes :: Second segment: Shipping info :: Third segment: Routing info :: Fourth segment: PDF417 bar code :: Fifth segment: Tracking information <br><br> '''PPS-X03.''' c2024. .[[File: PPS-X03.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Shipping info :: Second segment: Routing info :: Third segment: PDF417 bar code :: Fourth segment: Tracking information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code? <br><br> '''PPS-X04.0''' c2010. International Priority Package [[File: PPS-X04.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Shipping info :: Second segment: Routing info :: Third segment: PDF417(12) bar code :: Fourth segment: Tracking information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code? <br><br> '''PPS-X04.1''' c2025. International Priority Package [[File: PPS-X04.1 250321.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Shipping info :: Second segment: Routing info :: Third segment: PDF417(12) bar code with new "'''FedEx'''" logo :: Fourth segment: Tracking information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code? <br><br><br><br><br><br> '''PPS-X05.1''' c2010. [[File: PPS-X05.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Origination info :: Second segment: Destination info :: Third segment: PDF417(14) bar code :: Fourth segment: Routing information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code/tracking? <br><br> '''PPS-X05.2''' c2024. [[File: PPS-X05.2.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Origination info :: Second segment: Destination info :: Third segment: PDF417(14) bar code :: Fourth segment: Routing information :: Fifth segment: Internal control bar code/tracking? :: Printed on "'''FedEx'''" shipper with large "'''FedEx'''" at top :: Further information at 90 degrees printed at right. <br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-Y: Indicia from DHL and DHL Global Mail</font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> <br><br> '''PPS-Y01''' c2007. DHL Global Mail [[File: PPS-Y01 250601.png|right|325px]] :: Label 89 x 38 mm, black on white :: 25.5 x 18.5 mm box in upper right :: Box: US Postage / PAID / Global Mail / 30297 :: First line/segment: PRSRT Standard Auto :: Second line/ segment: Time Sensitive Material :: Third line /segment: SM Date ######/ SM Tracking# [Note SM = :: Fourth segment: Package information, QR code <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-Z: Indicia from "'''P R China Post Office / USPS Partnership'''" </font></font>==== <font size=3><font color=0018A8></font></font> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-3Z: Indicia from "'''uniuni'''" </font></font>==== <br><br> '''PPS-3Z01''' c2024. [[File: PPS-3Z01 A250332.png|right|325px]] :: First segment: Origination info :: Second segment: Destination info :: Third segment: Tracking information, PDF417(14) bar code , :: Fourth segment: Package information, QR code <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-4Z: Indicia from "'''Too Express'''" </font></font>==== <br><br> '''PPS-4Z01''' c2025. [[File: PPS-4Z01 250415A.png|right|325px]] :: "Too Express" is a "last mile" delivery service utilizing drones :: First segment: Corporation info :: Second segment: Origination info, Destination info, QR code :: Third segment: Tracking information, PDF417(14) bar code , :: Fourth segment: Package information, <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-5Z: Indicia from "'''OnTrac'''" </font></font>==== [[File: PPS-5Z01 250502.png|right|325px]] <br><br> '''PPS-5Z''' c2025. :: "OnTrac" is a "last mile" delivery service :: First segment: Destination info :: Second segment: with PDF417(10) 2D barcode with 10 data blocks :: Third segment: (blank) :: Fourth segment: Package information, :: Fifth segment: Corporate proprietary data <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- ====<font size=4><font color=#2a3439>Sub-group PPS-6Z: Indicia from "'''Jitsu'''" </font></font>==== <br><br> '''PPS-6Z''' c2024. [[File: PPS-6Z01 250515.png|right|325px]] :: "Jitsu" also known as Gojitsu.com (formerly "AxleHire") is a "last mile" delivery service :: First segment: Origination data :: Second segment:Destination data :: Third segment: bar code :: Fourth segment: Label Print date :: Fifth segment: Boxed corporate proprietary data, package data <br><br><br><br><br><br> <br><br><br><br><br><br> ---- ---- {{BookCat}} ldoxmlqtmyn5ry52okhqmpjilanrewc 0 446845 4641046 4640945 2026-06-24T02:51:47Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Source Texts in Oberon */ Referred to the template in book rather than in my user space. 4641046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{center|[[Oberon/Naming|<span class="mw-ui-button" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;">&#x2190; Naming</span>]] [[Oberon|<span class="mw-ui-button" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;">&#x2191; Oberon front page</span>]] [[Oberon/Licenses|<span class="mw-ui-button" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;">Licenses &#x2192;</span>]]}} <br> The Oberon system runs directly on several machine architectures and as a subsystem in several host [[w:Operating system|operating systems]]. Order of rows is approximately chronological. For each variant (row), a link in the second column leads to additional information. <div id="VariantsTable"></div> ==Source Texts in [[Oberon/oreport|Oberon]]<ref name="Oberon"/>== {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | colspan="4" align="center" | Presentation as a table&#160; |- ! style="width: 15em" | Host Environment<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> ! style="width: 15em" | Software ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>archive ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>Instructions |- | [[w:Ceres_(workstation)|Ceres workstation]]<br> [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/X2321.2002A preserved Ceres]<br> [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102674736 preserved Ceres]<br> [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102722173 photo of Ceres 1]<br> [[w:Field-programmable_gate_array|FPGA]] based [https://www.terasic.com.tw/cgi-bin/page/archive.pl?Language=English&CategoryNo=165&No=830#contents Cyclone V GX]. | [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)|The Oberon System]]<br>[[Oberon/The Oberon System, V1 and V2|V1 and V2]] | colspan="2" align="center" | [http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Oberon.html Notes about Oberon] and [http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Ceres.html implementation of Ceres]<!-- <br>by Udo M&ouml;ller, 2023-25. --><ref name="VCFE2024"/><ref name="Ceres"/><br>[https://github.com/pcayuela/Project-Oberon/tree/main/CERES%20Oberon%20V4/ASCII Project-Oberon at Sourceforge]<br>[https://bitsavers.org/ETH https://bitsavers.org/ETH] |- | [[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS_DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible OS]] | [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/68911 ''Oberon for PC on an MS-DOS Base''](PDF), [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]] | align="center" | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/ Sourceforge]<br>[https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon Github] | align="center" | README.TXT for System&#160;3, Release 2.0 at [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ Sourceforge],<br>and at [https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/blob/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0/README.TXT Github] |- | Any system compatible with the included PAL library<ref name="PAL"/> | Cross-platform ETH Oberon, System&#160;3<ref name="Oberon"/> | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3/ github]<ref name="PrecompiledCrossPlatformOberon"/> |- |[[w:ARM_architecture_family#32-bit_architecture|ARMv7]] as in the [[w:Raspberry_Pi#Flagship_series|Raspberry Pi 2B]]. |QEMU image and software operable on various Raspberry Pi machines. | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3Native/releases/tag/2026-04-02 Github]. |} {{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes |'''Host Environment'''<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> |'''Software''' |'''Installation''' |25px}} {{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes |[[w:Ceres_(workstation)|Ceres workstation]].<br> [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/X2321.2002A Preserved Ceres].<br> [http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102674736 Preserved Ceres]. |[[w:Oberon_(operating_system)|The Oberon System]],<br> [[Oberon/The Oberon System, V1 and V2|V1 and V2]]. |[http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Oberon.html Notes about Oberon] and [http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Ceres.html implementation of Ceres].<ref name="VCFE2024"/><ref name="Ceres"/><br> [https://github.com/pcayuela/Project-Oberon/tree/main/CERES%20Oberon%20V4/ASCII Project-Oberon at Sourceforge]. |77px}} {{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes |[[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS_DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible OS]]. |[https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/68911 ''Oberon for PC on an MS-DOS Base''](PDF), [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]]. |README.TXT for System&#160;3, Release 2.0 at [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ Sourceforge].<br> At [https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/blob/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0/README.TXT Github]. |75px}} {{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes |Any system compatible with the included PAL library.<ref name="PAL"/> |Cross-platform ETH Oberon, System&#160;3.<ref name="Oberon"/> |[https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3/ Github].<ref name="PrecompiledCrossPlatformOberon"/> |46px}} {{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes |[[w:ARM_architecture_family#32-bit_architecture|ARMv7]] as in the [[w:Raspberry_Pi#Flagship_series|Raspberry Pi 2B]]. |QEMU image and software operable on various Raspberry Pi machines. |[https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3Native/releases/tag/2026-04-02 Github]. |68px}} ==Source Texts in [https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~wgg/CSE131B/oberon2.htm Oberon-2]== {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | colspan="4" align="center" | Presentation as a table&#160; |- ! colspan="4" align="center" <!-- style="border-top: solid 2px" --> | Source Texts in [https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~wgg/CSE131B/oberon2.htm Oberon-2] |- ! style="width: 15em" | Host Environment<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> ! style="width: 15em" | Software ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>archive ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>Instructions |- <!-- id="ETHO" --> |Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]]<ref name="Transmeta"/> | [[Oberon/ETH Oberon|ETH Oberon]], formerly System 3, PC-Native Oberon.<br />[[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Native_Oberon| Wikipedia]] | align="center" | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ SourceForge] | align="left" | [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/install|ETHZ, actual diskettes]]<br> [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/QEMUinstall|Hypervisor using diskette images]].<br> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos Oberon Tutorials] at YouTube<ref name="YouTube"/> |- | [[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS_DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible OS]] | DOS Oberon System3, Version 2.0, [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]]<ref name="DOS"/> | align="center" | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ SourceForge]<br />[https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/tree/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0 Github] | align="center" | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/README.TXT/download SourceForge]<br />[https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/blob/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0/README.TXT Github] |- | X86 PC with MS Windows | ETH Oberon for Windows<ref name="Windows"/> | align="center" | [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT Github]<ref name="Win95NT"/> | align="center" | [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT/PlugIn readme.txt] |- | HP Alpha [aka DEC AXP] with OpenVMS | [http://www.modulaware.com/mwovms.htm 64 bit (Linz-)Oberon System], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]] | align="center" | [http://www.modulaware.com/zel/aos/ modulaware.com] | align="center" | [http://www.modulaware.com/zel/aos/ OpenVMS Alpha] |- | X86, ARM, ARMv7,<br>[[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] with Linux | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/oberon-linux-revival-olr Oberon Linux Revival, OLR]<ref name="OLR"/> | colspan="2" align="center" | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias] |- | X86 PC with Linux, UltraSPARC with Solaris or Sun3 with SunOS | [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ Ulm Oberon] | colspan="2" align="center" | [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ulm.html HTML page] and manual pages in the downloads |- <!-- id="V4" --> | X86 PC with various operating systems<ref name="Linz"/> | [http://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html Linz-Oberon], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]] | align="center" | [http://olymp.idle.at/tanis/oberon.linux.html olymp.idle.at]<ref name="olymp"/> and [https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/files/ SourceForge] | align="center" | [http://olymp.idle.at/~tanis/INSTALL INSTALL at olymp.idle.at]<br>[https://sourceforge.net/p/oberon/wiki/Home/ Wiki at Sourceforge] |- | X86 PC with Windows or with *nix and Wine | [[w:BlackBox Component Builder|BlackBox Component Builder]], an [[w:Integrated_development_environment|IDE]] for [[w:Component_Pascal|Component Pascal]] <!-- | [[/BB/]] --> | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/BlackBoxCenter BB Component Builder download]. |- | [[w:Common Language Infrastructure|.NET and CLI]] | [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal, GPCP]] application for .NET and CLI<ref name="GPCP"/> | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github] <br> [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org] |- | [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]] | [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal]] application for JVM<ref name="GPCP"/> | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github] <br> [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org] |- | [[w:Linux|Linux]]-[[w:IA-32|386]], [[w:Raspberry_Pi_OS|Rasbian]], [[w:Microsoft_Windows|Windows]] | Ofront Oberon to C translator | colspan="2" align="center" | Josef Templ, [https://github.com/jtempl/ofront/ github] |- | [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/ Eigen Compiler Suite] | align="center" | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/releases/ Releases] | align="center" | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/manual User Manual] |- | Subsystem for Blackbox | Ofront+ Oberon to C translator | align="center" | various Oberon dialects | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/Oleg-N-Cher/OfrontPlus/ github] |} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes |'''Host Environment'''<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> |'''Software''' |'''Installation''' |25px}} <div id="ETHO">{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes |1=Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]]<ref name="Transmeta"/> |2=[[Oberon/ETH Oberon|ETH Oberon]], formerly System 3, PC-Native Oberon. [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Native_Oberon|Wikipedia]]&#160; |3=[https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ SourceForge]. [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/install|ETHZ, real diskettes]]. [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/QEMUinstall|Hypervisor with diskette images]]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos Oberon Tutorials at YouTube]<ref name="YouTube"/> |4=90px}}</div> {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible&#160;OS]] | DOS Oberon System3, Version 2.0, [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]]<ref name="DOS"/> | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ SourceForge] and [https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/tree/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0 Github] | 50px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86 PC with MS Windows | ETH Oberon for Windows<ref name="Windows"/> | [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT Github]<ref name="Win95NT"/> including [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT/PlugIn readme.txt]. | 25px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | HP Alpha [aka DEC AXP] with OpenVMS | [http://www.modulaware.com/mwovms.htm 64 bit (Linz-)Oberon System], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]] | [http://www.modulaware.com/zel/aos/ modulaware.com, OpenVMS Alpha] | 45px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86, ARM, ARMv7,<br>[[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] with Linux | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/oberon-linux-revival-olr Oberon Linux Revival, OLR]<ref name="OLR"/> | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias] | 45px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86 PC with Linux, UltraSPARC with Solaris or Sun3 with SunOS | [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ Ulm Oberon] | [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ulm.html HTML page] and manual pages in the downloads | 45px}} <div id="V4">{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86 PC with various operating systems<ref name="Linz"/> | [http://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html Linz-Oberon], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]] | [http://olymp.idle.at/tanis/oberon.linux.html olymp.idle.at]<ref name="olymp"/>. [https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/files/ SourceForge]. [http://olymp.idle.at/~tanis/INSTALL INSTALL at olymp.idle.at]. [https://sourceforge.net/p/oberon/wiki/Home/ Wiki at Sourceforge] | 65px}}</div> {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86 PC with Windows or with *nix and Wine | [[w:BlackBox Component Builder|BlackBox Component Builder]], an [[w:Integrated_development_environment|IDE]] for [[w:Component_Pascal|Component Pascal]]. | [https://github.com/BlackBoxCenter BB Component Builder download]. | 45px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Common Language Infrastructure|.NET and CLI]] | [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal, GPCP]] application for .NET and CLI<ref name="GPCP"/> | [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github]<br> [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org] | 65px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]] | [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal]] application for JVM<ref name="GPCP"/> | [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github] <br> [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org] | 45px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Linux|Linux]]-[[w:IA-32|386]], [[w:Raspberry_Pi_OS|Rasbian]], [[w:Microsoft_Windows|Windows]] | Ofront Oberon to C translator | Josef Templ, [https://github.com/jtempl/ofront/ github] | 25px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/ Eigen Compiler Suite] | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/releases/ Releases] and [https://ecs.openbrace.org/manual User Manual]. | 25px}} {{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | Subsystem for Blackbox | Ofront+ Oberon to C translator | [https://github.com/Oleg-N-Cher/OfrontPlus/ OfrontPlus at github] for various Oberon dialects. | 45px}} ==Source Texts in [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/tree/main/docu Active Oberon]== {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | colspan="4" align="center" | Presentation as a table&#160; |- ! style="width: 15em" | Host Environment<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> ! style="width: 15em" | Software ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>archive ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>Instructions |- <!-- id="A2" --> | Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]]. | [[Oberon/A2|A2 = AOS = Bluebottle]],<br />[[w:Bluebottle_OS|Bluebottle in Wikipedia]]. | align="center" | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/a2oberon/files/ SourceForge]. | align="center" | [[Oberon/A2#The_A2_Repository|Contemporary instructions]].<ref name="portability"/> |- | X86 PC with Solaris,<br>Linux or MacOSX (Darwin). | [[Oberon/A2#Installing_and_Running_UnixAOS|UnixAos = UnixA2]]. | align="center" | [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/ Uni-Bremen, G. Feldmann]. | align="center" | [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt Readme.txt]. |- | X86 PC with A2 or UnixA2 or WinA2. | [[Oberon/A2#Oberon_Subsystem|Oberon subsystem of A2]]. | colspan="2" align="center" | Included in A2, UnixA2 and WinA2. |- |} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes |'''Host Environment'''<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> |'''Software''' |'''Installation''' |25px}} <div id="A2">{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]]. | [[Oberon/A2|A2 = AOS = Bluebottle]].<br>[[w:Bluebottle_OS|Bluebottle in Wikipedia]]. | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/a2oberon/files/ SourceForge].<br>[[Oberon/A2#Installing_and_Running_UnixAOS|Contemporary instructions]].<ref name="portability"/> | 50px}}</div> {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86 PC with Solaris,<br>Linux or MacOSX (Darwin). | [[Oberon/A2#Installing_and_Running_UnixAOS|UnixAos = UnixA2]]. | [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos Uni-Bremen, G. Feldmann]. [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt Readme.txt]. | 50px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | X86 PC with A2 or UnixA2 or WinA2. | [[Oberon/A2#Oberon_Subsystem|Oberon subsystem of A2]]. | Included in A2, UnixA2 and WinA2. | 50px}} ==Source Texts in [https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Oberon/index.html Oberon-07]== {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | colspan="4" align="center" | Presentation as a table&#160; |- ! style="width: 15em" | Host Environment<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> ! style="width: 15em" | Software ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>archive ! style="width: 15em" | Installation<br>Instructions |- | <!-- id="V5" --> | [[w:Field-programmable_gate_array|FPGA]] [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]] | [[Oberon/V5|V5]],<br>[[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Project_Oberon_2013|Oberon V5]] in Wikipedia | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/ N.&#160;Wirth]<br>[http://www.projectoberon.net/ P.&#160;Reed] |- | <!-- id="RISCemu" --> | [[Oberon/Android]], [[w:Linux|Linux]],<br> [[w:MacOS|Mac OS X]], [[w:Unix|Unix]] or<br> [[w:Windows_NT|MS Windows]] on a wide variety of machines<ref name="RISCemuRequirements"/> | RISC Emulator written in C. | align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [https://github.com/pdewacht/oberon-risc-emu P. De Wachter] |- | Unix command line | Norebo<ref name="norebo"/> <!-- | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/pdewacht/project-norebo P. De Wachter] --> |- | <!-- id="ExtendedOberon" --> | Oberon [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]] processor or emulation of it<ref name="ExtOberonFootnote"/> | [[Oberon/Extended_Oberon|Extended Oberon]] | colspan="2" align="center" | A. Pirklbauer<br>[https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/README.md README] [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/Documentation/ Documentation]<br>[https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended Oberon{{nbhyph}}extended]<ref name="ExtOberonName"/><br>[https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-retro-compiler Oberon-retro-compiler] |- | [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]] | Emulator written in [[w:JavaScript|JavaScript]]. | rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/schierlm/OberonEmulator/ Michael Schierl]. |- | [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]] | Emulator written in [[w:Java_(programming language)|Java]]. |- | [[w:Linux|Linux]] or [[w:MacOS|Mac OS]] | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Integrated Oberon] with an emulator written in the [[w:Go_(programming_language)|Go programming language]]. | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Charles Perkins] |- | <!-- id="POL" --> | ARMv7, [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] running Linux. [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] running [[w:FreeRTOS|FreeRTOS]] on Sipeed M1s, Linux 32bit and Linux 64bit. | Project Oberon Linux, POL;<br>Using native compiler and Linux Kernel functions. | align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias] |- | rowspan="2" | [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]] | Project Oberon using oberonc compiler from L. Boasso <!-- | colspan="2" |P. Matthias --> |- | [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc Oberonc] compiler for Oberon-07.<ref name="TypeRules"/> | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ L. Boasso] |- | Any system capable of running QEMU | [https://github.com/io-core/qemu-risc6 qemu-risc6] fork of QEMU | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/io-core/ Charles Perkins]. |- | Any system capable of running [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox BlackBox Component Builder] | Oberon-07 compiler written in Oberon-2. | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox Alexander V. Shiryaev] |- | [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu] | align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu Rikke Solbjørg] |- | [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] with [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu] or a bare [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] machine. | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv oberon-riscv] <!-- | colspan="2" align="center" | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv Rikke Solbjørg] --> |} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes |'''Host Environment'''<ref name="HostEnvironment"/> |'''Software''' |'''Installation''' |25px}} <div id="V5">{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Field-programmable_gate_array|FPGA]] [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]] | [[Oberon/V5|V5]] and [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Project_Oberon_2013|Oberon V5]] in Wikipedia. | [https://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/ N.&#160;Wirth], [http://www.projectoberon.net/ P.&#160;Reed]. | 25px}}</div> <div id="RISCemu">{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[Oberon/Android]], [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:Windows_NT|MS Windows]], [[w:MacOS|Mac OS X]] or [[w:Unix|Unix]] on a wide variety of machines<ref name="RISCemuRequirements"/> | RISC Emulator written in C. | [https://github.com/pdewacht/oberon-risc-emu P. De Wachter] | 70px}}</div> {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | Unix command line | Norebo<ref name="norebo"/> | [https://github.com/pdewacht/project-norebo P. De Wachter] | 25px}} <div id="ExtendedOberon">{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | Oberon [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]] processor or emulation of it<ref name="ExtOberonFootnote"/> | [[Oberon/Extended_Oberon|Extended Oberon]] | A. Pirklbauer, [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/README.md README], [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/Documentation/ Documentation], [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended Oberon{{nbhyph}}extended]<ref name="ExtOberonName"/> and [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-retro-compiler Oberon-retro-compiler]. | 90px}}</div> {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]] | Emulator written in [[w:JavaScript|JavaScript]]. | [https://github.com/schierlm/OberonEmulator/ Michael Schierl]. | 25px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]] | Emulator written in [[w:Java_(programming language)|Java]]. | [https://github.com/schierlm/OberonEmulator/ Michael Schierl]. | 25px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Linux|Linux]] or [[w:MacOS|Mac OS]] | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Integrated Oberon] with an emulator written in the [[w:Go_(programming_language)|Go programming language]]. | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Charles Perkins] | 67px}} <div id="POL">{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | ARMv7, [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] running Linux. [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] running [[w:FreeRTOS|FreeRTOS]] on [https://dl.sipeed.com/fileList/MAIX/HDK/Sipeed-M1&M1W/Specifications/Sipeed%20M1%20Datasheet%20EN%20V1.12.pdf Sipeed M1s] and Linux 32bit or Linux 64bit. | Project Oberon Linux, POL;<br>Using native compiler and Linux Kernel functions. | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias] | 95px}}</div> {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]] | Project Oberon using oberonc compiler from L. Boasso | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias] | 45px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]] | [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc Oberonc] compiler for Oberon-07.<ref name="TypeRules"/> | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ L. Boasso] | 45px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | Any system capable of running QEMU | [https://github.com/io-core/qemu-risc6 qemu-risc6] fork of QEMU | [https://github.com/io-core/ Charles Perkins]. | 45px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | Any system capable of running [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox BlackBox Component Builder] | Oberon-07 compiler written in Oberon-2. | [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox Alexander V. Shiryaev] | 45px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu] | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu Rikke Solbjørg] | 25px}} {{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes | [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] with [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu] or a bare [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] machine. | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv oberon-riscv] | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv Rikke Solbjørg] | 67px}} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Oberon">The Oberon language evolved through several variations including [https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Oberon/Oberon.Report.pdf Oberon-90] in which Cross-platform Oberon is written. The differences between the latest 1990 version of Oberon and the 1991 superset, Oberon-2, are explained in bibliography references [[Oberon/authors#M|Moe91]] and [[Oberon/authors#M|MoW91a]].</ref> <ref name="HostEnvironment">In some cases the host environment is a bare machine. Otherwise it is a machine running another system.</ref> <ref name="VCFE2024">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEdHiE-HoGE&t=2145s Presentation at VCFE 23.0], September 2024. Jump to 35:46.</ref> <ref name="Ceres">Hypothetically a Ceres can also be built with [http://cpu-ns32k.net/Gilbert.html wire wrap].</ref> <ref name="PrecompiledCrossPlatformOberon">Links to precompiled images for MS Windows, Linux and MacOS are at the bottom of the Github page.</ref> <ref name="PAL">PAL = Platform Abstraction Layer written by Rochus Keller and included with Cross-platform Oberon. Precompiled systems are currently available for Linux x86 & x64, Mac M1 & x64 and Windows x86 & x64. Porting to another system is primarily porting the PAL library.</ref> <ref name="Transmeta">Including the [[w:Transmeta_Crusoe|Transmeta Crusoe 5400]] and the [[w:StrongARM|StrongARM SA 110 and SA 1110]].</ref> <ref name="YouTube">A PC can boot from an Oberon0 diskette in an internal drive. In that case installation of ETH Oberon can proceed directly without involvement of DOS. Part 2 in the series includes a helpful explanation of the user interface.</ref> <ref name="DOS">Sources for [https://github.com/Project-Oberon/Source-Code/tree/main/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Release%202.0 Release 2.0] are available. ASCII sources can be read with any contemporary editor. The Text sources should be read in an Oberon system; otherwise display by Linux gedit may be tolerable.</ref> <ref name="Windows">Also referred to as "ETH Oberon Plugin for Windows" and "Spirit of Oberon System3 for Windows".</ref> <ref name="Win95NT">A server at ftp&#58;//ftp.ssw.uni-linz.ac.at/ remains accessible to an FTP client and installation archives can be retrieved. The Firefox browser is unable to navigate into the subdirectories.</ref> <ref name="OLR">Sources following ETH Oberon closely. Note "Current state ... network not working."</ref> <ref name="Linz">V4 can also execute on obsolete systems [[w:Motorola_68000_series|680x0 MacIntosh]] and [[w:PowerMac|PowerMac]] with [[w:MacOS|MacOS]] to version 9 inclusive, [[w:Amiga|Amiga]], [[w:Atari_ST|Atari ST]], [[w:DECstation|DECstation]], [[w:HPUX|HP-UX]], [[w:IBM_RISC_Dystem/6000|IBM RS/6000]], [[w:SGI_IRIS|SGI IRIS]] and [[w:Sparc|SPARC]] with [[w:Solaris_(operating_system)|Solaris]]. Refer to [https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/ https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/] and [https://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html https://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html]. A native version has not been produced.</ref> <ref name="olymp">olymp.idle.at has verion 1.7.02. The last version at JKU Linz is 1.5.</ref> <ref name="GPCP">GPCP provides a compiler for Component Pascal; not a full Oberon subsystem.</ref> <ref name="portability">During the summer of 2019 work was underway at the ETHZ to improve portability and other aspects. Until the work is completed, the user may encounter difficulties with the native variant of A2. The Oberon subsystem remains available in UnixA2 and WinA2. A notice was in the [http://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/ mailing list at 2019-07-03]. Patience is advised.</ref> <ref name="RISCemuRequirements">The SDL2 library and a C99 capable C compiler are required. GCC or Clang suffice for compiling the emulator.</ref> <ref name="norebo">A software allowing execution of an Oberon command without the Oberon system and interface. The Oberon compiler, for example, can be executed at the Unix command line.</ref> <ref name="ExtOberonFootnote">Extended Oberon does not modify the RISC processor; it modifies only the Oberon system which runs on it.</ref> <ref name="ExtOberonName">Nomenclature explained in the [https://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/2023/016552.html Oberon mailing list at 2023-01-18].</ref> <ref name="TypeRules">The [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc/blob/master/doc/TypeRules.md TypeRules document] is noteworthy. Specific aspects of [[w:Data_type|types]] are discussed in the [http://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/ mailing list] beginning at 2019-12-07.</ref> }} <br> {{center|[[Oberon/Naming|<span class="mw-ui-button" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;">&#x2190; Naming</span>]] [[Oberon|<span class="mw-ui-button" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;">&#x2191; Oberon front page</span>]] [[Oberon/Licenses|<span class="mw-ui-button" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;">Licenses &#x2192;</span>]]}} {{BookCat}} jv1em98643hhpuno86bosl9fn9ls6wl 0 450676 4641014 4334957 2026-06-23T16:35:25Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4641014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TODO|Update completion indicators}} '''"Just keep in mind that what is obvious for you won't be necessarily obvious for the reader." ''' :— (cKleinhuis ) ''' The images we see on the TV screen, the raster display of a computer, or in newspapers are in fact digital images. ''' * {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Parser|Formula parser]] * {{Stage short|00%}} Computer graphic techniques ** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Image|image, texture]] ** [[Fractals/quality|Quality : How to make 2D static images (computer graphic, non-photographic digital images), escpecially fractal images for display ?]] ** '''color''' *** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Color Theory/Color gradient|color gradient ]] *** [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/workflow|color workflow]] *** coloring algorithms **** [[Color_Theory/Algorithms|general coloring algorithms]] **** [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/Algorithms|Coloring algorithms for drawing fractals]] ** [[Fractals/print|printing tips]] ** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Image noise|image noise]], glitches ** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/gfile|graphic file, data file and parameter files]] ** {{Stage short|00%}} Dimension *** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D|2D]] **** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/plane|plane: description]] **** [[Fractals/quality#resolution|Size and resolution of the image]] **** [[Fractals/scanning|Scanning, sampling and decomposition]] ***** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/coordinate|coordinate: computing]] ***** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/grid|grid, mesh, ruler, ...]] **** [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/posprocessing|Image processing - pipeline of 2D graphic]] **** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/transformation|Plane transformations, mappings]] ***** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/zoom|zoom ]] and [[Fractals/perturbation|deep zoom (perturbation)]] ***** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/plane_inversion|plane inversion]] ***** [[Fractals/unroll|unrolling (a closed curve ) ]] ***** Conformal maps ****** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Conformal map|Conformal maps applied to pictures]] ****** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/moebius|Moebius transformation]] ****** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/exp|Exponential and Mercator map ]] ****** Mapping component to the unit disk ( [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/def_cqp#Riemann_map|Riemann map]] ): ******* [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/def_cqp#Multiplier_map|Multiplier map]] and internal ray ******** [[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/def cqp#Multiplier map|on the parameter plane]] ******* Boettcher map ******** on the dynamic plane : [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/boettcher|Boettcher map]], complex potential and external ray ******** on the parameter plane : [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/MandelbrotSetExterior/ParameterExternalRay|parameter ray]] = field lines **** [[Fractals/curves|curves]] **** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/optimisation|optimisation]] **** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/algorithms|2D algorithms]] *** {{Stage short|00%}} [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/3D|3D]] *** {{Stage short|00%}} 4D * AI ** [https://beta.openai.com/docs/guides/code/introduction openai codex] ** [https://alphacode.deepmind.com/ alphacode from deepmind] * Documentation: Program is as good as it's documentation ! 4coarghwt1pscg7xe3ws398khlmx7vr 3 452115 4640995 4640909 2026-06-23T13:05:41Z MediaWiki message delivery 1188004 /* Tech News: 2026-26 */ new section 4640995 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{User:Xeverything11/tabs}} {{User:Xeverything11/header|Welcome to|Xeverything11's|updates talk page!|archives= * [[User talk:Xeverything11/archives/2022|2022]] * [[User talk:Xeverything11/archives/2023|2023]] }} </noinclude> __NOTOC__ {{User:MiszaBot/config |archive = User talk:Xeverything11/archives/%(year)d |algo = old(60d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 1 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} == Tech News: 2023-03 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == Tech News: 2023-04 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == Tech News: 2023-05 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 31 January 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:04, 6 February 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24491747 --> == Tech News: 2023-06 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides "last mile" delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:26, 13 February 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24515453 --> == Tech News: 2023-07 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:18, 20 February 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24581813 --> == Tech News: 2023-08 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:04, 27 February 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24617511 --> == Tech News: 2023-09 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:47, 6 March 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24636259 --> == Tech News: 2023-10 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:21, 13 March 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24700408 --> == Tech News: 2023-11 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:31, 20 March 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24720571 --> == Tech News: 2023-12 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:39, 27 March 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24758626 --> == Tech News: 2023-13 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 March 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == Tech News: 2023-14 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == Tech News: 2023-15 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} == <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:06, 17 April 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Tech News: 2023-16 == <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:55, 18 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 24 April 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Tech News: 2023-17 == <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 24 April 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland. Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States. She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:24, 1 May 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Tech News: 2023-18 == <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:37, 8 May 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24966177 --> == Tech News: 2023-19 == <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:17, 15 May 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25000361 --> == Tech News: 2023-20 == <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == Tech News: 2023-21 == <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> 16:55, 22 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:46, 29 May 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25074014 --> == Tech News: 2023-22 == <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 May 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, 5 June 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Tech News: 2023-23 == <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date "remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:07, 12 June 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Tech News: 2023-24 == <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == Tech News: 2023-25 == <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:18, 26 June 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25177056 --> == Tech News: 2023-26 == <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 June 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 3 July 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25241057 --> == Tech News: 2023-27 == <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == Tech News: 2023-28 == <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:14, 17 July 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25266525 --> == Tech News: 2023-29 == <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:21, 24 July 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25318972 --> == Tech News: 2023-30 == <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:48, 31 July 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25380210 --> == Tech News: 2023-31 == <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 July 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.& R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:14, 7 August 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25410866 --> == Tech News: 2023-32 == <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:"Doings in Pittsburg Society" The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:51, 14 August 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Tech News: 2023-33 == <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Insektengift]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:32, 21 August 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Tech News: 2023-34 == <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> 15:25, 21 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:16, 28 August 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Tech News: 2023-35 == <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 4 September 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Tech News: 2023-36 == <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:49, 11 September 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Tech News: 2023-37 == <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:38, 18 September 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25599361 --> == Tech News: 2023-38 == <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == Tech News: 2023-39 == <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 September 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == Tech News: 2023-40 == <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == Tech News: 2023-41 == <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 16 October 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> == Tech News: 2023-42 == <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:50, 23 October 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> == Tech News: 2023-43 == <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christiaan Hendrik "Hein" Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:09, 30 October 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Tech News: 2023-44 == <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 October 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == Tech News: 2023-45 == <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:40, 8 November 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''" (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called "Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe" (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 13 November 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Tech News: 2023-46 == <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur. The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means "gathering, meeting of a group" and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 04:07, 20 November 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Tech News: 2023-47 == <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:44, 27 November 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Tech News: 2023-48 == <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 November 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:34, 4 December 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25921616 --> == Tech News: 2023-49 == <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:26, 11 December 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25925561 --> == Tech News: 2023-50 == <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:13, 12 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:05, 18 December 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25951007 --> == Tech News: 2023-51 == <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 December 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 25 December 2023 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25971304 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26033876 --> == Tech News: 2024-02 == <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:11, 15 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Tech News: 2024-03 == <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:02, 22 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Tech News: 2024-04 == <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:03, 29 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26149847 --> == Tech News: 2024-05 == <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 January 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:23, 5 February 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26169542 --> == Tech News: 2024-06 == <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 07:00, 12 February 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26187446 --> == Tech News: 2024-07 == <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the "'''grave with the little hands'''" is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 13:24, 19 February 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Tech News: 2024-08 == <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:30, 26 February 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Tech News: 2024-09 == <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called "The Black Patti" in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:33, 4 March 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26313143 --> == Tech News: 2024-10 == <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an "anti-coup" or a "counter-coup" (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Tech News: 2024-11 == <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:52, 18 March 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Tech News: 2024-12 == <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:00, 25 March 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26447450 --> == Tech News: 2024-13 == <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 March 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:15, 1 April 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26509189 --> == Tech News: 2024-14 == <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:47, 8 April 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26550154 --> == Tech News: 2024-15 == <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 8 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:53, 15 April 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26565118 --> == Tech News: 2024-16 == <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:35, 22 April 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Tech News: 2024-17 == <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:32, 29 April 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Tech News: 2024-18 == <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 April 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:27, 6 May 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Tech News: 2024-19 == <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:39, 13 May 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26755244 --> == Tech News: 2024-20 == <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Turlough]])&#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:31, 20 May 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26789673 --> == Tech News: 2024-21 == <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:48, 27 May 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Tech News: 2024-22 == <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:14, 3 June 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Tech News: 2024-23 == <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == Tech News: 2024-24 == <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:29, 17 June 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Tech News: 2024-25 == <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates & immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 04:03, 24 June 2024 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Tech News: 2024-26 == <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 June 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called "machine grounds". Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:44, 1 July 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Tech News: 2024-27 == <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 8 July 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Tech News: 2024-28 == <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:15, 15 July 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Tech News: 2024-29 == <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:56, 22 July 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Tech News: 2024-30 == <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:44, 29 July 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Tech News: 2024-31 == <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 July 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 5 August 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Tech News: 2024-32 == <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 5 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 12 August 2024 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Tech News: 2024-33 == <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:56, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Tech News: 2024-34 == <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:19, 26 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Tech News: 2024-35 == <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 August 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == Tech News: 2024-36 == <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:42, 9 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Tech News: 2024-37 == <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == Tech News: 2024-38 == <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:29, 23 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Tech News: 2024-39 == <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:57, 30 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Tech News: 2024-40 == <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 September 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == Tech News: 2024-41 == <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:16, 14 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Tech News: 2024-42 == <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:38, 21 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Tech News: 2024-43 == <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:05, 28 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Tech News: 2024-44 == <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:57, 28 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:16, 4 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Tech News: 2024-45 == <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 4 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:09, 11 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Tech News: 2024-46 == <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 12 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:53, 18 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Tech News: 2024-47 == <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:57, 25 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Tech News: 2024-48 == <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:48, 2 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Tech News: 2024-49 == <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Tech News: 2024-50 == <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:44, 16 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Tech News: 2024-51 == <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:55, 23 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:37, 30 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:56, 6 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 13 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Tech News: 2025-03 == <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Tech News: 2025-04 == <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Tech News: 2025-05 == <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:20, 3 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Tech News: 2025-06 == <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 10 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Tech News: 2025-07 == <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:21, 17 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Tech News: 2025-08 == <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:23, 24 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Tech News: 2025-09 == <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:42, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Tech News: 2025-10 == <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:50, 10 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Tech News: 2025-11 == <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:57, 17 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Tech News: 2025-12 == <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:59, 24 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Tech News: 2025-13 == <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:52, 31 March 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Tech News: 2025-14 == <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 1 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:54, 7 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Tech News: 2025-15 == <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:27, 14 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Tech News: 2025-16 == <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:23, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Tech News: 2025-17 == <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:57, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Tech News: 2025-18 == <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 07:28, 5 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Tech News: 2025-19 == <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Tech News: 2025-20 == <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:33, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Tech News: 2025-21 == <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 06:03, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Tech News: 2025-22 == <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-23 == <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-24 == <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-25 == <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-26 == <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-27 == <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:10, 7 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Tech News: 2025-28 == <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 13:44, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Tech News: 2025-29 == <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:28, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Tech News: 2025-30 == <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:40, 28 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Tech News: 2025-31 == <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 July 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:21, 4 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Tech News: 2025-32 == <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:20, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Tech News: 2025-33 == <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:43, 18 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Tech News: 2025-34 == <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 25 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Tech News: 2025-35 == <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 August 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Tech News: 2025-36 == <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:28, 8 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Tech News: 2025-37 == <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Tech News: 2025-38 == <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:45, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Tech News: 2025-39 == <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Tech News: 2025-40 == <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 September 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:48, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Tech News: 2025-41 == <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:06, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Tech News: 2025-42 == <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:04, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Tech News: 2025-43 == <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:51, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Tech News: 2025-44 == <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 October 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> |} == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:52, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Tech News: 2025-45 == <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:54, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Tech News: 2025-46 == <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Tech News: 2025-47 == <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:27, 17 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Tech News: 2025-48 == <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 November 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 08:01, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Tech News: 2025-49 == <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:29, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Tech News: 2025-50 == <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:56, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Tech News: 2025-51 == <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:26, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Tech News: 2025-52 == <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 22 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:20, 29 December 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:00, 5 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:45, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Tech News: 2026-03 == <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:14, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-04 == <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:05, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-05 == <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 January 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:32, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-06 == <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-07 == <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 13:45, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Tech News: 2026-08 == <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 11:43, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Tech News: 2026-09 == <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 February 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:43, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Tech News: 2026-10 == <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 07:30, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Tech News: 2026-11 == <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Tech News: 2026-12 == <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:07, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Tech News: 2026-13 == <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:37, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-14 == <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 March 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:27, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-15 == <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:56, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Tech News: 2026-16 == <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:34, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Tech News: 2026-17 == <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:04, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Tech News: 2026-18 == <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 April 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:16, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Tech News: 2026-19 == <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 4 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:53, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == Tech News: 2026-20 == <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:21, 11 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Tech News: 2026-21 == <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 04:05, 21 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:32, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Tech News: 2026-22 == <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 May 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:55, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Tech News: 2026-23 == <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:20, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Tech News: 2026-24 == <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Tech News: 2026-25 == <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:52, 22 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Tech News: 2026-26 == <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 June 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> s598vhz04h8phqca9wdntutaue4itad 0 455935 4641001 4410112 2026-06-23T13:27:47Z WereSpielChequers 248949 typo 4641001 wikitext text/x-wiki = za - zajub maj = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''za''' = ''afore, ahead of, ante, before, in front of'' :* '''za-''' = ''ante-, fore-, front-, pre-, pro-'' :* '''zaa''' = ''fore, front, frontal'' :* '''zaa mesabaun''' = ''front porch'' :* '''zaa tebosgonoben''' = ''prefrontal lobotomy'' :* '''zaa yijteuzun''' = ''front vowel'' :* '''zaa zyub''' = ''frontal lobe'' :* '''zaaa''' = ''zaaa'' :* '''zaabaun''' = ''front cover'' :* '''zaabdrun''' = ''foretitle'' :* '''zabduznod''' = ''leading tone'' :* '''zaben''' = ''advancement, fronting'' :* '''zaber''' = ''to advance, to front, to set up front'' :* '''zabsag''' = ''guide number'' :* '''zabun''' = ''aim'' :* '''zabwa''' = ''advanced, fronted, set ahead'' :* '''zabyasea''' = ''prominent'' :* '''zabyasean''' = ''prominence, prominency'' :* '''zabyaseay''' = ''prominently'' :* '''zabyem''' = ''forward position'' :* '''zabyosyujlar''' = ''padlock'' :* '''zabyosyujlaren''' = ''padlocking'' :* '''zabyosyujlarer''' = ''to padlock'' :* '''zabyosyujlarwa''' = ''padlocked'' :* '''zadep''' = ''vanguard'' :* '''zadez''' = ''proscenium'' :* '''zadezyem''' = ''forestage, front stage'' :* '''zadras''' = ''foreword'' :* '''zadrev''' = ''front page'' :* '''zadun''' = ''foreword'' :* '''zadungab''' = ''prefix'' :* '''zadungaben''' = ''prefixation'' :* '''zadungaber''' = ''to prefix'' :* '''zadungabwa''' = ''prefixed'' :* '''zadwa''' = ''aforementioned, aforesaid'' :* '''zadyun''' = ''first name, forename, given name'' :* '''zaemben''' = ''placing up front, upfronting'' :* '''zaember''' = ''to place up front, to upfront'' :* '''zaembwa''' = ''placed up front, unfronted'' :* '''zaenmimufa mimpar''' = ''catboat'' :* '''zaepen''' = ''encounter'' :* '''zaeper''' = ''to encounter'' :* '''zaepya''' = ''encountered'' :* '''zaextuun''' = ''prolog'' :* '''Zafem''' = ''South Africa'' :* '''Zafema''' = ''South African'' :* '''Zafemat''' = ''South African, inhabitant of South Africa'' :* '''zagab''' = ''prefix'' :* '''zagaben''' = ''prefixing, prepending'' :* '''zagaber''' = ''to prefix, to prepend'' :* '''zagabwa''' = ''prefixed, prepended'' :* '''zagon''' = ''forehand, forepart, prow'' :* '''zagrun''' = ''mainstay'' :* '''zagyosyun''' = ''headpin'' :* '''zaiber''' = ''to take up front'' :* '''zaigper''' = ''to forerun, to outrun, to run in front, to run in the lead'' :* '''zaigput''' = ''forerunner'' :* '''zaimer''' = ''to north-east, to northeast'' :* '''zaimera''' = ''north-east, north-eastern, northeast, northeasterly, northeastern'' :* '''zaimeray''' = ''northeastward'' :* '''zaimermap''' = ''northeaster'' :* '''zaingun''' = ''pediment'' :* '''zaiper''' = ''to go up front'' :* '''zaizben''' = ''directing straight ahead'' :* '''zaizbut''' = ''postilion'' :* '''zaizbwa''' = ''pointed straight ahead'' :* '''zaizon''' = ''front direction'' :* '''zaizona''' = ''front-directed, frontward, upfront'' :* '''zaizonay''' = ''frontwards'' :* '''zaizpea''' = ''going forwards, going straight ahead, heading forward'' :* '''zaizpen''' = ''go in a forward direction, going forwards, going straight ahead, heading forward'' :* '''zaizper''' = ''to go forwards, to go in a forward direction, to go straight ahead, to head forward'' :* '''zajab''' = ''next year'' :* '''zajeb''' = ''next season'' :* '''zajib''' = ''next month'' :* '''zajuab''' = ''next Monday'' :* '''zajub jwamaj''' = ''tomorrow morning'' :* '''zajub jwamoj''' = ''tomorrow evening'' :* '''zajub maj''' = ''tomorrow during the day'' </div>{{small/end}} = zajub moj -- zanogut = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zajub moj''' = ''tomorrow night'' :* '''zajub''' = ''tomorrow'' :* '''zajuba''' = ''next, tomorrow's'' :* '''zajubea''' = ''procrastinating'' :* '''zajuben''' = ''procrastinating, procrastination'' :* '''zajuber''' = ''to procrastinate'' :* '''zajubut''' = ''procrastinator'' :* '''zajubwa''' = ''procrastinated'' :* '''zajuyeb''' = ''next Sunday'' :* '''zakum''' = ''foreside, front side'' :* '''zakun''' = ''anterior, bow, facade, face, front end, front side, frontside'' :* '''zakuna''' = ''anterior, facial, frontal, obverse'' :* '''zakunad''' = ''front edge'' :* '''zam''' = ''forefront, front'' :* '''zama''' = ''frontal'' :* '''zamanar''' = ''front light, headlamp, headlight'' :* '''zamanxer''' = ''to highlight'' :* '''zamap''' = ''headwind'' :* '''zamapa ungunmimof''' = ''raff'' :* '''zamapmimof''' = ''spinnaker'' :* '''zamas''' = ''front wall, protection'' :* '''zamasben''' = ''prophylaxis, protecting, protection, putting a wall in front'' :* '''zamasbenina''' = ''protectionist'' :* '''zamasber''' = ''to protect, to put a wall in front'' :* '''zamasbus''' = ''prophylactic'' :* '''zamasbwa''' = ''protected'' :* '''zamasbyea''' = ''prophylactic, protective'' :* '''zamasbyean''' = ''protectiveness'' :* '''zamays''' = ''revetment'' :* '''zamer''' = ''to north'' :* '''Zamera Cayupom''' = ''Northern Cyprus'' :* '''Zamera Imimag Yantaxdreun Xob''' = ''NATO'' :* '''Zamera Karolina''' = ''North Carolina'' :* '''zamera maalman''' = ''aurora borealis'' :* '''Zamera Mim''' = ''North Sea'' :* '''zamera''' = ''northern'' :* '''Zamera Uyanmel''' = ''Northern Europe'' :* '''Zamera Uyanmela''' = ''Northern European'' :* '''zamerat''' = ''northerner'' :* '''zameray''' = ''northerly, northernly, northward'' :* '''zamerbyia''' = ''north-originating'' :* '''zamerbyua''' = ''north-bound, northbound, northward'' :* '''zamerbyuay''' = ''north-bound, northbound, northward'' :* '''zamerbyumxwa''' = ''northbound'' :* '''zamerem''' = ''north, northern region'' :* '''Zamergona''' = ''Nordic, Norse'' :* '''Zamergonad''' = ''Norse'' :* '''Zamergonat''' = ''Nordic, Norseman'' :* '''zamermap''' = ''norther'' :* '''Zamernad''' = ''Arctic Circle'' :* '''Zamernod''' = ''North Pole'' :* '''zames''' = ''front door'' :* '''zamesag''' = ''porte cochere'' :* '''zamimof''' = ''foresail'' :* '''zamimof mimpar''' = ''dhow'' :* '''zamimuf''' = ''foremast'' :* '''zamimuf yabzyin''' = ''foretop'' :* '''zamisabaun''' = ''awning'' :* '''zamog''' = ''facet'' :* '''zamogika''' = ''faceted'' :* '''zamoj''' = ''eve'' :* '''zamuf''' = ''bowsprit, forepole'' :* '''Zam-Usoma''' = ''Afro-American'' :* '''zam-yalza''' = ''african violet'' :* '''zan''' = ''face, fascia, front'' :* '''zana''' = ''anterior, facial, front, frontal'' :* '''zana sim''' = ''front seat'' :* '''zanad''' = ''fore-line, front, frontier, frontline'' :* '''zanadi''' = ''front lines'' :* '''zanam''' = ''shop front'' :* '''zanan''' = ''anteriority'' :* '''zanapa''' = ''next'' :* '''zanavis''' = ''jabot'' :* '''zanay''' = ''anteriorly, frontally, frontwards'' :* '''zaned''' = ''anterior plane, face, front, frontal plane'' :* '''zaneda''' = ''anterior, frontal'' :* '''zanig''' = ''forecourt, foreground, frontage, headway'' :* '''zanogen''' = ''advancement, graduation'' :* '''zanoger''' = ''to advance, to graduate'' :* '''zanogut''' = ''graduate'' </div>{{small/end}} = zanoya -- zaokyaxer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zanoya''' = ''frontless'' :* '''zanuka''' = ''frontless'' :* '''zanunam''' = ''shop front, window display'' :* '''zao-''' = ''back-and-forth, front-and-back, north-south'' :* '''zaobar''' = ''toggle switch'' :* '''zaobas''' = ''wag'' :* '''zaobas zeymep''' = ''swing bridge'' :* '''zaobasea''' = ''rocking, swaying'' :* '''zaobasea sim''' = ''rocker, rocking chair'' :* '''zaobasea sum''' = ''rocking bed'' :* '''zaobasea tibuj''' = ''wagging tail'' :* '''zaobasen''' = ''nutation, rocking, swaying'' :* '''zaobaser''' = ''to nutate, to rock, to wabble'' :* '''zaobaseuxer''' = ''to whirr'' :* '''zaobasler''' = ''to shag'' :* '''zaobassim''' = ''rocker, rocking chair'' :* '''zaobassum''' = ''cradle, crib'' :* '''zaobaxen''' = ''rocking, swinging'' :* '''zaobaxer ha byexar''' = ''to swing the bat'' :* '''zaobaxer''' = ''to rock, to scrabble'' :* '''zaobaxut''' = ''scrabbler'' :* '''zaobaxwa''' = ''rocked, swung'' :* '''zaobaysea''' = ''wagging'' :* '''zaobaysen''' = ''wagging'' :* '''zaobayser''' = ''to wag'' :* '''zaobelar''' = ''ferry, shuttle'' :* '''zaobelea mipar''' = ''ferryboat, shuttle boat'' :* '''zaobelen''' = ''ferrying, shuttling, taking back-and-forth'' :* '''zaobelen noyx''' = ''ferriage'' :* '''zaobeler''' = ''to ferry, to shuttle, to take back-and-forth'' :* '''zaobelwa''' = ''ferried, shuttled'' :* '''zaoben''' = ''toggling'' :* '''zaober''' = ''to swing, to toggle'' :* '''zaobier''' = ''to ferry, to shuttle, to take back-and-forth'' :* '''zaobras''' = ''quaver'' :* '''zaobrasden''' = ''quavering'' :* '''zaobrasder''' = ''to quaver'' :* '''zaobrasea''' = ''quavering'' :* '''zaobrasen''' = ''quavering'' :* '''zaobraser''' = ''to quaver'' :* '''zaobrasyea''' = ''quavery'' :* '''zaobuxen''' = ''jostling, pushing back-and-forth'' :* '''zaobuxer''' = ''to jostle, to push back-and-forth'' :* '''zaobuxwa''' = ''jostled, pushed back-and-forth'' :* '''zaobwa''' = ''swung, toggled'' :* '''zaobyex''' = ''swat, swing of the bat'' :* '''zaobyexar''' = ''swatter'' :* '''zaobyexarut''' = ''batsman'' :* '''zaobyexen''' = ''batting, swatting'' :* '''zaobyexer''' = ''to swat'' :* '''zaobyexun''' = ''swat'' :* '''zaobyexwa''' = ''batted, swatted'' :* '''zaobyosea''' = ''dangling'' :* '''zaobyoser''' = ''to dangle'' :* '''zaobyoxen''' = ''dangling'' :* '''zaobyoxer''' = ''to dangle'' :* '''zaobyoxwa''' = ''dangled'' :* '''zaobyuxen''' = ''jostling'' :* '''zaobyuxer''' = ''to jostle'' :* '''zaodal''' = ''chat, conversation, dialog, dialogue'' :* '''zaodalea''' = ''chatting, conversant'' :* '''zaodalen''' = ''chatting, conversing, dialoguing, talking back-and-forth'' :* '''zaodaler''' = ''to chat, to converse, to dialog, to talk back-and-forth'' :* '''zaodalut''' = ''chatter'' :* '''zaodalyea''' = ''chatty'' :* '''zaodalyean''' = ''chattiness'' :* '''zaogobler''' = ''to cut back-and-forth'' :* '''zaogoflar''' = ''ripsaw'' :* '''zaogoflir''' = ''ripsaw'' :* '''zaoigper''' = ''to run back-and-forth'' :* '''zaoilpea''' = ''fluctuating'' :* '''zaoilpen''' = ''fluctuation'' :* '''zaoilper''' = ''to flow back-and-forth, to fluctuate'' :* '''zaokyaben''' = ''shifting back-and-forth'' :* '''zaokyapen''' = ''shifting back-and-forth'' :* '''zaokyasea makilp''' = ''a.c., alternating current'' :* '''zaokyaser''' = ''to alternate, to shift back-and-forth, to switch back-and-forth'' :* '''zaokyaxar''' = ''alternator'' :* '''zaokyaxen''' = ''alternation, switching back-and-forth'' :* '''zaokyaxer''' = ''to alternate, to switch back-and-forth'' </div>{{small/end}} = zaokyaxwa -- zaper = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zaokyaxwa''' = ''alternated, switched back-and-forth'' :* '''zaokyup''' = ''slalom'' :* '''zaokyupen''' = ''slalom'' :* '''zaokyuper''' = ''to slalom, to slide back and forth'' :* '''zaomelzyeg''' = ''soil stack'' :* '''zaomera''' = ''north-south'' :* '''zaomeray''' = ''in a north-south direction'' :* '''zaomermuf''' = ''purlin'' :* '''zaomernad''' = ''longitude'' :* '''zaomernada''' = ''longitudinal'' :* '''zaomernada pyaon''' = ''longitudinal wave'' :* '''zaomernaday''' = ''longitudinally'' :* '''zaomeryuznad''' = ''meridian'' :* '''zaomeryuznada''' = ''meridian'' :* '''zaomimpar''' = ''ferry, ferryboat'' :* '''zaomimparen''' = ''ferrying'' :* '''zaomimparer''' = ''to ferry'' :* '''zaomimparwa''' = ''ferried'' :* '''zaopas''' = ''bout'' :* '''zaopasea''' = ''moving back and forth, vacillating'' :* '''zaopasen''' = ''shifting back-and-forth, vacillating, vacillation'' :* '''zaopaser''' = ''to move back-and-forth, to move this way and that, to shift back-and-forth, to vacillate'' :* '''zaopaslea''' = ''wobbling'' :* '''zaopaslen''' = ''wobbling'' :* '''zaopasler''' = ''to wobble'' :* '''zaopaslun''' = ''wobble'' :* '''zaopaxer''' = ''to move back-and-forth, to shift, to swing'' :* '''zaopaxwa''' = ''swung'' :* '''zaopayslea''' = ''quivering, quivery'' :* '''zaopayslen''' = ''quivering'' :* '''zaopaysler''' = ''to quiver'' :* '''zaopayslun''' = ''quiver'' :* '''zaopea''' = ''alternating, going back-and-forth, shuttling, swinging'' :* '''zaopen''' = ''alternating, going back-and-forth, shuttling, swinging'' :* '''zaoper''' = ''to alternate, to go back-and-forth, to shuttle, to swing'' :* '''zaopmes''' = ''swinging door'' :* '''zaopsim''' = ''swing'' :* '''zaopsim yembwas''' = ''swing set'' :* '''zaopur''' = ''ferry, shuttle bus, shuttle car'' :* '''zaopusen''' = ''jumping back-and-forth'' :* '''zaopuser''' = ''to jump back-and-forth'' :* '''zaoput''' = ''shuttler, swinger'' :* '''zaopux''' = ''toss'' :* '''zaopuxen''' = ''bandying, throwing back and forth, tossing'' :* '''zaopuxer''' = ''to bandy, to jostle, to throw back and forth, to throw back-and-forth, to toss'' :* '''zaopuyxer''' = ''to toss back-and-forth'' :* '''zaopyasen''' = ''jumping back-and-forth'' :* '''zaopyaser''' = ''to jump back-and-forth'' :* '''zaopyoser''' = ''to pendulate'' :* '''zaotyop''' = ''errand'' :* '''zaotyopen''' = ''running back and forth'' :* '''zaotyoper''' = ''to daddle, to fribble, to maunder, to run back and forth'' :* '''zaotyoput''' = ''errand boy'' :* '''zaozeybwa''' = ''criss-crossed, crisscrossed'' :* '''zaozeypea''' = ''criss-crossing'' :* '''zaozeypen''' = ''crisscrossing'' :* '''zaozeyper''' = ''to criss-cross, to crisscross'' :* '''zaozyun''' = ''shuttlecock'' :* '''zap''' = ''lead'' :* '''zapad''' = ''squall, squeal'' :* '''zapaden''' = ''squealing'' :* '''zapader''' = ''to squall, to squeal'' :* '''zapadut''' = ''squaller, squealer'' :* '''zapas''' = ''progress'' :* '''zapaseay''' = ''progressively'' :* '''zapasen''' = ''progression'' :* '''zapaser''' = ''to move in front, to move up front, to progress, to take the lead'' :* '''zapasin''' = ''progressivism'' :* '''zapasina''' = ''progressivist'' :* '''zapasinut''' = ''progressivist'' :* '''zapasyea''' = ''progressive'' :* '''zapat''' = ''swallow'' :* '''zapatayebtef''' = ''busby'' :* '''zapaxen''' = ''giving the lead, moving up front'' :* '''zapaxer''' = ''to give the lead to move up front'' :* '''zapaxwa''' = ''given the lead, moved up front'' :* '''zapea''' = ''front-running, leading'' :* '''zapem''' = ''foregather'' :* '''zapeput''' = ''outrider'' :* '''zaper''' = ''to go up front, to lead'' </div>{{small/end}} = zapuen -- zavabdeym = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zapuen''' = ''arriving before, being, getting ahead of, outstripping'' :* '''zapuer''' = ''to arrive ahead of, to arrive before, to get ahead of, to outstrip'' :* '''zaput''' = ''front-runner, frontrunner, head of the pack, person in the lead, praetor'' :* '''zaputa''' = ''praetorian'' :* '''zapuxul''' = ''propellant'' :* '''zapya''' = ''ahead, in the lead'' :* '''zapyaosea''' = ''pitching'' :* '''zapyaoser''' = ''to pitch'' :* '''zapyaser''' = ''to leap out front'' :* '''zapyexovar''' = ''cow catcher'' :* '''zapyux''' = ''head-on collision'' :* '''zapyuxer''' = ''to collide head-on'' :* '''zasiz''' = ''frontispiece'' :* '''zatam''' = ''facade, front of the house'' :* '''zatayeb''' = ''forelock'' :* '''zatayob''' = ''carapace, foreskin, prepuce, shell'' :* '''zatayoyb''' = ''hymen'' :* '''zatayoyba''' = ''hymenal, hymeneal'' :* '''zateab''' = ''cornea'' :* '''zateaba''' = ''corneal'' :* '''zateabmafnod''' = ''leucoma'' :* '''zateaxer''' = ''to face, to look at head-on'' :* '''zateb''' = ''face, sinciput'' :* '''zateba''' = ''facial, frontal'' :* '''zateben''' = ''facing'' :* '''zateber''' = ''to face'' :* '''zatebos''' = ''cerebrum'' :* '''zatebosa''' = ''lobar'' :* '''zatebosoben''' = ''lobotomy'' :* '''zatebosober''' = ''to lobotomize'' :* '''zatebosobwa''' = ''lobotomized'' :* '''zatebwa''' = ''faced'' :* '''zatebyen''' = ''mien'' :* '''zatem''' = ''foyer, lobby, vestibule'' :* '''zateobukxer''' = ''to clear the throat'' :* '''zateupib''' = ''foretooth'' :* '''zatex''' = ''aforethought'' :* '''zateyob bekul zyunog''' = ''throat lozenge'' :* '''zateyob''' = ''gullet, larynx, throat'' :* '''zateyoba''' = ''jugular, laryngeal'' :* '''zateyoba yuzteuzun''' = ''laryngeal consonant'' :* '''zateyobbok''' = ''croup, laryngopathy, throat disease'' :* '''zateyobboka''' = ''croupy'' :* '''zateyobboyk''' = ''laryngitis, throat soreness'' :* '''zateyobgoblut''' = ''cutthroat'' :* '''zateyobibvyilxen''' = ''gargling'' :* '''zateyobibvyilxer''' = ''to gargle'' :* '''zateyobtun''' = ''laryngology'' :* '''zateyobtuna''' = ''laryngological'' :* '''zateyobtunay''' = ''laryngologically'' :* '''zateyobtut''' = ''laryngologist, throat doctor'' :* '''zateyobukxen''' = ''clearing the throat'' :* '''zateyobyena''' = ''throaty'' :* '''zateyobyenay''' = ''throatily'' :* '''zateyoybyenan''' = ''throatiness'' :* '''zatiav''' = ''dickey'' :* '''zatim''' = ''antechamber, anteroom, forecastle, front room'' :* '''zatob''' = ''foreman, foreperson'' :* '''zatomof''' = ''awning, overhang, pavilion'' :* '''zatuf''' = ''foresleeve'' :* '''zatup''' = ''forelimb'' :* '''zatuyub''' = ''forefinger'' :* '''zatyob''' = ''foreleg'' :* '''zatyoub beaxar''' = ''shinguard'' :* '''zatyoub''' = ''shin'' :* '''zatyoubaib''' = ''shinbone'' :* '''zatyouf''' = ''shin strap'' :* '''zatyoyab''' = ''forefoot, forehoof'' :* '''zatyoyaba pyex''' = ''forehand'' :* '''zatyoyaf''' = ''vamp'' :* '''zauber''' = ''to bring up front'' :* '''zaumer''' = ''to north-west, to northwest'' :* '''zaumera''' = ''north-west, north-western, northwest, northwestern'' :* '''zaumeray''' = ''northwesterly, northwestward'' :* '''zaumermap''' = ''northwester'' :* '''zaupen''' = ''coming up front'' :* '''zauper''' = ''to come forward, to come up front'' :* '''zauyn''' = ''forequarter'' :* '''zauzaser''' = ''to bow forward'' :* '''zavabdeym''' = ''front lawn, front yard'' </div>{{small/end}} = zavol -- zaynabxwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zavol''' = ''parsley'' :* '''zay''' = ''ahead, forth, forward, forwardly, forwards, froward, on, onward, toward the front'' :* '''zay bi''' = ''on from'' :* '''zay bu''' = ''ahead to, forth to, on to'' :* '''zay-''' = ''forth-, pro-'' :* '''zay yez bi ha domep''' = ''up the street'' :* '''zaya''' = ''frontward'' :* '''zaya kinad''' = ''forward slash'' :* '''zayaz''' = ''pommel'' :* '''zayazbuxer''' = ''to frogmarch'' :* '''zayb''' = ''advance'' :* '''zaybaea''' = ''forward leaning'' :* '''zaybaen''' = ''leaning forward'' :* '''zaybaer''' = ''to lean forward, to lean forwards, to tilt forward'' :* '''zaybea''' = ''furthering'' :* '''zaybelar''' = ''conveyance'' :* '''zaybelen''' = ''carrying forth, conveying'' :* '''zaybeler''' = ''to carry forth, to convey'' :* '''zaybelut''' = ''conveyor, propagator'' :* '''zaybelwa''' = ''carried forth, conveyed'' :* '''zayben''' = ''advancement, furtherance, furthering, presentation'' :* '''zayber''' = ''to advance, to move ahead, to move forward, to present, to set forward'' :* '''zaybexen''' = ''taking forward'' :* '''zaybexer''' = ''to take forward'' :* '''zaybexwa''' = ''taken forward'' :* '''zaybien''' = ''taking ahead, taking forward'' :* '''zaybier''' = ''to take ahead, to take forward, to take on'' :* '''zaybiwa''' = ''taken ahead, taken forward'' :* '''zaybixen''' = ''protraction'' :* '''zaybixer''' = ''to protract, to pull forth, to pull forward'' :* '''zaybixwa''' = ''protracted, pulled forward'' :* '''zaybixyea''' = ''protractive'' :* '''zaybuen''' = ''presentation'' :* '''zaybuer''' = ''to present'' :* '''zaybun''' = ''present'' :* '''zaybuut''' = ''presenter'' :* '''zaybuwa''' = ''presented'' :* '''zaybux''' = ''drive'' :* '''zaybux mampur''' = ''prop plane'' :* '''zaybuxar mampur''' = ''prop plane, propeller plane'' :* '''zaybuxar mapatub''' = ''propeller blade, vane'' :* '''zaybuxar''' = ''prop, propeller'' :* '''zaybuxayl''' = ''propellant'' :* '''zaybuxen''' = ''advancement, advancing'' :* '''zaybuxer''' = ''to advance, to push ahead, to push forward, to thrust, to whig'' :* '''zaybuxil''' = ''liquid propellant'' :* '''zaybwa''' = ''advanced, froward, furthered'' :* '''zaydyuen''' = ''elicitation'' :* '''zaydyuer''' = ''to elicit'' :* '''zaydyuwa''' = ''elicited'' :* '''zayejub''' = ''next week'' :* '''zayejubuj''' = ''next weekend'' :* '''zayiber''' = ''to take forward'' :* '''zayigper''' = ''to run forward'' :* '''zayijim''' = ''concourse'' :* '''zayilp''' = ''onrush, reflex, retro-flux'' :* '''zayilpea''' = ''onrushing'' :* '''zayiper''' = ''to go ahead'' :* '''zayizbasea''' = ''pointing forward'' :* '''zayizber''' = ''to point forward'' :* '''zayizbwa''' = ''pointed forward'' :* '''zayiztuyuxer''' = ''to point forward'' :* '''zayjub''' = ''the day after'' :* '''zaykexen''' = ''scouting out, searching ahead'' :* '''zaykexer''' = ''to scout, to search ahead'' :* '''zaykexut''' = ''scout'' :* '''zaykexwa''' = ''scouted out, searched ahead'' :* '''zaykisea''' = ''bending forward'' :* '''zaykiser''' = ''to bend forward'' :* '''zaykixen''' = ''bending forward, bowing forward'' :* '''zaykixer''' = ''to bend forward, to bow forward'' :* '''zaykixwa''' = ''bent forward, bowed forward'' :* '''zaykyoben''' = ''transplanting'' :* '''zaykyobwa''' = ''transplanted'' :* '''zaymays''' = ''bulkhead'' :* '''zaymusnogxer''' = ''to step forward'' :* '''zaynabxea''' = ''promoting'' :* '''zaynabxen''' = ''promoting, promotion'' :* '''zaynabxer''' = ''to promote'' :* '''zaynabxwa''' = ''promoted'' </div>{{small/end}} = zaynog -- zayubut = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zaynog''' = ''progress'' :* '''zaynyadtyoper''' = ''to march on'' :* '''zayobaser''' = ''to bow forward'' :* '''zayp''' = ''advance, progress, step forward'' :* '''zaypan''' = ''inroad, motion forward, progress'' :* '''zaypaper''' = ''to fly forward'' :* '''zaypas''' = ''progress'' :* '''zaypasea''' = ''moving ahead, moving forward, moving up front, progressing'' :* '''zaypasen''' = ''moving forward, progression'' :* '''zaypaser''' = ''to move forward, to progress'' :* '''zaypasin''' = ''progressivism'' :* '''zaypasina''' = ''progressive, progressivist'' :* '''zaypasinan''' = ''progressiveness'' :* '''zaypasinut''' = ''progressivist'' :* '''zaypasyea''' = ''progressive'' :* '''zaypasyean''' = ''progressiveness'' :* '''zaypasyeay''' = ''progressively'' :* '''zaypax''' = ''promotion'' :* '''zaypaxea''' = ''promoting'' :* '''zaypaxen''' = ''advancement, advancing, moving ahead, promoting, promotion'' :* '''zaypaxer''' = ''to advance, to move ahead, to promote'' :* '''zaypaxut''' = ''promoter'' :* '''zaypaxwa''' = ''advanced, moved ahead, promoted'' :* '''zaypayxena''' = ''promotional'' :* '''zaypea''' = ''advancing'' :* '''zaypea pyaon''' = ''progressive wave'' :* '''zaypen''' = ''advancement, proceeding'' :* '''zayper''' = ''to advance, to go ahead, to go forward, to march on, to proceed'' :* '''zaypuen''' = ''appearance, presentation'' :* '''zaypuer''' = ''to appear, to arrive up front, to present oneself'' :* '''zaypus''' = ''advancement, leap ahead, surge'' :* '''zaypusea''' = ''advancing, dashing ahead, surging'' :* '''zaypusen''' = ''advancement, dashing ahead, jumping ahead, jumping forward, leaping forward, skipping ahead, surging'' :* '''zaypuser''' = ''to advance, to dash ahead, to jump ahead, to jump forward, to leap forward, to skip ahead, to surge'' :* '''zaypux mampur''' = ''jet aircraft, jet airplane, jet plane, jet-propelled aircraft, jetliner'' :* '''zaypux''' = ''propulsion, thrust'' :* '''zaypuxar''' = ''jet, thruster'' :* '''zaypuxea''' = ''propulsive'' :* '''zaypuxen''' = ''jet propulsion, projecting, projection, propelling, propulsion, thrusting'' :* '''zaypuxer''' = ''to jet-propel, to project, to propel, to thrust'' :* '''zaypuxren''' = ''shooting forward'' :* '''zaypuxur''' = ''jet engine, thrust engine, thruster'' :* '''zaypuxwa''' = ''jet-propelled, projected, propelled'' :* '''zaypuysen''' = ''skipping ahead'' :* '''zaypuyser''' = ''to skip ahead'' :* '''zaypuyxen''' = ''tossing forward'' :* '''zaypuyxer''' = ''to toss forward'' :* '''zaypuyxwa''' = ''tossed forward'' :* '''zaypya''' = ''advanced'' :* '''zaypyaser''' = ''to shoot forward'' :* '''zaypyaxen''' = ''shooting forward'' :* '''zaypyaxer''' = ''to shoot forward'' :* '''zaypyaxwa''' = ''shot forward'' :* '''zaypyen''' = ''procedure'' :* '''zaypyena''' = ''procedural'' :* '''zaypyena vyab''' = ''procedural rule'' :* '''zaypyenay''' = ''procedurally'' :* '''zaypyiker''' = ''to struggle along'' :* '''zaypyosea''' = ''falling forward'' :* '''zaypyoser''' = ''to fall forward'' :* '''zaypyoxen''' = ''dropping forward'' :* '''zaypyoxer''' = ''to drop forward'' :* '''zaypyoxrawa''' = ''dropped forward'' :* '''zayteax''' = ''lookahead'' :* '''zayteaxea''' = ''expectant, forward-looking'' :* '''zayteaxen''' = ''expectation, looking ahead'' :* '''zayteaxer''' = ''to expect, to look ahead, to look forward to'' :* '''zayteaxwa''' = ''expected'' :* '''zaytebsinea''' = ''facing ahead, facing forward'' :* '''zaytebsinen''' = ''facing ahead, facing forward'' :* '''zaytebsiner''' = ''to face ahead, to face forward'' :* '''zaytex''' = ''aim'' :* '''zaytexen''' = ''aiming, thinking ahead'' :* '''zaytexer''' = ''to aim, to think ahead'' :* '''zaytexwa''' = ''aimed'' :* '''zaytyoper''' = ''to step forward, to walk ahead'' :* '''zayuben''' = ''forwarding'' :* '''zayuber''' = ''to forward, to send ahead, to send forth, to send on'' :* '''zayubna''' = ''upcoming'' :* '''zayubut''' = ''forwarder'' </div>{{small/end}} = zayubwa -- zedoma = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zayubwa''' = ''forwarded, sent ahead'' :* '''zayupea''' = ''forthcoming'' :* '''zayupen''' = ''coming forth'' :* '''zayuper''' = ''to come ahead, to come back, to come forth, to come forward, to come on, to return'' :* '''zayuzaxwa''' = ''bent forward'' :* '''zayvekeker''' = ''to parlay'' :* '''zayyiba''' = ''far ahead, way ahead'' :* '''zayyuxea''' = ''furthering'' :* '''zayyuxen''' = ''furtherance, furthering'' :* '''zayyuxwa''' = ''furthered'' :* '''zayzyuper''' = ''to gambol'' :* '''zazyuk buxlen''' = ''front-wheel drive'' :* '''ze''' = ''amid, at the center of, at the middle of, in the middle of'' :* '''ze-''' = ''mid-'' :* '''zea bem''' = ''central post, headquarters'' :* '''zea''' = ''central, focal, mid, middle'' :* '''zea dab''' = ''central government'' :* '''zea dezexgon''' = ''limelight'' :* '''zea doneg''' = ''middle class'' :* '''zea dyun''' = ''middle name'' :* '''Zea Eniged''' = ''Middle English'' :* '''Zea Ferad''' = ''Middle French'' :* '''zea gon sim''' = ''center section seat'' :* '''zea ifekem''' = ''center field'' :* '''zea ijdresiyn''' = ''middle initial'' :* '''Zea Kotuunyan Dib''' = ''Central Intelligence Agency'' :* '''zea tom''' = ''central block'' :* '''zea tuyub''' = ''middle finger'' :* '''zea tuyubaib''' = ''intermediate phalange'' :* '''Zea Uyanmel''' = ''Central Europe'' :* '''Zea Uyanmela''' = ''Central European'' :* '''Zea Yaba Deud''' = ''Middle High German'' :* '''zea yabdeuzat''' = ''mezzo soprano'' :* '''zea yijteuzun''' = ''mid vowel'' :* '''zean''' = ''centrality'' :* '''zeaxea''' = ''centralizing'' :* '''zeaxen''' = ''centralization, centralizing'' :* '''zeaxer''' = ''to centralize'' :* '''zeaxut''' = ''centralizer'' :* '''zeaxwa''' = ''centralized'' :* '''zeay''' = ''centrally, mid-way'' :* '''zeb''' = ''balance, equilibrium'' :* '''zebar''' = ''balance, scales'' :* '''zebaren''' = ''weighing'' :* '''zebarer''' = ''to weigh'' :* '''zeben''' = ''balancing'' :* '''zeber''' = ''to balance'' :* '''zebesen''' = ''staying centered'' :* '''zebeser''' = ''to balance, to stay centered'' :* '''zebex''' = ''balance, equilibrium'' :* '''zebexen''' = ''equilibration, keeping centered, tightrope-walking'' :* '''zebexer''' = ''to balance, to equilibrate, to keep centered'' :* '''zebexut''' = ''tightrope walker'' :* '''zebexwa''' = ''equilibrated'' :* '''zebixer''' = ''to pull toward the middle'' :* '''zebkax''' = ''compromise'' :* '''zebkaxen''' = ''compromising'' :* '''zebkaxer''' = ''to compromise'' :* '''zebkaxut''' = ''compromiser'' :* '''zebkaxwa''' = ''compromised'' :* '''zebkyin''' = ''bascule'' :* '''zebkyin zeymep''' = ''bascule bridge'' :* '''zebnyif''' = ''tightrope'' :* '''zebnyiftyopen''' = ''tightrope-walking'' :* '''zebnyiftyoput''' = ''tightrope walker'' :* '''zebolun''' = ''fulcrum'' :* '''zebwa''' = ''balanced, poised'' :* '''zebwa miparog''' = ''outrigger'' :* '''zebyem''' = ''middle position'' :* '''zebzyuk''' = ''gyroscope'' :* '''zebzyuka''' = ''gyroscopic'' :* '''zebzyuka merizondar''' = ''gyrocompass'' :* '''zedab''' = ''central government, federal government'' :* '''zedaba''' = ''central government-related, federal'' :* '''zedabvakdibut''' = ''marshal'' :* '''zedalut''' = ''go-between, intermediary'' :* '''zeden''' = ''interjection'' :* '''zeder''' = ''to interject'' :* '''zedom''' = ''city center, downtown, mid-town, midtown'' :* '''zedoma''' = ''downtown, mid-town, midtown'' </div>{{small/end}} = zedomper -- zemeput = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zedomper''' = ''to go downtown'' :* '''zedonaba''' = ''mid-ranking'' :* '''zedoneg''' = ''middle class'' :* '''zedonega''' = ''middle class, middle-class, middlebrow, of the middle class'' :* '''zedonegat''' = ''member of the middle class, middle-class person, middlebrow'' :* '''zedoscyanat''' = ''member of the middle class'' :* '''zedosyan''' = ''middle class'' :* '''zedosyana''' = ''middle class'' :* '''zedrayef''' = ''centerfold'' :* '''zedreniv''' = ''text body'' :* '''zedrev''' = ''middle page'' :* '''zedun''' = ''headword'' :* '''zedungab''' = ''infix'' :* '''zedungaben''' = ''infixation'' :* '''zedungaber''' = ''to infix'' :* '''zedungabwa''' = ''infixed'' :* '''zedwa''' = ''interjected'' :* '''zedyun''' = ''middle name'' :* '''zedyunij''' = ''middle initial'' :* '''zeekem''' = ''midfield'' :* '''zefia''' = ''mediocre'' :* '''zefian''' = ''mediocrity'' :* '''zefiay''' = ''mediocrely'' :* '''zefina''' = ''middling'' :* '''zeg''' = ''kern, kernel, norm'' :* '''zega''' = ''normal'' :* '''zegab''' = ''infix'' :* '''zegaben''' = ''infixation'' :* '''zegaber''' = ''to infix'' :* '''zegabwa''' = ''infixed'' :* '''zegan''' = ''normality'' :* '''zegay''' = ''normally'' :* '''zegenak''' = ''zeptogram, zg'' :* '''zegol''' = ''equal share'' :* '''zegolen''' = ''sharing equally'' :* '''zegoler''' = ''to share equally'' :* '''zegolwa''' = ''shared equally'' :* '''zegon''' = ''gist'' :* '''zegonxen''' = ''splitting down the middle'' :* '''zegonxer''' = ''to split down the middle'' :* '''zegonxwa''' = ''split down the middle'' :* '''zegos''' = ''centerpiece'' :* '''zegoyn''' = ''midsection'' :* '''zegxen''' = ''normalization'' :* '''zegxer''' = ''to normalize'' :* '''zegxwa''' = ''normalized'' :* '''zeigper''' = ''to run down the middle'' :* '''zein''' = ''centralism, centrism'' :* '''zeina''' = ''centralist, centrist'' :* '''zeinut''' = ''centrist'' :* '''zejab''' = ''midyear'' :* '''zejaba''' = ''midyear'' :* '''zejaga''' = ''middle-aged'' :* '''zejagat''' = ''middle-aged person'' :* '''zejeeb''' = ''midsummer'' :* '''zejeeba''' = ''midsummer'' :* '''zejeub''' = ''midwinter'' :* '''zejeuba''' = ''midwinter'' :* '''zejob''' = ''meantime'' :* '''zejoeba''' = ''medieval'' :* '''zejoebtixut''' = ''medievalist'' :* '''zejoyab''' = ''midterm'' :* '''zejub''' = ''midday'' :* '''zejuba''' = ''midday'' :* '''zejubtuj''' = ''midday nap, siesta'' :* '''zejubtujea''' = ''on siesta'' :* '''zejubtujen''' = ''taking a siesta'' :* '''zejubtujer''' = ''to take a siesta'' :* '''zem''' = ''headquarters, middle, milieu'' :* '''zema''' = ''medial, middle'' :* '''zemaal''' = ''mesosphere'' :* '''zemaj''' = ''midnoon, noon, noonday, noontide, noontime'' :* '''zemaja''' = ''noontime'' :* '''zemay''' = ''medially'' :* '''zemem''' = ''heartland, midland'' :* '''zemep''' = ''median, midway'' :* '''zemepa''' = ''mainstream'' :* '''zemepen''' = ''jaywalking'' :* '''zemeper''' = ''to jaywalk'' :* '''zemeput''' = ''jaywalker'' </div>{{small/end}} = zemernad -- zenxer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zemernad''' = ''equator, meridian'' :* '''zemernada''' = ''equatorial, meridianal'' :* '''Zemimag''' = ''Indian Ocean'' :* '''zemip''' = ''midstream'' :* '''zemisaomuf''' = ''mullion'' :* '''zemisaomufika''' = ''mullioned'' :* '''zemoj''' = ''midnight'' :* '''zemoj tyalog''' = ''midnight snack'' :* '''zemoja''' = ''midnight'' :* '''zemos''' = ''mezzanine'' :* '''zemul''' = ''body matter, core, kernel, nucleus, pit, pith'' :* '''zemula dopir''' = ''nuke'' :* '''zemula''' = ''nuclear, nucleic'' :* '''zemula pyuxrar''' = ''nuclear bomb'' :* '''zemula zoyalxam''' = ''nuclear reactor'' :* '''zemula zoyaxlen''' = ''nuclear reaction'' :* '''zemula zoyaxlur''' = ''nuclear reactor'' :* '''zemula zoyexlenam''' = ''nuclear reprocessing plant'' :* '''zemuleynxen''' = ''fission'' :* '''zemuleynxen pyuxrar''' = ''fission bomb'' :* '''zemuleynxyafwa''' = ''fissionable'' :* '''zemuli''' = ''nuclei'' :* '''zemulika''' = ''nucleate'' :* '''zemuliyd''' = ''isotope, nuclide'' :* '''zemuloben''' = ''enucleation'' :* '''zemulober''' = ''to enucleate'' :* '''zemulsen''' = ''nucleation'' :* '''zemulser''' = ''to nucleate'' :* '''zemulxen''' = ''nuclearization'' :* '''zemulxer''' = ''to nuclearize'' :* '''zemulxwa''' = ''nuclearized'' :* '''zemulyaflaxam''' = ''nuclear power plant'' :* '''zemulyaflaxwa''' = ''nuclear-powered'' :* '''zemulyaflun''' = ''nuclear capability, nuclear power'' :* '''zemulyena''' = ''pithy'' :* '''zemulyenan''' = ''pithiness'' :* '''zemulyenay''' = ''pithily'' :* '''zemusa''' = ''midscale'' :* '''zen bi tepkyox''' = ''center of attention'' :* '''zen''' = ''center, core, focus, hub'' :* '''zen nad''' = ''center line'' :* '''zena amxen''' = ''central heating'' :* '''zena''' = ''central, core, focal, hub, key, nuclear'' :* '''zenaba''' = ''mesne, mid-ranking'' :* '''zenabyan''' = ''midrange'' :* '''zenad''' = ''center line, median, midline'' :* '''zenada''' = ''median'' :* '''zenades''' = ''dash'' :* '''zenaed''' = ''median, middle lane'' :* '''zenag''' = ''average, mean'' :* '''zenaga''' = ''average, mean, medium, moderate, run-of-the-mill'' :* '''zenaga finsiyn''' = ''average grade'' :* '''zenagan''' = ''moderateness'' :* '''zenagay''' = ''moderately, on average'' :* '''zenagsea''' = ''moderating'' :* '''zenagser''' = ''to average out, to moderate'' :* '''zenagxa''' = ''averaged, moderated'' :* '''zenagxea''' = ''moderating'' :* '''zenagxen''' = ''averaging, moderation'' :* '''zenagxer''' = ''to average, to moderate'' :* '''zenagxut''' = ''moderator'' :* '''zenay amxwa''' = ''centrally heated'' :* '''zenay''' = ''centrally'' :* '''zenega''' = ''mid-level'' :* '''zenig''' = ''midst, nave'' :* '''zenilxen''' = ''meltdown'' :* '''zenix''' = ''medium income, middle income'' :* '''zenod''' = ''center-point, focal point, hub, mean point, mid-point, midpoint, node, nucleus'' :* '''zenoda''' = ''focal, nuclear'' :* '''zenodi''' = ''nuclei'' :* '''zenodxen''' = ''aiming'' :* '''zenodxer''' = ''to aim, to zero-in'' :* '''zenodxwa''' = ''aimed'' :* '''zenoga''' = ''medium'' :* '''zentner''' = ''to centner'' :* '''zenupea yafon''' = ''centripetal force'' :* '''zenuzrun''' = ''vortex'' :* '''zenxea''' = ''centralizing'' :* '''zenxen''' = ''centralization, centralizing'' :* '''zenxer''' = ''to centralize'' </div>{{small/end}} = zenxut -- zetif = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zenxut''' = ''centralizer'' :* '''zenxwa''' = ''centralized'' :* '''zenyipar''' = ''centrifuge'' :* '''zenyipea azon''' = ''centrifugal force'' :* '''zenyipea''' = ''centrifugal'' :* '''zenyipeay''' = ''centrifugally'' :* '''zenyiyipea yafon''' = ''centrifugal force'' :* '''zenyug''' = ''pulp, soft center'' :* '''zenyupea azon''' = ''centripetal force'' :* '''zenyupea''' = ''centripetal'' :* '''zenyupea yafon''' = ''centripetal force'' :* '''zenyupeay''' = ''centripetally'' :* '''zeobelut''' = ''ferryman'' :* '''zep''' = ''balance, equilibrium'' :* '''zepa''' = ''equilibrial, stable'' :* '''zepan''' = ''stability'' :* '''zepat''' = ''swift'' :* '''zepea''' = ''balancing'' :* '''zepen''' = ''balancing'' :* '''zeper''' = ''to balance oneself, to go to the center'' :* '''zepiat''' = ''terrapin'' :* '''zepox''' = ''interruption, layover'' :* '''zepoxen''' = ''interrupting, interruption'' :* '''zepoxer''' = ''to interrupt'' :* '''zepoxuka''' = ''interruption-free'' :* '''zepoxut''' = ''interrupter'' :* '''zepoxwa''' = ''interrupted'' :* '''zepoxyafa''' = ''interruptible'' :* '''zepoxyea''' = ''interruptive'' :* '''zepoxyofwa''' = ''uninterruptible'' :* '''zeprer''' = ''to interlope'' :* '''zeprut''' = ''interloper'' :* '''zepser''' = ''to move toward the middle, to stabilize'' :* '''zepxar''' = ''keel, stabilizer'' :* '''zepxar mufag''' = ''keelson'' :* '''zepxarwa''' = ''keeled'' :* '''zepxea''' = ''stabilizing'' :* '''zepxen''' = ''keeling, stabilization, stabilizing'' :* '''zepxer''' = ''to balance, to move to the middle, to stabilize'' :* '''zepxur''' = ''stabilizer'' :* '''zepxwa''' = ''stabilized'' :* '''zes''' = ''milieu'' :* '''zesag''' = ''average'' :* '''zesaga''' = ''average, mean'' :* '''zesagay''' = ''on average'' :* '''zesagser''' = ''to average out'' :* '''zesagxen''' = ''averaging'' :* '''zesagxer''' = ''to average'' :* '''zesagxwa''' = ''averaged'' :* '''zesanat''' = ''mesomorph'' :* '''zesauna''' = ''average, typical'' :* '''zesaunan''' = ''typicality'' :* '''zeser''' = ''to become central'' :* '''zeson''' = ''central issue, nub, subject, topic'' :* '''zesona''' = ''topical'' :* '''zesonan''' = ''topicality'' :* '''zesonay''' = ''topically'' :* '''zesoner''' = ''to zero-in on'' :* '''zetalob''' = ''midrib'' :* '''zetam''' = ''courtyard'' :* '''zetauna''' = ''middle-of-the-road, normal, typical'' :* '''zetaunan''' = ''normality, typicality, typicalness'' :* '''zetaunay''' = ''normally, typically'' :* '''zetayob''' = ''epithelium'' :* '''zetayoba''' = ''epithelial'' :* '''zeteab''' = ''pupil'' :* '''zeteaba''' = ''pupilary, pupillary'' :* '''zetej''' = ''middle age, midlife'' :* '''zeteja''' = ''midlife'' :* '''zeteja vaodjob''' = ''midlife crisis'' :* '''zetejat''' = ''mid-lifer, middle-aged person'' :* '''zetejpoys''' = ''menopause'' :* '''zetejpoysa''' = ''menopausal'' :* '''zetem''' = ''central hall, main hall'' :* '''zeteob''' = ''cheekbone'' :* '''zetiav''' = ''shirtwaist'' :* '''zetib''' = ''midriff, waist'' :* '''zetibnad''' = ''waistline'' :* '''zetibneyef''' = ''waistband'' :* '''zetif''' = ''band, belt, hoop'' </div>{{small/end}} = zetif mugnyaf -- zeybuwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zetif mugnyaf''' = ''belt buckle'' :* '''zetifben''' = ''belting'' :* '''zetifber''' = ''to belt'' :* '''zetifbok''' = ''zoster'' :* '''zetifbut''' = ''hooper'' :* '''zetifbwa''' = ''belted'' :* '''zetifmep''' = ''beltway'' :* '''zetifober''' = ''to unbelt, to ungird'' :* '''zetifwa''' = ''banded, girdled, sashed'' :* '''zetikyob''' = ''jejunum'' :* '''zetipa''' = ''moderate, temperate'' :* '''zetipan''' = ''temperance'' :* '''zetipser''' = ''to moderate oneself'' :* '''zetipxen''' = ''moderation'' :* '''zetipxer''' = ''to calm down, to moderate'' :* '''zetipxwa''' = ''calmed down, moderated, toned down'' :* '''zetiub''' = ''belly button'' :* '''zetiuba nyif''' = ''umbilical cord'' :* '''zetiuba''' = ''umbilical'' :* '''zetiubuz''' = ''belly button ring'' :* '''zetiv''' = ''corset, cummerbund, girdle, sash'' :* '''zetivben''' = ''girdling, sashing'' :* '''zetivber''' = ''to girdle, to sash'' :* '''zetivbwa''' = ''girdled, sashed'' :* '''zetob''' = ''arbiter, arbitrager, arbitrageur, arbitrator, intermediary, medium, middle man, middleman'' :* '''zetobaxlen''' = ''mediating, mediation'' :* '''zetobaxler''' = ''to mediate'' :* '''zetobaxlu''' = ''mediator'' :* '''zetobdien''' = ''arbitrage, arbitrament'' :* '''zetobdiena''' = ''arbitral'' :* '''zetobduen''' = ''arbitrate, arbitrating, arbitration'' :* '''zetobduwa''' = ''arbitrated'' :* '''zetooba''' = ''middle-gender'' :* '''zeusazan''' = ''raucousness'' :* '''zevob''' = ''basil'' :* '''zevol''' = ''basil'' :* '''zevyab''' = ''norm'' :* '''zexdun''' = ''rheme'' :* '''zexen''' = ''aiming, centering'' :* '''zexer''' = ''to aim, to center'' :* '''zexmanober''' = ''to upstage'' :* '''zexun''' = ''aim'' :* '''zexwa''' = ''aimed, centered'' :* '''zexwas''' = ''aim, thing concentrated on'' :* '''zexyeson dodal''' = ''keynote address'' :* '''zexyeson dodalut''' = ''keynoter'' :* '''zexyeson''' = ''keynote'' :* '''zey''' = ''across, athwart, over'' :* '''zey bi''' = ''across from'' :* '''zey bi ha domep''' = ''across the street'' :* '''zey bu hyua kum''' = ''across to the other side'' :* '''zey bu hyukum bi''' = ''across to'' :* '''zey-''' = ''cross-, meta-, over-, trans-'' :* '''zeyabdeuzayt''' = ''mezzo-soprano'' :* '''zeyabdeuzayta''' = ''mezzo-soprano'' :* '''zeyAlpina''' = ''transalpine'' :* '''zeybel''' = ''carryover, transferal'' :* '''zeybelar''' = ''conveyance, conveyor, ferry, transporter'' :* '''zeybelea''' = ''transferring'' :* '''zeybelen''' = ''carrying across, conveying, ferrying, shipping, transference, transferring, transporting'' :* '''zeybeler''' = ''to carry across, to convey, to ferry, to haul across, to ship, to take across, to transfer, to transport'' :* '''zeybelun drurunes''' = ''transfer'' :* '''zeybelun''' = ''shipment'' :* '''zeybelut''' = ''hauler, shipper, transferrer, transporter'' :* '''zeybelwa''' = ''carried across, conveyed, ferried, transferred, transported'' :* '''zeybelyafwa''' = ''conveyable, transferable'' :* '''zeyben''' = ''conveying, transposing, transposition'' :* '''zeyber''' = ''to convey, to cross, to transpose'' :* '''zeybien bi yafon''' = ''takeover of power'' :* '''zeybixen''' = ''ferrying, pulling across, towing across'' :* '''zeybixer''' = ''to ferry across, to pull across, to tow across'' :* '''zeybixwa''' = ''ferried, pulled across, towed across'' :* '''zeybuea''' = ''transferring'' :* '''zeybuen bi yafon''' = ''handover of power'' :* '''zeybuen''' = ''conferment, conveyance, delivery, transferal, transference, transferring'' :* '''zeybuer''' = ''to confer, to convey, to deliver, to transfer'' :* '''zeybun''' = ''conferment, delivery, transfer'' :* '''zeybuun''' = ''handover'' :* '''zeybuut''' = ''transferrer'' :* '''zeybuwa''' = ''conferred, conveyed, delivered, transferred'' </div>{{small/end}} = zeybuxer -- zeynadxer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zeybuxer''' = ''to push across'' :* '''zeybuyafwa''' = ''transferable'' :* '''zeybuyafwan''' = ''transferability'' :* '''zeybwa''' = ''conveyed, crossed, ferried, transposed'' :* '''zeybwas''' = ''crossover, metaphor'' :* '''zeybwasa''' = ''metaphorical'' :* '''zeydobnada''' = ''transborder'' :* '''zeydoma''' = ''crosstown'' :* '''zeydooba''' = ''transnational'' :* '''zeydoobay''' = ''transnationally'' :* '''zeydras''' = ''transcript, transcription'' :* '''zeydrawa''' = ''transcribed'' :* '''zeydren''' = ''transcribing, transcription'' :* '''zeydrer''' = ''to transcribe'' :* '''zeydresiynxen''' = ''transliteration'' :* '''zeydresiynxer''' = ''to transliterate'' :* '''zeydrut''' = ''transcriber'' :* '''zeyebyebi''' = ''cerebra'' :* '''zeyejub''' = ''mid-week, midweek, weekday'' :* '''zeyejuba''' = ''midweek'' :* '''zeyen bi nuen''' = ''mode of production'' :* '''zeyen bu ujun''' = ''means to an end'' :* '''zeyen''' = ''means, wherewithal, withal'' :* '''zeyena''' = ''intermediate'' :* '''zeyenat''' = ''intermediary'' :* '''zeyeni bi nuen''' = ''means of production'' :* '''zeygoblar''' = ''transect'' :* '''zeygoblawa''' = ''bisected'' :* '''zeygoblawas''' = ''cross-section'' :* '''zeygoblen''' = ''bisecting, bisection'' :* '''zeygobler''' = ''to bisect, to cut across'' :* '''zeygoblun''' = ''crosscut'' :* '''zeyigper''' = ''to run across'' :* '''zeyilp''' = ''crosscurrent'' :* '''zeyiluen''' = ''transfusion'' :* '''zeyiluer''' = ''to transfuse'' :* '''zeyiluwa''' = ''transfused'' :* '''zeyizona''' = ''crosswise'' :* '''zeykodrar''' = ''transcoder'' :* '''zeykodrawa''' = ''transcoded'' :* '''zeykodrer''' = ''to transcode'' :* '''zeykyoben''' = ''transplantation'' :* '''zeykyober''' = ''to transplant'' :* '''zeykyuper''' = ''to slide across'' :* '''zeym''' = ''crossover, ford, stepping-stone'' :* '''zeymap''' = ''crosswind'' :* '''zeymema''' = ''crosscountry'' :* '''zeymempen''' = ''transmigration'' :* '''zeymemper''' = ''to transmigrate'' :* '''zeymempop''' = ''cross-country trip'' :* '''zeymemput''' = ''transmigrant'' :* '''zeymep''' = ''bridge, crossing, crossroad, gangplank'' :* '''zeymepen yux''' = ''interim aid, stop-gap-aid'' :* '''zeymepgonyan''' = ''bridgework'' :* '''zeymepsexen''' = ''bridge-building'' :* '''zeymepsexut''' = ''bridge-builder, pontiff'' :* '''zeymepuj''' = ''bridgehead'' :* '''zeymepujem''' = ''bridgehead'' :* '''zeymepuz''' = ''arch'' :* '''zeymepxen''' = ''bridging, by-pass, bypass, bypassing'' :* '''zeymepxer''' = ''to bridge, to by-pass'' :* '''zeymepxwa''' = ''bridged, bypassed'' :* '''zeymepxyafwa''' = ''bridgeable'' :* '''zeymernoda''' = ''transpolar'' :* '''zeymeys''' = ''transept'' :* '''zeymima''' = ''transmarine'' :* '''zeymimaga''' = ''transoceanic'' :* '''zeymimagay''' = ''transoceanically'' :* '''zeymipar''' = ''ferry, ferryboat'' :* '''zeymuf''' = ''balk, crosspiece, transom'' :* '''zeymulxen''' = ''transubstantiation'' :* '''zeymulxer''' = ''to transubstantiate'' :* '''zeyn bi ebtuien''' = ''medium of communication'' :* '''zeyn''' = ''instrument, medium'' :* '''zeynad''' = ''transverse line'' :* '''zeynada dal''' = ''lingua franca'' :* '''zeynada pyaon''' = ''transverse wave'' :* '''zeynada''' = ''transversal'' :* '''zeynaday''' = ''transversally, transversely'' :* '''zeynadxer''' = ''to cut across, to transverse'' </div>{{small/end}} = zeynag -- ziigper = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zeynag''' = ''diameter'' :* '''zeynamxen''' = ''central heating'' :* '''zeynod''' = ''cross point, crossover point, crosspoint'' :* '''zeynyan''' = ''media'' :* '''zeynyana''' = ''medial'' :* '''zeynyanay''' = ''medially'' :* '''zeynyifyan''' = ''ratlin, ratline'' :* '''zeyp''' = ''crossing, crossover, transition'' :* '''zeypaper''' = ''to fly across'' :* '''zeypem''' = ''crossing, crossroads'' :* '''zeypen''' = ''crossing, passage, transition'' :* '''zeypena''' = ''transitory'' :* '''zeypeper''' = ''to ride across'' :* '''zeyper ha nad''' = ''to cross the line'' :* '''zeyper''' = ''to cross, to get across, to get over, to go across, to pass over, to run across, to segue, to transition'' :* '''zeypmep''' = ''crossroads'' :* '''zeypop''' = ''traverse'' :* '''zeypopen''' = ''traversal, traversing'' :* '''zeypusen''' = ''jumping across'' :* '''zeypuser''' = ''to jump across, to overleap'' :* '''zeypuxer''' = ''to throw across, to traject'' :* '''zeypuxmep''' = ''trajectory'' :* '''zeypuyser''' = ''to hop across'' :* '''zeypyafwa''' = ''fordable'' :* '''zeypyaser''' = ''to jump across, to jump over'' :* '''zeypyofway''' = ''impermeably'' :* '''zeys''' = ''cross'' :* '''zeysana''' = ''cross-shaped'' :* '''zeysansen''' = ''metabolism'' :* '''zeysansena''' = ''metabolic'' :* '''zeysansenay''' = ''metabolically'' :* '''zeysanser''' = ''to metabolize'' :* '''zeysansul''' = ''metabolite'' :* '''zeysanxer''' = ''to metabolize'' :* '''zeyson''' = ''crux'' :* '''zeysona''' = ''crucial'' :* '''zeysteaba''' = ''crosseyed'' :* '''zeysyaagir''' = ''transputer'' :* '''zeytafin''' = ''transvestism'' :* '''zeytafut''' = ''transvestite'' :* '''zeytayozyegpen''' = ''transudation'' :* '''zeytayozyegper''' = ''to transude'' :* '''zeyteaxer''' = ''to look across, to survey'' :* '''zeytooba''' = ''trans, transsexual'' :* '''zeytoobat''' = ''trans, transsexual'' :* '''zeytoobin''' = ''transsexualism'' :* '''zeytyun''' = ''crossover notion, metaphor'' :* '''zeytyuna''' = ''metaphoric, metaphorical'' :* '''zeytyunay''' = ''metaphorically'' :* '''zeyubar''' = ''transmitter'' :* '''zeyuben''' = ''sending over, transmission, wiring'' :* '''zeyuber''' = ''to bring across, to send across, to send over, to transmit, to wire'' :* '''zeyubun''' = ''transmission, wire'' :* '''zeyubwa''' = ''sent over, transmitted, wired'' :* '''zeyuper''' = ''to come across'' :* '''zeyvyavyek''' = ''crosscheck'' :* '''zeyvyavyeker''' = ''to crosscheck'' :* '''zeyvyobien''' = ''embezzlement'' :* '''zeyvyobier''' = ''to embezzle'' :* '''zeyvyobiun''' = ''embezzled item'' :* '''zeyvyobiut''' = ''embezzler'' :* '''zeyvyobiwa''' = ''embezzled'' :* '''zeyyagxen''' = ''deepening'' :* '''zeyyanmela''' = ''transcontinental'' :* '''zeyyemxen''' = ''translocation'' :* '''zi''' = ''at the right, to the right of'' :* '''zia''' = ''dextral, right'' :* '''zia izkusiyn''' = ''left bracket'' :* '''zia uzkusiyn''' = ''right parenthesis'' :* '''ziaxwa''' = ''flattened'' :* '''ziay''' = ''rightward'' :* '''zibaea''' = ''right-leaning'' :* '''zibaer''' = ''to lean right'' :* '''ziber''' = ''to set to the right'' :* '''zibixer''' = ''to pull to the right, to tug to the right'' :* '''zibixwa''' = ''right-drawn'' :* '''zibwa''' = ''set to the right'' :* '''zideko daz''' = ''zydeco'' :* '''ziekem''' = ''right field'' :* '''ziigper''' = ''to run right'' </div>{{small/end}} = ziin -- zoa mesabaun = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''ziin''' = ''rightism'' :* '''ziina''' = ''rightist'' :* '''ziinut''' = ''rightist'' :* '''zika''' = ''forward, right-handed'' :* '''zikan''' = ''right-handedness'' :* '''zikim''' = ''right bend'' :* '''zikina aybsiyn''' = ''acute stress mark, grave accent'' :* '''zikina''' = ''right-slanted'' :* '''zikinxwa''' = ''sloped to the right'' :* '''zikum''' = ''right side'' :* '''zikun''' = ''right flank, right side'' :* '''zikyap''' = ''shift to the right'' :* '''zil''' = ''acid'' :* '''zila''' = ''acidic'' :* '''zilan''' = ''acidity'' :* '''zilmelmem''' = ''moorland'' :* '''zilser''' = ''to acidify'' :* '''zilxen''' = ''acidification'' :* '''zilxer''' = ''to acidify'' :* '''zilxwa''' = ''acidified'' :* '''zilyena''' = ''acidic'' :* '''zimer''' = ''to east, to orient'' :* '''zimera''' = ''eastern, oriental'' :* '''zimera gonem''' = ''eastern zone'' :* '''Zimera Indomemi''' = ''East Indies'' :* '''zimera mimuzlun''' = ''typhoon'' :* '''Zimera Uyanmel''' = ''Eastern Europe'' :* '''Zimera Uyenmel''' = ''Eastern European'' :* '''Zimera Vyatina''' = ''Eastern Orthodox'' :* '''Zimera Vyatindab''' = ''Eastern Orthodox Patriarchy'' :* '''Zimera Vyatindeb''' = ''Patriarch, patriarch'' :* '''Zimera Vyatindeba''' = ''patriarchal'' :* '''Zimera Vyatinut''' = ''member of the Eastern Orthodox Church'' :* '''Zimera yagtaf''' = ''caftan'' :* '''zimeradeb''' = ''emir'' :* '''zimerat''' = ''easterner, oriental'' :* '''zimeray''' = ''eastward'' :* '''zimerbyia''' = ''east-originating'' :* '''zimerbyua''' = ''east-bound, eastbound, easterly, eastward'' :* '''zimerbyuay''' = ''eastbound, eastward'' :* '''zimerbyumxwa''' = ''eastbound'' :* '''zimerem''' = ''east, eastern zone'' :* '''Zimergon''' = ''Orient'' :* '''Zimergona''' = ''Oriental'' :* '''Zimergonat''' = ''Oriental'' :* '''zimergontut''' = ''orientalist'' :* '''zimer-pyimxwa''' = ''east-originating'' :* '''zimeryexrut''' = ''coolie'' :* '''zinaed''' = ''right lane'' :* '''zip''' = ''right turn'' :* '''zipat''' = ''cardinal'' :* '''ziper''' = ''to go right, to take a right, to turn right'' :* '''zipurexen''' = ''driving on the left'' :* '''zipurexer''' = ''to drive on the left'' :* '''zipuyser''' = ''to hop right'' :* '''zita''' = ''adroit, deft, dexterous, handy, skillful'' :* '''zitan''' = ''adroitness, craftiness, deftness, dexterity, dexterousness, handiness, skillfulness'' :* '''zitay''' = ''adroitly, craftily, deftly, dexterously, handily, skillfully'' :* '''ziteaxea''' = ''facing right'' :* '''ziteaxer''' = ''to face right, to look right'' :* '''zituyaba''' = ''right-handed'' :* '''zituyaban''' = ''right-handedness'' :* '''ziu''' = ''boustrophedon'' :* '''ziua''' = ''boustrophedonic'' :* '''ziuper''' = ''to come to the right'' :* '''ziuzpea''' = ''dextrorotatory, right-turning'' :* '''ziuzper''' = ''to curve to the right, to turn right, to veer right'' :* '''zivol''' = ''thyme'' :* '''ZIYX''' = ''NATO'' :* '''ZKD''' = ''CIA'' :* '''z.m.''' = ''a.c., alternating current'' :* '''ZMN''' = ''WWW'' :* '''zo''' = ''after, behind, in back of'' :* '''zo-''' = ''back-, hind-, hinter-, retro-'' :* '''zo ha dezmos''' = ''behind the stage'' :* '''zo mugmufi''' = ''behind bars'' :* '''zoa''' = ''back, occipital, posterior, rear'' :* '''zoa mamnaduz''' = ''back azimuth, backazimuth'' :* '''zoa manar''' = ''tail light'' :* '''zoa mesabaun''' = ''back porch'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoa sum -- zoizper = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoa sum''' = ''backseat'' :* '''zoa tamdeym''' = ''back yard'' :* '''zoa tamdeyn''' = ''back yard'' :* '''zoa yijteuzun''' = ''back vowel'' :* '''zoabaun''' = ''back cover'' :* '''zoay''' = ''backwards'' :* '''zobelen''' = ''carrying behind, following along with'' :* '''zobeler''' = ''to carry behind, to follow along with'' :* '''zobelwa''' = ''carried behind'' :* '''zoben''' = ''back-grounding, hindrance, setting bak, setting behind'' :* '''zober''' = ''to background, to hinder, to put in the back, to set back, to set behind'' :* '''zobesen''' = ''keeping behind, lagging, staying back'' :* '''zobeser''' = ''to keep behind, to lag, to stay back'' :* '''zobesun''' = ''rump'' :* '''zobexen''' = ''deferment, deferral, deferring'' :* '''zobexer''' = ''to defer, to keep behind'' :* '''zobexlen''' = ''keeping behind'' :* '''zobexlun''' = ''leftover'' :* '''zobexwa''' = ''deferred, kept behind'' :* '''zobiser''' = ''to drag behind, to trail behind'' :* '''zobix''' = ''drag, traction'' :* '''zobixen''' = ''towing, traction, tugging'' :* '''zobixer''' = ''to drag, to tow, to tug'' :* '''zobixlawa''' = ''dragged behind'' :* '''zobixlea nef''' = ''dragnet'' :* '''zobixleger''' = ''to bedraggle'' :* '''zobixlegwa''' = ''bedraggled'' :* '''zobixlen''' = ''dragging behind'' :* '''zobixler''' = ''to drag behind'' :* '''zobixlun''' = ''drag'' :* '''zobixun''' = ''tail, train'' :* '''zobixur''' = ''tractor, tug'' :* '''zobixwa melzyegar''' = ''backhoe'' :* '''zobixwa''' = ''towed'' :* '''zobuen''' = ''retrocession'' :* '''zobuun''' = ''retrocession'' :* '''zobwa''' = ''backgrounded, hindered, set behind'' :* '''zobyem''' = ''rear position'' :* '''zodeym''' = ''back yard'' :* '''zodez''' = ''backstage, behind-the-scenes'' :* '''zodezen''' = ''being a backup actor, playing a walk-on part, subbing'' :* '''zodezer''' = ''to be a backup actor, to play a walk-on part, to sub'' :* '''zodezut''' = ''backup artist, extra, stand-in, stooge, walk-on actor'' :* '''zodin''' = ''back story, background'' :* '''zodomep''' = ''back street'' :* '''zodop''' = ''rearguard'' :* '''zodras''' = ''postscript'' :* '''zodrev''' = ''back page'' :* '''zodungab''' = ''suffix'' :* '''zodungaben''' = ''suffixation'' :* '''zodungaber''' = ''to suffix'' :* '''zodungabwa''' = ''suffixed'' :* '''zodyun''' = ''family name, last name, surname'' :* '''zoega''' = ''back to normal'' :* '''zoekem''' = ''backfield'' :* '''zoentyob''' = ''hindquarter'' :* '''zofaof''' = ''backboard'' :* '''zogab''' = ''appendage, appendix, postfix, suffix'' :* '''zogaben''' = ''appending'' :* '''zogaber''' = ''to append, to subjoin'' :* '''zogabgoblun''' = ''appendectomy'' :* '''zogabwa''' = ''appended'' :* '''zogon''' = ''stern, tailpiece'' :* '''zogrun''' = ''bower'' :* '''zogunab''' = ''shogunate'' :* '''zogunxwa''' = ''sweptback'' :* '''zoigpea''' = ''pursuant, pursuing'' :* '''zoigpen''' = ''chase, chevy, pursuance, pursuing, pursuit'' :* '''zoigper''' = ''to chase, to pursue, to run after, to run in back, to run in the rear'' :* '''zoigput''' = ''chaser, pursuer'' :* '''zoigpya''' = ''pursued'' :* '''zoigpyat''' = ''person being chased, person in pursuit'' :* '''zoizben''' = ''reversal'' :* '''zoizber''' = ''to reverse'' :* '''zoizbwa''' = ''pointed straight back, reversed'' :* '''zoizona''' = ''backward, rearward, reversed'' :* '''zoizonay''' = ''backwards, in the reverse direction'' :* '''zoizpea''' = ''going backwards, reversing'' :* '''zoizpen''' = ''going backwards, reversing'' :* '''zoizper''' = ''to go backwards, to reverse'' </div>{{small/end}} = zojab -- zonan = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zojab''' = ''last year, yesteryear'' :* '''zojber''' = ''to bring to an end, to finish'' :* '''zojeb''' = ''last season'' :* '''zojer''' = ''to end'' :* '''zojib''' = ''last month'' :* '''zojoba''' = ''neolithic'' :* '''zojoigpea''' = ''chasing, in pursuit'' :* '''zojoigpen''' = ''chase, chasing'' :* '''zojoigper''' = ''to chase'' :* '''zojoigput''' = ''chaser, plaintiff'' :* '''zojoigpya''' = ''chased'' :* '''zojper''' = ''to come to an end up'' :* '''zojuab''' = ''last Monday'' :* '''zojub jwamaj''' = ''yesterday morning'' :* '''zojub jwamoj''' = ''yesterday evening'' :* '''zojub maj''' = ''yesterday during the day'' :* '''zojub moj''' = ''yesterday night'' :* '''zojub''' = ''yesterday'' :* '''zojuba''' = ''of yesterday's'' :* '''zokum''' = ''back end, back side, backside, rear'' :* '''zokun''' = ''back end, backside, backstretch, haunch, rear'' :* '''zokuna''' = ''back, rear'' :* '''zokunad''' = ''back edge'' :* '''zom''' = ''back, hind, posterior, rear'' :* '''zomaf''' = ''contrail'' :* '''zoman''' = ''back light, rear light'' :* '''zomanar''' = ''taillight'' :* '''zomas''' = ''back wall, backdrop'' :* '''zomasbaxwa''' = ''immured'' :* '''zomasben''' = ''immuring'' :* '''zomasber''' = ''to immure'' :* '''zomassin''' = ''backdrop, scenery'' :* '''zomays''' = ''backdrop'' :* '''zombux''' = ''boost'' :* '''zombuxar''' = ''booster'' :* '''zombuxer''' = ''to boost'' :* '''zombyoys''' = ''swayback'' :* '''zombyoysea''' = ''swaybacked'' :* '''zomem''' = ''back country, backwater, hinterland'' :* '''zomema''' = ''rural'' :* '''zomemat''' = ''country-jake, hick, rural area dweller'' :* '''zomemayt''' = ''countrywoman'' :* '''zomep''' = ''back way'' :* '''zomepen''' = ''going the back way'' :* '''zomeper''' = ''to go the back way'' :* '''zomer''' = ''to south'' :* '''zomera''' = ''austral, southern'' :* '''Zomera Karolina''' = ''South Carolina'' :* '''zomera maalman''' = ''aurora australis'' :* '''Zomera Uyanmel''' = ''Southern Europe'' :* '''Zomera Uyanmela''' = ''Southern European'' :* '''zomerat''' = ''southerner'' :* '''zomeray''' = ''southerly, southward'' :* '''zomerbyia''' = ''coming from the south-originating'' :* '''zomerbyua''' = ''south-bound, southbound, southward'' :* '''zomerbyuay''' = ''south-bound, southbound, southward'' :* '''zomerem''' = ''south, southern region'' :* '''zomerEsoma vafil''' = ''muscatel'' :* '''Zomergona''' = ''Austral'' :* '''Zomergonat''' = ''Austral'' :* '''zomermem''' = ''southland'' :* '''zomernad''' = ''Antarctic Circle'' :* '''zomernod''' = ''south pole'' :* '''zomerpen''' = ''southing'' :* '''zomes''' = ''back door, backdoor, postern'' :* '''zomespur''' = ''hatchback'' :* '''zomisof''' = ''backcloth, backdrop'' :* '''zomoj''' = ''eve'' :* '''zomufyeg''' = ''tailpipe'' :* '''zomul''' = ''end matter'' :* '''zomus''' = ''backstair'' :* '''zon''' = ''back, rear'' :* '''zona''' = ''posterior'' :* '''zona sim''' = ''back seat'' :* '''zonaab''' = ''backfile'' :* '''zonaad''' = ''trace, track'' :* '''zonaadren''' = ''tracing, tracking'' :* '''zonaadrer''' = ''to trace, to track'' :* '''zonad''' = ''rear line'' :* '''zonan''' = ''posteriority'' </div>{{small/end}} = zonapa -- zotiubaxler = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zonapa''' = ''last, previous'' :* '''zonapay''' = ''previously'' :* '''zonay''' = ''backwards, posteriorly'' :* '''zoned''' = ''back plane, back side, dorsal plane, rear'' :* '''zoneda''' = ''back, dorsal, rear'' :* '''zoneday''' = ''dorsally'' :* '''zonig''' = ''background'' :* '''zonoxea''' = ''sponsoring'' :* '''zonoxen''' = ''sponsoring'' :* '''zonoxut''' = ''sponsor'' :* '''zonoxutan''' = ''sponsorship'' :* '''zonoxwa''' = ''sponsored'' :* '''zonyafxwas''' = ''tieback'' :* '''zooybteb''' = ''nape'' :* '''zop''' = ''lag'' :* '''zopa''' = ''in the rear'' :* '''zopaser''' = ''to move to the back'' :* '''zopaxen''' = ''moving to the back'' :* '''zopaxer''' = ''to move to the back'' :* '''zopaxwa''' = ''moved to the back'' :* '''zopea''' = ''following, lagging, running behind, tailing, trailing'' :* '''zoper''' = ''to follow, to get behind, to go to the back, to lag, to recline, to trail'' :* '''zopien''' = ''abandoning'' :* '''zopier''' = ''to abandon, to abandonment'' :* '''zopiut''' = ''abandoner'' :* '''zopiwa''' = ''abandoned'' :* '''zopmap''' = ''tailwind'' :* '''zopuen''' = ''arriving after, coming in last'' :* '''zopuer''' = ''to arrive after, to come in last, to trail'' :* '''zoput''' = ''follower, person in the back, tail'' :* '''zopya''' = ''behind, come from behind, in arrears, lagging, tailed'' :* '''zosab''' = ''afterbody'' :* '''zosemper''' = ''to sit back down at the table'' :* '''zoseuzus''' = ''resonator'' :* '''zoseym''' = ''backboard'' :* '''zosinmays''' = ''backcloth'' :* '''zosyoibmeys''' = ''tailboard, tailgate'' :* '''zotamdeym''' = ''back yard'' :* '''zoteas''' = ''rearview'' :* '''zoteatar''' = ''hindsight'' :* '''zoteb''' = ''occiput'' :* '''zoteba''' = ''occipital'' :* '''zoteba zyub''' = ''occipital lobe'' :* '''zotebos''' = ''afterbrain, cerebellum, metencephalon'' :* '''zoteebaiba''' = ''mastoid'' :* '''zotef''' = ''hood'' :* '''zotefwa''' = ''hooded'' :* '''zoteiba''' = ''postnasal'' :* '''zoteis''' = ''spoor'' :* '''zotejfyelben''' = ''mummification'' :* '''zotejfyelber''' = ''to mummify'' :* '''zotejfyelbwat''' = ''mummy'' :* '''zoteyob''' = ''nape, pharynx'' :* '''zoteyoba''' = ''pharyngeal'' :* '''zotiabtayub''' = ''thymus'' :* '''zotib''' = ''back'' :* '''zotib nyef''' = ''backpack, rucksack'' :* '''zotib ponyef''' = ''travel backpack'' :* '''zotiba''' = ''dorsal'' :* '''zotibabaxlun''' = ''back massage'' :* '''zotibabwa''' = ''supine'' :* '''zotibabway''' = ''supinely'' :* '''zotibar''' = ''back'' :* '''zotibay''' = ''dorsally'' :* '''zotibbelwa''' = ''pickaback'' :* '''zotibnyef''' = ''backpack, knapsack, rucksack'' :* '''zotibnyefen''' = ''backpacking'' :* '''zotibnyefut''' = ''backpacker'' :* '''zotibobyexut''' = ''fullback'' :* '''zotibpyex''' = ''backstroke'' :* '''zotibyaza''' = ''humpbacked, hunchbacked'' :* '''zotibyazat''' = ''hunchback'' :* '''zotibyokbas''' = ''wrick'' :* '''zotib-yonpyexea''' = ''backbreaking'' :* '''zotim''' = ''back room, backroom'' :* '''Zotipu!''' = ''Lie down!'' :* '''zotiub''' = ''arse, ass, bum, butt, buttock, derriere, fanny, rump, tush'' :* '''zotiubapaxut''' = ''arse-kisser, ass-licker, brown-noser'' :* '''zotiubaxlen''' = ''mincing'' :* '''zotiubaxler''' = ''to mince'' </div>{{small/end}} = zotiubaxlut -- zoy-apyexer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zotiubaxlut''' = ''mincer, queer-acting person'' :* '''zotiubsinuen''' = ''mooning'' :* '''zotiubsinuer''' = ''to moon'' :* '''zotiubsinuwa''' = ''mooned'' :* '''zotiubyexen''' = ''spanking'' :* '''zotiubyexer''' = ''to spank'' :* '''zotiubyexut''' = ''spanker'' :* '''zotiubyexwa''' = ''spanked'' :* '''zotiubzyeg''' = ''arsehole, asshole'' :* '''zotiuper''' = ''to sit on one&rsquo;s bum'' :* '''zotuyab''' = ''backhand'' :* '''zotuyaba''' = ''backhanded'' :* '''zotyob''' = ''ham'' :* '''zotyob puixtaib''' = ''hamstring'' :* '''zotyobyaba''' = ''rampant'' :* '''zotyobyaban''' = ''rampancy'' :* '''zotyoib''' = ''calf, hock'' :* '''zotyoibof''' = ''puttee'' :* '''zotyoiv''' = ''calf length sock'' :* '''zotyoper''' = ''to backpedal'' :* '''zouber''' = ''to bring to the rear'' :* '''zougbixer''' = ''to drag behind'' :* '''zougpea''' = ''lagging, trudging'' :* '''zougpen''' = ''trudging'' :* '''zougper''' = ''to get behind, to lag, to trail, to trudge'' :* '''zouper''' = ''to come behind, to come to the rear, to come toward the back, to retreat'' :* '''zout''' = ''backstop'' :* '''zovabdeym''' = ''back lawn'' :* '''zovabyem''' = ''backyard'' :* '''zoy''' = ''back, backward, rearward'' :* '''zoy-''' = ''back-, retro-'' :* '''zoy be''' = ''back at'' :* '''zoy bi''' = ''back from'' :* '''zoy bu''' = ''back to'' :* '''zoy yez bi ha domep''' = ''down the street'' :* '''zoya''' = ''backward'' :* '''zoya kinad''' = ''backslash, backward slash'' :* '''zoyabalen''' = ''reapplication'' :* '''zoyabalwa''' = ''reapplied'' :* '''zoyabauner''' = ''to recap'' :* '''zoyabaunun''' = ''recap'' :* '''zoyabdren''' = ''relabeling'' :* '''zoyaben''' = ''reapplication'' :* '''zoyabixer''' = ''to re'' :* '''zoyabrer''' = ''to retitle'' :* '''zoyabwa''' = ''reapplied'' :* '''zoyafen''' = ''readmission'' :* '''zoyafer''' = ''to readmit'' :* '''zoyafxen''' = ''rejecting, rejection, vetoing'' :* '''zoyafxut''' = ''vetoer'' :* '''zoyagaxen''' = ''reenlargement'' :* '''zoyagxen''' = ''regrowth'' :* '''zoyajpen''' = ''throwback'' :* '''zoyakaxen''' = ''reinventing, reinvention'' :* '''zoyakaxwa''' = ''reinvented'' :* '''zoyaklen''' = ''reconquest'' :* '''zoyakut''' = ''retriever'' :* '''zoyakyafwa''' = ''retrievable'' :* '''zoyakyafwan''' = ''retrievability'' :* '''zoyakyofwa''' = ''irrecoverable, irretrievable'' :* '''zoyakyofway''' = ''irrecoverably, irretrievably'' :* '''zoyalxyukwa''' = ''reactive'' :* '''zoyamsaxwa''' = ''reforged'' :* '''zoyamxar''' = ''burner, hot plate, stove'' :* '''zoyamxen''' = ''reheating'' :* '''zoyan''' = ''backwardness'' :* '''zoyanaxen''' = ''reunification'' :* '''zoyanaxwa''' = ''reunified'' :* '''zoyanben''' = ''piggybacking'' :* '''zoyanbwa''' = ''piggyback, piggybacked'' :* '''zoyanxen''' = ''reuniting'' :* '''zoyanyafxen''' = ''reconnecting, reconnection'' :* '''zoyanyafxer''' = ''to reconnect'' :* '''zoyanyafxun''' = ''reconnection'' :* '''zoyanyafxwa''' = ''reconnected'' :* '''zoyaogxer''' = ''to recase'' :* '''zoyaotyanxen''' = ''regrouping'' :* '''zoyaotyanxwa''' = ''regrouped'' :* '''zoy-apyexen''' = ''striking back'' :* '''zoy-apyexer''' = ''to harry'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyasanxen -- zoybaea = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyasanxen''' = ''remodeling'' :* '''zoyasanxwa''' = ''remodeled'' :* '''zoyasea''' = ''becoming again'' :* '''zoyaser''' = ''to become again'' :* '''zoyavakuwa''' = ''reassured'' :* '''zoyaxlar''' = ''reactor'' :* '''zoyaxlawa''' = ''reacted'' :* '''zoyaxlea''' = ''reactive'' :* '''zoyaxleaxea''' = ''reactivating'' :* '''zoyaxleaxen''' = ''reactivating, reactivation'' :* '''zoyaxleaxwa''' = ''reactivated'' :* '''zoyaxleay''' = ''reactively'' :* '''zoyaxlen''' = ''reacting, reaction, reactivity, reenactment'' :* '''zoyaxlen zaypux''' = ''jet propulsion'' :* '''zoyaxlena''' = ''reactionary'' :* '''zoyaxlenin''' = ''reactionism'' :* '''zoyaxlenina''' = ''reactionist'' :* '''zoyaxleninut''' = ''reactionist'' :* '''zoyaxler''' = ''to react'' :* '''zoyaxlun''' = ''reaction, reprise'' :* '''zoyaxlur''' = ''reactor'' :* '''zoyaxlus''' = ''reactant, reagent'' :* '''zoyaxluxea''' = ''catalytic'' :* '''zoyaxluxen''' = ''catalysis'' :* '''zoyaxluxus''' = ''catalyst'' :* '''zoyaxlyea''' = ''reactive'' :* '''zoyaxlyean''' = ''reactivity'' :* '''zoyaxlyeat''' = ''reactionary'' :* '''zoyaxlyeay''' = ''reactively'' :* '''zoyaxlyofwa''' = ''inert'' :* '''zoyaxlyofwan''' = ''inertia, inertness'' :* '''zoyaymxar''' = ''warmer'' :* '''zoyaymxen''' = ''rewarming'' :* '''zoyaynser''' = ''to redintegrate'' :* '''zoyaynx''' = ''amends'' :* '''zoyaynxam''' = ''repair shop'' :* '''zoyaynxen''' = ''redintegration, reintegration, repairing, reparation'' :* '''zoyaynxena''' = ''reparative'' :* '''zoyaynxut''' = ''repairer, repairman'' :* '''zoyaynxwa''' = ''reintegrated, repaired'' :* '''zoyaynxyafwa''' = ''repairable, reparable'' :* '''zoyaysipea''' = ''taking back'' :* '''zoyaysipen''' = ''taking back'' :* '''zoyaysiper''' = ''to take back'' :* '''zoyaysiplawa''' = ''taken back'' :* '''zoyaysiplen''' = ''taking back'' :* '''zoyaysipler''' = ''to bring back, to take back'' :* '''zoyaysipya''' = ''taken back'' :* '''zoyayspen''' = ''taking back'' :* '''zoyaysupea''' = ''bringing back'' :* '''zoyaysupen''' = ''bringing back'' :* '''zoyaysuper''' = ''to bring back'' :* '''zoyaysuplawa''' = ''picked up'' :* '''zoyaysuplen''' = ''picking up'' :* '''zoyaysupler''' = ''to pick up'' :* '''zoyaysupya''' = ''brought back'' :* '''zoyazaser''' = ''to resurge'' :* '''zoyazatasea''' = ''resurgent'' :* '''zoyazaxea''' = ''reinforcing'' :* '''zoyazaxen''' = ''refortifying, reinforcement, resurgence'' :* '''zoyazaxut''' = ''reinforcer'' :* '''zoyazaxwa''' = ''refortified, reinforced'' :* '''zoyazlaxen''' = ''reinvigoration'' :* '''zoyazlaxer''' = ''to reinvigorate'' :* '''zoyazlaxwa''' = ''reinvigorated'' :* '''zoyazmaniger''' = ''to flare up again'' :* '''zoyazonier''' = ''to rev up'' :* '''zoyazonikser''' = ''to become reenergized'' :* '''zoyazonikxwa''' = ''reenergized'' :* '''zoyazonuen''' = ''reenforcement'' :* '''zoyazulier''' = ''to refuel'' :* '''zoyazuluen''' = ''refueling'' :* '''zoyazvadea''' = ''corroborating, corroboratory'' :* '''zoyazvaden''' = ''corroboration, reconfirmation'' :* '''zoyazvader''' = ''to corroborate, to reconfirm'' :* '''zoyazvadut''' = ''corroborator'' :* '''zoyazvadwa''' = ''corroborated, reconfirmed'' :* '''zoyazvadyea''' = ''corroborative'' :* '''zoyb''' = ''setback'' :* '''zoybaea''' = ''backward leaning back, reclining, tilting backwards'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoybaen -- zoybixaren = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoybaen''' = ''leaning back, reclining'' :* '''zoybaer''' = ''to lean back, to recline, to tilt backwards'' :* '''zoybaksea''' = ''in recovery, recovering'' :* '''zoybakxer''' = ''to make well again'' :* '''zoybakxwa''' = ''recovered'' :* '''zoybakxyafwa''' = ''recoverable'' :* '''zoybakxyofwa''' = ''irrecoverable'' :* '''zoybakxyofway''' = ''irrecoverably'' :* '''zoybalen''' = ''repressing, repression'' :* '''zoybalwa''' = ''repressed'' :* '''zoybalyea''' = ''repressive'' :* '''zoybalyeay''' = ''repressively'' :* '''zoybasea''' = ''recoiling, reversing'' :* '''zoybasen''' = ''recoiling, reversal, reversion'' :* '''zoybaxen''' = ''reversal'' :* '''zoybaxwa''' = ''reversed'' :* '''zoybaxyofwa''' = ''irreversible'' :* '''zoybaxyofwan''' = ''irreversibility'' :* '''zoybaxyofway''' = ''irreversibly'' :* '''zoybekulyeber''' = ''to reinoculate'' :* '''zoybelen''' = ''carrying back, retrieval, retrieving'' :* '''zoybeler''' = ''to carry back, to retrieve'' :* '''zoybelunaben''' = ''reloading'' :* '''zoybelunabwa''' = ''reloaded'' :* '''zoybelut''' = ''retriever'' :* '''zoybelwa''' = ''carried back, retrieved'' :* '''zoybelyafwa''' = ''retrievable'' :* '''zoybelyafwan''' = ''retrievability'' :* '''zoybelyofwa''' = ''unretrievable'' :* '''zoyben''' = ''laying back, postponement, postponing, putting off, return'' :* '''zoyber''' = ''to postpone, to put back, to put off, to return, to set back'' :* '''zoybesea''' = ''left over, remaining, residual, staying behind'' :* '''zoybesen''' = ''remaining, staying back, staying behind'' :* '''zoybeser''' = ''to be left over, to remain, to stay back, to stay behind'' :* '''zoybesun''' = ''leftover, relic, relict, remains, residual'' :* '''zoybexea''' = ''withholding'' :* '''zoybexen''' = ''detainment, detention, holding back, recouping, resistance, resisting, retaining, retainment, retention, withholding'' :* '''zoybexer''' = ''to detain, to hold back, to recoup, to resist, to retain, to withhold'' :* '''zoybexien''' = ''repossession'' :* '''zoybexier''' = ''to repossess'' :* '''zoybexiwa''' = ''repossessed'' :* '''zoybexlawa''' = ''kept back, retained'' :* '''zoybexlen''' = ''keeping back, retaining, retainment, retention'' :* '''zoybexler''' = ''to keep back, to retain'' :* '''zoybexlun''' = ''retainer'' :* '''zoybexlyea''' = ''retentive'' :* '''zoybexlyean''' = ''retentiveness'' :* '''zoybexlyeay''' = ''retentively'' :* '''zoybexlyofwa''' = ''irrepressible'' :* '''zoybexlyofway''' = ''irrepressibly'' :* '''zoybexoya''' = ''resistless'' :* '''zoybexuka''' = ''resistless'' :* '''zoybexun''' = ''holdover, retainer, retinue, withholding'' :* '''zoybexut''' = ''resister, withholder'' :* '''zoybexwa''' = ''detained, held back, kept back, recouped, resisted, retained, withheld'' :* '''zoybexwat''' = ''detainee'' :* '''zoybexwaxen''' = ''foreclosure'' :* '''zoybexwaxer''' = ''to foreclose'' :* '''zoybexwaxyofwa''' = ''irreclaimable'' :* '''zoybexyafwa''' = ''resistible'' :* '''zoybexyafwan''' = ''resistibility'' :* '''zoybexyea''' = ''resistant, resistive, retentive'' :* '''zoybexyean''' = ''resistivity, retentiveness'' :* '''zoybexyeay''' = ''resistantly, retentively'' :* '''zoybexyofwa''' = ''irresistable, irresistible'' :* '''zoybexyofwan''' = ''irresistibility'' :* '''zoybexyofway''' = ''irresistibly'' :* '''zoybiafxen''' = ''retrocession'' :* '''zoybis''' = ''flinch, retirement, retreat, withdrawal'' :* '''zoybisea''' = ''drawing back, flinching, receding, retiring, retreating, shrinking, withdrawing'' :* '''zoybisem''' = ''retreat'' :* '''zoybisen''' = ''drawing back, flinching, receding, retiring, shrinking, withdrawing'' :* '''zoybiser''' = ''to draw back, to flinch, to recede, to retire, to retreat, to shrink, to withdraw'' :* '''zoybisya''' = ''receded, retreated, withdrawn'' :* '''zoybiut''' = ''retriever'' :* '''zoybiwas''' = ''reprise, retrieval, something returned'' :* '''zoybix''' = ''pullback, retraction'' :* '''zoybixam''' = ''recess'' :* '''zoybixar''' = ''trigger'' :* '''zoybixaren''' = ''triggering'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoybixarer -- zoydomgonxer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoybixarer''' = ''to trigger'' :* '''zoybixarwa''' = ''triggered'' :* '''zoybixen''' = ''drawing back, pulling back, recession, retracting, retraction, withdrawing'' :* '''zoybixer''' = ''to draw back, to pull back, to recess, to retire, to retract, to withdraw'' :* '''zoybixus''' = ''pullback'' :* '''zoybixwa''' = ''drawn back, pulled back, recessed, retracted'' :* '''zoybixwan''' = ''recess'' :* '''zoybixyafwa''' = ''retractable, retractile'' :* '''zoybiyafwa''' = ''recoverable, retrievable'' :* '''zoybiyafwan''' = ''retrievability'' :* '''zoybokogrunuen''' = ''reinfection'' :* '''zoybokogrunuwa''' = ''reinfected'' :* '''zoybokser''' = ''to get sick again'' :* '''zoyboser''' = ''to be calm again'' :* '''zoybuen''' = ''giving back, rendering, restitution, restoration, restoring, returning'' :* '''zoybuer''' = ''to give back, to render, to restore, to retrocede, to return'' :* '''zoybukuen''' = ''vengeance'' :* '''zoybukuyea''' = ''vengeful'' :* '''zoybukuyeay''' = ''vengefully'' :* '''zoybun''' = ''giveback, payback, restitution'' :* '''zoybunen''' = ''refunding, restitution, restoration'' :* '''zoybuner''' = ''to make up for, to refund, to restore'' :* '''zoybunun''' = ''restitution, restoration'' :* '''zoybunwa''' = ''refunded, restored'' :* '''zoybuwa''' = ''given back, rendered, restored, returned'' :* '''zoybuxea''' = ''repulsing'' :* '''zoybuxen''' = ''repelling, repulsing, repulsion'' :* '''zoybuxer''' = ''to push back, to repel, to repulse'' :* '''zoybuxler''' = ''to drive back'' :* '''zoybuxrar''' = ''repump'' :* '''zoybuxul''' = ''repellent'' :* '''zoybuxwa''' = ''pushed back, repelled, repulsed'' :* '''zoybuxyea''' = ''repulsive'' :* '''zoybuxyean''' = ''repulsiveness'' :* '''zoybuxyeay''' = ''repulsively'' :* '''zoybuyofwa''' = ''nonreturnable'' :* '''zoybwa''' = ''laid back, postponed, put back, put off, relegated, returned, set back, shifted, transposed'' :* '''zoybyafwa''' = ''returnable'' :* '''zoybyaxer''' = ''to lift back up, to remount, to restore, to set back upright'' :* '''zoybyeksea''' = ''recovering'' :* '''zoybyena''' = ''plantlike'' :* '''zoybyexler''' = ''to beat back'' :* '''zoybyofwa''' = ''irredeemable'' :* '''zoybyofway''' = ''irredeemably'' :* '''zoybyok''' = ''retribution'' :* '''zoybyokuer''' = ''to make pay up, to punish in return, to retribute, to take revenge'' :* '''zoybyokuyea''' = ''retributive'' :* '''zoybyux''' = ''recontact'' :* '''zoybyuxea taxdren naab''' = ''swapfile'' :* '''zoybyuxen''' = ''retouching'' :* '''zoybyuxur''' = ''retoucher'' :* '''zoybyuxut''' = ''reserve trooper'' :* '''zoybyuxwa''' = ''retouched'' :* '''zoydabuea''' = ''reinstating'' :* '''zoydabuen''' = ''reinstatement, reinstating'' :* '''zoydabuwa''' = ''reinstated'' :* '''zoydal''' = ''sass'' :* '''zoydalegen''' = ''echolalia'' :* '''zoydalen''' = ''sassiness, talking back'' :* '''zoydalyea''' = ''lippy, sassy'' :* '''zoydatupen''' = ''revisiting'' :* '''zoydatupya''' = ''revisited'' :* '''zoydea''' = ''reiterating, repeating'' :* '''zoydel''' = ''restatement'' :* '''zoydelea''' = ''restating'' :* '''zoydelen''' = ''redeclaring, restatement, restating, retraction'' :* '''zoydelwa''' = ''redeclared, restated, retracted'' :* '''zoyden''' = ''bi yujteuzuni consonance, reiterating, reiteration, repeating, repetition, retelling'' :* '''zoyder''' = ''to continue, to go on to say, to rehash, to rehearse, to reiterate, to repeat, to retell, to say again'' :* '''zoydeuzun''' = ''refrain'' :* '''zoydezgonuen''' = ''recasting'' :* '''zoydezgonuer''' = ''to recast'' :* '''zoydiden''' = ''drilling'' :* '''zoydobuen''' = ''rededication'' :* '''zoydobuwa''' = ''rededicated'' :* '''zoydodruren''' = ''republication'' :* '''zoydokebiden''' = ''reelecting, reelection'' :* '''zoydokebiwa''' = ''reelected'' :* '''zoydomgonxen''' = ''redistricting'' :* '''zoydomgonxer''' = ''to redistrict'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoydomgonxwa -- zoyexuer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoydomgonxwa''' = ''redistricted'' :* '''zoydopekyemien''' = ''redeployment'' :* '''zoydopekyemier''' = ''to redeploy'' :* '''zoydopoxwa''' = ''rearrested'' :* '''zoydopyuxut''' = ''reservist'' :* '''zoydopyuxutyan''' = ''reserves'' :* '''zoydosyemxen''' = ''reinstitution'' :* '''zoydosyemxwa''' = ''reinstituted'' :* '''zoydovyayabxen''' = ''recoding'' :* '''zoydovyayabxwa''' = ''recoded'' :* '''zoydoxalen''' = ''recommission'' :* '''zoydoyovxen''' = ''recidivation, recidivism'' :* '''zoydoyovxut''' = ''recidivist'' :* '''zoydravagder''' = ''to reregister'' :* '''zoydrea''' = ''revising'' :* '''zoydreden''' = ''respelling'' :* '''zoydredwa''' = ''respelled'' :* '''zoydredyunwa''' = ''retitlted'' :* '''zoydren''' = ''recopying, revisal, revising, rewriting'' :* '''zoydrena''' = ''revisionary'' :* '''zoydresinen''' = ''redesigning'' :* '''zoydriren''' = ''retyping'' :* '''zoydrun''' = ''revision, rewrite'' :* '''zoydruren''' = ''reprinting'' :* '''zoydrurun''' = ''offprint, reprint'' :* '''zoydrurwa''' = ''reprinted'' :* '''zoydrut''' = ''reviser'' :* '''zoyduz''' = ''refrain'' :* '''zoydwa''' = ''rehearsed, reiterated, repeated, retold'' :* '''zoydwas''' = ''catchword'' :* '''zoydway''' = ''repeatedly'' :* '''zoydyafwa''' = ''repeatable'' :* '''zoydyaner''' = ''to rephrase'' :* '''zoydyanwa''' = ''rephrased'' :* '''zoydyea''' = ''reiterative, repetitive'' :* '''zoydyean''' = ''repetitiousness, repetitiveness'' :* '''zoydyeay''' = ''repetitiously, repetitively'' :* '''zoydyesanxen''' = ''rebinding'' :* '''zoydyofwa''' = ''unrepeatable'' :* '''zoydyuen''' = ''recalling, repealing, rescinding, rescission, revocation'' :* '''zoydyuer''' = ''to rappel, to recall, to repeal, to rescind'' :* '''zoydyunden''' = ''recital, recitation'' :* '''zoydyundwa''' = ''recited'' :* '''zoydyunwa''' = ''renamed'' :* '''zoydyunxen''' = ''renomination'' :* '''zoydyuun''' = ''callback'' :* '''zoydyuwa''' = ''recalled, repealed, revoked'' :* '''zoydyuyofwa''' = ''irrepealable'' :* '''zoyebtestuen''' = ''reinterpretation, reinterpreting'' :* '''zoyebtestuwa''' = ''reinterpreted, retranslated'' :* '''zoyebzyabea''' = ''retransmitting'' :* '''zoyebzyaben''' = ''retransmitting'' :* '''zoyebzyabwa''' = ''retransmitted'' :* '''zoyegser''' = ''to get back to normal'' :* '''zoyegxer''' = ''to bring back to normal'' :* '''zoyejnaaxyofwa''' = ''nonrenewable'' :* '''zoyejnaxen''' = ''renewal, revamping'' :* '''zoyejnaxer''' = ''to renew, to revamp'' :* '''zoyejnaxwa''' = ''renewed, revamped'' :* '''zoyejnaxyafwa''' = ''renewable, yexazon renewable energy'' :* '''zoyejnaxyofwa''' = ''unrenewable'' :* '''zoyejub''' = ''last week'' :* '''zoyejubuj''' = ''last weekend'' :* '''zoyek''' = ''replay'' :* '''zoyeken''' = ''playback, replaying'' :* '''zoyeknaz''' = ''replay value'' :* '''zoyekun''' = ''rematch'' :* '''zoyekwa''' = ''replayed, rerun'' :* '''zoyekwas''' = ''leitmotif, leitmotiv'' :* '''zoyemben''' = ''reinstallation, relocating, relocation, repositioning, resetting, resettlement'' :* '''zoyembuen''' = ''reassigning'' :* '''zoyembuwa''' = ''reassigned'' :* '''zoyembwa''' = ''moved, relocated, repositioned, resettled'' :* '''zoyembyafwa''' = ''relocatable, replaceable, transferable'' :* '''zoyemdyunber''' = ''to readdress'' :* '''zoyexden''' = ''redefinition'' :* '''zoyexleer''' = ''to reprocess'' :* '''zoyextuundrawa''' = ''reprogrammed'' :* '''zoyextuundren''' = ''reprogramming'' :* '''zoyexuer''' = ''to fix'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyexuwa -- zoyifbuler = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyexuwa''' = ''fixed'' :* '''zoyexuyafwa''' = ''fixable'' :* '''zoyfabyanen''' = ''reforestation'' :* '''zoyfabyaner''' = ''to reforest'' :* '''zoyfabyanwa''' = ''reforested'' :* '''zoyfiawa''' = ''bettered, fixed, improved'' :* '''zoyfiaxen''' = ''betterment, fix, fixing, improvement, melioration, repairing, reparation'' :* '''zoyfiaxer''' = ''to better, to fix, to improve, to meliorate, to repair'' :* '''zoyfiaxut''' = ''fixer, improver, repairer, repairman'' :* '''zoyfiaxuwas''' = ''fixer-upper'' :* '''zoyfiaxwa''' = ''fixed, repaired'' :* '''zoyfiaxyafwa''' = ''repairable, reparable'' :* '''zoyfiaxyea''' = ''meliorative'' :* '''zoyfiaxyofwa''' = ''unfixable, unimprovable'' :* '''zoyfid''' = ''flack'' :* '''zoyfinxen''' = ''refurbishment'' :* '''zoyfinxer''' = ''to furbish, to refurbish'' :* '''zoyfisea''' = ''getting better, improving'' :* '''zoyfisen''' = ''doing better'' :* '''zoyfiser''' = ''to do better, to get better, to improve'' :* '''zoyfix''' = ''trump'' :* '''zoyfizaxen''' = ''redemption'' :* '''zoyfizaxyea''' = ''redemptive'' :* '''zoyfyaaxen''' = ''reconsecration'' :* '''zoyfyabuen''' = ''rededication'' :* '''zoyfyabuwa''' = ''rededicated'' :* '''Zoyfyambilbinut''' = ''Anabaptist'' :* '''zoyfyamilben''' = ''rebaptism'' :* '''zoyfyamilber''' = ''to rebaptize'' :* '''Zoyfyamilbin''' = ''Anabaptism'' :* '''Zoyfyamilbina''' = ''Anabraptist'' :* '''zoyfyamilbwa''' = ''rebaptized'' :* '''zoyfyindea''' = ''reevaluating'' :* '''zoyfyinden''' = ''reassessment, reevaluating, reevaluation'' :* '''zoyfyinder''' = ''to assess upwardly, to reassess, to reevaluate'' :* '''zoyfyindwa''' = ''reassessed, reevaluated'' :* '''zoygasanser''' = ''to redevelop'' :* '''zoygasanxen''' = ''redevelopment'' :* '''zoygasanxut''' = ''redeveloper'' :* '''zoygasanxwa''' = ''redeveloped'' :* '''zoygefux''' = ''reprisal, retribution'' :* '''zoygefuxen''' = ''getting back at, requital, requiting, retaliation, retorsion, retortion'' :* '''zoygefuxer''' = ''to get back at, to requite, to retaliate, to retribute'' :* '''zoygefuxut''' = ''requiter, retaliator'' :* '''zoygefuxwa''' = ''requited, retaliated'' :* '''zoygefuxyea''' = ''retaliative, retaliatory, retributive'' :* '''zoygelsanxen''' = ''readaption'' :* '''zoygelsanxwa''' = ''readapted'' :* '''zoygelsanxyafwa''' = ''readaptable'' :* '''zoygex''' = ''revenge, vengeance'' :* '''zoygexea''' = ''avenging'' :* '''zoygexen''' = ''avenging'' :* '''zoygexer''' = ''to avenge, to exact revenge, to get even'' :* '''zoygexut''' = ''avenger, revenger'' :* '''zoygexwa''' = ''avenged, revenged'' :* '''zoygexyea''' = ''revengeful, vengeful'' :* '''zoygexyeay''' = ''revengefully, vengefully'' :* '''zoygiaxer''' = ''to resharpen'' :* '''zoygiaxwa''' = ''resharpened'' :* '''zoygoblen''' = ''resection'' :* '''zoygolen''' = ''redivision'' :* '''zoygonuen''' = ''reallocation'' :* '''zoygonutsen''' = ''reenlistment'' :* '''zoygonutser''' = ''to reenlist'' :* '''zoygonuwa''' = ''reallocated'' :* '''zoyhobyenxer''' = ''to recondition'' :* '''zoyhyidresiyna''' = ''alliterate, alliterative'' :* '''zoyhyidresiynay''' = ''alliteratively'' :* '''zoyhyidresiynen''' = ''alliteration'' :* '''zoyhyudalzeynuer''' = ''to retranslate'' :* '''zoyhyudalzeynuwa''' = ''retranslated'' :* '''zoyibelen''' = ''bringing back'' :* '''zoyibeler''' = ''to bring back'' :* '''zoyibelwa''' = ''brought back'' :* '''zoyibiyofwa''' = ''irretrievable'' :* '''zoyibiyofway''' = ''irretrievably'' :* '''zoyibler''' = ''to get back, to get restored, to regather'' :* '''zoyiblun''' = ''recovery'' :* '''zoyifbulen''' = ''rededication'' :* '''zoyifbuler''' = ''to rededicate'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyifbulwa -- zoykyasler = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyifbulwa''' = ''rededicated'' :* '''zoyigpen''' = ''running back'' :* '''zoyigper''' = ''to run back'' :* '''zoyijbea''' = ''restarting'' :* '''zoyijben''' = ''beginning again, rebooting, recommencement, restart, restarting'' :* '''zoyijber''' = ''to begin again, to reboot, to recommence, to restart, to start up again'' :* '''zoyijbwa''' = ''begun anew, rebooted, recommenced, restarted'' :* '''zoyijer''' = ''to begin again, to begin anew, to recommence, to restart, to start fresh, to start up again'' :* '''zoyijkaxen''' = ''rediscovery'' :* '''zoyijkaxun''' = ''rediscovery'' :* '''zoyijkaxwa''' = ''rediscovered'' :* '''zoyijnaxea''' = ''reinitializing'' :* '''zoyijnaxen''' = ''reinitializing'' :* '''zoyijnaxer''' = ''to reinitialize'' :* '''zoyijnaxwa''' = ''reinitialized'' :* '''zoyijsaxen''' = ''recreating, recreation'' :* '''zoyikbea''' = ''refilling, replenishing'' :* '''zoyikben''' = ''refilling, replenishing, replenishment'' :* '''zoyikber''' = ''to refill, to replenish'' :* '''zoyikbwa''' = ''refilled, replenished'' :* '''zoyikbyafwa''' = ''refillable'' :* '''zoyikxer''' = ''to backfill'' :* '''zoyilien''' = ''reabsorption'' :* '''zoyiliwa''' = ''reabsorbed'' :* '''zoyilp''' = ''backwash, eddy, reflex, reflux, retro-flux'' :* '''zoyilpaner''' = ''to redound'' :* '''zoyilpen''' = ''backwashing, flowing back, refluence'' :* '''zoyilper''' = ''to ebb, to flow back'' :* '''zoyip''' = ''return'' :* '''zoyiper''' = ''to go back, to return'' :* '''zoyiput''' = ''returnee'' :* '''zoyivpuyser''' = ''to hop with joy'' :* '''zoyivpyaxen''' = ''hopping with joy'' :* '''zoyivpyaxer''' = ''to frolic'' :* '''zoyizben''' = ''leading back, redirecting, redirection'' :* '''zoyizber''' = ''to lead back, to redirect'' :* '''zoyizbwa''' = ''led back, redirected'' :* '''zoyizdea''' = ''anaphoric'' :* '''zoyizdeas''' = ''anaphora'' :* '''zoyizdeay''' = ''anaphorically'' :* '''zoyizona''' = ''backward, backwards'' :* '''zoyizonay''' = ''backwards, in reverse'' :* '''zoyizonpen''' = ''turning around'' :* '''zoyizonper''' = ''to go in the opposite direction, to turn around'' :* '''zoyjesea''' = ''remaining'' :* '''zoyjesun''' = ''leftover'' :* '''zoyjobzyuser''' = ''to cycle through, to recycle'' :* '''zoyjogxen''' = ''rejuvenation, rejuvenescence'' :* '''zoyjogxwa''' = ''rejuvenated'' :* '''zoyjudarben''' = ''putting back on the calendar, rescheduling'' :* '''zoyjudarbwa''' = ''rescheduled'' :* '''zoyjudarer''' = ''to put back on the calendar, to reschedule'' :* '''zoyjudarwa''' = ''put back on the calendar'' :* '''zoyjudrawa''' = ''rescheduled'' :* '''zoyjudren''' = ''rescheduling'' :* '''zoyjudrer''' = ''to backdate, to reschedule'' :* '''zoyjwefxen''' = ''refreshment'' :* '''zoyjwefxer''' = ''to freshen up, to refresh'' :* '''zoyjwefxus''' = ''refresher'' :* '''zoyjwefxwa''' = ''refreshed'' :* '''zoyjweser''' = ''to get ready again'' :* '''zoyjwexeay''' = ''refreshingly'' :* '''zoykebier''' = ''to reselect'' :* '''zoykebiwa''' = ''reselected'' :* '''zoykexyofwa''' = ''irretrievable'' :* '''zoykexyofwan''' = ''irretrievably'' :* '''zoykinsea''' = ''sloping back'' :* '''zoykinxwa''' = ''sloping back'' :* '''zoykis''' = ''backbend'' :* '''zoykisea''' = ''bending back, bending backwards, relining'' :* '''zoykiser''' = ''to bend back, to bend backwards, to recline, to slope back'' :* '''zoykix''' = ''reflection'' :* '''zoykixea sim''' = ''recliner, reclining chair'' :* '''zoykixen''' = ''bending back, reflection'' :* '''zoykixer''' = ''to bend back, to reflect'' :* '''zoykixwa''' = ''bent backwards, reflected'' :* '''zoykupaser''' = ''to swing to the side'' :* '''zoykupaxer''' = ''to shift to the side'' :* '''zoykyaper''' = ''to backslide'' :* '''zoykyasler''' = ''to reconvert'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoykyaxlen -- zoymyekxer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoykyaxlen''' = ''reconversion'' :* '''zoykyaxlwa''' = ''reconverted'' :* '''zoykyesa''' = ''casual'' :* '''zoykyesay''' = ''casually'' :* '''zoykyesea''' = ''recurrent, recurring, zeson staple'' :* '''zoykyeseay''' = ''recurrently'' :* '''zoykyesen''' = ''recurrence'' :* '''zoykyeyanuper''' = ''to run into again'' :* '''zoykyidea''' = ''reemphasizing'' :* '''zoykyiden''' = ''reemphasizing'' :* '''zoykyidwa''' = ''reemphasized'' :* '''zoykyisuar''' = ''reloader'' :* '''zoykyisue''' = ''reloading'' :* '''zoykyisuut''' = ''reloader'' :* '''zoykyisuwa''' = ''reloaded'' :* '''zoykyisuyafwa''' = ''rechargeable'' :* '''zoykyosanxen''' = ''reformatting'' :* '''zoykyosanxwa''' = ''reformatted'' :* '''zoykyosaunxen''' = ''reformulating, reformulation'' :* '''zoykyosaunxer''' = ''to reformulate'' :* '''zoykyosaunxwa''' = ''reformulated'' :* '''zoykyuanxwa''' = ''reunited'' :* '''zoykyuanyanxer''' = ''to chain back together'' :* '''zoykyuper''' = ''to slide back'' :* '''zoyleonxen''' = ''reduplication'' :* '''zoyleonxer''' = ''to redouble, to reduplicate'' :* '''zoyleonxwa''' = ''redoubled'' :* '''zoylobex''' = ''junk, leftover, residue, trace'' :* '''zoylobexer''' = ''to junk, to leave behind'' :* '''zoylobexnyan''' = ''junk pile'' :* '''zoylobexun''' = ''junk, leftover, residue, trace'' :* '''zoylobexwa''' = ''junked, left over, remaining, residual'' :* '''zoylobexwas''' = ''junk, something left behind, trace'' :* '''zoylobexwasi''' = ''remains'' :* '''zoylobexyem''' = ''junk box, trash can'' :* '''zoylosaunnapxen''' = ''reshuffling'' :* '''zoylosaunnapxer''' = ''to reshuffle'' :* '''zoylosaunnapxwa''' = ''reshuffled'' :* '''zoylsaunxen''' = ''replication'' :* '''zoylzben''' = ''dying, shading, tinting'' :* '''zoylzber''' = ''to shade, to tint'' :* '''zoym''' = ''backside, hind, reverse'' :* '''zoymaagilier''' = ''to refuel'' :* '''zoymag''' = ''retrofire'' :* '''zoymagijber''' = ''to rekindle'' :* '''zoymagyeluer''' = ''to refuel'' :* '''zoymagyelwa''' = ''refried'' :* '''zoymakijber''' = ''to reignite'' :* '''zoymakijbwa''' = ''switched back on'' :* '''zoyman''' = ''backlight, reflection'' :* '''zoymanijber''' = ''to relight'' :* '''zoymansen''' = ''reverberation'' :* '''zoymansinier''' = ''to rephotograph'' :* '''zoymanxar''' = ''reflector'' :* '''zoymanxea''' = ''reflective'' :* '''zoymav''' = ''flashback'' :* '''zoymaynxer''' = ''to clear up again'' :* '''zoymben''' = ''reversal, reversing, turnaround, turning around, turning over'' :* '''zoymber''' = ''to reverse, to turn around, to turn over'' :* '''zoymbwa''' = ''reversed, turned around, turned over'' :* '''zoymelukxer''' = ''to dig up again'' :* '''zoymelzyegwa''' = ''dug up again'' :* '''zoymelzyegxer''' = ''to dig up again'' :* '''zoymemuber''' = ''to reexport, to repatriate'' :* '''zoymemubwa''' = ''reexported, repatriated'' :* '''zoymemubwat''' = ''repatriate, repatriated person'' :* '''zoymemupat''' = ''repatriate'' :* '''zoymemupen''' = ''coming back to the homeland, repatriation'' :* '''zoymemuper''' = ''to come back to the homeland, to repatriate'' :* '''zoymemuput''' = ''person coming back to the homeland'' :* '''zoymemupya''' = ''repatriated'' :* '''zoymepxen''' = ''rerouting'' :* '''zoymepxwa''' = ''rerouted'' :* '''zoymeumxer''' = ''to rezone'' :* '''zoymezaxer''' = ''to recrystallize'' :* '''zoymimpuer''' = ''to reembark'' :* '''zoymumben''' = ''reburial'' :* '''zoymusben''' = ''scaling back'' :* '''zoymusbwa''' = ''scaled back'' :* '''zoymyekxer''' = ''to regrind'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoynaaben -- zoynuxbier = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoynaaben''' = ''reclassification, reclassifying'' :* '''zoynaabwa''' = ''reclassified'' :* '''zoynaabxen''' = ''reorganization'' :* '''zoynaabxer''' = ''to reorganize'' :* '''zoynaabxwa''' = ''reorganized'' :* '''zoynabxen''' = ''demotion, retrofitting'' :* '''zoynabxer''' = ''to demote, to retrofit'' :* '''zoynabxwa''' = ''demoted'' :* '''zoynadxen''' = ''realigning, realignment'' :* '''zoynadxer''' = ''to realign'' :* '''zoynadxwa''' = ''realigned'' :* '''zoynagun''' = ''remeasure'' :* '''zoynapa''' = ''retrograde'' :* '''zoynapkyaxen''' = ''reshuffling'' :* '''zoynapkyaxer''' = ''to reshuffle'' :* '''zoynapkyaxwa''' = ''reshuffled'' :* '''zoynaptyop''' = ''countermarch'' :* '''zoynaptyoper''' = ''to countermarch'' :* '''zoynapxea''' = ''rearranging'' :* '''zoynapxen''' = ''rearrangement, rearranging, redressing, rejigging'' :* '''zoynapxwa''' = ''rearranged, redressed'' :* '''zoynapxyafwa''' = ''rearrangeable'' :* '''zoynasbuen''' = ''reallocation'' :* '''zoynasbuwa''' = ''reallocated'' :* '''zoynasgonuen''' = ''reinvestment'' :* '''zoynasyanuen''' = ''refinancing'' :* '''zoynasyanuer''' = ''to refinance'' :* '''zoynasyanuwa''' = ''refinanced'' :* '''zoynasyemben''' = ''rollover'' :* '''zoynaxbuer''' = ''to outbid'' :* '''zoynaxuer''' = ''to reprice'' :* '''zoynazden''' = ''reappraisal, reassessment, revaluation'' :* '''zoynazdwa''' = ''reassessed'' :* '''zoyneadpen''' = ''backtracking'' :* '''zoyneadper''' = ''to backtrack'' :* '''zoynedser''' = ''to resurface'' :* '''zoynedxer''' = ''to reface'' :* '''zoyneof''' = ''backstitch'' :* '''zoyneofxen''' = ''backstitching'' :* '''zoyneofxer''' = ''to backstitch'' :* '''zoyneofxwa''' = ''backstitched'' :* '''zoynig''' = ''backspace'' :* '''zoynigxen''' = ''backspacing'' :* '''zoynigxer''' = ''to backspace'' :* '''zoynigxwa''' = ''backspaced'' :* '''zoynix''' = ''return, revenue, yield'' :* '''zoynixbuut''' = ''reseller'' :* '''zoynixbuyafwa''' = ''resalable'' :* '''zoynixen''' = ''recouping, recovery, redeeming, redemption, regaining, yielding'' :* '''zoynixer''' = ''to buy back, to recoup, to recover, to redeem, to regain, to yield'' :* '''zoynixuen''' = ''holding ransom, ransoming'' :* '''zoynixuer''' = ''to hold ransom'' :* '''zoynixut''' = ''redeemer'' :* '''zoynixuut''' = ''ransomer'' :* '''zoynixuwa''' = ''held ransom'' :* '''zoynixwa''' = ''bought back, recouped, recovered, redeemed, regained, yielded'' :* '''zoynixyafwa''' = ''redeemable'' :* '''zoynixyea''' = ''redemptive'' :* '''zoynixyofwa''' = ''nonrecoverable, nonredeemable'' :* '''zoynofxen''' = ''reweaving'' :* '''zoynofxwa''' = ''rewoven'' :* '''zoynogsea''' = ''regressing, retrogressive'' :* '''zoynogsen''' = ''regressing, regression, retrogression'' :* '''zoynogser''' = ''to regress, to retrogress'' :* '''zoynogsya''' = ''regressed'' :* '''zoynogsyea''' = ''regressive'' :* '''zoynovolzilber''' = ''to redye'' :* '''zoynuen''' = ''reproducing, reproduction'' :* '''zoynuena''' = ''reproductive'' :* '''zoynuneken''' = ''renegotiation'' :* '''zoynunekwa''' = ''renegotiated'' :* '''zoynunekyafwa''' = ''renegotiable'' :* '''zoynunsiynen''' = ''relabeling'' :* '''zoynunsiynwa''' = ''relabeled'' :* '''zoynunuut''' = ''reseller'' :* '''zoynuut''' = ''reproducer'' :* '''zoynuwa''' = ''reproduced, resupplied'' :* '''zoynux''' = ''back pay, compensation, recompense, refund, refundment, reimbursement, repayment, retribution'' :* '''zoynuxbien''' = ''buying back, repurchasing'' :* '''zoynuxbier''' = ''to buy back, to repurchase'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoynuxbiun -- zoypuser = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoynuxbiun''' = ''buyback'' :* '''zoynuxbiwa''' = ''bought back, repurchased'' :* '''zoynuxea''' = ''compensating'' :* '''zoynuxen''' = ''back payment, compensating, compensation, payback, paying back, reimbursement, repaying, repayment'' :* '''zoynuxena''' = ''compensatory'' :* '''zoynuxer''' = ''to compensate, to pay back, to refund, to reimburse, to repay, to retribute'' :* '''zoynuxun''' = ''payback, reimbursement, repayment'' :* '''zoynuxwa''' = ''compensated, paid back, refunded, reimbursed, repaid'' :* '''zoynuxyafwa''' = ''refundable, reimbursable'' :* '''zoynuxyea''' = ''retributive'' :* '''zoynuxyefwa''' = ''repayable'' :* '''zoynuxyofwa''' = ''nonrefundable'' :* '''zoynuyafwa''' = ''reproducible'' :* '''zoynuyafwan''' = ''reproducibility'' :* '''zoynuyafway''' = ''reproducibly'' :* '''zoynyadpen''' = ''recession'' :* '''zoynyadpena''' = ''recessional'' :* '''zoynyexer''' = ''to restock'' :* '''zoynyifber''' = ''to rewire'' :* '''zoynyivxer''' = ''to restring'' :* '''zoynyixen''' = ''reordering'' :* '''zoynyixwa''' = ''reordered'' :* '''zoynyufxen''' = ''repackaging'' :* '''zoynyufxwa''' = ''repackaged'' :* '''zoynyuxun''' = ''reshipment'' :* '''zoyobdomemxen''' = ''recolonization'' :* '''zoyobdomemxer''' = ''to recolonize'' :* '''zoyobkofxen''' = ''relining'' :* '''zoyobkofxwa''' = ''relined'' :* '''zoyojbuen''' = ''leaseback'' :* '''zoyojdrafben''' = ''rescheduling'' :* '''zoyojdrafber''' = ''to reschedule'' :* '''zoyojdrafbwa''' = ''rescheduled'' :* '''zoyokvakuen''' = ''reinsurance'' :* '''zoyovden''' = ''acquittal, acquittance'' :* '''zoyovder''' = ''to acquit'' :* '''zoyovdut''' = ''acquitter'' :* '''zoyovdwa''' = ''acquitted'' :* '''zoyovdwat''' = ''person acquitted'' :* '''zoyovokuen''' = ''recompensation'' :* '''zoyovokuun''' = ''recompense'' :* '''zoyoxer''' = ''to reexperience'' :* '''zoyoxwa''' = ''reexperienced'' :* '''zoyoyebupen''' = ''reemergence'' :* '''zoyoyebuper''' = ''to reemerge'' :* '''zoyp''' = ''retreat, return, rollback, step back, turning back'' :* '''zoypaper''' = ''to fly back'' :* '''zoypas''' = ''backward motion, move backward, step back'' :* '''zoypasea''' = ''moving back, moving to the back, regressing'' :* '''zoypasen''' = ''moving back, regressing, regression, reversal'' :* '''zoypaser''' = ''to move back, to move backward, to regress, to reverse'' :* '''zoypasin''' = ''regressivism'' :* '''zoypasina''' = ''regressivistic'' :* '''zoypasinut''' = ''regressivist'' :* '''zoypasya''' = ''regressed'' :* '''zoypasyea''' = ''regressive'' :* '''zoypaxer''' = ''to move back, to move backward'' :* '''zoypaxuwa''' = ''remobilized'' :* '''zoypea''' = ''recessive, regressive, retrograde, returning, reverting'' :* '''zoypen nod''' = ''turning point'' :* '''zoypen''' = ''recession, regression, retreat, retreating, retrogression, reversal, reversion, reverting'' :* '''zoypensinen''' = ''retracing'' :* '''zoypensiner''' = ''to retrace'' :* '''zoypensinwa''' = ''retraced'' :* '''zoyper ijnod''' = ''to go back to square one'' :* '''zoyper''' = ''to go back, to recede, to recess, to regress, to retreat, to retrogress, to return, to reverse, to revert'' :* '''zoypien''' = ''retirement'' :* '''zoypier''' = ''to leave again, to part again, to retire, to withdraw'' :* '''zoypiya''' = ''retired'' :* '''zoypiyat''' = ''retiree'' :* '''zoypnad''' = ''line of retreat'' :* '''zoypnax''' = ''return fare'' :* '''zoypoosen''' = ''reconcilement'' :* '''zoypooxyafwa''' = ''reconcilable'' :* '''zoypop drurunes''' = ''return ticket'' :* '''zoypop''' = ''return trip'' :* '''zoypuiser''' = ''to spring back, to springing back'' :* '''zoypus''' = ''rebound'' :* '''zoypusen''' = ''jumping back, rebounding'' :* '''zoypuser''' = ''to bounce back, to jump back, to rebound'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyput -- zoysinen = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyput''' = ''returnee'' :* '''zoypux''' = ''jet, repulsion, thrust'' :* '''zoypuxen''' = ''recasting, rejection, repulsion'' :* '''zoypuxer''' = ''to jettison, to recast, to reject, to repel, to throw back'' :* '''zoypuysen''' = ''recoiling'' :* '''zoypuyser''' = ''to hop back, to rebound, to recoil, to snap back'' :* '''zoypuysya''' = ''recoiled'' :* '''zoypuysyafan''' = ''resiliency'' :* '''zoypuysyafwa''' = ''resilient'' :* '''zoypuysyafwan''' = ''resilience'' :* '''zoypuysyafway''' = ''resiliently'' :* '''zoypuysyea''' = ''elastic'' :* '''zoypuyxer''' = ''to dribble, to toss back'' :* '''zoypya''' = ''receded, regressed, retired, withdrawn'' :* '''zoypyafxen''' = ''readying again'' :* '''zoypyafxer''' = ''to ready again'' :* '''zoypyaos''' = ''bounce-back'' :* '''zoypyaosen''' = ''bouncing back'' :* '''zoypyaoser''' = ''to bounce back'' :* '''zoypyas''' = ''rebound'' :* '''zoypyasea''' = ''rebounding'' :* '''zoypyasen''' = ''jumping back, rebounding'' :* '''zoypyaser''' = ''to jump back, to rebound'' :* '''zoypyax''' = ''headspring'' :* '''zoypyaxen''' = ''jumping up-and-down, skipping'' :* '''zoypyaxer''' = ''to hop, to jump around, to relaunch, to skip'' :* '''zoypyea''' = ''recessive, regressive, retrogressive'' :* '''zoypyex''' = ''kickback'' :* '''zoypyexlapyexwa''' = ''beaten back'' :* '''zoypyexlen''' = ''beating back'' :* '''zoypyosea''' = ''falling back, falling back down, relapsing, subsiding, tumbling back'' :* '''zoypyosen''' = ''recidivation, relapse, relapsing, subsiding'' :* '''zoypyoser''' = ''to fall back, to fall back down, to relapse, to subside, to tumble back'' :* '''zoypyosut''' = ''recidivist'' :* '''zoypyosyean''' = ''recidivism'' :* '''zoysagben''' = ''renumbering'' :* '''zoysagber''' = ''to renumber'' :* '''zoysagziuner''' = ''to redial'' :* '''zoysandrawa''' = ''reformulated'' :* '''zoysandren''' = ''reformulating, reformulation'' :* '''zoysansea''' = ''regressive'' :* '''zoysansen''' = ''regression'' :* '''zoysansya''' = ''regressed'' :* '''zoysanxwa''' = ''developed, modified, morphed, reformed, transformed'' :* '''zoysanxyafwa''' = ''modifiable, mutable, reformable, transformable'' :* '''zoysanxyafwan''' = ''modifiability, mutability, reformability, transformability'' :* '''zoysanxyafway''' = ''modifiably, transformably'' :* '''zoysanxyea''' = ''reformative, transformative'' :* '''zoysanxyof''' = ''immutability, unmodifiability, untransformability'' :* '''zoysanxyofwa''' = ''immutable, inalterable, unmodifiable, untransformable'' :* '''zoysanxyofwan''' = ''immutability, inalterability, untransformability'' :* '''zoysanxyofway''' = ''immutably, inalterably, unmodifiably, untransformably'' :* '''zoysanyan''' = ''hodgepodge, potpourri'' :* '''zoysanyanxea''' = ''reconfiguring'' :* '''zoysanyanxen''' = ''reconfiguration, reconfiguring'' :* '''zoysanyanxut''' = ''reconfigurer'' :* '''zoysanyanxwa''' = ''reconfigured'' :* '''zoysanyanxyafwa''' = ''reconfigurable'' :* '''zoysauabwa''' = ''reclassified'' :* '''zoysaunxen''' = ''reclassification, reclassifying'' :* '''zoyseusen''' = ''reverberation'' :* '''zoyseux''' = ''echo, repercussion, reverberation'' :* '''zoyseuxen''' = ''repercussion'' :* '''zoyseuxim''' = ''echo chamber'' :* '''zoyseuxnuea''' = ''echogenic'' :* '''zoyseuzea''' = ''resonant'' :* '''zoyseuzeay''' = ''resonantly'' :* '''zoyseuzen''' = ''resonance'' :* '''zoyseuzer''' = ''to resonate'' :* '''zoyseuzkaxar''' = ''sonar'' :* '''zoysexen''' = ''anabolism, reconstructing, reconstruction'' :* '''zoysexena''' = ''anabolic'' :* '''zoysexwa''' = ''reconstructed'' :* '''zoysexyenxen''' = ''restructuring'' :* '''zoysexyenxwa''' = ''restructured'' :* '''zoysin''' = ''mirror image, reflection'' :* '''zoysinar''' = ''mirror, reflector'' :* '''zoysindruren''' = ''reprography'' :* '''zoysinea''' = ''reflective'' :* '''zoysinen''' = ''mirroring, reflection'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoysiner -- zoyteexer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoysiner''' = ''to mirror, to reflect'' :* '''zoysinua''' = ''redisplayed'' :* '''zoysinuen''' = ''redisplaying'' :* '''zoysinwa''' = ''mirrored, reflected'' :* '''zoysinyea''' = ''reflective'' :* '''zoysinyean''' = ''reflectivity'' :* '''zoysinyeay''' = ''reflectively'' :* '''zoysiun''' = ''feedback'' :* '''zoysizwa''' = ''repainted'' :* '''zoysomxen''' = ''revamping'' :* '''zoysomxer''' = ''to revamp'' :* '''zoysomxwa''' = ''revamped'' :* '''zoysyaagen''' = ''recalculating, recomputing'' :* '''zoysyaagun''' = ''recalculation'' :* '''zoysyaagwa''' = ''recalculated, recomputed'' :* '''zoysyag''' = ''recount'' :* '''zoysyagen''' = ''recounting'' :* '''zoysyagnasxyofwa''' = ''irredeemable'' :* '''zoysyagwam''' = ''recounted'' :* '''zoysyemben''' = ''reinstallation'' :* '''zoysyemxea''' = ''reestablishing'' :* '''zoysyemxen''' = ''reestablishing, reestablishment, restoration, restoring'' :* '''zoysyemxer donap''' = ''to restore public order'' :* '''zoysyemxut''' = ''restorer'' :* '''zoysyemxwa''' = ''reestablished, restored'' :* '''zoysyemxyea''' = ''restorative'' :* '''zoysyin''' = ''motif'' :* '''zoytaamuer''' = ''to rehouse'' :* '''zoytadien''' = ''remarriage'' :* '''zoytadier''' = ''to get remarried, to marry again, to remarry, to rewed'' :* '''zoytadsen''' = ''remarriage'' :* '''zoytadser''' = ''to remarry'' :* '''zoytadxwa''' = ''remarried'' :* '''zoytaj''' = ''rebirth, renaissance, renascence'' :* '''zoytaja''' = ''born again'' :* '''zoytajat''' = ''born-again'' :* '''zoytajbwa''' = ''born again, reborn'' :* '''zoytajea''' = ''renascent'' :* '''zoytajen''' = ''rebirth, renaissance'' :* '''zoytajer''' = ''to be born again'' :* '''zoytalob''' = ''vein'' :* '''zoytaloba''' = ''veinous'' :* '''zoytalobaya''' = ''veiny'' :* '''zoytalobgoblen''' = ''venesection'' :* '''zoytalobika''' = ''veiny, venose'' :* '''zoytalobikan''' = ''veininess'' :* '''zoytalobog''' = ''veinlet, veinule, venule'' :* '''zoytambien''' = ''resettlement, resettling'' :* '''zoytambier''' = ''to resettle'' :* '''zoytambiwa''' = ''resettled'' :* '''zoytambuen''' = ''resettlement, resettling'' :* '''zoytambuwa''' = ''resettled'' :* '''zoytamp''' = ''homecoming'' :* '''zoytampen''' = ''homecoming, returning home'' :* '''zoytamper''' = ''to go back home, to resettle, to return home'' :* '''zoytamput''' = ''returnee'' :* '''zoytaobser''' = ''to become flesh again'' :* '''zoytaobxen''' = ''reincarnation'' :* '''zoytaobxer''' = ''to reincarnate'' :* '''zoytaobxwa''' = ''made flesh again, reincarnated'' :* '''zoytaxen''' = ''recalling'' :* '''zoytaxuus''' = ''throwback'' :* '''zoytaxuut''' = ''throwback'' :* '''zoytaxwa''' = ''recalled'' :* '''zoytayoxen''' = ''touching up'' :* '''zoytayoxwa''' = ''touched up'' :* '''zoyteas sinzyef''' = ''rear-view mirror'' :* '''zoyteasa''' = ''reappeared'' :* '''zoyteasea''' = ''reappearing'' :* '''zoyteasen''' = ''reappearance, reappearing'' :* '''zoyteax''' = ''review'' :* '''zoyteaxen''' = ''looking back, reflected, reviewing'' :* '''zoyteaxer''' = ''to look back, to reflect, to review'' :* '''zoyteaxut''' = ''reviewer'' :* '''zoyteaxwa''' = ''reflected, reviewed'' :* '''zoyteazexwa''' = ''refocused'' :* '''zoytebsinea''' = ''facing backwards'' :* '''zoytebsinen''' = ''facing backwards'' :* '''zoytebsiner''' = ''to face backwards'' :* '''zoyteexer''' = ''to listen to again, to run over'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoytejaxea -- zoytulxwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoytejaxea''' = ''reviving'' :* '''zoytejaxen''' = ''revitalization, revivification, reviving'' :* '''zoytejaxwa''' = ''revitalized'' :* '''zoytejben''' = ''bringing back to life, resurrecting, resurrection, resuscitation, revival'' :* '''zoytejber''' = ''to bring back to life, to resurrect, to resuscitate, to revive'' :* '''zoytejbin''' = ''revivalism'' :* '''zoytejbina''' = ''revivalist'' :* '''zoytejbinut''' = ''revivalist'' :* '''zoytejbut''' = ''reviver'' :* '''zoytejbwa''' = ''brought back to life, resurrected, resuscitated, revived'' :* '''zoytejen''' = ''reliving'' :* '''zoytejer''' = ''to experience, to relive'' :* '''zoytejpea''' = ''recrudescent'' :* '''zoytejpen''' = ''coming back to life, recrudescence, resurrection'' :* '''Zoytejpen''' = ''Easter'' :* '''Zoytejpen Juyeb''' = ''Easter Sunday'' :* '''Zoytejpena''' = ''Easter-, Paschal'' :* '''zoytejpena''' = ''paschal'' :* '''zoytejper''' = ''to come back alive, to come back to life, to recrudesce, to resurrect, to revive'' :* '''zoytejpya''' = ''resurrected'' :* '''zoytejuen''' = ''reanimation'' :* '''zoytejupea''' = ''coming back to life'' :* '''zoytejuper''' = ''to come back to life'' :* '''zoytejuwa''' = ''reanimated'' :* '''zoytejyafwa''' = ''relivable'' :* '''zoytepiea''' = ''reconsidering'' :* '''zoytepien''' = ''reconsideration, reconsidering'' :* '''zoytepier''' = ''to reconsider'' :* '''zoytepiwa''' = ''reconsidered'' :* '''zoytepuen''' = ''harping'' :* '''zoytepuer''' = ''to harp on'' :* '''zoyteuz''' = ''echo'' :* '''zoyteuza''' = ''echoic'' :* '''zoyteuza emkaxen''' = ''echolocation'' :* '''zoyteuzen''' = ''echoing'' :* '''zoyteuzer''' = ''to echo, to reecho'' :* '''zoyteuzim''' = ''echo chamber'' :* '''zoyteuzuka''' = ''anechoic'' :* '''zoyteuzwa''' = ''echoed'' :* '''zoytex''' = ''reflection'' :* '''zoytexdea''' = ''redefining'' :* '''zoytexden''' = ''redefining'' :* '''zoytexdwa''' = ''redefined'' :* '''zoytexea''' = ''rethinking'' :* '''zoytexen''' = ''reflection, rethinking, stocktaking'' :* '''zoytexwa''' = ''reflected, rethought'' :* '''zoytijben''' = ''reawakening'' :* '''zoytijbwa''' = ''reawakened'' :* '''zoytijer''' = ''to wake up again'' :* '''zoytijupen''' = ''resurrection'' :* '''zoytisen''' = ''relearning'' :* '''zoytiswa''' = ''relearned'' :* '''zoytofaben''' = ''putting clothes back on, redressing'' :* '''zoytofaber''' = ''to get dressed again, to put clothes back on, to reclothe, to redress'' :* '''zoytofabwa''' = ''reclothed, redressed'' :* '''zoytofier''' = ''to get dressed again, to put clothes on again, to reclothe oneself'' :* '''zoytofuwa''' = ''dressed again'' :* '''zoytomsaxen''' = ''reconstructing, reconstruction'' :* '''zoytomsaxer''' = ''to reconstruct'' :* '''zoytomsaxwa''' = ''reconstructed'' :* '''zoytomxen''' = ''rebuilding, reconstructing, reconstruction'' :* '''zoytomxwa''' = ''rebuilt, reconstructed'' :* '''zoytozaker''' = ''to regain one's color'' :* '''zoytrawa''' = ''recognized'' :* '''zoytrawaxen''' = ''reacquaintance'' :* '''zoytrawaxer''' = ''to reacquaint'' :* '''zoytrawaxwa''' = ''reacquainted'' :* '''zoytrea''' = ''recognizing'' :* '''zoytren''' = ''recognition, recognizing'' :* '''zoytrer''' = ''to recognize'' :* '''zoytriyafwa''' = ''recognizable'' :* '''zoytriyafway''' = ''recognizably'' :* '''zoytruea''' = ''reintroducing'' :* '''zoytruen''' = ''reintroducing, reintroduction'' :* '''zoytruwa''' = ''reintroduced'' :* '''zoytryiafwan''' = ''recognizability'' :* '''zoytryofwa''' = ''unrecognizable'' :* '''zoytryofwan''' = ''unrecognizability'' :* '''zoytryofway''' = ''unrecognizably'' :* '''zoytulxwa''' = ''warmed over'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoytuun -- zoyvolzber = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoytuun''' = ''feedback'' :* '''zoytuuxen''' = ''reeducation'' :* '''zoytuuxer''' = ''to reeducate'' :* '''zoytyenien''' = ''retraining'' :* '''zoytyenuen''' = ''rehabilitation, retraining'' :* '''zoytyenuena''' = ''rehabilitative'' :* '''zoytyenuwa''' = ''retrained'' :* '''zoytyenuwat''' = ''retrainee'' :* '''zoytyodxwa''' = ''repopulated'' :* '''zoytyoyofxer''' = ''to resole'' :* '''zoyuba''' = ''last'' :* '''zoyubduea''' = ''recursing'' :* '''zoyubduen''' = ''recursion'' :* '''zoyubduwa''' = ''recursed'' :* '''zoyubduyea''' = ''recursive'' :* '''zoyubduyeay''' = ''recursively'' :* '''zoyubea''' = ''retransmitting'' :* '''zoyubelen''' = ''sending back'' :* '''zoyubeler''' = ''to send back'' :* '''zoyubelwa''' = ''sent back'' :* '''zoyuben''' = ''remand, retransmitting, returning, reverberation, sending back'' :* '''zoyuber kun bu kun''' = ''to reverberate'' :* '''zoyubwa''' = ''retransmitted, returned, sent back'' :* '''zoyuiben''' = ''retransmission'' :* '''zoyuinadxer''' = ''to requeue'' :* '''zoyujnadrawa''' = ''redefined'' :* '''zoyujnadrea''' = ''redefining'' :* '''zoyujnadren''' = ''redefining, redefinition'' :* '''zoyulzaser''' = ''to grow green again'' :* '''zoyup''' = ''comeback, return'' :* '''zoyupea''' = ''coming back, returning'' :* '''zoyupen''' = ''coming again, coming back, getting back, returning'' :* '''zoyuper''' = ''to come again, to come back, to get back, to return'' :* '''zoyuput''' = ''returnee'' :* '''zoyuvtos''' = ''regret, sorrow'' :* '''zoyuvtosden''' = ''expression of regret, expression of remorse, expression of sorrow'' :* '''zoyuvtosder''' = ''to express regret, to express remorse, to express sorrow'' :* '''zoyuvtosdres''' = ''note of apology'' :* '''zoyuvtosea''' = ''regretful, sorrowful'' :* '''zoyuvtoseay''' = ''regretfully, sorrowfully'' :* '''zoyuvtosen''' = ''feeling sorrow, regretting'' :* '''zoyuvtoser''' = ''to feel sorrow, to regret'' :* '''zoyuvtoswa''' = ''regretted'' :* '''zoyuvtosyafwa''' = ''regrettable'' :* '''zoyuvtosyafway''' = ''regrettably'' :* '''zoyux''' = ''backup'' :* '''zoyuxen''' = ''backing up'' :* '''zoyuxer''' = ''to back up'' :* '''zoyuxut''' = ''backup'' :* '''zoyuxwa''' = ''backed up'' :* '''zoyuzaxwa''' = ''bent backwards'' :* '''zoyuzben''' = ''reversal, reversion, reverting, turning back'' :* '''zoyuzbwa''' = ''reverted, turned back'' :* '''zoyuzpen''' = ''reverting, turnabout, turning back'' :* '''zoyuzyuben''' = ''rewinding'' :* '''zoyuzyuber''' = ''to roll back'' :* '''zoyuzyubwa''' = ''rewound, rolled back'' :* '''zoyvaaden''' = ''reaffirmation'' :* '''zoyvaader''' = ''to reaffirm'' :* '''zoyvadien''' = ''reclaiming, reclamation'' :* '''zoyvadiut''' = ''reclaimant, reclaimer'' :* '''zoyvadiwa''' = ''reclaimed'' :* '''zoyvadiyafwa''' = ''reclaimable'' :* '''zoyvaduden''' = ''reaffirmation'' :* '''zoyvaduder''' = ''to reaffirm'' :* '''zoyvakuen''' = ''reassurance'' :* '''zoyvakuyea''' = ''reassuring, reassuringly'' :* '''zoyvakxen''' = ''salvaging'' :* '''zoyvakxwa''' = ''salvaged'' :* '''zoyvakyujbyafwa''' = ''resealable'' :* '''zoyvayanabxen''' = ''retuning'' :* '''zoyveyovden''' = ''recrimination'' :* '''zoyveyovdyea''' = ''recriminatory'' :* '''zoyviben''' = ''redecoration'' :* '''zoyvibwa''' = ''redecorated'' :* '''zoyvladen''' = ''reassertion'' :* '''zoyvladwa''' = ''reasserted'' :* '''zoyvlataxyofwa''' = ''irrecoverable'' :* '''zoyvlataxyofway''' = ''irrecoverably'' :* '''zoyvolzber''' = ''to recolor'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyvolzilber -- zoyyefdyuun = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyvolzilber''' = ''to repaint'' :* '''zoyvolzilbwa''' = ''repainted'' :* '''zoyvyakyoxea''' = ''redefining'' :* '''zoyvyakyoxen''' = ''redefining, redefinition'' :* '''zoyvyakyoxwa''' = ''redefined'' :* '''zoyvyanabser''' = ''to get readjusted, to readjust'' :* '''zoyvyanabxer''' = ''to ha seuxnid retune the volume, to readjust, to recalibrate, to retool, to retune'' :* '''zoyvyatxen''' = ''readjusting, readjustment'' :* '''zoyvyatxwa''' = ''readjusted'' :* '''zoyvyegonuen''' = ''reapportionment'' :* '''zoyvyegonuwa''' = ''reapportioned'' :* '''zoyvyidxwa''' = ''cleared up again'' :* '''zoyxaler''' = ''to carry out again, to recommit'' :* '''zoyxena''' = ''revisionary'' :* '''zoyxin''' = ''revisionism'' :* '''zoyxina''' = ''revisionist'' :* '''zoyxinut''' = ''revisionist'' :* '''zoyxobser''' = ''to reorganize'' :* '''zoyxobxen''' = ''reorganization, reorganizing, shake-up, shakeup, shaking up'' :* '''zoyxobxer''' = ''to reorganize'' :* '''zoyxobxwa''' = ''reorganized'' :* '''zoyxut''' = ''reviser'' :* '''zoyxuwasiynen''' = ''redlining'' :* '''zoyxuwasiyner''' = ''to redline'' :* '''zoyxway''' = ''repeatedly'' :* '''zoyxwea''' = ''recurrent, recurring'' :* '''zoyxweay''' = ''recurrently'' :* '''zoyxwen''' = ''recurrence'' :* '''zoyxwer''' = ''to recur'' :* '''zoyxyafwa''' = ''repeatable'' :* '''zoyxyea''' = ''repetitive'' :* '''zoyxyean''' = ''repetitiousness, repetitiveness'' :* '''zoyxyeay''' = ''repetitiously, repetitively'' :* '''zoyyafuluen''' = ''refueling'' :* '''zoyyafuluer''' = ''to refuel'' :* '''zoyyafuluwa''' = ''refueled'' :* '''zoyyafxwa''' = ''reenabled'' :* '''zoyyalper''' = ''to reascend'' :* '''zoyyanaren''' = ''relinking'' :* '''zoyyanarer''' = ''to relink'' :* '''zoyyanber''' = ''to put back together, to reassemble, to recompose, to rejoin'' :* '''zoyyanbwa''' = ''put back together, reassembled, rejoined'' :* '''zoyyanifxen''' = ''reattachment'' :* '''zoyyanifxwa''' = ''reattached'' :* '''zoyyanjwobxen''' = ''resynchronization, resynchronizing'' :* '''zoyyanjwobxer''' = ''to resynchronize'' :* '''zoyyanjwobxwa''' = ''resynchronized'' :* '''zoyyankea''' = ''recombinant, recombining'' :* '''zoyyanken''' = ''recombination, recombining'' :* '''zoyyanker''' = ''to recombine'' :* '''zoyyankwa''' = ''recombined'' :* '''zoyyannas''' = ''refund'' :* '''zoyyannasbuen''' = ''refunding'' :* '''zoyyannasbuwa''' = ''refunded'' :* '''zoyyans''' = ''reunion'' :* '''zoyyansanxen''' = ''reconstitution'' :* '''zoyyansanxer''' = ''to reconstitute'' :* '''zoyyansanxwa''' = ''reconstituted'' :* '''zoyyansen''' = ''rejoining'' :* '''zoyyanser''' = ''to rejoin, to reunite'' :* '''zoyyantabxen''' = ''reincorporation'' :* '''zoyyanunxen''' = ''recompiling'' :* '''zoyyanunxwa''' = ''recompiled'' :* '''zoyyanuper''' = ''to reconvene'' :* '''zoyyanxen''' = ''rejoining'' :* '''zoyyanxer''' = ''to refract'' :* '''zoyyanxwa pyaon''' = ''refractive wave'' :* '''zoyyanxwa''' = ''refracted, rejoined'' :* '''zoyyanyeb''' = ''remix'' :* '''zoyyaovyek''' = ''retrial'' :* '''zoyyaovyeken''' = ''retrying'' :* '''zoyyapea''' = ''resurgent'' :* '''zoyyapen''' = ''resurgence'' :* '''zoyyapuyser''' = ''to hop up again'' :* '''zoyyebafxen''' = ''readmission'' :* '''zoyyebafxwa''' = ''readmitted'' :* '''zoyyeben''' = ''reinserting, reinsertion, reintroducing, reintroduction'' :* '''zoyyebwa''' = ''reinserted, reintroduced'' :* '''zoyyefdyuen''' = ''reassigning'' :* '''zoyyefdyuun''' = ''reassignment'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyyefdyuwa -- zoyzyabuen = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyyefdyuwa''' = ''reassigned'' :* '''zoyyekbiwa''' = ''reacquired'' :* '''zoyyeken''' = ''retrying'' :* '''zoyyemaber''' = ''to redeposit'' :* '''zoyyembea''' = ''replacing'' :* '''zoyyemben''' = ''reinstallation, replacement, replacing'' :* '''zoyyembuen''' = ''reappointment'' :* '''zoyyembwa''' = ''replaced'' :* '''zoyyembyafwa''' = ''replaceable'' :* '''zoyyembyafwan''' = ''replaceability'' :* '''zoyyembyofwa''' = ''irreplaceable'' :* '''zoyyembyofwan''' = ''irreplaceability'' :* '''zoyyep''' = ''reentry'' :* '''zoyyepea''' = ''reentering'' :* '''zoyyepen''' = ''reentering'' :* '''zoyyeper''' = ''to come back in, to reenter'' :* '''zoyyepusen''' = ''jumping back in'' :* '''zoyyepuser''' = ''to jump back in'' :* '''zoyyeput''' = ''reentrant'' :* '''zoyyepuxen''' = ''throwing back in'' :* '''zoyyepuxwa''' = ''thrown back in'' :* '''zoyyepya''' = ''reentered'' :* '''zoyyevan''' = ''revenge'' :* '''zoyyevaniea''' = ''avenging'' :* '''zoyyevanien''' = ''revenge, vengeance'' :* '''zoyyevanier''' = ''to avenge, to get even'' :* '''zoyyevaniut''' = ''avenger, revenger'' :* '''zoyyevaniwa''' = ''avenged, revenged'' :* '''zoyyevaniyea''' = ''revengeful, vengeful'' :* '''zoyyevaniyeay''' = ''revengefully, vengefully'' :* '''zoyyevanyek''' = ''rehearing'' :* '''zoyyevaxen''' = ''getting even'' :* '''zoyyevder''' = ''to rejudge'' :* '''zoyyevenien''' = ''avenging'' :* '''zoyyexen''' = ''reworking'' :* '''zoyyexer''' = ''to rework'' :* '''zoyyexnux''' = ''back pay'' :* '''zoyyexwa''' = ''reworked'' :* '''zoyyezber''' = ''to lay back'' :* '''zoyyiba''' = ''far back, way back'' :* '''zoyyignaser''' = ''to get rewound, to get wound up, to tighten up'' :* '''zoyyijben''' = ''reopening'' :* '''zoyyijbwa''' = ''reopened'' :* '''zoyyijer''' = ''to reopen'' :* '''zoyyijper''' = ''to come back open'' :* '''zoyyiper''' = ''to outdistance'' :* '''zoyyivdrafuer''' = ''to recharter'' :* '''zoyyixen''' = ''reusing'' :* '''zoyyixlawa''' = ''reemployed, rehired'' :* '''zoyyixlawat''' = ''rehiree'' :* '''zoyyixlen''' = ''reemployment, turnover'' :* '''zoyyixwas''' = ''trope'' :* '''zoyyixyafwa''' = ''reusable'' :* '''zoyyogdwa''' = ''recapitulated, summed up'' :* '''zoyyomxer''' = ''to refreeze'' :* '''zoyyonmulxwa''' = ''redissolved'' :* '''zoyyontixea''' = ''reanalyzing'' :* '''zoyyontixen''' = ''reanalyzing'' :* '''zoyyontixer''' = ''to reanalyze'' :* '''zoyyontixun''' = ''reanalysis'' :* '''zoyyonxen''' = ''refraction'' :* '''zoyyonzyaben''' = ''rediffusion'' :* '''zoyyovobyofwa''' = ''irredeemable'' :* '''zoyyovobyofway''' = ''irredeemably'' :* '''zoyyubteaxea''' = ''reexamining'' :* '''zoyyubteaxen''' = ''reexamination, reexamining'' :* '''zoyyubteaxwa''' = ''reexamined'' :* '''zoyyupen''' = ''rapprochement'' :* '''zoyyuzagxen''' = ''reflation'' :* '''zoyyuzagxer''' = ''to reflate'' :* '''zoyyuzben''' = ''recirculating'' :* '''zoyyuzbwa''' = ''recirculated'' :* '''zoyyuzpea''' = ''recirculating'' :* '''zoyyuzpen''' = ''recirculating'' :* '''zoyzeyper''' = ''to recross'' :* '''zoyzoyduzun''' = ''fugue'' :* '''zoyzyaben''' = ''backscattering'' :* '''zoyzyaber''' = ''to backscatter'' :* '''zoyzyabuea''' = ''redistributing'' :* '''zoyzyabuen''' = ''redistributing, redistribution'' </div>{{small/end}} = zoyzyabuer -- zuimernaday = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zoyzyabuer''' = ''to redistribute'' :* '''zoyzyabuwa''' = ''redistributed'' :* '''zoyzyabwa''' = ''backscattered'' :* '''zoyzyadelen''' = ''rebroadcasting'' :* '''zoyzyadeler''' = ''to rebroadcast'' :* '''zoyzyakexen''' = ''rescanning'' :* '''zoyzyauben''' = ''rebroadcasting, rediffusion'' :* '''zoyzyauber''' = ''to rebroadcast'' :* '''zoyzyegxar''' = ''reperforator'' :* '''zoyzyogobler''' = ''to rabbet'' :* '''zoyzyogoblun''' = ''rabbet'' :* '''zoyzyublen''' = ''backspin'' :* '''zoyzyubler''' = ''to backspin'' :* '''zoyzyugnedxer''' = ''to retread'' :* '''zoyzyupea''' = ''revolving'' :* '''zoyzyuper''' = ''to revolve'' :* '''zoyzyupyafwa''' = ''revolvable'' :* '''zoyzyus''' = ''recoil'' :* '''zoyzyusea''' = ''recoiling'' :* '''zoyzyuser''' = ''to recoil'' :* '''zoyzyuxen''' = ''nyemag recycling bin, recycling'' :* '''zoyzyuxer''' = ''to recycle'' :* '''zoyzyuxwa''' = ''recoiled, recycled'' :* '''zoyzyuxyafwa''' = ''recyclable'' :* '''zozyim''' = ''backplane'' :* '''zozyiun''' = ''backplate'' :* '''zozyuk buxlen''' = ''rear-wheel drive'' :* '''zozyukpen''' = ''wheelie, wheeling'' :* '''zu''' = ''at the left, the letter z, to the left of, z'' :* '''zu-''' = ''left-, west-'' :* '''zua izkusiyn''' = ''right bracket'' :* '''zua''' = ''left, sinistral'' :* '''zua mes ebdal''' = ''round table'' :* '''zua uzkusiyn''' = ''left parenthesis'' :* '''zu-a-jinak''' = ''rpm'' :* '''zuay''' = ''leftward'' :* '''zubaea''' = ''left-leaning'' :* '''zubaer''' = ''to lean left'' :* '''zuber''' = ''to position to the left, to set to the left'' :* '''zubixen''' = ''pulling to the left'' :* '''zubixer''' = ''to pull to the left'' :* '''zubixwa''' = ''drawn to the left, pulled to the left'' :* '''zubwa''' = ''positioned to the left, set to the left'' :* '''zubyaea''' = ''left-leaning'' :* '''zubyember''' = ''to position to the left'' :* '''zubyembwa''' = ''positioned to the left'' :* '''zuekem''' = ''left field'' :* '''Zuhad''' = ''Zhuang'' :* '''Zuhadaler''' = ''to speak Zhuang'' :* '''Zuhadalut''' = ''Zhuang speaker'' :* '''Zuhader''' = ''to say in Zhuang'' :* '''zui-''' = ''left-and-right, zigzag'' :* '''zuibasen''' = ''swaying, wriggling'' :* '''zuibaser''' = ''to sway, to wriggle'' :* '''zuibasut''' = ''wriggler'' :* '''zuibasyea''' = ''swaying, wriggly'' :* '''zuibaxea''' = ''waving'' :* '''zuibaxen''' = ''waving'' :* '''zuibaxer ha doof''' = ''to wave the flag'' :* '''zuibuxen''' = ''bullying, pushing around'' :* '''zuibuxer''' = ''to push around'' :* '''zuibuxler''' = ''to bully'' :* '''zuibuxlut''' = ''bully'' :* '''zuibuxwa''' = ''bullied, pushed around'' :* '''zuibyosea''' = ''dangling'' :* '''zuibyoser''' = ''to dangle'' :* '''zuibyoxen''' = ''dangling'' :* '''zuibyoxer''' = ''to dangle'' :* '''zuibyoxwa''' = ''dangled'' :* '''zuidun''' = ''palindrome'' :* '''zuiduna''' = ''palindromic'' :* '''zuigper''' = ''to run left'' :* '''zuikin''' = ''zigzag'' :* '''zuikina novib''' = ''rickrack'' :* '''zuikina''' = ''zigzagged'' :* '''zuimera''' = ''east-west'' :* '''zuimeray''' = ''in an east-west direction'' :* '''zuimernad''' = ''latitude'' :* '''zuimernada''' = ''latitudinal'' :* '''zuimernaday''' = ''latitudinally'' </div>{{small/end}} = zuina -- zuomermap = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zuina''' = ''bolshy'' :* '''zuinat''' = ''bolshy'' :* '''zuip''' = ''waver'' :* '''zuipaper''' = ''to waffle'' :* '''zuipaslea''' = ''wobbling'' :* '''zuipaslen''' = ''wobbling'' :* '''zuipasler''' = ''to wobble'' :* '''zuipea''' = ''wavering, zigzag'' :* '''zuipeay''' = ''waveringly'' :* '''zuipen''' = ''wavering, zigzagging'' :* '''zuiper''' = ''to go right and left, to waver, to zigzag'' :* '''zuipuyxen''' = ''tossing left and right'' :* '''zuipuyxer''' = ''to toss left and right'' :* '''zuipuyxwa''' = ''tossed left and right'' :* '''zuittaf''' = ''zoot suit'' :* '''zuituyaba''' = ''ambidextrous'' :* '''zuituyub''' = ''right hand ring finger'' :* '''zuiuzben''' = ''panning'' :* '''zuiuzber''' = ''to pan'' :* '''zuiyafa''' = ''ambidextrous'' :* '''zuiyafan''' = ''ambidexterity'' :* '''zuiyafay''' = ''ambidextrously'' :* '''zuka''' = ''left-handed, lumpish'' :* '''zukan''' = ''left-handedness'' :* '''zukat''' = ''leftie, lefty'' :* '''zukim''' = ''left bend'' :* '''zukina aybsiyn''' = ''acute accent'' :* '''zukina''' = ''left-slanted'' :* '''zukinxwa''' = ''sloped to the left'' :* '''zukum''' = ''left side'' :* '''zukun''' = ''larboard, left side'' :* '''zukuna''' = ''sinister'' :* '''zukyap''' = ''shift to the left'' :* '''Zulid''' = ''Zulu'' :* '''Zulidaler''' = ''to speak Zulu'' :* '''Zulidalut''' = ''Zulu speaker'' :* '''Zulider''' = ''to say in Zulu'' :* '''Zumer''' = ''to Occident, to West'' :* '''Zumera Katolika''' = ''Roman Catholic'' :* '''Zumera Katolikab''' = ''papacy in Rome'' :* '''Zumera Katolikat''' = ''Roman Catholic'' :* '''Zumera Katolikeba''' = ''papal'' :* '''Zumera Katolikeban''' = ''papacy'' :* '''Zumera Katolikindab''' = ''Roman Catholic See, Vatican'' :* '''Zumera Katolikindeb''' = ''Pope, pope'' :* '''zumera''' = ''occidental, west, westerly, western'' :* '''Zumera Uyanmel''' = ''Western Europe'' :* '''Zumera Uyanmela''' = ''Western European'' :* '''Zumera Virginya''' = ''West Virginia'' :* '''zumerat''' = ''occidental, westerner'' :* '''zumeraxen''' = ''westernization'' :* '''zumeraxer''' = ''to westernize'' :* '''zumeray''' = ''westward'' :* '''zumerbyia''' = ''coming from the west-originating'' :* '''zumerbyua''' = ''west-bound, westbound, westward'' :* '''zumerem''' = ''western region'' :* '''Zumergon''' = ''Occident'' :* '''Zumergona''' = ''Occidental'' :* '''Zumergonat''' = ''Occidental'' :* '''Zumeryena''' = ''Western'' :* '''Zumibam''' = ''Zambia'' :* '''Zumibama''' = ''Zambian'' :* '''Zumibamat''' = ''Zambian, inhabitant of Zambia'' :* '''Zumiwun''' = ''Zambian kwacha'' :* '''zumules''' = ''z boson'' :* '''zunaed''' = ''left lane'' :* '''zunilk''' = ''Zn, zinc'' :* '''zunilka''' = ''made of zinc'' :* '''zunilkben''' = ''coating with zinc'' :* '''zunilkber''' = ''to coat with zinc, to galvanize'' :* '''zunilkbwa''' = ''galvanized, zinc-coated'' :* '''zunilkdrirun''' = ''zincotype'' :* '''zunilkmef''' = ''spelter'' :* '''zunilktuzun''' = ''spelter'' :* '''zunilkzyindruren''' = ''zincography'' :* '''zunilkzyindrurun''' = ''zincograph'' :* '''zuomer''' = ''to south-west, to southwest'' :* '''zuomera''' = ''south-west, south-western, southwest, southwestern'' :* '''zuomeray''' = ''southwesterly'' :* '''zuomermap''' = ''southwester'' </div>{{small/end}} = zup -- zyabuea = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zup''' = ''left turn'' :* '''zupat''' = ''starling'' :* '''zuper''' = ''to go left, to take a left, to turn left'' :* '''zupurexen''' = ''driving on the right'' :* '''zupurexer''' = ''to drive on the right'' :* '''zupuyser''' = ''to hop left'' :* '''zurolk''' = ''Zr, zirconium'' :* '''zusoki''' = ''sonar'' :* '''zusonak''' = ''zs'' :* '''zut''' = ''lout, schlemiel, stumblebum'' :* '''zuta''' = ''awkward, butterfingered, clunky, footless, gauche, gawky, hipshot, inept, inexpert, uncouth'' :* '''zuta kexen''' = ''fumbling'' :* '''zuta kexut''' = ''fumbler'' :* '''zuta toybwet''' = ''hobbledehoy'' :* '''zuta tyoyaxen''' = ''fumbling'' :* '''zuta tyoyaxut''' = ''fumbler'' :* '''zutaa''' = ''maladroit, stilted'' :* '''zutaay''' = ''maladroitly, stiltedly'' :* '''zutan''' = ''awkwardness, gaucheness, gaucherie, gawkiness, ineptitude, ineptness, maladroitness, uncouthness'' :* '''zutat''' = ''awkward person, chucklehead'' :* '''zutay''' = ''gauchely, gawkily, ineptly, inexpertly, uncouthly'' :* '''zutayzuz''' = ''awkwardly'' :* '''zuteaxea''' = ''facing left'' :* '''zuteaxer''' = ''to face left, to look left'' :* '''zutin''' = ''leftism'' :* '''zutina''' = ''leftist'' :* '''zutinut''' = ''leftist'' :* '''zutuyaba''' = ''left-handed'' :* '''zutuyaban''' = ''left-handed'' :* '''zutuyabat''' = ''southpaw'' :* '''zutyena''' = ''loutish'' :* '''zuuper''' = ''to come to the left'' :* '''zuuzpea''' = ''left-turning, levorotatory'' :* '''zuuzpen''' = ''curving to the left, turning left, veering left'' :* '''zuuzper''' = ''to curve to the left, to turn left, to veer left'' :* '''zuvob''' = ''rosemary'' :* '''zuvol''' = ''chicory'' :* '''Zuwem''' = ''Zimbabwe'' :* '''Zuwema''' = ''Zimbabwean'' :* '''Zuwemat''' = ''Zimbabwean, inhabitant of Zimbabwe'' :* '''zuyudrawa''' = ''graphed'' :* '''zuyudren''' = ''graphine'' :* '''zuzyalper''' = ''to shinny'' :* '''zya''' = ''all about, overall, throughout, widely'' :* '''zya ha doeb''' = ''statewide'' :* '''zya-''' = ''-wide-'' :* '''zya yuz''' = ''all around'' :* '''zyaa''' = ''broad, wide, widespread'' :* '''zyaa gun''' = ''obtuse angle, wide angle'' :* '''zyaa mays''' = ''wide screen'' :* '''zyaa yijteuzun''' = ''open vowel'' :* '''zyaan''' = ''amplitude, breadth, broadness, extensiveness, extent, latitude, wideness, width'' :* '''zyaan nagonxen''' = ''amplitude modulation'' :* '''zyaanay''' = ''breadthwise'' :* '''zyaaser''' = ''to broaden, to distend, to widen'' :* '''zyaaxen''' = ''broadening, distension, distention, widening'' :* '''zyaaxer''' = ''to broaden, to distend, to widen'' :* '''zyaay bolwa pan''' = ''bandwagon'' :* '''zyaay''' = ''broadly, extensively, widely'' :* '''zyab''' = ''spread'' :* '''zyabar''' = ''spatula'' :* '''zyabelen''' = ''broadcasting, propagating, propagation'' :* '''zyabeler''' = ''to broadcast, to propagate'' :* '''zyabelun''' = ''broadcast'' :* '''zyabelwa''' = ''broadcast, propagated'' :* '''zyaben''' = ''broadcasting, deployment, diffusion, dispelling, fanning out, propagating, propagation, spreading, strewing'' :* '''zyaber ha fyadin''' = ''to spread the gospel'' :* '''zyaber''' = ''to deploy, to diffuse, to dispel, to splay, to spread, to spread out, to strew'' :* '''zyaber vyodin''' = ''to spread a false story'' :* '''zyaber yuf''' = ''to spread fear'' :* '''zyabix''' = ''strain'' :* '''zyabixar''' = ''chain-adjuster, extensible strap, runner, wire-strainer'' :* '''zyabixen''' = ''extension, straining'' :* '''zyabixena''' = ''extensional'' :* '''zyabixer''' = ''to extend, to strain'' :* '''zyabixwa''' = ''extended, strained'' :* '''zyablokuus''' = ''scourge'' :* '''zyabuam''' = ''dispensary'' :* '''zyabuar''' = ''dispenser, distributor'' :* '''zyabuea''' = ''distributary'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyabuen -- zyag = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyabuen''' = ''dispensing, distributing, distribution, dole, doling out, issuance, issuing, meting'' :* '''zyabuena''' = ''distributional'' :* '''zyabuer afdras''' = ''to dispense a license, issue a license, issue a permit'' :* '''zyabuer''' = ''to deal out, to dispense, to distribute, to dole out, to give out, to issue, to mete out'' :* '''zyabukuen''' = ''ravaging'' :* '''zyabukuer''' = ''to ravage'' :* '''zyabukuwa''' = ''ravaged'' :* '''zyabun''' = ''spread'' :* '''zyabus''' = ''spreader'' :* '''zyabut''' = ''spreader'' :* '''zyabuun''' = ''issuance, issue'' :* '''zyabuut''' = ''dispenser, distributor, issuer'' :* '''zyabuwa''' = ''dispensed, distributed, doled, given out, issued, meted out'' :* '''zyabuyea''' = ''distributive'' :* '''zyabuyean''' = ''distributivity'' :* '''zyabuyeay''' = ''distributively'' :* '''zyabwa''' = ''deployed, diffused, dispelled, dispersed, fanned out, propagated, rife, spread out, strewn, widespread'' :* '''zyabwan''' = ''rifeness'' :* '''zyabyafwa''' = ''spreadable'' :* '''zyad''' = ''announcement, broadcast'' :* '''zyadalen''' = ''preaching, propaganda'' :* '''zyadalen tin''' = ''preaching dogma'' :* '''zyadaler tin''' = ''to preach dogma'' :* '''zyadaler''' = ''to preach, to propagandize'' :* '''zyadalina''' = ''propagandistic'' :* '''zyadalseym''' = ''pulpit'' :* '''zyadalut bi tin''' = ''preacher of dogma'' :* '''zyadalut''' = ''preacher'' :* '''zyadalwa''' = ''preached'' :* '''zyadalwasyan''' = ''propaganda'' :* '''zyadel''' = ''broadcast'' :* '''zyadelen''' = ''broadcasting'' :* '''zyadeler''' = ''to broadcast'' :* '''zyadelun''' = ''broadcast'' :* '''zyadelut''' = ''broadcaster'' :* '''zyadelwa''' = ''broadcast'' :* '''zyaden''' = ''announcing, broadcasting, propagating, propagation, reporting'' :* '''zyader''' = ''to announce, to broadcast, to propagate, to report, to spread the word'' :* '''zyadid''' = ''survey'' :* '''zyadider''' = ''to survey'' :* '''zyadidut''' = ''surveyer'' :* '''zyadidwa''' = ''surveyed'' :* '''zyadin''' = ''broadcast, report'' :* '''zyadinuam''' = ''reporting station'' :* '''zyadinuen''' = ''reportage, reporting'' :* '''zyadinuena''' = ''reportorial'' :* '''zyadinuer''' = ''to report'' :* '''zyadinuut''' = ''reporter'' :* '''zyadinyan''' = ''reportage'' :* '''zyadodal''' = ''propaganda'' :* '''zyadodalen''' = ''propagandizing'' :* '''zyadodaler''' = ''to propagandize'' :* '''zyadodalut''' = ''propagandist'' :* '''zyadodalwa''' = ''propagandized'' :* '''zyadoiba''' = ''countywide'' :* '''zyadoma''' = ''citywide'' :* '''zyadomep''' = ''broadway'' :* '''zyadooba''' = ''nation-wide, nationwide'' :* '''zyadoobay''' = ''nation-wide, nationwide'' :* '''zyadrawa''' = ''posted'' :* '''zyadren''' = ''posting'' :* '''zyadrer''' = ''to post'' :* '''zyadrun''' = ''poster'' :* '''zyadrunben''' = ''posting'' :* '''zyadrunber''' = ''to post'' :* '''zyadrunbwa''' = ''posted'' :* '''zyadrunes''' = ''handout, leaflet, prospectus'' :* '''zyadrunxut''' = ''poster artist'' :* '''zyadrurun''' = ''poster'' :* '''zyadrurunes''' = ''handbill, handout, leaflet, prospectus'' :* '''zyadun''' = ''broadcast, report'' :* '''zyadut''' = ''announcer, broadcaster, propagator, reporter'' :* '''zyadwa''' = ''announced, broadcast, propagated, reported'' :* '''zyadyuen''' = ''eliciting'' :* '''zyafunap''' = ''riot'' :* '''zyafunaptof''' = ''riot gear'' :* '''zyafunapxen''' = ''rampaging, rioting'' :* '''zyafunapxer''' = ''to rampage, to riot'' :* '''zyafunapxut''' = ''rampager, rioter'' :* '''zyag''' = ''all about, all around, all over, along, swath, throughout'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyag ota tej -- zyailarzyeb = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyag ota tej''' = ''throughout ones life'' :* '''zyagazon''' = ''strain'' :* '''zyagben''' = ''extension, stretching'' :* '''zyagbena''' = ''extensional'' :* '''zyagber''' = ''to extend, to stretch'' :* '''zyagbwa''' = ''extended, stretched'' :* '''zyagbyafwa''' = ''extendable, stretchable'' :* '''zyagbyofwa''' = ''unextendable, unstretchable'' :* '''zyageler''' = ''to schmear'' :* '''zyagibar''' = ''glaive'' :* '''zyagina''' = ''dull, obtuse'' :* '''zyagina gun''' = ''obtuse angle'' :* '''zyaginan''' = ''dullness, obtusity'' :* '''zyaginay''' = ''obtusely'' :* '''zyaginser''' = ''to grow dull'' :* '''zyaginxen''' = ''dulling'' :* '''zyaginxer''' = ''to dull'' :* '''zyaginxwa''' = ''dulled'' :* '''zyaglasea''' = ''proliferating'' :* '''zyaglaser''' = ''to proliferate'' :* '''zyaglaxen''' = ''proliferation'' :* '''zyaglaxer''' = ''to proliferate'' :* '''zyaglaxwa''' = ''proliferated'' :* '''zyagmed''' = ''expanse'' :* '''zyagnad''' = ''radius, ray'' :* '''zyagoblar''' = ''machete'' :* '''zyagoblaren''' = ''wielding a machete'' :* '''zyagoblarer''' = ''to wield a machete'' :* '''zyagoblarut''' = ''machete user'' :* '''zyagobluer''' = ''to share'' :* '''zyagoflar''' = ''slashing implement'' :* '''zyagoflawa''' = ''gashed, lacerated, ripped wide open, slashed, torn wide open'' :* '''zyagoflen''' = ''gashing, laceration, ripping wide open, slashing'' :* '''zyagofler''' = ''to gash, to lacerate, to rip wide open, to slash, to tear wide open'' :* '''zyagoflun''' = ''gash, laceration, slash, wide open tear, wide rip, wide tear'' :* '''zyagoflut doaparut''' = ''slasher'' :* '''zyagol wide rip''' = ''gash'' :* '''zyagonbuer''' = ''to divvy up'' :* '''zyagonbuwa''' = ''divvied up'' :* '''zyagosben''' = ''sprinkling'' :* '''zyagosber fyamil ab''' = ''to sprinkle holy water on'' :* '''zyagosber''' = ''to besprinkle, to sprinkle'' :* '''zyagosbun''' = ''sprinkle'' :* '''zyagosbwa''' = ''besprinkled, sprinkled'' :* '''zyagpea''' = ''extensive'' :* '''zyagpen''' = ''extension, stretching'' :* '''zyagper''' = ''to extend, to stretch out'' :* '''zyagpyea''' = ''extensive, stretchy'' :* '''zyagpyean''' = ''extensiveness, stretchiness'' :* '''zyagpyeay''' = ''extensively'' :* '''zyagser''' = ''to stretch out'' :* '''zyagua''' = ''obtuse'' :* '''zyaguan''' = ''obtuseness'' :* '''zyaguay''' = ''obtusely'' :* '''zyagun''' = ''obtuse angle, span, wide angle'' :* '''zyaguna azon''' = ''blunt force'' :* '''zyaguna''' = ''divaricate, obtuse, wide-angle, wide-angled'' :* '''zyaguna kyazyef''' = ''wide-angle lens'' :* '''zyagunan''' = ''obtuseness'' :* '''zyagunser''' = ''to become obtuse, to grow blunt'' :* '''zyagwas''' = ''span'' :* '''zyagxea''' = ''stretching'' :* '''zyagxea taeb''' = ''tensor'' :* '''zyagxen''' = ''elongation, extension, stretching'' :* '''zyagxen siyn''' = ''stria'' :* '''zyagxen siyni''' = ''striae'' :* '''zyagxena''' = ''extensional'' :* '''zyagxengrun''' = ''tenterhook'' :* '''zyagxer''' = ''to elongate, to spread out, to stretch'' :* '''zyagxus''' = ''tensor'' :* '''zyagyel''' = ''schmear'' :* '''zyagzyus''' = ''ellipse'' :* '''zyaibwa''' = ''wi-fi'' :* '''zyaigper''' = ''to run about, to run around'' :* '''zyaija''' = ''wide-open'' :* '''zyaijan''' = ''wide-openness'' :* '''zyaijber''' = ''to open wide'' :* '''zyaijbwa''' = ''opened wide'' :* '''zyaijun''' = ''big gap, span, wide opening'' :* '''zyailarzyeb''' = ''beaker'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyailser -- zyanuxer = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyailser''' = ''to run'' :* '''zyailuer''' = ''to splurge'' :* '''zyaimipyoz''' = ''strath'' :* '''zyaimxer''' = ''to bedabble'' :* '''zyaivteub''' = ''beaming grin, wide grin'' :* '''zyaivteubea''' = ''beaming, grinning widely'' :* '''zyaivteuben''' = ''grinning widely'' :* '''zyaivteuber''' = ''to be all grins, to beam, to grin widely'' :* '''zyakaden''' = ''broadcasting, report, reportage'' :* '''zyakader''' = ''to report'' :* '''zyakadun''' = ''broadcast, report'' :* '''zyakadut''' = ''reporter'' :* '''zyakadwa''' = ''broadcasted'' :* '''zyakex''' = ''scan, scrutiny, wide search'' :* '''zyakexea''' = ''scrutinizing'' :* '''zyakexen''' = ''rummaging, scanning, scrutiny'' :* '''zyakexer''' = ''to rummage, to scan, to scrounge, to scrutinize, to search near and far, to search widely'' :* '''zyakexut''' = ''scanner, scrounger'' :* '''zyakexwa''' = ''rummaged, scanned, scrutinized'' :* '''zyakoden''' = ''rumor-mongering, rumoring'' :* '''zyakodut''' = ''rumormonger'' :* '''zyakuntef''' = ''wide-brimmed hat'' :* '''zyakyax''' = ''groundswell'' :* '''zyalosexea''' = ''devastating'' :* '''zyalosexeay''' = ''devastatingly'' :* '''zyalosexen''' = ''devastation'' :* '''zyalosexer''' = ''to devastate'' :* '''zyalosexut''' = ''devastator'' :* '''zyalosexwa''' = ''devastated'' :* '''zyam''' = ''expanse, span'' :* '''zyama''' = ''vast'' :* '''zyaman''' = ''vastness'' :* '''zyamay''' = ''vastly'' :* '''zyamem mag''' = ''brushfire'' :* '''zyamem''' = ''open land, open terrain, plain, prairie, range'' :* '''zyamem vakdibut''' = ''ranger'' :* '''zyamema''' = ''country-wide, countrywide'' :* '''zyamemut''' = ''ranger'' :* '''zyamera''' = ''global, planet-wide'' :* '''zyamiam''' = ''mere'' :* '''zyamira''' = ''global, world-wide, worldwide'' :* '''zyamira neaf''' = ''WWW, worldwide web'' :* '''zyamira pop''' = ''global trip, round-the-world trip'' :* '''zyamiran''' = ''globality'' :* '''zyamiray''' = ''globally'' :* '''zyamirin''' = ''globalism'' :* '''zyamirina''' = ''globalist'' :* '''zyamirinut''' = ''globalist'' :* '''zyamirput''' = ''globetrotter'' :* '''zyamirsea''' = ''globalizing'' :* '''zyamirser''' = ''to globalize'' :* '''zyamirxen''' = ''globalization'' :* '''zyamirxer''' = ''to globalize'' :* '''zyamirxwa''' = ''globalized'' :* '''zyamufyeg leovol''' = ''cannelloni'' :* '''zyamzyapyeay''' = ''pervasively'' :* '''zyan''' = ''extent, span, stretch'' :* '''zyanaapa''' = ''system-wide'' :* '''zyanabyan''' = ''panoply'' :* '''zyanabyana''' = ''wide-ranging'' :* '''zyanad''' = ''latitude'' :* '''zyanag''' = ''breadth, width'' :* '''zyanea''' = ''extending, stretching'' :* '''zyaned''' = ''area, expanse, span, stretch'' :* '''zyaneyef''' = ''broadband, wideband'' :* '''zyaneyef nyif''' = ''broadband cable'' :* '''zyanig''' = ''expanse, stretch'' :* '''zyaniga''' = ''expansive, extensive'' :* '''zyanigay''' = ''expansively, extensively'' :* '''zyanigxer''' = ''to space out'' :* '''zyanigxwa''' = ''broad-gauge, wide-spaced'' :* '''zyanmep''' = ''bridge, span'' :* '''zyanofir''' = ''broadloom'' :* '''zyanofirwa oybmasof''' = ''broadloom'' :* '''zyansea''' = ''extending, stretching'' :* '''zyanser''' = ''to extend, to stretch'' :* '''zyanux''' = ''disbursement'' :* '''zyanuxen''' = ''disbursal, disbursement, disbursing'' :* '''zyanuxer syagnas''' = ''to disburse cash'' :* '''zyanuxer''' = ''to disburse'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyanuxun -- zyateatuen = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyanuxun''' = ''disbursement'' :* '''zyanuxut''' = ''disburser'' :* '''zyanuxwa be syagnas''' = ''disbursed in cash'' :* '''zyanuxwa''' = ''disbursed'' :* '''zyanxea''' = ''spanning'' :* '''zyanxen''' = ''extension, stretching'' :* '''zyanxer''' = ''to extend, to span, to stretch'' :* '''zyanxut''' = ''spanner'' :* '''zyanxwa''' = ''extended, stretched'' :* '''zyaobasea''' = ''throbbing'' :* '''zyaobasen''' = ''throbbing'' :* '''zyaobaser''' = ''to throb'' :* '''zyaosen''' = ''swelling and shrinking, throbbing'' :* '''zyaoser''' = ''to swell and shrink, to throb'' :* '''zyap''' = ''circuit, mission, tour'' :* '''zyapaax''' = ''pandemonium'' :* '''zyapansin''' = ''cinerama'' :* '''zyapaper''' = ''to fly all over'' :* '''zyapaser''' = ''to move all about'' :* '''zyapat''' = ''ovenbird'' :* '''zyapaxer dopari''' = ''to run guns'' :* '''zyapea''' = ''arrant, drifting, roaming, spreading, traveling, wandering'' :* '''zyapen''' = ''going all about, roaming, spreading out, touring, traveling, wandering'' :* '''zyapepen''' = ''cruising'' :* '''zyapeper''' = ''to cruise'' :* '''zyaper gel mapxar''' = ''to fan out'' :* '''zyaper''' = ''to drift, to roam, to tour around, to travel, to wander'' :* '''zyapipen''' = ''cruising'' :* '''zyapiper''' = ''to cruise'' :* '''zyapop''' = ''excursion, tour'' :* '''zyapopdezen''' = ''barnstorming'' :* '''zyapopdezer''' = ''to barnstorm'' :* '''zyapopdezut''' = ''barnstormer'' :* '''zyapopea''' = ''itinerant, peregrine, touring around'' :* '''zyapopen''' = ''cruising, peregrination, roaming, touring around, tourism'' :* '''zyapoper''' = ''to cruise, to go all over, to peregrinate, to roam, to spread out, to tour, to travel about, to wander'' :* '''zyapopif''' = ''travel bug, wanderlust'' :* '''zyapopifut''' = ''travel-lover'' :* '''zyapopnam''' = ''tourist bureau'' :* '''zyapoput''' = ''cruiser, excursionist, peregrinator, roamer, tourist, wanderer'' :* '''zyapoputan''' = ''itinerancy'' :* '''zyapopyea''' = ''excursive'' :* '''zyapopyean''' = ''excursiveness'' :* '''zyapopyeay''' = ''excursively'' :* '''zyaput''' = ''drifter, nomad, roamer, tourist, traveler, wanderer'' :* '''zyaputin''' = ''nomadism'' :* '''zyapuxen''' = ''casting out, scattering'' :* '''zyapuxen fyus''' = ''littering'' :* '''zyapuxer fyus''' = ''to litter'' :* '''zyapuxer''' = ''to cast about, to scatter, to throw about'' :* '''zyapuxwa''' = ''scattered, thrown about'' :* '''zyapuyser''' = ''to hop all over'' :* '''zyapyoser''' = ''to befall'' :* '''zyapyoxwa''' = ''befallen'' :* '''zyapyuxlar''' = ''spray nozzle'' :* '''zyasagea''' = ''booming'' :* '''zyasaun''' = ''genre'' :* '''zyasauna''' = ''broadly-typed, general'' :* '''zyasauna zoyxelen''' = ''dress rehearsal'' :* '''zyasaunan''' = ''generality'' :* '''zyasaunay''' = ''generally'' :* '''zyasaundea''' = ''generalizing'' :* '''zyasaunden''' = ''expressing in broad terms, generalization, generalizing'' :* '''zyasaunder''' = ''to express in broad terms, to generalize'' :* '''zyasaundut''' = ''generalizer'' :* '''zyasaundwa''' = ''broadly speaking, expressed broadly, generalized'' :* '''zyasauninut''' = ''generalist'' :* '''zyasaunxen''' = ''generalization'' :* '''zyasaunxer''' = ''to generalize'' :* '''zyasaunxwa''' = ''generalized'' :* '''zyasea''' = ''amplifying, broadening, expanding, extending, swelling, widening'' :* '''zyaser''' = ''to amplify, to broaden, to expand, to extend, to get wider, to grow wide, to swell, to widen'' :* '''zyasim''' = ''armchair'' :* '''zyasyean''' = ''expansiveness'' :* '''zyasyeay''' = ''expansively'' :* '''zyateaba''' = ''wide-eyed'' :* '''zyateas''' = ''wide-angle view'' :* '''zyateasin''' = ''panorama'' :* '''zyateasina''' = ''panoramic'' :* '''zyateatuen''' = ''exhibiting, exhibition'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyateatuer -- zyaxoa puxrun = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyateatuer''' = ''to exhibit, to show widely'' :* '''zyateatuwa''' = ''exhibited'' :* '''zyateax''' = ''scan'' :* '''zyateaxar''' = ''monitor, scanner'' :* '''zyateaxem''' = ''range, scan zone, scanning area'' :* '''zyateaxen''' = ''scanning'' :* '''zyateaxer''' = ''to look all about, to monitor, to scan, to survey'' :* '''zyateaxuea''' = ''flaunting'' :* '''zyateaxueay''' = ''flauntingly'' :* '''zyateaxuen''' = ''flaunting'' :* '''zyateaxuer''' = ''to flaunt'' :* '''zyateaxuwa''' = ''flaunted'' :* '''zyateetuen''' = ''rumor-mongering, rumoring'' :* '''zyateetuer''' = ''to rumor'' :* '''zyateetuun''' = ''rumor'' :* '''zyateetuut''' = ''rumormonger'' :* '''zyateetuwa''' = ''rumored'' :* '''zyatepa''' = ''broad-minded, broadminded, expansive, mentally expansive, open-minded'' :* '''zyatepan''' = ''broad-mindedness, expansiveness'' :* '''zyatepat''' = ''broad-minded person, expansive person'' :* '''zyatepay''' = ''broad-mindedly, expansively'' :* '''zyateuba ilyebag''' = ''ewer'' :* '''zyateuba''' = ''widemouthed'' :* '''zyateyof''' = ''cravat'' :* '''zyatibsen''' = ''stretching'' :* '''zyatibser''' = ''to stretch'' :* '''zyatojben''' = ''carnage'' :* '''zyatrawa dyanes''' = ''catch-phrase, catchphrase'' :* '''zyatrawa''' = ''famed, famous, widely known'' :* '''zyatrawan''' = ''fame, reputation'' :* '''zyatrawat''' = ''famous person'' :* '''zyatraway''' = ''famously'' :* '''zyatruen''' = ''publicity, publicizing'' :* '''zyatruer''' = ''to publicize'' :* '''zyatruwa''' = ''publicized'' :* '''zyatuaba''' = ''broad-shouldered'' :* '''zyatuen''' = ''notification, propagating, propagation'' :* '''zyatuer''' = ''to propagate'' :* '''zyatuun''' = ''broadcast, bulletin, notice, publicity'' :* '''zyatuut''' = ''propagator'' :* '''zyatuwa''' = ''broadcast, propagated, publicized'' :* '''zyatyobapea''' = ''astride, straddling'' :* '''zyatyobapen''' = ''straddling'' :* '''zyatyobaper''' = ''to straddle'' :* '''zyatyobaput''' = ''straddler'' :* '''zyatyop''' = ''walkabout'' :* '''zyatyopar''' = ''perambulator'' :* '''zyatyopbyaser''' = ''to stride'' :* '''zyatyopen''' = ''perambulation, striding, walking around'' :* '''zyatyoper''' = ''to perambulate, to walk about, to walk around'' :* '''zyatyoyabea''' = ''bestridden'' :* '''zyatyoyaber''' = ''to bestride'' :* '''zyatyuen''' = ''broadcasting, publicity, publicizing'' :* '''zyatyuer''' = ''to publicize'' :* '''zyaubam''' = ''broadcast studio'' :* '''zyaubar''' = ''broadcast medium'' :* '''zyaubea''' = ''broadcasting, diffusing, disseminating'' :* '''zyauben''' = ''broadcasting, diffusion, disseminating, dissemination'' :* '''zyauber''' = ''to broadcast, to diffuse, to disseminate'' :* '''zyaubun''' = ''broadcast, dissemination'' :* '''zyaubut''' = ''broadcaster, disseminator'' :* '''zyaubwa''' = ''broadcast, diffused, disseminated'' :* '''zyauzpen''' = ''straggling'' :* '''zyauzper''' = ''to straggle'' :* '''zyauzpyea''' = ''straggly'' :* '''zyavabiwa''' = ''mainstream, widely-accepted'' :* '''zyaveeben''' = ''dissemination, interspersing, interspersion, sowing, strewing'' :* '''zyaveeber''' = ''to disseminate, to intersperse, to sow, to strew'' :* '''zyaveebun''' = ''seeding, sowing'' :* '''zyaveebut''' = ''disseminator, sower, strewer'' :* '''zyaveebwa''' = ''disseminated, interspersed, sowed, strewn'' :* '''zyavol''' = ''watercress'' :* '''zyavyayaba''' = ''systemwide'' :* '''zyaxar''' = ''amplifier, dilator, speculum'' :* '''zyaxea''' = ''dilating, extensive'' :* '''zyaxen''' = ''amplification, broadening, dilatation, dilation, enlargement, expansion, extension, widening'' :* '''zyaxer''' = ''to amplify, to broaden, to dilate, to enlarge, to expand, to extend, to widen'' :* '''zyaxin''' = ''expansionism'' :* '''zyaxina''' = ''expansionist'' :* '''zyaxoa puxrun''' = ''dumdum'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyaxun -- zyefnak = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyaxun''' = ''aneurism, aneurysm'' :* '''zyaxus''' = ''widener'' :* '''zyaxwa''' = ''amplified, broadened, dilated, enlarged, expanded, extended, widened'' :* '''zyaxyafwa''' = ''expandable, expansibility, expansible'' :* '''zyaxyafwan''' = ''expandability'' :* '''zyaxyea''' = ''expansionary, expansive'' :* '''zyayij''' = ''chasm, wide gap, wide opening, yawn'' :* '''zyayija''' = ''agape, gaping, wide open, wide-open, yawning'' :* '''zyayija zyeg''' = ''gaping hole'' :* '''zyayijben''' = ''opening wide'' :* '''zyayijber''' = ''to gape, to open wide'' :* '''zyayijbwa''' = ''opened wide'' :* '''zyayijer''' = ''to open wide'' :* '''zyayonxer''' = ''to bestrew'' :* '''zyayonxwa''' = ''bestrewn'' :* '''zyayonxwas''' = ''colloid'' :* '''zyayonxwasa''' = ''colloidal'' :* '''zye ha joyobi''' = ''through the ages'' :* '''zye-''' = ''per-, thorough-, thru-, trans-'' :* '''zye''' = ''through'' :* '''zyeafen''' = ''letting through'' :* '''zyeafer''' = ''to let through'' :* '''zyeafwa''' = ''let through'' :* '''zyeaga''' = ''thick'' :* '''zyeagan''' = ''thickness'' :* '''zyeagay''' = ''thickly'' :* '''zyeagser''' = ''to get thick, to thicken'' :* '''zyeagxen''' = ''thickening'' :* '''zyeagxer''' = ''to thicken'' :* '''zyeagxwa''' = ''thickened'' :* '''zyeb belar''' = ''bottle carrier, wine rack'' :* '''zyeb bi vafil''' = ''bottle of wine'' :* '''zyeb''' = ''bulb, glass container, jar'' :* '''zyeb mimpur''' = ''ship in a bottle'' :* '''zyebag''' = ''amphora, glass jar'' :* '''zyebag bi mogi''' = ''urn of ashes'' :* '''zyebagi''' = ''amphorae'' :* '''zyebea''' = ''permeating'' :* '''zyebeler''' = ''to transport'' :* '''zyeben''' = ''passing through, permeation, putting through'' :* '''zyeber dovyabdras''' = ''to push through a bill'' :* '''zyeber''' = ''to pass through, to permeate, to put through, to run through'' :* '''zyebigan''' = ''throughput'' :* '''zyebixen''' = ''pulling through'' :* '''zyebixer''' = ''to pull through'' :* '''zyebixwa''' = ''pulled through'' :* '''zyebtop''' = ''djinn, genie in a bottle, jinn'' :* '''zyebuxea''' = ''penetrating'' :* '''zyebuxen''' = ''insertion, penetration, pushing through'' :* '''zyebuxer''' = ''to insert, to penetrate, to push through'' :* '''zyebuxmuf''' = ''ramrod'' :* '''zyebuxwa''' = ''inserted, penetrated, pushed through'' :* '''zyebuxyafwa''' = ''penetrable'' :* '''zyebuxyafwan''' = ''penetrability'' :* '''zyebuxyea''' = ''penetratingly'' :* '''zyebuyukwa''' = ''easily transmitted'' :* '''zyebwa''' = ''permeated, put through, transitioned'' :* '''zyebyobyaxek zyun''' = ''bowling ball'' :* '''zyebyobyaxeken''' = ''bowling'' :* '''zyebyobyaxeker''' = ''to bowl'' :* '''zyebyobyaxekut''' = ''bowler'' :* '''zyebyun''' = ''tenpin'' :* '''zyedomep''' = ''thoroughfare, thruway'' :* '''zyedreven''' = ''paginating, pagination, paging through'' :* '''zyedrever''' = ''to leaf through, to page through, to paginate'' :* '''zyef''' = ''glass pane of glass, lens'' :* '''zyef goblar''' = ''glass cutter'' :* '''zyef mas''' = ''glass wall'' :* '''zyef tam''' = ''glass house'' :* '''zyefagaxar''' = ''magnifying glass'' :* '''zyefben''' = ''glass installation'' :* '''zyefber''' = ''to install glass'' :* '''zyefbut''' = ''glass installer'' :* '''zyefbwa''' = ''glazed'' :* '''zyefgoblar''' = ''glass cutter'' :* '''zyefgoblen''' = ''glass cutting'' :* '''zyefgoyn''' = ''shard'' :* '''zyefmeav''' = ''glass ceramic'' :* '''zyefmes''' = ''French door'' :* '''zyefnak''' = ''diopter'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyefnid -- zyegren = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyefnid''' = ''prism'' :* '''zyefnida''' = ''prismatic'' :* '''zyefpyeux''' = ''clink'' :* '''zyefpyeuxen''' = ''clinking'' :* '''zyefpyeuxer''' = ''to clink'' :* '''zyefsam''' = ''vitrine'' :* '''zyefsana''' = ''vitriform'' :* '''zyefsaxem''' = ''glass factory'' :* '''zyefsaxen''' = ''glass-making'' :* '''zyefsaxer''' = ''to make glass'' :* '''zyefsaxut''' = ''glass-maker'' :* '''zyefyena''' = ''glassy, vitreous, vitric, vitriform'' :* '''zyefyenan''' = ''glassiness, vitreousness'' :* '''zyefyenem''' = ''glaziery'' :* '''zyefyenen''' = ''glazing, varnishing'' :* '''zyefyener''' = ''to glaze, to varnish'' :* '''zyefyenut''' = ''glazier'' :* '''zyefyenwa''' = ''glazed, varnished'' :* '''zyefyenxen''' = ''vitrifaction, vitrification'' :* '''zyefyenxer''' = ''to vitrify'' :* '''zyefyenxwa''' = ''vitrified'' :* '''zyefzyin''' = ''vitro'' :* '''zyeg''' = ''cavity, hole, hollow, orifice, pit, pore, puncture, shaft, socket'' :* '''zyeg izben''' = ''hole conduction'' :* '''zyega''' = ''hollow, pitted'' :* '''zyegagxar''' = ''reamer'' :* '''zyegagxen''' = ''reaming'' :* '''zyegagxut''' = ''reamer'' :* '''zyegagxwa''' = ''reamed'' :* '''zyegan''' = ''hollowness'' :* '''zyegar''' = ''perforator, pick, pickax, trapan, trepan, wimble'' :* '''zyegaren''' = ''picking'' :* '''zyegarer''' = ''to pick, to wimble'' :* '''zyegay''' = ''hollowly'' :* '''zyegaya''' = ''holey, porous, riddled with holes'' :* '''zyegbar''' = ''drill'' :* '''zyegbaren''' = ''drilling'' :* '''zyegbarer''' = ''to drill'' :* '''zyegbarwa''' = ''drilled'' :* '''zyegben''' = ''drilling, gouging, inoculation, perforating, perforation, piercing'' :* '''zyegber''' = ''to bore, to create a hole, to drill, to gouge, to inoculate, to perforate, to pierce, to put a hole through'' :* '''zyegbun''' = ''perforation'' :* '''zyegbwa''' = ''drilled, dug, gouged, inoculated, perforated, pierced'' :* '''zyegdraf''' = ''punch card'' :* '''zyegek''' = ''golf'' :* '''zyegek muf''' = ''golf club'' :* '''zyegek yuxut''' = ''caddie'' :* '''zyegek zyun''' = ''golf ball'' :* '''zyegekem''' = ''golf course'' :* '''zyegeken''' = ''golfing'' :* '''zyegeker''' = ''to golf'' :* '''zyegekut''' = ''golfer'' :* '''zyeges''' = ''cavity, dimple, follicle, pit, pore'' :* '''zyegesaya''' = ''dimpled, pitted, pored, porous'' :* '''zyegesayan''' = ''porousness'' :* '''zyegesika''' = ''dimpled, pitted, pored, porous'' :* '''zyegesikan''' = ''porousness'' :* '''zyegika''' = ''holey, porous, riddled with holes'' :* '''zyegikan''' = ''porosity'' :* '''zyeglar''' = ''spear'' :* '''zyeglaren''' = ''spearing'' :* '''zyeglarer''' = ''to spear'' :* '''zyeglargin''' = ''spearhead'' :* '''zyeglarut''' = ''spearer'' :* '''zyeglarwa''' = ''poked, speared'' :* '''zyeglawa''' = ''poked, speared'' :* '''zyeglen''' = ''piercing, poking, spearing'' :* '''zyegler''' = ''to pierce, to poke, to spear'' :* '''zyegneyef''' = ''paper tape, punched tape'' :* '''zyegoblar''' = ''dagger'' :* '''zyegoblawa''' = ''cut through'' :* '''zyegobler''' = ''to cut through'' :* '''zyegog''' = ''pinhole'' :* '''zyegogika''' = ''riddled with pinholes'' :* '''zyegol''' = ''cross section'' :* '''zyegovol''' = ''donut, dough nut, doughnut'' :* '''zyegpexar''' = ''riffle'' :* '''zyegrawa''' = ''bust, busted'' :* '''zyegrea''' = ''busting'' :* '''zyegren''' = ''busting'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyegrer -- zyepen = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyegrer''' = ''to bust'' :* '''zyegsiynika''' = ''pockmarked'' :* '''zyegsiynxer''' = ''to pockmark'' :* '''zyegsiynxwa''' = ''pockmarked'' :* '''zyegut''' = ''pitman'' :* '''zyegxar''' = ''hole-maker, puncturing device'' :* '''zyegxea pibar''' = ''spud'' :* '''zyegxen''' = ''broaching, hollowing out, puncturing'' :* '''zyegxenvaka''' = ''puncture-proof'' :* '''zyegxer''' = ''to broach, to hollow out, to puncture'' :* '''zyegxun''' = ''puncture'' :* '''zyegxunika''' = ''punctate'' :* '''zyegxwa''' = ''broached, hollow, hollowed out, punctured'' :* '''zyegxwas''' = ''puncture'' :* '''zyegxyofwa''' = ''puncture-proof'' :* '''zyegyaozgoblar''' = ''hole saw'' :* '''zyeiber''' = ''to take through'' :* '''zyeigper''' = ''to run through'' :* '''zyeilber''' = ''to soak'' :* '''zyeilbwer''' = ''to get soaked'' :* '''zyeilier''' = ''to get soaked'' :* '''zyeilpen''' = ''flowing through, seeping, soaking'' :* '''zyeilper''' = ''to flow through, to seep, to soak'' :* '''zyeilpya''' = ''seeped'' :* '''zyeiluer''' = ''to soak'' :* '''zyejoba''' = ''temporal, temporary'' :* '''zyejoban''' = ''temporality, temporariness'' :* '''zyejobay''' = ''temporally, temporarily'' :* '''zyek''' = ''pore'' :* '''zyekaya''' = ''porous'' :* '''zyekayan''' = ''porousness'' :* '''zyekexen''' = ''rummaging, sifting through'' :* '''zyekexer''' = ''to rummage, to sift through'' :* '''zyekexwa''' = ''rummaged, sifted through'' :* '''zyekixen''' = ''refraction'' :* '''zyekyuper''' = ''to slip through'' :* '''zyem''' = ''pass, through-point, through-way'' :* '''zyemana dref''' = ''tracing paper'' :* '''zyemana''' = ''translucid'' :* '''zyemanan''' = ''translucidity'' :* '''zyemansea''' = ''pellucid'' :* '''zyemanxea''' = ''diaphanous, translucent'' :* '''zyemanxen''' = ''translucence'' :* '''zyemep''' = ''channel, thoroughfare, through-way, thruway'' :* '''zyemuf''' = ''axis, axle, crossbar, pivot, shaft, spindle'' :* '''zyemufa''' = ''axial, pivotal'' :* '''zyemufay''' = ''axially'' :* '''zyemyuf''' = ''beam, crossbeam'' :* '''zyenad''' = ''diameter, perpendicular line'' :* '''zyenada''' = ''diametral, diametric, diametrical, perpendicular, transverse'' :* '''zyenada pyaon''' = ''transverse wave'' :* '''zyenadan''' = ''diametricality, perpendicularity'' :* '''zyenaday''' = ''diametrically, perpendicularly'' :* '''zyenadben''' = ''crossing out, putting a line through'' :* '''zyenadber''' = ''to cross out, to put a line through'' :* '''zyenadbwa''' = ''crossed out'' :* '''zyenadrawa''' = ''crossed through'' :* '''zyenadren''' = ''crossing through, drawing a line through'' :* '''zyenadrer''' = ''to cross through, to draw a line through'' :* '''zyenod''' = ''intersection, through-point'' :* '''zyenodxea''' = ''intersecting'' :* '''zyenodxen''' = ''intersection'' :* '''zyenodxer''' = ''to intersect'' :* '''zyenodxwa''' = ''intersected'' :* '''zyeoga''' = ''thin'' :* '''zyeogan''' = ''thinness'' :* '''zyeogay''' = ''thinly'' :* '''zyeogser''' = ''to get thin out'' :* '''zyeogxen''' = ''thinning'' :* '''zyeogxer''' = ''to thin'' :* '''zyeogxwa''' = ''thinned'' :* '''zyep gonem''' = ''transit area'' :* '''Zyep ofxwe.''' = ''No thoroughfare.'' :* '''zyep''' = ''transit'' :* '''zyepaper''' = ''to fly though, to fly through'' :* '''zyepat''' = ''snowbird'' :* '''zyepdud''' = ''watchword'' :* '''zyepea''' = ''penetrating'' :* '''zyepem''' = ''thoroughfare, through-point, transit point'' :* '''zyepen''' = ''crossing through, passing through, penetration, transition'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyepena -- zyevmaipxen = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyepena''' = ''transitional'' :* '''zyepenay''' = ''transitionally'' :* '''zyeper ota tep''' = ''to cross one's mind'' :* '''zyeper''' = ''to go through, to pass through, to penetrate, to permeate, to run through, to transit'' :* '''zyeplea''' = ''intruding, invading, penetrating'' :* '''zyeplen''' = ''intrusion, invasion, penetration'' :* '''zyepler''' = ''to break through, to intrude, to invade, to penetrate'' :* '''zyeplun''' = ''break-through, breakthrough, intrusion, invasion, penetration'' :* '''zyeplut''' = ''intruder, invader'' :* '''zyeplyea''' = ''intrusive, invasive'' :* '''zyeplyean''' = ''intrusiveness, invasiveness'' :* '''zyeplyeay''' = ''intrusively, invasively'' :* '''zyeplyofwa''' = ''impenetrable, invasion-proof'' :* '''zyepopen''' = ''peregrination'' :* '''zyepoper''' = ''to peregrinate'' :* '''zyepoput''' = ''peregrinator'' :* '''zyepusen''' = ''jumping through'' :* '''zyepuser''' = ''to jump through'' :* '''zyepusun''' = ''hoop'' :* '''zyepuyser''' = ''to hop through'' :* '''zyepyafwa''' = ''permeable'' :* '''zyepyafwan''' = ''permeability'' :* '''zyepyaser''' = ''to jump through'' :* '''zyepyea''' = ''penetratingly, transitive'' :* '''zyepyean''' = ''transitiveness, transitivity'' :* '''zyepyeay''' = ''transitively'' :* '''zyepyexar''' = ''rammer'' :* '''zyepyexen''' = ''ramming'' :* '''zyepyexer''' = ''to ram'' :* '''zyepyexwa''' = ''rammed'' :* '''zyepyofwa''' = ''impermeable'' :* '''zyepyofwan''' = ''impermeability'' :* '''zyepyoser''' = ''to collapse, to fall through'' :* '''zyepyoxnad''' = ''perpendicular'' :* '''zyepyoxnada''' = ''perpendicular'' :* '''zyesindrer''' = ''to draw a line through'' :* '''zyeteas''' = ''cutaway'' :* '''zyeteasa''' = ''limpid, lucent, transparent'' :* '''zyeteasan''' = ''limpidity, limpidness, transparency'' :* '''zyeteasay''' = ''limpidly, transparently'' :* '''zyeteata''' = ''sheer'' :* '''zyeteater''' = ''to see through'' :* '''zyeteatyafwa''' = ''hyaline, transparent'' :* '''zyeteatyafwan''' = ''transparence, transparency'' :* '''zyeteatyikwa''' = ''opaque'' :* '''zyeteatyikwan''' = ''opacity, opaqueness'' :* '''zyeteatyikway''' = ''opaquely'' :* '''zyeteatyofwa''' = ''non-see-through, nontransparent, opaque'' :* '''zyeteatyofwan''' = ''opacity'' :* '''zyeteatyofway''' = ''opaquely'' :* '''zyeteatyukwa''' = ''transparent'' :* '''zyeteatyukwan''' = ''transparency'' :* '''zyeteatyukway''' = ''transparently'' :* '''zyeteaxea''' = ''perusing'' :* '''zyeteaxen''' = ''peeping, perusal, perusing'' :* '''zyeteaxer''' = ''to look through, to peep, to peruse'' :* '''zyeteaxut''' = ''peeper, peruser'' :* '''zyeteaxwa''' = ''perused'' :* '''zyetejaa''' = ''experienced'' :* '''zyetejen''' = ''experience, experiencing'' :* '''zyetejena''' = ''experiential'' :* '''zyetejer''' = ''to experience, to live through'' :* '''zyetem''' = ''hall, hallway'' :* '''zyetexen''' = ''excogitation'' :* '''zyetexer''' = ''to excogitate'' :* '''zyetim''' = ''corridor'' :* '''zyetujer''' = ''to sleep through'' :* '''zyeubar''' = ''transmitter'' :* '''zyeuben''' = ''transmission, transmitting'' :* '''zyeuber''' = ''to bring through, to transmit'' :* '''zyeubun''' = ''transmittal, transmittance'' :* '''zyeubwa''' = ''transmitted'' :* '''zyeubyafwa''' = ''transmissible, transmittable'' :* '''zyeubyafwan''' = ''transmissibility'' :* '''zyeuibar''' = ''transmitter-receiver'' :* '''zyeuper''' = ''to come through'' :* '''zyev''' = ''glass'' :* '''zyeva''' = ''glass, made of glass'' :* '''zyeva teab''' = ''glass eye'' :* '''zyevmaipxen''' = ''glass-blowing, glassblowing'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyevmaipxut -- zyida = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyevmaipxut''' = ''glass-blower, glassblower'' :* '''zyevmays''' = ''glass panel'' :* '''zyevol''' = ''cariander'' :* '''zyevseux''' = ''jingle'' :* '''zyevseuxea''' = ''jingly'' :* '''zyevseuxen''' = ''jingling'' :* '''zyevseuxer''' = ''to jingle'' :* '''zyevtam''' = ''glasshouse'' :* '''zyevtyen''' = ''glass industry, glass-making'' :* '''zyevxam''' = ''glass factory, glassworks'' :* '''zyevxen''' = ''glass-making'' :* '''zyevxer''' = ''to make glass'' :* '''zyevxun''' = ''glass-ware, glassware'' :* '''zyevxut''' = ''glass-maker, glassman'' :* '''zyevyena''' = ''glass-like, glassy, hyaline, polished'' :* '''zyevyenan''' = ''glassiness, smoothness'' :* '''zyevyug''' = ''plexiglass'' :* '''zyeyaga''' = ''deep'' :* '''zyeyagan''' = ''deepness, depth'' :* '''zyeyagay''' = ''deeply'' :* '''zyeyagser''' = ''to deepen'' :* '''zyeyagxer''' = ''to deepen'' :* '''zyeyagxwa''' = ''deepened'' :* '''zyeyazasen''' = ''herniation'' :* '''zyeyazaser''' = ''to herniate'' :* '''zyeyazasun''' = ''hernia'' :* '''zyeyazasuna''' = ''hernial'' :* '''zyeyg''' = ''pit, pock, tiny hole'' :* '''zyeygaya''' = ''pitted, pocked, pocky'' :* '''zyeygika''' = ''pitted, pocked, pocky'' :* '''zyeygsiyn''' = ''pockmark'' :* '''zyeygxen''' = ''pitting'' :* '''zyeygxwa''' = ''pitted'' :* '''zyeyiba''' = ''a long way through, deep'' :* '''zyeyiban''' = ''deepness'' :* '''zyeyibay''' = ''deeply'' :* '''zyeyibser''' = ''to deepen'' :* '''zyeyibxen''' = ''deepening'' :* '''zyeyibxer''' = ''to deepen'' :* '''zyeyibxwa''' = ''deepened'' :* '''zyeyoga''' = ''shallow'' :* '''zyeyogan''' = ''shallowness'' :* '''zyeyogay''' = ''shallowly'' :* '''zyeyonbyexer''' = ''to break through'' :* '''zyia''' = ''flat'' :* '''zyia mipar''' = ''ark'' :* '''zyia puxmep zyun''' = ''drive'' :* '''zyia sinuar''' = ''flatscreen'' :* '''zyia zyug''' = ''flat tire'' :* '''zyiaben''' = ''laying out'' :* '''zyiaber''' = ''to lay out, to spread out'' :* '''zyiabnodmuyv''' = ''tack'' :* '''zyiabnodmuyvoben''' = ''tack removal'' :* '''zyiabun''' = ''layout'' :* '''zyiabwa''' = ''laid out, spread out'' :* '''zyian''' = ''flatness'' :* '''zyiasea''' = ''flattening'' :* '''zyiasen''' = ''deflation, flattening, laying down, lying out flat'' :* '''zyiaser''' = ''to become flat, to deflate, to flatten, to go flat'' :* '''zyiaxar''' = ''flattener, iron, press'' :* '''zyiaxaren''' = ''ironing'' :* '''zyiaxarer''' = ''to iron'' :* '''zyiaxarwa''' = ''ironed'' :* '''zyiaxen''' = ''deflation, flattening'' :* '''zyiaxer''' = ''to deflate, to flatten, to flatten out'' :* '''zyiaxwa''' = ''deflated, flattened'' :* '''zyiay''' = ''flatly'' :* '''zyib''' = ''stem'' :* '''zyiben''' = ''laying flat, setting out flat'' :* '''zyiber''' = ''to lay flat, to set down, to set out flat'' :* '''zyibwa''' = ''flattened, laid out'' :* '''zyibyex''' = ''smack'' :* '''zyibyexea''' = ''smacking'' :* '''zyibyexen''' = ''smacking'' :* '''zyibyexer''' = ''to plash, to smack'' :* '''zyibyexun''' = ''smack'' :* '''zyibyexwa''' = ''smacked'' :* '''zyibzyebyan''' = ''stemware'' :* '''zyid''' = ''platitude'' :* '''zyida''' = ''dull, platitudinous, trite'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyidan -- zyimxwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyidan''' = ''triteness'' :* '''zyiday''' = ''tritely'' :* '''zyidem''' = ''plaza'' :* '''zyidruren''' = ''planography'' :* '''zyiem''' = ''plain'' :* '''zyifa''' = ''even, plain, smooth'' :* '''zyifan''' = ''evenness, plainness, smoothness'' :* '''zyifaof''' = ''board, plank of wood'' :* '''zyifaofan''' = ''planking'' :* '''zyifaofen''' = ''planking'' :* '''zyifar''' = ''file, plane, polisher'' :* '''zyifaren''' = ''filing, planing, polishing'' :* '''zyifarer''' = ''to file down, to polish'' :* '''zyifarwa''' = ''filed, planed, polished'' :* '''zyifay''' = ''evenly, smoothly'' :* '''zyifir''' = ''planer'' :* '''zyifmufyeg''' = ''smoothbore'' :* '''zyifub mipar''' = ''canoe, paddle boat'' :* '''zyifub''' = ''paddle'' :* '''zyifuben''' = ''paddling'' :* '''zyifuber''' = ''to paddle'' :* '''zyifubut''' = ''paddler'' :* '''zyifubwa''' = ''paddled'' :* '''zyifxar''' = ''smoother'' :* '''zyifxen''' = ''evening out, polishing, smoothing out'' :* '''zyifxer''' = ''to even out, to polish, to smooth out, to smooth over'' :* '''zyifxwa''' = ''evened out, polish, polished, smoothed out'' :* '''zyigiar abnyef''' = ''scabbard'' :* '''zyigiar''' = ''sword'' :* '''zyigiarek''' = ''fencing, swordplay'' :* '''zyigiareken''' = ''fencing'' :* '''zyigiarekut''' = ''fencer, gladiator, sword fighter, swordsman'' :* '''zyigiarekuta''' = ''gladiatorial'' :* '''zyigiarekyen''' = ''swordsmanship'' :* '''zyigiaren''' = ''stabbing with a sword'' :* '''zyigiarer''' = ''to stab with a sword'' :* '''zyigiarsyob''' = ''hilt'' :* '''zyigiarut''' = ''gladiator, swordsman'' :* '''zyigiarwa''' = ''stabbed with a sword'' :* '''zyigiaryena''' = ''rapier'' :* '''zyigimel''' = ''plateau'' :* '''zyigiun''' = ''blade'' :* '''zyiglal''' = ''burger, patty'' :* '''zyigoblar''' = ''planer'' :* '''zyigoblun''' = ''patty'' :* '''zyigos''' = ''chip, flake, fleck, wafer'' :* '''zyigosaya''' = ''flaky'' :* '''zyigosayan''' = ''flakiness'' :* '''zyigosika''' = ''flaky'' :* '''zyigosikan''' = ''flakiness'' :* '''zyigoun''' = ''chip, crisp'' :* '''zyigounser''' = ''to chip'' :* '''zyigounxar''' = ''smasher'' :* '''zyigounxen''' = ''chipping, smashing to pieces, smashup'' :* '''zyigounxer''' = ''to chip, to smash to pieces'' :* '''zyigounxwa''' = ''chipped, smashed to pieces'' :* '''zyigser''' = ''to chip, to flake'' :* '''zyigxen''' = ''chipping, flaking'' :* '''zyigxer''' = ''to chip, to flake'' :* '''zyigxwa''' = ''chipped, flaked'' :* '''zyileovol''' = ''flan, flapjack, pancake'' :* '''zyim''' = ''place, plane'' :* '''zyima''' = ''even, level, planar'' :* '''zyiman''' = ''planarity'' :* '''zyimef''' = ''flagstone'' :* '''zyimel''' = ''flatland, plain'' :* '''zyimem''' = ''flat, flatland, llano, plain, tableland'' :* '''zyimeses''' = ''platter, tray'' :* '''zyimilyeb''' = ''basin, bowl, washbasin, washbowl'' :* '''zyimimkum''' = ''beach, seafront, shore'' :* '''zyimimkumpexwer''' = ''to get beached'' :* '''zyimimkumput''' = ''beach-goer'' :* '''zyimipar''' = ''dory, flatboat'' :* '''zyimipkum''' = ''riverfront'' :* '''zyimnagar''' = ''level, leveling device'' :* '''zyimos''' = ''deck, platform'' :* '''zyimoys''' = ''platform'' :* '''zyimxen''' = ''leveling out'' :* '''zyimxer''' = ''to even out, to level out'' :* '''zyimxwa''' = ''evened, leveled'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyin -- zyoafxyeay = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyin''' = ''deck, level, plane, plate, plateau, platform'' :* '''zyina''' = ''even, level'' :* '''zyinad''' = ''flat line, horizon'' :* '''zyinada''' = ''flat-lined, horizontal'' :* '''zyinan''' = ''evenness'' :* '''zyinar''' = ''raddle'' :* '''zyinarer''' = ''to raddle'' :* '''zyinaser''' = ''to level out'' :* '''zyined''' = ''flat surface, platform'' :* '''zyinmus''' = ''shamble'' :* '''zyinpar''' = ''flat wagon'' :* '''zyinunmimpur''' = ''barge'' :* '''zyinunmimpurut''' = ''bargeman'' :* '''zyinxen''' = ''evening out, leveling out'' :* '''zyinxer''' = ''to even out, to level out, to make even, to make level'' :* '''zyinxwa''' = ''evened out, leveled out'' :* '''zyinyug''' = ''pad'' :* '''zyiobem kyismipar''' = ''mackinaw'' :* '''zyiobem mimpar''' = ''scow'' :* '''zyiovol''' = ''flat bread, pide, pita, pizza'' :* '''zyiovolam''' = ''pizzeria'' :* '''zyipat''' = ''titmouse'' :* '''zyipea''' = ''reclining, recumbent'' :* '''zyipean''' = ''recumbency'' :* '''zyipen''' = ''reclining'' :* '''zyiper''' = ''to lay flat, to lie down, to lie flat, to lie out flat, to recline'' :* '''zyipya''' = ''lying down, lying flat, recumbent'' :* '''zyipyeux''' = ''thud, whack'' :* '''zyipyeuxen''' = ''thudding, whacking'' :* '''zyipyeuxer''' = ''to thud, to whack'' :* '''zyipyex''' = ''thwack'' :* '''zyipyexer''' = ''to thwack'' :* '''zyipyexut''' = ''thwacker'' :* '''zyipyoser''' = ''to fall flat'' :* '''zyipyoseux''' = ''splat'' :* '''zyipyoseuxer''' = ''to go splat'' :* '''zyis''' = ''layer'' :* '''zyisben''' = ''layering'' :* '''zyisber''' = ''to apply a layer, to layer'' :* '''zyisbwa''' = ''layered'' :* '''zyisea''' = ''lying down, reclining, recumbant'' :* '''zyisean''' = ''recumbancy'' :* '''zyisen''' = ''lying down, lying out flat, reclining'' :* '''zyisensim''' = ''lounge chair'' :* '''zyiser tapugay''' = ''to loll'' :* '''zyiser''' = ''to lounge, to recline'' :* '''zyiseuxer''' = ''to plap'' :* '''zyisuem''' = ''futon'' :* '''zyisumpur''' = ''flatbed, flatcar'' :* '''zyisuv''' = ''flathead nail'' :* '''zyitelyebyan''' = ''flatware'' :* '''zyitolyeb''' = ''frying pan, skillet'' :* '''zyitulbar''' = ''platter'' :* '''zyityoyab''' = ''flatfoot'' :* '''zyityoyaba''' = ''flatfooted'' :* '''zyityoyabat''' = ''flatfoot'' :* '''zyiumleovol''' = ''biscuit, cracker'' :* '''zyiun''' = ''desk, plaque, plate, plateau, platter'' :* '''zyiunekar''' = ''record player'' :* '''zyiunkun''' = ''flatiron'' :* '''zyiunyena''' = ''platy'' :* '''zyivol''' = ''fennel'' :* '''zyixen''' = ''laying out flat'' :* '''zyixer''' = ''to lay, to lay out flat'' :* '''zyixwa''' = ''layed'' :* '''zyiya''' = ''flattish'' :* '''zyiyab''' = ''level'' :* '''zyiyaben''' = ''evening out, leveling-out'' :* '''zyiyaber''' = ''to even out, to level-out'' :* '''zyiyabwa''' = ''evened out, leveled out'' :* '''zyiyazmel''' = ''plateau'' :* '''zyizyuovol''' = ''teacake'' :* '''zynogyan zetif''' = ''bandoleer'' :* '''zyoa''' = ''narrow, strict, tight'' :* '''zyoa yijteuzun''' = ''close vowel'' :* '''zyoafxen''' = ''restricting, restriction'' :* '''zyoafxer''' = ''to restrict'' :* '''zyoafxwa gonem''' = ''restricted zone'' :* '''zyoafxyea''' = ''restrictive'' :* '''zyoafxyeay''' = ''restrictively'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyoan -- zyogobler = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyoan''' = ''fineness, narrowness, strictness, tightness'' :* '''zyoapexlar''' = ''squeegee'' :* '''zyoaxen''' = ''narrowing, retracting, retraction, shrinking'' :* '''zyoaxer''' = ''to contract, to narrow, to retract, to shrink'' :* '''zyoaxwa''' = ''narrowed, retracted, shrunk, shrunken'' :* '''zyoaxwas''' = ''stricture'' :* '''zyoay''' = ''finely, narrowly, strictly, tightly'' :* '''zyoay ofwa''' = ''strictly prohibited'' :* '''zyoay yefwa''' = ''strictly mandatory'' :* '''zyobalar''' = ''constrictor'' :* '''zyobalen''' = ''constriction, tightly pressing'' :* '''zyobaler''' = ''to constrict, to press tight, to scrunch'' :* '''zyobalseux''' = ''scrunch'' :* '''zyobalus''' = ''constrictor'' :* '''zyobalwa''' = ''constricted, scrunchy, tightly pressed'' :* '''zyobalyea''' = ''constrictive'' :* '''zyobar''' = ''filter, sifter, strainer'' :* '''zyobarar''' = ''clutch'' :* '''zyobarea''' = ''crushing'' :* '''zyobaren''' = ''clutching, compacting, compaction, crushing'' :* '''zyobarer''' = ''to clutch, to compact, to crush'' :* '''zyobarwa''' = ''clutched, compacted, crushed'' :* '''zyobarwan''' = ''compactness'' :* '''zyobarway''' = ''compactly'' :* '''zyobea''' = ''restricting'' :* '''zyoben''' = ''filtration, restricting, restriction'' :* '''zyober''' = ''to filter, to restrict'' :* '''zyobex''' = ''clasp, hug, restraint, tight hold, wrench'' :* '''zyobexar''' = ''restraint, restraints, spanner, squeezer, wrench'' :* '''zyobexea''' = ''gripping, holding tight, wrenching'' :* '''zyobexen''' = ''clasping, clinging, constriction, gripping, holding tight, hugging, restraining, squeezing, wrenching'' :* '''zyobexer''' = ''to clasp, to cling, to constrict, to grip, to hold tight, to hug, to restrain, to squeeze, to squish'' :* '''zyobexut''' = ''restrainer'' :* '''zyobexwa''' = ''clasped, clung, gripped, held tight, hugged, restrained, squeezed, squished, wrenched'' :* '''zyobexway''' = ''restrainedly'' :* '''zyobexyea''' = ''squishy'' :* '''zyobix''' = ''strain'' :* '''zyobixar''' = ''tightener'' :* '''zyobixen''' = ''constriction, contraction, pulling tight, shriveling, straining, tightening, twinging'' :* '''zyobixer''' = ''to constrict, to contract, to pull tight, to shrivel, to strain, to tighten, to twinge'' :* '''zyobixtaebbok''' = ''tetanus'' :* '''zyobixtaebboka''' = ''tetanic'' :* '''zyobixwa''' = ''constricted, contracted, pulled tight, shriveled, strained, tightened'' :* '''zyobixyea''' = ''constrictive, stringent'' :* '''zyobixyean''' = ''stringency'' :* '''zyobixyeay''' = ''stringently'' :* '''zyobut''' = ''sphinx'' :* '''zyobux''' = ''strain, stress'' :* '''zyobuxar''' = ''squirt gun'' :* '''zyobuxen''' = ''restriction, straining, stressing'' :* '''zyobuxer''' = ''to restrict, to strain, to stress'' :* '''zyobuxwa''' = ''restricted, strained, stressed'' :* '''zyobwa''' = ''filtered, restricted'' :* '''zyobyea''' = ''restrictive'' :* '''zyobyean yoafxyean''' = ''restrictiveness'' :* '''zyobyeay''' = ''restrictively'' :* '''zyoebmem''' = ''isthmus'' :* '''zyoebmema''' = ''isthmian'' :* '''zyoebmep''' = ''defile, gorge, narrow pass'' :* '''zyoebmim''' = ''strait'' :* '''zyoebmimxer''' = ''to straiten'' :* '''zyoebmimxwa''' = ''straitened'' :* '''zyoebmip''' = ''canal'' :* '''zyofaof''' = ''clapboard'' :* '''zyofaxwa''' = ''restricted'' :* '''zyoga favova nof''' = ''batiste'' :* '''zyogin drilar''' = ''fine point pen'' :* '''zyogina''' = ''acute, sharp-pointed'' :* '''zyogina gun''' = ''acute angle'' :* '''zyoginan''' = ''acuity, acuteness'' :* '''zyoginar''' = ''sharpener'' :* '''zyoginay''' = ''acutely, sharply'' :* '''zyoginxen''' = ''sharpening'' :* '''zyoginxer''' = ''to sharpen'' :* '''zyoginxwa''' = ''sharpened'' :* '''zyogoblar''' = ''groover, slicer, slitter'' :* '''zyogoblawa''' = ''grooved, sliced, slit'' :* '''zyogoblawa syefeb''' = ''sliced pineapple'' :* '''zyogoblen''' = ''cutting thinly, grooving, slitting'' :* '''zyogobler''' = ''to groove, to slice, to slit'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyogoblun -- zyosaunxwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyogoblun''' = ''groove, slice, slit, strip'' :* '''zyogoflawa''' = ''cut narrowly, ripped finely, stripped, thinly torn'' :* '''zyogoflen''' = ''cutting narrowing, ripping finely, stripping'' :* '''zyogofler''' = ''to cut narrowly, to rip finely, to strip, to tear thinly'' :* '''zyogoflun''' = ''fine rip, narrow cut, strip'' :* '''zyogol''' = ''strip'' :* '''zyogua''' = ''acute'' :* '''zyogun''' = ''acute angle, sharp angle'' :* '''zyoguna''' = ''acute, narrow-angled, sharp-angled'' :* '''zyoilpuser''' = ''to squirt'' :* '''zyoilpux''' = ''squirt'' :* '''zyoilpuxar''' = ''nozzle, squirter'' :* '''zyoilpuxen''' = ''squirting'' :* '''zyoilpuxer''' = ''to squirt'' :* '''zyoilpuxut''' = ''squirter'' :* '''zyoilpuxwa''' = ''squirted'' :* '''zyokebiea''' = ''singling out'' :* '''zyokebien''' = ''singling out'' :* '''zyokebier''' = ''to single out'' :* '''zyokebiwa''' = ''singled out'' :* '''zyokex''' = ''fine search, narrow search'' :* '''zyokexen''' = ''pinpointing'' :* '''zyokexer''' = ''to do a fine-honed search, to pinpoint, to search narrowly'' :* '''zyokexwa''' = ''narrowly searched, pinpoint, pinpointed'' :* '''zyokunad''' = ''brink, narrow edge, verge'' :* '''zyom''' = ''confines, coop, cranny, narrow quarters, narrow space, nook, tight space'' :* '''zyomamnig''' = ''corridor'' :* '''zyomeam''' = ''valley'' :* '''zyomeem''' = ''vale'' :* '''zyomeim''' = ''dale, hollow'' :* '''zyomeip''' = ''wynd'' :* '''zyomem''' = ''corridor'' :* '''zyomep''' = ''gorge, groove, narrow passage, narrows, strip'' :* '''zyomeum''' = ''dale'' :* '''zyomeyam''' = ''gorge'' :* '''zyomeyem''' = ''canyon'' :* '''zyomeyom''' = ''dell, dingle, glen'' :* '''zyomeyp''' = ''narrow path'' :* '''zyomika''' = ''crannied'' :* '''zyomileub''' = ''debouch'' :* '''zyomimub''' = ''sound'' :* '''zyomiyep''' = ''fjord'' :* '''zyomoys''' = ''lamina'' :* '''zyomoysa''' = ''laminar'' :* '''zyomoysaxen''' = ''lamination'' :* '''zyomoysaxer''' = ''to laminate'' :* '''zyomoysaxwa''' = ''laminated'' :* '''zyompexwa''' = ''cooped up'' :* '''zyompilen''' = ''evading, evasion'' :* '''zyompiler''' = ''to evade, to get out of a tight spot'' :* '''zyompilut''' = ''escape artist, evader'' :* '''zyompilyea''' = ''evasive'' :* '''zyompilyean''' = ''evasiveness'' :* '''zyompilyeay''' = ''evasively'' :* '''zyonabyana''' = ''narrow band'' :* '''zyonad''' = ''groove'' :* '''zyonadxwa''' = ''grooved'' :* '''zyonig''' = ''close quarters, confines, narrow space, tight-fitting space'' :* '''zyoniga''' = ''cramped'' :* '''zyonigxwa''' = ''cramped, narrow-gauge, narrow-spaced'' :* '''zyonov''' = ''strip'' :* '''zyonyexen''' = ''stowage'' :* '''zyonyexer''' = ''to stow'' :* '''zyonyexwa''' = ''stowed'' :* '''zyopat''' = ''cowbird, snowbird'' :* '''zyosaun''' = ''speciality, specialty'' :* '''zyosauna''' = ''narrowly-typed, special, specific'' :* '''zyosaunan''' = ''specialness, specificity'' :* '''zyosaunay''' = ''specially, specifically'' :* '''zyosaunden''' = ''specification'' :* '''zyosaunder''' = ''to say specifically'' :* '''zyosaundwa''' = ''specified, stated narrowly'' :* '''zyosaunin''' = ''specialism'' :* '''zyosauninut''' = ''specialist'' :* '''zyosaunxea''' = ''specializing, specifying'' :* '''zyosaunxen''' = ''specialization, specializing, specification, specifying'' :* '''zyosaunxer''' = ''to specialize, to specify'' :* '''zyosaunxus''' = ''specifier'' :* '''zyosaunxut''' = ''specifier'' :* '''zyosaunxwa''' = ''specialized, specified'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyosaunxyafwa -- zyoyuztubwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyosaunxyafwa''' = ''specifiable'' :* '''zyosea''' = ''contracting, retracting, shrinking'' :* '''zyosem''' = ''counter'' :* '''zyosen''' = ''contraction, retraction, shrinkage'' :* '''zyoser''' = ''to attenuate, to contract, to narrow, to retract, to shrink, to shrivel, to tighten'' :* '''zyoteaba''' = ''squint-eyed, strabismic'' :* '''zyoteas''' = ''cropped view, narrow view'' :* '''zyoteat''' = ''tunnel vision'' :* '''zyoteaxen''' = ''peering, prying, squinting'' :* '''zyoteaxer''' = ''to peer, to pry, to squint'' :* '''zyoteaxut''' = ''pryer'' :* '''zyoteayena''' = ''parochial'' :* '''zyoteayenan''' = ''parochialism'' :* '''zyoteayenay''' = ''parochially'' :* '''zyotem''' = ''corridor'' :* '''zyotepa''' = ''bigoted, hidebound, narrow-minded, petty'' :* '''zyotepan''' = ''bigotry, narrow-mindedness, pettiness'' :* '''zyotepat''' = ''bigot, narrow-minded person, petty person'' :* '''zyotepay''' = ''narrow-mindedly'' :* '''zyotexyena''' = ''straight-laced'' :* '''zyotim''' = ''hall, hallway'' :* '''zyotiyeba''' = ''tight-fisted, tightfisted'' :* '''zyotyuna''' = ''strait-laced, straitlaced'' :* '''zyouz''' = ''kink'' :* '''zyouzaya''' = ''kinky'' :* '''zyouzayan''' = ''kinkiness'' :* '''zyouzika''' = ''kinky'' :* '''zyouzikan''' = ''kinkiness'' :* '''zyovol''' = ''endive'' :* '''zyovyanabxwa''' = ''finely-tuned'' :* '''zyox''' = ''constraint'' :* '''zyoxar''' = ''tightener'' :* '''zyoxbikof''' = ''tourniquet'' :* '''zyoxea''' = ''attenuating, constraining, narrowing, restricting'' :* '''zyoxen''' = ''attenuation, constricting, constriction, contracting, contraction, narrowing, restriction, retrenchment, shrinking, tightening'' :* '''zyoxer''' = ''to attenuate, to confine, to constrain, to constrict, to contract, to narrow, to restrict, to retract, to retrench, to shrink, to straitjacket, to tighten'' :* '''zyoxrawa''' = ''choked, constricted, narrowed, restricted, strangled'' :* '''zyoxren''' = ''choking, constriction, strangling, strangulation'' :* '''zyoxrer''' = ''to choke, to constrict, to strangle, to strangulate'' :* '''zyoxrun''' = ''stranglehold'' :* '''zyoxrus''' = ''constrictor'' :* '''zyoxrut''' = ''strangler'' :* '''zyoxryea''' = ''constrictive'' :* '''zyoxtif''' = ''straitjacket'' :* '''zyoxtifaber''' = ''to straitjacket'' :* '''zyoxvaka''' = ''shrink-free'' :* '''zyoxwa''' = ''attenuated, confined, constrained, constricted, contracted, narrowed, restricted, shrunken, tightened'' :* '''zyoxyafwa''' = ''contractible, contractile, shrinkable'' :* '''zyoxyea''' = ''constrictive, restrictive'' :* '''zyoxyean''' = ''restrictiveness'' :* '''zyoxyeay''' = ''restrictively'' :* '''zyoxyofwa''' = ''shrink-free, unshrinkable'' :* '''zyoyem''' = ''confines, narrow space'' :* '''zyoyepen''' = ''squeezing in'' :* '''zyoyeper''' = ''to squeeze in'' :* '''zyoyij''' = ''crack, crevice, narrow opening, slit'' :* '''zyoyija''' = ''barely ajar, barely open, cracked open, narrowly open narrowly, slightly ajar'' :* '''zyoyijben''' = ''cracking open, opening narrowly'' :* '''zyoyijber''' = ''to crack open narrowly'' :* '''zyoyijbwa''' = ''cracked open, opened narrowly'' :* '''zyoyijea''' = ''cracking open'' :* '''zyoyijen''' = ''cracking open'' :* '''zyoyijer''' = ''to crack open narrowly'' :* '''zyoyijmaluar''' = ''louver'' :* '''zyoyijmaluarwa''' = ''louvered'' :* '''zyoyiv''' = ''privilege'' :* '''zyoyivika''' = ''privileged'' :* '''zyoyobmel''' = ''dale, valley'' :* '''zyoyozmel''' = ''furrow, gulch, gully, narrows, ravine'' :* '''zyoyuja''' = ''barely shut tight, tightly shut'' :* '''zyoyujben''' = ''shutting tight'' :* '''zyoyujben teubobi''' = ''puckering, pursing the lips'' :* '''zyoyujber teubobi''' = ''to pucker, purse the lips'' :* '''zyoyujber''' = ''to shut tight'' :* '''zyoyujbwa''' = ''closed tight, shut tight'' :* '''zyoyujer''' = ''to shut tight'' :* '''zyoyuztubea''' = ''cuddling, hugging tightly'' :* '''zyoyuztuben''' = ''cuddling, hugging tightly'' :* '''zyoyuztuber''' = ''to cuddle, to hug tight'' :* '''zyoyuztubwa''' = ''cuddled, hugged tightly'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyozanmis -- zyuesber = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyozanmis''' = ''embrasure'' :* '''zyozyeg''' = ''groove, narrow opening, slit'' :* '''zyozyegika''' = ''grooved'' :* '''zyozyiun''' = ''lamella'' :* '''zyu-''' = ''cyclo-, roto-, round-'' :* '''zyua''' = ''rotund, round'' :* '''zyua sem ebdal''' = ''round table discussion'' :* '''zyua sem''' = ''round table'' :* '''zyuabauna uzyumuv''' = ''roundhead'' :* '''zyuabtamas''' = ''dome'' :* '''zyuabtamassana''' = ''domed'' :* '''zyuan''' = ''rotundity, rotundness, roundness'' :* '''zyuaomufyan''' = ''cyclostyle'' :* '''zyuas''' = ''annal, roundel'' :* '''zyuaser''' = ''to become round, to swell'' :* '''zyuaxen''' = ''rounding, swelling'' :* '''zyuaxer''' = ''to make round out, to swell'' :* '''zyuaxwa''' = ''rounded, swollen'' :* '''zyub''' = ''rotation, spindle, turn'' :* '''zyub-''' = ''roto-, turbo-'' :* '''zyuba''' = ''rotary'' :* '''zyubaos''' = ''maelstrom'' :* '''zyubaoser''' = ''to churn'' :* '''zyubaox''' = ''turmoil'' :* '''zyubaoxar''' = ''churner'' :* '''zyubaoxea''' = ''churning'' :* '''zyubaoxen''' = ''churning, contorting'' :* '''zyubaoxer''' = ''to churn'' :* '''zyubaoxwa''' = ''churned, contorted, convoluted, disturbed'' :* '''zyubar''' = ''roller, wheel'' :* '''zyubea''' = ''rolling, rotating, spindling, turning'' :* '''zyuben''' = ''revolution, rolling, rotation, slewing, turning'' :* '''zyubena''' = ''rotational'' :* '''zyubenay''' = ''rotationally'' :* '''zyuber nufag''' = ''to turn a knob'' :* '''zyuber''' = ''to roll, to rotate, to slew, to slue, to turn'' :* '''zyubir''' = ''rotor'' :* '''zyublabaun''' = ''twist-top'' :* '''zyublar''' = ''twirler'' :* '''zyublawa''' = ''spun, twisted, whirled'' :* '''zyublen''' = ''spinning, twirling, twisting, whirling'' :* '''zyubler''' = ''to spin, to twirl, to twist, to whirl'' :* '''zyublun''' = ''spin, twirl, twist'' :* '''zyublus''' = ''twister'' :* '''zyublyea''' = ''tortuous'' :* '''zyublyean''' = ''tortuosity, tortuousness'' :* '''zyubmagyelwa''' = ''stir-fried'' :* '''zyubmapatub''' = ''turboprop'' :* '''zyubmapuar''' = ''turbofan'' :* '''zyubolnod''' = ''hinge, pivot'' :* '''zyubolnoda''' = ''pivotal'' :* '''zyubolnodxea''' = ''pivoting'' :* '''zyubolnodxwa''' = ''pivoted'' :* '''zyubpuxrar''' = ''turbojet'' :* '''zyubrar''' = ''turbine, turbo'' :* '''zyubrarkyisuar''' = ''turbocharger'' :* '''zyubrawa''' = ''contorted, convoluted, disturbed, twisted'' :* '''zyubren''' = ''contorting, contortion, convolution, disturbing, turbulence, twisting'' :* '''zyubrer''' = ''to contort, to convolute, to convulse, to disturb, to twist'' :* '''zyubryea''' = ''convulsive, disturbing, turbulent'' :* '''zyubryean''' = ''convulsion, disturbance, turbulence'' :* '''zyubryeay''' = ''turbulently'' :* '''zyubsab''' = ''fuselage'' :* '''zyubsanxem''' = ''turnery'' :* '''zyubsanxen''' = ''turnery'' :* '''zyubwa''' = ''rotated, spindled, turned'' :* '''zyubyafwa''' = ''rotatable, turnable'' :* '''zyudaz''' = ''waltz'' :* '''zyudazen''' = ''waltzing'' :* '''zyudazer''' = ''to waltz'' :* '''zyudazut''' = ''waltzer'' :* '''zyudezam''' = ''circus, theater in the round'' :* '''zyudezamag''' = ''circus maximus, coliseum'' :* '''zyudren''' = ''ronde'' :* '''zyudrurer''' = ''to rotograph'' :* '''zyudrurun''' = ''rotograph'' :* '''zyues''' = ''ring'' :* '''zyuesa''' = ''annular'' :* '''zyuesben''' = ''annulation, ringing'' :* '''zyuesber''' = ''to ring'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyuesbwa -- zyulsun = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyuesbwa''' = ''ringed'' :* '''zyuessana''' = ''annulate'' :* '''zyufeebum''' = ''boll'' :* '''zyufeebumxen''' = ''bolling'' :* '''zyufeebumxer''' = ''to boll'' :* '''zyufeebumxwa''' = ''bolled'' :* '''zyufub''' = ''rudder'' :* '''zyufuboya''' = ''rudderless'' :* '''zyufubuka''' = ''rudderless'' :* '''zyug''' = ''donut, tire'' :* '''zyug uzkunad''' = ''tire rim'' :* '''zyug zonaad''' = ''tire track'' :* '''zyug zyegxen''' = ''blowout'' :* '''zyugbwa''' = ''shod'' :* '''zyugina''' = ''obtuse'' :* '''zyuginan''' = ''obtuseness'' :* '''zyugkun''' = ''sidewall'' :* '''zyuglal''' = ''loaf'' :* '''zyugyanif''' = ''lasso'' :* '''zyugyanifxer''' = ''to lasso'' :* '''zyuigper''' = ''to rotate fast'' :* '''zyuilben''' = ''swishing'' :* '''zyuilber''' = ''to swish'' :* '''zyuilbwa''' = ''swished'' :* '''zyuin''' = ''marble'' :* '''zyuinika''' = ''bulgy'' :* '''zyuis''' = ''ellipse, ellipsoid, loop, oval'' :* '''zyuisa''' = ''ellipsoidal, elliptic, elliptical, oblong, ovoid, ovular'' :* '''zyuisan''' = ''ellipse, oblong shape, oval shape'' :* '''zyuisana''' = ''elliptical, oblong, oval-shaped'' :* '''zyuisay''' = ''elliptically'' :* '''zyuisben''' = ''looping'' :* '''zyuisber''' = ''to loop'' :* '''zyuisbwa''' = ''looped'' :* '''zyuisea''' = ''bulging'' :* '''zyuisen''' = ''bulging'' :* '''zyuiser''' = ''to bulge'' :* '''zyuisoben''' = ''unbuckling, unlooping'' :* '''zyuisober''' = ''to unbuckle, to unloop'' :* '''zyuisobwa''' = ''unbuckled, unlooped'' :* '''zyuixoben''' = ''unbuckling'' :* '''zyuixober''' = ''to unbuckle'' :* '''zyuixobwa''' = ''unbuckled'' :* '''zyuk bi kyeoj''' = ''wheel of fortune'' :* '''zyuk''' = ''hoop, wheel'' :* '''zyukbelar''' = ''wheel barrow, wheeled cart'' :* '''zyukbolwa pitpexar''' = ''fyke'' :* '''zyukexut''' = ''wheeler'' :* '''zyukigkyaxen''' = ''gearing'' :* '''zyukigkyaxer''' = ''to gear shift, to gearshift'' :* '''zyukika''' = ''wheeled'' :* '''zyukmampur''' = ''gyroplane'' :* '''zyukmuf''' = ''axletree'' :* '''zyuknagar''' = ''cyclometer'' :* '''zyuknaud''' = ''spoke, wheel spoke'' :* '''zyuknaudxwa''' = ''spoked'' :* '''zyukovun''' = ''chock'' :* '''zyukoya''' = ''wheelless'' :* '''zyukoyebkunad''' = ''felloe, felly'' :* '''zyukpib''' = ''whelp'' :* '''zyuksan''' = ''wheel shape'' :* '''zyuksana''' = ''wheel-shaped'' :* '''zyuksaxut''' = ''wheelwright'' :* '''zyuksea''' = ''spooling'' :* '''zyukser''' = ''to spool'' :* '''zyuksim''' = ''wheel chair, wheelchair'' :* '''zyuksum''' = ''bed on wheels, rollaway bed'' :* '''zyuktam''' = ''house on wheels, mobile home, trailer'' :* '''zyuktob''' = ''wheelman'' :* '''zyuktom''' = ''wheelhouse'' :* '''zyuktulyuxut''' = ''carhop'' :* '''zyuktum''' = ''wheelhouse'' :* '''zyukuka''' = ''wheelless'' :* '''zyukzen abaun''' = ''hubcap'' :* '''zyuleovol''' = ''jelly roll, jellyroll'' :* '''zyulmap''' = ''cyclone, tornado, twister'' :* '''zyulsea''' = ''turbulent, twirling, twisting, whirring'' :* '''zyulsen''' = ''turbulence, twirling, twisting, whirring'' :* '''zyulser''' = ''to twirl, to twist, to whir'' :* '''zyulsun''' = ''twirl, twist, whirr'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyulxen -- zyunsana = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyulxen''' = ''twisting'' :* '''zyulxer''' = ''to twist'' :* '''zyulxwa''' = ''twisted'' :* '''zyum''' = ''circle, loop, rotary'' :* '''zyumuf''' = ''cylinder, pestle, spindle'' :* '''zyumufa''' = ''cylindrical'' :* '''zyumufar''' = ''roller'' :* '''zyumufdresiz''' = ''rotogravure'' :* '''zyumufdresizen''' = ''rotogravure'' :* '''zyumufdresizun''' = ''rotogravure'' :* '''zyumufdresizut''' = ''rotogravurer'' :* '''zyumufea''' = ''rolling'' :* '''zyumufsan''' = ''cylinder'' :* '''zyumufsana''' = ''cylindrical'' :* '''zyumufxen''' = ''rolling'' :* '''zyumufxer''' = ''to roll'' :* '''zyun''' = ''ball, orb, sphere'' :* '''zyun bi nasdrevi''' = ''wad of bills, wad of money'' :* '''zyun ifek''' = ''ball game'' :* '''zyuna''' = ''spherical'' :* '''zyunad''' = ''circle'' :* '''zyunada''' = ''circular'' :* '''zyunadan''' = ''circularity'' :* '''zyunadrawa''' = ''circled'' :* '''zyunadrer''' = ''to circle'' :* '''zyunaya''' = ''bulgy'' :* '''zyundem''' = ''ballpark'' :* '''zyunekut''' = ''ballplayer'' :* '''zyunes''' = ''bead, drop'' :* '''zyunes bi mamil''' = ''drop of rain'' :* '''zyunes bi mil''' = ''drop of water'' :* '''zyunesgin drilar''' = ''ball-point pen'' :* '''zyungin''' = ''ballpoint'' :* '''zyungin drilar''' = ''ballpoint pen'' :* '''zyungindrar''' = ''biro'' :* '''zyungyas''' = ''swollen thing, tumor'' :* '''zyungyasea''' = ''swelling, tumescent'' :* '''zyungyaser''' = ''to bloat, to swell'' :* '''zyungyasun''' = ''swelling, tumor'' :* '''zyungyaxer''' = ''to bloat, to blow up, to swell, to tumefy'' :* '''zyungyaxwa''' = ''bloated, blown up, swollen'' :* '''zyungyaxwas''' = ''bunch, swollen mass, tumescence'' :* '''zyunid''' = ''ball, orb, sphere'' :* '''zyunida''' = ''orbicular, spherical'' :* '''zyuniday''' = ''spherically'' :* '''zyunidog''' = ''bead, globule'' :* '''zyunidoga''' = ''globular'' :* '''zyunidogan''' = ''globularity'' :* '''zyunidsan''' = ''ball shape, globe shape, sphere shape'' :* '''zyunidsana''' = ''ball-shaped, globe-shaped, sphere-shaped, spherical'' :* '''zyunifek''' = ''ballgame'' :* '''zyuniyd''' = ''globe'' :* '''zyuniyda''' = ''global'' :* '''zyuniyday''' = ''globally'' :* '''zyuniydxen''' = ''globalization'' :* '''zyuniydxer''' = ''to globalize'' :* '''zyuniydxwa''' = ''globalized'' :* '''zyunizbexyek''' = ''scrummage'' :* '''zyunod''' = ''cycloid'' :* '''zyunoda''' = ''cycloidal'' :* '''zyunog''' = ''bead, bobble, pellet, pill, spherule, wad'' :* '''zyunog bi dref''' = ''wad of paper'' :* '''zyunog nyem''' = ''pill box, pillbox, shell box'' :* '''zyunog zyeb''' = ''pill bottle'' :* '''zyunogaya''' = ''beady'' :* '''zyunogayan''' = ''beadiness'' :* '''zyunogier''' = ''to be shot, to catch a bullet, to get hit with a bullet'' :* '''zyunogika''' = ''beady'' :* '''zyunogikan''' = ''beadiness'' :* '''zyunogxen''' = ''pelletization, wadding up'' :* '''zyunogxer''' = ''to pelletize, to wad up'' :* '''zyunogxwa''' = ''pelletized, wadded up'' :* '''zyunogyan zetif''' = ''bandolier'' :* '''zyunogyena''' = ''beady'' :* '''zyunogyenan''' = ''beadiness'' :* '''zyunopix''' = ''out, strikeout'' :* '''zyunpux''' = ''ball throw'' :* '''zyunpuyx''' = ''ball toss'' :* '''zyunsan''' = ''ball-shape, sphere'' :* '''zyunsana''' = ''ball-shaped, orbicular, spherical'' </div>{{small/end}} = zyunser -- zyusebmuvbwa = {{small/top}} <div style="background: lightyellow; border: solid blue 2px; {{column-count|2}};{{column-rule|2px solid blue}}";> :* '''zyunser''' = ''to ball up, to bead, to become a sphere, to roll up'' :* '''zyunsyoyb''' = ''tee'' :* '''zyunsyoyben''' = ''teeing off'' :* '''zyunsyoyber''' = ''to tee off'' :* '''zyunut''' = ''baller'' :* '''zyunxer''' = ''to roll into a ball, to roll up'' :* '''zyunxwa''' = ''balled up, rolled up'' :* '''zyuovbyexares''' = ''roundel'' :* '''zyuovol''' = ''bun, pastry roll'' :* '''zyup''' = ''circuit, cycle, go-round, gyration, revolution, rotation, tour, turn'' :* '''zyup igan''' = ''rotational speed'' :* '''zyupapen''' = ''flying in a loop'' :* '''zyupaper''' = ''to fly in a loop'' :* '''zyupar''' = ''gyrator, roller, rotor, wheel'' :* '''zyupat''' = ''towhee'' :* '''zyupea''' = ''cyclical, going around, gyrating, gyratory, revolving, rotating, turning'' :* '''zyupea mes''' = ''revolving door'' :* '''zyupea misof''' = ''window shade'' :* '''zyupea sem''' = ''dumbwaiter'' :* '''zyupem''' = ''circle, rotary'' :* '''zyupen''' = ''cycling, gyration, revolving, rotation, turning'' :* '''zyupena''' = ''cyclical, rotational'' :* '''zyuper''' = ''to cycle, to go around, to gyrate, to revolve, to roll, to rotate, to turn. turn around'' :* '''zyupgrin melyexur''' = ''rototiller'' :* '''zyupi gol jwab''' = ''rpm'' :* '''zyuplea ekar''' = ''spin top'' :* '''zyuplea mium''' = ''whirlpool'' :* '''zyuplea''' = ''spinning, swiveling, twirling'' :* '''zyuplekar''' = ''spinning toy, top, whirligig'' :* '''zyuplen''' = ''moil, spinning, swiveling, twirling, whirling'' :* '''zyupler''' = ''to moil, to spin, to swivel, to twirl, to twist, to whirl'' :* '''zyuplun''' = ''spin, twirl, whirl'' :* '''zyuplun zyus''' = ''spin cycle'' :* '''zyuplur''' = ''helicopter, whirlybird'' :* '''zyuplus''' = ''spinner'' :* '''zyupmes''' = ''carousel, turntable'' :* '''zyupmuf''' = ''capstan, spindle'' :* '''zyupnod''' = ''hub, pivot'' :* '''zyupnoda''' = ''pivotal'' :* '''zyupnodxea''' = ''pivoting'' :* '''zyupnodxer''' = ''to pivot'' :* '''zyupnodxwa''' = ''pivoted'' :* '''zyuppan''' = ''roundoff'' :* '''zyuprea''' = ''contorting, convulsing, twisting'' :* '''zyupren''' = ''contortion, convulsion, twisting'' :* '''zyuprer''' = ''to contort, to convulse, to twist'' :* '''zyupsim''' = ''swivel chair'' :* '''zyuptos''' = ''vertigo'' :* '''zyuptub''' = ''turnstile'' :* '''zyupuxen''' = ''whipping'' :* '''zyupuxer''' = ''to throw around'' :* '''zyupvos''' = ''pinwheel'' :* '''zyupyas''' = ''somersault'' :* '''zyupyasen''' = ''somersaulting'' :* '''zyupyaser''' = ''to somersault'' :* '''zyupyos fuvab''' = ''tumbleweed'' :* '''zyupyosea''' = ''tumbling'' :* '''zyupyosen''' = ''tumbling'' :* '''zyupyoser''' = ''to tumble'' :* '''zyupyoxer''' = ''to tumble'' :* '''zyupyoxwa''' = ''tumbled'' :* '''zyupzen''' = ''pivot'' :* '''zyupzena''' = ''pivotal'' :* '''zyupzenea''' = ''pivoting'' :* '''zyupzenwa''' = ''pivoted'' :* '''zyus''' = ''circle, cycle'' :* '''zyusa''' = ''circular, cyclic, cyclical'' :* '''zyusa yaozgoblar''' = ''circular saw'' :* '''zyusan''' = ''circularity, round shape'' :* '''zyusana''' = ''round-shaped, tubby'' :* '''zyusbea''' = ''encircling'' :* '''zyusben''' = ''encirclement, encircling'' :* '''zyusber''' = ''to encircle'' :* '''zyusbwa''' = ''encircled'' :* '''zyusea''' = ''circling, cyclical, cycling, gyrating, rotating'' :* '''zyusebmuv''' = ''rivet'' :* '''zyusebmuvbea''' = ''riveting'' :* '''zyusebmuvber''' = ''to rivet'' :* '''zyusebmuvbut''' = ''riveter'' :* '''zyusebmuvbwa''' = ''riveted'' </div>{{small/end}} {{BookCat}} af1pzyolt2apuqfdlq6xg1y53cvhf9l 0 475313 4640994 4640219 2026-06-23T12:11:40Z Conan 3188 Multitasking/CPU: CPU Isolation and IPI interference, LPC'25 4640994 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Interrupts and CPU}}</noinclude> == Interrupts == An {{w|interrupt}} is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention. An interrupt alerts the processor to a high-priority condition requiring the interruption of the current code the processor is executing. The processor responds by suspending its current activities, saving its state, and executing a function called an ''interrupt handler'' (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event. This interruption is temporary, and, after the interrupt handler finishes, the processor resumes normal activities. There are two types of interrupts: hardware interrupts and software interrupts. Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system. For example, pressing a key on the keyboard or moving the mouse triggers hardware interrupts that cause the processor to read the keystroke or mouse position. Unlike the software type, hardware interrupts are asynchronous and can occur in the middle of instruction execution, requiring additional care in programming. The act of initiating a hardware interrupt is referred to as an ''interrupt request'' - IRQ ↪ {{w|Interrupt descriptor table|IDT}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} on x86. A software interrupt is caused either by an exceptional condition in the processor itself, or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed. The former is often called a ''{{w|Trap (computing)|trap}}'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_trap}}) or ''exception'' and is used for errors or events occurring during program execution that are exceptional enough that they cannot be handled within the program itself. For example, if the processor's arithmetic logic unit is commanded to divide a number by zero, this impossible demand will cause a ''divide-by-zero exception'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|X86_TRAP_DE}}), perhaps causing the computer to abandon the calculation or display an error message. Software interrupt instructions function similarly to subroutine calls and are used for a variety of purposes, such as to request services from low-level system software such as device drivers. For example, computers often use software interrupt instructions to communicate with the disk controller to request data be read or written to the disk. Each interrupt has its own interrupt handler. The number of hardware interrupts is limited by the number of interrupt request (IRQ) lines to the processor, but there may be hundreds of different software interrupts. ⚲ API : /proc/interrupts : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|irqtop}} &ndash; utility to display kernel interrupt information : [https://github.com/Irqbalance/irqbalance irqbalance] &ndash; distribute hardware interrupts across processors on a multiprocessor system : There are many ways to request ISR, two of them : {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}} &ndash; preferable function to allocate an interrupt line for a managed device with a threaded ISR : {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_irq}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_irq}} &ndash; old and common functions to add and remove a handler for an interrupt line : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}} &ndash; main interrupt support header :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}} &ndash; contains handler functions : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqflags.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqs_disabled}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_save}} ... :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_disable}} ... : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdesc.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdomain.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain}} &ndash; hardware interrupt number translation object :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain_get_irq_data}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/msi.h}} &ndash; {{w|Message Signaled Interrupts}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|msi_desc}} : Structure of structures: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}} is container of ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}} :::: irq &ndash; interrupt number ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_common_data}} ::: list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/settings.h}} &ndash; IRQ descriptor status flags : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq}} &ndash; generic IRQ handling :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/internals.h}} &ndash; IRQ subsystem internal functions : ls /sys/kernel/debug/irq/domains/ :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain_ops}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|load_idt}} &ndash; load Interrupt Descriptor Table : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h}} &ndash; interrupt entry/exit definitions : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/hw_irq.h}} &ndash; x86 hardware IRQ definitions :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_entries_start}} &ndash; hardware IRQ entry stubs : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/irq.c}} &ndash; x86 interrupt handling :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} &ndash; handles all normal device IRQs on x86 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|IRQs|core-api/irq}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The irq_domain interrupt number mapping library|core-api/irq/irq-domain.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux generic IRQ handling|core-api/genericirq.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Message Signaled Interrupts: The MSI Driver Guide|PCI/msi-howto.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lock types and their rules|locking/locktypes.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hard IRQ Context|kernel-hacking/locking.html#hard-irq-context}} : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/ Interrupts] 👁 Examples : {{The Linux Kernel/id|dummy_irq_chip}} &ndash; dummy interrupt chip implementation : {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/locking-selftest.c}} &ndash; locking correctness self-tests === IRQ affinity === ⚲ API : /proc/irq/default_smp_affinity : /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity and /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity_list Common types and functions: : struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity}} &ndash; description for automatic irq affinity assignments, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_platform_get_irqs_affinity}} : struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_desc}} &ndash; interrupt affinity descriptor, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_update_affinity_desc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_create_affinity_masks}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_get_affinity_mask}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_can_set_affinity}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_hint}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqd_affinity_is_managed}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_affinity_mask}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_effective_affinity_mask}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_update_effective_affinity}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_notifier}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_notify}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip_set_affinity_parent}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_vcpu_affinity}} 🛠️ Utilities : [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SMP IRQ affinity|core-api/irq/irq-affinity.html}} : [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start#irq_affinity IRQ affinity, LF] : [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=managed_irq @LKML] : [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=irqaffinity= irqaffinity kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=irqaffinity @LKML] === Non-maskable interrupts === ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nmi.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|in_nmi}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|touch_nmi_watchdog}} :: ... : {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/nmi.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/nmi.h}} &ndash; x86 NMI handler registration :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_nmi_handler}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_nmi_handler}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c}} &ndash; x86 NMI handler : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c}} &ndash; NMI IPI self-tests 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NMI Trace Events|trace/events-nmi.html}} 📚 Further reading : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-6.html Non-maskable interrupt handler] (NMI) === ... === 📚 Further reading about interrupts : IDT &ndash; {{w|Interrupt descriptor table}} : [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/ticklesskernel Tickless (Full dynticks)] reduces timer interrupts overhead, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL}} : [https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/lgdt:lidt LGDT/LIDT &ndash; Load Global/Interrupt Descriptor Table Register] asm instruction == Deferred works == === Scheduler context === ==== kthread work ==== This framework simplifies the use of kernel kthreads. A {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} item can be queued with {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} and flushed using {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}. All queued kthread_work items are processed by a dedicated kernel thread executing the {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} function. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} &ndash; contains {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work_func_t}} to execute :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_init_work}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker}} &ndash; links a kthread_work and a task :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run_worker}} &ndash; creates and wakes a kthread worker ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_worker}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_worker}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_destroy_worker}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} &ndash; queues a kthread_work on a kthread_worker ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kthread_create_worker_on_node}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} &ndash; executes work's function 👁 Example usages : {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_kworker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pwq_release_worker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pump_messages}} ==== Threaded IRQ ==== ⚲ API {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}} ISR should return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD to run thread function ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_irq_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_thread}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/manage.c}} &ndash; IRQ request, free and affinity management 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|request_threaded_irq|core-api/genericirq.html#c.request_threaded_irq}} ==== Work and workqueue ==== Generic async execution with shared worker pool. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_WQ_WORKER}} &ndash; workqueue worker process flag : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue_types.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|work_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_WORK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|schedule_work}}, : {{The Linux Kernel/id|delayed_work}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_DELAYED_WORK}}, {{The Linux_Kernel/id|schedule_delayed_work}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cancel_delayed_work_sync}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_struct}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_workqueue}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|destroy_workqueue}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work}} &ndash; queues work on a workqueue : {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_all_workqueues}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_one_workqueue}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|system_power_efficient_wq}} ... 👁 Example usage {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/ftrace/sample-trace-array.c}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/workqueue.c}} &ndash; generic async execution with shared worker pool :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_init}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_worker}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_thread}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|process_one_work}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|format_worker_id}} &ndash; names kworker kthreads :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pool_workqueue}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_pool}} 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Concurrency Managed Workqueue|core-api/workqueue.html}} === Interrupt context === : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq_work.h}} &ndash; framework for enqueueing and running callbacks from hardirq context :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c}} ==== Timers ==== ===== softirq timer ===== This timer is a softirq for periodical tasks with jiffies resolution ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/timer.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_list}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_TIMER}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_setup}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|mod_timer}} &mdash; sets expiration time in jiffies. : {{The Linux Kernel/id|del_timer}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer.c}} &ndash; kernel internal timers :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_bases}} 👁 Examples : {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_enable_softrepeat}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_start_autorepeat}} 📚 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Time and timer routines|driver-api/basics.html#time-and-timer-routines}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|mod_timer_pending ... |driver-api/basics.html#c.mod_timer_pending}} ===== High-resolution timer ===== ⚲ API : /proc/timer_list : /proc/sys/kernel/timer_migration : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer_defs.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer}}, hrtimer.function &mdash; callback : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_init}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_setup}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_start}} &mdash; starts a timer with nanosecond resolution : {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_cancel}} 👁 Examples {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_enable}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/tick-internal.h}} &ndash; tick and timer internal definitions :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_bases}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/hrtimer.c}} &ndash; high-resolution timer implementation : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/itimer.c}} &ndash; interval timers : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer_list.c}} &ndash; /proc/timer_list debugfs 📚 HR timers references : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|High-resolution timers|driver-api/basics.html#high-resolution-timers}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|hrtimers - subsystem for high-resolution kernel timers|timers/hrtimers.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|high resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes|timers/highres.html}} ===== ... ===== 📚 Timers references : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Timers|timers}} : [https://lwn.net/Articles/913568/ Better CPU selection for timer expiration] ==== Tasklet ==== tasklet is a softirq, for time critical operations ⚲ API is deprecated in favor of threaded IRQs: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}} ⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_action_common}} HI_SOFTIRQ, TASKLET_SOFTIRQ ==== Softirq ==== softirq is internal system facility and should not be used directly. Use tasklet or threaded IRQs ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}} : cat /proc/softirqs : {{The Linux Kernel/id|open_softirq}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|softirq_action}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/softirq.c}} &ndash; software interrupt handling 📖 References : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-9.html Introduction to deferred interrupts (Softirq, Tasklets and Workqueues)] : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Timers/ Timers and time management] : [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/deferred_work.html Deferred work, linux-kernel-labs] : [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-device-drivers/0596005903/ch07.html Chapter 7. Time, Delays, and Deferred Work] ==CPU specific== 🖱️ GUI : [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/kinetic/en/man8/tuna.8.html tuna] &ndash; program for tuning running processes ⚲ API : cat /proc/cpuinfo : /sys/devices/system/cpu/ : /sys/devices/system/node/ : /sys/cpu/ : /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/ : grep -i cpu /proc/self/status : [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jammy/man1/rdmsr.1.html rdmsr] &ndash; tool for reading CPU machine specific registers (MSR) : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|lscpu}} &ndash; display information about the CPU architecture : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/arch_topology.h}} &ndash; arch specific cpu topology information : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}} &ndash; generic cpu definition : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_cooling.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_pm.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufeature.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h}} &ndash; x86 CPU feature detection : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/peci-cpu.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cputime.h}} &ndash; cputime accounting APIs : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/clk.h}} &ndash; interfaces for managing hardware clocks in device drivers ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &ndash; CPU driver model subsystem :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}} === Cache === : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cacheflush.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|clflush_cache_range}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cache.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h}} &ndash; x86 cache line size definitions ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c}} &ndash; page attribute table memory type control : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/}} &ndash; memory type range register driver 📚 Further reading : MTRR &ndash; {{w|Memory type range register}} : {{w|CPU cache}} === {{w|Symmetric_multiprocessing|SMP}} === This chapter is about multiprocessing and {{w|Multi-core processor|multi-core}} aspects of Linux kernel. Key concepts and features of Linux SMP include: * Symmetry: In an SMP system, all processors are considered the same without hardware hierarchy in contradiction to use of {{w|coprocessor}}s. * Load balancing: The Linux kernel employs load balancing mechanisms to distribute tasks evenly among available CPU cores. This prevents any one core from becoming overwhelmed while others remain underutilized. * Parallelism: SMP enables parallel processing, where multiple threads or processes can execute simultaneously on different CPU cores. This can significantly improve the execution speed of applications that are designed to take advantage of multiple threads. * Thread scheduling: The Linux kernel scheduler is responsible for determining which threads or processes run on which CPU cores and for how long. It aims to optimize performance by minimizing contention and maximizing CPU utilization. * Shared memory: In an SMP system, all CPU cores typically share the same physical memory space. This allows processes and threads running on different cores to communicate and share data more efficiently. * NUMA &ndash; {{w|Non-Uniform Memory Access}}: In larger SMP systems, memory access times might not be uniform due to the physical arrangement of memory banks and processors. Linux has mechanisms to handle NUMA architectures efficiently, allowing processes to be scheduled on CPUs closer to their associated memory. * Cache coherency: SMP systems require mechanisms to ensure that all CPU cores have consistent views of memory. Cache coherency protocols ensure that changes made to shared memory locations are correctly propagated to all cores. * Scalability: SMP systems can be scaled up to include more CPU cores, enhancing the overall computing power of the system. However, as the number of cores increases, challenges related to memory access, contention, and communication between cores may arise. * Kernel and user space: Linux applications running in user space can take advantage of SMP without needing to be aware of the underlying hardware details. The kernel handles the management of CPU cores and resource allocation. ⚲ API : <code>ps -PLe</code> &ndash; lists threads with processor that the thread last executed on (the third column PSR). : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getcpu}} &ndash; determine CPU and NUMA node on which the calling thread is running : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|chcpu}} &ndash; configure CPUs : {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|CPU_SET}} &ndash; macros for manipulating CPU sets : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smp.h}} :: The most commonly used functions: :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|crash_smp_send_stop}} – halts all CPUs except the calling one in a crash context :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_cpu}} – disables preemption and returns the current processor ID :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu}} – runs a given function on all CPUs, possibly with synchronization :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}} – conditionally runs a function on selected CPUs :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_mask}} – executes a function on a specified set of CPUs :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|panic_smp_self_stop}} – stops the local CPU during a panic while ensuring others halt :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|put_cpu}} – re-enables preemption after a previous get_cpu call :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_smp_processor_id}} – returns the current CPU ID without preemption safety :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_max_cpus}} – sets up the maximum number of CPUs to be brought online :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_func_t}} – typedef for the function signature used in SMP function calls :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function}} – invokes a function on all other CPUs asynchronously :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_any}} – runs a function on any available CPU in a given mask :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_many}} – sends a function call to a specified set of CPUs :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single}} – sends a function to execute on a single target CPU :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single_async}} – queues a function to run asynchronously on one CPU :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_on_cpu}} – executes a function on a specific CPU and waits for the result :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_init}} – initializes core SMP structures and state during boot :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_boot_cpu}} – prepares the boot CPU during early SMP initialization :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} – prepares all CPUs for booting before secondary CPUs are started :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_processor_id}} – returns the ID of the current CPU with preemption checks :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_reschedule}} – sends a reschedule interrupt to a target CPU :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_stop}} – stops all other CPUs in response to critical events :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wake_up_all_idle_cpus}} – wakes all idle CPUs to ensure prompt task execution : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/group_cpus.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|group_cpus_evenly}} &ndash; groups all CPUs evenly per NUMA/CPU locality : {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/percpu.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-defs.h}} &ndash; basic definitions for percpu areas :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|this_cpu_ptr}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-refcount.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-rwsem.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/preempt.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_disable}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_enable}} : /sys/bus/cpu : [[#per_CPU_local_lock|per CPU local_lock]] : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/topology.h}} &ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_to_node}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h}} &ndash; x86 NUMA and CPU topology : See also [[../../Memory#NUMA|NUMA memory section]] ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_init}} activates the first CPU : {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} initializes rest CPUs during boot : {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_number}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SMP}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NUMA}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/percpu.h}} : IPI &ndash; {{w|Inter-processor interrupt}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/ipi.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/irq/ipi.c}} &ndash; inter-processor interrupt helpers :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_single}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_mask}} ... :: {{The Linux Kernel/file|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &ndash; CPU driver model subsystem support :: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/cpu.c}} &ndash; CPU hotplug state machine : smpboot :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &ndash; x86 SMP booting : {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/group_cpus.c}} &ndash; distribute CPUs evenly across groups 🛠️ Utilities : [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs : {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|numactl}} &ndash; controls NUMA policy for processes or shared memory 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Per-CPU Data|kernel-hacking/locking.html#per-cpu-data}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs|admin-guide/cputopology.html}} 📚 Further reading : [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/monitoring_and_managing_system_status_and_performance/customizing-tuned-profiles_monitoring-and-managing-system-status-and-performance#functionalities-of-the-scheduler-tuned-plug-in_customizing-tuned-profiles Functionalities of the scheduler TuneD plugin] : [https://man.archlinux.org/man/tuned-adm.8 tuned-adm] &ndash; command line tool for switching between different tuning profiles ==== CPU affinity ==== Affinity refers to assigning a process or thread to specific CPU cores. This helps control which CPUs execute tasks, potentially improving performance by reducing data movement between cores. It can be managed using system calls or commands. Affinity can be represented as CPU bitmask: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} or CPU affinity list: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpulist_parse}}. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|taskset}} &ndash; set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity : grep Cpus_allowed /proc/self/status : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setaffinity}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getaffinity}} &ndash; set and get a thread's CPU affinity mask :: ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_setaffinity}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpus_allowed_ptr}} &ndash; common kernel function to change a task's affinity mask : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_rmap.h}} &ndash; CPU affinity reverse-map support : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask_types.h}} :: struct cpumask, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} &ndash; CPUs bitmap, can be very big :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_var_t}} &ndash; type for local cpumask variable, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_cpumask_var}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_cpumask_var}}. : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask.h}} &ndash; Cpumasks provide a bitmap suitable for representing the set of CPU's in a system, one bit position per CPU number :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_possible_cpu}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|num_online_cpus}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_set_cpu}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_test_cpu}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_cpu}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_mask}} &ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_allowed}} &ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset}} 📚 Further reading : {{w|Processor affinity}} : {{w|Affinity mask}} ==== CPU hotplug ==== CPU hotplugging in Linux refers to the ability to dynamically add or remove CPUs from the system without needing a reboot. This feature is crucial in environments requiring high availability and resource flexibility, such as data centers, virtualized systems, and systems that use power management aggressively. 🗝️ Acronyms : BP &ndash; Bootstrap Processor : AP &ndash; Application Processor ⚲ API : /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online : /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/hotplug/ : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_cpu}} ... : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhotplug.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &ndash; CPU hotplug states :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state}} ... &ndash; setups hotplug state callbacks ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_multi}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}} &ndash; CPU hotplug locking :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_read_lock}} ... :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remove_cpu}} ... ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cpu.c}} &ndash; CPU hotplug state machine :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &ndash; from CPUHP_OFFLINE to CPUHP_AP_ACTIVE and CPUHP_ONLINE. :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_hp_states}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_hotplug_init}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_threads_init}} :: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_invoke_callback_range}} ... : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/cpuhotplug.c}} &ndash; IRQ migration on CPU hotunplug : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &ndash; CPU subsystem support :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}} ::: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_subsys_online}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/cpuhp.h}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}} 👁️ Examples : {{The Linux Kernel/id|torture_onoff}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/sched_ext/hotplug.c}} &ndash; sched_ext CPU hotplug test 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug in the Kernel|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Introduction|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#introduction}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Command Line Switches|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#command-line-switches}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU maps|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-maps}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using CPU hotplug|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#using-cpu-hotplug}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug coordination|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-coordination}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug API|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-api}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug state machine|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-hotplug-state-machine}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU online/offline operations|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-online-offline-operations}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocating a state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#allocating-a-state}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Setup of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#setup-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Removal of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#removal-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Instance state instance management|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#multi-instance-state-instance-management}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Examples|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#examples}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Testing of hotplug states|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#testing-of-hotplug-states}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Architecture’s requirements|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#architecture-s-requirements}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Notification|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#user-space-notification}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Inline Documentations Reference|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#kernel-inline-documentations-reference}} 📚 Further reading : [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=cpu%2Donline stress-ng --cpu-online] : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_HOTPLUG_STATE_CONTROL}} &ndash; enables the ability to write incremental steps between "offline" and "online" states to the CPU's sysfs target file, allowing for more granular control of state transitions. :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|target_store}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_up}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_down}} : [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=cpuhotplug+OR+cpuhp cpuhotplug, cpuhp @LKML] ==== CPU isolation ==== CPU isolation ensures that specific tasks run on dedicated CPUs, reducing contention and latency. '''Housekeeping''' CPUs refer to the CPUs that are reserved for various '''system''' tasks. See {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}}. '''Isolated''' CPUs are dedicated to '''real-time''' applications, such as DPDK. ⚲ API : /sys/devices/system/cpu/isolated : /sys/devices/system/cpu/nohz_full : [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=cpuset.cpus.isolated /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset.cpus.isolated] : [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=Partition%20root%20without%20load%20balancing /sys/fs/cgroup/.../cpuset.cpus.partition] : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/isolation.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}} &ndash; housekeeping type :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_cpumask}} &ndash; returns CPUs available for housekeeping of a given type :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuset.h}} &ndash; cpuset interface : {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cpuset}} &ndash; confine processes to processor and memory node subsets ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_ISOLATION}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/isolation.c}} &ndash; housekeeping CPU management ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_update}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPUSETS}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c}} &ndash; cpuset cgroup controller ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init_smp}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|isolated_cpus}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_add}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_del}} 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU lists in command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html#cpu-lists}} :: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz_full= '''nohz_full'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for tick, wq, timer, rcu, misc, and kthread in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_nohz_full_setup}} :: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=isolcpus '''isolcpus'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=domain%20isolation domain] (by default), [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz nohz], and [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq] in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_isolcpus_setup}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Housekeeping|core-api/housekeeping.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NO_HZ: Reducing Scheduling-Clock Ticks|timers/no_hz.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v2|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpuset}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.html}} 📚 Further reading : [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lomUhSS82s CPU Isolation state of the art, LPC'23] : [https://lpc.events/event/19/contributions/2219/ CPU Isolation and IPI interference, LPC'25] : [https://www.suse.com/c/cpu-isolation-introduction-part-1/ CPU Isolation] : [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=isolcpus isolcpus @LKML] : [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=housekeeping housekeeping @LKML] : [https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/#explicitly-reserved-cpu-list Explicitly Reserved CPU List, Kubernetes Documentation] : [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start CPU Partitioning] : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scheduler Domains|scheduler/sched-domains.html}} &ndash; the Scheduler balances CPUs (scheduling groups) within a sched domain : [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=nohz_full nohz_full @LKML] 💾 Historical since v7.0 : {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_cpu_is_isolated}} &ndash; removed, use {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}} instead === Runtime code patching === The kernel patches its own machine code at boot or runtime to optimize hot paths. Static keys patch a {{w|NOP_(code)|NOP}} to a jump (or vice versa); static calls patch indirect calls to direct calls; alternatives replace instructions based on CPU features. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/jump_label.h}} &ndash; static keys :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE}} &ndash; define a key, initially false :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_unlikely}} &ndash; zero-cost branch check (NOP when key is false) :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_enable}} &ndash; patch all sites to take the branch (expensive, rare use) : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/static_call.h}} &ndash; static calls :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_CALL}} &ndash; define a call site with initial target function :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call}} &ndash; invoke the patched direct call :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call_update}} &ndash; change target function, patch all sites : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &ndash; alternatives :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ALTERNATIVE}} &ndash; replace instructions at boot based on CPU features :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h}} &ndash; X86_FEATURE_* flags ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/jump_label.c}} &ndash; static key patching core :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c}} &ndash; x86 static key patching : {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/static_call_inline.c}} &ndash; static call core :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/static_call.c}} &ndash; x86 static call patching : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &ndash; runtime instruction patching :: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c}} &ndash; x86 alternatives engine 👁 Examples : {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_overridden}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_schedule}} : tracepoints 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Static Keys|staging/static-keys.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86 CPU feature flags|arch/x86/cpuinfo.html}} === {{w|Memory barrier}}s === Memory barriers (MB) are synchronization mechanisms used to ensure proper ordering of memory operations in a SMP environment. They play a crucial role in maintaining the consistency and correctness of data shared among different CPU cores or processors. MBs prevent unexpected and potentially harmful reordering of memory access instructions by the compiler or CPU, which can lead to data corruption and race conditions in a concurrent software system. ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|membarrier}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/barrier.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|wmb}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_wmb}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h}} &ndash; x86 memory barrier instructions : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/membarrier.c}} &ndash; membarrier system call 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory barriers|core-api/wrappers/memory-barriers.html}} === States === C-states and P-states are features in modern CPUs designed to improve energy efficiency. 🗝️ Acronyms : [https://uefi.org/htmlspecs/ACPI_Spec_6_4_html/08_Processor_Configuration_and_Control/processor-power-states.html C-states] &ndash; CPU(?) states, aka idle states : EPP &ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Performance Preference|admin-guide/pm/amd-pstate.html#energy-performance-preference-epp-rw}} : HWP &ndash; hardware-managed P-states, see [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=hwp_only hwp_only] : [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/socwatch/user-guide/2020/p-state.html P-states] &ndash; Performance states, see CPU Power and frequency scaling ⚲ API : [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower] 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Working-State Power Management|admin-guide/pm/working-state.html}} : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management ==== Idle ==== C-states, {{w|ACPI#Processor_states|power states}}: : C0 &ndash; the operating state. : C1 (aka Halt) &ndash; the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state instantaneously. : C2 (aka Stop-Clock) &ndash; the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up. : C3 (aka Sleep) &ndash; takes longer to wake up. : ... ⚲ API : turbostat --show CPU --quiet -n 1 --interval 0.1 --show sysfs : [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=idle= idle=] : /dev/cpu_dma_latency &ndash; see {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpu_dma_latency}} : C-states interfaces: :: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/ :: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/ :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuidle.h}} &ndash; a generic framework for CPU idle power management :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_idle CPU Idle Time Management Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_idle.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}} ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpuidle}} &ndash; CPU idle governors and drivers : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power/qos.c}} &ndash; PM quality of service :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_latency_qos_miscdev}} &ndash; implementation of /dev/cpu_dma_latency 📖 References :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Idle Time Management|admin-guide/pm/cpuidle.html}} 📚 Further reading :: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-cpuidle : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM Quality Of Service Interface|power/pm_qos_interface.html}} ==== Power and frequency ==== P-states, {{w|ACPI#Performance_state|performance states}}: : P0 &ndash; maximum power and frequency : Pn &ndash; less power and frequency : ... ⚲ API : Reliable measurement of actual CPU frequency :: [https://manpages.debian.org/testing/linux-cpupower/turbostat.8.en.html turbostat] --quiet --show CPU,Bzy_MHz -n 1 --interval 0.1 ::: Bzy_MHz &ndash; average clock rate while the CPU was not idle (ie. in "c0" state). : [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=intel_pstate intel_pstate=] :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}} : [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=cpufreq.default_governor cpufreq.default_governor=] : P-states interfaces: :: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/ :: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/ ::: scaling_cur_freq &ndash; unreliable assumption on CPU frequency :: /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/ :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufreq.h}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cpufreq.h}} &ndash; interface between cpufreq drivers and the scheduler ⚙️ Internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpufreq}} &ndash; CPU frequency scaling drivers :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|intel_pstate}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/id|acpi_cpufreq_driver}} : {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c}} &ndash; implementation of cpufreq.default_governor=schedutil : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_epb.c}} &ndash; Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint support 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Performance Scaling|admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Frequency Scaling|driver-api/devfreq.html}} : [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt CPUFreq Governor] : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUFreq - CPU frequency and voltage scaling|cpu-freq}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint|admin-guide/pm/intel_epb.html}} : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate CPU Performance Scaling Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|General Information|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#general-information}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Operation Modes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#operation-modes}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode}} <!-- :::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode With HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-with-hwp}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-performance}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-powersave}} :::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode Without HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-without-hwp}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#performance}} ::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#powersave}} --> ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Passive Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#passive-mode}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Turbo P-states Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#turbo-p-states-support}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Processor Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#processor-support}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Support for Hybrid Processors|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#support-for-hybrid-processors}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hybrid Processors with SMT|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hybrid-processors-with-smt}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Capacity-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#capacity-aware-scheduling-support}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-aware-scheduling-support}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Interface in sysfs|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#user-space-interface-in-sysfs}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Global Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#global-attributes}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Interpretation of Policy Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#interpretation-of-policy-attributes}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Coordination of P-State Limits|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#coordination-of-p-state-limits}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy vs Performance Hints|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-vs-performance-hints}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate vs acpi-cpufreq|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#intel-pstate-vs-acpi-cpufreq}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Diagnostics and Tuning|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#diagnostics-and-tuning}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Trace Events|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#trace-events}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ftrace|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#ftrace}} <!-- end of intel_pstate.html --> 📚 Further reading : https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Frequency_scaling : [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CPU_frequency_scaling CPU frequency scaling] : {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/device-drivers|cpufreq}} : [https://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_use_cpufrequtils How to use cpufrequtils] :: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-info cpufreq-info] :: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-set cpufreq-set] : https://github.com/intel/power-optimization-library : https://github.com/intel/kubernetes-power-manager === Architectures === Linux CPU architectures refer to the different types of central processing units (CPUs) that are compatible with the Linux operating system. Linux is designed to run on a wide range of CPU architectures, which allows it to be utilized on various devices, from smartphones to servers and supercomputers. Each architecture has its own unique features, advantages, and design considerations. Architectures are classified by family (e.g. x86, ARM), {{w|Word (computer architecture)|word}} or {{w|Integer_(computer_science)#Long_integer|long int}} size (e.g. {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_32BIT}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_64BIT}}). Some functions with different implementations for different CPU architectures: : {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_boot_cpu}} > {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_secondary}} > {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_init}} : {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_arch}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_current}}, {{Linux ident|current}} ⚲ API : {{The Linux Kernel/id|BITS_PER_LONG}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__BITS_PER_LONG}}, ⚙️ Arch internals : {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch}} &ndash; architecture-specific code :: '''x86''' ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86}} &ndash; x86 architecture support ::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/platform/x86}} &ndash; x86 platform drivers ::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-x86 ::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-intel-pt}} &ndash; support for Intel Processor Trace within perf :: '''ARM''' ::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_ARM}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM Architecture|arch/arm}} ::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-ARM ::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm64}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM64 Architecture|arm64}} : [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.html architecture-specific initialization] 📖 References : {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Architectures|arch}} :: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86-specific|arch/x86}} ::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86_64 Support|arch/x86/x86_64}} {{BookCat}} ah6rw1lfoleffaplcibiqaw2ta4t5n3 0 475664 4641048 4624313 2026-06-24T04:03:08Z Ewen 19329 /* Oxidation states */ Format and a few new comments 4641048 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== A d-block element is an element which has at least one s-electron and at least one d-electron but no p-electrons in its outer shell. === Electronic configuration === The outer electronic configuration of elements in the first row of the d-block is as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | Sc [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | | | | |- | Ti [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | | | |- | V [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr [Ar] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Mn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Fe [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Co [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Ni [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu [Ar] | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- | Zn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- |} Note the unusual structures of chromium and copper. The 4s and 3d subshells are very similar in energy and therefore it is easy to promote electrons from the 4s into the 3d orbitals. In chromium the 4s¹ 3d⁵ structure is adopted because the repulsion between two paired electrons in the 4s orbital is more than the energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells. It is thus more stable to have unpaired electrons in the higher energy 3d orbital than paired electrons in the lower energy 4s orbital. In copper and zinc the 3d subshell is actually lower in energy than the 4s subshell. The 3d orbitals are thus filled before the 4s orbital. Thus copper adopts a 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ configuration. In all ions of d-block elements, the 3d subshell is lower in energy than the 4s subshell so the 4s electrons are always removed first. 3d electrons are only removed after all 4s electrons have been removed. Some examples of electronic configurations of transition metal ions are shown below: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Ion ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | V²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr³⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Fe²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- |} === Oxidation states === The oxidation state formed by an element in its compounds is determined by the maximum number of electrons it can lose without requiring so much energy to remove the electrons that the energy cannot be recovered in bonding. s-block elements only form one stable oxidation state in their compounds. They lose all their valence electrons easily but cannot lose any more electrons since there is a large amount of energy required to remove the electrons from the inner shell. This jump in energy is best shown graphically: [[File:Ei Na.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of sodium plotted on log scale]] [[File:Ei Mg.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of magnesium plotted on log scale]] Na always adopts the +1 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a large jump between the first and the second ionisation energies. Mg always adopts the +2 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a small jump between the first and the second ionisation energies but a very large jump between the second and third ionisation energies. In the d-block elements, however, there are often a large number of valence electrons and removing them all would require so much energy that it would be unfeasible. It is usually only possible to remove some of the valence electrons. All d-block elements can give up their 4s electrons fairly easily but the d-electrons are harder to remove. Moreover, since the successive ionisation energies of d-electrons increase steadily, it is difficult to predict how many can be lost. This effect can be shown graphically by considering the successive ionisation energies of an element such as manganese: [[File:Ei Mn.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of manganese plotted on log scale]] The ionisation energies increase steadily after the removal of the 4s electrons. It turns out that the energy required to remove the 3d electrons is sometimes recovered in bonding, but not always. The number of 3d electrons removed thus varies from compound to compound d-block metals are thus able to adopt a variety of oxidation states. The oxidation states most commonly formed by the first-row d-block elements are as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! +1 ! +2 ! +3 ! +4 ! +5 ! +6 ! +7 |- | Sc | | | +3 (d⁰) | | | | |- | Ti | | | +3 (d¹) | +4 (d⁰) | | | |- | V | | +2 (d³) | +3 (d²) | +4 (d¹) | +5 (d⁰) | | |- | Cr | | | +3 (d³) | | | +6 (d⁰) | |- | Mn | | +2 (d⁵) | +3 (d⁴) | +4 (d³) | | +6 (d¹) | +7 (d⁰) |- | Fe | | +2 (d⁶) | +3 (d⁵) | | | | |- | Co | | +2 (d⁷) | +3 (d⁶) | | | | |- | Ni | | +2 (d⁸) | | | | | |- | Cu | +1 (d¹⁰) | +2 (d⁹) | | | | | |- | Zn | | +2 (d¹⁰) | | | | | |- |} It is sometimes possible to remove all 3d electrons to form a d⁰ configuration. However for elements beyond manganese it is unusual to find an oxidation state containing fewer than 5 3d electrons. The d⁵ configuration is quite stable because paired d-electrons can be removed to reach d⁵ but unpaired electrons must be removed to reach d⁴. Unpaired electrons are harder to remove because there is less repulsion between the electrons. Note that scandium only forms +3 ions (d⁰). This is because the low effective nuclear charge on scandium enables all three valence electrons to be removed fairly easily. Note also that zinc only forms +2 ions (d¹⁰). This is because the high effective nuclear charge on zinc prevents any 3d electrons from being removed. All the other elements form at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals, and it is this property which defines a transition metal. '''A transition metal is a metal which forms at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals.''' Since zinc and scandium do not share this property, they are not transition metals, and indeed do not show many of the properties generally attributed to transition metals. They are however still classified as d-block elements. The first row d-block elements which are also transition metals are therefore titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Some definitions of transition metals includes ''atoms'' with partially filled d orbitals, which adds scandium to the set. ==Complex Ions== A complex ion is an ion comprising one or more ligands attached to a central metal cation by means of a dative covalent bond. A ligand is a species which can use its lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a transition metal. Examples of ligands are H₂O:, :NH₃, :Cl^-, :OH^-, :CN^-, Cations which form complex ions must have two features: - they must have a high charge density, and thus be able to attract electrons from ligands. - they must have empty orbitals of low energy, so that they can accept the lone pair of electrons from the ligands. Cations of d-block metals are small, have a high charge and have available empty 3d and 4s orbitals of low energy. They thus form complex ions readily. The number of lone pairs of electrons which a cation can accept is known as the coordination number of the cation. It depends on the size and electronic configuration of that cation, and also on the size and charge of the ligand. 6 is the most common coordination number, although 4 and 2 are also known. Examples of complex ions are [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [CoCl₄]^2-, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Note that the formula of the ion is always written inside square brackets with the overall charge written outside the brackets. ===Shapes of complex ions=== 6-coordinate complexes are all octahedral, and are formed with small ligands such as H₂O and NH₃. Examples: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺; [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ They can be drawn as shown below: {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} 4-coordinate complexes are generally tetrahedral, and are formed with larger ligands such as Cl^-. Larger ligands cannot fit around the transition metal so easily and hence form smaller complexes. They can be drawn as shown above. Examples: [CoCl₄]^2-; [CuCl₄]^2- 2-coordinate complexes are in general linear, and are formed with Ag⁺ ions. They can be drawn as follows: [[File:Silver(I) diammine cation ion structure.png|frameless|upright=0.5|centre|DiAmmineSilver(I) cation structure]] The rules covering the likely coordination number of transition metal complexes are: a) Silver ions form linear complexes with a coordination number of 2; b) Chloride ions and other large ions form tetrahedral complexes with a coordination number of 4; c) Most other transition metal complexes are octahedral with a coordination number of 6. ===Representation of metal salts=== When metal ions are in solution, they are usually represented as the simple ion, such as Fe²⁺(aq), Co²⁺(aq), Cr³⁺(aq) or Fe²⁺(aq). This is, however, a simplified representation as all d-block cations and many other cations with high polarising power exist as the hexaaqua complex, e.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺. E.g. FeSO₄(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and SO₄^2- ions E.g. Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and SO₄^2- ions E.g. CuCl₂(aq) consists of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and Cl^- ions Many complex ions exist in the solid state. In these cases the ligands are often written after the rest of the compound, separated by a dot: E.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]SO₄(s) is generally written FeSO₄·6H₂O(s) E.g. [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃(s) is generally written CrCl₃·6H₂O(s) The dot does not always, however, mean that there are ligands present; some salts contain water of crystallisation, where the water is not a ligand but a link between the ions. E.g. in Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, the water molecules are not behaving as ligands, but as water molecules of crystallisation. E.g. in CuSO₄·5H₂O, four of the water molecules are behaving as ligands, and the fifth as a water molecule of crystallisation: [Cu(H₂O)₄]SO₄·H₂O === Chemical properties of complex ions === ==== Polarising Power ==== The effect of ligands in a complex ion is to significantly stabilise the metal cation by increasing its size and hence reducing its polarising power. Many compounds which are covalent in the anhydrous state are actually ionic in the hydrated state: E.g. FeCl₃(s) is covalent but FeCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. E.g. AlCl₃(s) is covalent but AlCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. ====Precipitation reactions==== The properties of anions are also changed if they are behaving as ligands in a complex ion. In particular, they are much less readily precipitated by cations. For example, AgNO₃(aq) will form a precipitate of AgCl if added to a solution of copper(II) chloride, [Cu(H₂O)₄]Cl₂ but not from sodium tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Na₂[CoCl₄]. BaCl₂(aq) will form a precipitate of BaSO₄ if added to a solution of [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]SO₄ but not with [Cr(H₂O)₅SO₄]Cl. ==== Heating ==== The properties of molecules also changes if they are behaving as ligands. In particular, they are much less readily removed by heating. For example, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to Na₂CO₃(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C. FeSO₄·6H₂O(s), however, can only be dehydrated to FeSO₄(s) by strong heating at 150 °C, since the water is strongly bonded to the Fe²⁺ as a ligand. CuSO₄·5H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to CuSO₄·4H₂O(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C, and to CuSO₄ by strong heating at 100 °C. One of the water molecules is a molecule of crystallisation but the others are ligands. === Multidentate ligands === Some ligands are capable of forming more than one dative covalent bond per ligand. Examples are ethanedioate (C₂O₄^2-) and 1,2-diaminoethane (H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂), both of which donate 2 lone pairs per ligand and are said to be bidentate. One unusual ligand, known as edta^4-, can form 6 dative covalent bonds per ligand. It is thus said to be hexadentate. Ligands such as H₂O, Cl^- and CN^- form only one dative covalent bond per ligand and are said to be unidentate. With polydentate ligands it often appears that the coordination number of the complex is 1 or 3, when in fact the coordination number is 6 as normal - it is just that each ligand is bonded twice. Some examples of these complex ions are shown below: [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]^3- [Cr(H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂)3]³⁺ [Cu(edta)]^2- ===Colour in Transition Metal Complexes=== [[File:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|800px]] ''Above: Aqueous solutions of (left to right): cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO₃)₂ (red); potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange); potassium chromate, K₂CrO₄ (yellow); nickel(II) chloride, NiCl₂ (green); copper(II) sulfate, CuSO₄ (blue); potassium permanganate, KMnO₄ (violet).'' [[w:Transition metals|Transition metals]] form complex ions – the metal binds to small molecules or anions called ligands. The ligands allow the electrons of the metal ion to enter an excited state if the electrons absorb a photon of visible light. When a cation forms a complex ion, the incoming ligands repel the electrons in the atom, and thus they are raised in energy. Some of the d-orbitals, however, are repelled more than others and the result is that the d-orbitals are split into 2 groups of orbitals, with three orbitals being slightly lower in energy than the other two. The difference in energy between these groups of orbitals is similar to the energy of visible light. The energy of the light is related to the frequency of the light by the equation ''E'' = ''hf''. If these d-orbitals are partially filled, some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals are excited into the higher energy orbitals, and in doing so absorb the light that corresponds to that frequency. The resultant light is deficient in the light of that frequency and thus appears coloured. So, transition metal ions are coloured because d-electrons can absorb light and get excited into higher energy d-orbitals. The resultant light is thus missing certain frequencies and is hence coloured. {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} [[File:Copper(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|400px|centre|Copper(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol dm^-3. The dilute solutions are blue [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ whereas the concentrated solutions are green [CuCl₄]^2-.]] [[File:Cu(NH3)4(OH)2.png|thumb|250px|centre|Addition of excess ammonia to copper(II) solutions gives the TetraAmmineDiAquaCopper(II) ion [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]. Replacing the original H₂O ligands with NH₃ produces the intense blue colour.]] The partially-occupied d-orbitals of transition metal compounds are important in giving colour to transition metal complexes. See diagram (which could represent V²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, etc.): [[Image:Ligand field splitting.png|centre|400px]] ①. In an uncomplexed ion, all the d-orbitals have the same energy. ②. When ligands surround the ion, the negative charges of the ligands make the d-orbitals less stable (higher energy). ③. Critically, the ligands will come closer to some d-orbitals than to others. Typically, two or three of the orbitals will be destabilised more than the remainder. An electron in one of the lower d-orbitals can acquire the energy to be excited into a higher d-orbital: [[Image:Excitation in TM complex.png|centre|400px]] This mechanism allows transition metal complexes to absorb photons of visible light. Note that two criteria must be satisfied if the ion is to be coloured: * there must be a splitting of the d-orbitals. This only happens in the presence of ligands and thus only complex ions are coloured. Anhydrous ions do not have split d-orbitals and so cannot absorb light in the visible spectrum and are thus white. E.g. anhydrous CuSO₄ (d⁹) is white but hydrated CuSO₄.5H₂O is blue. * the d-orbitals must be partially filled. If the d-orbitals are empty (E.g. Sc³⁺, Al³⁺) then there are no electrons which can be excited into the higher energy d-orbitals and the ions will be colourless. If the d-orbitals are full (E.g. Cu⁺, Zn²⁺) then there are no empty orbitals into which the electrons can be excited and the ions will be colourless. d⁰ and d¹⁰ compounds ''can'' be coloured, but the mechanism (charge-transfer) is beyond the A-level specification. Examples: Cu₂O, MnO₄^-, Cr₂O₇^2- [[File:BenedicT.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Using Benedict's Reagent to test for aldehydes: The blue copper(II) citrate ([CuC₆H₅O₇]^–, left) is converted to red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O, right). The intermediate colours are mixtures of copper(II) and copper(I)oxide.]] ==== Use of colour in analysis of complex ions ==== The colour of a complex ion depends on: * the ligand * the coordination number * the oxidation state of the metal * the identity of the metal As transition metal ions can show a huge variety of colours, it is often possible to identify a complex ion simply by its colour. It is also possible to determine the concentration of a solution containing a coloured ion using a technique called ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry ("UV-Vis"). As the absorbance of a solution is proportional to its concentration, the concentration of any solution can be determined by comparing its absorbance to the absorbance of a solution of known concentration. The technique can be summarised as follows: a) A solution containing a known concentration of the ion is prepared, and a suitable ligand is added in excess in order to intensify the colour (thiocyanate ions, SCN^-, are often used for this purpose). b) A sample of the solution is placed into a cuvette in a colorimeter and the filter which gives the maximum absorbance is selected. c) The absorbance of the solution is recorded. d) This process is repeated using a range of other known concentrations, and a graph is plotted of absorbance against concentration. d) The solution of unknown concentration is mixed with an excess of the same ligand to intensify the colour. e) The absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration is then recorded using the same filter. f) The concentration of this solution can then be determined from the concentration-absorbance graph. === Other applications of transition metal complexes === ==== Haemoglobin ==== Another important complex ion involving multidentate ligands is haemoglobin. Haem is a complex ion consisting Fe²⁺ and a complex tetradentate ligand called porphyrin. The complex is generally found with a protein called globin, which provides the fifth coordinate bond, and a molecule of oxygen which forms the sixth bond. The complete six coordinate complex is called haemoglobin. This structure is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood throughout the human body. Fe²⁺ + porphyrin → haem haem + globin + O₂ → haemoglobin Carbon monoxide is a similar size and shape to oxygen and forms a much stronger bond with the iron. It thus displaces the oxygen from the complex and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. It is thus a very poisonous gas. ==== cisplatin ==== The square planar complex cisplatin has the following structure: It kills cancerous cells and now widely used in cancer treatment. ==== Tests for aldehydes and halide ions ==== DiAmmineSilver(I) has the formula [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and is the active ion in Tollens' reagent. It is reduced to silver by reducing sugars and aldehydes (but not ketones). It produces a characteristic silver mirror on the side of the test-tube and this is used as the basis of the test for aldehydes. It is also formed in the test for halide ions in solution. The silver halides are insoluble in water but AgCl and AgBr will dissolve in ammonia due to the formation of the DiAmmineSilver(I) complex: AgCl(s) + 2 NH₃(dilute) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgBr(s) + 2 NH₃(conc) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== photography ==== Silver bromide, AgBr, is the substance on photographic film. In the presence of light, it decomposes into silver and bromine: 2 AgBr → 2 Ag(s) + Br₂(l). The unreacted AgBr is removed when sodium thiosulfate is added. This forms a complex with the AgBr and washes it off the film, leaving only the silver metal on the film. The result is the negative image. AgBr(s) + 2 S₂O₃^2-(aq) → [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== Electroplating ==== Metals such as silver and gold generally occur native, but in very impure form. They can be extracted using cyanide ions which form stable complexes with silver and gold. The Ag is oxidised to Ag⁺ and then complexed as [Ag(CN)₂]^-. This complex is widely used in electroplating. To coat another object with silver, place the metal object to be coated at the cathode and use [Ag(CN)₂]^- as the electrolyte. The complex breaks up, Ag+ ions move to the cathode and the object is coated with a layer of silver. ==Transition Metals as Catalysts== The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that they can accept and lose electrons easily. This enables them to catalyse certain redox reactions. They can be readily oxidised and reduced again, or reduced and then oxidised again, as a consequence of having a number of different oxidation states of similar stability. They can behave either as homogeneous catalysts or as heterogeneous catalysts. === How a catalyst works === A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction with itself being chemically unchanged at the end. A catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction by providing an alternative route. An extra step is introduced. Because the activation energy is lower, more particles have enough energy to react when they collide and so the fraction of successful collisions is higher. === Homogeneous catalysis === A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis involves aqueous transition metal ions catalysing reactions, often between two anions. The cation reacts with each anion in turn, thus avoiding the need for a direct collision between two anions (this is difficult since they repel each other). E.g. S₂O₈^2-(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 SO₄^2-(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) This can be catalysed by Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ ions: With Fe²⁺: S₂O₈2-(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq) → 2 SO₄2-(aq) + 2 Fe3+(aq) 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>-(aq) → 2 Fe2+(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) With Fe³⁺: 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) :2 Fe²⁺(aq) + S₂O₈^2-(aq) → 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 SO₄^2-(aq) E.g. 2 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 10 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(l) This is a good example of auto-catalysis. One of the products in this reaction, Mn²⁺(aq), behaves as a catalyst and thus the reaction is slow at first but is much faster after a little of the products are formed. === Heterogeneous catalysis === Heterogeneous catalysts react by allowing the reactant molecules to bond to the surface of the metal, usually by attracting the surface electrons. The reaction takes place at the surface, and the transition metal regains electrons as the products leave. The reaction is catalysed because the reactant molecules spend more time in contact with each other than they would in the absence of a catalyst. E.g. hydrogenation of ethene ==== Physical adsorption and chemisorption ==== The molecules usually bond to the surface of the metal using intermolecular forces such as Van der Waal’s forces. This is known as physical adsorption. Sometimes they actually form a covalent bond with the metal. This is known as chemisorption. An ideal heterogeneous catalyst adsorbs fairly strongly but not too strongly. If it adsorbs too weakly (like silver) the reactant molecules do not spend enough time in contact with each other. If they adsorb too strongly (like tungsten) the products do not leave the metal surface quickly enough and this slows the reaction down. The most useful catalysts are those which adsorb moderately. As the strength of absorption tends to decrease from left to right along the Periodic Table, the most effective catalysts tend to be the transition metals in the middle, like V, Fe and Ni. ==== Examples of heterogeneous catalysts ==== Examples of heterogenous catalysts are; Fe in the production of ammonia, V2O5 in the contact process and Pt or Ni in the hydrogenation of ethene. i) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) Fe catalyst ii) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g) V₂O₅ catalyst iii) C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₆(g) Pt/Ni catalyst iv) 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) ⇌ N₂(g) + 2 CO₂(g) Rh catalyst The catalytic converter converts toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide and nitrogen. ==== Surface area ==== The catalyst needs to have a large surface area to be effective. This means it needs to be very thinly spread out, and might need a special support. Catalytic converters in cars use rhodium (Rh) on a special ceramic support ==== Catalyst poisoning ==== Heterogeneous catalysts can be poisoned by impurities, which are often present in the raw materials used. These impurities bond very strongly to the catalyst surface and block it. The activity of iron in the Haber process is reduced by sulfur, present in iron as an impurity so it is essential that as much sulfur as possible is removed during the Basic Oxygen Process. The efficiency of catalytic converters in cars is reduced by lead, which bonds permanently to the rhodium surface. This has lead to the increased use of unleaded petrol. == Redox Chemistry of Some Transition Elements == Since transition metals show a variety of transition states in their compounds, much of their chemistry is dominated by movement between these transition states. When the oxidation state changes, the colour changes as the electron distribution in the d-orbitals is different. The colour is also affected by the ligands involved, as the type of ligand affects the amount of splitting in the d-orbitals. === Iron === Iron exists in two common oxidation states, +2 (Fe²⁺) and +3 (Fe³⁺). In aqueous solution, the Fe is readily oxidised from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺: : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- The Fe²⁺ ion is thus a reducing agent. Concentrations of Fe³⁺ in solution can be determined by titration with oxidising agents. === Manganese === Manganese can exist in a number of oxidation states, but is most stable in an oxidation state of +2, +4 or +7 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +7 ! +4 ! +2 |- | Colour: | purple | brown or black | pale pink |- | Ion/compound: | MnO₄^- | MnO₂ | Mn²⁺ |- |} [[File:Potassium permanganate solutions 1.JPG|thumb|centre|300px|Potassium manganate(VII) solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 300 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3.]] [[File:Manganese(II)-sulfate-photo.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink colour, even in its pure form.]] In the +7 oxidation state it exists as the intense purple ion MnO₄^-. This can be reduced to the pale pink Mn²⁺ by Fe²⁺ in acidic solution: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e_- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) In titrations, excess MnO₄^- can oxidise Mn²⁺ to form MnO₂: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 3 e^- → MnO₂(s) + 2 H₂O(l) : Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 5 MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) === Chromium === Chromium forms stable ions in three different oxidation states, +2, +3 and +6. In aqueous solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | orange | green or blue | blue |- | Ion: | Cr₂O₇^2- | Cr³⁺ | Cr²⁺ |- |} The actual formula of the +2 and +3 complex ions depends on the acid used (Cl^- and SO₄^2- will also behave as ligands). {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Chrom(III)-sulfatlösung.jpg | Aqueous chromium(III) sulfate solution. | File:Chromium(III) chloride solutions 2.JPG | Aqueous chromium(III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 3, 6, 10, 25 and 50 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3. | File:Chrom(III)-hydroxid.jpg | Chromium(III) hydroxide. }} In aqueous alkaline solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 |- | Colour: | yellow | green |- | Ion: | CrO₄^2- | [Cr(OH)₄]^- |- |} The +6 chromium complexes can be readily interconverted using acid and alkali: 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 2 OH^-(aq) → 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ==== In acidic solution ==== All chromium(VI) compounds can be reduced to the +3 and then the +2 oxidation state by strong reducing agents such as zinc in acid solution. The chromium is first reduced to the +3 oxidation state: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall : : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 3 Zn(s) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 3 Zn²⁺(aq) It is then further reduced: : Cr³⁺(aq) + e^- ⇌ Cr²⁺(aq) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : Zn(s) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 Cr²⁺(aq) The colour change observed on adding zinc in acid solution to dichromate ions is orange (Cr₂O₇^2-) to green (Cr³⁺) to blue (Cr²⁺). Other, milder reducing agents will reduce the +6 oxidation state to +3 but no further. Fe²⁺ is an important example: : Fe²⁺(aq) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) This reaction can be used in titrations to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in a sample. ==== In alkaline solution ==== [[File:Chromate dichromate equilibrium.png|thumb|300px|centre|Orange dichromate(VI) is converted to yellow chromate(VI) by addition of alkali.]] In alkaline solution, it is possible to oxidise the +3 oxidation state to the +6 oxidation state. The chromium ion forms the [Cr(OH)₄]^- complex in alkaline conditions. This complex can be oxidised to the +6 oxidation state by adding H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide, which is a reducing agent in acidic solution, is an oxidising agent in alkaline solution. : [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) ⇌ CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) The green [Cr(OH)₄]^- ion is oxidised to the yellow CrO₄^2- ion in alkaline solution. The relative tendency of species to undergo oxidation and reduction often depends dramatically on the pH of the solution. The interconversion of the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states is an important example. In general, oxidation is favoured by alkaline conditions and reduction is favoured by acidic conditions. Alkaline conditions: : CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- ⇌ [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) -0.13 V : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) +0.88 V : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) +1.01 V Acidic conditions: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) +1.33 V : 2 H⁺ + H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 H₂O(l) +1.78 V : 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) + 3 H₂O₂(aq) ⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) +0.45 V === Cobalt === Cobalt exists in two stable oxidation states, +2 and +3 In acidic or neutral solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | yellow | pink |- | Ion: | Co³⁺ | Co²⁺ |- |} [[File:Cobalt(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Cobalt(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol dm^-3. The pink colour of the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex dominates and only at high concentrations do we begin to see any hint of the blue [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] [[File:Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate in Acetone.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Cobalt(II) chloride in propanone shows the blue colour of the [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] In alkaline solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | blue |- | Compound: | Co(OH)₃ | Co(OH)₂ |- |} In ammonia solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | straw |- | Ion: | [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ |- |} The colours of these complexes are not easy to identify as they change colour readily depending on the concentration of the various species in solution. The ease of oxidation of cobalt from +2 to +3 depends on the ligand and the pH: * It is extremely difficult to oxidise cobalt from +2 to +3 in acidic solution. * It is easier to oxidise Co²⁺ in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide. The blue Co(OH)₂ is oxidised to brown Co(OH)₃: : Co(OH)₂(s) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ Co(OH)₃(s) + e^- : H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 Co(OH)₂(s) + H₂O₂(aq) → 2 Co(OH)₃(s) * In ammoniacal solution it is very easy to oxidise Co²⁺, and it is oxidised when left to stand in air. The straw-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is oxidised to the brown-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (the solution gets darker): : [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + e^- : O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) + 4 e^- → 4 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) == Redox Titrations Involving Transition Metals == Oxidising agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of reducing agents. Reducing agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of oxidising agents. In the laboratory, there are two important reagents involving transition metals that are used in these titrations: potassium manganate(VII), KMnO₄, and potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇. The procedures and principles involved in these titrations will be considered in turn: === Potassium manganate(VII) (KMnO₄) titrations. === The MnO₄^- ion is a powerful oxidising agent: MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e^- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles involved in titrations involving KMnO₄ are: The colour change associated with the above reduction is: MnO₄^- (intense purple) → Mn²⁺ (colourless) The colour change is so intense that no indicator is required for the reaction. The KMnO₄ solution is generally placed in the burette. This causes two problems: * The intense colour of KMnO₄ means that it is very difficult to see the graduation marks on the burette, and so it is difficult to read accurately. * The KMnO₄ reacts slightly with the glass, causing a slight stain if the burette is used too often. The reason the KMnO₄ is placed in the burette is as follows: As the KMnO₄ is added to the solution under investigation, it is immediately decolorised by the reducing agent. The end-point is detected by the failure of the purple colour to disappear - a pink colour persists in the conical flask, indicating that the MnO₄^- ions are no longer being reduced. This permanent pink colour is easily detected. If the KMnO₄ were in the conical flask, it would slowly decolorise until the solution became completely colourless. The gradual disappearance of the pink colour is much harder to detect than the sudden appearance of the pink colour, and for this reason the KMnO₄ is always placed in the burette, despite the difficulties it presents in reading the burette. c) Since the MnO₄^- ion is only an effective oxidising agent in acidic medium, it is necessary to add excess acid to the conical flask before carrying out the titration. Sulfuric acid is generally used for this purpose. Hydrochloric acid should not be used since it is a reducing agent and will react with the MnO₄^- before the MnO₄^- can react with the reducing agent under investigation: 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 10 Cl^- → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 5 Cl₂(g) Common examples of reducing agents which are determined using KMnO₄ are Fe²⁺(aq) and C₂O₄^2-(aq) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : MnO₄^- (aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) : C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 e^- : 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 10 CO₂(g) === Dichromate(VI) (Cr₂O₇^2-) titrations === Dichromate (VI) is also a good oxidising agent in acidic medium: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles of dichromate(VI) titrations are: a) The colour change associated with this titration is orange → green. The colours are not, however, as intense as with the manganate(VII) titration and an indicator is needed. DiPhenylAmineSulfonate is used. It turns from colourless to purple at the end-point. b) The dichromate(VI) is always placed in the burette as it is easier to see the appearance of the purple colour than its disappearance. c) As with manganate(VII), care must be taken as to which acid to use. Sulfuric acid should be used as chloride ions could interfere with the titration. Fe²⁺(aq) is the reducing agent most commonly determined by titration with potassium dichromate(VI). : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) {{BookCat}} 8c0umwwvga18vc4nl5f6bfj44eyjk2t 4641049 4641048 2026-06-24T04:08:35Z Ewen 19329 /* Representation of metal salts */ 4641049 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== A d-block element is an element which has at least one s-electron and at least one d-electron but no p-electrons in its outer shell. === Electronic configuration === The outer electronic configuration of elements in the first row of the d-block is as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | Sc [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | | | | |- | Ti [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | | | |- | V [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr [Ar] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Mn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Fe [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Co [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Ni [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu [Ar] | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- | Zn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- |} Note the unusual structures of chromium and copper. The 4s and 3d subshells are very similar in energy and therefore it is easy to promote electrons from the 4s into the 3d orbitals. In chromium the 4s¹ 3d⁵ structure is adopted because the repulsion between two paired electrons in the 4s orbital is more than the energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells. It is thus more stable to have unpaired electrons in the higher energy 3d orbital than paired electrons in the lower energy 4s orbital. In copper and zinc the 3d subshell is actually lower in energy than the 4s subshell. The 3d orbitals are thus filled before the 4s orbital. Thus copper adopts a 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ configuration. In all ions of d-block elements, the 3d subshell is lower in energy than the 4s subshell so the 4s electrons are always removed first. 3d electrons are only removed after all 4s electrons have been removed. Some examples of electronic configurations of transition metal ions are shown below: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Ion ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | V²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr³⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Fe²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- |} === Oxidation states === The oxidation state formed by an element in its compounds is determined by the maximum number of electrons it can lose without requiring so much energy to remove the electrons that the energy cannot be recovered in bonding. s-block elements only form one stable oxidation state in their compounds. They lose all their valence electrons easily but cannot lose any more electrons since there is a large amount of energy required to remove the electrons from the inner shell. This jump in energy is best shown graphically: [[File:Ei Na.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of sodium plotted on log scale]] [[File:Ei Mg.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of magnesium plotted on log scale]] Na always adopts the +1 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a large jump between the first and the second ionisation energies. Mg always adopts the +2 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a small jump between the first and the second ionisation energies but a very large jump between the second and third ionisation energies. In the d-block elements, however, there are often a large number of valence electrons and removing them all would require so much energy that it would be unfeasible. It is usually only possible to remove some of the valence electrons. All d-block elements can give up their 4s electrons fairly easily but the d-electrons are harder to remove. Moreover, since the successive ionisation energies of d-electrons increase steadily, it is difficult to predict how many can be lost. This effect can be shown graphically by considering the successive ionisation energies of an element such as manganese: [[File:Ei Mn.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of manganese plotted on log scale]] The ionisation energies increase steadily after the removal of the 4s electrons. It turns out that the energy required to remove the 3d electrons is sometimes recovered in bonding, but not always. The number of 3d electrons removed thus varies from compound to compound d-block metals are thus able to adopt a variety of oxidation states. The oxidation states most commonly formed by the first-row d-block elements are as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! +1 ! +2 ! +3 ! +4 ! +5 ! +6 ! +7 |- | Sc | | | +3 (d⁰) | | | | |- | Ti | | | +3 (d¹) | +4 (d⁰) | | | |- | V | | +2 (d³) | +3 (d²) | +4 (d¹) | +5 (d⁰) | | |- | Cr | | | +3 (d³) | | | +6 (d⁰) | |- | Mn | | +2 (d⁵) | +3 (d⁴) | +4 (d³) | | +6 (d¹) | +7 (d⁰) |- | Fe | | +2 (d⁶) | +3 (d⁵) | | | | |- | Co | | +2 (d⁷) | +3 (d⁶) | | | | |- | Ni | | +2 (d⁸) | | | | | |- | Cu | +1 (d¹⁰) | +2 (d⁹) | | | | | |- | Zn | | +2 (d¹⁰) | | | | | |- |} It is sometimes possible to remove all 3d electrons to form a d⁰ configuration. However for elements beyond manganese it is unusual to find an oxidation state containing fewer than 5 3d electrons. The d⁵ configuration is quite stable because paired d-electrons can be removed to reach d⁵ but unpaired electrons must be removed to reach d⁴. Unpaired electrons are harder to remove because there is less repulsion between the electrons. Note that scandium only forms +3 ions (d⁰). This is because the low effective nuclear charge on scandium enables all three valence electrons to be removed fairly easily. Note also that zinc only forms +2 ions (d¹⁰). This is because the high effective nuclear charge on zinc prevents any 3d electrons from being removed. All the other elements form at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals, and it is this property which defines a transition metal. '''A transition metal is a metal which forms at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals.''' Since zinc and scandium do not share this property, they are not transition metals, and indeed do not show many of the properties generally attributed to transition metals. They are however still classified as d-block elements. The first row d-block elements which are also transition metals are therefore titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Some definitions of transition metals includes ''atoms'' with partially filled d orbitals, which adds scandium to the set. ==Complex Ions== A complex ion is an ion comprising one or more ligands attached to a central metal cation by means of a dative covalent bond. A ligand is a species which can use its lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a transition metal. Examples of ligands are H₂O:, :NH₃, :Cl^-, :OH^-, :CN^-, Cations which form complex ions must have two features: - they must have a high charge density, and thus be able to attract electrons from ligands. - they must have empty orbitals of low energy, so that they can accept the lone pair of electrons from the ligands. Cations of d-block metals are small, have a high charge and have available empty 3d and 4s orbitals of low energy. They thus form complex ions readily. The number of lone pairs of electrons which a cation can accept is known as the coordination number of the cation. It depends on the size and electronic configuration of that cation, and also on the size and charge of the ligand. 6 is the most common coordination number, although 4 and 2 are also known. Examples of complex ions are [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [CoCl₄]^2-, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Note that the formula of the ion is always written inside square brackets with the overall charge written outside the brackets. ===Shapes of complex ions=== 6-coordinate complexes are all octahedral, and are formed with small ligands such as H₂O and NH₃. Examples: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺; [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ They can be drawn as shown below: {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} 4-coordinate complexes are generally tetrahedral, and are formed with larger ligands such as Cl^-. Larger ligands cannot fit around the transition metal so easily and hence form smaller complexes. They can be drawn as shown above. Examples: [CoCl₄]^2-; [CuCl₄]^2- 2-coordinate complexes are in general linear, and are formed with Ag⁺ ions. They can be drawn as follows: [[File:Silver(I) diammine cation ion structure.png|frameless|upright=0.5|centre|DiAmmineSilver(I) cation structure]] The rules covering the likely coordination number of transition metal complexes are: a) Silver ions form linear complexes with a coordination number of 2; b) Chloride ions and other large ions form tetrahedral complexes with a coordination number of 4; c) Most other transition metal complexes are octahedral with a coordination number of 6. ===Representation of metal salts=== When metal ions are in solution, they are usually represented as the simple ion, such as Fe²⁺(aq), Co²⁺(aq), Cr³⁺(aq) or Fe²⁺(aq). This is, however, a simplified representation as all d-block cations and many other cations with high polarising power exist as the hexaaqua complex, e.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺. Examples: :FeSO₄(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :CuCl₂(aq) consists of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and Cl^- ions Many complex ions exist in the solid state. In these cases the ligands are often written after the rest of the compound, separated by a dot: Examples: :[Fe(H₂O)₆]SO₄(s) is generally written FeSO₄·6H₂O(s) :[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃(s) is generally written CrCl₃·6H₂O(s) The dot does not always, however, mean that there are ligands present; some salts contain water of crystallisation, where the water is not a ligand but a link between the ions. Examples: :In Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, the water molecules are not behaving as ligands, but as water molecules of crystallisation. :In CuSO₄·5H₂O, four of the water molecules are behaving as ligands, and the fifth as a water molecule of crystallisation: [Cu(H₂O)₄]SO₄·H₂O === Chemical properties of complex ions === ==== Polarising Power ==== The effect of ligands in a complex ion is to significantly stabilise the metal cation by increasing its size and hence reducing its polarising power. Many compounds which are covalent in the anhydrous state are actually ionic in the hydrated state: E.g. FeCl₃(s) is covalent but FeCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. E.g. AlCl₃(s) is covalent but AlCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. ====Precipitation reactions==== The properties of anions are also changed if they are behaving as ligands in a complex ion. In particular, they are much less readily precipitated by cations. For example, AgNO₃(aq) will form a precipitate of AgCl if added to a solution of copper(II) chloride, [Cu(H₂O)₄]Cl₂ but not from sodium tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Na₂[CoCl₄]. BaCl₂(aq) will form a precipitate of BaSO₄ if added to a solution of [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]SO₄ but not with [Cr(H₂O)₅SO₄]Cl. ==== Heating ==== The properties of molecules also changes if they are behaving as ligands. In particular, they are much less readily removed by heating. For example, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to Na₂CO₃(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C. FeSO₄·6H₂O(s), however, can only be dehydrated to FeSO₄(s) by strong heating at 150 °C, since the water is strongly bonded to the Fe²⁺ as a ligand. CuSO₄·5H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to CuSO₄·4H₂O(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C, and to CuSO₄ by strong heating at 100 °C. One of the water molecules is a molecule of crystallisation but the others are ligands. === Multidentate ligands === Some ligands are capable of forming more than one dative covalent bond per ligand. Examples are ethanedioate (C₂O₄^2-) and 1,2-diaminoethane (H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂), both of which donate 2 lone pairs per ligand and are said to be bidentate. One unusual ligand, known as edta^4-, can form 6 dative covalent bonds per ligand. It is thus said to be hexadentate. Ligands such as H₂O, Cl^- and CN^- form only one dative covalent bond per ligand and are said to be unidentate. With polydentate ligands it often appears that the coordination number of the complex is 1 or 3, when in fact the coordination number is 6 as normal - it is just that each ligand is bonded twice. Some examples of these complex ions are shown below: [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]^3- [Cr(H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂)3]³⁺ [Cu(edta)]^2- ===Colour in Transition Metal Complexes=== [[File:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|800px]] ''Above: Aqueous solutions of (left to right): cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO₃)₂ (red); potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange); potassium chromate, K₂CrO₄ (yellow); nickel(II) chloride, NiCl₂ (green); copper(II) sulfate, CuSO₄ (blue); potassium permanganate, KMnO₄ (violet).'' [[w:Transition metals|Transition metals]] form complex ions – the metal binds to small molecules or anions called ligands. The ligands allow the electrons of the metal ion to enter an excited state if the electrons absorb a photon of visible light. When a cation forms a complex ion, the incoming ligands repel the electrons in the atom, and thus they are raised in energy. Some of the d-orbitals, however, are repelled more than others and the result is that the d-orbitals are split into 2 groups of orbitals, with three orbitals being slightly lower in energy than the other two. The difference in energy between these groups of orbitals is similar to the energy of visible light. The energy of the light is related to the frequency of the light by the equation ''E'' = ''hf''. If these d-orbitals are partially filled, some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals are excited into the higher energy orbitals, and in doing so absorb the light that corresponds to that frequency. The resultant light is deficient in the light of that frequency and thus appears coloured. So, transition metal ions are coloured because d-electrons can absorb light and get excited into higher energy d-orbitals. The resultant light is thus missing certain frequencies and is hence coloured. {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} [[File:Copper(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|400px|centre|Copper(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol dm^-3. The dilute solutions are blue [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ whereas the concentrated solutions are green [CuCl₄]^2-.]] [[File:Cu(NH3)4(OH)2.png|thumb|250px|centre|Addition of excess ammonia to copper(II) solutions gives the TetraAmmineDiAquaCopper(II) ion [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]. Replacing the original H₂O ligands with NH₃ produces the intense blue colour.]] The partially-occupied d-orbitals of transition metal compounds are important in giving colour to transition metal complexes. See diagram (which could represent V²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, etc.): [[Image:Ligand field splitting.png|centre|400px]] ①. In an uncomplexed ion, all the d-orbitals have the same energy. ②. When ligands surround the ion, the negative charges of the ligands make the d-orbitals less stable (higher energy). ③. Critically, the ligands will come closer to some d-orbitals than to others. Typically, two or three of the orbitals will be destabilised more than the remainder. An electron in one of the lower d-orbitals can acquire the energy to be excited into a higher d-orbital: [[Image:Excitation in TM complex.png|centre|400px]] This mechanism allows transition metal complexes to absorb photons of visible light. Note that two criteria must be satisfied if the ion is to be coloured: * there must be a splitting of the d-orbitals. This only happens in the presence of ligands and thus only complex ions are coloured. Anhydrous ions do not have split d-orbitals and so cannot absorb light in the visible spectrum and are thus white. E.g. anhydrous CuSO₄ (d⁹) is white but hydrated CuSO₄.5H₂O is blue. * the d-orbitals must be partially filled. If the d-orbitals are empty (E.g. Sc³⁺, Al³⁺) then there are no electrons which can be excited into the higher energy d-orbitals and the ions will be colourless. If the d-orbitals are full (E.g. Cu⁺, Zn²⁺) then there are no empty orbitals into which the electrons can be excited and the ions will be colourless. d⁰ and d¹⁰ compounds ''can'' be coloured, but the mechanism (charge-transfer) is beyond the A-level specification. Examples: Cu₂O, MnO₄^-, Cr₂O₇^2- [[File:BenedicT.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Using Benedict's Reagent to test for aldehydes: The blue copper(II) citrate ([CuC₆H₅O₇]^–, left) is converted to red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O, right). The intermediate colours are mixtures of copper(II) and copper(I)oxide.]] ==== Use of colour in analysis of complex ions ==== The colour of a complex ion depends on: * the ligand * the coordination number * the oxidation state of the metal * the identity of the metal As transition metal ions can show a huge variety of colours, it is often possible to identify a complex ion simply by its colour. It is also possible to determine the concentration of a solution containing a coloured ion using a technique called ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry ("UV-Vis"). As the absorbance of a solution is proportional to its concentration, the concentration of any solution can be determined by comparing its absorbance to the absorbance of a solution of known concentration. The technique can be summarised as follows: a) A solution containing a known concentration of the ion is prepared, and a suitable ligand is added in excess in order to intensify the colour (thiocyanate ions, SCN^-, are often used for this purpose). b) A sample of the solution is placed into a cuvette in a colorimeter and the filter which gives the maximum absorbance is selected. c) The absorbance of the solution is recorded. d) This process is repeated using a range of other known concentrations, and a graph is plotted of absorbance against concentration. d) The solution of unknown concentration is mixed with an excess of the same ligand to intensify the colour. e) The absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration is then recorded using the same filter. f) The concentration of this solution can then be determined from the concentration-absorbance graph. === Other applications of transition metal complexes === ==== Haemoglobin ==== Another important complex ion involving multidentate ligands is haemoglobin. Haem is a complex ion consisting Fe²⁺ and a complex tetradentate ligand called porphyrin. The complex is generally found with a protein called globin, which provides the fifth coordinate bond, and a molecule of oxygen which forms the sixth bond. The complete six coordinate complex is called haemoglobin. This structure is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood throughout the human body. Fe²⁺ + porphyrin → haem haem + globin + O₂ → haemoglobin Carbon monoxide is a similar size and shape to oxygen and forms a much stronger bond with the iron. It thus displaces the oxygen from the complex and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. It is thus a very poisonous gas. ==== cisplatin ==== The square planar complex cisplatin has the following structure: It kills cancerous cells and now widely used in cancer treatment. ==== Tests for aldehydes and halide ions ==== DiAmmineSilver(I) has the formula [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and is the active ion in Tollens' reagent. It is reduced to silver by reducing sugars and aldehydes (but not ketones). It produces a characteristic silver mirror on the side of the test-tube and this is used as the basis of the test for aldehydes. It is also formed in the test for halide ions in solution. The silver halides are insoluble in water but AgCl and AgBr will dissolve in ammonia due to the formation of the DiAmmineSilver(I) complex: AgCl(s) + 2 NH₃(dilute) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgBr(s) + 2 NH₃(conc) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== photography ==== Silver bromide, AgBr, is the substance on photographic film. In the presence of light, it decomposes into silver and bromine: 2 AgBr → 2 Ag(s) + Br₂(l). The unreacted AgBr is removed when sodium thiosulfate is added. This forms a complex with the AgBr and washes it off the film, leaving only the silver metal on the film. The result is the negative image. AgBr(s) + 2 S₂O₃^2-(aq) → [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== Electroplating ==== Metals such as silver and gold generally occur native, but in very impure form. They can be extracted using cyanide ions which form stable complexes with silver and gold. The Ag is oxidised to Ag⁺ and then complexed as [Ag(CN)₂]^-. This complex is widely used in electroplating. To coat another object with silver, place the metal object to be coated at the cathode and use [Ag(CN)₂]^- as the electrolyte. The complex breaks up, Ag+ ions move to the cathode and the object is coated with a layer of silver. ==Transition Metals as Catalysts== The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that they can accept and lose electrons easily. This enables them to catalyse certain redox reactions. They can be readily oxidised and reduced again, or reduced and then oxidised again, as a consequence of having a number of different oxidation states of similar stability. They can behave either as homogeneous catalysts or as heterogeneous catalysts. === How a catalyst works === A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction with itself being chemically unchanged at the end. A catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction by providing an alternative route. An extra step is introduced. Because the activation energy is lower, more particles have enough energy to react when they collide and so the fraction of successful collisions is higher. === Homogeneous catalysis === A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis involves aqueous transition metal ions catalysing reactions, often between two anions. The cation reacts with each anion in turn, thus avoiding the need for a direct collision between two anions (this is difficult since they repel each other). E.g. S₂O₈^2-(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 SO₄^2-(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) This can be catalysed by Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ ions: With Fe²⁺: S₂O₈2-(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq) → 2 SO₄2-(aq) + 2 Fe3+(aq) 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>-(aq) → 2 Fe2+(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) With Fe³⁺: 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) :2 Fe²⁺(aq) + S₂O₈^2-(aq) → 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 SO₄^2-(aq) E.g. 2 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 10 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(l) This is a good example of auto-catalysis. One of the products in this reaction, Mn²⁺(aq), behaves as a catalyst and thus the reaction is slow at first but is much faster after a little of the products are formed. === Heterogeneous catalysis === Heterogeneous catalysts react by allowing the reactant molecules to bond to the surface of the metal, usually by attracting the surface electrons. The reaction takes place at the surface, and the transition metal regains electrons as the products leave. The reaction is catalysed because the reactant molecules spend more time in contact with each other than they would in the absence of a catalyst. E.g. hydrogenation of ethene ==== Physical adsorption and chemisorption ==== The molecules usually bond to the surface of the metal using intermolecular forces such as Van der Waal’s forces. This is known as physical adsorption. Sometimes they actually form a covalent bond with the metal. This is known as chemisorption. An ideal heterogeneous catalyst adsorbs fairly strongly but not too strongly. If it adsorbs too weakly (like silver) the reactant molecules do not spend enough time in contact with each other. If they adsorb too strongly (like tungsten) the products do not leave the metal surface quickly enough and this slows the reaction down. The most useful catalysts are those which adsorb moderately. As the strength of absorption tends to decrease from left to right along the Periodic Table, the most effective catalysts tend to be the transition metals in the middle, like V, Fe and Ni. ==== Examples of heterogeneous catalysts ==== Examples of heterogenous catalysts are; Fe in the production of ammonia, V2O5 in the contact process and Pt or Ni in the hydrogenation of ethene. i) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) Fe catalyst ii) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g) V₂O₅ catalyst iii) C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₆(g) Pt/Ni catalyst iv) 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) ⇌ N₂(g) + 2 CO₂(g) Rh catalyst The catalytic converter converts toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide and nitrogen. ==== Surface area ==== The catalyst needs to have a large surface area to be effective. This means it needs to be very thinly spread out, and might need a special support. Catalytic converters in cars use rhodium (Rh) on a special ceramic support ==== Catalyst poisoning ==== Heterogeneous catalysts can be poisoned by impurities, which are often present in the raw materials used. These impurities bond very strongly to the catalyst surface and block it. The activity of iron in the Haber process is reduced by sulfur, present in iron as an impurity so it is essential that as much sulfur as possible is removed during the Basic Oxygen Process. The efficiency of catalytic converters in cars is reduced by lead, which bonds permanently to the rhodium surface. This has lead to the increased use of unleaded petrol. == Redox Chemistry of Some Transition Elements == Since transition metals show a variety of transition states in their compounds, much of their chemistry is dominated by movement between these transition states. When the oxidation state changes, the colour changes as the electron distribution in the d-orbitals is different. The colour is also affected by the ligands involved, as the type of ligand affects the amount of splitting in the d-orbitals. === Iron === Iron exists in two common oxidation states, +2 (Fe²⁺) and +3 (Fe³⁺). In aqueous solution, the Fe is readily oxidised from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺: : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- The Fe²⁺ ion is thus a reducing agent. Concentrations of Fe³⁺ in solution can be determined by titration with oxidising agents. === Manganese === Manganese can exist in a number of oxidation states, but is most stable in an oxidation state of +2, +4 or +7 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +7 ! +4 ! +2 |- | Colour: | purple | brown or black | pale pink |- | Ion/compound: | MnO₄^- | MnO₂ | Mn²⁺ |- |} [[File:Potassium permanganate solutions 1.JPG|thumb|centre|300px|Potassium manganate(VII) solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 300 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3.]] [[File:Manganese(II)-sulfate-photo.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink colour, even in its pure form.]] In the +7 oxidation state it exists as the intense purple ion MnO₄^-. This can be reduced to the pale pink Mn²⁺ by Fe²⁺ in acidic solution: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e_- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) In titrations, excess MnO₄^- can oxidise Mn²⁺ to form MnO₂: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 3 e^- → MnO₂(s) + 2 H₂O(l) : Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 5 MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) === Chromium === Chromium forms stable ions in three different oxidation states, +2, +3 and +6. In aqueous solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | orange | green or blue | blue |- | Ion: | Cr₂O₇^2- | Cr³⁺ | Cr²⁺ |- |} The actual formula of the +2 and +3 complex ions depends on the acid used (Cl^- and SO₄^2- will also behave as ligands). {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Chrom(III)-sulfatlösung.jpg | Aqueous chromium(III) sulfate solution. | File:Chromium(III) chloride solutions 2.JPG | Aqueous chromium(III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 3, 6, 10, 25 and 50 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3. | File:Chrom(III)-hydroxid.jpg | Chromium(III) hydroxide. }} In aqueous alkaline solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 |- | Colour: | yellow | green |- | Ion: | CrO₄^2- | [Cr(OH)₄]^- |- |} The +6 chromium complexes can be readily interconverted using acid and alkali: 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 2 OH^-(aq) → 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ==== In acidic solution ==== All chromium(VI) compounds can be reduced to the +3 and then the +2 oxidation state by strong reducing agents such as zinc in acid solution. The chromium is first reduced to the +3 oxidation state: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall : : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 3 Zn(s) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 3 Zn²⁺(aq) It is then further reduced: : Cr³⁺(aq) + e^- ⇌ Cr²⁺(aq) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : Zn(s) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 Cr²⁺(aq) The colour change observed on adding zinc in acid solution to dichromate ions is orange (Cr₂O₇^2-) to green (Cr³⁺) to blue (Cr²⁺). Other, milder reducing agents will reduce the +6 oxidation state to +3 but no further. Fe²⁺ is an important example: : Fe²⁺(aq) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) This reaction can be used in titrations to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in a sample. ==== In alkaline solution ==== [[File:Chromate dichromate equilibrium.png|thumb|300px|centre|Orange dichromate(VI) is converted to yellow chromate(VI) by addition of alkali.]] In alkaline solution, it is possible to oxidise the +3 oxidation state to the +6 oxidation state. The chromium ion forms the [Cr(OH)₄]^- complex in alkaline conditions. This complex can be oxidised to the +6 oxidation state by adding H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide, which is a reducing agent in acidic solution, is an oxidising agent in alkaline solution. : [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) ⇌ CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) The green [Cr(OH)₄]^- ion is oxidised to the yellow CrO₄^2- ion in alkaline solution. The relative tendency of species to undergo oxidation and reduction often depends dramatically on the pH of the solution. The interconversion of the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states is an important example. In general, oxidation is favoured by alkaline conditions and reduction is favoured by acidic conditions. Alkaline conditions: : CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- ⇌ [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) -0.13 V : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) +0.88 V : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) +1.01 V Acidic conditions: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) +1.33 V : 2 H⁺ + H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 H₂O(l) +1.78 V : 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) + 3 H₂O₂(aq) ⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) +0.45 V === Cobalt === Cobalt exists in two stable oxidation states, +2 and +3 In acidic or neutral solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | yellow | pink |- | Ion: | Co³⁺ | Co²⁺ |- |} [[File:Cobalt(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Cobalt(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol dm^-3. The pink colour of the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex dominates and only at high concentrations do we begin to see any hint of the blue [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] [[File:Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate in Acetone.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Cobalt(II) chloride in propanone shows the blue colour of the [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] In alkaline solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | blue |- | Compound: | Co(OH)₃ | Co(OH)₂ |- |} In ammonia solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | straw |- | Ion: | [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ |- |} The colours of these complexes are not easy to identify as they change colour readily depending on the concentration of the various species in solution. The ease of oxidation of cobalt from +2 to +3 depends on the ligand and the pH: * It is extremely difficult to oxidise cobalt from +2 to +3 in acidic solution. * It is easier to oxidise Co²⁺ in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide. The blue Co(OH)₂ is oxidised to brown Co(OH)₃: : Co(OH)₂(s) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ Co(OH)₃(s) + e^- : H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 Co(OH)₂(s) + H₂O₂(aq) → 2 Co(OH)₃(s) * In ammoniacal solution it is very easy to oxidise Co²⁺, and it is oxidised when left to stand in air. The straw-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is oxidised to the brown-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (the solution gets darker): : [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + e^- : O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) + 4 e^- → 4 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) == Redox Titrations Involving Transition Metals == Oxidising agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of reducing agents. Reducing agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of oxidising agents. In the laboratory, there are two important reagents involving transition metals that are used in these titrations: potassium manganate(VII), KMnO₄, and potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇. The procedures and principles involved in these titrations will be considered in turn: === Potassium manganate(VII) (KMnO₄) titrations. === The MnO₄^- ion is a powerful oxidising agent: MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e^- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles involved in titrations involving KMnO₄ are: The colour change associated with the above reduction is: MnO₄^- (intense purple) → Mn²⁺ (colourless) The colour change is so intense that no indicator is required for the reaction. The KMnO₄ solution is generally placed in the burette. This causes two problems: * The intense colour of KMnO₄ means that it is very difficult to see the graduation marks on the burette, and so it is difficult to read accurately. * The KMnO₄ reacts slightly with the glass, causing a slight stain if the burette is used too often. The reason the KMnO₄ is placed in the burette is as follows: As the KMnO₄ is added to the solution under investigation, it is immediately decolorised by the reducing agent. The end-point is detected by the failure of the purple colour to disappear - a pink colour persists in the conical flask, indicating that the MnO₄^- ions are no longer being reduced. This permanent pink colour is easily detected. If the KMnO₄ were in the conical flask, it would slowly decolorise until the solution became completely colourless. The gradual disappearance of the pink colour is much harder to detect than the sudden appearance of the pink colour, and for this reason the KMnO₄ is always placed in the burette, despite the difficulties it presents in reading the burette. c) Since the MnO₄^- ion is only an effective oxidising agent in acidic medium, it is necessary to add excess acid to the conical flask before carrying out the titration. Sulfuric acid is generally used for this purpose. Hydrochloric acid should not be used since it is a reducing agent and will react with the MnO₄^- before the MnO₄^- can react with the reducing agent under investigation: 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 10 Cl^- → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 5 Cl₂(g) Common examples of reducing agents which are determined using KMnO₄ are Fe²⁺(aq) and C₂O₄^2-(aq) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : MnO₄^- (aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) : C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 e^- : 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 10 CO₂(g) === Dichromate(VI) (Cr₂O₇^2-) titrations === Dichromate (VI) is also a good oxidising agent in acidic medium: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles of dichromate(VI) titrations are: a) The colour change associated with this titration is orange → green. The colours are not, however, as intense as with the manganate(VII) titration and an indicator is needed. DiPhenylAmineSulfonate is used. It turns from colourless to purple at the end-point. b) The dichromate(VI) is always placed in the burette as it is easier to see the appearance of the purple colour than its disappearance. c) As with manganate(VII), care must be taken as to which acid to use. Sulfuric acid should be used as chloride ions could interfere with the titration. Fe²⁺(aq) is the reducing agent most commonly determined by titration with potassium dichromate(VI). : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) {{BookCat}} g8hrpexl96xun5vvt76j3c0x4ox5t0p 4641050 4641049 2026-06-24T04:12:28Z Ewen 19329 /* Polarising Power */ 4641050 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== A d-block element is an element which has at least one s-electron and at least one d-electron but no p-electrons in its outer shell. === Electronic configuration === The outer electronic configuration of elements in the first row of the d-block is as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | Sc [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | | | | |- | Ti [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | | | |- | V [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr [Ar] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Mn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Fe [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Co [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Ni [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu [Ar] | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- | Zn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- |} Note the unusual structures of chromium and copper. The 4s and 3d subshells are very similar in energy and therefore it is easy to promote electrons from the 4s into the 3d orbitals. In chromium the 4s¹ 3d⁵ structure is adopted because the repulsion between two paired electrons in the 4s orbital is more than the energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells. It is thus more stable to have unpaired electrons in the higher energy 3d orbital than paired electrons in the lower energy 4s orbital. In copper and zinc the 3d subshell is actually lower in energy than the 4s subshell. The 3d orbitals are thus filled before the 4s orbital. Thus copper adopts a 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ configuration. In all ions of d-block elements, the 3d subshell is lower in energy than the 4s subshell so the 4s electrons are always removed first. 3d electrons are only removed after all 4s electrons have been removed. Some examples of electronic configurations of transition metal ions are shown below: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Ion ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | V²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr³⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Fe²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- |} === Oxidation states === The oxidation state formed by an element in its compounds is determined by the maximum number of electrons it can lose without requiring so much energy to remove the electrons that the energy cannot be recovered in bonding. s-block elements only form one stable oxidation state in their compounds. They lose all their valence electrons easily but cannot lose any more electrons since there is a large amount of energy required to remove the electrons from the inner shell. This jump in energy is best shown graphically: [[File:Ei Na.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of sodium plotted on log scale]] [[File:Ei Mg.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of magnesium plotted on log scale]] Na always adopts the +1 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a large jump between the first and the second ionisation energies. Mg always adopts the +2 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a small jump between the first and the second ionisation energies but a very large jump between the second and third ionisation energies. In the d-block elements, however, there are often a large number of valence electrons and removing them all would require so much energy that it would be unfeasible. It is usually only possible to remove some of the valence electrons. All d-block elements can give up their 4s electrons fairly easily but the d-electrons are harder to remove. Moreover, since the successive ionisation energies of d-electrons increase steadily, it is difficult to predict how many can be lost. This effect can be shown graphically by considering the successive ionisation energies of an element such as manganese: [[File:Ei Mn.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of manganese plotted on log scale]] The ionisation energies increase steadily after the removal of the 4s electrons. It turns out that the energy required to remove the 3d electrons is sometimes recovered in bonding, but not always. The number of 3d electrons removed thus varies from compound to compound d-block metals are thus able to adopt a variety of oxidation states. The oxidation states most commonly formed by the first-row d-block elements are as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! +1 ! +2 ! +3 ! +4 ! +5 ! +6 ! +7 |- | Sc | | | +3 (d⁰) | | | | |- | Ti | | | +3 (d¹) | +4 (d⁰) | | | |- | V | | +2 (d³) | +3 (d²) | +4 (d¹) | +5 (d⁰) | | |- | Cr | | | +3 (d³) | | | +6 (d⁰) | |- | Mn | | +2 (d⁵) | +3 (d⁴) | +4 (d³) | | +6 (d¹) | +7 (d⁰) |- | Fe | | +2 (d⁶) | +3 (d⁵) | | | | |- | Co | | +2 (d⁷) | +3 (d⁶) | | | | |- | Ni | | +2 (d⁸) | | | | | |- | Cu | +1 (d¹⁰) | +2 (d⁹) | | | | | |- | Zn | | +2 (d¹⁰) | | | | | |- |} It is sometimes possible to remove all 3d electrons to form a d⁰ configuration. However for elements beyond manganese it is unusual to find an oxidation state containing fewer than 5 3d electrons. The d⁵ configuration is quite stable because paired d-electrons can be removed to reach d⁵ but unpaired electrons must be removed to reach d⁴. Unpaired electrons are harder to remove because there is less repulsion between the electrons. Note that scandium only forms +3 ions (d⁰). This is because the low effective nuclear charge on scandium enables all three valence electrons to be removed fairly easily. Note also that zinc only forms +2 ions (d¹⁰). This is because the high effective nuclear charge on zinc prevents any 3d electrons from being removed. All the other elements form at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals, and it is this property which defines a transition metal. '''A transition metal is a metal which forms at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals.''' Since zinc and scandium do not share this property, they are not transition metals, and indeed do not show many of the properties generally attributed to transition metals. They are however still classified as d-block elements. The first row d-block elements which are also transition metals are therefore titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Some definitions of transition metals includes ''atoms'' with partially filled d orbitals, which adds scandium to the set. ==Complex Ions== A complex ion is an ion comprising one or more ligands attached to a central metal cation by means of a dative covalent bond. A ligand is a species which can use its lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a transition metal. Examples of ligands are H₂O:, :NH₃, :Cl^-, :OH^-, :CN^-, Cations which form complex ions must have two features: - they must have a high charge density, and thus be able to attract electrons from ligands. - they must have empty orbitals of low energy, so that they can accept the lone pair of electrons from the ligands. Cations of d-block metals are small, have a high charge and have available empty 3d and 4s orbitals of low energy. They thus form complex ions readily. The number of lone pairs of electrons which a cation can accept is known as the coordination number of the cation. It depends on the size and electronic configuration of that cation, and also on the size and charge of the ligand. 6 is the most common coordination number, although 4 and 2 are also known. Examples of complex ions are [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [CoCl₄]^2-, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Note that the formula of the ion is always written inside square brackets with the overall charge written outside the brackets. ===Shapes of complex ions=== 6-coordinate complexes are all octahedral, and are formed with small ligands such as H₂O and NH₃. Examples: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺; [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ They can be drawn as shown below: {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} 4-coordinate complexes are generally tetrahedral, and are formed with larger ligands such as Cl^-. Larger ligands cannot fit around the transition metal so easily and hence form smaller complexes. They can be drawn as shown above. Examples: [CoCl₄]^2-; [CuCl₄]^2- 2-coordinate complexes are in general linear, and are formed with Ag⁺ ions. They can be drawn as follows: [[File:Silver(I) diammine cation ion structure.png|frameless|upright=0.5|centre|DiAmmineSilver(I) cation structure]] The rules covering the likely coordination number of transition metal complexes are: a) Silver ions form linear complexes with a coordination number of 2; b) Chloride ions and other large ions form tetrahedral complexes with a coordination number of 4; c) Most other transition metal complexes are octahedral with a coordination number of 6. ===Representation of metal salts=== When metal ions are in solution, they are usually represented as the simple ion, such as Fe²⁺(aq), Co²⁺(aq), Cr³⁺(aq) or Fe²⁺(aq). This is, however, a simplified representation as all d-block cations and many other cations with high polarising power exist as the hexaaqua complex, e.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺. Examples: :FeSO₄(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :CuCl₂(aq) consists of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and Cl^- ions Many complex ions exist in the solid state. In these cases the ligands are often written after the rest of the compound, separated by a dot: Examples: :[Fe(H₂O)₆]SO₄(s) is generally written FeSO₄·6H₂O(s) :[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃(s) is generally written CrCl₃·6H₂O(s) The dot does not always, however, mean that there are ligands present; some salts contain water of crystallisation, where the water is not a ligand but a link between the ions. Examples: :In Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, the water molecules are not behaving as ligands, but as water molecules of crystallisation. :In CuSO₄·5H₂O, four of the water molecules are behaving as ligands, and the fifth as a water molecule of crystallisation: [Cu(H₂O)₄]SO₄·H₂O === Chemical properties of complex ions === ==== Polarising Power ==== The effect of ligands in a complex ion is to significantly stabilise the metal cation by increasing its size and hence reducing its polarising power. Many compounds which are covalent in the anhydrous state are actually ionic in the hydrated state: Examples: :FeCl₃(s) is covalent but FeCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. :AlCl₃(s) is covalent but AlCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. ====Precipitation reactions==== The properties of anions are also changed if they are behaving as ligands in a complex ion. In particular, they are much less readily precipitated by cations. For example, AgNO₃(aq) will form a precipitate of AgCl if added to a solution of copper(II) chloride, [Cu(H₂O)₄]Cl₂ but not from sodium tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Na₂[CoCl₄]. BaCl₂(aq) will form a precipitate of BaSO₄ if added to a solution of [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]SO₄ but not with [Cr(H₂O)₅SO₄]Cl. ==== Heating ==== The properties of molecules also changes if they are behaving as ligands. In particular, they are much less readily removed by heating. For example, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to Na₂CO₃(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C. FeSO₄·6H₂O(s), however, can only be dehydrated to FeSO₄(s) by strong heating at 150 °C, since the water is strongly bonded to the Fe²⁺ as a ligand. CuSO₄·5H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to CuSO₄·4H₂O(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C, and to CuSO₄ by strong heating at 100 °C. One of the water molecules is a molecule of crystallisation but the others are ligands. === Multidentate ligands === Some ligands are capable of forming more than one dative covalent bond per ligand. Examples are ethanedioate (C₂O₄^2-) and 1,2-diaminoethane (H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂), both of which donate 2 lone pairs per ligand and are said to be bidentate. One unusual ligand, known as edta^4-, can form 6 dative covalent bonds per ligand. It is thus said to be hexadentate. Ligands such as H₂O, Cl^- and CN^- form only one dative covalent bond per ligand and are said to be unidentate. With polydentate ligands it often appears that the coordination number of the complex is 1 or 3, when in fact the coordination number is 6 as normal - it is just that each ligand is bonded twice. Some examples of these complex ions are shown below: [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]^3- [Cr(H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂)3]³⁺ [Cu(edta)]^2- ===Colour in Transition Metal Complexes=== [[File:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|800px]] ''Above: Aqueous solutions of (left to right): cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO₃)₂ (red); potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange); potassium chromate, K₂CrO₄ (yellow); nickel(II) chloride, NiCl₂ (green); copper(II) sulfate, CuSO₄ (blue); potassium permanganate, KMnO₄ (violet).'' [[w:Transition metals|Transition metals]] form complex ions – the metal binds to small molecules or anions called ligands. The ligands allow the electrons of the metal ion to enter an excited state if the electrons absorb a photon of visible light. When a cation forms a complex ion, the incoming ligands repel the electrons in the atom, and thus they are raised in energy. Some of the d-orbitals, however, are repelled more than others and the result is that the d-orbitals are split into 2 groups of orbitals, with three orbitals being slightly lower in energy than the other two. The difference in energy between these groups of orbitals is similar to the energy of visible light. The energy of the light is related to the frequency of the light by the equation ''E'' = ''hf''. If these d-orbitals are partially filled, some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals are excited into the higher energy orbitals, and in doing so absorb the light that corresponds to that frequency. The resultant light is deficient in the light of that frequency and thus appears coloured. So, transition metal ions are coloured because d-electrons can absorb light and get excited into higher energy d-orbitals. The resultant light is thus missing certain frequencies and is hence coloured. {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} [[File:Copper(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|400px|centre|Copper(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol dm^-3. The dilute solutions are blue [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ whereas the concentrated solutions are green [CuCl₄]^2-.]] [[File:Cu(NH3)4(OH)2.png|thumb|250px|centre|Addition of excess ammonia to copper(II) solutions gives the TetraAmmineDiAquaCopper(II) ion [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]. Replacing the original H₂O ligands with NH₃ produces the intense blue colour.]] The partially-occupied d-orbitals of transition metal compounds are important in giving colour to transition metal complexes. See diagram (which could represent V²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, etc.): [[Image:Ligand field splitting.png|centre|400px]] ①. In an uncomplexed ion, all the d-orbitals have the same energy. ②. When ligands surround the ion, the negative charges of the ligands make the d-orbitals less stable (higher energy). ③. Critically, the ligands will come closer to some d-orbitals than to others. Typically, two or three of the orbitals will be destabilised more than the remainder. An electron in one of the lower d-orbitals can acquire the energy to be excited into a higher d-orbital: [[Image:Excitation in TM complex.png|centre|400px]] This mechanism allows transition metal complexes to absorb photons of visible light. Note that two criteria must be satisfied if the ion is to be coloured: * there must be a splitting of the d-orbitals. This only happens in the presence of ligands and thus only complex ions are coloured. Anhydrous ions do not have split d-orbitals and so cannot absorb light in the visible spectrum and are thus white. E.g. anhydrous CuSO₄ (d⁹) is white but hydrated CuSO₄.5H₂O is blue. * the d-orbitals must be partially filled. If the d-orbitals are empty (E.g. Sc³⁺, Al³⁺) then there are no electrons which can be excited into the higher energy d-orbitals and the ions will be colourless. If the d-orbitals are full (E.g. Cu⁺, Zn²⁺) then there are no empty orbitals into which the electrons can be excited and the ions will be colourless. d⁰ and d¹⁰ compounds ''can'' be coloured, but the mechanism (charge-transfer) is beyond the A-level specification. Examples: Cu₂O, MnO₄^-, Cr₂O₇^2- [[File:BenedicT.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Using Benedict's Reagent to test for aldehydes: The blue copper(II) citrate ([CuC₆H₅O₇]^–, left) is converted to red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O, right). The intermediate colours are mixtures of copper(II) and copper(I)oxide.]] ==== Use of colour in analysis of complex ions ==== The colour of a complex ion depends on: * the ligand * the coordination number * the oxidation state of the metal * the identity of the metal As transition metal ions can show a huge variety of colours, it is often possible to identify a complex ion simply by its colour. It is also possible to determine the concentration of a solution containing a coloured ion using a technique called ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry ("UV-Vis"). As the absorbance of a solution is proportional to its concentration, the concentration of any solution can be determined by comparing its absorbance to the absorbance of a solution of known concentration. The technique can be summarised as follows: a) A solution containing a known concentration of the ion is prepared, and a suitable ligand is added in excess in order to intensify the colour (thiocyanate ions, SCN^-, are often used for this purpose). b) A sample of the solution is placed into a cuvette in a colorimeter and the filter which gives the maximum absorbance is selected. c) The absorbance of the solution is recorded. d) This process is repeated using a range of other known concentrations, and a graph is plotted of absorbance against concentration. d) The solution of unknown concentration is mixed with an excess of the same ligand to intensify the colour. e) The absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration is then recorded using the same filter. f) The concentration of this solution can then be determined from the concentration-absorbance graph. === Other applications of transition metal complexes === ==== Haemoglobin ==== Another important complex ion involving multidentate ligands is haemoglobin. Haem is a complex ion consisting Fe²⁺ and a complex tetradentate ligand called porphyrin. The complex is generally found with a protein called globin, which provides the fifth coordinate bond, and a molecule of oxygen which forms the sixth bond. The complete six coordinate complex is called haemoglobin. This structure is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood throughout the human body. Fe²⁺ + porphyrin → haem haem + globin + O₂ → haemoglobin Carbon monoxide is a similar size and shape to oxygen and forms a much stronger bond with the iron. It thus displaces the oxygen from the complex and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. It is thus a very poisonous gas. ==== cisplatin ==== The square planar complex cisplatin has the following structure: It kills cancerous cells and now widely used in cancer treatment. ==== Tests for aldehydes and halide ions ==== DiAmmineSilver(I) has the formula [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and is the active ion in Tollens' reagent. It is reduced to silver by reducing sugars and aldehydes (but not ketones). It produces a characteristic silver mirror on the side of the test-tube and this is used as the basis of the test for aldehydes. It is also formed in the test for halide ions in solution. The silver halides are insoluble in water but AgCl and AgBr will dissolve in ammonia due to the formation of the DiAmmineSilver(I) complex: AgCl(s) + 2 NH₃(dilute) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgBr(s) + 2 NH₃(conc) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== photography ==== Silver bromide, AgBr, is the substance on photographic film. In the presence of light, it decomposes into silver and bromine: 2 AgBr → 2 Ag(s) + Br₂(l). The unreacted AgBr is removed when sodium thiosulfate is added. This forms a complex with the AgBr and washes it off the film, leaving only the silver metal on the film. The result is the negative image. AgBr(s) + 2 S₂O₃^2-(aq) → [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== Electroplating ==== Metals such as silver and gold generally occur native, but in very impure form. They can be extracted using cyanide ions which form stable complexes with silver and gold. The Ag is oxidised to Ag⁺ and then complexed as [Ag(CN)₂]^-. This complex is widely used in electroplating. To coat another object with silver, place the metal object to be coated at the cathode and use [Ag(CN)₂]^- as the electrolyte. The complex breaks up, Ag+ ions move to the cathode and the object is coated with a layer of silver. ==Transition Metals as Catalysts== The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that they can accept and lose electrons easily. This enables them to catalyse certain redox reactions. They can be readily oxidised and reduced again, or reduced and then oxidised again, as a consequence of having a number of different oxidation states of similar stability. They can behave either as homogeneous catalysts or as heterogeneous catalysts. === How a catalyst works === A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction with itself being chemically unchanged at the end. A catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction by providing an alternative route. An extra step is introduced. Because the activation energy is lower, more particles have enough energy to react when they collide and so the fraction of successful collisions is higher. === Homogeneous catalysis === A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis involves aqueous transition metal ions catalysing reactions, often between two anions. The cation reacts with each anion in turn, thus avoiding the need for a direct collision between two anions (this is difficult since they repel each other). E.g. S₂O₈^2-(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 SO₄^2-(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) This can be catalysed by Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ ions: With Fe²⁺: S₂O₈2-(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq) → 2 SO₄2-(aq) + 2 Fe3+(aq) 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>-(aq) → 2 Fe2+(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) With Fe³⁺: 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) :2 Fe²⁺(aq) + S₂O₈^2-(aq) → 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 SO₄^2-(aq) E.g. 2 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 10 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(l) This is a good example of auto-catalysis. One of the products in this reaction, Mn²⁺(aq), behaves as a catalyst and thus the reaction is slow at first but is much faster after a little of the products are formed. === Heterogeneous catalysis === Heterogeneous catalysts react by allowing the reactant molecules to bond to the surface of the metal, usually by attracting the surface electrons. The reaction takes place at the surface, and the transition metal regains electrons as the products leave. The reaction is catalysed because the reactant molecules spend more time in contact with each other than they would in the absence of a catalyst. E.g. hydrogenation of ethene ==== Physical adsorption and chemisorption ==== The molecules usually bond to the surface of the metal using intermolecular forces such as Van der Waal’s forces. This is known as physical adsorption. Sometimes they actually form a covalent bond with the metal. This is known as chemisorption. An ideal heterogeneous catalyst adsorbs fairly strongly but not too strongly. If it adsorbs too weakly (like silver) the reactant molecules do not spend enough time in contact with each other. If they adsorb too strongly (like tungsten) the products do not leave the metal surface quickly enough and this slows the reaction down. The most useful catalysts are those which adsorb moderately. As the strength of absorption tends to decrease from left to right along the Periodic Table, the most effective catalysts tend to be the transition metals in the middle, like V, Fe and Ni. ==== Examples of heterogeneous catalysts ==== Examples of heterogenous catalysts are; Fe in the production of ammonia, V2O5 in the contact process and Pt or Ni in the hydrogenation of ethene. i) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) Fe catalyst ii) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g) V₂O₅ catalyst iii) C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₆(g) Pt/Ni catalyst iv) 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) ⇌ N₂(g) + 2 CO₂(g) Rh catalyst The catalytic converter converts toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide and nitrogen. ==== Surface area ==== The catalyst needs to have a large surface area to be effective. This means it needs to be very thinly spread out, and might need a special support. Catalytic converters in cars use rhodium (Rh) on a special ceramic support ==== Catalyst poisoning ==== Heterogeneous catalysts can be poisoned by impurities, which are often present in the raw materials used. These impurities bond very strongly to the catalyst surface and block it. The activity of iron in the Haber process is reduced by sulfur, present in iron as an impurity so it is essential that as much sulfur as possible is removed during the Basic Oxygen Process. The efficiency of catalytic converters in cars is reduced by lead, which bonds permanently to the rhodium surface. This has lead to the increased use of unleaded petrol. == Redox Chemistry of Some Transition Elements == Since transition metals show a variety of transition states in their compounds, much of their chemistry is dominated by movement between these transition states. When the oxidation state changes, the colour changes as the electron distribution in the d-orbitals is different. The colour is also affected by the ligands involved, as the type of ligand affects the amount of splitting in the d-orbitals. === Iron === Iron exists in two common oxidation states, +2 (Fe²⁺) and +3 (Fe³⁺). In aqueous solution, the Fe is readily oxidised from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺: : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- The Fe²⁺ ion is thus a reducing agent. Concentrations of Fe³⁺ in solution can be determined by titration with oxidising agents. === Manganese === Manganese can exist in a number of oxidation states, but is most stable in an oxidation state of +2, +4 or +7 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +7 ! +4 ! +2 |- | Colour: | purple | brown or black | pale pink |- | Ion/compound: | MnO₄^- | MnO₂ | Mn²⁺ |- |} [[File:Potassium permanganate solutions 1.JPG|thumb|centre|300px|Potassium manganate(VII) solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 300 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3.]] [[File:Manganese(II)-sulfate-photo.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink colour, even in its pure form.]] In the +7 oxidation state it exists as the intense purple ion MnO₄^-. This can be reduced to the pale pink Mn²⁺ by Fe²⁺ in acidic solution: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e_- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) In titrations, excess MnO₄^- can oxidise Mn²⁺ to form MnO₂: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 3 e^- → MnO₂(s) + 2 H₂O(l) : Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 5 MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) === Chromium === Chromium forms stable ions in three different oxidation states, +2, +3 and +6. In aqueous solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | orange | green or blue | blue |- | Ion: | Cr₂O₇^2- | Cr³⁺ | Cr²⁺ |- |} The actual formula of the +2 and +3 complex ions depends on the acid used (Cl^- and SO₄^2- will also behave as ligands). {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Chrom(III)-sulfatlösung.jpg | Aqueous chromium(III) sulfate solution. | File:Chromium(III) chloride solutions 2.JPG | Aqueous chromium(III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 3, 6, 10, 25 and 50 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3. | File:Chrom(III)-hydroxid.jpg | Chromium(III) hydroxide. }} In aqueous alkaline solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 |- | Colour: | yellow | green |- | Ion: | CrO₄^2- | [Cr(OH)₄]^- |- |} The +6 chromium complexes can be readily interconverted using acid and alkali: 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 2 OH^-(aq) → 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ==== In acidic solution ==== All chromium(VI) compounds can be reduced to the +3 and then the +2 oxidation state by strong reducing agents such as zinc in acid solution. The chromium is first reduced to the +3 oxidation state: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall : : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 3 Zn(s) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 3 Zn²⁺(aq) It is then further reduced: : Cr³⁺(aq) + e^- ⇌ Cr²⁺(aq) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : Zn(s) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 Cr²⁺(aq) The colour change observed on adding zinc in acid solution to dichromate ions is orange (Cr₂O₇^2-) to green (Cr³⁺) to blue (Cr²⁺). Other, milder reducing agents will reduce the +6 oxidation state to +3 but no further. Fe²⁺ is an important example: : Fe²⁺(aq) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) This reaction can be used in titrations to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in a sample. ==== In alkaline solution ==== [[File:Chromate dichromate equilibrium.png|thumb|300px|centre|Orange dichromate(VI) is converted to yellow chromate(VI) by addition of alkali.]] In alkaline solution, it is possible to oxidise the +3 oxidation state to the +6 oxidation state. The chromium ion forms the [Cr(OH)₄]^- complex in alkaline conditions. This complex can be oxidised to the +6 oxidation state by adding H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide, which is a reducing agent in acidic solution, is an oxidising agent in alkaline solution. : [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) ⇌ CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) The green [Cr(OH)₄]^- ion is oxidised to the yellow CrO₄^2- ion in alkaline solution. The relative tendency of species to undergo oxidation and reduction often depends dramatically on the pH of the solution. The interconversion of the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states is an important example. In general, oxidation is favoured by alkaline conditions and reduction is favoured by acidic conditions. Alkaline conditions: : CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- ⇌ [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) -0.13 V : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) +0.88 V : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) +1.01 V Acidic conditions: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) +1.33 V : 2 H⁺ + H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 H₂O(l) +1.78 V : 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) + 3 H₂O₂(aq) ⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) +0.45 V === Cobalt === Cobalt exists in two stable oxidation states, +2 and +3 In acidic or neutral solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | yellow | pink |- | Ion: | Co³⁺ | Co²⁺ |- |} [[File:Cobalt(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Cobalt(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol dm^-3. The pink colour of the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex dominates and only at high concentrations do we begin to see any hint of the blue [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] [[File:Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate in Acetone.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Cobalt(II) chloride in propanone shows the blue colour of the [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] In alkaline solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | blue |- | Compound: | Co(OH)₃ | Co(OH)₂ |- |} In ammonia solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | straw |- | Ion: | [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ |- |} The colours of these complexes are not easy to identify as they change colour readily depending on the concentration of the various species in solution. The ease of oxidation of cobalt from +2 to +3 depends on the ligand and the pH: * It is extremely difficult to oxidise cobalt from +2 to +3 in acidic solution. * It is easier to oxidise Co²⁺ in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide. The blue Co(OH)₂ is oxidised to brown Co(OH)₃: : Co(OH)₂(s) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ Co(OH)₃(s) + e^- : H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 Co(OH)₂(s) + H₂O₂(aq) → 2 Co(OH)₃(s) * In ammoniacal solution it is very easy to oxidise Co²⁺, and it is oxidised when left to stand in air. The straw-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is oxidised to the brown-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (the solution gets darker): : [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + e^- : O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) + 4 e^- → 4 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) == Redox Titrations Involving Transition Metals == Oxidising agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of reducing agents. Reducing agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of oxidising agents. In the laboratory, there are two important reagents involving transition metals that are used in these titrations: potassium manganate(VII), KMnO₄, and potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇. The procedures and principles involved in these titrations will be considered in turn: === Potassium manganate(VII) (KMnO₄) titrations. === The MnO₄^- ion is a powerful oxidising agent: MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e^- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles involved in titrations involving KMnO₄ are: The colour change associated with the above reduction is: MnO₄^- (intense purple) → Mn²⁺ (colourless) The colour change is so intense that no indicator is required for the reaction. The KMnO₄ solution is generally placed in the burette. This causes two problems: * The intense colour of KMnO₄ means that it is very difficult to see the graduation marks on the burette, and so it is difficult to read accurately. * The KMnO₄ reacts slightly with the glass, causing a slight stain if the burette is used too often. The reason the KMnO₄ is placed in the burette is as follows: As the KMnO₄ is added to the solution under investigation, it is immediately decolorised by the reducing agent. The end-point is detected by the failure of the purple colour to disappear - a pink colour persists in the conical flask, indicating that the MnO₄^- ions are no longer being reduced. This permanent pink colour is easily detected. If the KMnO₄ were in the conical flask, it would slowly decolorise until the solution became completely colourless. The gradual disappearance of the pink colour is much harder to detect than the sudden appearance of the pink colour, and for this reason the KMnO₄ is always placed in the burette, despite the difficulties it presents in reading the burette. c) Since the MnO₄^- ion is only an effective oxidising agent in acidic medium, it is necessary to add excess acid to the conical flask before carrying out the titration. Sulfuric acid is generally used for this purpose. Hydrochloric acid should not be used since it is a reducing agent and will react with the MnO₄^- before the MnO₄^- can react with the reducing agent under investigation: 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 10 Cl^- → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 5 Cl₂(g) Common examples of reducing agents which are determined using KMnO₄ are Fe²⁺(aq) and C₂O₄^2-(aq) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : MnO₄^- (aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) : C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 e^- : 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 10 CO₂(g) === Dichromate(VI) (Cr₂O₇^2-) titrations === Dichromate (VI) is also a good oxidising agent in acidic medium: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles of dichromate(VI) titrations are: a) The colour change associated with this titration is orange → green. The colours are not, however, as intense as with the manganate(VII) titration and an indicator is needed. DiPhenylAmineSulfonate is used. It turns from colourless to purple at the end-point. b) The dichromate(VI) is always placed in the burette as it is easier to see the appearance of the purple colour than its disappearance. c) As with manganate(VII), care must be taken as to which acid to use. Sulfuric acid should be used as chloride ions could interfere with the titration. Fe²⁺(aq) is the reducing agent most commonly determined by titration with potassium dichromate(VI). : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) {{BookCat}} kh8hpr4ssi8wb3kjshr0ylndovedhnq 4641051 4641050 2026-06-24T04:23:10Z Ewen 19329 /* Multidentate ligands */ 4641051 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== A d-block element is an element which has at least one s-electron and at least one d-electron but no p-electrons in its outer shell. === Electronic configuration === The outer electronic configuration of elements in the first row of the d-block is as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | Sc [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | | | | |- | Ti [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | | | |- | V [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr [Ar] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Mn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Fe [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Co [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Ni [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu [Ar] | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- | Zn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- |} Note the unusual structures of chromium and copper. The 4s and 3d subshells are very similar in energy and therefore it is easy to promote electrons from the 4s into the 3d orbitals. In chromium the 4s¹ 3d⁵ structure is adopted because the repulsion between two paired electrons in the 4s orbital is more than the energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells. It is thus more stable to have unpaired electrons in the higher energy 3d orbital than paired electrons in the lower energy 4s orbital. In copper and zinc the 3d subshell is actually lower in energy than the 4s subshell. The 3d orbitals are thus filled before the 4s orbital. Thus copper adopts a 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ configuration. In all ions of d-block elements, the 3d subshell is lower in energy than the 4s subshell so the 4s electrons are always removed first. 3d electrons are only removed after all 4s electrons have been removed. Some examples of electronic configurations of transition metal ions are shown below: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Ion ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | V²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr³⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Fe²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- |} === Oxidation states === The oxidation state formed by an element in its compounds is determined by the maximum number of electrons it can lose without requiring so much energy to remove the electrons that the energy cannot be recovered in bonding. s-block elements only form one stable oxidation state in their compounds. They lose all their valence electrons easily but cannot lose any more electrons since there is a large amount of energy required to remove the electrons from the inner shell. This jump in energy is best shown graphically: [[File:Ei Na.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of sodium plotted on log scale]] [[File:Ei Mg.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of magnesium plotted on log scale]] Na always adopts the +1 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a large jump between the first and the second ionisation energies. Mg always adopts the +2 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a small jump between the first and the second ionisation energies but a very large jump between the second and third ionisation energies. In the d-block elements, however, there are often a large number of valence electrons and removing them all would require so much energy that it would be unfeasible. It is usually only possible to remove some of the valence electrons. All d-block elements can give up their 4s electrons fairly easily but the d-electrons are harder to remove. Moreover, since the successive ionisation energies of d-electrons increase steadily, it is difficult to predict how many can be lost. This effect can be shown graphically by considering the successive ionisation energies of an element such as manganese: [[File:Ei Mn.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of manganese plotted on log scale]] The ionisation energies increase steadily after the removal of the 4s electrons. It turns out that the energy required to remove the 3d electrons is sometimes recovered in bonding, but not always. The number of 3d electrons removed thus varies from compound to compound d-block metals are thus able to adopt a variety of oxidation states. The oxidation states most commonly formed by the first-row d-block elements are as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! +1 ! +2 ! +3 ! +4 ! +5 ! +6 ! +7 |- | Sc | | | +3 (d⁰) | | | | |- | Ti | | | +3 (d¹) | +4 (d⁰) | | | |- | V | | +2 (d³) | +3 (d²) | +4 (d¹) | +5 (d⁰) | | |- | Cr | | | +3 (d³) | | | +6 (d⁰) | |- | Mn | | +2 (d⁵) | +3 (d⁴) | +4 (d³) | | +6 (d¹) | +7 (d⁰) |- | Fe | | +2 (d⁶) | +3 (d⁵) | | | | |- | Co | | +2 (d⁷) | +3 (d⁶) | | | | |- | Ni | | +2 (d⁸) | | | | | |- | Cu | +1 (d¹⁰) | +2 (d⁹) | | | | | |- | Zn | | +2 (d¹⁰) | | | | | |- |} It is sometimes possible to remove all 3d electrons to form a d⁰ configuration. However for elements beyond manganese it is unusual to find an oxidation state containing fewer than 5 3d electrons. The d⁵ configuration is quite stable because paired d-electrons can be removed to reach d⁵ but unpaired electrons must be removed to reach d⁴. Unpaired electrons are harder to remove because there is less repulsion between the electrons. Note that scandium only forms +3 ions (d⁰). This is because the low effective nuclear charge on scandium enables all three valence electrons to be removed fairly easily. Note also that zinc only forms +2 ions (d¹⁰). This is because the high effective nuclear charge on zinc prevents any 3d electrons from being removed. All the other elements form at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals, and it is this property which defines a transition metal. '''A transition metal is a metal which forms at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals.''' Since zinc and scandium do not share this property, they are not transition metals, and indeed do not show many of the properties generally attributed to transition metals. They are however still classified as d-block elements. The first row d-block elements which are also transition metals are therefore titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Some definitions of transition metals includes ''atoms'' with partially filled d orbitals, which adds scandium to the set. ==Complex Ions== A complex ion is an ion comprising one or more ligands attached to a central metal cation by means of a dative covalent bond. A ligand is a species which can use its lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a transition metal. Examples of ligands are H₂O:, :NH₃, :Cl^-, :OH^-, :CN^-, Cations which form complex ions must have two features: - they must have a high charge density, and thus be able to attract electrons from ligands. - they must have empty orbitals of low energy, so that they can accept the lone pair of electrons from the ligands. Cations of d-block metals are small, have a high charge and have available empty 3d and 4s orbitals of low energy. They thus form complex ions readily. The number of lone pairs of electrons which a cation can accept is known as the coordination number of the cation. It depends on the size and electronic configuration of that cation, and also on the size and charge of the ligand. 6 is the most common coordination number, although 4 and 2 are also known. Examples of complex ions are [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [CoCl₄]^2-, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Note that the formula of the ion is always written inside square brackets with the overall charge written outside the brackets. ===Shapes of complex ions=== 6-coordinate complexes are all octahedral, and are formed with small ligands such as H₂O and NH₃. Examples: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺; [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ They can be drawn as shown below: {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} 4-coordinate complexes are generally tetrahedral, and are formed with larger ligands such as Cl^-. Larger ligands cannot fit around the transition metal so easily and hence form smaller complexes. They can be drawn as shown above. Examples: [CoCl₄]^2-; [CuCl₄]^2- 2-coordinate complexes are in general linear, and are formed with Ag⁺ ions. They can be drawn as follows: [[File:Silver(I) diammine cation ion structure.png|frameless|upright=0.5|centre|DiAmmineSilver(I) cation structure]] The rules covering the likely coordination number of transition metal complexes are: a) Silver ions form linear complexes with a coordination number of 2; b) Chloride ions and other large ions form tetrahedral complexes with a coordination number of 4; c) Most other transition metal complexes are octahedral with a coordination number of 6. ===Representation of metal salts=== When metal ions are in solution, they are usually represented as the simple ion, such as Fe²⁺(aq), Co²⁺(aq), Cr³⁺(aq) or Fe²⁺(aq). This is, however, a simplified representation as all d-block cations and many other cations with high polarising power exist as the hexaaqua complex, e.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺. Examples: :FeSO₄(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :CuCl₂(aq) consists of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and Cl^- ions Many complex ions exist in the solid state. In these cases the ligands are often written after the rest of the compound, separated by a dot: Examples: :[Fe(H₂O)₆]SO₄(s) is generally written FeSO₄·6H₂O(s) :[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃(s) is generally written CrCl₃·6H₂O(s) The dot does not always, however, mean that there are ligands present; some salts contain water of crystallisation, where the water is not a ligand but a link between the ions. Examples: :In Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, the water molecules are not behaving as ligands, but as water molecules of crystallisation. :In CuSO₄·5H₂O, four of the water molecules are behaving as ligands, and the fifth as a water molecule of crystallisation: [Cu(H₂O)₄]SO₄·H₂O === Chemical properties of complex ions === ==== Polarising Power ==== The effect of ligands in a complex ion is to significantly stabilise the metal cation by increasing its size and hence reducing its polarising power. Many compounds which are covalent in the anhydrous state are actually ionic in the hydrated state: Examples: :FeCl₃(s) is covalent but FeCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. :AlCl₃(s) is covalent but AlCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. ====Precipitation reactions==== The properties of anions are also changed if they are behaving as ligands in a complex ion. In particular, they are much less readily precipitated by cations. For example, AgNO₃(aq) will form a precipitate of AgCl if added to a solution of copper(II) chloride, [Cu(H₂O)₄]Cl₂ but not from sodium tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Na₂[CoCl₄]. BaCl₂(aq) will form a precipitate of BaSO₄ if added to a solution of [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]SO₄ but not with [Cr(H₂O)₅SO₄]Cl. ==== Heating ==== The properties of molecules also changes if they are behaving as ligands. In particular, they are much less readily removed by heating. For example, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to Na₂CO₃(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C. FeSO₄·6H₂O(s), however, can only be dehydrated to FeSO₄(s) by strong heating at 150 °C, since the water is strongly bonded to the Fe²⁺ as a ligand. CuSO₄·5H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to CuSO₄·4H₂O(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C, and to CuSO₄ by strong heating at 100 °C. One of the water molecules is a molecule of crystallisation but the others are ligands. === Multidentate ligands === Some ligands are capable of forming more than one dative covalent bond per ligand. Examples are ethanedioate (C₂O₄^2-) and 1,2-diaminoethane (H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂), both of which donate two lone pairs per ligand and are said to be bidentate. 1,2-diaminoethane is written as (en) in the formula. One unusual ligand, EDTA^4- ((HOOCCH₂)₂NCH₂CH₂N(CH₂COOH)₂) can form 6 dative covalent bonds per ligand. It is thus said to be hexadentate. EDTA is written as (edta) in formulae. Ligands such as H₂O, Cl^- and CN^- form only one dative covalent bond per ligand and are said to be unidentate. With polydentate ligands it often appears that the coordination number of the complex is 1 or 3, when in fact the coordination number is 6 as normal - it is just that each ligand is bonded twice. Some examples of these complex ions are shown below: [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]^3- [Cr(en)₃]³⁺ [Cu(edta)]^2- Multidentate ligands are very effective at binding to cations and can effectively stop them from reacting with anything else. Ethanedioate is toxic because it binds to Ca²⁺ ions. Other multidentate ligands are used in "chelation therapy" to remove toxic heavy metals if a patient has ingested them. ===Colour in Transition Metal Complexes=== [[File:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|800px]] ''Above: Aqueous solutions of (left to right): cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO₃)₂ (red); potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange); potassium chromate, K₂CrO₄ (yellow); nickel(II) chloride, NiCl₂ (green); copper(II) sulfate, CuSO₄ (blue); potassium permanganate, KMnO₄ (violet).'' [[w:Transition metals|Transition metals]] form complex ions – the metal binds to small molecules or anions called ligands. The ligands allow the electrons of the metal ion to enter an excited state if the electrons absorb a photon of visible light. When a cation forms a complex ion, the incoming ligands repel the electrons in the atom, and thus they are raised in energy. Some of the d-orbitals, however, are repelled more than others and the result is that the d-orbitals are split into 2 groups of orbitals, with three orbitals being slightly lower in energy than the other two. The difference in energy between these groups of orbitals is similar to the energy of visible light. The energy of the light is related to the frequency of the light by the equation ''E'' = ''hf''. If these d-orbitals are partially filled, some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals are excited into the higher energy orbitals, and in doing so absorb the light that corresponds to that frequency. The resultant light is deficient in the light of that frequency and thus appears coloured. So, transition metal ions are coloured because d-electrons can absorb light and get excited into higher energy d-orbitals. The resultant light is thus missing certain frequencies and is hence coloured. {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} [[File:Copper(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|400px|centre|Copper(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol dm^-3. The dilute solutions are blue [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ whereas the concentrated solutions are green [CuCl₄]^2-.]] [[File:Cu(NH3)4(OH)2.png|thumb|250px|centre|Addition of excess ammonia to copper(II) solutions gives the TetraAmmineDiAquaCopper(II) ion [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]. Replacing the original H₂O ligands with NH₃ produces the intense blue colour.]] The partially-occupied d-orbitals of transition metal compounds are important in giving colour to transition metal complexes. See diagram (which could represent V²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, etc.): [[Image:Ligand field splitting.png|centre|400px]] ①. In an uncomplexed ion, all the d-orbitals have the same energy. ②. When ligands surround the ion, the negative charges of the ligands make the d-orbitals less stable (higher energy). ③. Critically, the ligands will come closer to some d-orbitals than to others. Typically, two or three of the orbitals will be destabilised more than the remainder. An electron in one of the lower d-orbitals can acquire the energy to be excited into a higher d-orbital: [[Image:Excitation in TM complex.png|centre|400px]] This mechanism allows transition metal complexes to absorb photons of visible light. Note that two criteria must be satisfied if the ion is to be coloured: * there must be a splitting of the d-orbitals. This only happens in the presence of ligands and thus only complex ions are coloured. Anhydrous ions do not have split d-orbitals and so cannot absorb light in the visible spectrum and are thus white. E.g. anhydrous CuSO₄ (d⁹) is white but hydrated CuSO₄.5H₂O is blue. * the d-orbitals must be partially filled. If the d-orbitals are empty (E.g. Sc³⁺, Al³⁺) then there are no electrons which can be excited into the higher energy d-orbitals and the ions will be colourless. If the d-orbitals are full (E.g. Cu⁺, Zn²⁺) then there are no empty orbitals into which the electrons can be excited and the ions will be colourless. d⁰ and d¹⁰ compounds ''can'' be coloured, but the mechanism (charge-transfer) is beyond the A-level specification. Examples: Cu₂O, MnO₄^-, Cr₂O₇^2- [[File:BenedicT.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Using Benedict's Reagent to test for aldehydes: The blue copper(II) citrate ([CuC₆H₅O₇]^–, left) is converted to red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O, right). The intermediate colours are mixtures of copper(II) and copper(I)oxide.]] ==== Use of colour in analysis of complex ions ==== The colour of a complex ion depends on: * the ligand * the coordination number * the oxidation state of the metal * the identity of the metal As transition metal ions can show a huge variety of colours, it is often possible to identify a complex ion simply by its colour. It is also possible to determine the concentration of a solution containing a coloured ion using a technique called ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry ("UV-Vis"). As the absorbance of a solution is proportional to its concentration, the concentration of any solution can be determined by comparing its absorbance to the absorbance of a solution of known concentration. The technique can be summarised as follows: a) A solution containing a known concentration of the ion is prepared, and a suitable ligand is added in excess in order to intensify the colour (thiocyanate ions, SCN^-, are often used for this purpose). b) A sample of the solution is placed into a cuvette in a colorimeter and the filter which gives the maximum absorbance is selected. c) The absorbance of the solution is recorded. d) This process is repeated using a range of other known concentrations, and a graph is plotted of absorbance against concentration. d) The solution of unknown concentration is mixed with an excess of the same ligand to intensify the colour. e) The absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration is then recorded using the same filter. f) The concentration of this solution can then be determined from the concentration-absorbance graph. === Other applications of transition metal complexes === ==== Haemoglobin ==== Another important complex ion involving multidentate ligands is haemoglobin. Haem is a complex ion consisting Fe²⁺ and a complex tetradentate ligand called porphyrin. The complex is generally found with a protein called globin, which provides the fifth coordinate bond, and a molecule of oxygen which forms the sixth bond. The complete six coordinate complex is called haemoglobin. This structure is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood throughout the human body. Fe²⁺ + porphyrin → haem haem + globin + O₂ → haemoglobin Carbon monoxide is a similar size and shape to oxygen and forms a much stronger bond with the iron. It thus displaces the oxygen from the complex and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. It is thus a very poisonous gas. ==== cisplatin ==== The square planar complex cisplatin has the following structure: It kills cancerous cells and now widely used in cancer treatment. ==== Tests for aldehydes and halide ions ==== DiAmmineSilver(I) has the formula [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and is the active ion in Tollens' reagent. It is reduced to silver by reducing sugars and aldehydes (but not ketones). It produces a characteristic silver mirror on the side of the test-tube and this is used as the basis of the test for aldehydes. It is also formed in the test for halide ions in solution. The silver halides are insoluble in water but AgCl and AgBr will dissolve in ammonia due to the formation of the DiAmmineSilver(I) complex: AgCl(s) + 2 NH₃(dilute) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgBr(s) + 2 NH₃(conc) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== photography ==== Silver bromide, AgBr, is the substance on photographic film. In the presence of light, it decomposes into silver and bromine: 2 AgBr → 2 Ag(s) + Br₂(l). The unreacted AgBr is removed when sodium thiosulfate is added. This forms a complex with the AgBr and washes it off the film, leaving only the silver metal on the film. The result is the negative image. AgBr(s) + 2 S₂O₃^2-(aq) → [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== Electroplating ==== Metals such as silver and gold generally occur native, but in very impure form. They can be extracted using cyanide ions which form stable complexes with silver and gold. The Ag is oxidised to Ag⁺ and then complexed as [Ag(CN)₂]^-. This complex is widely used in electroplating. To coat another object with silver, place the metal object to be coated at the cathode and use [Ag(CN)₂]^- as the electrolyte. The complex breaks up, Ag+ ions move to the cathode and the object is coated with a layer of silver. ==Transition Metals as Catalysts== The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that they can accept and lose electrons easily. This enables them to catalyse certain redox reactions. They can be readily oxidised and reduced again, or reduced and then oxidised again, as a consequence of having a number of different oxidation states of similar stability. They can behave either as homogeneous catalysts or as heterogeneous catalysts. === How a catalyst works === A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction with itself being chemically unchanged at the end. A catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction by providing an alternative route. An extra step is introduced. Because the activation energy is lower, more particles have enough energy to react when they collide and so the fraction of successful collisions is higher. === Homogeneous catalysis === A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis involves aqueous transition metal ions catalysing reactions, often between two anions. The cation reacts with each anion in turn, thus avoiding the need for a direct collision between two anions (this is difficult since they repel each other). E.g. S₂O₈^2-(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 SO₄^2-(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) This can be catalysed by Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ ions: With Fe²⁺: S₂O₈2-(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq) → 2 SO₄2-(aq) + 2 Fe3+(aq) 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>-(aq) → 2 Fe2+(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) With Fe³⁺: 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) :2 Fe²⁺(aq) + S₂O₈^2-(aq) → 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 SO₄^2-(aq) E.g. 2 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 10 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(l) This is a good example of auto-catalysis. One of the products in this reaction, Mn²⁺(aq), behaves as a catalyst and thus the reaction is slow at first but is much faster after a little of the products are formed. === Heterogeneous catalysis === Heterogeneous catalysts react by allowing the reactant molecules to bond to the surface of the metal, usually by attracting the surface electrons. The reaction takes place at the surface, and the transition metal regains electrons as the products leave. The reaction is catalysed because the reactant molecules spend more time in contact with each other than they would in the absence of a catalyst. E.g. hydrogenation of ethene ==== Physical adsorption and chemisorption ==== The molecules usually bond to the surface of the metal using intermolecular forces such as Van der Waal’s forces. This is known as physical adsorption. Sometimes they actually form a covalent bond with the metal. This is known as chemisorption. An ideal heterogeneous catalyst adsorbs fairly strongly but not too strongly. If it adsorbs too weakly (like silver) the reactant molecules do not spend enough time in contact with each other. If they adsorb too strongly (like tungsten) the products do not leave the metal surface quickly enough and this slows the reaction down. The most useful catalysts are those which adsorb moderately. As the strength of absorption tends to decrease from left to right along the Periodic Table, the most effective catalysts tend to be the transition metals in the middle, like V, Fe and Ni. ==== Examples of heterogeneous catalysts ==== Examples of heterogenous catalysts are; Fe in the production of ammonia, V2O5 in the contact process and Pt or Ni in the hydrogenation of ethene. i) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) Fe catalyst ii) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g) V₂O₅ catalyst iii) C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₆(g) Pt/Ni catalyst iv) 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) ⇌ N₂(g) + 2 CO₂(g) Rh catalyst The catalytic converter converts toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide and nitrogen. ==== Surface area ==== The catalyst needs to have a large surface area to be effective. This means it needs to be very thinly spread out, and might need a special support. Catalytic converters in cars use rhodium (Rh) on a special ceramic support ==== Catalyst poisoning ==== Heterogeneous catalysts can be poisoned by impurities, which are often present in the raw materials used. These impurities bond very strongly to the catalyst surface and block it. The activity of iron in the Haber process is reduced by sulfur, present in iron as an impurity so it is essential that as much sulfur as possible is removed during the Basic Oxygen Process. The efficiency of catalytic converters in cars is reduced by lead, which bonds permanently to the rhodium surface. This has lead to the increased use of unleaded petrol. == Redox Chemistry of Some Transition Elements == Since transition metals show a variety of transition states in their compounds, much of their chemistry is dominated by movement between these transition states. When the oxidation state changes, the colour changes as the electron distribution in the d-orbitals is different. The colour is also affected by the ligands involved, as the type of ligand affects the amount of splitting in the d-orbitals. === Iron === Iron exists in two common oxidation states, +2 (Fe²⁺) and +3 (Fe³⁺). In aqueous solution, the Fe is readily oxidised from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺: : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- The Fe²⁺ ion is thus a reducing agent. Concentrations of Fe³⁺ in solution can be determined by titration with oxidising agents. === Manganese === Manganese can exist in a number of oxidation states, but is most stable in an oxidation state of +2, +4 or +7 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +7 ! +4 ! +2 |- | Colour: | purple | brown or black | pale pink |- | Ion/compound: | MnO₄^- | MnO₂ | Mn²⁺ |- |} [[File:Potassium permanganate solutions 1.JPG|thumb|centre|300px|Potassium manganate(VII) solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 300 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3.]] [[File:Manganese(II)-sulfate-photo.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink colour, even in its pure form.]] In the +7 oxidation state it exists as the intense purple ion MnO₄^-. This can be reduced to the pale pink Mn²⁺ by Fe²⁺ in acidic solution: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e_- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) In titrations, excess MnO₄^- can oxidise Mn²⁺ to form MnO₂: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 3 e^- → MnO₂(s) + 2 H₂O(l) : Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 5 MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) === Chromium === Chromium forms stable ions in three different oxidation states, +2, +3 and +6. In aqueous solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | orange | green or blue | blue |- | Ion: | Cr₂O₇^2- | Cr³⁺ | Cr²⁺ |- |} The actual formula of the +2 and +3 complex ions depends on the acid used (Cl^- and SO₄^2- will also behave as ligands). {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Chrom(III)-sulfatlösung.jpg | Aqueous chromium(III) sulfate solution. | File:Chromium(III) chloride solutions 2.JPG | Aqueous chromium(III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 3, 6, 10, 25 and 50 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3. | File:Chrom(III)-hydroxid.jpg | Chromium(III) hydroxide. }} In aqueous alkaline solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 |- | Colour: | yellow | green |- | Ion: | CrO₄^2- | [Cr(OH)₄]^- |- |} The +6 chromium complexes can be readily interconverted using acid and alkali: 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 2 OH^-(aq) → 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ==== In acidic solution ==== All chromium(VI) compounds can be reduced to the +3 and then the +2 oxidation state by strong reducing agents such as zinc in acid solution. The chromium is first reduced to the +3 oxidation state: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall : : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 3 Zn(s) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 3 Zn²⁺(aq) It is then further reduced: : Cr³⁺(aq) + e^- ⇌ Cr²⁺(aq) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : Zn(s) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 Cr²⁺(aq) The colour change observed on adding zinc in acid solution to dichromate ions is orange (Cr₂O₇^2-) to green (Cr³⁺) to blue (Cr²⁺). Other, milder reducing agents will reduce the +6 oxidation state to +3 but no further. Fe²⁺ is an important example: : Fe²⁺(aq) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) This reaction can be used in titrations to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in a sample. ==== In alkaline solution ==== [[File:Chromate dichromate equilibrium.png|thumb|300px|centre|Orange dichromate(VI) is converted to yellow chromate(VI) by addition of alkali.]] In alkaline solution, it is possible to oxidise the +3 oxidation state to the +6 oxidation state. The chromium ion forms the [Cr(OH)₄]^- complex in alkaline conditions. This complex can be oxidised to the +6 oxidation state by adding H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide, which is a reducing agent in acidic solution, is an oxidising agent in alkaline solution. : [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) ⇌ CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) The green [Cr(OH)₄]^- ion is oxidised to the yellow CrO₄^2- ion in alkaline solution. The relative tendency of species to undergo oxidation and reduction often depends dramatically on the pH of the solution. The interconversion of the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states is an important example. In general, oxidation is favoured by alkaline conditions and reduction is favoured by acidic conditions. Alkaline conditions: : CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- ⇌ [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) -0.13 V : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) +0.88 V : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) +1.01 V Acidic conditions: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) +1.33 V : 2 H⁺ + H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 H₂O(l) +1.78 V : 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) + 3 H₂O₂(aq) ⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) +0.45 V === Cobalt === Cobalt exists in two stable oxidation states, +2 and +3 In acidic or neutral solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | yellow | pink |- | Ion: | Co³⁺ | Co²⁺ |- |} [[File:Cobalt(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Cobalt(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol dm^-3. The pink colour of the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex dominates and only at high concentrations do we begin to see any hint of the blue [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] [[File:Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate in Acetone.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Cobalt(II) chloride in propanone shows the blue colour of the [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] In alkaline solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | blue |- | Compound: | Co(OH)₃ | Co(OH)₂ |- |} In ammonia solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | straw |- | Ion: | [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ |- |} The colours of these complexes are not easy to identify as they change colour readily depending on the concentration of the various species in solution. The ease of oxidation of cobalt from +2 to +3 depends on the ligand and the pH: * It is extremely difficult to oxidise cobalt from +2 to +3 in acidic solution. * It is easier to oxidise Co²⁺ in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide. The blue Co(OH)₂ is oxidised to brown Co(OH)₃: : Co(OH)₂(s) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ Co(OH)₃(s) + e^- : H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 Co(OH)₂(s) + H₂O₂(aq) → 2 Co(OH)₃(s) * In ammoniacal solution it is very easy to oxidise Co²⁺, and it is oxidised when left to stand in air. The straw-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is oxidised to the brown-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (the solution gets darker): : [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + e^- : O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) + 4 e^- → 4 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) == Redox Titrations Involving Transition Metals == Oxidising agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of reducing agents. Reducing agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of oxidising agents. In the laboratory, there are two important reagents involving transition metals that are used in these titrations: potassium manganate(VII), KMnO₄, and potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇. The procedures and principles involved in these titrations will be considered in turn: === Potassium manganate(VII) (KMnO₄) titrations. === The MnO₄^- ion is a powerful oxidising agent: MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e^- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles involved in titrations involving KMnO₄ are: The colour change associated with the above reduction is: MnO₄^- (intense purple) → Mn²⁺ (colourless) The colour change is so intense that no indicator is required for the reaction. The KMnO₄ solution is generally placed in the burette. This causes two problems: * The intense colour of KMnO₄ means that it is very difficult to see the graduation marks on the burette, and so it is difficult to read accurately. * The KMnO₄ reacts slightly with the glass, causing a slight stain if the burette is used too often. The reason the KMnO₄ is placed in the burette is as follows: As the KMnO₄ is added to the solution under investigation, it is immediately decolorised by the reducing agent. The end-point is detected by the failure of the purple colour to disappear - a pink colour persists in the conical flask, indicating that the MnO₄^- ions are no longer being reduced. This permanent pink colour is easily detected. If the KMnO₄ were in the conical flask, it would slowly decolorise until the solution became completely colourless. The gradual disappearance of the pink colour is much harder to detect than the sudden appearance of the pink colour, and for this reason the KMnO₄ is always placed in the burette, despite the difficulties it presents in reading the burette. c) Since the MnO₄^- ion is only an effective oxidising agent in acidic medium, it is necessary to add excess acid to the conical flask before carrying out the titration. Sulfuric acid is generally used for this purpose. Hydrochloric acid should not be used since it is a reducing agent and will react with the MnO₄^- before the MnO₄^- can react with the reducing agent under investigation: 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 10 Cl^- → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 5 Cl₂(g) Common examples of reducing agents which are determined using KMnO₄ are Fe²⁺(aq) and C₂O₄^2-(aq) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : MnO₄^- (aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) : C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 e^- : 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 10 CO₂(g) === Dichromate(VI) (Cr₂O₇^2-) titrations === Dichromate (VI) is also a good oxidising agent in acidic medium: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles of dichromate(VI) titrations are: a) The colour change associated with this titration is orange → green. The colours are not, however, as intense as with the manganate(VII) titration and an indicator is needed. DiPhenylAmineSulfonate is used. It turns from colourless to purple at the end-point. b) The dichromate(VI) is always placed in the burette as it is easier to see the appearance of the purple colour than its disappearance. c) As with manganate(VII), care must be taken as to which acid to use. Sulfuric acid should be used as chloride ions could interfere with the titration. Fe²⁺(aq) is the reducing agent most commonly determined by titration with potassium dichromate(VI). : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) {{BookCat}} 1zqandbe9avbyld6pd5hdjcy9c0eich 4641052 4641051 2026-06-24T04:43:06Z Ewen 19329 /* Homogeneous catalysis */ 4641052 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== A d-block element is an element which has at least one s-electron and at least one d-electron but no p-electrons in its outer shell. === Electronic configuration === The outer electronic configuration of elements in the first row of the d-block is as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | Sc [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | | | | |- | Ti [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | | | |- | V [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr [Ar] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Mn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Fe [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Co [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Ni [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu [Ar] | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- | Zn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- |} Note the unusual structures of chromium and copper. The 4s and 3d subshells are very similar in energy and therefore it is easy to promote electrons from the 4s into the 3d orbitals. In chromium the 4s¹ 3d⁵ structure is adopted because the repulsion between two paired electrons in the 4s orbital is more than the energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells. It is thus more stable to have unpaired electrons in the higher energy 3d orbital than paired electrons in the lower energy 4s orbital. In copper and zinc the 3d subshell is actually lower in energy than the 4s subshell. The 3d orbitals are thus filled before the 4s orbital. Thus copper adopts a 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ configuration. In all ions of d-block elements, the 3d subshell is lower in energy than the 4s subshell so the 4s electrons are always removed first. 3d electrons are only removed after all 4s electrons have been removed. Some examples of electronic configurations of transition metal ions are shown below: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Ion ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | V²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr³⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Fe²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- |} === Oxidation states === The oxidation state formed by an element in its compounds is determined by the maximum number of electrons it can lose without requiring so much energy to remove the electrons that the energy cannot be recovered in bonding. s-block elements only form one stable oxidation state in their compounds. They lose all their valence electrons easily but cannot lose any more electrons since there is a large amount of energy required to remove the electrons from the inner shell. This jump in energy is best shown graphically: [[File:Ei Na.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of sodium plotted on log scale]] [[File:Ei Mg.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of magnesium plotted on log scale]] Na always adopts the +1 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a large jump between the first and the second ionisation energies. Mg always adopts the +2 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a small jump between the first and the second ionisation energies but a very large jump between the second and third ionisation energies. In the d-block elements, however, there are often a large number of valence electrons and removing them all would require so much energy that it would be unfeasible. It is usually only possible to remove some of the valence electrons. All d-block elements can give up their 4s electrons fairly easily but the d-electrons are harder to remove. Moreover, since the successive ionisation energies of d-electrons increase steadily, it is difficult to predict how many can be lost. This effect can be shown graphically by considering the successive ionisation energies of an element such as manganese: [[File:Ei Mn.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of manganese plotted on log scale]] The ionisation energies increase steadily after the removal of the 4s electrons. It turns out that the energy required to remove the 3d electrons is sometimes recovered in bonding, but not always. The number of 3d electrons removed thus varies from compound to compound d-block metals are thus able to adopt a variety of oxidation states. The oxidation states most commonly formed by the first-row d-block elements are as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! +1 ! +2 ! +3 ! +4 ! +5 ! +6 ! +7 |- | Sc | | | +3 (d⁰) | | | | |- | Ti | | | +3 (d¹) | +4 (d⁰) | | | |- | V | | +2 (d³) | +3 (d²) | +4 (d¹) | +5 (d⁰) | | |- | Cr | | | +3 (d³) | | | +6 (d⁰) | |- | Mn | | +2 (d⁵) | +3 (d⁴) | +4 (d³) | | +6 (d¹) | +7 (d⁰) |- | Fe | | +2 (d⁶) | +3 (d⁵) | | | | |- | Co | | +2 (d⁷) | +3 (d⁶) | | | | |- | Ni | | +2 (d⁸) | | | | | |- | Cu | +1 (d¹⁰) | +2 (d⁹) | | | | | |- | Zn | | +2 (d¹⁰) | | | | | |- |} It is sometimes possible to remove all 3d electrons to form a d⁰ configuration. However for elements beyond manganese it is unusual to find an oxidation state containing fewer than 5 3d electrons. The d⁵ configuration is quite stable because paired d-electrons can be removed to reach d⁵ but unpaired electrons must be removed to reach d⁴. Unpaired electrons are harder to remove because there is less repulsion between the electrons. Note that scandium only forms +3 ions (d⁰). This is because the low effective nuclear charge on scandium enables all three valence electrons to be removed fairly easily. Note also that zinc only forms +2 ions (d¹⁰). This is because the high effective nuclear charge on zinc prevents any 3d electrons from being removed. All the other elements form at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals, and it is this property which defines a transition metal. '''A transition metal is a metal which forms at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals.''' Since zinc and scandium do not share this property, they are not transition metals, and indeed do not show many of the properties generally attributed to transition metals. They are however still classified as d-block elements. The first row d-block elements which are also transition metals are therefore titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Some definitions of transition metals includes ''atoms'' with partially filled d orbitals, which adds scandium to the set. ==Complex Ions== A complex ion is an ion comprising one or more ligands attached to a central metal cation by means of a dative covalent bond. A ligand is a species which can use its lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a transition metal. Examples of ligands are H₂O:, :NH₃, :Cl^-, :OH^-, :CN^-, Cations which form complex ions must have two features: - they must have a high charge density, and thus be able to attract electrons from ligands. - they must have empty orbitals of low energy, so that they can accept the lone pair of electrons from the ligands. Cations of d-block metals are small, have a high charge and have available empty 3d and 4s orbitals of low energy. They thus form complex ions readily. The number of lone pairs of electrons which a cation can accept is known as the coordination number of the cation. It depends on the size and electronic configuration of that cation, and also on the size and charge of the ligand. 6 is the most common coordination number, although 4 and 2 are also known. Examples of complex ions are [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [CoCl₄]^2-, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Note that the formula of the ion is always written inside square brackets with the overall charge written outside the brackets. ===Shapes of complex ions=== 6-coordinate complexes are all octahedral, and are formed with small ligands such as H₂O and NH₃. Examples: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺; [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ They can be drawn as shown below: {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} 4-coordinate complexes are generally tetrahedral, and are formed with larger ligands such as Cl^-. Larger ligands cannot fit around the transition metal so easily and hence form smaller complexes. They can be drawn as shown above. Examples: [CoCl₄]^2-; [CuCl₄]^2- 2-coordinate complexes are in general linear, and are formed with Ag⁺ ions. They can be drawn as follows: [[File:Silver(I) diammine cation ion structure.png|frameless|upright=0.5|centre|DiAmmineSilver(I) cation structure]] The rules covering the likely coordination number of transition metal complexes are: a) Silver ions form linear complexes with a coordination number of 2; b) Chloride ions and other large ions form tetrahedral complexes with a coordination number of 4; c) Most other transition metal complexes are octahedral with a coordination number of 6. ===Representation of metal salts=== When metal ions are in solution, they are usually represented as the simple ion, such as Fe²⁺(aq), Co²⁺(aq), Cr³⁺(aq) or Fe²⁺(aq). This is, however, a simplified representation as all d-block cations and many other cations with high polarising power exist as the hexaaqua complex, e.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺. Examples: :FeSO₄(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :CuCl₂(aq) consists of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and Cl^- ions Many complex ions exist in the solid state. In these cases the ligands are often written after the rest of the compound, separated by a dot: Examples: :[Fe(H₂O)₆]SO₄(s) is generally written FeSO₄·6H₂O(s) :[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃(s) is generally written CrCl₃·6H₂O(s) The dot does not always, however, mean that there are ligands present; some salts contain water of crystallisation, where the water is not a ligand but a link between the ions. Examples: :In Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, the water molecules are not behaving as ligands, but as water molecules of crystallisation. :In CuSO₄·5H₂O, four of the water molecules are behaving as ligands, and the fifth as a water molecule of crystallisation: [Cu(H₂O)₄]SO₄·H₂O === Chemical properties of complex ions === ==== Polarising Power ==== The effect of ligands in a complex ion is to significantly stabilise the metal cation by increasing its size and hence reducing its polarising power. Many compounds which are covalent in the anhydrous state are actually ionic in the hydrated state: Examples: :FeCl₃(s) is covalent but FeCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. :AlCl₃(s) is covalent but AlCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. ====Precipitation reactions==== The properties of anions are also changed if they are behaving as ligands in a complex ion. In particular, they are much less readily precipitated by cations. For example, AgNO₃(aq) will form a precipitate of AgCl if added to a solution of copper(II) chloride, [Cu(H₂O)₄]Cl₂ but not from sodium tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Na₂[CoCl₄]. BaCl₂(aq) will form a precipitate of BaSO₄ if added to a solution of [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]SO₄ but not with [Cr(H₂O)₅SO₄]Cl. ==== Heating ==== The properties of molecules also changes if they are behaving as ligands. In particular, they are much less readily removed by heating. For example, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to Na₂CO₃(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C. FeSO₄·6H₂O(s), however, can only be dehydrated to FeSO₄(s) by strong heating at 150 °C, since the water is strongly bonded to the Fe²⁺ as a ligand. CuSO₄·5H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to CuSO₄·4H₂O(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C, and to CuSO₄ by strong heating at 100 °C. One of the water molecules is a molecule of crystallisation but the others are ligands. === Multidentate ligands === Some ligands are capable of forming more than one dative covalent bond per ligand. Examples are ethanedioate (C₂O₄^2-) and 1,2-diaminoethane (H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂), both of which donate two lone pairs per ligand and are said to be bidentate. 1,2-diaminoethane is written as (en) in the formula. One unusual ligand, EDTA^4- ((HOOCCH₂)₂NCH₂CH₂N(CH₂COOH)₂) can form 6 dative covalent bonds per ligand. It is thus said to be hexadentate. EDTA is written as (edta) in formulae. Ligands such as H₂O, Cl^- and CN^- form only one dative covalent bond per ligand and are said to be unidentate. With polydentate ligands it often appears that the coordination number of the complex is 1 or 3, when in fact the coordination number is 6 as normal - it is just that each ligand is bonded twice. Some examples of these complex ions are shown below: [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]^3- [Cr(en)₃]³⁺ [Cu(edta)]^2- Multidentate ligands are very effective at binding to cations and can effectively stop them from reacting with anything else. Ethanedioate is toxic because it binds to Ca²⁺ ions. Other multidentate ligands are used in "chelation therapy" to remove toxic heavy metals if a patient has ingested them. ===Colour in Transition Metal Complexes=== [[File:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|800px]] ''Above: Aqueous solutions of (left to right): cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO₃)₂ (red); potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange); potassium chromate, K₂CrO₄ (yellow); nickel(II) chloride, NiCl₂ (green); copper(II) sulfate, CuSO₄ (blue); potassium permanganate, KMnO₄ (violet).'' [[w:Transition metals|Transition metals]] form complex ions – the metal binds to small molecules or anions called ligands. The ligands allow the electrons of the metal ion to enter an excited state if the electrons absorb a photon of visible light. When a cation forms a complex ion, the incoming ligands repel the electrons in the atom, and thus they are raised in energy. Some of the d-orbitals, however, are repelled more than others and the result is that the d-orbitals are split into 2 groups of orbitals, with three orbitals being slightly lower in energy than the other two. The difference in energy between these groups of orbitals is similar to the energy of visible light. The energy of the light is related to the frequency of the light by the equation ''E'' = ''hf''. If these d-orbitals are partially filled, some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals are excited into the higher energy orbitals, and in doing so absorb the light that corresponds to that frequency. The resultant light is deficient in the light of that frequency and thus appears coloured. So, transition metal ions are coloured because d-electrons can absorb light and get excited into higher energy d-orbitals. The resultant light is thus missing certain frequencies and is hence coloured. {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} [[File:Copper(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|400px|centre|Copper(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol dm^-3. The dilute solutions are blue [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ whereas the concentrated solutions are green [CuCl₄]^2-.]] [[File:Cu(NH3)4(OH)2.png|thumb|250px|centre|Addition of excess ammonia to copper(II) solutions gives the TetraAmmineDiAquaCopper(II) ion [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]. Replacing the original H₂O ligands with NH₃ produces the intense blue colour.]] The partially-occupied d-orbitals of transition metal compounds are important in giving colour to transition metal complexes. See diagram (which could represent V²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, etc.): [[Image:Ligand field splitting.png|centre|400px]] ①. In an uncomplexed ion, all the d-orbitals have the same energy. ②. When ligands surround the ion, the negative charges of the ligands make the d-orbitals less stable (higher energy). ③. Critically, the ligands will come closer to some d-orbitals than to others. Typically, two or three of the orbitals will be destabilised more than the remainder. An electron in one of the lower d-orbitals can acquire the energy to be excited into a higher d-orbital: [[Image:Excitation in TM complex.png|centre|400px]] This mechanism allows transition metal complexes to absorb photons of visible light. Note that two criteria must be satisfied if the ion is to be coloured: * there must be a splitting of the d-orbitals. This only happens in the presence of ligands and thus only complex ions are coloured. Anhydrous ions do not have split d-orbitals and so cannot absorb light in the visible spectrum and are thus white. E.g. anhydrous CuSO₄ (d⁹) is white but hydrated CuSO₄.5H₂O is blue. * the d-orbitals must be partially filled. If the d-orbitals are empty (E.g. Sc³⁺, Al³⁺) then there are no electrons which can be excited into the higher energy d-orbitals and the ions will be colourless. If the d-orbitals are full (E.g. Cu⁺, Zn²⁺) then there are no empty orbitals into which the electrons can be excited and the ions will be colourless. d⁰ and d¹⁰ compounds ''can'' be coloured, but the mechanism (charge-transfer) is beyond the A-level specification. Examples: Cu₂O, MnO₄^-, Cr₂O₇^2- [[File:BenedicT.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Using Benedict's Reagent to test for aldehydes: The blue copper(II) citrate ([CuC₆H₅O₇]^–, left) is converted to red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O, right). The intermediate colours are mixtures of copper(II) and copper(I)oxide.]] ==== Use of colour in analysis of complex ions ==== The colour of a complex ion depends on: * the ligand * the coordination number * the oxidation state of the metal * the identity of the metal As transition metal ions can show a huge variety of colours, it is often possible to identify a complex ion simply by its colour. It is also possible to determine the concentration of a solution containing a coloured ion using a technique called ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry ("UV-Vis"). As the absorbance of a solution is proportional to its concentration, the concentration of any solution can be determined by comparing its absorbance to the absorbance of a solution of known concentration. The technique can be summarised as follows: a) A solution containing a known concentration of the ion is prepared, and a suitable ligand is added in excess in order to intensify the colour (thiocyanate ions, SCN^-, are often used for this purpose). b) A sample of the solution is placed into a cuvette in a colorimeter and the filter which gives the maximum absorbance is selected. c) The absorbance of the solution is recorded. d) This process is repeated using a range of other known concentrations, and a graph is plotted of absorbance against concentration. d) The solution of unknown concentration is mixed with an excess of the same ligand to intensify the colour. e) The absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration is then recorded using the same filter. f) The concentration of this solution can then be determined from the concentration-absorbance graph. === Other applications of transition metal complexes === ==== Haemoglobin ==== Another important complex ion involving multidentate ligands is haemoglobin. Haem is a complex ion consisting Fe²⁺ and a complex tetradentate ligand called porphyrin. The complex is generally found with a protein called globin, which provides the fifth coordinate bond, and a molecule of oxygen which forms the sixth bond. The complete six coordinate complex is called haemoglobin. This structure is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood throughout the human body. Fe²⁺ + porphyrin → haem haem + globin + O₂ → haemoglobin Carbon monoxide is a similar size and shape to oxygen and forms a much stronger bond with the iron. It thus displaces the oxygen from the complex and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. It is thus a very poisonous gas. ==== cisplatin ==== The square planar complex cisplatin has the following structure: It kills cancerous cells and now widely used in cancer treatment. ==== Tests for aldehydes and halide ions ==== DiAmmineSilver(I) has the formula [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and is the active ion in Tollens' reagent. It is reduced to silver by reducing sugars and aldehydes (but not ketones). It produces a characteristic silver mirror on the side of the test-tube and this is used as the basis of the test for aldehydes. It is also formed in the test for halide ions in solution. The silver halides are insoluble in water but AgCl and AgBr will dissolve in ammonia due to the formation of the DiAmmineSilver(I) complex: AgCl(s) + 2 NH₃(dilute) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgBr(s) + 2 NH₃(conc) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== photography ==== Silver bromide, AgBr, is the substance on photographic film. In the presence of light, it decomposes into silver and bromine: 2 AgBr → 2 Ag(s) + Br₂(l). The unreacted AgBr is removed when sodium thiosulfate is added. This forms a complex with the AgBr and washes it off the film, leaving only the silver metal on the film. The result is the negative image. AgBr(s) + 2 S₂O₃^2-(aq) → [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== Electroplating ==== Metals such as silver and gold generally occur native, but in very impure form. They can be extracted using cyanide ions which form stable complexes with silver and gold. The Ag is oxidised to Ag⁺ and then complexed as [Ag(CN)₂]^-. This complex is widely used in electroplating. To coat another object with silver, place the metal object to be coated at the cathode and use [Ag(CN)₂]^- as the electrolyte. The complex breaks up, Ag+ ions move to the cathode and the object is coated with a layer of silver. ==Transition Metals as Catalysts== The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that they can accept and lose electrons easily. This enables them to catalyse certain redox reactions. They can be readily oxidised and reduced again, or reduced and then oxidised again, as a consequence of having a number of different oxidation states of similar stability. They can behave either as homogeneous catalysts or as heterogeneous catalysts. === How a catalyst works === A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction with itself being chemically unchanged at the end. A catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction by providing an alternative route. An extra step is introduced. Because the activation energy is lower, more particles have enough energy to react when they collide and so the fraction of successful collisions is higher. === Homogeneous catalysis === A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis involves aqueous transition metal ions catalysing reactions, often between two anions. The cation reacts with each anion in turn, thus avoiding the need for a direct collision between two anions (this is difficult since they repel each other). E.g. S₂O₈^2-(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 SO₄^2-(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) This can be catalysed by Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ ions: With Fe²⁺: S₂O₈^2–(aq) + 2 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 SO₄^2–(aq) + 2 Fe³⁺(aq) 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) With Fe³⁺: 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) :2 Fe²⁺(aq) + S₂O₈^2-(aq) → 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 SO₄^2-(aq) E.g. 2 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 10 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(l) This is a good example of auto-catalysis. One of the products in this reaction, Mn²⁺(aq), behaves as a catalyst and thus the reaction is slow at first but is much faster after a little of the products are formed. === Heterogeneous catalysis === Heterogeneous catalysts react by allowing the reactant molecules to bond to the surface of the metal, usually by attracting the surface electrons. The reaction takes place at the surface, and the transition metal regains electrons as the products leave. The reaction is catalysed because the reactant molecules spend more time in contact with each other than they would in the absence of a catalyst. E.g. hydrogenation of ethene ==== Physical adsorption and chemisorption ==== The molecules usually bond to the surface of the metal using intermolecular forces such as Van der Waal’s forces. This is known as physical adsorption. Sometimes they actually form a covalent bond with the metal. This is known as chemisorption. An ideal heterogeneous catalyst adsorbs fairly strongly but not too strongly. If it adsorbs too weakly (like silver) the reactant molecules do not spend enough time in contact with each other. If they adsorb too strongly (like tungsten) the products do not leave the metal surface quickly enough and this slows the reaction down. The most useful catalysts are those which adsorb moderately. As the strength of absorption tends to decrease from left to right along the Periodic Table, the most effective catalysts tend to be the transition metals in the middle, like V, Fe and Ni. ==== Examples of heterogeneous catalysts ==== Examples of heterogenous catalysts are; Fe in the production of ammonia, V2O5 in the contact process and Pt or Ni in the hydrogenation of ethene. i) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) Fe catalyst ii) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g) V₂O₅ catalyst iii) C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₆(g) Pt/Ni catalyst iv) 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) ⇌ N₂(g) + 2 CO₂(g) Rh catalyst The catalytic converter converts toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide and nitrogen. ==== Surface area ==== The catalyst needs to have a large surface area to be effective. This means it needs to be very thinly spread out, and might need a special support. Catalytic converters in cars use rhodium (Rh) on a special ceramic support ==== Catalyst poisoning ==== Heterogeneous catalysts can be poisoned by impurities, which are often present in the raw materials used. These impurities bond very strongly to the catalyst surface and block it. The activity of iron in the Haber process is reduced by sulfur, present in iron as an impurity so it is essential that as much sulfur as possible is removed during the Basic Oxygen Process. The efficiency of catalytic converters in cars is reduced by lead, which bonds permanently to the rhodium surface. This has lead to the increased use of unleaded petrol. == Redox Chemistry of Some Transition Elements == Since transition metals show a variety of transition states in their compounds, much of their chemistry is dominated by movement between these transition states. When the oxidation state changes, the colour changes as the electron distribution in the d-orbitals is different. The colour is also affected by the ligands involved, as the type of ligand affects the amount of splitting in the d-orbitals. === Iron === Iron exists in two common oxidation states, +2 (Fe²⁺) and +3 (Fe³⁺). In aqueous solution, the Fe is readily oxidised from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺: : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- The Fe²⁺ ion is thus a reducing agent. Concentrations of Fe³⁺ in solution can be determined by titration with oxidising agents. === Manganese === Manganese can exist in a number of oxidation states, but is most stable in an oxidation state of +2, +4 or +7 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +7 ! +4 ! +2 |- | Colour: | purple | brown or black | pale pink |- | Ion/compound: | MnO₄^- | MnO₂ | Mn²⁺ |- |} [[File:Potassium permanganate solutions 1.JPG|thumb|centre|300px|Potassium manganate(VII) solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 300 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3.]] [[File:Manganese(II)-sulfate-photo.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink colour, even in its pure form.]] In the +7 oxidation state it exists as the intense purple ion MnO₄^-. This can be reduced to the pale pink Mn²⁺ by Fe²⁺ in acidic solution: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e_- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) In titrations, excess MnO₄^- can oxidise Mn²⁺ to form MnO₂: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 3 e^- → MnO₂(s) + 2 H₂O(l) : Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 5 MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) === Chromium === Chromium forms stable ions in three different oxidation states, +2, +3 and +6. In aqueous solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | orange | green or blue | blue |- | Ion: | Cr₂O₇^2- | Cr³⁺ | Cr²⁺ |- |} The actual formula of the +2 and +3 complex ions depends on the acid used (Cl^- and SO₄^2- will also behave as ligands). {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Chrom(III)-sulfatlösung.jpg | Aqueous chromium(III) sulfate solution. | File:Chromium(III) chloride solutions 2.JPG | Aqueous chromium(III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 3, 6, 10, 25 and 50 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3. | File:Chrom(III)-hydroxid.jpg | Chromium(III) hydroxide. }} In aqueous alkaline solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 |- | Colour: | yellow | green |- | Ion: | CrO₄^2- | [Cr(OH)₄]^- |- |} The +6 chromium complexes can be readily interconverted using acid and alkali: 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 2 OH^-(aq) → 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ==== In acidic solution ==== All chromium(VI) compounds can be reduced to the +3 and then the +2 oxidation state by strong reducing agents such as zinc in acid solution. The chromium is first reduced to the +3 oxidation state: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall : : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 3 Zn(s) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 3 Zn²⁺(aq) It is then further reduced: : Cr³⁺(aq) + e^- ⇌ Cr²⁺(aq) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : Zn(s) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 Cr²⁺(aq) The colour change observed on adding zinc in acid solution to dichromate ions is orange (Cr₂O₇^2-) to green (Cr³⁺) to blue (Cr²⁺). Other, milder reducing agents will reduce the +6 oxidation state to +3 but no further. Fe²⁺ is an important example: : Fe²⁺(aq) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) This reaction can be used in titrations to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in a sample. ==== In alkaline solution ==== [[File:Chromate dichromate equilibrium.png|thumb|300px|centre|Orange dichromate(VI) is converted to yellow chromate(VI) by addition of alkali.]] In alkaline solution, it is possible to oxidise the +3 oxidation state to the +6 oxidation state. The chromium ion forms the [Cr(OH)₄]^- complex in alkaline conditions. This complex can be oxidised to the +6 oxidation state by adding H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide, which is a reducing agent in acidic solution, is an oxidising agent in alkaline solution. : [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) ⇌ CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) The green [Cr(OH)₄]^- ion is oxidised to the yellow CrO₄^2- ion in alkaline solution. The relative tendency of species to undergo oxidation and reduction often depends dramatically on the pH of the solution. The interconversion of the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states is an important example. In general, oxidation is favoured by alkaline conditions and reduction is favoured by acidic conditions. Alkaline conditions: : CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- ⇌ [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) -0.13 V : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) +0.88 V : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) +1.01 V Acidic conditions: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) +1.33 V : 2 H⁺ + H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 H₂O(l) +1.78 V : 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) + 3 H₂O₂(aq) ⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) +0.45 V === Cobalt === Cobalt exists in two stable oxidation states, +2 and +3 In acidic or neutral solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | yellow | pink |- | Ion: | Co³⁺ | Co²⁺ |- |} [[File:Cobalt(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Cobalt(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol dm^-3. The pink colour of the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex dominates and only at high concentrations do we begin to see any hint of the blue [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] [[File:Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate in Acetone.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Cobalt(II) chloride in propanone shows the blue colour of the [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] In alkaline solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | blue |- | Compound: | Co(OH)₃ | Co(OH)₂ |- |} In ammonia solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | straw |- | Ion: | [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ |- |} The colours of these complexes are not easy to identify as they change colour readily depending on the concentration of the various species in solution. The ease of oxidation of cobalt from +2 to +3 depends on the ligand and the pH: * It is extremely difficult to oxidise cobalt from +2 to +3 in acidic solution. * It is easier to oxidise Co²⁺ in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide. The blue Co(OH)₂ is oxidised to brown Co(OH)₃: : Co(OH)₂(s) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ Co(OH)₃(s) + e^- : H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 Co(OH)₂(s) + H₂O₂(aq) → 2 Co(OH)₃(s) * In ammoniacal solution it is very easy to oxidise Co²⁺, and it is oxidised when left to stand in air. The straw-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is oxidised to the brown-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (the solution gets darker): : [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + e^- : O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) + 4 e^- → 4 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) == Redox Titrations Involving Transition Metals == Oxidising agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of reducing agents. Reducing agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of oxidising agents. In the laboratory, there are two important reagents involving transition metals that are used in these titrations: potassium manganate(VII), KMnO₄, and potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇. The procedures and principles involved in these titrations will be considered in turn: === Potassium manganate(VII) (KMnO₄) titrations. === The MnO₄^- ion is a powerful oxidising agent: MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e^- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles involved in titrations involving KMnO₄ are: The colour change associated with the above reduction is: MnO₄^- (intense purple) → Mn²⁺ (colourless) The colour change is so intense that no indicator is required for the reaction. The KMnO₄ solution is generally placed in the burette. This causes two problems: * The intense colour of KMnO₄ means that it is very difficult to see the graduation marks on the burette, and so it is difficult to read accurately. * The KMnO₄ reacts slightly with the glass, causing a slight stain if the burette is used too often. The reason the KMnO₄ is placed in the burette is as follows: As the KMnO₄ is added to the solution under investigation, it is immediately decolorised by the reducing agent. The end-point is detected by the failure of the purple colour to disappear - a pink colour persists in the conical flask, indicating that the MnO₄^- ions are no longer being reduced. This permanent pink colour is easily detected. If the KMnO₄ were in the conical flask, it would slowly decolorise until the solution became completely colourless. The gradual disappearance of the pink colour is much harder to detect than the sudden appearance of the pink colour, and for this reason the KMnO₄ is always placed in the burette, despite the difficulties it presents in reading the burette. c) Since the MnO₄^- ion is only an effective oxidising agent in acidic medium, it is necessary to add excess acid to the conical flask before carrying out the titration. Sulfuric acid is generally used for this purpose. Hydrochloric acid should not be used since it is a reducing agent and will react with the MnO₄^- before the MnO₄^- can react with the reducing agent under investigation: 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 10 Cl^- → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 5 Cl₂(g) Common examples of reducing agents which are determined using KMnO₄ are Fe²⁺(aq) and C₂O₄^2-(aq) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : MnO₄^- (aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) : C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 e^- : 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 10 CO₂(g) === Dichromate(VI) (Cr₂O₇^2-) titrations === Dichromate (VI) is also a good oxidising agent in acidic medium: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles of dichromate(VI) titrations are: a) The colour change associated with this titration is orange → green. The colours are not, however, as intense as with the manganate(VII) titration and an indicator is needed. DiPhenylAmineSulfonate is used. It turns from colourless to purple at the end-point. b) The dichromate(VI) is always placed in the burette as it is easier to see the appearance of the purple colour than its disappearance. c) As with manganate(VII), care must be taken as to which acid to use. Sulfuric acid should be used as chloride ions could interfere with the titration. Fe²⁺(aq) is the reducing agent most commonly determined by titration with potassium dichromate(VI). : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) {{BookCat}} awh0j2h8k3p39xuii7rdqx88empo6f7 4641053 4641052 2026-06-24T04:46:00Z Ewen 19329 /* Homogeneous catalysis */ 4641053 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introduction== A d-block element is an element which has at least one s-electron and at least one d-electron but no p-electrons in its outer shell. === Electronic configuration === The outer electronic configuration of elements in the first row of the d-block is as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | Sc [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | | | | |- | Ti [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | | | |- | V [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr [Ar] | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Mn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Fe [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Co [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Ni [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu [Ar] | ↑ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- | Zn [Ar] | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ |- |} Note the unusual structures of chromium and copper. The 4s and 3d subshells are very similar in energy and therefore it is easy to promote electrons from the 4s into the 3d orbitals. In chromium the 4s¹ 3d⁵ structure is adopted because the repulsion between two paired electrons in the 4s orbital is more than the energy difference between the 4s and 3d subshells. It is thus more stable to have unpaired electrons in the higher energy 3d orbital than paired electrons in the lower energy 4s orbital. In copper and zinc the 3d subshell is actually lower in energy than the 4s subshell. The 3d orbitals are thus filled before the 4s orbital. Thus copper adopts a 4s¹ 3d¹⁰ configuration. In all ions of d-block elements, the 3d subshell is lower in energy than the 4s subshell so the 4s electrons are always removed first. 3d electrons are only removed after all 4s electrons have been removed. Some examples of electronic configurations of transition metal ions are shown below: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Ion ! 4s ! ! ! 3d ! ! |- | V²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Cr³⁺ [Ar] | | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | | |- | Fe²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- | Cu²⁺ [Ar] | | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑↓ | ↑ |- |} === Oxidation states === The oxidation state formed by an element in its compounds is determined by the maximum number of electrons it can lose without requiring so much energy to remove the electrons that the energy cannot be recovered in bonding. s-block elements only form one stable oxidation state in their compounds. They lose all their valence electrons easily but cannot lose any more electrons since there is a large amount of energy required to remove the electrons from the inner shell. This jump in energy is best shown graphically: [[File:Ei Na.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of sodium plotted on log scale]] [[File:Ei Mg.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of magnesium plotted on log scale]] Na always adopts the +1 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a large jump between the first and the second ionisation energies. Mg always adopts the +2 oxidation state in its compounds because there is a small jump between the first and the second ionisation energies but a very large jump between the second and third ionisation energies. In the d-block elements, however, there are often a large number of valence electrons and removing them all would require so much energy that it would be unfeasible. It is usually only possible to remove some of the valence electrons. All d-block elements can give up their 4s electrons fairly easily but the d-electrons are harder to remove. Moreover, since the successive ionisation energies of d-electrons increase steadily, it is difficult to predict how many can be lost. This effect can be shown graphically by considering the successive ionisation energies of an element such as manganese: [[File:Ei Mn.png|thumb|upright=1.0|centre|First 8 ionisation energies of manganese plotted on log scale]] The ionisation energies increase steadily after the removal of the 4s electrons. It turns out that the energy required to remove the 3d electrons is sometimes recovered in bonding, but not always. The number of 3d electrons removed thus varies from compound to compound d-block metals are thus able to adopt a variety of oxidation states. The oxidation states most commonly formed by the first-row d-block elements are as follows: {| class="wikitable" align=centre |- ! Atom ! +1 ! +2 ! +3 ! +4 ! +5 ! +6 ! +7 |- | Sc | | | +3 (d⁰) | | | | |- | Ti | | | +3 (d¹) | +4 (d⁰) | | | |- | V | | +2 (d³) | +3 (d²) | +4 (d¹) | +5 (d⁰) | | |- | Cr | | | +3 (d³) | | | +6 (d⁰) | |- | Mn | | +2 (d⁵) | +3 (d⁴) | +4 (d³) | | +6 (d¹) | +7 (d⁰) |- | Fe | | +2 (d⁶) | +3 (d⁵) | | | | |- | Co | | +2 (d⁷) | +3 (d⁶) | | | | |- | Ni | | +2 (d⁸) | | | | | |- | Cu | +1 (d¹⁰) | +2 (d⁹) | | | | | |- | Zn | | +2 (d¹⁰) | | | | | |- |} It is sometimes possible to remove all 3d electrons to form a d⁰ configuration. However for elements beyond manganese it is unusual to find an oxidation state containing fewer than 5 3d electrons. The d⁵ configuration is quite stable because paired d-electrons can be removed to reach d⁵ but unpaired electrons must be removed to reach d⁴. Unpaired electrons are harder to remove because there is less repulsion between the electrons. Note that scandium only forms +3 ions (d⁰). This is because the low effective nuclear charge on scandium enables all three valence electrons to be removed fairly easily. Note also that zinc only forms +2 ions (d¹⁰). This is because the high effective nuclear charge on zinc prevents any 3d electrons from being removed. All the other elements form at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals, and it is this property which defines a transition metal. '''A transition metal is a metal which forms at least one stable ion with partially filled d-orbitals.''' Since zinc and scandium do not share this property, they are not transition metals, and indeed do not show many of the properties generally attributed to transition metals. They are however still classified as d-block elements. The first row d-block elements which are also transition metals are therefore titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Some definitions of transition metals includes ''atoms'' with partially filled d orbitals, which adds scandium to the set. ==Complex Ions== A complex ion is an ion comprising one or more ligands attached to a central metal cation by means of a dative covalent bond. A ligand is a species which can use its lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a transition metal. Examples of ligands are H₂O:, :NH₃, :Cl^-, :OH^-, :CN^-, Cations which form complex ions must have two features: - they must have a high charge density, and thus be able to attract electrons from ligands. - they must have empty orbitals of low energy, so that they can accept the lone pair of electrons from the ligands. Cations of d-block metals are small, have a high charge and have available empty 3d and 4s orbitals of low energy. They thus form complex ions readily. The number of lone pairs of electrons which a cation can accept is known as the coordination number of the cation. It depends on the size and electronic configuration of that cation, and also on the size and charge of the ligand. 6 is the most common coordination number, although 4 and 2 are also known. Examples of complex ions are [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [CoCl₄]^2-, [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺. Note that the formula of the ion is always written inside square brackets with the overall charge written outside the brackets. ===Shapes of complex ions=== 6-coordinate complexes are all octahedral, and are formed with small ligands such as H₂O and NH₃. Examples: [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺; [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺; [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺ They can be drawn as shown below: {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} 4-coordinate complexes are generally tetrahedral, and are formed with larger ligands such as Cl^-. Larger ligands cannot fit around the transition metal so easily and hence form smaller complexes. They can be drawn as shown above. Examples: [CoCl₄]^2-; [CuCl₄]^2- 2-coordinate complexes are in general linear, and are formed with Ag⁺ ions. They can be drawn as follows: [[File:Silver(I) diammine cation ion structure.png|frameless|upright=0.5|centre|DiAmmineSilver(I) cation structure]] The rules covering the likely coordination number of transition metal complexes are: a) Silver ions form linear complexes with a coordination number of 2; b) Chloride ions and other large ions form tetrahedral complexes with a coordination number of 4; c) Most other transition metal complexes are octahedral with a coordination number of 6. ===Representation of metal salts=== When metal ions are in solution, they are usually represented as the simple ion, such as Fe²⁺(aq), Co²⁺(aq), Cr³⁺(aq) or Fe²⁺(aq). This is, however, a simplified representation as all d-block cations and many other cations with high polarising power exist as the hexaaqua complex, e.g. [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺. Examples: :FeSO₄(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :Fe₂(SO₄)₃(aq) consists of [Fe(H₂O)₆]³⁺ and SO₄^2- ions :CuCl₂(aq) consists of [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ and Cl^- ions Many complex ions exist in the solid state. In these cases the ligands are often written after the rest of the compound, separated by a dot: Examples: :[Fe(H₂O)₆]SO₄(s) is generally written FeSO₄·6H₂O(s) :[Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃(s) is generally written CrCl₃·6H₂O(s) The dot does not always, however, mean that there are ligands present; some salts contain water of crystallisation, where the water is not a ligand but a link between the ions. Examples: :In Na₂CO₃·10H₂O, the water molecules are not behaving as ligands, but as water molecules of crystallisation. :In CuSO₄·5H₂O, four of the water molecules are behaving as ligands, and the fifth as a water molecule of crystallisation: [Cu(H₂O)₄]SO₄·H₂O === Chemical properties of complex ions === ==== Polarising Power ==== The effect of ligands in a complex ion is to significantly stabilise the metal cation by increasing its size and hence reducing its polarising power. Many compounds which are covalent in the anhydrous state are actually ionic in the hydrated state: Examples: :FeCl₃(s) is covalent but FeCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. :AlCl₃(s) is covalent but AlCl₃·6H₂O(s) is ionic. ====Precipitation reactions==== The properties of anions are also changed if they are behaving as ligands in a complex ion. In particular, they are much less readily precipitated by cations. For example, AgNO₃(aq) will form a precipitate of AgCl if added to a solution of copper(II) chloride, [Cu(H₂O)₄]Cl₂ but not from sodium tetrachlorocobaltate(II), Na₂[CoCl₄]. BaCl₂(aq) will form a precipitate of BaSO₄ if added to a solution of [Cr(H₂O)₅Cl]SO₄ but not with [Cr(H₂O)₅SO₄]Cl. ==== Heating ==== The properties of molecules also changes if they are behaving as ligands. In particular, they are much less readily removed by heating. For example, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to Na₂CO₃(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C. FeSO₄·6H₂O(s), however, can only be dehydrated to FeSO₄(s) by strong heating at 150 °C, since the water is strongly bonded to the Fe²⁺ as a ligand. CuSO₄·5H₂O(s) can be dehydrated to CuSO₄·4H₂O(s) by gentle heating at 50 °C, and to CuSO₄ by strong heating at 100 °C. One of the water molecules is a molecule of crystallisation but the others are ligands. === Multidentate ligands === Some ligands are capable of forming more than one dative covalent bond per ligand. Examples are ethanedioate (C₂O₄^2-) and 1,2-diaminoethane (H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂), both of which donate two lone pairs per ligand and are said to be bidentate. 1,2-diaminoethane is written as (en) in the formula. One unusual ligand, EDTA^4- ((HOOCCH₂)₂NCH₂CH₂N(CH₂COOH)₂) can form 6 dative covalent bonds per ligand. It is thus said to be hexadentate. EDTA is written as (edta) in formulae. Ligands such as H₂O, Cl^- and CN^- form only one dative covalent bond per ligand and are said to be unidentate. With polydentate ligands it often appears that the coordination number of the complex is 1 or 3, when in fact the coordination number is 6 as normal - it is just that each ligand is bonded twice. Some examples of these complex ions are shown below: [Fe(C₂O₄)₃]^3- [Cr(en)₃]³⁺ [Cu(edta)]^2- Multidentate ligands are very effective at binding to cations and can effectively stop them from reacting with anything else. Ethanedioate is toxic because it binds to Ca²⁺ ions. Other multidentate ligands are used in "chelation therapy" to remove toxic heavy metals if a patient has ingested them. ===Colour in Transition Metal Complexes=== [[File:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|800px]] ''Above: Aqueous solutions of (left to right): cobalt(II) nitrate, Co(NO₃)₂ (red); potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇ (orange); potassium chromate, K₂CrO₄ (yellow); nickel(II) chloride, NiCl₂ (green); copper(II) sulfate, CuSO₄ (blue); potassium permanganate, KMnO₄ (violet).'' [[w:Transition metals|Transition metals]] form complex ions – the metal binds to small molecules or anions called ligands. The ligands allow the electrons of the metal ion to enter an excited state if the electrons absorb a photon of visible light. When a cation forms a complex ion, the incoming ligands repel the electrons in the atom, and thus they are raised in energy. Some of the d-orbitals, however, are repelled more than others and the result is that the d-orbitals are split into 2 groups of orbitals, with three orbitals being slightly lower in energy than the other two. The difference in energy between these groups of orbitals is similar to the energy of visible light. The energy of the light is related to the frequency of the light by the equation ''E'' = ''hf''. If these d-orbitals are partially filled, some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals are excited into the higher energy orbitals, and in doing so absorb the light that corresponds to that frequency. The resultant light is deficient in the light of that frequency and thus appears coloured. So, transition metal ions are coloured because d-electrons can absorb light and get excited into higher energy d-orbitals. The resultant light is thus missing certain frequencies and is hence coloured. {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Hexaaquacopper (ii).png | HexaAquaCopper(II) ions are octahedral | File:Tetrachlorocuprate (ii).png | TetraChloroCuprate(II) ions are tetrahedral }} [[File:Copper(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|400px|centre|Copper(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol dm^-3. The dilute solutions are blue [Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ whereas the concentrated solutions are green [CuCl₄]^2-.]] [[File:Cu(NH3)4(OH)2.png|thumb|250px|centre|Addition of excess ammonia to copper(II) solutions gives the TetraAmmineDiAquaCopper(II) ion [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)₂]²⁺]. Replacing the original H₂O ligands with NH₃ produces the intense blue colour.]] The partially-occupied d-orbitals of transition metal compounds are important in giving colour to transition metal complexes. See diagram (which could represent V²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn⁴⁺, etc.): [[Image:Ligand field splitting.png|centre|400px]] ①. In an uncomplexed ion, all the d-orbitals have the same energy. ②. When ligands surround the ion, the negative charges of the ligands make the d-orbitals less stable (higher energy). ③. Critically, the ligands will come closer to some d-orbitals than to others. Typically, two or three of the orbitals will be destabilised more than the remainder. An electron in one of the lower d-orbitals can acquire the energy to be excited into a higher d-orbital: [[Image:Excitation in TM complex.png|centre|400px]] This mechanism allows transition metal complexes to absorb photons of visible light. Note that two criteria must be satisfied if the ion is to be coloured: * there must be a splitting of the d-orbitals. This only happens in the presence of ligands and thus only complex ions are coloured. Anhydrous ions do not have split d-orbitals and so cannot absorb light in the visible spectrum and are thus white. E.g. anhydrous CuSO₄ (d⁹) is white but hydrated CuSO₄.5H₂O is blue. * the d-orbitals must be partially filled. If the d-orbitals are empty (E.g. Sc³⁺, Al³⁺) then there are no electrons which can be excited into the higher energy d-orbitals and the ions will be colourless. If the d-orbitals are full (E.g. Cu⁺, Zn²⁺) then there are no empty orbitals into which the electrons can be excited and the ions will be colourless. d⁰ and d¹⁰ compounds ''can'' be coloured, but the mechanism (charge-transfer) is beyond the A-level specification. Examples: Cu₂O, MnO₄^-, Cr₂O₇^2- [[File:BenedicT.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Using Benedict's Reagent to test for aldehydes: The blue copper(II) citrate ([CuC₆H₅O₇]^–, left) is converted to red precipitate of copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O, right). The intermediate colours are mixtures of copper(II) and copper(I)oxide.]] ==== Use of colour in analysis of complex ions ==== The colour of a complex ion depends on: * the ligand * the coordination number * the oxidation state of the metal * the identity of the metal As transition metal ions can show a huge variety of colours, it is often possible to identify a complex ion simply by its colour. It is also possible to determine the concentration of a solution containing a coloured ion using a technique called ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry ("UV-Vis"). As the absorbance of a solution is proportional to its concentration, the concentration of any solution can be determined by comparing its absorbance to the absorbance of a solution of known concentration. The technique can be summarised as follows: a) A solution containing a known concentration of the ion is prepared, and a suitable ligand is added in excess in order to intensify the colour (thiocyanate ions, SCN^-, are often used for this purpose). b) A sample of the solution is placed into a cuvette in a colorimeter and the filter which gives the maximum absorbance is selected. c) The absorbance of the solution is recorded. d) This process is repeated using a range of other known concentrations, and a graph is plotted of absorbance against concentration. d) The solution of unknown concentration is mixed with an excess of the same ligand to intensify the colour. e) The absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration is then recorded using the same filter. f) The concentration of this solution can then be determined from the concentration-absorbance graph. === Other applications of transition metal complexes === ==== Haemoglobin ==== Another important complex ion involving multidentate ligands is haemoglobin. Haem is a complex ion consisting Fe²⁺ and a complex tetradentate ligand called porphyrin. The complex is generally found with a protein called globin, which provides the fifth coordinate bond, and a molecule of oxygen which forms the sixth bond. The complete six coordinate complex is called haemoglobin. This structure is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood throughout the human body. Fe²⁺ + porphyrin → haem haem + globin + O₂ → haemoglobin Carbon monoxide is a similar size and shape to oxygen and forms a much stronger bond with the iron. It thus displaces the oxygen from the complex and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. It is thus a very poisonous gas. ==== cisplatin ==== The square planar complex cisplatin has the following structure: It kills cancerous cells and now widely used in cancer treatment. ==== Tests for aldehydes and halide ions ==== DiAmmineSilver(I) has the formula [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ and is the active ion in Tollens' reagent. It is reduced to silver by reducing sugars and aldehydes (but not ketones). It produces a characteristic silver mirror on the side of the test-tube and this is used as the basis of the test for aldehydes. It is also formed in the test for halide ions in solution. The silver halides are insoluble in water but AgCl and AgBr will dissolve in ammonia due to the formation of the DiAmmineSilver(I) complex: AgCl(s) + 2 NH₃(dilute) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq) AgBr(s) + 2 NH₃(conc) → [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== photography ==== Silver bromide, AgBr, is the substance on photographic film. In the presence of light, it decomposes into silver and bromine: 2 AgBr → 2 Ag(s) + Br₂(l). The unreacted AgBr is removed when sodium thiosulfate is added. This forms a complex with the AgBr and washes it off the film, leaving only the silver metal on the film. The result is the negative image. AgBr(s) + 2 S₂O₃^2-(aq) → [Ag(S₂O₃)₂]^3-(aq) + Br^-(aq) ==== Electroplating ==== Metals such as silver and gold generally occur native, but in very impure form. They can be extracted using cyanide ions which form stable complexes with silver and gold. The Ag is oxidised to Ag⁺ and then complexed as [Ag(CN)₂]^-. This complex is widely used in electroplating. To coat another object with silver, place the metal object to be coated at the cathode and use [Ag(CN)₂]^- as the electrolyte. The complex breaks up, Ag+ ions move to the cathode and the object is coated with a layer of silver. ==Transition Metals as Catalysts== The ability of transition metals to form more than one stable oxidation state means that they can accept and lose electrons easily. This enables them to catalyse certain redox reactions. They can be readily oxidised and reduced again, or reduced and then oxidised again, as a consequence of having a number of different oxidation states of similar stability. They can behave either as homogeneous catalysts or as heterogeneous catalysts. === How a catalyst works === A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a reaction with itself being chemically unchanged at the end. A catalyst lowers the activation energy for the reaction by providing an alternative route. An extra step is introduced. Because the activation energy is lower, more particles have enough energy to react when they collide and so the fraction of successful collisions is higher. === Homogeneous catalysis === A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst in the same phase as the reactants. Homogeneous catalysis involves aqueous transition metal ions catalysing reactions, often between two anions. The cation reacts with each anion in turn, thus avoiding the need for a direct collision between two anions (this is difficult since they repel each other). Example 1: :S₂O₈^2-(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 SO₄^2-(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) This reaction can be catalysed by Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺ ions: With Fe²⁺: :S₂O₈^2–(aq) + 2 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 SO₄^2–(aq) + 2 Fe³⁺(aq) :2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) With Fe³⁺: :2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>^-(aq) → 2 Fe²⁺(aq) + <span style="font-family: Verdana;">I</span>₂(aq) :2 Fe²⁺(aq) + S₂O₈^2-(aq) → 2 Fe³⁺(aq) + 2 SO₄^2-(aq) Example 2: :2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 10 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(l) This is a good example of auto-catalysis: One of the products in this reaction, Mn²⁺(aq), behaves as a catalyst and thus the reaction is slow at first but is much faster after a little of the products are formed. === Heterogeneous catalysis === Heterogeneous catalysts react by allowing the reactant molecules to bond to the surface of the metal, usually by attracting the surface electrons. The reaction takes place at the surface, and the transition metal regains electrons as the products leave. The reaction is catalysed because the reactant molecules spend more time in contact with each other than they would in the absence of a catalyst. E.g. hydrogenation of ethene ==== Physical adsorption and chemisorption ==== The molecules usually bond to the surface of the metal using intermolecular forces such as Van der Waal’s forces. This is known as physical adsorption. Sometimes they actually form a covalent bond with the metal. This is known as chemisorption. An ideal heterogeneous catalyst adsorbs fairly strongly but not too strongly. If it adsorbs too weakly (like silver) the reactant molecules do not spend enough time in contact with each other. If they adsorb too strongly (like tungsten) the products do not leave the metal surface quickly enough and this slows the reaction down. The most useful catalysts are those which adsorb moderately. As the strength of absorption tends to decrease from left to right along the Periodic Table, the most effective catalysts tend to be the transition metals in the middle, like V, Fe and Ni. ==== Examples of heterogeneous catalysts ==== Examples of heterogenous catalysts are; Fe in the production of ammonia, V2O5 in the contact process and Pt or Ni in the hydrogenation of ethene. i) N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) ⇌ 2 NH₃(g) Fe catalyst ii) 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇌ 2 SO₃(g) V₂O₅ catalyst iii) C₂H₄(g) + H₂(g) ⇌ C₂H₆(g) Pt/Ni catalyst iv) 2 CO(g) + 2 NO(g) ⇌ N₂(g) + 2 CO₂(g) Rh catalyst The catalytic converter converts toxic carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide to non-toxic carbon dioxide and nitrogen. ==== Surface area ==== The catalyst needs to have a large surface area to be effective. This means it needs to be very thinly spread out, and might need a special support. Catalytic converters in cars use rhodium (Rh) on a special ceramic support ==== Catalyst poisoning ==== Heterogeneous catalysts can be poisoned by impurities, which are often present in the raw materials used. These impurities bond very strongly to the catalyst surface and block it. The activity of iron in the Haber process is reduced by sulfur, present in iron as an impurity so it is essential that as much sulfur as possible is removed during the Basic Oxygen Process. The efficiency of catalytic converters in cars is reduced by lead, which bonds permanently to the rhodium surface. This has lead to the increased use of unleaded petrol. == Redox Chemistry of Some Transition Elements == Since transition metals show a variety of transition states in their compounds, much of their chemistry is dominated by movement between these transition states. When the oxidation state changes, the colour changes as the electron distribution in the d-orbitals is different. The colour is also affected by the ligands involved, as the type of ligand affects the amount of splitting in the d-orbitals. === Iron === Iron exists in two common oxidation states, +2 (Fe²⁺) and +3 (Fe³⁺). In aqueous solution, the Fe is readily oxidised from Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺: : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- The Fe²⁺ ion is thus a reducing agent. Concentrations of Fe³⁺ in solution can be determined by titration with oxidising agents. === Manganese === Manganese can exist in a number of oxidation states, but is most stable in an oxidation state of +2, +4 or +7 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +7 ! +4 ! +2 |- | Colour: | purple | brown or black | pale pink |- | Ion/compound: | MnO₄^- | MnO₂ | Mn²⁺ |- |} [[File:Potassium permanganate solutions 1.JPG|thumb|centre|300px|Potassium manganate(VII) solutions with concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 300 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3.]] [[File:Manganese(II)-sulfate-photo.jpg|thumb|centre|300px|Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink colour, even in its pure form.]] In the +7 oxidation state it exists as the intense purple ion MnO₄^-. This can be reduced to the pale pink Mn²⁺ by Fe²⁺ in acidic solution: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e_- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) In titrations, excess MnO₄^- can oxidise Mn²⁺ to form MnO₂: : MnO₄^-(aq) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 3 e^- → MnO₂(s) + 2 H₂O(l) : Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : 2 MnO₄^-(aq) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 H₂O(l) → 5 MnO₂(s) + 4 H⁺(aq) === Chromium === Chromium forms stable ions in three different oxidation states, +2, +3 and +6. In aqueous solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | orange | green or blue | blue |- | Ion: | Cr₂O₇^2- | Cr³⁺ | Cr²⁺ |- |} The actual formula of the +2 and +3 complex ions depends on the acid used (Cl^- and SO₄^2- will also behave as ligands). {{Gallery | align = center | whitebg = yes | File:Chrom(III)-sulfatlösung.jpg | Aqueous chromium(III) sulfate solution. | File:Chromium(III) chloride solutions 2.JPG | Aqueous chromium(III) chloride solution at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 3, 6, 10, 25 and 50 x 10^-3 mol dm^-3. | File:Chrom(III)-hydroxid.jpg | Chromium(III) hydroxide. }} In aqueous alkaline solutions, the ions formed are: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +6 ! +3 |- | Colour: | yellow | green |- | Ion: | CrO₄^2- | [Cr(OH)₄]^- |- |} The +6 chromium complexes can be readily interconverted using acid and alkali: 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 2 H⁺(aq) → Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 2 OH^-(aq) → 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + H₂O(l) ==== In acidic solution ==== All chromium(VI) compounds can be reduced to the +3 and then the +2 oxidation state by strong reducing agents such as zinc in acid solution. The chromium is first reduced to the +3 oxidation state: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall : : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 3 Zn(s) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 3 Zn²⁺(aq) It is then further reduced: : Cr³⁺(aq) + e^- ⇌ Cr²⁺(aq) : Zn(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 e^- Overall: : Zn(s) + 2 Cr³⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 Cr²⁺(aq) The colour change observed on adding zinc in acid solution to dichromate ions is orange (Cr₂O₇^2-) to green (Cr³⁺) to blue (Cr²⁺). Other, milder reducing agents will reduce the +6 oxidation state to +3 but no further. Fe²⁺ is an important example: : Fe²⁺(aq) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- Overall: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) This reaction can be used in titrations to determine the concentration of Fe²⁺ ions in a sample. ==== In alkaline solution ==== [[File:Chromate dichromate equilibrium.png|thumb|300px|centre|Orange dichromate(VI) is converted to yellow chromate(VI) by addition of alkali.]] In alkaline solution, it is possible to oxidise the +3 oxidation state to the +6 oxidation state. The chromium ion forms the [Cr(OH)₄]^- complex in alkaline conditions. This complex can be oxidised to the +6 oxidation state by adding H₂O₂. Hydrogen peroxide, which is a reducing agent in acidic solution, is an oxidising agent in alkaline solution. : [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) ⇌ CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) The green [Cr(OH)₄]^- ion is oxidised to the yellow CrO₄^2- ion in alkaline solution. The relative tendency of species to undergo oxidation and reduction often depends dramatically on the pH of the solution. The interconversion of the chromium(III) and chromium(VI) oxidation states is an important example. In general, oxidation is favoured by alkaline conditions and reduction is favoured by acidic conditions. Alkaline conditions: : CrO₄^2-(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 3 e^- ⇌ [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) -0.13 V : H₂O(l) + HO₂^-(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 3 OH^-(aq) +0.88 V : 2 [Cr(OH)₄]^-(aq) + 3 HO₂^-(aq) ⇌ 2 CrO₄^2-(aq) + 5 H₂O(l) + OH^-(aq) +1.01 V Acidic conditions: : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- ⇌ 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) +1.33 V : 2 H⁺ + H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 H₂O(l) +1.78 V : 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + H₂O(l) + 3 H₂O₂(aq) ⇌ Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) +0.45 V === Cobalt === Cobalt exists in two stable oxidation states, +2 and +3 In acidic or neutral solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | yellow | pink |- | Ion: | Co³⁺ | Co²⁺ |- |} [[File:Cobalt(II) chloride solutions.JPG|thumb|left|300px|Cobalt(II) chloride solutions with concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol dm^-3. The pink colour of the [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex dominates and only at high concentrations do we begin to see any hint of the blue [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] [[File:Cobalt(II) Chloride Hexahydrate in Acetone.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Cobalt(II) chloride in propanone shows the blue colour of the [CoCl₄]^2- complex.]] In alkaline solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | blue |- | Compound: | Co(OH)₃ | Co(OH)₂ |- |} In ammonia solution: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Oxidation state: ! +3 ! +2 |- | Colour: | brown | straw |- | Ion: | [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ | [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ |- |} The colours of these complexes are not easy to identify as they change colour readily depending on the concentration of the various species in solution. The ease of oxidation of cobalt from +2 to +3 depends on the ligand and the pH: * It is extremely difficult to oxidise cobalt from +2 to +3 in acidic solution. * It is easier to oxidise Co²⁺ in alkaline solution using hydrogen peroxide. The blue Co(OH)₂ is oxidised to brown Co(OH)₃: : Co(OH)₂(s) + OH^-(aq) ⇌ Co(OH)₃(s) + e^- : H₂O₂(aq) + 2 e^- ⇌ 2 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 2 Co(OH)₂(s) + H₂O₂(aq) → 2 Co(OH)₃(s) * In ammoniacal solution it is very easy to oxidise Co²⁺, and it is oxidised when left to stand in air. The straw-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺ is oxidised to the brown-coloured [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ (the solution gets darker): : [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) ⇌ [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + e^- : O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) + 4 e^- → 4 OH^-(aq) Overall: : 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]²⁺(aq) + O₂(g) + 2 H₂O(l) → 4 [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺(aq) + 4 OH^-(aq) == Redox Titrations Involving Transition Metals == Oxidising agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of reducing agents. Reducing agents in aqueous solution can be determined by titrating against standard solutions of oxidising agents. In the laboratory, there are two important reagents involving transition metals that are used in these titrations: potassium manganate(VII), KMnO₄, and potassium dichromate, K₂Cr₂O₇. The procedures and principles involved in these titrations will be considered in turn: === Potassium manganate(VII) (KMnO₄) titrations. === The MnO₄^- ion is a powerful oxidising agent: MnO₄^-(aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 e^- → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles involved in titrations involving KMnO₄ are: The colour change associated with the above reduction is: MnO₄^- (intense purple) → Mn²⁺ (colourless) The colour change is so intense that no indicator is required for the reaction. The KMnO₄ solution is generally placed in the burette. This causes two problems: * The intense colour of KMnO₄ means that it is very difficult to see the graduation marks on the burette, and so it is difficult to read accurately. * The KMnO₄ reacts slightly with the glass, causing a slight stain if the burette is used too often. The reason the KMnO₄ is placed in the burette is as follows: As the KMnO₄ is added to the solution under investigation, it is immediately decolorised by the reducing agent. The end-point is detected by the failure of the purple colour to disappear - a pink colour persists in the conical flask, indicating that the MnO₄^- ions are no longer being reduced. This permanent pink colour is easily detected. If the KMnO₄ were in the conical flask, it would slowly decolorise until the solution became completely colourless. The gradual disappearance of the pink colour is much harder to detect than the sudden appearance of the pink colour, and for this reason the KMnO₄ is always placed in the burette, despite the difficulties it presents in reading the burette. c) Since the MnO₄^- ion is only an effective oxidising agent in acidic medium, it is necessary to add excess acid to the conical flask before carrying out the titration. Sulfuric acid is generally used for this purpose. Hydrochloric acid should not be used since it is a reducing agent and will react with the MnO₄^- before the MnO₄^- can react with the reducing agent under investigation: 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 10 Cl^- → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 5 Cl₂(g) Common examples of reducing agents which are determined using KMnO₄ are Fe²⁺(aq) and C₂O₄^2-(aq) : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : MnO₄^- (aq) + 8 H⁺(aq) + 5 Fe²⁺(aq) → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4 H₂O(l) + 5 Fe³⁺(aq) : C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 CO₂(g) + 2 e^- : 2 MnO₄^- (aq) + 16 H⁺(aq) + 5 C₂O₄^2-(aq) → 2 Mn²⁺(aq) + 8 H₂O(l) + 10 CO₂(g) === Dichromate(VI) (Cr₂O₇^2-) titrations === Dichromate (VI) is also a good oxidising agent in acidic medium: Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 e^- → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) It can therefore be used to determine reducing agents. The most important principles of dichromate(VI) titrations are: a) The colour change associated with this titration is orange → green. The colours are not, however, as intense as with the manganate(VII) titration and an indicator is needed. DiPhenylAmineSulfonate is used. It turns from colourless to purple at the end-point. b) The dichromate(VI) is always placed in the burette as it is easier to see the appearance of the purple colour than its disappearance. c) As with manganate(VII), care must be taken as to which acid to use. Sulfuric acid should be used as chloride ions could interfere with the titration. Fe²⁺(aq) is the reducing agent most commonly determined by titration with potassium dichromate(VI). : Fe²⁺(aq) → Fe³⁺(aq) + e^- : Cr₂O₇^2-(aq) + 14 H⁺(aq) + 6 Fe²⁺(aq) → 2 Cr³⁺(aq) + 7 H₂O(l) + 6 Fe³⁺(aq) {{BookCat}} 545s1o99m6fruuptf73y16qgoxwknmi 0 477197 4641032 4639086 2026-06-23T21:06:16Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Current US production facilities */ 4641032 wikitext text/x-wiki The term "Transplant Automaker" refers to automakers building vehicles in North America that are not based in North America. They are based in Europe or Asia. This page shows the vehicle assembly plants of Transplant Automakers in North America. ==Current US production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |U |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky]] [TMMK] |[[w:Georgetown, Kentucky|Georgetown, Kentucky]] |1988 |Toyota Camry Hybrid 2007-,<br> RAV4 Hybrid 2020-,<br> Highlander EV 2027-,<br> Subaru Getaway EV 2027- |Toyota's 1st wholly owned assembly plant in the US. Originally established as Toyota Motor Manufacturing USA. In October 1996, plant was renamed Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky.<br> Toyota’s largest vehicle manufacturing plant in the world. Has 3 assembly lines. The 3rd line was originally for the Lexus ES. <br> First Camry was produced on May 26, 1988. Volume production of the Camry began in Georgetown in July 1988. Axle production began in October 1988. Engine production began in November 1989 with a 4-cylinder (2.0L 3S-FE). This was followed subsequently by the 2.2L 5S-FE, 2.4L AZ-series I4, 2.5L AR-series I4, & the 2.5L A25A/2.4L turbo T24A Dynamic Force I4. 4-cylinder engine machining began in July 1991. The wagon and coupe versions of the 3rd gen. US-market Camry were exported to Japan, where they were sold as the Scepter. In August 1994, V6 engine production began (3.0L 1MZ-FE). This was followed by the 3.3L 3MZ-FE, & the 3.5L GR-series V6. In September 1994, Avalon production began. V6 engine machining began in August 1996. In August 1997, Sienna minivan production began. The 2nd gen. Avalon was exported to Japan, where it was sold as the Pronard. In December 2002, Sienna production ended at Georgetown and was moved to Princeton, IN. In July 2003, Solara coupe production began while Solara convertible production followed in February 2004. In October 2006, Camry Hybrid production began, the first Toyota hybrid vehicle produced in the US. In November 2008, production of the Venza crossover began. In October 2015, a new 3rd assembly line began production of the Lexus ES350, the first time a Lexus is produced in the US. Began RAV4 Hybrid production in January 2020. The Hybrid-powered 6th generation RAV4 production began on June 22, 2026. TMMK has produced over 15 million vehicles.<br> Past models: Toyota Camry (gas-only) 1989-2024,<br> Avalon 1995-2022, Avalon Hybrid 2013-2022,<br> Camry Solara 2004-2008, Sienna 1998-2003,<br> Venza 2009-2015 & 2016 in Canada,<br> Scepter wagon (For export: 1993-1996),<br> Scepter coupe (For export: 1994-1996),<br> Pronard (For export: 2000-2004),<br> Lexus ES 2016-2025, ES Hybrid 2019-2025 |- |S |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana]] [TMMI] |[[w:Princeton, Indiana|Princeton, Indiana]] |1999 |Toyota Sienna 2004-,<br> Highlander 2010-,<br> Highlander Hybrid 2014-,<br> Grand Highlander (gas/hybrid) 2024-, <br> Lexus TX (gas/hybrid/PHEV) 2024-,<br> Kluger/Kluger Hybrid (For export: 2014-) |Has 2 assembly lines: the original West plant and <br> the East plant, which was added in 2003. <br> Production began in May 1999 at the original West plant with the Tundra pickup. In September 2000, production began of the Sequoia SUV. In January 2003, production began at the East plant with the Sienna minivan. Initially, 2nd generation Tundra production was split between Princeton, IN and San Antonio, TX. All Regular Cabs were made in San Antonio while Double Cab & CrewMax were made in both plants. In August 2008, Tundra production at the West plant in Princeton ended and was consolidated in San Antonio, TX. On October 8, 2009, Highlander production began at the West plant. The Highlander Hybrid was added in early 2014. All Highlander production for all markets except for China was consolidated in Princeton beginning with the 3rd gen. 2014 model. In Australia and New Zealand, the Highlander is sold as the Kluger. In summer 2016, Highlander production was added to the East plant. On August 2, 2023, Grand Highlander production began at the West plant. On November 9, 2023, Lexus TX production began at the West plant. This is the first Lexus made in Princeton and the first Lexus SUV made in the US. The Lexus TX550h+ is the first plug-in hybrid that Toyota has built in North America. TMMI has produced over 6 million vehicles.<br> Past models: Toyota Tundra 2000-2008,<br> Sequoia 2001-2022 |- |X |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas]] [TMMTX] |[[w:San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] |2006 |Toyota Tundra 2007-,<br> Sequoia 2023- |In November 2006, began production with the Tundra pickup. Initially, Tundra production was split between Princeton, IN and San Antonio, TX. All Regular Cabs were made in San Antonio while Double Cab & CrewMax were made in both plants. In August 2008, Tundra production in Princeton, IN ended and was consolidated in San Antonio, TX. All Tundras have been made in San Antonio ever since. Tacoma pickup production began in July 2010 after the NUMMI plant in California closed in April. In September 2021, Tacoma production in San Antonio ended and was consolidated at Toyota's 2 plants in Mexico. In September 2022, Sequoia production began in San Antonio. In 2026, San Antonio will began making rear axles for Tundras and Sequoias made onsite and for Tacomas made in Mexico at a new 500,000-square-ft. facility at TMMTX. This will replace production at a Hino Motors Manufacturing USA plant in Marion, AR, which is slated to close by the end of 2027. <br> Past models: Toyota Tacoma 2011-2021 |- |P |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi]] [TMMMS] |[[w:Blue Springs, Mississippi|Blue Springs, Mississippi]] |2011 |Toyota Corolla sedan 2011- |Began production on October 10, 2011 with the Corolla sedan. TMMMS has produced over 2 million vehicles. |- |V (Toyota),<br> N (Mazda) |[[w:Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA|Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA]] [MTMUSA] |[[w:Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville, Alabama]] |2021 |Toyota Corolla Cross 2022-,<br> Corolla Cross Hybrid 2023-,<br> Mazda CX-50 2023-, CX-50 Hybrid 2025- |50/50 joint venture between Toyota and Mazda.<br> Has 2 assembly lines - 1 for Toyota and 1 for Mazda. Toyota production began on September 30, 2021 while Mazda production began on January 26, 2022. This plant marked a return to US vehicle production for Mazda, which had not built any vehicles in the US since 2012, when the Mazda 6 ended production in Flat Rock, MI. |- |A |[[w:Marysville Auto Plant|Honda Marysville Auto Plant]] |[[w:Marysville, Ohio|Marysville, Ohio]] |1982 |Honda Accord sedan 1983-,<br> Accord Hybrid 2014-2015, 2018-,<br> Acura Integra 2023- |Honda's 1st automotive assembly plant in the US. The first Japanese automotive assembly plant in the US. Has 2 assembly lines. Line 1 began production on November 1, 1982 with the 1983 Accord sedan. Production of the Accord 3-d hatchback was added for 1984. Line 2 began production on December 13, 1985, also with the Accord (first model built was a 1986 Accord 3-d hatchback). On July 24, 1986, production of the Civic sedan began at Marysville. Accord 3-d hatchback production was moved to Japan for 1988 to make room for the new 2-d coupe version. On December 22, 1987, production of the 1988 Accord 2-d coupe began. In January 1988, production began of the Accord 2-d coupe for export to Japan. The 2-d coupe version of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th gen. Accord was exported to Japan. The 3rd gen. was left-hand drive only. Right-hand drive models began to be produced in the 4th gen. in January 1990. The Accord coupe was also exported to Europe in the 4th, 5th, and 6th generations. On November 20, 1990, production began of the 1991 Accord wagon. The wagon version of the 4th and 5th gen. Accord was exported to Japan and Europe (in Europe, it was called Accord Aerodeck). During 1990, Civic production was transferred to East Liberty. On August 3, 1998, Marysville began producing the Acura TL, the first Acura produced in Marysville. The 2nd gen. Acura TL was exported to Japan, where it was sold as the 3rd gen. Honda Inspire and the 2nd gen. Honda Saber. On January 31, 2000, Marysville began production of the 2nd gen. 2001 Acura CL, replacing East Liberty, which produced the 1st gen. Acura CL. On July 17, 2006, production of the Acura RDX began, the first SUV built in Marysville. On September 10, 2013, the Marysville plant built its first Accord Hybrid, a 2014 model. On July 14, 2014, production began on the Acura TLX, the successor to the TL. On January 27, 2015, Marysville began production of the updated 2016 model year Acura ILX, taking over production from Greensburg. In 2015, Accord Hybrid production in Marysville ended. Production was moved to Japan, where the 2017 model was built (there was no '16 Accord Hybrid). Accord Hybrid production returned to Marysville in 2018. In September 2018, Marysville began production of the CR-V. On May 5, 2022, production began of the ILX's replacement, the revived Acura Integra. Marysville Auto Plant has produced over 15 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Accord 3-d hatchback 1984-1987, Accord 2-d coupe 1988-2017, Accord wagon 1991-1997,<br> Civic 4-d sedan 1987-1990, CR-V 2018-2022,<br> Acura TL 1999-2014, TLX 2015-2025, CL 2001-2003, RDX 2007-2012, ILX 2016-2022,<br> Honda Inspire/Saber (For export: 1999-2003) |- |L |[[w:East Liberty Auto Plant|Honda East Liberty Auto Plant]] |[[w:East Liberty, Ohio|East Liberty, Ohio]] |1989 |Honda CR-V 2007-, CR-V Hybrid 2022-, Acura RDX 2013-, MDX 2017- |Began production on December 18, 1989 with the Civic 4-d. Took over all production of the Civic sedan from Marysville during 1990. In June 1991, East Liberty added production of the Accord sedan. Production of the Accord at East Liberty ended in 1992 to make room for the 1993 Civic coupe. On February 19, 1996, East Liberty began production of the Acura CL coupe, the first Acura made in the US. On April 8, 1998, began production of the natural gas-powered Civic GX sedan. In 1999, Acura CL production ended and CL production was transferred to Marysville for the 2nd gen. model. On November 26, 2002, production begins on the Element, the first SUV built in East Liberty. In January 2005, East Liberty again adds Accord sedan production. Accord production at East Liberty ends March 31, 2005. On September 25, 2006, CR-V production began at East Liberty. During 2009, Civic production was transferred to Greensburg, IN. On November 3, 2009, East Liberty began production of the Accord Crosstour. In 2012, East Liberty began production of the Acura RDX, taking over production from Marysille. On May 31, 2017, East Liberty began production of the Acura MDX. In October 2017, all MDX production is consolidated at East Liberty. East Liberty has produced over 7 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Civic 4-d sedan 1990-2009,<br> Civic 2-d coupe 1993-2005, Civic Si 2-d coupe '99-'00,<br> Accord LX sedan w/auto. trans. 1991-1992, 2005, Element 2003-2011, Accord Crosstour 2010-2011, Crosstour 2012-2015, Acura CL 1997-1999 |- |B |[[w:Honda Manufacturing of Alabama|Honda Manufacturing of Alabama]] |[[w:Lincoln, Alabama|Lincoln, Alabama]] |2001 |Honda Odyssey 2002-, Pilot 2004-, Ridgeline 2009-2014, 2017-,<br> Passport 2019- |Has 2 assembly lines. Line 1 began production on November 14, 2001 with the Odyssey. Line 2 began production on April 27, 2004 with the Pilot. An onsite engine plant began production in November 2001 making Honda J-series V6 engines for the vehicles built in Lincoln, AL. The 1st gen. Honda Pilot was also exported to the Middle East as the Honda MR-V. On April 15, 2008, the 2nd gen. Pilot began production in Lincoln, AL, which was now the only plant making the Pilot SUV. On February 16, 2009, Line 1 began production of the Ridgeline pickup, which was transferred from Alliston, ON. On July 17, 2009, Line 2 began production of the Accord V6 sedan, the first passenger car built in Lincoln, AL. In December 2010, Lincoln, AL stopped Accord production. Around this time, Ridgeline production shifted from Line 1 to Line 2. On May 2, 2013, the 2014 model year Acura MDX begins production, having been transferred from Alliston, ON <br> for 2014. In July 2014, the 1st gen. Ridgeline ended production. On May 5, 2016, the Ridgeline resumed production after a nearly 2 year hiatus with a new <br> 2nd gen. version. From October 2017, Acura MDX production was consolidated in East Liberty for the <br> 2018 model year. On December 6, 2018, production began of the all new Passport. Lincoln, AL has produced over 5 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Accord V6 sedan 2009-2011,<br> Acura MDX 2014-2017,<br> Honda MR-V (For export: 2006-2008) |- |E |[[w:Honda Manufacturing of Indiana|Honda Manufacturing of Indiana]] |[[w:Greensburg, Indiana|Greensburg, Indiana]] |2008 |Honda Civic 5-d hatchback 2022-,<br> Civic Hybrid 5-d hatchback 2025-,<br> CR-V 2017-,<br> CR-V Hybrid 2020-2021, 2023- |Began production in October 2008 with the 2009 model year Civic sedan. In 2009, began production of the natural gas-powered Civic GX sedan. Took over all production of the Civic sedan from East Liberty during 2009. In April 2012, Greensburg began production of the 9th generation Civic-based Acura ILX, building an Acura model for the first time. Greensburg also produced the ILX Hybrid, the first US-built hybrid from American Honda. In early 2013, Greensburg began production of the Civic Hybrid. The ILX Hybrid was discontinued after 2014. In November 2014, 2015 model year ILX production ended and the ILX moved to Marysville for the 2016 model year. In 2015, Civic Hybrid sedan production ended. On February 15, 2017, Greensburg began production of the 2017 model year CR-V, building an SUV for the first time. CR-V production was transferred to Greensburg from El Salto, Mexico. On May 14, 2018, production began of the Insight hybrid sedan. In January 2020, CR-V Hybrid production began. Greensburg did not produce the CR-V Hybrid for 2022 but resumed CR-V Hybrid production in fall 2022 for 2023. In September 2021, production began of the Civic 5-d hatchback instead of the Civic 4-d sedan, which was consolidated in Alliston, ON. This is the first time that the Civic 5-d is produced in North America. <br> Past models: Honda Civic 4-d sedan 2009-2021,<br> Civic Hybrid 4-d sedan 2013-2015,<br> Insight Hybrid 2019-2022,<br> Acura ILX 2013-2015, ILX Hybrid 2013-2014 |- |Y |Honda Performance Manufacturing Center (PMC) |[[w:Marysville, Ohio|Marysville, Ohio]] |2016 |Honda CR-V e:FCEV 2025- |Specializes in low volume production. Building is Honda's former North American Logistics facility, converted into a low-volume vehicle assembly plant.<br> Began production in April 2016 with the Acura NSX. The 2nd gen. Acura NSX was also exported to Europe, Japan, and Australia as the Honda NSX. In 2019, started making special limited-production PMC Editions of select Acura models. In November 2022, NSX production ended. The last Acura PMC Editions were made in 2023. On June 5, 2024, began production of the hydrogen fuel cell-powered CR-V e:FCEV, the first production hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicle to be made in the US. <br> Past models: Acura NSX 2017-2022,<br> Honda NSX (For export: 2017-2022),<br> TLX PMC Edition 2020 & 2023, MDX PMC Edition 2020, RDX PMC Edition 2021-2022 |- |C |[[w:Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Nissan Smyrna Vehicle Assembly Plant]] |[[w:Smyrna, Tennessee|Smyrna, Tennessee]] |1983 |Nissan Pathfinder 2005-2020, 2022-, Infiniti QX60 2014-2020, 2022-,<br> Nissan Rogue 2014-, Murano 2021-, Infiniti QX65 2027- |Nissan's 1st automotive assembly plant in the US. The second Japanese automotive assembly plant in the US. Originally, Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA. In April 2000, became part of Nissan North America. Began production on June 16, 1983 with the 720 pickup. Began production of the Sentra on <br> March 25, 1985. On June 11, 1992, Altima sedan production began. In November 1994, 200SX production began, based on the 4th generation Sentra. On September 10, 1997, production of the Frontier pickup began. 200SX production ended in June 1998. Sentra production in Smyrna ended on March 19, 1999 and was moved to Aguascalientes, Mexico. Xterra production began on April 19, 1999. Maxima production began in January 2003. Pathfinder production began on Aug. 30, 2004. In April 2007, Altima coupe production began. In 2008, Smyrna began production of the Suzuki Equator pickup, a rebadged Nissan Frontier. In February 2012, Smyrna began production of the Infiniti JX35, the first Infiniti built at the TN plant. The JX35 was renamed QX60 for 2014. In August 2012, Frontier and Xterra production ended at Smyrna and were moved to Canton, MS. Suzuki Equator production also ended in August 2012 and it was discontinued. In January 2013, Smyrna began production of the Leaf, the first electric Nissan made in the US. Altima coupe production ended in June 2013. Rogue production began on October 15, 2013. The first Rogue built at Smyrna was also the 10 millionth vehicle produced at the Smyrna plant. In 2020, Smyrna took over production of the Murano from Canton and ended production of the Altima, which was consolidated in Canton, MS. In late summer 2023, Maxima production ended. In November 2024, Leaf production in Smyrna ended. Smyrna has the largest production capacity of any single vehicle assembly plant in the US at 640,000 units per year. Smyrna has produced over 15 million vehicles. <br> Past models:<br> Nissan Pickup (720/Hardbody [D21]) 1983-1997, Frontier [D22/D40] 1998-2012, Sentra 1985-1999, 200SX [B14] 1995-1998, Altima 1993-2020,<br> Xterra 2000-2012, Maxima 2004-2014, 2016-2023,<br> Leaf EV 2013-2025, Infiniti JX35 2013,<br> Suzuki Equator 2009-2012 |- |N |Nissan Canton Vehicle Assembly Plant |[[w:Canton, Mississippi|Canton, Mississippi]] |2003 |Nissan Altima 2005-,<br> Frontier [D40/D41] 2012- |This was the first automotive assembly plant in MS. Began production on May 27, 2003 with the Quest minivan. Armada production began on August 14, 2003 followed by Titan production on September 21, 2003. On January 20, 2004, production began on the Infiniti QX56, the first Infiniti built outside Japan. Altima production began in Canton on June 2004, supplementing production at Smyrna. On January 19, 2011, Canton began production of the Nissan NV full-size van. In November 2012, Canton took over production of the Frontier and Xterra from Smyrna, TN. In July 2013, Sentra production was added, supplementing production at Aguascalientes, Mexico. Sentra production at Canton ended in 2014. On November 5, 2014, Canton began production of the Murano. Canton has produced over 5 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Nissan Quest 2004-2009,<br> Titan 2004-2024, Armada 2004-2015, Xterra 2012-2015, NV 1500/2500/3500 2012-2021, Sentra 2013-2014, Murano 2015-2020, Infiniti QX56 2004-2010 |- |1-9 (Subaru)<br><br>4 (Isuzu,<br>Honda,<br>Holden),<br><br> R (Toyota) |[[w:Subaru of Indiana Automotive|Subaru of Indiana Automotive]] (Formerly Subaru-Isuzu Automotive) <br> [SIA] |[[w:Lafayette, Indiana|Lafayette, Indiana]] |1989 |Subaru Ascent 2019-,<br> Crosstrek 2.5-liter 2024-, <br> Forester 2026-, Forester Hybrid 2026-, <br> Evoltis (For export: 2021-) |Originally, a 51/49 joint venture between Subaru and Isuzu. Production began on September 11, 1989 for both Subaru (Legacy) and Isuzu (Pickup). The plant was set up with 2 assembly lines - 1 for Subaru & 1 for Isuzu. In October 1990, production of the Isuzu Rodeo SUV began. The Isuzu line also built the Honda Passport, a rebadged Isuzu Rodeo, beginning November 16, 1993. Isuzu also built the Holden Frontera, a rhd rebadge of the 2nd gen. Isuzu Rodeo for export to GM Holden in Australia and New Zealand. In 1994, Isuzu ended pickup production at SIA to make more room for production of Rodeo and Passport SUVs. On January 8, 1998, production of the Isuzu Amigo began. The Amigo was renamed Rodeo Sport for 2001 and discontinued after 2003. On January 15, 2001, production of the Isuzu Axiom began. In January 2002, Honda Passport production ended at SIA and Honda replaced the Passport with the Honda developed and built Pilot. As of January 2003, Subaru bought Isuzu's share of the plant and it became 100% owned by Subaru. Plant was renamed Subaru of Indiana Automotive. Isuzu production continued until July 23, 2004 under a contract manufacturing deal. Subaru then made an alliance with Toyota and built the Camry under contract for Toyota from February 28, 2007 through May 27, 2016. The Camry was built on what had been the Isuzu line. After Camry production ended, Subaru began to use both lines to produce Subaru models. In March 1994, SIA began production of the 2nd gen. Legacy as a 1995 model. For the first time, all Legacy models sold in North America were now built in the U.S. On August 29, 1994, SIA began production of the first Legacy Outback. In July 1995, Subaru opened an engine plant at the SIA complex, assembling Subaru flat-4 engines for Subaru models built at the SIA plant. For 2000, the Subaru Outback became a separate model line. The Subaru Baja began production at SIA on July 18, 2002. Baja production ended in April 2006. The Subaru B9 Tribeca began production at SIA on April 4, 2005. The B9 Tribeca was updated and renamed Tribeca for 2008. Tribeca production ended in January 2014. The Subaru Impreza began production at SIA on November 1, 2016. The Subaru Ascent began production on May 7, 2018. The Subaru Ascent is exported to the Philippines and some Latin American countries as the Evoltis. Impreza production at SIA ended in May 2023 and was replaced by the Crosstrek. The Subaru Crosstrek (only models with 2.5-liter engine) began production at SIA on May 9, 2023. Legacy production ended on September 12, 2025. Outback production ended on October 3, 2025. SIA has produced 3,414,002 Outback vehicles. SIA began production of the Forester on October 7, 2025. SIA began production of the Forester Hybrid on February 3, 2026. This is the first time SIA is building a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). The first hybrid produced was a 2026 Forester Hybrid Premium. All US-market Foresters are now made in the US. SIA has produced over 8 million vehicles in total and over 6 million Subaru-brand vehicles. The 8 millionth was a 2026 Subaru Forester Wilderness produced on November 21, 2025. <br> Past models: Subaru Legacy 1990-2025,<br> Legacy Outback 1995-1999, Outback 2000-2025,<br> Baja 2003-2006, B9 Tribeca 2006-2007,<br> Tribeca 2008-2014, Impreza 2017-2023,<br> Isuzu Pickup (TF-series) 1990-1994, Rodeo 1991-2004, Amigo 1998-2000, Rodeo Sport 2001-2003,<br> Axiom 2002-2004, Honda Passport 1994-2002,<br> Holden Frontera (UE/MX) (1999-2003) [For export],<br> Toyota Camry (gas-only) 2007-2016 |- |H |[[w:Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama|Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama]] [HMMA] |[[w:Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery, Alabama]] |2005 |Hyundai Santa Fe 2007-2010,<br> Santa Fe Sport 2017-2018,<br> Santa Fe (gas-only) 2019-,<br> Santa Fe Hybrid 2023-,<br> Tucson (gas-only) 2022-,<br> Santa Cruz 2022-,<br> Genesis Electrified GV70 [EV] 2023-2026,<br> Genesis GV70 (gas-only) 2024- |The first Korean automotive assembly plant in the US. Began production in May 2005 with the Sonata. There is also an onsite engine plant, which also opened in May 2005. The engine plant first built Hyundai's Lambda <br> 3.3L V6. In September 2008, HMMA began production of 4-cylinder engines with the 2.4L Theta II engine on a 2nd engine production line. HMMA later added the 2.0L Turbo version of the Theta II 4-cylinder. The 1st engine line ended Lambda V6 production in 2011 and switched to producing 1.8L Nu 4-cylinder engines. Later, the 2.0L version of the Nu 4-cylinder was also made by HMMA. In May 2019, HMMA opened a new building to make cylinder heads for the engines that it builds. In 2019-2020, both engine lines switched to Hyundai's newer Smartstream engines (1.6L T-GDI, 2.0L Atkinson, 2.5L GDI, & 2.5L T-GDI). HMMA also supplies engines to Kia's plants in West Point, GA and Pesqueria, Mexico. Santa Fe production originally began on April 18, 2006. In August 2010, Santa Fe production ended at the Hyundai plant in AL and was moved to the Kia plant in GA. Elantra production began in November 2010. On June 22, 2016, Santa Fe production restarted at the Hyundai plant in AL with the Santa Fe Sport. The Santa Fe Sport was renamed Santa Fe for 2019. In February 2021, Tucson production began. In June 2021, Santa Cruz production began. In February 2022, Sonata production in Montgomery ended. In October 2022, production of the Santa Fe Hybrid began. In February 2023, production of the battery electric-powered Genesis Electrified GV70 began. The Electrified GV70 was Hyundai Motor Group's first US-built electric vehicle and the first US-built Genesis model. In May 2023, production of the gas-powered Genesis GV70 began. In May 2023, Elantra production in Montgomery ended. In May 2025, Electrified GV70 production ended. HMMA has produced over 6 million vehicles.<br> Past models:<br> Hyundai Sonata 2006-2022,<br> Elantra sedan 2011-2023 |- |G |[[w:List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities#Georgia Plant (KMMG)|Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia]] [KMMG] |[[w:West Point, Georgia|West Point, Georgia]] |2009 |Kia Sorento (gas-only) 2011-,<br> Telluride (gas-only) 2020-2025, 2027-, Telluride Hybrid 2027-,<br> Sportage (gas-only) 2023-,<br> EV6 (not GT model) 2025-, EV9 2025- |Production began on Nov. 16, 2009 with the 2011 Sorento, which went on sale in January 2010. On September 28, 2010, KMMG began production of the Hyundai Santa Fe. On Sept. 2, 2011, KMMG began production of the Kia Optima. The Optima was replaced by the K5 for 2021. In 2018, Kia ended production of the Hyundai Santa Fe, which was consolidated in Hyundai's plant in AL. In January 2019, Telluride production began. On February 1, 2022, KMMG began production of the Sportage. In 2024, K5 production at KMMG ended. On May 30, 2024, KMMG began EV production with the EV9. In early 2025, KMMG began production of the EV6. KMMG has produced over 4.6 million vehicles. <br> Past models: <br> Kia Optima 2012-2020, K5 2021-2024,<br> Hyundai Santa Fe 2011-2012,<br> Santa Fe Sport 2013-2018 |- |Y |[[w:Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America|Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America]] |[[w:Ellabell, Georgia|Ellabell, Georgia]] |2024 |Hyundai Ioniq 5 2025-, Ioniq 9 2026-,<br> Kia Sportage Hybrid 2026- |Began production on October 3, 2024 with the Ioniq 5 EV. Production of the Ioniq 9 EV began in March 2025. Kia Sportage Hybrid production began on June 2, 2026, marking the first time that a Kia is built at the Ellabell plant. This is also the first hybrid and the first vehicle that is not fully electric to be built at the Ellabell plant or Metaplant. |- |C |[[w:Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant|Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant]] |[[w:Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga, Tennessee]] |2011 |VW Atlas 2018-,<br> Atlas Cross Sport 2020-,<br> ID.4 [EV] 2023-2026,<br> Teramont (For export: 2019-),<br> Teramont Cross Sport (For export: 2021-) |This plant marked a return to US vehicle production for VW. VW's last US assembly plant, Westmoreland Assembly in New Stanton, PA, had closed in July 1988. Production began in Chattanooga on April 18, 2011 with the 2012 Passat. On December 14, 2016, the Atlas began production. The Atlas is also exported to Mexico, Colombia, the Middle East, and other markets, where it is sold as the Teramont. In October 2019, the Atlas Cross Sport began production. The Atlas Cross Sport is also exported to Mexico, where it is sold as the Teramont Cross Sport. In December 2021, the Passat ended production in Chattanooga. The last Passat to come off the line was a 2022 Passat Limited Edition in Platinum Grey. On July 26, 2022, the ID.4 began production in Chattanooga. This is the first electric VW to be made in the US. <br> Past models: VW Passat 2012-2022 |- |L, 0, 9 |[[w:BMW in the United States|BMW Manufacturing Corp. Plant Spartanburg]] |[[w:Greer, South Carolina|Greer, South Carolina]] |1994 |BMW X5 2000-, X6 2008-,<br> X3 2011-,<br> X7 2019-, Alpina XB7 2021-2026,<br> XM 2023- |This was BMW’s first full assembly plant (not assembling from knock-down kits) outside of Germany. Production began on September 8, 1994 with the 318i sedan.<br> Z3 roadster production began on September 20, 1995. BMW ended 3-series sedan production at Spartanburg in 1996 to focus on production of the Z3, which was not made anywhere else in the world. In January 1997, the first US-built BMW M model was built with the Z3-based M Roadster. In January 1998, the Z3 coupe began production along with its M version, the M Coupe.<br> On September 1, 1999, SUV production began at Spartanburg with the X5, BMW's first SUV. The last Z3, a roadster, was built on June 28, 2002. On October 22, 2002, the Z4 roadster began production. On January 8, 2006, the Z4 M Roadster began production. On April 4, 2006, the Z4 coupe began production along with its <br> M version, the Z4 M Coupe. On September 22, 2006, the final 1st gen. X5 was built. On September 28, 2006, the 2nd gen. X5 began production. On December 3, 2007, the X6 began production. On August 28, 2008, the final 1st gen. Z4, a roadster, was built at Spartanburg. The 2nd gen. Z4 was built in Regensburg, Germany. On September 1, 2010, the X3 began production at Spartanburg with the 2nd gen. (the 1st gen. was imported from Austria). On August 1, 2013, the 3rd gen. X5 began production. On April 1, 2014, X4 production began. On August 1, 2014, the 2nd gen. X6 began production. On December 1, 2014, the first X5 M and <br> X6 M began production, the first M SUVs. In December 2018, the X7 began production. In April 2019, the first <br> X3 M and X4 M began production. On December 1, 2022, production of the XM began. A stamping plant was added in 2024. BMW has expanded the plant 7 times and Spartanburg is now BMW's largest plant in the world. BMW has produced over 7 million vehicles at Spartanburg.<br> Past models:<br> BMW 3-Series sedan 1995-1996 (318i '95-'96, 328i '96),<br> Z3 1996-2002, Z4 2003-2008, X4 2015-2025 |- |A, B, U (when VIN begins with 4JG or 55S) |[[w:Mercedes-Benz U.S. International|Mercedes-Benz U.S. International]] [MBUSI] |[[w:Vance, Alabama|Vance, Alabama]] |1997 |Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class wagon 2016-, GLE-Class Coupe 2016-2019, 2021-,<br> GLS-Class 2017-, EQE-Class SUV 2023-,<br> EQS-Class SUV 2023- |In February 1997, production began with the M-Class ML320. In 2005, production of the R-Class began. In 2006, production of the GL-Class began. The R-Class was discontinued in North America after 2012 and in Europe and most other markets after 2013 but it was still sold in China. In June 2014, passenger car production began at Vance for the first time with the C-Class sedan. In late July 2015, the R-Class ended production in AL and was moved to AM General's Commercial plant in Mishawaka, IN for export to China. R-Class production began at the AM General plant on August 11, 2015.<br> R-Class production ended at the AM General plant in September 2017. In April 2015, production began of the GLE-Class Coupe. For 2016, the M-Class was renamed GLE-Class. For 2017, the GL-Class was renamed GLS-Class. In 2020, Vance ended production of the C-Class sedan. In September 2020, Vance began production of the Mercedes-Maybach GLS 600, the first time an ultra-luxury Maybach model was made in the US. In August 2022, EV production began with the EQS-Class SUV. In December 2022, production of the EQE-Class SUV began. In 2023, production of the first electric Maybach began with the Mercedes-Maybach EQS680 SUV. Mercedes has produced over 5 million vehicles at Vance. <br> Past models: Mercedes-Benz M-Class 1998-2015,<br> R-Class 2006-2015, GL-Class 2007-2016,<br> C-Class sedan 2015-2020 |- |T |Mercedes-Benz Vans Charleston |[[w:Ladson, South Carolina|Ladson, South Carolina]] |2018 (start of CKD assembly) |Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2019-,<br> eSprinter 2024- |This plant was originally opened by Western Star to build heavy trucks in 1999, which is before Western Star was taken over by Daimler. After the Daimler takeover in 2000, Daimler/Freightliner transferred the plant to their fire truck brand American LaFrance. When American LaFrance was sold off in 2005, Daimler/Freightliner kept the Ladson plant. However, American LaFrance was allowed to continue to use the plant until early 2007. The Ladson plant was then converted to assemble Sprinter vans, which were moved to Ladson from the Freightliner Custom Chassis plant in Gaffney, SC that had been assembling Sprinter vans from 2001-2006. The 2007-2018 Freightliner Sprinter, 2007-2009 Dodge Sprinter, 2010-2018 Mercedes Sprinter, and the 2016-2023 Mercedes Metris were assembled at this plant from imported SKD kits but their VINs did not reflect that. As such, their plant codes referred to plants in other countries where the knock-down kits came from such as Germany (Sprinter) or Spain (Metris). For the '19 Sprinter, the plant was upgraded and enlarged to do more of the assembly work than before (CKD instead of only SKD). A body shop and a paint shop were added and the final assembly area was expanded. <br> Past models: Freightliner Sprinter 2019-2021 |- |G |[[w:List of Volvo Car production plants|Volvo Car US Operations ]](VCCH=Volvo Car Charleston Plant) |[[w:Ridgeville, South Carolina|Ridgeville, South Carolina]] |2018 |Volvo EX90 2025-, Polestar 3 2025-, Volvo XC60 2027- |Began production in August 2018 with the S60 sedan. On June 5, 2024, EX90 production began. S60 production ended in late June 2024. On August 14, 2024, Volvo's US plant began producing the Polestar 3.<br> Past models: Volvo S60 2019-2025 |} Note: PHEV=Plug-in hybrid, rhd=right-hand drive, CKD=complete knock-down kit, SKD=semi knock-down kit ==Former US production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |Z |[[w:NUMMI|NUMMI]] |[[w:Fremont, California|Fremont, California]] |1984/2010 |Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d (1987-1988) (E80), <br> Toyota Corolla sedan (1989-2010) (E90/E100/E110/E130/E140),<br> Toyota Pickup (1992-1995),<br> Toyota Tacoma (1995-2010),<br> Toyota Voltz (For export: '02-'04),<br> Chevrolet Nova (1985-1988),<br> Geo Prizm (1989-1997),<br> Chevrolet Prizm (1998-2002),<br> Pontiac Vibe (2003-2010) |Operated from 1963-1982 as a GM factory. From 1984-2010, operated as New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), which was a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Toyota and assembled both GM and Toyota vehicles. First vehicle produced was a yellow Chevrolet Nova in December 1984. First Toyota produced was a Corolla FX16 3-d hatchback in September 1986. This was followed by the Corolla FX 3-d hatchback in February 1987. Nova and Corolla FX production ended in September 1988. That same month, NUMMI began producing the Toyota Corolla 4-door sedan. Geo Prizm production began in November 1988. In August 1991, Toyota pickup production began with the Regular Cab 4x2. The 4x4 followed in February 1992 ant the Xtracab followed in March 1993. Tacoma pickup production began in January 1995, replacing the previous unnamed Toyota pickup model. Prizm production ended in December 2001. In January 2002, Pontiac Vibe production began. In June 2002, production began of the Toyota Voltz, a rhd version of the Pontiac Vibe built for export to Japan. In February 2004, Toyota Voltz production ended. In September 2004, the 2nd generation Tacoma pickup began production. Pontiac Vibe production ended on August 17, 2009, ending GM production at Fremont. Tacoma pickup production ended March 26, 2010. The last vehicle built at NUMMI, a red Corolla sedan, was built April 1, 2010. NUMMI produced 7.74 million vehicles (just under 5.7 million Toyota brand vehicles and a little more than 2.04 million GM brand vehicles). The plant was sold to Tesla in May 2010. Tesla only bought 210 of the total 370 acres owned by NUMMI. Tesla also bought $15 million worth of equipment and parts from the former NUMMI plant. Tesla took possession of the plant in October 2010. Tesla began production at Fremont in June 2012 with the Model S. |- |5 |[[w:Flat Rock Assembly Plant|Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA/AutoAlliance International]] |[[w:Flat Rock, Michigan|Flat Rock, Michigan]] |1987/2012 (Year of Mazda withdrawal from plant and end of Mazda production) |Mazda MX-6 (1988-1997),<br> 626 (1990-2002), Mazda 6 (2003-2013), Ford Probe (1989-1997),<br> Mercury Cougar (1999-2002),<br> Ford Cougar (For export: 1999-2002),<br> Ford Mustang (Gen 5) (2005-2014) |Built at the site of the closed Ford Michigan Casting Center (1972-1981), which cast various parts for Ford including V8 engine blocks and heads for Ford 335, 385, & FE/FT series engines as well as transmission, axle, & steering gear housings and gear cases. Mazda bought the closed plant from Ford and converted it into a vehicle assembly plant. Reopened in 1987 as Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA, a Mazda subsidiary. First vehicle produced was an MX-6 on September 1, 1987. Ford Probe production began in 1988. Mazda 626 production began in 1989. On April 15, 1992, Ford bought 50% of the plant from Mazda, turning the plant into a 50/50 joint venture. Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA was then renamed AutoAlliance International on July 1, 1992. Mercury Cougar production began in 1998. The Mercury Cougar was also built for export markets such as Europe and Australia as the Ford Cougar. In 2002, production of the Mazda 6 began in order to replace the previous 626 while Mercury Cougar production ended on August 9. In September 2004, the Ford Mustang began production at the Flat Rock plant. On August 24, 2012, the last Mazda 6 was built in Flat Rock, thus ending Mazda production at the Flat Rock plant. On September 10, 2012, Ford renamed the plant Flat Rock Assembly Plant and Ford took full management control of the plant.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121112164832/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=37067] Ford continues to operate the Flat Rock Assembly Plant and continues to build the Mustang there. Since Mazda ended production in Flat Rock, Ford also produced the 2014-2016 Ford Fusion and the 2017-2020 Lincoln Continental at the Flat Rock plant. |- |E |[[w:Diamond-Star Motors|Diamond-Star Motors/Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America/Mitsubishi Motors North America Manufacturing Division]] |[[w:Normal, Illinois|Normal, Illinois]] |1988/2015 (end of Mitsubishi production) |Mitsubishi Eclipse (1990-2012),<br> Mirage sedan (1991-1992),<br> Galant (1994-2012),<br> Endeavor (2004-2011),<br> Outlander Sport/RVR (2013-2015),<br> Plymouth Laser (1990-1994),<br> Eagle Talon (1990-1998),<br> Eagle Summit sedan (1991-1992), Chrysler Sebring Coupe (1995-2005), Dodge Avenger (1995-2000),<br> Dodge Stratus Coupe (2001-2005) |Originally established as Diamond-Star Motors, a 50/50 joint venture between Chrysler and Mitsubishi which assembled both Chrysler and Mitsubishi vehicles. Production began in September 1988. In October 1991, Chrysler sold its 50% stake in the plant to Mitsubishi but production for Chrysler continued under contract. On May 24, 1993, production of the Galant began at the Diamond-Star plant. In July 1995, the plant was renamed Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America. In January 2002, the plant was renamed Mitsubishi Motors North America Manufacturing Division. In January 2003, production of the Mitsubishi Endeavor began, the first SUV built at the Mitsubishi plant. In February 2005, production of vehicles for Chrysler ended. All further production was only of Mitsubishi-branded vehicles. In mid-2012, the plant began producing the Mitsubishi Outlander Sport. The Outlander Sport is sold as the RVR in Canada. On November 30, 2015, vehicle production ended. The Mitsubishi plant produced 3,283,549 vehicles. The plant continued to produce replacement parts until May 2016, when the plant closed completely. In June 2016, the plant was sold to liquidation firm Maynards Industries. In January 2017, EV startup Rivian Automotive bought the former Mitsubishi plant. Rivian began production at the Normal, IL plant in September 2021 with the R1T electric pickup. |- |V (1981-1989) |[[w:Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly|Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly]] |[[w:East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]] |1978/1988 |VW Rabbit 1979-1984,<br> Rabbit GTI 1983-1984,<br> Rabbit Pickup 1980-1983,<br> Golf/GTI 1985-1989, Jetta 1987-1988 |First foreign-brand auto assembly plant in the US since before WWII. In 1968, Chrysler had announced construction of a new plant near New Stanton, PA. In 1969, Chrysler halted construction. Volkswagen bought the unfinished New Stanton plant from Chrysler in October 1976 and renamed it Westmoreland Assembly, after the county in which it was located. The plant was an empty shell so VW had to finish its construction. In April 1978, production of the gas-powered VW Rabbit hatchback began. The first car built was a white Rabbit 3-d hatchback. Diesel-powered models were added to the PA production line for 1980 as was the Rabbit Pickup in October 1979. For 1981, Canada began sourcing the Rabbit from the Westmoreland plant. Production of the Rabbit GTI was added in fall 1982 for the 1983 model year. Rabbit Pickup production ended in 1983. Rabbit production ended on June 15, 1984 and was replaced by the 2nd generation Golf, which began production on August 23, 1984. The 1 millionth vehicle was produced on November 14, 1985. Jetta production began on October 6, 1986. On September 21, 1987, Westmoreland began making its own Jetta bodyshells instead of sourcing them from Puebla, Mexico. In November 1987, VW announced plans to close the plant. On March 30, 1988, Jetta production ended. The last Jetta was a red 4-d sedan. VW production at Westmoreland ended on July 14, 1988. The last car built was a white 1989 Golf 3-d hatchback. A total of 1,197,411 vehicles were built. In 1994, its VIN ID code (plant code) was reassigned to the Palmela, Portugal plant. The Westmoreland production line and tooling were crated and shipped to FAW-VW in Changchun, China. The 2nd gen. Jetta started production in China in 1991 using production equipment and tooling from Westmoreland. From 1991 to 2012, over 3 million 2nd gen. Jettas were produced in China. Sony took over the Westmoreland plant in 1990 to manufacture televisions and picture tubes for TVs. Sony ended manufacturing at the plant in 2009 although repair and logistics operations continued through March 2010. Aquion Energy occupied the site from 2014-2017, making sodium-ion batteries. The property is now the RIDC (Regional Industrial Development Corp.) Westmoreland Innovation Center, a multi-use development occupied by multiple tenants including Siemens, Westmoreland County Community College’s Advanced Technology Center, Intervala, DNP IMS America, City Brewery, and Cenveo. PennSTART, a closed loop, state-of-the-art test track and research facility for emerging transportation technologies, autonomous technology companies, and traffic incident management training is also using part of the site. |} Note: rhd=right-hand drive ==Current Canadian production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/province !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |C |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada - Cambridge]] |[[w:Cambridge, Ontario|Cambridge, Ontario]] |1988 |Lexus RX 2004-, RX Hybrid 2015-,<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2026-,<br> Lexus NX (gas/hybrid) 2022- |Toyota's 1st assembly plant in Canada.<br> Has 2 assembly lines: the original South plant and <br> the North plant, which was added in 1997.<br> The South plant began production on November 30, 1988 with the Corolla sedan. Engine production at Cambridge began on October 2, 1995 with 1.6L (4A-FE) & 1.8L (7A-FE) 4-cylinder engines for the Corolla. On August 5, 1997, production begins at the North plant with the Corolla sedan, which moved over from the South plant. On June 29, 1998, the South plant begins production of the Camry Solara coupe. On February 21, 2000, the South plant begins production of the Camry Solara convertible. On January 3, 2002, the North plant begins production of the Matrix. On December 20, 2002, the South plant ends production of the Camry Solara, which is transferred to Georgetown, KY for its 2nd generation 2004 model. On September 26, 2003, the Lexus RX begins production at the South plant with the RX330. This makes Cambridge the first plant outside Japan to build a Lexus model. In December 2007, engine production at Cambridge ended and was moved to Buffalo, WV. On March 26, 2014, the South plant begins production of the Lexus RX Hybrid with the RX450h. On March 30, 2022, the North plant began production of the Lexus NX. This makes Cambridge the first plant outside Japan to build 2 Lexus models. <br> Past models: Toyota Corolla sedan 1989-2019,<br> Camry Solara 1999-2003,<br> Matrix 2003-2013 & 2014 in Canada,<br> RAV4 (gas-only) 2019-2025 |- |W |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada - Woodstock]] |[[w:Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock, Ontario]] |2008 |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2019- |On November 3, 2008, Woodstock, also known as the West plant, begins production with the RAV4. On May 22, 2012, the RAV4 EV, powered by a Tesla motor and Panasonic battery, begins production. The RAV4 EV ended production in August 2014. <br> Past models: Toyota RAV4 EV 2012-2014,<br> RAV4 (gas-only) 2009-2025 |- |H |[[w:Honda of Canada Manufacturing|Honda of Canada Manufacturing - Alliston Auto Plant]] |[[w:Alliston, Ontario|Alliston, Ontario]] |1986 |Honda Civic 4-d sedan 1996-,<br> Civic Si 4-d 2007-2015, 2017-2020, 2022-<br> Civic Hybrid sedan 2025-,<br> CR-V 2012-, CR-V Hybrid 2023- |The first Japanese automotive assembly plant in Canada. Plant 1 began production in November 3, 1986 with the Accord sedan. Accord production in Canada ended in 1988. Civic production began in 1988 with the 3-d hatchback. In 1992, the Civic 2-d coupe began production. Acura production began in 1996 with the Canada-only EL sedan. Plant 2 opened on September 30, 1998, building the 1999 Odyssey. The 2nd gen. Odyssey was also built for export to Japan with right-hand drive as the Honda LaGreat. In 2000, Plant 2 began production of the Acura MDX. The 1st gen. Acura MDX was also exported to Japan and Australia with right-hand drive as the Honda MDX. In 2002, Plant 2 began production of the Pilot. The 1st gen. Pilot was also exported to the Middle East as the Honda MR-V.<br> In 2004, Odyssey production ended at Alliston and was consolidated in Lincoln, AL. In 2005, Plant 2 began production of the Ridgeline. In 2005, the Acura EL ended production and was replaced with the CSX, also Canada-only. In 2007, Pilot production ended at Alliston and was consolidated in Lincoln, AL. In April 2007, Civic sedan production was added to Plant 2, the first time Plant 2 had ever built a passenger car. In 2008, an engine plant was added to the Alliston complex, making 4-cylinder engines for the Civic. In 2009, Ridgeline production ended at Alliston and was moved in Lincoln, AL. On December 16, 2009, Plant 2 began production of the Acura ZDX. In 2011, the CSX ended production. On January 23, 2012, Plant 2 began production of the CR-V. On March 28, 2013, the MDX ended production at Alliston and was moved in Lincoln, AL. The ZDX also ended production in 2013 and was discontinued. Civic sedan production at Plant 2 ended in 2015 with the 9th gen. Civic (the 10th gen. was only made at Plant 1). Plant 2 now focused solely on CR-V production. In 2022, Plant 2 began production of the CR-V Hybrid. In 2024, Plant 1 began production of the Civic Hybrid sedan. Over 10 million vehicles have been produced at Alliston. <br> Past models: Honda Accord 4-d sedan 1987-1988,<br> Civic 3-d hatchback 1988-2000,<br> Civic Si 3-d hatchback 1989-1995,<br> Civic 2-d coupe 1993-1995, 2006-2020,<br> Civic Si 2-d coupe 2006-2015, 2017-2020<br> Odyssey 1999-2004, Pilot 2003-2007,<br> Ridgeline 2006-2009,<br> Acura EL 1997-2005 (Canada only),<br> Acura CSX 2006-2011 (Canada only),<br> Acura MDX 2001-2013, ZDX 2010-2013,<br> Honda LaGreat (For export: 1999-2004),<br> Honda MDX (For export: 2003-2006),<br> Honda MR-V (For export: 2003-2005) |- |} ==Former Canadian production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/province !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |6 |[[w:CAMI Automotive|CAMI Automotive]] |[[w:Ingersoll, Ontario|Ingersoll, Ontario]] |1989/2009 (end of Suzuki production & ownership of plant) |Suzuki Swift 1991, 1993-2001,<br> Suzuki Sidekick 1990-1998,<br> Suzuki Vitara 1999-2004,<br> Suzuki XL7 2007-2009,<br> Geo Metro 1990-1997,<br> Chevrolet Metro 1998-2001,<br> Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) <br> (1991, 1994-2001),<br> Geo Tracker 1990-1997,<br> Chevrolet Tracker 1998-2004,<br> Asuna Sunrunner (Canada only) (1992-1993), Pontiac Sunrunner (Canada only) (1994-1998),<br> Chevrolet Equinox 2005-2022,<br> Pontiac Torrent 2006-2009, <br> GMC Terrain 2010-2017 |Originally, a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Suzuki called CAMI Automotive, Inc. CAMI originally stood for Canadian Automotive Manufacturing Inc. Began production in April 1989 on the SUV line (Tracker) and in November 1989 on the car line (Metro). In the 1st gen., only Metro hatchbacks were made at CAMI. The convertible was always imported from Japan. Only the Suzuki Swift 3-d hatchback was made at CAMI; 1st gen. 5-d hatchbacks and 4-d sedans were all imported from Japan. 4-door versions of the Suzuki Sidekick began to be made at CAMI for 1994. In 1994, the 2nd gen. 1995 Geo Metro and its twin, the Suzuki Swift, began production at CAMI. For 1996, the Geo Tracker added a 4-door version, which was made by CAMI. The 1996-1998 Suzuki Sidekick Sport, which had a 1.8-liter engine and a slightly different appearance, was not built by CAMI. For 1998, GM eliminated Geo and the Geo Metro and Tracker became Chevrolet Metro and Tracker. In 1998, the 2nd gen. 1999 Chevrolet Tracker and its twin, the Suzuki Vitara, began production at CAMI. The Suzuki Grand Vitara was not built by CAMI. On April 26, 2001, CAMI ended car production as the Chevrolet Metro and Suzuki Swift ended production. After that, only SUVs were produced. On January 27, 2004, the Suzuki-developed Chevrolet Tracker and Suzuki Vitara ended production. On February 20, 2004, CAMI began production of the GM-developed Chevrolet Equinox. On August 2, 2005, CAMI began production of the Pontiac Torrent, a sister model of the 1st gen. Chevrolet Equinox. In August 2006, CAMI began production of the Suzuki XL7, based on the same GM Theta architecture as the Equinox & Torrent. This was the first Suzuki built at CAMI since the Vitara ended production in January 2004. In May 2009, CAMI ended production of the 1st gen. Chevrolet Equinox and the Pontiac Torrent. On May 25, 2009, CAMI began production of the 2nd gen. Chevrolet Equinox followed by its new sister model, the GMC Terrain, on August 10. In May 2009, Suzuki produced its last vehicle at the CAMI plant, an XL7. In December 2009, GM bought Suzuki's share of the plant. In 2011, the sale of Suzuki's half of CAMI to GM was completed and CAMI Automotive, Inc. was renamed GM CAMI Assembly. Since 2011, GM has continued to operate the CAMI plant as a 100% owned factory. Since Suzuki ended production at CAMI, GM continued to produce the GMC Terrain through July 2017 and the Chevy Equinox through April 28, 2022 at the CAMI plant. The 3rd gen. Chevy Equinox began production on January 9, 2017 alongside production of the 2nd gen. Equinox and 1st gen. Terrain, both of which ended production in July 2017. Both the Equinox and Terrain have since been moved to Mexico and since December 5, 2022, CAMI has produced BrightDrop electric delivery vans for GM. |- |B |Hyundai Auto Canada |[[w:Bromont, Quebec|Bromont, Quebec]] |1989/1993 |Hyundai Sonata 1990-1994 |Hyundai's first plant in North America. A deal with Chrysler to supply a rebadged Sonata from Bromont to sell under the Eagle brand was cancelled before it ever started. Launched production in February 1989. Stamping plant added in November 1990. Ended production in September 1993. A plan to switch production to the Elantra never got off the ground. A wheel plant, in Newmarket, Ontario also closed at the same time. Hyundai later sold the Bromont plant site. In 1996, some of the production equipment from Bromont was shipped to Hyundai's then-new plant in India near Chennai and helped to launch the Indian plant. |- |3 (in pos. 7 of VIN 1975-1980 <br> & <br> pos. 11 of VIN <br> 1981-on),<br><br> 8 (in pos. 7 of VIN 1967-1974 140 series) |[[w:Volvo Halifax Assembly|Volvo Halifax Assembly]] |[[w:Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |1967/1987 |Volvo 140 series 1968-1974,<br> 240 series 1975-1988 |Located on Pier 9 in Halifax. Replaced a previous plant located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The Dartmouth plant was Volvo's 1st plant in Canada, Volvo's first wholly owned plant outside Sweden, and the first non-North American owned automobile assembly plant in North America since before World War II. The Dartmouth plant was leased from Atlantic Sugar Refineries and was a converted former sugar refinery. The Dartmouth plant opened in June 1963 and first built the Volvo "Amazon"<br> 122 S as the Volvo Canadian. Dartmouth later also built the Volvo "Amazon" 123 GT as the Volvo Canadian GT as well as some PV544 models. The Volvo Canadian, based on the 122 S, was built as a 2-d, 4-d, and a wagon. In 1967, production moved to the larger plant at Pier 9 in Halifax. The Pier 9 plant was officially opened on April 14th, 1967. The Pier 9 plant was Volvo's 2nd plant in Canada. Both plants assembled vehicles from complete knock-down (CKD) kits shipped from Sweden. Production ended in early October 1987 with the 1988 240 series. 240 production then ended in Canada and switched to imports while the Pier 9 plant was replaced by the new Bayers Lake plant, which opened in December 1987 to build the 740. |- |3 |[[w:Volvo Halifax Assembly|Volvo Halifax Assembly]]- Bayers Lake Assembly Plant |[[w:Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |1987/1998 |Volvo 740 1988-1992, 940 1991-1995, 850 1996-1997, S70/V70 1998-1999 |Located in Bayers Lake Business Park in Halifax. Replaced a previous plant located on Pier 9 in Halifax. This was Volvo's 3rd plant in Canada. Plant assembled vehicles from complete knock-down (CKD) kits shipped from Sweden. Production began in late December 1987 with the 740. Production of the 940 began in 1990. 740 production ended in 1992 while 940 production ended in 1995. The plant was then converted to build the 850 for 1996. The 850 sedan and wagon were updated into the S70 sedan and V70 wagon for 1998. Production ended on December 18, 1998. Last vehicle produced was a 1999 S70. |- |} ==Current Mexican production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |M |[[w:TMMBC|TMMBC]] |[[w:Tijuana|Tijuana]], [[w:Baja California|Baja California]] |2004 |Toyota Tacoma 2005- |In September 2004, began making truck beds for Tacoma pickups. In December 2004, began making Tacoma pickups. |- |T |[[w:TMMGT|TMMGT]] |[[w:Apaseo el Grande|Apaseo el Grande]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2019 |Toyota Tacoma 2020- |Began production in December 2019. |- |M |[[w:Honda de México|Honda de México- Celaya Automobile and Engine Plant]] |[[w:Celaya|Celaya]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2014 |Honda HR-V 2016-, Acura ADX 2025- |Celaya is Honda's second automobile plant in Mexico after the El Salto plant. Celaya also makes 4-cylinder engines for the models it builds. Engine production began in 2013 with the 1.5L I4 for the Fit. Celaya now makes the 2.0L engine for the 2nd gen. HR-V. A plant next door makes CVT transmissions since 2015. Celaya began vehicle production on February 22, 2014 with the Fit. HR-V began production in 2015. The Fit ended production in 2020 and was discontinued in North America. The Acura ADX began production in 2025 and is the first Acura built in Mexico. <br> Past models: Honda Fit 2015-2020 |- |L |Nissan Mexicana- A1 plant |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |1992 |Nissan March [K13] 2012- (N/A in US & Can.),<br> Versa [N19] 2026- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Kicks [P16] 2025- |Began production on November 12, 1992. Located next to Nissan's engine plant in Aguascalientes, which began production in 1983. Nissan's newer A2 plant in Aguascalientes is located 4 miles away. Took over all North American Sentra production beginning with the 5th gen. 2000 model until the 7th gen. 2013 model. Began production of the Renault Clio on November 15, 2001. On March 4, 2002, began production of the Nissan Platina, a rebadged Renault Symbol. The Mexican market Tiida is the same as the US & Canadian first gen. Versa. Began production of the Nissan March for the Mexican market and export to Latin America in March 2011. The March was exported to Canada as the Micra for the 2015-2019 model years. The V-Drive is a continuation of the 2nd gen. Versa (N17) sold alongside the 3rd gen. Versa (N18). The Kicks Play is a continuation of the 1st gen. Kicks (P15) sold alongside the 2nd gen. Kicks (P16). The A1 plant has produced over 7.7 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Nissan Sentra 1994-2019,<br> Tsubame [Y10] 1993-2001 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Platina 2002-2010 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Tiida [C11] 2007-2011 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> V-Drive [N17] 2020-2024 (not sold in US & Canada), Versa [C11] 2007-2012, Versa [N17] 2012-2019,<br> Versa [N18] 2020-2025, Versa Note [E12] 2014-2019,<br> Micra [K13] 2015-2019 (Canada only),<br> Kicks [P15] 2018-2024, Kicks Play [P15] 2025,<br> Renault Clio 2002-2009 (not sold in US & Canada) |- |Y |Nissan Mexicana- A2 plant |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |2013 |Nissan Sentra 2014- |Began production on November 12, 2013. Located 4 miles away from Nissan's A1 plant in Aguascalientes. Took over all North American Sentra production beginning with the 8th gen. 2020 model. The A2 plant has produced over 1.8 million vehicles. |- |K |Nissan Mexicana- Cuernavaca plant |[[w:Civac|Civac]] (Ciudad Industrial del Valle de Cuernavaca), [[w:Jiutepec|Jiutepec city]], [[w:Morelos|Morelos state]] |1966 |Nissan NP300 [D23] 2016- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Frontier [D23] 2021- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Versa 2012- ,<br> |Nissan's first wholly owned plant outside Japan. Began production on May 12, 1966. Production of the 520 pickup, based on the 410-series Bluebird, began in 1967. Line 2 launched production in 1975 and makes pickup trucks, beginning with the 620. In 1978, an engine plant was added but this is no longer in operation. Exports began in 1972 with the 620 pickup. The NV200 van was built on Line 1, as was its twin, the Chevrolet City Express. The NV200, City Express, and some Versas ('12 5-d, '14 & '17-'18 4-d) were the only vehicles made at the Cuernavaca plant to be sold in the US. With the facelift for 2021, the NP300 became Regular Cab only while the NP300 Frontier, renamed as Frontier, became Double Cab (a.k.a. Crew Cab) only. Cuernavaca has built over 6.5 million vehicles. Cuernavaca is slated to close by March 2026.<br> Past models: Datsun Bluebird (410/510), 160J (710), 160J/180J/Samurai (A10), 520 pickup, 620 pickup, Datsun/Nissan 720 pickup (1980-1992),<br> Nissan Tsuru [B11] (1984-1987), Tsuru II [B12] (1988-1991), Tsuru [B13] (1992-2017), Tsuru Samurai [B11] (1985-1987), Ninja Turbo [B11] (1987), Hikari [B12] (1988-1992), Sentra Classic [B12] (Canada: 1991-1993),<br> Lucino [B14] 1996-2000, Tiida [C11] (2007-2018),<br> V-Drive [N17] 2020-2025 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Tsubame [Y10] 1993-2001, Pickup [D21] (1993-2008),<br> NP300/NP300 Frontier [D22] (2008-2015),<br> NP300 Frontier [D23] (2016-2020), Ichi Van [C120] (1987-1994), NV200 [M20] (2013-2021), Chevrolet <br> City Express (2015-2018), Renault Scenic (2001-2004), Renault Alaskan (only for export) (2017-2020) |- |F (Infiniti),<br> W (Mercedes) |[[w:Cooperation Manufacturing Plant Aguascalientes|COMPAS]] |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |2017 |Infiniti QX50 2019-2025, Infiniti QX55 2022-2025, Mercedes-Benz GLB-Class 2020-2026 |COMPAS is a 50/50 joint venture between Nissan and Daimler AG (renamed Mercedes-Benz Group in February 2022). The COMPAS plant is part of the same complex as the A2 plant and is at the southern end of the property. The joint venture was formed to build both Infiniti and Mercedes-Benz models. Infiniti production began in November 2017 with the QX50. Mercedes production began in September 2018 with the A-Class sedan. This was followed by the GLB-Class in 2019. In 2020, Mercedes ended A-Class production at COMPAS and shifted its production back to Germany. The QX50 was joined by the QX55 in 2021. Infiniti production ended in November 2025. Mercedes production will end in May 2026. The plant will then close. <br> Past models: Mercedes-Benz A-Class sedan 2019-2020 |- |M (Mazda),<br> Y (Toyota) |[[w:List_of_Mazda_facilities#Production_plants|Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation]] (MMVO) |[[w:Salamanca, Guanajuato|Salamanca]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2014 |Mazda 3 2014-,<br> Mazda 2 2015- (not sold in US & Can.),<br> CX-30 2020-,<br> CX-3 2023- (not sold in US & Canada) |Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation was originally a 70/30 joint venture between Mazda and Sumitomo Corp. In March 2017, Mazda increased its share to 75%, which reduced Sumitomo to 25%. On November 30, 2020, Mazda agreed to buy out Sumitomo and, effective at the end of March 2021, MMVO became 100% owned by Mazda. Began production on January 7, 2014 with the Mazda 3. In October 2014, began production of the Mazda 2 hatchback. The sedan version of the Mazda 2 was added in 2018 for the Mexican 2019 model year. Production for Toyota began in June 2015 and ended in 2020. MMVO built both 4-d & 5-d versions of the 3rd gen. Mazda3 but only builds 4-d versions of the 4th gen. Mazda 3 because the 4th gen. 5-d was moved to Japan to make room for the CX-30. In September 2019, CX-30 production began. In October 2022, CX-3 production began. MMVO also produces engines onsite (SKYACTIV-G 1.5, SKYACTIV-G 2.0, and <br> SKYACTIV-G 2.5). Engine machining began on <br> October 21, 2014. In 2020, vehicle production <br> surpassed 1 million units. <br> Past models:<br> US market: Scion iA 2016, Toyota Yaris iA 2017-2018, Yaris sedan 2019-2020, Yaris hatchback 2020.<br> Canadian market: Toyota Yaris sedan 2016-2020,<br> Yaris hatchback 2020.<br> Mexican market: Toyota Yaris R 2016-2020. |- |E |[[w:List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities#Monterrey Plant (KMMX)|Kia Motors Manufacturing Mexico]] [KMMX] |[[w:Pesquería|Pesquería]], [[w:Nuevo León|Nuevo León]] |2016 |Kia K3 2024- (not sold in US & Can.),<br> K4 4-d 2025-, K4 5-d 2026-,<br> Hyundai Tucson 2025- |In May 2016, began production of the Kia Forte. In January 2017, added production of the Kia Rio followed later in the year by the Hyundai Accent. The Accent ended production at KMMX in 2022 and was discontinued in North America. The Kia Rio was discontinued in the US and Canada after 2023 but in Mexico, it was replaced by the K3 for 2024. The Kia Forte was replaced by the K4 for 2025. In August 2024, production of the Hyundai Tucson was added for export to the US. Mexican-built Tucsons are not sold in Mexico as Mexico sources the swb version of the Tucson from the Czech Republic for sale in Mexico, while the version built in Mexico is the lwb version of the Tucson sold in the US and Canada. Due to new US tariffs on imports, Hyundai shifted US-market Tucson production from Mexico to HMMA in the US and moved Canadian-market Tucson production from HMMA to Mexico in April 2025. KMMX has produced over 2 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Kia Forte 4-d 2017-2024, Forte5 2017-18, Rio 2018-2023, Hyundai Accent 2018-2022 |- |M |[[w:Volkswagen de México|Volkswagen de México - Puebla plant]] |[[w:Puebla (city)|Puebla (city)]], [[w:Puebla|Puebla state]] |1967 |VW Jetta (Mexico: 1987-, US: 1989-),<br> Tiguan 2018-, Taos 2022- |Began production on October 23, 1967 with the Beetle, known in Mexico as the VW Sedan. VW exported the Beetle to Europe from 1978-1985. On May 15, 1981, the 20 millionth Beetle rolled off the assembly line in Puebla. On June 23, 1992, the 21 millionth Beetle rolled off the line in Puebla. In October 1970, began production of the Combi (T2 Microbus). From 1973, the cargo van version called the Volkswagen Panel was added. In 1988, a luxury variant, the Volkswagen Caravelle, was added. T2 production finally ended in Mexico in 1994. In November 1970, began production of the Safari (Type 181). On March 7, 1973, exports of the Safari to the US began. In The US, the VW Safari were sold as the VW Thing from 1973-1974. These were the first Mexican-built vehicles to be sold in the US. Safari production continued through 1980, though military-spec Type 181 production continued through 1983. In 1974, began production of the Brasilia, an air-cooled, rear-engine 3-d hatchback developed by VW do Brazil. The Brasilia ended production in 1982. In 1976, began production of the VW Hormiga, a small, fwd, light-duty flatbed truck. Production ended in 1978. In 1977, began production of the 1st gen. Golf, sold as the VW Caribe in Mexico. In April 1981, began production of the 1st gen. Jetta, sold as the VW Atlantic in Mexico. Puebla also started making water-cooled engines in April 1981. In December 1984, began production of the B2 Passat, sold as the VW Corsar in Mexico. The Corsar ended production in 1988. The 2nd gen. Golf and Jetta were sold in Mexico under their global names and launched in 1987 with the Golf beginning production in March 1987 and the Jetta in May 1987. In October 1988, VW began producing the Golf and Jetta for export to the US and Canada for the 1989 model year, marking Puebla's first exports to the US since 1974. In the first half of 1995, Puebla began production of the Derby and the Cabrio, the convertible version of the 3rd gen. Golf. Derby ended production in Puebla in 1997 while the Cabrio ended production in Puebla in 2002 and was replaced by the New Beetle convertible for 2003. On October 1, 1997, began production of the New Beetle, which was produced exclusively in Puebla for global markets. Puebla stopped producing the Golf in 1999 in order to make more room for New Beetle production. Golfs began to be imported from Brazil for 2000. On July 30, 2003, production of the classic Beetle (Sedan) finally ended in Puebla, the last factory in the world to still build the original Beetle. In July 2010, production of the New Beetle ended. In July 2011, production of the 3rd gen. Beetle began in Puebla, again the only production site in the world for this model. On July 10, 2019, production of the 3rd gen. Beetle ended. The 5th gen. Jetta was sold in Mexico as the Bora. Beginning with the 5th generation, the Jetta was no longer produced in Europe and Puebla became the main production site. The wagon variant of the 5th gen. Golf/Jetta was only built in Puebla, beginning in the 1st half of 2007. What is sometimes referred to as the 6th gen. Golf/Jetta wagon is actually a facelifted 5th gen. made to look similar to the 6th gen. and it was still only built in Puebla. On January 14, 2014, production began of the 7th gen. Golf. The 7th gen. Golf wagon was again only made in Puebla. The 2nd gen. Tiguan began production in 2017, in LWB form. The LWB version, known in Europe as Tiguan Allspace, is produced in Puebla for all markets except China. The Taos began production in October 2020, replacing the Golf on Puebla's assembly lines. The 3rd gen. Tiguan began production in December 2024. In 2004, Brazilian-developed VW commercial trucks and buses began to be assembled in Puebla in a small warehouse next to the main plant. The VW Worker truck and Volksbus bus chassis were assembled. In 2010, VW truck and bus production moved to a MAN plant in Queretaro. Puebla has built over 14 million vehicles. <br> Past models: VW Beetle (Sedan) (Mexico: 1968-2003, Europe: 1978-1985), Combi (Mexico: 1971-1994),<br> Safari (Mexico: 1971-1980), Thing (US: 1973-1974), Brasilia (Mexico: 1975-82), Hormiga (Mexico: 1976-78), Caribe (Mexico: 1977-1987), Atlantic (Mexico: 1981-87), Corsar (Mexico: 1985-1988), Golf Mk2/3 (Mexico: 1987-1999, US: 1989-1999), Golf Mk7 (US: 2015-2021), Derby (Mexico: 1995-1997), Cabrio (US: 1996-2002), New Beetle 1998-2010, Beetle (Mk3) 2012-2019, Jetta Sportwagen (US: 2009-2014), Golf Sportwagen (US: 2015-2019), Golf Alltrack (US: 2017-2019), Golf Variant (Europe: 2007-2020), City Jetta (Canada: 2007-2009), Clasico (Mexico: 2011-2015), Bora (Mexico: 2006-2010), Tiguan Allspace (Europe: 2018-2024),<br> Worker, Volksbus (Mexico: 2004-2010) |- |2 |Audi Mexico |[[w:San José Chiapa|San José Chiapa]], [[w:Puebla|Puebla state]] |2016 |Audi Q5/SQ5 2018-, <br> Audi Q5/SQ5 Sportback 2021- |Audi's first plant in North America. The plant is 1.5 miles above sea level and is about 43 miles away from sister brand VW's plant in Puebla city. On September 30, 2016, Audi Mexico began production with the 2nd generation Q5 for the 2018 model year. On February 8, 2020, Audi Mexico began production of the Q5 Sportback. In November 2024, Audi Mexico began production of the 3rd generation 2025 Q5. Audi Mexico has produced over 1 million vehicles. |- |8 |BMW SLP |[[w:San Luis Potosí (city)|San Luis Potosí (city)]], [[w:San Luis Potosí|San Luis Potosí state]] |2019 |BMW 3-series sedan 2019- <br> (330i '19-, 330i xDrive '19-, M340i 2020-, M340i xDrive 2021-, 330e 2021-2024, 330e xDrive 2021-2024),<br> 2-series coupe 2022-, M2 2023- |Began production in April 2019 with the 3-series sedan. In August 2020, added production of the 330e plug-in hybrid for the 2021 model year. Beginning with the 2023 model year, the US market started sourcing all 3-series sedans except for the M3 from Mexico. In September 2021, added production of the 2-series coupe. In December 2022, added production of the M2 coupe, the first BMW M model made in Mexico. The G42 2-series coupe & G87 M2 coupe are made exclusively in Mexico for all markets. |- |} ==Former Mexican production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |G |[[w:Honda de México|Honda de Mexico - El Salto Automobile Plant]] |[[w:El Salto, Jalisco|El Salto, Jalisco]] |1995/2020 (end of Honda automobile production) |Honda Accord 1996-2007,<br> CR-V 2008-2016, HR-V 2017-2020 |Automobile plant was added next to a Honda Motorcycle plant, which began production in March 1988. Automobile production began in November 1995 with the Accord. In fall 2007, production switched to the CR-V. In 2017, CR-V production ended at El Salto and was transferred to Greensburg, IN while El Salto switched to producing the HR-V, supplementing production at the newer Celaya plant. In 2020, HR-V production ended at <br> El Salto and was consolidated at the Celaya plant. This was the end of automobile production at <br> El Salto, which since then has made service parts for older model vehicles as well as motorcycles and water pumps. Power Products production began in December 2015. |- |} {{BookCat}} 5i77ae44ch8vckl6adnahde4mqp916h 4641033 4641032 2026-06-23T21:07:15Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Current US production facilities */ 4641033 wikitext text/x-wiki The term "Transplant Automaker" refers to automakers building vehicles in North America that are not based in North America. They are based in Europe or Asia. This page shows the vehicle assembly plants of Transplant Automakers in North America. ==Current US production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |U |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky]] [TMMK] |[[w:Georgetown, Kentucky|Georgetown, Kentucky]] |1988 |Toyota Camry Hybrid 2007-,<br> RAV4 Hybrid 2020-,<br> Highlander EV 2027-,<br> Subaru Getaway EV 2027- |Toyota's 1st wholly owned assembly plant in the US. Originally established as Toyota Motor Manufacturing USA. In October 1996, plant was renamed Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky.<br> Toyota’s largest vehicle manufacturing plant in the world. Has 3 assembly lines. The 3rd line was originally for the Lexus ES. <br> First Camry was produced on May 26, 1988. Volume production of the Camry began in Georgetown in July 1988. Axle production began in October 1988. Engine production began in November 1989 with a 4-cylinder (2.0L 3S-FE). This was followed subsequently by the 2.2L 5S-FE, 2.4L AZ-series I4, 2.5L AR-series I4, & the 2.5L A25A/2.4L turbo T24A Dynamic Force I4. 4-cylinder engine machining began in July 1991. The wagon and coupe versions of the 3rd gen. US-market Camry were exported to Japan, where they were sold as the Scepter. In August 1994, V6 engine production began (3.0L 1MZ-FE). This was followed by the 3.3L 3MZ-FE, & the 3.5L GR-series V6. In September 1994, Avalon production began. V6 engine machining began in August 1996. In August 1997, Sienna minivan production began. The 2nd gen. Avalon was exported to Japan, where it was sold as the Pronard. In December 2002, Sienna production ended at Georgetown and was moved to Princeton, IN. In July 2003, Solara coupe production began while Solara convertible production followed in February 2004. In October 2006, Camry Hybrid production began, the first Toyota hybrid vehicle produced in the US. In November 2008, production of the Venza crossover began. In October 2015, a new 3rd assembly line began production of the Lexus ES350, the first time a Lexus is produced in the US. Began RAV4 Hybrid production in January 2020. The Hybrid-powered 6th generation RAV4 began production on June 22, 2026. TMMK has produced over 15 million vehicles.<br> Past models: Toyota Camry (gas-only) 1989-2024,<br> Avalon 1995-2022, Avalon Hybrid 2013-2022,<br> Camry Solara 2004-2008, Sienna 1998-2003,<br> Venza 2009-2015 & 2016 in Canada,<br> Scepter wagon (For export: 1993-1996),<br> Scepter coupe (For export: 1994-1996),<br> Pronard (For export: 2000-2004),<br> Lexus ES 2016-2025, ES Hybrid 2019-2025 |- |S |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana]] [TMMI] |[[w:Princeton, Indiana|Princeton, Indiana]] |1999 |Toyota Sienna 2004-,<br> Highlander 2010-,<br> Highlander Hybrid 2014-,<br> Grand Highlander (gas/hybrid) 2024-, <br> Lexus TX (gas/hybrid/PHEV) 2024-,<br> Kluger/Kluger Hybrid (For export: 2014-) |Has 2 assembly lines: the original West plant and <br> the East plant, which was added in 2003. <br> Production began in May 1999 at the original West plant with the Tundra pickup. In September 2000, production began of the Sequoia SUV. In January 2003, production began at the East plant with the Sienna minivan. Initially, 2nd generation Tundra production was split between Princeton, IN and San Antonio, TX. All Regular Cabs were made in San Antonio while Double Cab & CrewMax were made in both plants. In August 2008, Tundra production at the West plant in Princeton ended and was consolidated in San Antonio, TX. On October 8, 2009, Highlander production began at the West plant. The Highlander Hybrid was added in early 2014. All Highlander production for all markets except for China was consolidated in Princeton beginning with the 3rd gen. 2014 model. In Australia and New Zealand, the Highlander is sold as the Kluger. In summer 2016, Highlander production was added to the East plant. On August 2, 2023, Grand Highlander production began at the West plant. On November 9, 2023, Lexus TX production began at the West plant. This is the first Lexus made in Princeton and the first Lexus SUV made in the US. The Lexus TX550h+ is the first plug-in hybrid that Toyota has built in North America. TMMI has produced over 6 million vehicles.<br> Past models: Toyota Tundra 2000-2008,<br> Sequoia 2001-2022 |- |X |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas]] [TMMTX] |[[w:San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] |2006 |Toyota Tundra 2007-,<br> Sequoia 2023- |In November 2006, began production with the Tundra pickup. Initially, Tundra production was split between Princeton, IN and San Antonio, TX. All Regular Cabs were made in San Antonio while Double Cab & CrewMax were made in both plants. In August 2008, Tundra production in Princeton, IN ended and was consolidated in San Antonio, TX. All Tundras have been made in San Antonio ever since. Tacoma pickup production began in July 2010 after the NUMMI plant in California closed in April. In September 2021, Tacoma production in San Antonio ended and was consolidated at Toyota's 2 plants in Mexico. In September 2022, Sequoia production began in San Antonio. In 2026, San Antonio will began making rear axles for Tundras and Sequoias made onsite and for Tacomas made in Mexico at a new 500,000-square-ft. facility at TMMTX. This will replace production at a Hino Motors Manufacturing USA plant in Marion, AR, which is slated to close by the end of 2027. <br> Past models: Toyota Tacoma 2011-2021 |- |P |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi]] [TMMMS] |[[w:Blue Springs, Mississippi|Blue Springs, Mississippi]] |2011 |Toyota Corolla sedan 2011- |Began production on October 10, 2011 with the Corolla sedan. TMMMS has produced over 2 million vehicles. |- |V (Toyota),<br> N (Mazda) |[[w:Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA|Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA]] [MTMUSA] |[[w:Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville, Alabama]] |2021 |Toyota Corolla Cross 2022-,<br> Corolla Cross Hybrid 2023-,<br> Mazda CX-50 2023-, CX-50 Hybrid 2025- |50/50 joint venture between Toyota and Mazda.<br> Has 2 assembly lines - 1 for Toyota and 1 for Mazda. Toyota production began on September 30, 2021 while Mazda production began on January 26, 2022. This plant marked a return to US vehicle production for Mazda, which had not built any vehicles in the US since 2012, when the Mazda 6 ended production in Flat Rock, MI. |- |A |[[w:Marysville Auto Plant|Honda Marysville Auto Plant]] |[[w:Marysville, Ohio|Marysville, Ohio]] |1982 |Honda Accord sedan 1983-,<br> Accord Hybrid 2014-2015, 2018-,<br> Acura Integra 2023- |Honda's 1st automotive assembly plant in the US. The first Japanese automotive assembly plant in the US. Has 2 assembly lines. Line 1 began production on November 1, 1982 with the 1983 Accord sedan. Production of the Accord 3-d hatchback was added for 1984. Line 2 began production on December 13, 1985, also with the Accord (first model built was a 1986 Accord 3-d hatchback). On July 24, 1986, production of the Civic sedan began at Marysville. Accord 3-d hatchback production was moved to Japan for 1988 to make room for the new 2-d coupe version. On December 22, 1987, production of the 1988 Accord 2-d coupe began. In January 1988, production began of the Accord 2-d coupe for export to Japan. The 2-d coupe version of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th gen. Accord was exported to Japan. The 3rd gen. was left-hand drive only. Right-hand drive models began to be produced in the 4th gen. in January 1990. The Accord coupe was also exported to Europe in the 4th, 5th, and 6th generations. On November 20, 1990, production began of the 1991 Accord wagon. The wagon version of the 4th and 5th gen. Accord was exported to Japan and Europe (in Europe, it was called Accord Aerodeck). During 1990, Civic production was transferred to East Liberty. On August 3, 1998, Marysville began producing the Acura TL, the first Acura produced in Marysville. The 2nd gen. Acura TL was exported to Japan, where it was sold as the 3rd gen. Honda Inspire and the 2nd gen. Honda Saber. On January 31, 2000, Marysville began production of the 2nd gen. 2001 Acura CL, replacing East Liberty, which produced the 1st gen. Acura CL. On July 17, 2006, production of the Acura RDX began, the first SUV built in Marysville. On September 10, 2013, the Marysville plant built its first Accord Hybrid, a 2014 model. On July 14, 2014, production began on the Acura TLX, the successor to the TL. On January 27, 2015, Marysville began production of the updated 2016 model year Acura ILX, taking over production from Greensburg. In 2015, Accord Hybrid production in Marysville ended. Production was moved to Japan, where the 2017 model was built (there was no '16 Accord Hybrid). Accord Hybrid production returned to Marysville in 2018. In September 2018, Marysville began production of the CR-V. On May 5, 2022, production began of the ILX's replacement, the revived Acura Integra. Marysville Auto Plant has produced over 15 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Accord 3-d hatchback 1984-1987, Accord 2-d coupe 1988-2017, Accord wagon 1991-1997,<br> Civic 4-d sedan 1987-1990, CR-V 2018-2022,<br> Acura TL 1999-2014, TLX 2015-2025, CL 2001-2003, RDX 2007-2012, ILX 2016-2022,<br> Honda Inspire/Saber (For export: 1999-2003) |- |L |[[w:East Liberty Auto Plant|Honda East Liberty Auto Plant]] |[[w:East Liberty, Ohio|East Liberty, Ohio]] |1989 |Honda CR-V 2007-, CR-V Hybrid 2022-, Acura RDX 2013-, MDX 2017- |Began production on December 18, 1989 with the Civic 4-d. Took over all production of the Civic sedan from Marysville during 1990. In June 1991, East Liberty added production of the Accord sedan. Production of the Accord at East Liberty ended in 1992 to make room for the 1993 Civic coupe. On February 19, 1996, East Liberty began production of the Acura CL coupe, the first Acura made in the US. On April 8, 1998, began production of the natural gas-powered Civic GX sedan. In 1999, Acura CL production ended and CL production was transferred to Marysville for the 2nd gen. model. On November 26, 2002, production begins on the Element, the first SUV built in East Liberty. In January 2005, East Liberty again adds Accord sedan production. Accord production at East Liberty ends March 31, 2005. On September 25, 2006, CR-V production began at East Liberty. During 2009, Civic production was transferred to Greensburg, IN. On November 3, 2009, East Liberty began production of the Accord Crosstour. In 2012, East Liberty began production of the Acura RDX, taking over production from Marysille. On May 31, 2017, East Liberty began production of the Acura MDX. In October 2017, all MDX production is consolidated at East Liberty. East Liberty has produced over 7 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Civic 4-d sedan 1990-2009,<br> Civic 2-d coupe 1993-2005, Civic Si 2-d coupe '99-'00,<br> Accord LX sedan w/auto. trans. 1991-1992, 2005, Element 2003-2011, Accord Crosstour 2010-2011, Crosstour 2012-2015, Acura CL 1997-1999 |- |B |[[w:Honda Manufacturing of Alabama|Honda Manufacturing of Alabama]] |[[w:Lincoln, Alabama|Lincoln, Alabama]] |2001 |Honda Odyssey 2002-, Pilot 2004-, Ridgeline 2009-2014, 2017-,<br> Passport 2019- |Has 2 assembly lines. Line 1 began production on November 14, 2001 with the Odyssey. Line 2 began production on April 27, 2004 with the Pilot. An onsite engine plant began production in November 2001 making Honda J-series V6 engines for the vehicles built in Lincoln, AL. The 1st gen. Honda Pilot was also exported to the Middle East as the Honda MR-V. On April 15, 2008, the 2nd gen. Pilot began production in Lincoln, AL, which was now the only plant making the Pilot SUV. On February 16, 2009, Line 1 began production of the Ridgeline pickup, which was transferred from Alliston, ON. On July 17, 2009, Line 2 began production of the Accord V6 sedan, the first passenger car built in Lincoln, AL. In December 2010, Lincoln, AL stopped Accord production. Around this time, Ridgeline production shifted from Line 1 to Line 2. On May 2, 2013, the 2014 model year Acura MDX begins production, having been transferred from Alliston, ON <br> for 2014. In July 2014, the 1st gen. Ridgeline ended production. On May 5, 2016, the Ridgeline resumed production after a nearly 2 year hiatus with a new <br> 2nd gen. version. From October 2017, Acura MDX production was consolidated in East Liberty for the <br> 2018 model year. On December 6, 2018, production began of the all new Passport. Lincoln, AL has produced over 5 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Accord V6 sedan 2009-2011,<br> Acura MDX 2014-2017,<br> Honda MR-V (For export: 2006-2008) |- |E |[[w:Honda Manufacturing of Indiana|Honda Manufacturing of Indiana]] |[[w:Greensburg, Indiana|Greensburg, Indiana]] |2008 |Honda Civic 5-d hatchback 2022-,<br> Civic Hybrid 5-d hatchback 2025-,<br> CR-V 2017-,<br> CR-V Hybrid 2020-2021, 2023- |Began production in October 2008 with the 2009 model year Civic sedan. In 2009, began production of the natural gas-powered Civic GX sedan. Took over all production of the Civic sedan from East Liberty during 2009. In April 2012, Greensburg began production of the 9th generation Civic-based Acura ILX, building an Acura model for the first time. Greensburg also produced the ILX Hybrid, the first US-built hybrid from American Honda. In early 2013, Greensburg began production of the Civic Hybrid. The ILX Hybrid was discontinued after 2014. In November 2014, 2015 model year ILX production ended and the ILX moved to Marysville for the 2016 model year. In 2015, Civic Hybrid sedan production ended. On February 15, 2017, Greensburg began production of the 2017 model year CR-V, building an SUV for the first time. CR-V production was transferred to Greensburg from El Salto, Mexico. On May 14, 2018, production began of the Insight hybrid sedan. In January 2020, CR-V Hybrid production began. Greensburg did not produce the CR-V Hybrid for 2022 but resumed CR-V Hybrid production in fall 2022 for 2023. In September 2021, production began of the Civic 5-d hatchback instead of the Civic 4-d sedan, which was consolidated in Alliston, ON. This is the first time that the Civic 5-d is produced in North America. <br> Past models: Honda Civic 4-d sedan 2009-2021,<br> Civic Hybrid 4-d sedan 2013-2015,<br> Insight Hybrid 2019-2022,<br> Acura ILX 2013-2015, ILX Hybrid 2013-2014 |- |Y |Honda Performance Manufacturing Center (PMC) |[[w:Marysville, Ohio|Marysville, Ohio]] |2016 |Honda CR-V e:FCEV 2025- |Specializes in low volume production. Building is Honda's former North American Logistics facility, converted into a low-volume vehicle assembly plant.<br> Began production in April 2016 with the Acura NSX. The 2nd gen. Acura NSX was also exported to Europe, Japan, and Australia as the Honda NSX. In 2019, started making special limited-production PMC Editions of select Acura models. In November 2022, NSX production ended. The last Acura PMC Editions were made in 2023. On June 5, 2024, began production of the hydrogen fuel cell-powered CR-V e:FCEV, the first production hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicle to be made in the US. <br> Past models: Acura NSX 2017-2022,<br> Honda NSX (For export: 2017-2022),<br> TLX PMC Edition 2020 & 2023, MDX PMC Edition 2020, RDX PMC Edition 2021-2022 |- |C |[[w:Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Nissan Smyrna Vehicle Assembly Plant]] |[[w:Smyrna, Tennessee|Smyrna, Tennessee]] |1983 |Nissan Pathfinder 2005-2020, 2022-, Infiniti QX60 2014-2020, 2022-,<br> Nissan Rogue 2014-, Murano 2021-, Infiniti QX65 2027- |Nissan's 1st automotive assembly plant in the US. The second Japanese automotive assembly plant in the US. Originally, Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA. In April 2000, became part of Nissan North America. Began production on June 16, 1983 with the 720 pickup. Began production of the Sentra on <br> March 25, 1985. On June 11, 1992, Altima sedan production began. In November 1994, 200SX production began, based on the 4th generation Sentra. On September 10, 1997, production of the Frontier pickup began. 200SX production ended in June 1998. Sentra production in Smyrna ended on March 19, 1999 and was moved to Aguascalientes, Mexico. Xterra production began on April 19, 1999. Maxima production began in January 2003. Pathfinder production began on Aug. 30, 2004. In April 2007, Altima coupe production began. In 2008, Smyrna began production of the Suzuki Equator pickup, a rebadged Nissan Frontier. In February 2012, Smyrna began production of the Infiniti JX35, the first Infiniti built at the TN plant. The JX35 was renamed QX60 for 2014. In August 2012, Frontier and Xterra production ended at Smyrna and were moved to Canton, MS. Suzuki Equator production also ended in August 2012 and it was discontinued. In January 2013, Smyrna began production of the Leaf, the first electric Nissan made in the US. Altima coupe production ended in June 2013. Rogue production began on October 15, 2013. The first Rogue built at Smyrna was also the 10 millionth vehicle produced at the Smyrna plant. In 2020, Smyrna took over production of the Murano from Canton and ended production of the Altima, which was consolidated in Canton, MS. In late summer 2023, Maxima production ended. In November 2024, Leaf production in Smyrna ended. Smyrna has the largest production capacity of any single vehicle assembly plant in the US at 640,000 units per year. Smyrna has produced over 15 million vehicles. <br> Past models:<br> Nissan Pickup (720/Hardbody [D21]) 1983-1997, Frontier [D22/D40] 1998-2012, Sentra 1985-1999, 200SX [B14] 1995-1998, Altima 1993-2020,<br> Xterra 2000-2012, Maxima 2004-2014, 2016-2023,<br> Leaf EV 2013-2025, Infiniti JX35 2013,<br> Suzuki Equator 2009-2012 |- |N |Nissan Canton Vehicle Assembly Plant |[[w:Canton, Mississippi|Canton, Mississippi]] |2003 |Nissan Altima 2005-,<br> Frontier [D40/D41] 2012- |This was the first automotive assembly plant in MS. Began production on May 27, 2003 with the Quest minivan. Armada production began on August 14, 2003 followed by Titan production on September 21, 2003. On January 20, 2004, production began on the Infiniti QX56, the first Infiniti built outside Japan. Altima production began in Canton on June 2004, supplementing production at Smyrna. On January 19, 2011, Canton began production of the Nissan NV full-size van. In November 2012, Canton took over production of the Frontier and Xterra from Smyrna, TN. In July 2013, Sentra production was added, supplementing production at Aguascalientes, Mexico. Sentra production at Canton ended in 2014. On November 5, 2014, Canton began production of the Murano. Canton has produced over 5 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Nissan Quest 2004-2009,<br> Titan 2004-2024, Armada 2004-2015, Xterra 2012-2015, NV 1500/2500/3500 2012-2021, Sentra 2013-2014, Murano 2015-2020, Infiniti QX56 2004-2010 |- |1-9 (Subaru)<br><br>4 (Isuzu,<br>Honda,<br>Holden),<br><br> R (Toyota) |[[w:Subaru of Indiana Automotive|Subaru of Indiana Automotive]] (Formerly Subaru-Isuzu Automotive) <br> [SIA] |[[w:Lafayette, Indiana|Lafayette, Indiana]] |1989 |Subaru Ascent 2019-,<br> Crosstrek 2.5-liter 2024-, <br> Forester 2026-, Forester Hybrid 2026-, <br> Evoltis (For export: 2021-) |Originally, a 51/49 joint venture between Subaru and Isuzu. Production began on September 11, 1989 for both Subaru (Legacy) and Isuzu (Pickup). The plant was set up with 2 assembly lines - 1 for Subaru & 1 for Isuzu. In October 1990, production of the Isuzu Rodeo SUV began. The Isuzu line also built the Honda Passport, a rebadged Isuzu Rodeo, beginning November 16, 1993. Isuzu also built the Holden Frontera, a rhd rebadge of the 2nd gen. Isuzu Rodeo for export to GM Holden in Australia and New Zealand. In 1994, Isuzu ended pickup production at SIA to make more room for production of Rodeo and Passport SUVs. On January 8, 1998, production of the Isuzu Amigo began. The Amigo was renamed Rodeo Sport for 2001 and discontinued after 2003. On January 15, 2001, production of the Isuzu Axiom began. In January 2002, Honda Passport production ended at SIA and Honda replaced the Passport with the Honda developed and built Pilot. As of January 2003, Subaru bought Isuzu's share of the plant and it became 100% owned by Subaru. Plant was renamed Subaru of Indiana Automotive. Isuzu production continued until July 23, 2004 under a contract manufacturing deal. Subaru then made an alliance with Toyota and built the Camry under contract for Toyota from February 28, 2007 through May 27, 2016. The Camry was built on what had been the Isuzu line. After Camry production ended, Subaru began to use both lines to produce Subaru models. In March 1994, SIA began production of the 2nd gen. Legacy as a 1995 model. For the first time, all Legacy models sold in North America were now built in the U.S. On August 29, 1994, SIA began production of the first Legacy Outback. In July 1995, Subaru opened an engine plant at the SIA complex, assembling Subaru flat-4 engines for Subaru models built at the SIA plant. For 2000, the Subaru Outback became a separate model line. The Subaru Baja began production at SIA on July 18, 2002. Baja production ended in April 2006. The Subaru B9 Tribeca began production at SIA on April 4, 2005. The B9 Tribeca was updated and renamed Tribeca for 2008. Tribeca production ended in January 2014. The Subaru Impreza began production at SIA on November 1, 2016. The Subaru Ascent began production on May 7, 2018. The Subaru Ascent is exported to the Philippines and some Latin American countries as the Evoltis. Impreza production at SIA ended in May 2023 and was replaced by the Crosstrek. The Subaru Crosstrek (only models with 2.5-liter engine) began production at SIA on May 9, 2023. Legacy production ended on September 12, 2025. Outback production ended on October 3, 2025. SIA has produced 3,414,002 Outback vehicles. SIA began production of the Forester on October 7, 2025. SIA began production of the Forester Hybrid on February 3, 2026. This is the first time SIA is building a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). The first hybrid produced was a 2026 Forester Hybrid Premium. All US-market Foresters are now made in the US. SIA has produced over 8 million vehicles in total and over 6 million Subaru-brand vehicles. The 8 millionth was a 2026 Subaru Forester Wilderness produced on November 21, 2025. <br> Past models: Subaru Legacy 1990-2025,<br> Legacy Outback 1995-1999, Outback 2000-2025,<br> Baja 2003-2006, B9 Tribeca 2006-2007,<br> Tribeca 2008-2014, Impreza 2017-2023,<br> Isuzu Pickup (TF-series) 1990-1994, Rodeo 1991-2004, Amigo 1998-2000, Rodeo Sport 2001-2003,<br> Axiom 2002-2004, Honda Passport 1994-2002,<br> Holden Frontera (UE/MX) (1999-2003) [For export],<br> Toyota Camry (gas-only) 2007-2016 |- |H |[[w:Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama|Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama]] [HMMA] |[[w:Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery, Alabama]] |2005 |Hyundai Santa Fe 2007-2010,<br> Santa Fe Sport 2017-2018,<br> Santa Fe (gas-only) 2019-,<br> Santa Fe Hybrid 2023-,<br> Tucson (gas-only) 2022-,<br> Santa Cruz 2022-,<br> Genesis Electrified GV70 [EV] 2023-2026,<br> Genesis GV70 (gas-only) 2024- |The first Korean automotive assembly plant in the US. Began production in May 2005 with the Sonata. There is also an onsite engine plant, which also opened in May 2005. The engine plant first built Hyundai's Lambda <br> 3.3L V6. In September 2008, HMMA began production of 4-cylinder engines with the 2.4L Theta II engine on a 2nd engine production line. HMMA later added the 2.0L Turbo version of the Theta II 4-cylinder. The 1st engine line ended Lambda V6 production in 2011 and switched to producing 1.8L Nu 4-cylinder engines. Later, the 2.0L version of the Nu 4-cylinder was also made by HMMA. In May 2019, HMMA opened a new building to make cylinder heads for the engines that it builds. In 2019-2020, both engine lines switched to Hyundai's newer Smartstream engines (1.6L T-GDI, 2.0L Atkinson, 2.5L GDI, & 2.5L T-GDI). HMMA also supplies engines to Kia's plants in West Point, GA and Pesqueria, Mexico. Santa Fe production originally began on April 18, 2006. In August 2010, Santa Fe production ended at the Hyundai plant in AL and was moved to the Kia plant in GA. Elantra production began in November 2010. On June 22, 2016, Santa Fe production restarted at the Hyundai plant in AL with the Santa Fe Sport. The Santa Fe Sport was renamed Santa Fe for 2019. In February 2021, Tucson production began. In June 2021, Santa Cruz production began. In February 2022, Sonata production in Montgomery ended. In October 2022, production of the Santa Fe Hybrid began. In February 2023, production of the battery electric-powered Genesis Electrified GV70 began. The Electrified GV70 was Hyundai Motor Group's first US-built electric vehicle and the first US-built Genesis model. In May 2023, production of the gas-powered Genesis GV70 began. In May 2023, Elantra production in Montgomery ended. In May 2025, Electrified GV70 production ended. HMMA has produced over 6 million vehicles.<br> Past models:<br> Hyundai Sonata 2006-2022,<br> Elantra sedan 2011-2023 |- |G |[[w:List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities#Georgia Plant (KMMG)|Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia]] [KMMG] |[[w:West Point, Georgia|West Point, Georgia]] |2009 |Kia Sorento (gas-only) 2011-,<br> Telluride (gas-only) 2020-2025, 2027-, Telluride Hybrid 2027-,<br> Sportage (gas-only) 2023-,<br> EV6 (not GT model) 2025-, EV9 2025- |Production began on Nov. 16, 2009 with the 2011 Sorento, which went on sale in January 2010. On September 28, 2010, KMMG began production of the Hyundai Santa Fe. On Sept. 2, 2011, KMMG began production of the Kia Optima. The Optima was replaced by the K5 for 2021. In 2018, Kia ended production of the Hyundai Santa Fe, which was consolidated in Hyundai's plant in AL. In January 2019, Telluride production began. On February 1, 2022, KMMG began production of the Sportage. In 2024, K5 production at KMMG ended. On May 30, 2024, KMMG began EV production with the EV9. In early 2025, KMMG began production of the EV6. KMMG has produced over 4.6 million vehicles. <br> Past models: <br> Kia Optima 2012-2020, K5 2021-2024,<br> Hyundai Santa Fe 2011-2012,<br> Santa Fe Sport 2013-2018 |- |Y |[[w:Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America|Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America]] |[[w:Ellabell, Georgia|Ellabell, Georgia]] |2024 |Hyundai Ioniq 5 2025-, Ioniq 9 2026-,<br> Kia Sportage Hybrid 2026- |Began production on October 3, 2024 with the Ioniq 5 EV. Production of the Ioniq 9 EV began in March 2025. Kia Sportage Hybrid production began on June 2, 2026, marking the first time that a Kia is built at the Ellabell plant. This is also the first hybrid and the first vehicle that is not fully electric to be built at the Ellabell plant or Metaplant. |- |C |[[w:Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant|Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant]] |[[w:Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga, Tennessee]] |2011 |VW Atlas 2018-,<br> Atlas Cross Sport 2020-,<br> ID.4 [EV] 2023-2026,<br> Teramont (For export: 2019-),<br> Teramont Cross Sport (For export: 2021-) |This plant marked a return to US vehicle production for VW. VW's last US assembly plant, Westmoreland Assembly in New Stanton, PA, had closed in July 1988. Production began in Chattanooga on April 18, 2011 with the 2012 Passat. On December 14, 2016, the Atlas began production. The Atlas is also exported to Mexico, Colombia, the Middle East, and other markets, where it is sold as the Teramont. In October 2019, the Atlas Cross Sport began production. The Atlas Cross Sport is also exported to Mexico, where it is sold as the Teramont Cross Sport. In December 2021, the Passat ended production in Chattanooga. The last Passat to come off the line was a 2022 Passat Limited Edition in Platinum Grey. On July 26, 2022, the ID.4 began production in Chattanooga. This is the first electric VW to be made in the US. <br> Past models: VW Passat 2012-2022 |- |L, 0, 9 |[[w:BMW in the United States|BMW Manufacturing Corp. Plant Spartanburg]] |[[w:Greer, South Carolina|Greer, South Carolina]] |1994 |BMW X5 2000-, X6 2008-,<br> X3 2011-,<br> X7 2019-, Alpina XB7 2021-2026,<br> XM 2023- |This was BMW’s first full assembly plant (not assembling from knock-down kits) outside of Germany. Production began on September 8, 1994 with the 318i sedan.<br> Z3 roadster production began on September 20, 1995. BMW ended 3-series sedan production at Spartanburg in 1996 to focus on production of the Z3, which was not made anywhere else in the world. In January 1997, the first US-built BMW M model was built with the Z3-based M Roadster. In January 1998, the Z3 coupe began production along with its M version, the M Coupe.<br> On September 1, 1999, SUV production began at Spartanburg with the X5, BMW's first SUV. The last Z3, a roadster, was built on June 28, 2002. On October 22, 2002, the Z4 roadster began production. On January 8, 2006, the Z4 M Roadster began production. On April 4, 2006, the Z4 coupe began production along with its <br> M version, the Z4 M Coupe. On September 22, 2006, the final 1st gen. X5 was built. On September 28, 2006, the 2nd gen. X5 began production. On December 3, 2007, the X6 began production. On August 28, 2008, the final 1st gen. Z4, a roadster, was built at Spartanburg. The 2nd gen. Z4 was built in Regensburg, Germany. On September 1, 2010, the X3 began production at Spartanburg with the 2nd gen. (the 1st gen. was imported from Austria). On August 1, 2013, the 3rd gen. X5 began production. On April 1, 2014, X4 production began. On August 1, 2014, the 2nd gen. X6 began production. On December 1, 2014, the first X5 M and <br> X6 M began production, the first M SUVs. In December 2018, the X7 began production. In April 2019, the first <br> X3 M and X4 M began production. On December 1, 2022, production of the XM began. A stamping plant was added in 2024. BMW has expanded the plant 7 times and Spartanburg is now BMW's largest plant in the world. BMW has produced over 7 million vehicles at Spartanburg.<br> Past models:<br> BMW 3-Series sedan 1995-1996 (318i '95-'96, 328i '96),<br> Z3 1996-2002, Z4 2003-2008, X4 2015-2025 |- |A, B, U (when VIN begins with 4JG or 55S) |[[w:Mercedes-Benz U.S. International|Mercedes-Benz U.S. International]] [MBUSI] |[[w:Vance, Alabama|Vance, Alabama]] |1997 |Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class wagon 2016-, GLE-Class Coupe 2016-2019, 2021-,<br> GLS-Class 2017-, EQE-Class SUV 2023-,<br> EQS-Class SUV 2023- |In February 1997, production began with the M-Class ML320. In 2005, production of the R-Class began. In 2006, production of the GL-Class began. The R-Class was discontinued in North America after 2012 and in Europe and most other markets after 2013 but it was still sold in China. In June 2014, passenger car production began at Vance for the first time with the C-Class sedan. In late July 2015, the R-Class ended production in AL and was moved to AM General's Commercial plant in Mishawaka, IN for export to China. R-Class production began at the AM General plant on August 11, 2015.<br> R-Class production ended at the AM General plant in September 2017. In April 2015, production began of the GLE-Class Coupe. For 2016, the M-Class was renamed GLE-Class. For 2017, the GL-Class was renamed GLS-Class. In 2020, Vance ended production of the C-Class sedan. In September 2020, Vance began production of the Mercedes-Maybach GLS 600, the first time an ultra-luxury Maybach model was made in the US. In August 2022, EV production began with the EQS-Class SUV. In December 2022, production of the EQE-Class SUV began. In 2023, production of the first electric Maybach began with the Mercedes-Maybach EQS680 SUV. Mercedes has produced over 5 million vehicles at Vance. <br> Past models: Mercedes-Benz M-Class 1998-2015,<br> R-Class 2006-2015, GL-Class 2007-2016,<br> C-Class sedan 2015-2020 |- |T |Mercedes-Benz Vans Charleston |[[w:Ladson, South Carolina|Ladson, South Carolina]] |2018 (start of CKD assembly) |Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2019-,<br> eSprinter 2024- |This plant was originally opened by Western Star to build heavy trucks in 1999, which is before Western Star was taken over by Daimler. After the Daimler takeover in 2000, Daimler/Freightliner transferred the plant to their fire truck brand American LaFrance. When American LaFrance was sold off in 2005, Daimler/Freightliner kept the Ladson plant. However, American LaFrance was allowed to continue to use the plant until early 2007. The Ladson plant was then converted to assemble Sprinter vans, which were moved to Ladson from the Freightliner Custom Chassis plant in Gaffney, SC that had been assembling Sprinter vans from 2001-2006. The 2007-2018 Freightliner Sprinter, 2007-2009 Dodge Sprinter, 2010-2018 Mercedes Sprinter, and the 2016-2023 Mercedes Metris were assembled at this plant from imported SKD kits but their VINs did not reflect that. As such, their plant codes referred to plants in other countries where the knock-down kits came from such as Germany (Sprinter) or Spain (Metris). For the '19 Sprinter, the plant was upgraded and enlarged to do more of the assembly work than before (CKD instead of only SKD). A body shop and a paint shop were added and the final assembly area was expanded. <br> Past models: Freightliner Sprinter 2019-2021 |- |G |[[w:List of Volvo Car production plants|Volvo Car US Operations ]](VCCH=Volvo Car Charleston Plant) |[[w:Ridgeville, South Carolina|Ridgeville, South Carolina]] |2018 |Volvo EX90 2025-, Polestar 3 2025-, Volvo XC60 2027- |Began production in August 2018 with the S60 sedan. On June 5, 2024, EX90 production began. S60 production ended in late June 2024. On August 14, 2024, Volvo's US plant began producing the Polestar 3.<br> Past models: Volvo S60 2019-2025 |} Note: PHEV=Plug-in hybrid, rhd=right-hand drive, CKD=complete knock-down kit, SKD=semi knock-down kit ==Former US production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |Z |[[w:NUMMI|NUMMI]] |[[w:Fremont, California|Fremont, California]] |1984/2010 |Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d (1987-1988) (E80), <br> Toyota Corolla sedan (1989-2010) (E90/E100/E110/E130/E140),<br> Toyota Pickup (1992-1995),<br> Toyota Tacoma (1995-2010),<br> Toyota Voltz (For export: '02-'04),<br> Chevrolet Nova (1985-1988),<br> Geo Prizm (1989-1997),<br> Chevrolet Prizm (1998-2002),<br> Pontiac Vibe (2003-2010) |Operated from 1963-1982 as a GM factory. From 1984-2010, operated as New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), which was a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Toyota and assembled both GM and Toyota vehicles. First vehicle produced was a yellow Chevrolet Nova in December 1984. First Toyota produced was a Corolla FX16 3-d hatchback in September 1986. This was followed by the Corolla FX 3-d hatchback in February 1987. Nova and Corolla FX production ended in September 1988. That same month, NUMMI began producing the Toyota Corolla 4-door sedan. Geo Prizm production began in November 1988. In August 1991, Toyota pickup production began with the Regular Cab 4x2. The 4x4 followed in February 1992 ant the Xtracab followed in March 1993. Tacoma pickup production began in January 1995, replacing the previous unnamed Toyota pickup model. Prizm production ended in December 2001. In January 2002, Pontiac Vibe production began. In June 2002, production began of the Toyota Voltz, a rhd version of the Pontiac Vibe built for export to Japan. In February 2004, Toyota Voltz production ended. In September 2004, the 2nd generation Tacoma pickup began production. Pontiac Vibe production ended on August 17, 2009, ending GM production at Fremont. Tacoma pickup production ended March 26, 2010. The last vehicle built at NUMMI, a red Corolla sedan, was built April 1, 2010. NUMMI produced 7.74 million vehicles (just under 5.7 million Toyota brand vehicles and a little more than 2.04 million GM brand vehicles). The plant was sold to Tesla in May 2010. Tesla only bought 210 of the total 370 acres owned by NUMMI. Tesla also bought $15 million worth of equipment and parts from the former NUMMI plant. Tesla took possession of the plant in October 2010. Tesla began production at Fremont in June 2012 with the Model S. |- |5 |[[w:Flat Rock Assembly Plant|Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA/AutoAlliance International]] |[[w:Flat Rock, Michigan|Flat Rock, Michigan]] |1987/2012 (Year of Mazda withdrawal from plant and end of Mazda production) |Mazda MX-6 (1988-1997),<br> 626 (1990-2002), Mazda 6 (2003-2013), Ford Probe (1989-1997),<br> Mercury Cougar (1999-2002),<br> Ford Cougar (For export: 1999-2002),<br> Ford Mustang (Gen 5) (2005-2014) |Built at the site of the closed Ford Michigan Casting Center (1972-1981), which cast various parts for Ford including V8 engine blocks and heads for Ford 335, 385, & FE/FT series engines as well as transmission, axle, & steering gear housings and gear cases. Mazda bought the closed plant from Ford and converted it into a vehicle assembly plant. Reopened in 1987 as Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA, a Mazda subsidiary. First vehicle produced was an MX-6 on September 1, 1987. Ford Probe production began in 1988. Mazda 626 production began in 1989. On April 15, 1992, Ford bought 50% of the plant from Mazda, turning the plant into a 50/50 joint venture. Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA was then renamed AutoAlliance International on July 1, 1992. Mercury Cougar production began in 1998. The Mercury Cougar was also built for export markets such as Europe and Australia as the Ford Cougar. In 2002, production of the Mazda 6 began in order to replace the previous 626 while Mercury Cougar production ended on August 9. In September 2004, the Ford Mustang began production at the Flat Rock plant. On August 24, 2012, the last Mazda 6 was built in Flat Rock, thus ending Mazda production at the Flat Rock plant. On September 10, 2012, Ford renamed the plant Flat Rock Assembly Plant and Ford took full management control of the plant.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121112164832/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=37067] Ford continues to operate the Flat Rock Assembly Plant and continues to build the Mustang there. Since Mazda ended production in Flat Rock, Ford also produced the 2014-2016 Ford Fusion and the 2017-2020 Lincoln Continental at the Flat Rock plant. |- |E |[[w:Diamond-Star Motors|Diamond-Star Motors/Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America/Mitsubishi Motors North America Manufacturing Division]] |[[w:Normal, Illinois|Normal, Illinois]] |1988/2015 (end of Mitsubishi production) |Mitsubishi Eclipse (1990-2012),<br> Mirage sedan (1991-1992),<br> Galant (1994-2012),<br> Endeavor (2004-2011),<br> Outlander Sport/RVR (2013-2015),<br> Plymouth Laser (1990-1994),<br> Eagle Talon (1990-1998),<br> Eagle Summit sedan (1991-1992), Chrysler Sebring Coupe (1995-2005), Dodge Avenger (1995-2000),<br> Dodge Stratus Coupe (2001-2005) |Originally established as Diamond-Star Motors, a 50/50 joint venture between Chrysler and Mitsubishi which assembled both Chrysler and Mitsubishi vehicles. Production began in September 1988. In October 1991, Chrysler sold its 50% stake in the plant to Mitsubishi but production for Chrysler continued under contract. On May 24, 1993, production of the Galant began at the Diamond-Star plant. In July 1995, the plant was renamed Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America. In January 2002, the plant was renamed Mitsubishi Motors North America Manufacturing Division. In January 2003, production of the Mitsubishi Endeavor began, the first SUV built at the Mitsubishi plant. In February 2005, production of vehicles for Chrysler ended. All further production was only of Mitsubishi-branded vehicles. In mid-2012, the plant began producing the Mitsubishi Outlander Sport. The Outlander Sport is sold as the RVR in Canada. On November 30, 2015, vehicle production ended. The Mitsubishi plant produced 3,283,549 vehicles. The plant continued to produce replacement parts until May 2016, when the plant closed completely. In June 2016, the plant was sold to liquidation firm Maynards Industries. In January 2017, EV startup Rivian Automotive bought the former Mitsubishi plant. Rivian began production at the Normal, IL plant in September 2021 with the R1T electric pickup. |- |V (1981-1989) |[[w:Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly|Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly]] |[[w:East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]] |1978/1988 |VW Rabbit 1979-1984,<br> Rabbit GTI 1983-1984,<br> Rabbit Pickup 1980-1983,<br> Golf/GTI 1985-1989, Jetta 1987-1988 |First foreign-brand auto assembly plant in the US since before WWII. In 1968, Chrysler had announced construction of a new plant near New Stanton, PA. In 1969, Chrysler halted construction. Volkswagen bought the unfinished New Stanton plant from Chrysler in October 1976 and renamed it Westmoreland Assembly, after the county in which it was located. The plant was an empty shell so VW had to finish its construction. In April 1978, production of the gas-powered VW Rabbit hatchback began. The first car built was a white Rabbit 3-d hatchback. Diesel-powered models were added to the PA production line for 1980 as was the Rabbit Pickup in October 1979. For 1981, Canada began sourcing the Rabbit from the Westmoreland plant. Production of the Rabbit GTI was added in fall 1982 for the 1983 model year. Rabbit Pickup production ended in 1983. Rabbit production ended on June 15, 1984 and was replaced by the 2nd generation Golf, which began production on August 23, 1984. The 1 millionth vehicle was produced on November 14, 1985. Jetta production began on October 6, 1986. On September 21, 1987, Westmoreland began making its own Jetta bodyshells instead of sourcing them from Puebla, Mexico. In November 1987, VW announced plans to close the plant. On March 30, 1988, Jetta production ended. The last Jetta was a red 4-d sedan. VW production at Westmoreland ended on July 14, 1988. The last car built was a white 1989 Golf 3-d hatchback. A total of 1,197,411 vehicles were built. In 1994, its VIN ID code (plant code) was reassigned to the Palmela, Portugal plant. The Westmoreland production line and tooling were crated and shipped to FAW-VW in Changchun, China. The 2nd gen. Jetta started production in China in 1991 using production equipment and tooling from Westmoreland. From 1991 to 2012, over 3 million 2nd gen. Jettas were produced in China. Sony took over the Westmoreland plant in 1990 to manufacture televisions and picture tubes for TVs. Sony ended manufacturing at the plant in 2009 although repair and logistics operations continued through March 2010. Aquion Energy occupied the site from 2014-2017, making sodium-ion batteries. The property is now the RIDC (Regional Industrial Development Corp.) Westmoreland Innovation Center, a multi-use development occupied by multiple tenants including Siemens, Westmoreland County Community College’s Advanced Technology Center, Intervala, DNP IMS America, City Brewery, and Cenveo. PennSTART, a closed loop, state-of-the-art test track and research facility for emerging transportation technologies, autonomous technology companies, and traffic incident management training is also using part of the site. |} Note: rhd=right-hand drive ==Current Canadian production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/province !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |C |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada - Cambridge]] |[[w:Cambridge, Ontario|Cambridge, Ontario]] |1988 |Lexus RX 2004-, RX Hybrid 2015-,<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2026-,<br> Lexus NX (gas/hybrid) 2022- |Toyota's 1st assembly plant in Canada.<br> Has 2 assembly lines: the original South plant and <br> the North plant, which was added in 1997.<br> The South plant began production on November 30, 1988 with the Corolla sedan. Engine production at Cambridge began on October 2, 1995 with 1.6L (4A-FE) & 1.8L (7A-FE) 4-cylinder engines for the Corolla. On August 5, 1997, production begins at the North plant with the Corolla sedan, which moved over from the South plant. On June 29, 1998, the South plant begins production of the Camry Solara coupe. On February 21, 2000, the South plant begins production of the Camry Solara convertible. On January 3, 2002, the North plant begins production of the Matrix. On December 20, 2002, the South plant ends production of the Camry Solara, which is transferred to Georgetown, KY for its 2nd generation 2004 model. On September 26, 2003, the Lexus RX begins production at the South plant with the RX330. This makes Cambridge the first plant outside Japan to build a Lexus model. In December 2007, engine production at Cambridge ended and was moved to Buffalo, WV. On March 26, 2014, the South plant begins production of the Lexus RX Hybrid with the RX450h. On March 30, 2022, the North plant began production of the Lexus NX. This makes Cambridge the first plant outside Japan to build 2 Lexus models. <br> Past models: Toyota Corolla sedan 1989-2019,<br> Camry Solara 1999-2003,<br> Matrix 2003-2013 & 2014 in Canada,<br> RAV4 (gas-only) 2019-2025 |- |W |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada - Woodstock]] |[[w:Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock, Ontario]] |2008 |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2019- |On November 3, 2008, Woodstock, also known as the West plant, begins production with the RAV4. On May 22, 2012, the RAV4 EV, powered by a Tesla motor and Panasonic battery, begins production. The RAV4 EV ended production in August 2014. <br> Past models: Toyota RAV4 EV 2012-2014,<br> RAV4 (gas-only) 2009-2025 |- |H |[[w:Honda of Canada Manufacturing|Honda of Canada Manufacturing - Alliston Auto Plant]] |[[w:Alliston, Ontario|Alliston, Ontario]] |1986 |Honda Civic 4-d sedan 1996-,<br> Civic Si 4-d 2007-2015, 2017-2020, 2022-<br> Civic Hybrid sedan 2025-,<br> CR-V 2012-, CR-V Hybrid 2023- |The first Japanese automotive assembly plant in Canada. Plant 1 began production in November 3, 1986 with the Accord sedan. Accord production in Canada ended in 1988. Civic production began in 1988 with the 3-d hatchback. In 1992, the Civic 2-d coupe began production. Acura production began in 1996 with the Canada-only EL sedan. Plant 2 opened on September 30, 1998, building the 1999 Odyssey. The 2nd gen. Odyssey was also built for export to Japan with right-hand drive as the Honda LaGreat. In 2000, Plant 2 began production of the Acura MDX. The 1st gen. Acura MDX was also exported to Japan and Australia with right-hand drive as the Honda MDX. In 2002, Plant 2 began production of the Pilot. The 1st gen. Pilot was also exported to the Middle East as the Honda MR-V.<br> In 2004, Odyssey production ended at Alliston and was consolidated in Lincoln, AL. In 2005, Plant 2 began production of the Ridgeline. In 2005, the Acura EL ended production and was replaced with the CSX, also Canada-only. In 2007, Pilot production ended at Alliston and was consolidated in Lincoln, AL. In April 2007, Civic sedan production was added to Plant 2, the first time Plant 2 had ever built a passenger car. In 2008, an engine plant was added to the Alliston complex, making 4-cylinder engines for the Civic. In 2009, Ridgeline production ended at Alliston and was moved in Lincoln, AL. On December 16, 2009, Plant 2 began production of the Acura ZDX. In 2011, the CSX ended production. On January 23, 2012, Plant 2 began production of the CR-V. On March 28, 2013, the MDX ended production at Alliston and was moved in Lincoln, AL. The ZDX also ended production in 2013 and was discontinued. Civic sedan production at Plant 2 ended in 2015 with the 9th gen. Civic (the 10th gen. was only made at Plant 1). Plant 2 now focused solely on CR-V production. In 2022, Plant 2 began production of the CR-V Hybrid. In 2024, Plant 1 began production of the Civic Hybrid sedan. Over 10 million vehicles have been produced at Alliston. <br> Past models: Honda Accord 4-d sedan 1987-1988,<br> Civic 3-d hatchback 1988-2000,<br> Civic Si 3-d hatchback 1989-1995,<br> Civic 2-d coupe 1993-1995, 2006-2020,<br> Civic Si 2-d coupe 2006-2015, 2017-2020<br> Odyssey 1999-2004, Pilot 2003-2007,<br> Ridgeline 2006-2009,<br> Acura EL 1997-2005 (Canada only),<br> Acura CSX 2006-2011 (Canada only),<br> Acura MDX 2001-2013, ZDX 2010-2013,<br> Honda LaGreat (For export: 1999-2004),<br> Honda MDX (For export: 2003-2006),<br> Honda MR-V (For export: 2003-2005) |- |} ==Former Canadian production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/province !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |6 |[[w:CAMI Automotive|CAMI Automotive]] |[[w:Ingersoll, Ontario|Ingersoll, Ontario]] |1989/2009 (end of Suzuki production & ownership of plant) |Suzuki Swift 1991, 1993-2001,<br> Suzuki Sidekick 1990-1998,<br> Suzuki Vitara 1999-2004,<br> Suzuki XL7 2007-2009,<br> Geo Metro 1990-1997,<br> Chevrolet Metro 1998-2001,<br> Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) <br> (1991, 1994-2001),<br> Geo Tracker 1990-1997,<br> Chevrolet Tracker 1998-2004,<br> Asuna Sunrunner (Canada only) (1992-1993), Pontiac Sunrunner (Canada only) (1994-1998),<br> Chevrolet Equinox 2005-2022,<br> Pontiac Torrent 2006-2009, <br> GMC Terrain 2010-2017 |Originally, a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Suzuki called CAMI Automotive, Inc. CAMI originally stood for Canadian Automotive Manufacturing Inc. Began production in April 1989 on the SUV line (Tracker) and in November 1989 on the car line (Metro). In the 1st gen., only Metro hatchbacks were made at CAMI. The convertible was always imported from Japan. Only the Suzuki Swift 3-d hatchback was made at CAMI; 1st gen. 5-d hatchbacks and 4-d sedans were all imported from Japan. 4-door versions of the Suzuki Sidekick began to be made at CAMI for 1994. In 1994, the 2nd gen. 1995 Geo Metro and its twin, the Suzuki Swift, began production at CAMI. For 1996, the Geo Tracker added a 4-door version, which was made by CAMI. The 1996-1998 Suzuki Sidekick Sport, which had a 1.8-liter engine and a slightly different appearance, was not built by CAMI. For 1998, GM eliminated Geo and the Geo Metro and Tracker became Chevrolet Metro and Tracker. In 1998, the 2nd gen. 1999 Chevrolet Tracker and its twin, the Suzuki Vitara, began production at CAMI. The Suzuki Grand Vitara was not built by CAMI. On April 26, 2001, CAMI ended car production as the Chevrolet Metro and Suzuki Swift ended production. After that, only SUVs were produced. On January 27, 2004, the Suzuki-developed Chevrolet Tracker and Suzuki Vitara ended production. On February 20, 2004, CAMI began production of the GM-developed Chevrolet Equinox. On August 2, 2005, CAMI began production of the Pontiac Torrent, a sister model of the 1st gen. Chevrolet Equinox. In August 2006, CAMI began production of the Suzuki XL7, based on the same GM Theta architecture as the Equinox & Torrent. This was the first Suzuki built at CAMI since the Vitara ended production in January 2004. In May 2009, CAMI ended production of the 1st gen. Chevrolet Equinox and the Pontiac Torrent. On May 25, 2009, CAMI began production of the 2nd gen. Chevrolet Equinox followed by its new sister model, the GMC Terrain, on August 10. In May 2009, Suzuki produced its last vehicle at the CAMI plant, an XL7. In December 2009, GM bought Suzuki's share of the plant. In 2011, the sale of Suzuki's half of CAMI to GM was completed and CAMI Automotive, Inc. was renamed GM CAMI Assembly. Since 2011, GM has continued to operate the CAMI plant as a 100% owned factory. Since Suzuki ended production at CAMI, GM continued to produce the GMC Terrain through July 2017 and the Chevy Equinox through April 28, 2022 at the CAMI plant. The 3rd gen. Chevy Equinox began production on January 9, 2017 alongside production of the 2nd gen. Equinox and 1st gen. Terrain, both of which ended production in July 2017. Both the Equinox and Terrain have since been moved to Mexico and since December 5, 2022, CAMI has produced BrightDrop electric delivery vans for GM. |- |B |Hyundai Auto Canada |[[w:Bromont, Quebec|Bromont, Quebec]] |1989/1993 |Hyundai Sonata 1990-1994 |Hyundai's first plant in North America. A deal with Chrysler to supply a rebadged Sonata from Bromont to sell under the Eagle brand was cancelled before it ever started. Launched production in February 1989. Stamping plant added in November 1990. Ended production in September 1993. A plan to switch production to the Elantra never got off the ground. A wheel plant, in Newmarket, Ontario also closed at the same time. Hyundai later sold the Bromont plant site. In 1996, some of the production equipment from Bromont was shipped to Hyundai's then-new plant in India near Chennai and helped to launch the Indian plant. |- |3 (in pos. 7 of VIN 1975-1980 <br> & <br> pos. 11 of VIN <br> 1981-on),<br><br> 8 (in pos. 7 of VIN 1967-1974 140 series) |[[w:Volvo Halifax Assembly|Volvo Halifax Assembly]] |[[w:Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |1967/1987 |Volvo 140 series 1968-1974,<br> 240 series 1975-1988 |Located on Pier 9 in Halifax. Replaced a previous plant located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The Dartmouth plant was Volvo's 1st plant in Canada, Volvo's first wholly owned plant outside Sweden, and the first non-North American owned automobile assembly plant in North America since before World War II. The Dartmouth plant was leased from Atlantic Sugar Refineries and was a converted former sugar refinery. The Dartmouth plant opened in June 1963 and first built the Volvo "Amazon"<br> 122 S as the Volvo Canadian. Dartmouth later also built the Volvo "Amazon" 123 GT as the Volvo Canadian GT as well as some PV544 models. The Volvo Canadian, based on the 122 S, was built as a 2-d, 4-d, and a wagon. In 1967, production moved to the larger plant at Pier 9 in Halifax. The Pier 9 plant was officially opened on April 14th, 1967. The Pier 9 plant was Volvo's 2nd plant in Canada. Both plants assembled vehicles from complete knock-down (CKD) kits shipped from Sweden. Production ended in early October 1987 with the 1988 240 series. 240 production then ended in Canada and switched to imports while the Pier 9 plant was replaced by the new Bayers Lake plant, which opened in December 1987 to build the 740. |- |3 |[[w:Volvo Halifax Assembly|Volvo Halifax Assembly]]- Bayers Lake Assembly Plant |[[w:Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |1987/1998 |Volvo 740 1988-1992, 940 1991-1995, 850 1996-1997, S70/V70 1998-1999 |Located in Bayers Lake Business Park in Halifax. Replaced a previous plant located on Pier 9 in Halifax. This was Volvo's 3rd plant in Canada. Plant assembled vehicles from complete knock-down (CKD) kits shipped from Sweden. Production began in late December 1987 with the 740. Production of the 940 began in 1990. 740 production ended in 1992 while 940 production ended in 1995. The plant was then converted to build the 850 for 1996. The 850 sedan and wagon were updated into the S70 sedan and V70 wagon for 1998. Production ended on December 18, 1998. Last vehicle produced was a 1999 S70. |- |} ==Current Mexican production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |M |[[w:TMMBC|TMMBC]] |[[w:Tijuana|Tijuana]], [[w:Baja California|Baja California]] |2004 |Toyota Tacoma 2005- |In September 2004, began making truck beds for Tacoma pickups. In December 2004, began making Tacoma pickups. |- |T |[[w:TMMGT|TMMGT]] |[[w:Apaseo el Grande|Apaseo el Grande]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2019 |Toyota Tacoma 2020- |Began production in December 2019. |- |M |[[w:Honda de México|Honda de México- Celaya Automobile and Engine Plant]] |[[w:Celaya|Celaya]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2014 |Honda HR-V 2016-, Acura ADX 2025- |Celaya is Honda's second automobile plant in Mexico after the El Salto plant. Celaya also makes 4-cylinder engines for the models it builds. Engine production began in 2013 with the 1.5L I4 for the Fit. Celaya now makes the 2.0L engine for the 2nd gen. HR-V. A plant next door makes CVT transmissions since 2015. Celaya began vehicle production on February 22, 2014 with the Fit. HR-V began production in 2015. The Fit ended production in 2020 and was discontinued in North America. The Acura ADX began production in 2025 and is the first Acura built in Mexico. <br> Past models: Honda Fit 2015-2020 |- |L |Nissan Mexicana- A1 plant |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |1992 |Nissan March [K13] 2012- (N/A in US & Can.),<br> Versa [N19] 2026- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Kicks [P16] 2025- |Began production on November 12, 1992. Located next to Nissan's engine plant in Aguascalientes, which began production in 1983. Nissan's newer A2 plant in Aguascalientes is located 4 miles away. Took over all North American Sentra production beginning with the 5th gen. 2000 model until the 7th gen. 2013 model. Began production of the Renault Clio on November 15, 2001. On March 4, 2002, began production of the Nissan Platina, a rebadged Renault Symbol. The Mexican market Tiida is the same as the US & Canadian first gen. Versa. Began production of the Nissan March for the Mexican market and export to Latin America in March 2011. The March was exported to Canada as the Micra for the 2015-2019 model years. The V-Drive is a continuation of the 2nd gen. Versa (N17) sold alongside the 3rd gen. Versa (N18). The Kicks Play is a continuation of the 1st gen. Kicks (P15) sold alongside the 2nd gen. Kicks (P16). The A1 plant has produced over 7.7 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Nissan Sentra 1994-2019,<br> Tsubame [Y10] 1993-2001 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Platina 2002-2010 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Tiida [C11] 2007-2011 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> V-Drive [N17] 2020-2024 (not sold in US & Canada), Versa [C11] 2007-2012, Versa [N17] 2012-2019,<br> Versa [N18] 2020-2025, Versa Note [E12] 2014-2019,<br> Micra [K13] 2015-2019 (Canada only),<br> Kicks [P15] 2018-2024, Kicks Play [P15] 2025,<br> Renault Clio 2002-2009 (not sold in US & Canada) |- |Y |Nissan Mexicana- A2 plant |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |2013 |Nissan Sentra 2014- |Began production on November 12, 2013. Located 4 miles away from Nissan's A1 plant in Aguascalientes. Took over all North American Sentra production beginning with the 8th gen. 2020 model. The A2 plant has produced over 1.8 million vehicles. |- |K |Nissan Mexicana- Cuernavaca plant |[[w:Civac|Civac]] (Ciudad Industrial del Valle de Cuernavaca), [[w:Jiutepec|Jiutepec city]], [[w:Morelos|Morelos state]] |1966 |Nissan NP300 [D23] 2016- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Frontier [D23] 2021- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Versa 2012- ,<br> |Nissan's first wholly owned plant outside Japan. Began production on May 12, 1966. Production of the 520 pickup, based on the 410-series Bluebird, began in 1967. Line 2 launched production in 1975 and makes pickup trucks, beginning with the 620. In 1978, an engine plant was added but this is no longer in operation. Exports began in 1972 with the 620 pickup. The NV200 van was built on Line 1, as was its twin, the Chevrolet City Express. The NV200, City Express, and some Versas ('12 5-d, '14 & '17-'18 4-d) were the only vehicles made at the Cuernavaca plant to be sold in the US. With the facelift for 2021, the NP300 became Regular Cab only while the NP300 Frontier, renamed as Frontier, became Double Cab (a.k.a. Crew Cab) only. Cuernavaca has built over 6.5 million vehicles. Cuernavaca is slated to close by March 2026.<br> Past models: Datsun Bluebird (410/510), 160J (710), 160J/180J/Samurai (A10), 520 pickup, 620 pickup, Datsun/Nissan 720 pickup (1980-1992),<br> Nissan Tsuru [B11] (1984-1987), Tsuru II [B12] (1988-1991), Tsuru [B13] (1992-2017), Tsuru Samurai [B11] (1985-1987), Ninja Turbo [B11] (1987), Hikari [B12] (1988-1992), Sentra Classic [B12] (Canada: 1991-1993),<br> Lucino [B14] 1996-2000, Tiida [C11] (2007-2018),<br> V-Drive [N17] 2020-2025 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Tsubame [Y10] 1993-2001, Pickup [D21] (1993-2008),<br> NP300/NP300 Frontier [D22] (2008-2015),<br> NP300 Frontier [D23] (2016-2020), Ichi Van [C120] (1987-1994), NV200 [M20] (2013-2021), Chevrolet <br> City Express (2015-2018), Renault Scenic (2001-2004), Renault Alaskan (only for export) (2017-2020) |- |F (Infiniti),<br> W (Mercedes) |[[w:Cooperation Manufacturing Plant Aguascalientes|COMPAS]] |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |2017 |Infiniti QX50 2019-2025, Infiniti QX55 2022-2025, Mercedes-Benz GLB-Class 2020-2026 |COMPAS is a 50/50 joint venture between Nissan and Daimler AG (renamed Mercedes-Benz Group in February 2022). The COMPAS plant is part of the same complex as the A2 plant and is at the southern end of the property. The joint venture was formed to build both Infiniti and Mercedes-Benz models. Infiniti production began in November 2017 with the QX50. Mercedes production began in September 2018 with the A-Class sedan. This was followed by the GLB-Class in 2019. In 2020, Mercedes ended A-Class production at COMPAS and shifted its production back to Germany. The QX50 was joined by the QX55 in 2021. Infiniti production ended in November 2025. Mercedes production will end in May 2026. The plant will then close. <br> Past models: Mercedes-Benz A-Class sedan 2019-2020 |- |M (Mazda),<br> Y (Toyota) |[[w:List_of_Mazda_facilities#Production_plants|Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation]] (MMVO) |[[w:Salamanca, Guanajuato|Salamanca]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2014 |Mazda 3 2014-,<br> Mazda 2 2015- (not sold in US & Can.),<br> CX-30 2020-,<br> CX-3 2023- (not sold in US & Canada) |Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation was originally a 70/30 joint venture between Mazda and Sumitomo Corp. In March 2017, Mazda increased its share to 75%, which reduced Sumitomo to 25%. On November 30, 2020, Mazda agreed to buy out Sumitomo and, effective at the end of March 2021, MMVO became 100% owned by Mazda. Began production on January 7, 2014 with the Mazda 3. In October 2014, began production of the Mazda 2 hatchback. The sedan version of the Mazda 2 was added in 2018 for the Mexican 2019 model year. Production for Toyota began in June 2015 and ended in 2020. MMVO built both 4-d & 5-d versions of the 3rd gen. Mazda3 but only builds 4-d versions of the 4th gen. Mazda 3 because the 4th gen. 5-d was moved to Japan to make room for the CX-30. In September 2019, CX-30 production began. In October 2022, CX-3 production began. MMVO also produces engines onsite (SKYACTIV-G 1.5, SKYACTIV-G 2.0, and <br> SKYACTIV-G 2.5). Engine machining began on <br> October 21, 2014. In 2020, vehicle production <br> surpassed 1 million units. <br> Past models:<br> US market: Scion iA 2016, Toyota Yaris iA 2017-2018, Yaris sedan 2019-2020, Yaris hatchback 2020.<br> Canadian market: Toyota Yaris sedan 2016-2020,<br> Yaris hatchback 2020.<br> Mexican market: Toyota Yaris R 2016-2020. |- |E |[[w:List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities#Monterrey Plant (KMMX)|Kia Motors Manufacturing Mexico]] [KMMX] |[[w:Pesquería|Pesquería]], [[w:Nuevo León|Nuevo León]] |2016 |Kia K3 2024- (not sold in US & Can.),<br> K4 4-d 2025-, K4 5-d 2026-,<br> Hyundai Tucson 2025- |In May 2016, began production of the Kia Forte. In January 2017, added production of the Kia Rio followed later in the year by the Hyundai Accent. The Accent ended production at KMMX in 2022 and was discontinued in North America. The Kia Rio was discontinued in the US and Canada after 2023 but in Mexico, it was replaced by the K3 for 2024. The Kia Forte was replaced by the K4 for 2025. In August 2024, production of the Hyundai Tucson was added for export to the US. Mexican-built Tucsons are not sold in Mexico as Mexico sources the swb version of the Tucson from the Czech Republic for sale in Mexico, while the version built in Mexico is the lwb version of the Tucson sold in the US and Canada. Due to new US tariffs on imports, Hyundai shifted US-market Tucson production from Mexico to HMMA in the US and moved Canadian-market Tucson production from HMMA to Mexico in April 2025. KMMX has produced over 2 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Kia Forte 4-d 2017-2024, Forte5 2017-18, Rio 2018-2023, Hyundai Accent 2018-2022 |- |M |[[w:Volkswagen de México|Volkswagen de México - Puebla plant]] |[[w:Puebla (city)|Puebla (city)]], [[w:Puebla|Puebla state]] |1967 |VW Jetta (Mexico: 1987-, US: 1989-),<br> Tiguan 2018-, Taos 2022- |Began production on October 23, 1967 with the Beetle, known in Mexico as the VW Sedan. VW exported the Beetle to Europe from 1978-1985. On May 15, 1981, the 20 millionth Beetle rolled off the assembly line in Puebla. On June 23, 1992, the 21 millionth Beetle rolled off the line in Puebla. In October 1970, began production of the Combi (T2 Microbus). From 1973, the cargo van version called the Volkswagen Panel was added. In 1988, a luxury variant, the Volkswagen Caravelle, was added. T2 production finally ended in Mexico in 1994. In November 1970, began production of the Safari (Type 181). On March 7, 1973, exports of the Safari to the US began. In The US, the VW Safari were sold as the VW Thing from 1973-1974. These were the first Mexican-built vehicles to be sold in the US. Safari production continued through 1980, though military-spec Type 181 production continued through 1983. In 1974, began production of the Brasilia, an air-cooled, rear-engine 3-d hatchback developed by VW do Brazil. The Brasilia ended production in 1982. In 1976, began production of the VW Hormiga, a small, fwd, light-duty flatbed truck. Production ended in 1978. In 1977, began production of the 1st gen. Golf, sold as the VW Caribe in Mexico. In April 1981, began production of the 1st gen. Jetta, sold as the VW Atlantic in Mexico. Puebla also started making water-cooled engines in April 1981. In December 1984, began production of the B2 Passat, sold as the VW Corsar in Mexico. The Corsar ended production in 1988. The 2nd gen. Golf and Jetta were sold in Mexico under their global names and launched in 1987 with the Golf beginning production in March 1987 and the Jetta in May 1987. In October 1988, VW began producing the Golf and Jetta for export to the US and Canada for the 1989 model year, marking Puebla's first exports to the US since 1974. In the first half of 1995, Puebla began production of the Derby and the Cabrio, the convertible version of the 3rd gen. Golf. Derby ended production in Puebla in 1997 while the Cabrio ended production in Puebla in 2002 and was replaced by the New Beetle convertible for 2003. On October 1, 1997, began production of the New Beetle, which was produced exclusively in Puebla for global markets. Puebla stopped producing the Golf in 1999 in order to make more room for New Beetle production. Golfs began to be imported from Brazil for 2000. On July 30, 2003, production of the classic Beetle (Sedan) finally ended in Puebla, the last factory in the world to still build the original Beetle. In July 2010, production of the New Beetle ended. In July 2011, production of the 3rd gen. Beetle began in Puebla, again the only production site in the world for this model. On July 10, 2019, production of the 3rd gen. Beetle ended. The 5th gen. Jetta was sold in Mexico as the Bora. Beginning with the 5th generation, the Jetta was no longer produced in Europe and Puebla became the main production site. The wagon variant of the 5th gen. Golf/Jetta was only built in Puebla, beginning in the 1st half of 2007. What is sometimes referred to as the 6th gen. Golf/Jetta wagon is actually a facelifted 5th gen. made to look similar to the 6th gen. and it was still only built in Puebla. On January 14, 2014, production began of the 7th gen. Golf. The 7th gen. Golf wagon was again only made in Puebla. The 2nd gen. Tiguan began production in 2017, in LWB form. The LWB version, known in Europe as Tiguan Allspace, is produced in Puebla for all markets except China. The Taos began production in October 2020, replacing the Golf on Puebla's assembly lines. The 3rd gen. Tiguan began production in December 2024. In 2004, Brazilian-developed VW commercial trucks and buses began to be assembled in Puebla in a small warehouse next to the main plant. The VW Worker truck and Volksbus bus chassis were assembled. In 2010, VW truck and bus production moved to a MAN plant in Queretaro. Puebla has built over 14 million vehicles. <br> Past models: VW Beetle (Sedan) (Mexico: 1968-2003, Europe: 1978-1985), Combi (Mexico: 1971-1994),<br> Safari (Mexico: 1971-1980), Thing (US: 1973-1974), Brasilia (Mexico: 1975-82), Hormiga (Mexico: 1976-78), Caribe (Mexico: 1977-1987), Atlantic (Mexico: 1981-87), Corsar (Mexico: 1985-1988), Golf Mk2/3 (Mexico: 1987-1999, US: 1989-1999), Golf Mk7 (US: 2015-2021), Derby (Mexico: 1995-1997), Cabrio (US: 1996-2002), New Beetle 1998-2010, Beetle (Mk3) 2012-2019, Jetta Sportwagen (US: 2009-2014), Golf Sportwagen (US: 2015-2019), Golf Alltrack (US: 2017-2019), Golf Variant (Europe: 2007-2020), City Jetta (Canada: 2007-2009), Clasico (Mexico: 2011-2015), Bora (Mexico: 2006-2010), Tiguan Allspace (Europe: 2018-2024),<br> Worker, Volksbus (Mexico: 2004-2010) |- |2 |Audi Mexico |[[w:San José Chiapa|San José Chiapa]], [[w:Puebla|Puebla state]] |2016 |Audi Q5/SQ5 2018-, <br> Audi Q5/SQ5 Sportback 2021- |Audi's first plant in North America. The plant is 1.5 miles above sea level and is about 43 miles away from sister brand VW's plant in Puebla city. On September 30, 2016, Audi Mexico began production with the 2nd generation Q5 for the 2018 model year. On February 8, 2020, Audi Mexico began production of the Q5 Sportback. In November 2024, Audi Mexico began production of the 3rd generation 2025 Q5. Audi Mexico has produced over 1 million vehicles. |- |8 |BMW SLP |[[w:San Luis Potosí (city)|San Luis Potosí (city)]], [[w:San Luis Potosí|San Luis Potosí state]] |2019 |BMW 3-series sedan 2019- <br> (330i '19-, 330i xDrive '19-, M340i 2020-, M340i xDrive 2021-, 330e 2021-2024, 330e xDrive 2021-2024),<br> 2-series coupe 2022-, M2 2023- |Began production in April 2019 with the 3-series sedan. In August 2020, added production of the 330e plug-in hybrid for the 2021 model year. Beginning with the 2023 model year, the US market started sourcing all 3-series sedans except for the M3 from Mexico. In September 2021, added production of the 2-series coupe. In December 2022, added production of the M2 coupe, the first BMW M model made in Mexico. The G42 2-series coupe & G87 M2 coupe are made exclusively in Mexico for all markets. |- |} ==Former Mexican production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |G |[[w:Honda de México|Honda de Mexico - El Salto Automobile Plant]] |[[w:El Salto, Jalisco|El Salto, Jalisco]] |1995/2020 (end of Honda automobile production) |Honda Accord 1996-2007,<br> CR-V 2008-2016, HR-V 2017-2020 |Automobile plant was added next to a Honda Motorcycle plant, which began production in March 1988. Automobile production began in November 1995 with the Accord. In fall 2007, production switched to the CR-V. In 2017, CR-V production ended at El Salto and was transferred to Greensburg, IN while El Salto switched to producing the HR-V, supplementing production at the newer Celaya plant. In 2020, HR-V production ended at <br> El Salto and was consolidated at the Celaya plant. This was the end of automobile production at <br> El Salto, which since then has made service parts for older model vehicles as well as motorcycles and water pumps. Power Products production began in December 2015. |- |} {{BookCat}} awnh8wsvex9hdklosbp3e6gtg1pzcuj 4641034 4641033 2026-06-23T21:08:03Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Current US production facilities */ 4641034 wikitext text/x-wiki The term "Transplant Automaker" refers to automakers building vehicles in North America that are not based in North America. They are based in Europe or Asia. This page shows the vehicle assembly plants of Transplant Automakers in North America. ==Current US production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |U |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky]] [TMMK] |[[w:Georgetown, Kentucky|Georgetown, Kentucky]] |1988 |Toyota Camry Hybrid 2007-,<br> RAV4 Hybrid 2020-,<br> Highlander EV 2027-,<br> Subaru Getaway EV 2027- |Toyota's 1st wholly owned assembly plant in the US. Originally established as Toyota Motor Manufacturing USA. In October 1996, plant was renamed Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky.<br> Toyota’s largest vehicle manufacturing plant in the world. Has 3 assembly lines. The 3rd line was originally for the Lexus ES. <br> First Camry was produced on May 26, 1988. Volume production of the Camry began in Georgetown in July 1988. Axle production began in October 1988. Engine production began in November 1989 with a 4-cylinder (2.0L 3S-FE). This was followed subsequently by the 2.2L 5S-FE, 2.4L AZ-series I4, 2.5L AR-series I4, & the 2.5L A25A/2.4L turbo T24A Dynamic Force I4. 4-cylinder engine machining began in July 1991. The wagon and coupe versions of the 3rd gen. US-market Camry were exported to Japan, where they were sold as the Scepter. In August 1994, V6 engine production began (3.0L 1MZ-FE). This was followed by the 3.3L 3MZ-FE, & the 3.5L GR-series V6. In September 1994, Avalon production began. V6 engine machining began in August 1996. In August 1997, Sienna minivan production began. The 2nd gen. Avalon was exported to Japan, where it was sold as the Pronard. In December 2002, Sienna production ended at Georgetown and was moved to Princeton, IN. In July 2003, Solara coupe production began while Solara convertible production followed in February 2004. In October 2006, Camry Hybrid production began, the first Toyota hybrid vehicle produced in the US. In November 2008, production of the Venza crossover began. In October 2015, a new 3rd assembly line began production of the Lexus ES350, the first time a Lexus is produced in the US. Began RAV4 Hybrid production in January 2020. The Hybrid-powered 6th gen. RAV4 began production on June 22, 2026. TMMK has produced over 15 million vehicles.<br> Past models: Toyota Camry (gas-only) 1989-2024,<br> Avalon 1995-2022, Avalon Hybrid 2013-2022,<br> Camry Solara 2004-2008, Sienna 1998-2003,<br> Venza 2009-2015 & 2016 in Canada,<br> Scepter wagon (For export: 1993-1996),<br> Scepter coupe (For export: 1994-1996),<br> Pronard (For export: 2000-2004),<br> Lexus ES 2016-2025, ES Hybrid 2019-2025 |- |S |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana]] [TMMI] |[[w:Princeton, Indiana|Princeton, Indiana]] |1999 |Toyota Sienna 2004-,<br> Highlander 2010-,<br> Highlander Hybrid 2014-,<br> Grand Highlander (gas/hybrid) 2024-, <br> Lexus TX (gas/hybrid/PHEV) 2024-,<br> Kluger/Kluger Hybrid (For export: 2014-) |Has 2 assembly lines: the original West plant and <br> the East plant, which was added in 2003. <br> Production began in May 1999 at the original West plant with the Tundra pickup. In September 2000, production began of the Sequoia SUV. In January 2003, production began at the East plant with the Sienna minivan. Initially, 2nd generation Tundra production was split between Princeton, IN and San Antonio, TX. All Regular Cabs were made in San Antonio while Double Cab & CrewMax were made in both plants. In August 2008, Tundra production at the West plant in Princeton ended and was consolidated in San Antonio, TX. On October 8, 2009, Highlander production began at the West plant. The Highlander Hybrid was added in early 2014. All Highlander production for all markets except for China was consolidated in Princeton beginning with the 3rd gen. 2014 model. In Australia and New Zealand, the Highlander is sold as the Kluger. In summer 2016, Highlander production was added to the East plant. On August 2, 2023, Grand Highlander production began at the West plant. On November 9, 2023, Lexus TX production began at the West plant. This is the first Lexus made in Princeton and the first Lexus SUV made in the US. The Lexus TX550h+ is the first plug-in hybrid that Toyota has built in North America. TMMI has produced over 6 million vehicles.<br> Past models: Toyota Tundra 2000-2008,<br> Sequoia 2001-2022 |- |X |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Texas]] [TMMTX] |[[w:San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] |2006 |Toyota Tundra 2007-,<br> Sequoia 2023- |In November 2006, began production with the Tundra pickup. Initially, Tundra production was split between Princeton, IN and San Antonio, TX. All Regular Cabs were made in San Antonio while Double Cab & CrewMax were made in both plants. In August 2008, Tundra production in Princeton, IN ended and was consolidated in San Antonio, TX. All Tundras have been made in San Antonio ever since. Tacoma pickup production began in July 2010 after the NUMMI plant in California closed in April. In September 2021, Tacoma production in San Antonio ended and was consolidated at Toyota's 2 plants in Mexico. In September 2022, Sequoia production began in San Antonio. In 2026, San Antonio will began making rear axles for Tundras and Sequoias made onsite and for Tacomas made in Mexico at a new 500,000-square-ft. facility at TMMTX. This will replace production at a Hino Motors Manufacturing USA plant in Marion, AR, which is slated to close by the end of 2027. <br> Past models: Toyota Tacoma 2011-2021 |- |P |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Mississippi]] [TMMMS] |[[w:Blue Springs, Mississippi|Blue Springs, Mississippi]] |2011 |Toyota Corolla sedan 2011- |Began production on October 10, 2011 with the Corolla sedan. TMMMS has produced over 2 million vehicles. |- |V (Toyota),<br> N (Mazda) |[[w:Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA|Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA]] [MTMUSA] |[[w:Huntsville, Alabama|Huntsville, Alabama]] |2021 |Toyota Corolla Cross 2022-,<br> Corolla Cross Hybrid 2023-,<br> Mazda CX-50 2023-, CX-50 Hybrid 2025- |50/50 joint venture between Toyota and Mazda.<br> Has 2 assembly lines - 1 for Toyota and 1 for Mazda. Toyota production began on September 30, 2021 while Mazda production began on January 26, 2022. This plant marked a return to US vehicle production for Mazda, which had not built any vehicles in the US since 2012, when the Mazda 6 ended production in Flat Rock, MI. |- |A |[[w:Marysville Auto Plant|Honda Marysville Auto Plant]] |[[w:Marysville, Ohio|Marysville, Ohio]] |1982 |Honda Accord sedan 1983-,<br> Accord Hybrid 2014-2015, 2018-,<br> Acura Integra 2023- |Honda's 1st automotive assembly plant in the US. The first Japanese automotive assembly plant in the US. Has 2 assembly lines. Line 1 began production on November 1, 1982 with the 1983 Accord sedan. Production of the Accord 3-d hatchback was added for 1984. Line 2 began production on December 13, 1985, also with the Accord (first model built was a 1986 Accord 3-d hatchback). On July 24, 1986, production of the Civic sedan began at Marysville. Accord 3-d hatchback production was moved to Japan for 1988 to make room for the new 2-d coupe version. On December 22, 1987, production of the 1988 Accord 2-d coupe began. In January 1988, production began of the Accord 2-d coupe for export to Japan. The 2-d coupe version of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th gen. Accord was exported to Japan. The 3rd gen. was left-hand drive only. Right-hand drive models began to be produced in the 4th gen. in January 1990. The Accord coupe was also exported to Europe in the 4th, 5th, and 6th generations. On November 20, 1990, production began of the 1991 Accord wagon. The wagon version of the 4th and 5th gen. Accord was exported to Japan and Europe (in Europe, it was called Accord Aerodeck). During 1990, Civic production was transferred to East Liberty. On August 3, 1998, Marysville began producing the Acura TL, the first Acura produced in Marysville. The 2nd gen. Acura TL was exported to Japan, where it was sold as the 3rd gen. Honda Inspire and the 2nd gen. Honda Saber. On January 31, 2000, Marysville began production of the 2nd gen. 2001 Acura CL, replacing East Liberty, which produced the 1st gen. Acura CL. On July 17, 2006, production of the Acura RDX began, the first SUV built in Marysville. On September 10, 2013, the Marysville plant built its first Accord Hybrid, a 2014 model. On July 14, 2014, production began on the Acura TLX, the successor to the TL. On January 27, 2015, Marysville began production of the updated 2016 model year Acura ILX, taking over production from Greensburg. In 2015, Accord Hybrid production in Marysville ended. Production was moved to Japan, where the 2017 model was built (there was no '16 Accord Hybrid). Accord Hybrid production returned to Marysville in 2018. In September 2018, Marysville began production of the CR-V. On May 5, 2022, production began of the ILX's replacement, the revived Acura Integra. Marysville Auto Plant has produced over 15 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Accord 3-d hatchback 1984-1987, Accord 2-d coupe 1988-2017, Accord wagon 1991-1997,<br> Civic 4-d sedan 1987-1990, CR-V 2018-2022,<br> Acura TL 1999-2014, TLX 2015-2025, CL 2001-2003, RDX 2007-2012, ILX 2016-2022,<br> Honda Inspire/Saber (For export: 1999-2003) |- |L |[[w:East Liberty Auto Plant|Honda East Liberty Auto Plant]] |[[w:East Liberty, Ohio|East Liberty, Ohio]] |1989 |Honda CR-V 2007-, CR-V Hybrid 2022-, Acura RDX 2013-, MDX 2017- |Began production on December 18, 1989 with the Civic 4-d. Took over all production of the Civic sedan from Marysville during 1990. In June 1991, East Liberty added production of the Accord sedan. Production of the Accord at East Liberty ended in 1992 to make room for the 1993 Civic coupe. On February 19, 1996, East Liberty began production of the Acura CL coupe, the first Acura made in the US. On April 8, 1998, began production of the natural gas-powered Civic GX sedan. In 1999, Acura CL production ended and CL production was transferred to Marysville for the 2nd gen. model. On November 26, 2002, production begins on the Element, the first SUV built in East Liberty. In January 2005, East Liberty again adds Accord sedan production. Accord production at East Liberty ends March 31, 2005. On September 25, 2006, CR-V production began at East Liberty. During 2009, Civic production was transferred to Greensburg, IN. On November 3, 2009, East Liberty began production of the Accord Crosstour. In 2012, East Liberty began production of the Acura RDX, taking over production from Marysille. On May 31, 2017, East Liberty began production of the Acura MDX. In October 2017, all MDX production is consolidated at East Liberty. East Liberty has produced over 7 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Civic 4-d sedan 1990-2009,<br> Civic 2-d coupe 1993-2005, Civic Si 2-d coupe '99-'00,<br> Accord LX sedan w/auto. trans. 1991-1992, 2005, Element 2003-2011, Accord Crosstour 2010-2011, Crosstour 2012-2015, Acura CL 1997-1999 |- |B |[[w:Honda Manufacturing of Alabama|Honda Manufacturing of Alabama]] |[[w:Lincoln, Alabama|Lincoln, Alabama]] |2001 |Honda Odyssey 2002-, Pilot 2004-, Ridgeline 2009-2014, 2017-,<br> Passport 2019- |Has 2 assembly lines. Line 1 began production on November 14, 2001 with the Odyssey. Line 2 began production on April 27, 2004 with the Pilot. An onsite engine plant began production in November 2001 making Honda J-series V6 engines for the vehicles built in Lincoln, AL. The 1st gen. Honda Pilot was also exported to the Middle East as the Honda MR-V. On April 15, 2008, the 2nd gen. Pilot began production in Lincoln, AL, which was now the only plant making the Pilot SUV. On February 16, 2009, Line 1 began production of the Ridgeline pickup, which was transferred from Alliston, ON. On July 17, 2009, Line 2 began production of the Accord V6 sedan, the first passenger car built in Lincoln, AL. In December 2010, Lincoln, AL stopped Accord production. Around this time, Ridgeline production shifted from Line 1 to Line 2. On May 2, 2013, the 2014 model year Acura MDX begins production, having been transferred from Alliston, ON <br> for 2014. In July 2014, the 1st gen. Ridgeline ended production. On May 5, 2016, the Ridgeline resumed production after a nearly 2 year hiatus with a new <br> 2nd gen. version. From October 2017, Acura MDX production was consolidated in East Liberty for the <br> 2018 model year. On December 6, 2018, production began of the all new Passport. Lincoln, AL has produced over 5 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Honda Accord V6 sedan 2009-2011,<br> Acura MDX 2014-2017,<br> Honda MR-V (For export: 2006-2008) |- |E |[[w:Honda Manufacturing of Indiana|Honda Manufacturing of Indiana]] |[[w:Greensburg, Indiana|Greensburg, Indiana]] |2008 |Honda Civic 5-d hatchback 2022-,<br> Civic Hybrid 5-d hatchback 2025-,<br> CR-V 2017-,<br> CR-V Hybrid 2020-2021, 2023- |Began production in October 2008 with the 2009 model year Civic sedan. In 2009, began production of the natural gas-powered Civic GX sedan. Took over all production of the Civic sedan from East Liberty during 2009. In April 2012, Greensburg began production of the 9th generation Civic-based Acura ILX, building an Acura model for the first time. Greensburg also produced the ILX Hybrid, the first US-built hybrid from American Honda. In early 2013, Greensburg began production of the Civic Hybrid. The ILX Hybrid was discontinued after 2014. In November 2014, 2015 model year ILX production ended and the ILX moved to Marysville for the 2016 model year. In 2015, Civic Hybrid sedan production ended. On February 15, 2017, Greensburg began production of the 2017 model year CR-V, building an SUV for the first time. CR-V production was transferred to Greensburg from El Salto, Mexico. On May 14, 2018, production began of the Insight hybrid sedan. In January 2020, CR-V Hybrid production began. Greensburg did not produce the CR-V Hybrid for 2022 but resumed CR-V Hybrid production in fall 2022 for 2023. In September 2021, production began of the Civic 5-d hatchback instead of the Civic 4-d sedan, which was consolidated in Alliston, ON. This is the first time that the Civic 5-d is produced in North America. <br> Past models: Honda Civic 4-d sedan 2009-2021,<br> Civic Hybrid 4-d sedan 2013-2015,<br> Insight Hybrid 2019-2022,<br> Acura ILX 2013-2015, ILX Hybrid 2013-2014 |- |Y |Honda Performance Manufacturing Center (PMC) |[[w:Marysville, Ohio|Marysville, Ohio]] |2016 |Honda CR-V e:FCEV 2025- |Specializes in low volume production. Building is Honda's former North American Logistics facility, converted into a low-volume vehicle assembly plant.<br> Began production in April 2016 with the Acura NSX. The 2nd gen. Acura NSX was also exported to Europe, Japan, and Australia as the Honda NSX. In 2019, started making special limited-production PMC Editions of select Acura models. In November 2022, NSX production ended. The last Acura PMC Editions were made in 2023. On June 5, 2024, began production of the hydrogen fuel cell-powered CR-V e:FCEV, the first production hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicle to be made in the US. <br> Past models: Acura NSX 2017-2022,<br> Honda NSX (For export: 2017-2022),<br> TLX PMC Edition 2020 & 2023, MDX PMC Edition 2020, RDX PMC Edition 2021-2022 |- |C |[[w:Nissan Smyrna Assembly Plant|Nissan Smyrna Vehicle Assembly Plant]] |[[w:Smyrna, Tennessee|Smyrna, Tennessee]] |1983 |Nissan Pathfinder 2005-2020, 2022-, Infiniti QX60 2014-2020, 2022-,<br> Nissan Rogue 2014-, Murano 2021-, Infiniti QX65 2027- |Nissan's 1st automotive assembly plant in the US. The second Japanese automotive assembly plant in the US. Originally, Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA. In April 2000, became part of Nissan North America. Began production on June 16, 1983 with the 720 pickup. Began production of the Sentra on <br> March 25, 1985. On June 11, 1992, Altima sedan production began. In November 1994, 200SX production began, based on the 4th generation Sentra. On September 10, 1997, production of the Frontier pickup began. 200SX production ended in June 1998. Sentra production in Smyrna ended on March 19, 1999 and was moved to Aguascalientes, Mexico. Xterra production began on April 19, 1999. Maxima production began in January 2003. Pathfinder production began on Aug. 30, 2004. In April 2007, Altima coupe production began. In 2008, Smyrna began production of the Suzuki Equator pickup, a rebadged Nissan Frontier. In February 2012, Smyrna began production of the Infiniti JX35, the first Infiniti built at the TN plant. The JX35 was renamed QX60 for 2014. In August 2012, Frontier and Xterra production ended at Smyrna and were moved to Canton, MS. Suzuki Equator production also ended in August 2012 and it was discontinued. In January 2013, Smyrna began production of the Leaf, the first electric Nissan made in the US. Altima coupe production ended in June 2013. Rogue production began on October 15, 2013. The first Rogue built at Smyrna was also the 10 millionth vehicle produced at the Smyrna plant. In 2020, Smyrna took over production of the Murano from Canton and ended production of the Altima, which was consolidated in Canton, MS. In late summer 2023, Maxima production ended. In November 2024, Leaf production in Smyrna ended. Smyrna has the largest production capacity of any single vehicle assembly plant in the US at 640,000 units per year. Smyrna has produced over 15 million vehicles. <br> Past models:<br> Nissan Pickup (720/Hardbody [D21]) 1983-1997, Frontier [D22/D40] 1998-2012, Sentra 1985-1999, 200SX [B14] 1995-1998, Altima 1993-2020,<br> Xterra 2000-2012, Maxima 2004-2014, 2016-2023,<br> Leaf EV 2013-2025, Infiniti JX35 2013,<br> Suzuki Equator 2009-2012 |- |N |Nissan Canton Vehicle Assembly Plant |[[w:Canton, Mississippi|Canton, Mississippi]] |2003 |Nissan Altima 2005-,<br> Frontier [D40/D41] 2012- |This was the first automotive assembly plant in MS. Began production on May 27, 2003 with the Quest minivan. Armada production began on August 14, 2003 followed by Titan production on September 21, 2003. On January 20, 2004, production began on the Infiniti QX56, the first Infiniti built outside Japan. Altima production began in Canton on June 2004, supplementing production at Smyrna. On January 19, 2011, Canton began production of the Nissan NV full-size van. In November 2012, Canton took over production of the Frontier and Xterra from Smyrna, TN. In July 2013, Sentra production was added, supplementing production at Aguascalientes, Mexico. Sentra production at Canton ended in 2014. On November 5, 2014, Canton began production of the Murano. Canton has produced over 5 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Nissan Quest 2004-2009,<br> Titan 2004-2024, Armada 2004-2015, Xterra 2012-2015, NV 1500/2500/3500 2012-2021, Sentra 2013-2014, Murano 2015-2020, Infiniti QX56 2004-2010 |- |1-9 (Subaru)<br><br>4 (Isuzu,<br>Honda,<br>Holden),<br><br> R (Toyota) |[[w:Subaru of Indiana Automotive|Subaru of Indiana Automotive]] (Formerly Subaru-Isuzu Automotive) <br> [SIA] |[[w:Lafayette, Indiana|Lafayette, Indiana]] |1989 |Subaru Ascent 2019-,<br> Crosstrek 2.5-liter 2024-, <br> Forester 2026-, Forester Hybrid 2026-, <br> Evoltis (For export: 2021-) |Originally, a 51/49 joint venture between Subaru and Isuzu. Production began on September 11, 1989 for both Subaru (Legacy) and Isuzu (Pickup). The plant was set up with 2 assembly lines - 1 for Subaru & 1 for Isuzu. In October 1990, production of the Isuzu Rodeo SUV began. The Isuzu line also built the Honda Passport, a rebadged Isuzu Rodeo, beginning November 16, 1993. Isuzu also built the Holden Frontera, a rhd rebadge of the 2nd gen. Isuzu Rodeo for export to GM Holden in Australia and New Zealand. In 1994, Isuzu ended pickup production at SIA to make more room for production of Rodeo and Passport SUVs. On January 8, 1998, production of the Isuzu Amigo began. The Amigo was renamed Rodeo Sport for 2001 and discontinued after 2003. On January 15, 2001, production of the Isuzu Axiom began. In January 2002, Honda Passport production ended at SIA and Honda replaced the Passport with the Honda developed and built Pilot. As of January 2003, Subaru bought Isuzu's share of the plant and it became 100% owned by Subaru. Plant was renamed Subaru of Indiana Automotive. Isuzu production continued until July 23, 2004 under a contract manufacturing deal. Subaru then made an alliance with Toyota and built the Camry under contract for Toyota from February 28, 2007 through May 27, 2016. The Camry was built on what had been the Isuzu line. After Camry production ended, Subaru began to use both lines to produce Subaru models. In March 1994, SIA began production of the 2nd gen. Legacy as a 1995 model. For the first time, all Legacy models sold in North America were now built in the U.S. On August 29, 1994, SIA began production of the first Legacy Outback. In July 1995, Subaru opened an engine plant at the SIA complex, assembling Subaru flat-4 engines for Subaru models built at the SIA plant. For 2000, the Subaru Outback became a separate model line. The Subaru Baja began production at SIA on July 18, 2002. Baja production ended in April 2006. The Subaru B9 Tribeca began production at SIA on April 4, 2005. The B9 Tribeca was updated and renamed Tribeca for 2008. Tribeca production ended in January 2014. The Subaru Impreza began production at SIA on November 1, 2016. The Subaru Ascent began production on May 7, 2018. The Subaru Ascent is exported to the Philippines and some Latin American countries as the Evoltis. Impreza production at SIA ended in May 2023 and was replaced by the Crosstrek. The Subaru Crosstrek (only models with 2.5-liter engine) began production at SIA on May 9, 2023. Legacy production ended on September 12, 2025. Outback production ended on October 3, 2025. SIA has produced 3,414,002 Outback vehicles. SIA began production of the Forester on October 7, 2025. SIA began production of the Forester Hybrid on February 3, 2026. This is the first time SIA is building a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). The first hybrid produced was a 2026 Forester Hybrid Premium. All US-market Foresters are now made in the US. SIA has produced over 8 million vehicles in total and over 6 million Subaru-brand vehicles. The 8 millionth was a 2026 Subaru Forester Wilderness produced on November 21, 2025. <br> Past models: Subaru Legacy 1990-2025,<br> Legacy Outback 1995-1999, Outback 2000-2025,<br> Baja 2003-2006, B9 Tribeca 2006-2007,<br> Tribeca 2008-2014, Impreza 2017-2023,<br> Isuzu Pickup (TF-series) 1990-1994, Rodeo 1991-2004, Amigo 1998-2000, Rodeo Sport 2001-2003,<br> Axiom 2002-2004, Honda Passport 1994-2002,<br> Holden Frontera (UE/MX) (1999-2003) [For export],<br> Toyota Camry (gas-only) 2007-2016 |- |H |[[w:Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama|Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama]] [HMMA] |[[w:Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery, Alabama]] |2005 |Hyundai Santa Fe 2007-2010,<br> Santa Fe Sport 2017-2018,<br> Santa Fe (gas-only) 2019-,<br> Santa Fe Hybrid 2023-,<br> Tucson (gas-only) 2022-,<br> Santa Cruz 2022-,<br> Genesis Electrified GV70 [EV] 2023-2026,<br> Genesis GV70 (gas-only) 2024- |The first Korean automotive assembly plant in the US. Began production in May 2005 with the Sonata. There is also an onsite engine plant, which also opened in May 2005. The engine plant first built Hyundai's Lambda <br> 3.3L V6. In September 2008, HMMA began production of 4-cylinder engines with the 2.4L Theta II engine on a 2nd engine production line. HMMA later added the 2.0L Turbo version of the Theta II 4-cylinder. The 1st engine line ended Lambda V6 production in 2011 and switched to producing 1.8L Nu 4-cylinder engines. Later, the 2.0L version of the Nu 4-cylinder was also made by HMMA. In May 2019, HMMA opened a new building to make cylinder heads for the engines that it builds. In 2019-2020, both engine lines switched to Hyundai's newer Smartstream engines (1.6L T-GDI, 2.0L Atkinson, 2.5L GDI, & 2.5L T-GDI). HMMA also supplies engines to Kia's plants in West Point, GA and Pesqueria, Mexico. Santa Fe production originally began on April 18, 2006. In August 2010, Santa Fe production ended at the Hyundai plant in AL and was moved to the Kia plant in GA. Elantra production began in November 2010. On June 22, 2016, Santa Fe production restarted at the Hyundai plant in AL with the Santa Fe Sport. The Santa Fe Sport was renamed Santa Fe for 2019. In February 2021, Tucson production began. In June 2021, Santa Cruz production began. In February 2022, Sonata production in Montgomery ended. In October 2022, production of the Santa Fe Hybrid began. In February 2023, production of the battery electric-powered Genesis Electrified GV70 began. The Electrified GV70 was Hyundai Motor Group's first US-built electric vehicle and the first US-built Genesis model. In May 2023, production of the gas-powered Genesis GV70 began. In May 2023, Elantra production in Montgomery ended. In May 2025, Electrified GV70 production ended. HMMA has produced over 6 million vehicles.<br> Past models:<br> Hyundai Sonata 2006-2022,<br> Elantra sedan 2011-2023 |- |G |[[w:List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities#Georgia Plant (KMMG)|Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia]] [KMMG] |[[w:West Point, Georgia|West Point, Georgia]] |2009 |Kia Sorento (gas-only) 2011-,<br> Telluride (gas-only) 2020-2025, 2027-, Telluride Hybrid 2027-,<br> Sportage (gas-only) 2023-,<br> EV6 (not GT model) 2025-, EV9 2025- |Production began on Nov. 16, 2009 with the 2011 Sorento, which went on sale in January 2010. On September 28, 2010, KMMG began production of the Hyundai Santa Fe. On Sept. 2, 2011, KMMG began production of the Kia Optima. The Optima was replaced by the K5 for 2021. In 2018, Kia ended production of the Hyundai Santa Fe, which was consolidated in Hyundai's plant in AL. In January 2019, Telluride production began. On February 1, 2022, KMMG began production of the Sportage. In 2024, K5 production at KMMG ended. On May 30, 2024, KMMG began EV production with the EV9. In early 2025, KMMG began production of the EV6. KMMG has produced over 4.6 million vehicles. <br> Past models: <br> Kia Optima 2012-2020, K5 2021-2024,<br> Hyundai Santa Fe 2011-2012,<br> Santa Fe Sport 2013-2018 |- |Y |[[w:Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America|Hyundai Motor Group Metaplant America]] |[[w:Ellabell, Georgia|Ellabell, Georgia]] |2024 |Hyundai Ioniq 5 2025-, Ioniq 9 2026-,<br> Kia Sportage Hybrid 2026- |Began production on October 3, 2024 with the Ioniq 5 EV. Production of the Ioniq 9 EV began in March 2025. Kia Sportage Hybrid production began on June 2, 2026, marking the first time that a Kia is built at the Ellabell plant. This is also the first hybrid and the first vehicle that is not fully electric to be built at the Ellabell plant or Metaplant. |- |C |[[w:Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant|Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant]] |[[w:Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga, Tennessee]] |2011 |VW Atlas 2018-,<br> Atlas Cross Sport 2020-,<br> ID.4 [EV] 2023-2026,<br> Teramont (For export: 2019-),<br> Teramont Cross Sport (For export: 2021-) |This plant marked a return to US vehicle production for VW. VW's last US assembly plant, Westmoreland Assembly in New Stanton, PA, had closed in July 1988. Production began in Chattanooga on April 18, 2011 with the 2012 Passat. On December 14, 2016, the Atlas began production. The Atlas is also exported to Mexico, Colombia, the Middle East, and other markets, where it is sold as the Teramont. In October 2019, the Atlas Cross Sport began production. The Atlas Cross Sport is also exported to Mexico, where it is sold as the Teramont Cross Sport. In December 2021, the Passat ended production in Chattanooga. The last Passat to come off the line was a 2022 Passat Limited Edition in Platinum Grey. On July 26, 2022, the ID.4 began production in Chattanooga. This is the first electric VW to be made in the US. <br> Past models: VW Passat 2012-2022 |- |L, 0, 9 |[[w:BMW in the United States|BMW Manufacturing Corp. Plant Spartanburg]] |[[w:Greer, South Carolina|Greer, South Carolina]] |1994 |BMW X5 2000-, X6 2008-,<br> X3 2011-,<br> X7 2019-, Alpina XB7 2021-2026,<br> XM 2023- |This was BMW’s first full assembly plant (not assembling from knock-down kits) outside of Germany. Production began on September 8, 1994 with the 318i sedan.<br> Z3 roadster production began on September 20, 1995. BMW ended 3-series sedan production at Spartanburg in 1996 to focus on production of the Z3, which was not made anywhere else in the world. In January 1997, the first US-built BMW M model was built with the Z3-based M Roadster. In January 1998, the Z3 coupe began production along with its M version, the M Coupe.<br> On September 1, 1999, SUV production began at Spartanburg with the X5, BMW's first SUV. The last Z3, a roadster, was built on June 28, 2002. On October 22, 2002, the Z4 roadster began production. On January 8, 2006, the Z4 M Roadster began production. On April 4, 2006, the Z4 coupe began production along with its <br> M version, the Z4 M Coupe. On September 22, 2006, the final 1st gen. X5 was built. On September 28, 2006, the 2nd gen. X5 began production. On December 3, 2007, the X6 began production. On August 28, 2008, the final 1st gen. Z4, a roadster, was built at Spartanburg. The 2nd gen. Z4 was built in Regensburg, Germany. On September 1, 2010, the X3 began production at Spartanburg with the 2nd gen. (the 1st gen. was imported from Austria). On August 1, 2013, the 3rd gen. X5 began production. On April 1, 2014, X4 production began. On August 1, 2014, the 2nd gen. X6 began production. On December 1, 2014, the first X5 M and <br> X6 M began production, the first M SUVs. In December 2018, the X7 began production. In April 2019, the first <br> X3 M and X4 M began production. On December 1, 2022, production of the XM began. A stamping plant was added in 2024. BMW has expanded the plant 7 times and Spartanburg is now BMW's largest plant in the world. BMW has produced over 7 million vehicles at Spartanburg.<br> Past models:<br> BMW 3-Series sedan 1995-1996 (318i '95-'96, 328i '96),<br> Z3 1996-2002, Z4 2003-2008, X4 2015-2025 |- |A, B, U (when VIN begins with 4JG or 55S) |[[w:Mercedes-Benz U.S. International|Mercedes-Benz U.S. International]] [MBUSI] |[[w:Vance, Alabama|Vance, Alabama]] |1997 |Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class wagon 2016-, GLE-Class Coupe 2016-2019, 2021-,<br> GLS-Class 2017-, EQE-Class SUV 2023-,<br> EQS-Class SUV 2023- |In February 1997, production began with the M-Class ML320. In 2005, production of the R-Class began. In 2006, production of the GL-Class began. The R-Class was discontinued in North America after 2012 and in Europe and most other markets after 2013 but it was still sold in China. In June 2014, passenger car production began at Vance for the first time with the C-Class sedan. In late July 2015, the R-Class ended production in AL and was moved to AM General's Commercial plant in Mishawaka, IN for export to China. R-Class production began at the AM General plant on August 11, 2015.<br> R-Class production ended at the AM General plant in September 2017. In April 2015, production began of the GLE-Class Coupe. For 2016, the M-Class was renamed GLE-Class. For 2017, the GL-Class was renamed GLS-Class. In 2020, Vance ended production of the C-Class sedan. In September 2020, Vance began production of the Mercedes-Maybach GLS 600, the first time an ultra-luxury Maybach model was made in the US. In August 2022, EV production began with the EQS-Class SUV. In December 2022, production of the EQE-Class SUV began. In 2023, production of the first electric Maybach began with the Mercedes-Maybach EQS680 SUV. Mercedes has produced over 5 million vehicles at Vance. <br> Past models: Mercedes-Benz M-Class 1998-2015,<br> R-Class 2006-2015, GL-Class 2007-2016,<br> C-Class sedan 2015-2020 |- |T |Mercedes-Benz Vans Charleston |[[w:Ladson, South Carolina|Ladson, South Carolina]] |2018 (start of CKD assembly) |Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2019-,<br> eSprinter 2024- |This plant was originally opened by Western Star to build heavy trucks in 1999, which is before Western Star was taken over by Daimler. After the Daimler takeover in 2000, Daimler/Freightliner transferred the plant to their fire truck brand American LaFrance. When American LaFrance was sold off in 2005, Daimler/Freightliner kept the Ladson plant. However, American LaFrance was allowed to continue to use the plant until early 2007. The Ladson plant was then converted to assemble Sprinter vans, which were moved to Ladson from the Freightliner Custom Chassis plant in Gaffney, SC that had been assembling Sprinter vans from 2001-2006. The 2007-2018 Freightliner Sprinter, 2007-2009 Dodge Sprinter, 2010-2018 Mercedes Sprinter, and the 2016-2023 Mercedes Metris were assembled at this plant from imported SKD kits but their VINs did not reflect that. As such, their plant codes referred to plants in other countries where the knock-down kits came from such as Germany (Sprinter) or Spain (Metris). For the '19 Sprinter, the plant was upgraded and enlarged to do more of the assembly work than before (CKD instead of only SKD). A body shop and a paint shop were added and the final assembly area was expanded. <br> Past models: Freightliner Sprinter 2019-2021 |- |G |[[w:List of Volvo Car production plants|Volvo Car US Operations ]](VCCH=Volvo Car Charleston Plant) |[[w:Ridgeville, South Carolina|Ridgeville, South Carolina]] |2018 |Volvo EX90 2025-, Polestar 3 2025-, Volvo XC60 2027- |Began production in August 2018 with the S60 sedan. On June 5, 2024, EX90 production began. S60 production ended in late June 2024. On August 14, 2024, Volvo's US plant began producing the Polestar 3.<br> Past models: Volvo S60 2019-2025 |} Note: PHEV=Plug-in hybrid, rhd=right-hand drive, CKD=complete knock-down kit, SKD=semi knock-down kit ==Former US production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |Z |[[w:NUMMI|NUMMI]] |[[w:Fremont, California|Fremont, California]] |1984/2010 |Toyota Corolla FX/FX16 3-d (1987-1988) (E80), <br> Toyota Corolla sedan (1989-2010) (E90/E100/E110/E130/E140),<br> Toyota Pickup (1992-1995),<br> Toyota Tacoma (1995-2010),<br> Toyota Voltz (For export: '02-'04),<br> Chevrolet Nova (1985-1988),<br> Geo Prizm (1989-1997),<br> Chevrolet Prizm (1998-2002),<br> Pontiac Vibe (2003-2010) |Operated from 1963-1982 as a GM factory. From 1984-2010, operated as New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. (NUMMI), which was a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Toyota and assembled both GM and Toyota vehicles. First vehicle produced was a yellow Chevrolet Nova in December 1984. First Toyota produced was a Corolla FX16 3-d hatchback in September 1986. This was followed by the Corolla FX 3-d hatchback in February 1987. Nova and Corolla FX production ended in September 1988. That same month, NUMMI began producing the Toyota Corolla 4-door sedan. Geo Prizm production began in November 1988. In August 1991, Toyota pickup production began with the Regular Cab 4x2. The 4x4 followed in February 1992 ant the Xtracab followed in March 1993. Tacoma pickup production began in January 1995, replacing the previous unnamed Toyota pickup model. Prizm production ended in December 2001. In January 2002, Pontiac Vibe production began. In June 2002, production began of the Toyota Voltz, a rhd version of the Pontiac Vibe built for export to Japan. In February 2004, Toyota Voltz production ended. In September 2004, the 2nd generation Tacoma pickup began production. Pontiac Vibe production ended on August 17, 2009, ending GM production at Fremont. Tacoma pickup production ended March 26, 2010. The last vehicle built at NUMMI, a red Corolla sedan, was built April 1, 2010. NUMMI produced 7.74 million vehicles (just under 5.7 million Toyota brand vehicles and a little more than 2.04 million GM brand vehicles). The plant was sold to Tesla in May 2010. Tesla only bought 210 of the total 370 acres owned by NUMMI. Tesla also bought $15 million worth of equipment and parts from the former NUMMI plant. Tesla took possession of the plant in October 2010. Tesla began production at Fremont in June 2012 with the Model S. |- |5 |[[w:Flat Rock Assembly Plant|Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA/AutoAlliance International]] |[[w:Flat Rock, Michigan|Flat Rock, Michigan]] |1987/2012 (Year of Mazda withdrawal from plant and end of Mazda production) |Mazda MX-6 (1988-1997),<br> 626 (1990-2002), Mazda 6 (2003-2013), Ford Probe (1989-1997),<br> Mercury Cougar (1999-2002),<br> Ford Cougar (For export: 1999-2002),<br> Ford Mustang (Gen 5) (2005-2014) |Built at the site of the closed Ford Michigan Casting Center (1972-1981), which cast various parts for Ford including V8 engine blocks and heads for Ford 335, 385, & FE/FT series engines as well as transmission, axle, & steering gear housings and gear cases. Mazda bought the closed plant from Ford and converted it into a vehicle assembly plant. Reopened in 1987 as Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA, a Mazda subsidiary. First vehicle produced was an MX-6 on September 1, 1987. Ford Probe production began in 1988. Mazda 626 production began in 1989. On April 15, 1992, Ford bought 50% of the plant from Mazda, turning the plant into a 50/50 joint venture. Mazda Motor Manufacturing USA was then renamed AutoAlliance International on July 1, 1992. Mercury Cougar production began in 1998. The Mercury Cougar was also built for export markets such as Europe and Australia as the Ford Cougar. In 2002, production of the Mazda 6 began in order to replace the previous 626 while Mercury Cougar production ended on August 9. In September 2004, the Ford Mustang began production at the Flat Rock plant. On August 24, 2012, the last Mazda 6 was built in Flat Rock, thus ending Mazda production at the Flat Rock plant. On September 10, 2012, Ford renamed the plant Flat Rock Assembly Plant and Ford took full management control of the plant.[https://web.archive.org/web/20121112164832/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=37067] Ford continues to operate the Flat Rock Assembly Plant and continues to build the Mustang there. Since Mazda ended production in Flat Rock, Ford also produced the 2014-2016 Ford Fusion and the 2017-2020 Lincoln Continental at the Flat Rock plant. |- |E |[[w:Diamond-Star Motors|Diamond-Star Motors/Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America/Mitsubishi Motors North America Manufacturing Division]] |[[w:Normal, Illinois|Normal, Illinois]] |1988/2015 (end of Mitsubishi production) |Mitsubishi Eclipse (1990-2012),<br> Mirage sedan (1991-1992),<br> Galant (1994-2012),<br> Endeavor (2004-2011),<br> Outlander Sport/RVR (2013-2015),<br> Plymouth Laser (1990-1994),<br> Eagle Talon (1990-1998),<br> Eagle Summit sedan (1991-1992), Chrysler Sebring Coupe (1995-2005), Dodge Avenger (1995-2000),<br> Dodge Stratus Coupe (2001-2005) |Originally established as Diamond-Star Motors, a 50/50 joint venture between Chrysler and Mitsubishi which assembled both Chrysler and Mitsubishi vehicles. Production began in September 1988. In October 1991, Chrysler sold its 50% stake in the plant to Mitsubishi but production for Chrysler continued under contract. On May 24, 1993, production of the Galant began at the Diamond-Star plant. In July 1995, the plant was renamed Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America. In January 2002, the plant was renamed Mitsubishi Motors North America Manufacturing Division. In January 2003, production of the Mitsubishi Endeavor began, the first SUV built at the Mitsubishi plant. In February 2005, production of vehicles for Chrysler ended. All further production was only of Mitsubishi-branded vehicles. In mid-2012, the plant began producing the Mitsubishi Outlander Sport. The Outlander Sport is sold as the RVR in Canada. On November 30, 2015, vehicle production ended. The Mitsubishi plant produced 3,283,549 vehicles. The plant continued to produce replacement parts until May 2016, when the plant closed completely. In June 2016, the plant was sold to liquidation firm Maynards Industries. In January 2017, EV startup Rivian Automotive bought the former Mitsubishi plant. Rivian began production at the Normal, IL plant in September 2021 with the R1T electric pickup. |- |V (1981-1989) |[[w:Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly|Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly]] |[[w:East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|East Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]] |1978/1988 |VW Rabbit 1979-1984,<br> Rabbit GTI 1983-1984,<br> Rabbit Pickup 1980-1983,<br> Golf/GTI 1985-1989, Jetta 1987-1988 |First foreign-brand auto assembly plant in the US since before WWII. In 1968, Chrysler had announced construction of a new plant near New Stanton, PA. In 1969, Chrysler halted construction. Volkswagen bought the unfinished New Stanton plant from Chrysler in October 1976 and renamed it Westmoreland Assembly, after the county in which it was located. The plant was an empty shell so VW had to finish its construction. In April 1978, production of the gas-powered VW Rabbit hatchback began. The first car built was a white Rabbit 3-d hatchback. Diesel-powered models were added to the PA production line for 1980 as was the Rabbit Pickup in October 1979. For 1981, Canada began sourcing the Rabbit from the Westmoreland plant. Production of the Rabbit GTI was added in fall 1982 for the 1983 model year. Rabbit Pickup production ended in 1983. Rabbit production ended on June 15, 1984 and was replaced by the 2nd generation Golf, which began production on August 23, 1984. The 1 millionth vehicle was produced on November 14, 1985. Jetta production began on October 6, 1986. On September 21, 1987, Westmoreland began making its own Jetta bodyshells instead of sourcing them from Puebla, Mexico. In November 1987, VW announced plans to close the plant. On March 30, 1988, Jetta production ended. The last Jetta was a red 4-d sedan. VW production at Westmoreland ended on July 14, 1988. The last car built was a white 1989 Golf 3-d hatchback. A total of 1,197,411 vehicles were built. In 1994, its VIN ID code (plant code) was reassigned to the Palmela, Portugal plant. The Westmoreland production line and tooling were crated and shipped to FAW-VW in Changchun, China. The 2nd gen. Jetta started production in China in 1991 using production equipment and tooling from Westmoreland. From 1991 to 2012, over 3 million 2nd gen. Jettas were produced in China. Sony took over the Westmoreland plant in 1990 to manufacture televisions and picture tubes for TVs. Sony ended manufacturing at the plant in 2009 although repair and logistics operations continued through March 2010. Aquion Energy occupied the site from 2014-2017, making sodium-ion batteries. The property is now the RIDC (Regional Industrial Development Corp.) Westmoreland Innovation Center, a multi-use development occupied by multiple tenants including Siemens, Westmoreland County Community College’s Advanced Technology Center, Intervala, DNP IMS America, City Brewery, and Cenveo. PennSTART, a closed loop, state-of-the-art test track and research facility for emerging transportation technologies, autonomous technology companies, and traffic incident management training is also using part of the site. |} Note: rhd=right-hand drive ==Current Canadian production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/province !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |C |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada - Cambridge]] |[[w:Cambridge, Ontario|Cambridge, Ontario]] |1988 |Lexus RX 2004-, RX Hybrid 2015-,<br> Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2026-,<br> Lexus NX (gas/hybrid) 2022- |Toyota's 1st assembly plant in Canada.<br> Has 2 assembly lines: the original South plant and <br> the North plant, which was added in 1997.<br> The South plant began production on November 30, 1988 with the Corolla sedan. Engine production at Cambridge began on October 2, 1995 with 1.6L (4A-FE) & 1.8L (7A-FE) 4-cylinder engines for the Corolla. On August 5, 1997, production begins at the North plant with the Corolla sedan, which moved over from the South plant. On June 29, 1998, the South plant begins production of the Camry Solara coupe. On February 21, 2000, the South plant begins production of the Camry Solara convertible. On January 3, 2002, the North plant begins production of the Matrix. On December 20, 2002, the South plant ends production of the Camry Solara, which is transferred to Georgetown, KY for its 2nd generation 2004 model. On September 26, 2003, the Lexus RX begins production at the South plant with the RX330. This makes Cambridge the first plant outside Japan to build a Lexus model. In December 2007, engine production at Cambridge ended and was moved to Buffalo, WV. On March 26, 2014, the South plant begins production of the Lexus RX Hybrid with the RX450h. On March 30, 2022, the North plant began production of the Lexus NX. This makes Cambridge the first plant outside Japan to build 2 Lexus models. <br> Past models: Toyota Corolla sedan 1989-2019,<br> Camry Solara 1999-2003,<br> Matrix 2003-2013 & 2014 in Canada,<br> RAV4 (gas-only) 2019-2025 |- |W |[[w:Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada|Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada - Woodstock]] |[[w:Woodstock, Ontario|Woodstock, Ontario]] |2008 |Toyota RAV4 Hybrid 2019- |On November 3, 2008, Woodstock, also known as the West plant, begins production with the RAV4. On May 22, 2012, the RAV4 EV, powered by a Tesla motor and Panasonic battery, begins production. The RAV4 EV ended production in August 2014. <br> Past models: Toyota RAV4 EV 2012-2014,<br> RAV4 (gas-only) 2009-2025 |- |H |[[w:Honda of Canada Manufacturing|Honda of Canada Manufacturing - Alliston Auto Plant]] |[[w:Alliston, Ontario|Alliston, Ontario]] |1986 |Honda Civic 4-d sedan 1996-,<br> Civic Si 4-d 2007-2015, 2017-2020, 2022-<br> Civic Hybrid sedan 2025-,<br> CR-V 2012-, CR-V Hybrid 2023- |The first Japanese automotive assembly plant in Canada. Plant 1 began production in November 3, 1986 with the Accord sedan. Accord production in Canada ended in 1988. Civic production began in 1988 with the 3-d hatchback. In 1992, the Civic 2-d coupe began production. Acura production began in 1996 with the Canada-only EL sedan. Plant 2 opened on September 30, 1998, building the 1999 Odyssey. The 2nd gen. Odyssey was also built for export to Japan with right-hand drive as the Honda LaGreat. In 2000, Plant 2 began production of the Acura MDX. The 1st gen. Acura MDX was also exported to Japan and Australia with right-hand drive as the Honda MDX. In 2002, Plant 2 began production of the Pilot. The 1st gen. Pilot was also exported to the Middle East as the Honda MR-V.<br> In 2004, Odyssey production ended at Alliston and was consolidated in Lincoln, AL. In 2005, Plant 2 began production of the Ridgeline. In 2005, the Acura EL ended production and was replaced with the CSX, also Canada-only. In 2007, Pilot production ended at Alliston and was consolidated in Lincoln, AL. In April 2007, Civic sedan production was added to Plant 2, the first time Plant 2 had ever built a passenger car. In 2008, an engine plant was added to the Alliston complex, making 4-cylinder engines for the Civic. In 2009, Ridgeline production ended at Alliston and was moved in Lincoln, AL. On December 16, 2009, Plant 2 began production of the Acura ZDX. In 2011, the CSX ended production. On January 23, 2012, Plant 2 began production of the CR-V. On March 28, 2013, the MDX ended production at Alliston and was moved in Lincoln, AL. The ZDX also ended production in 2013 and was discontinued. Civic sedan production at Plant 2 ended in 2015 with the 9th gen. Civic (the 10th gen. was only made at Plant 1). Plant 2 now focused solely on CR-V production. In 2022, Plant 2 began production of the CR-V Hybrid. In 2024, Plant 1 began production of the Civic Hybrid sedan. Over 10 million vehicles have been produced at Alliston. <br> Past models: Honda Accord 4-d sedan 1987-1988,<br> Civic 3-d hatchback 1988-2000,<br> Civic Si 3-d hatchback 1989-1995,<br> Civic 2-d coupe 1993-1995, 2006-2020,<br> Civic Si 2-d coupe 2006-2015, 2017-2020<br> Odyssey 1999-2004, Pilot 2003-2007,<br> Ridgeline 2006-2009,<br> Acura EL 1997-2005 (Canada only),<br> Acura CSX 2006-2011 (Canada only),<br> Acura MDX 2001-2013, ZDX 2010-2013,<br> Honda LaGreat (For export: 1999-2004),<br> Honda MDX (For export: 2003-2006),<br> Honda MR-V (For export: 2003-2005) |- |} ==Former Canadian production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/province !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |6 |[[w:CAMI Automotive|CAMI Automotive]] |[[w:Ingersoll, Ontario|Ingersoll, Ontario]] |1989/2009 (end of Suzuki production & ownership of plant) |Suzuki Swift 1991, 1993-2001,<br> Suzuki Sidekick 1990-1998,<br> Suzuki Vitara 1999-2004,<br> Suzuki XL7 2007-2009,<br> Geo Metro 1990-1997,<br> Chevrolet Metro 1998-2001,<br> Pontiac Firefly (Canada only) <br> (1991, 1994-2001),<br> Geo Tracker 1990-1997,<br> Chevrolet Tracker 1998-2004,<br> Asuna Sunrunner (Canada only) (1992-1993), Pontiac Sunrunner (Canada only) (1994-1998),<br> Chevrolet Equinox 2005-2022,<br> Pontiac Torrent 2006-2009, <br> GMC Terrain 2010-2017 |Originally, a 50/50 joint venture between GM and Suzuki called CAMI Automotive, Inc. CAMI originally stood for Canadian Automotive Manufacturing Inc. Began production in April 1989 on the SUV line (Tracker) and in November 1989 on the car line (Metro). In the 1st gen., only Metro hatchbacks were made at CAMI. The convertible was always imported from Japan. Only the Suzuki Swift 3-d hatchback was made at CAMI; 1st gen. 5-d hatchbacks and 4-d sedans were all imported from Japan. 4-door versions of the Suzuki Sidekick began to be made at CAMI for 1994. In 1994, the 2nd gen. 1995 Geo Metro and its twin, the Suzuki Swift, began production at CAMI. For 1996, the Geo Tracker added a 4-door version, which was made by CAMI. The 1996-1998 Suzuki Sidekick Sport, which had a 1.8-liter engine and a slightly different appearance, was not built by CAMI. For 1998, GM eliminated Geo and the Geo Metro and Tracker became Chevrolet Metro and Tracker. In 1998, the 2nd gen. 1999 Chevrolet Tracker and its twin, the Suzuki Vitara, began production at CAMI. The Suzuki Grand Vitara was not built by CAMI. On April 26, 2001, CAMI ended car production as the Chevrolet Metro and Suzuki Swift ended production. After that, only SUVs were produced. On January 27, 2004, the Suzuki-developed Chevrolet Tracker and Suzuki Vitara ended production. On February 20, 2004, CAMI began production of the GM-developed Chevrolet Equinox. On August 2, 2005, CAMI began production of the Pontiac Torrent, a sister model of the 1st gen. Chevrolet Equinox. In August 2006, CAMI began production of the Suzuki XL7, based on the same GM Theta architecture as the Equinox & Torrent. This was the first Suzuki built at CAMI since the Vitara ended production in January 2004. In May 2009, CAMI ended production of the 1st gen. Chevrolet Equinox and the Pontiac Torrent. On May 25, 2009, CAMI began production of the 2nd gen. Chevrolet Equinox followed by its new sister model, the GMC Terrain, on August 10. In May 2009, Suzuki produced its last vehicle at the CAMI plant, an XL7. In December 2009, GM bought Suzuki's share of the plant. In 2011, the sale of Suzuki's half of CAMI to GM was completed and CAMI Automotive, Inc. was renamed GM CAMI Assembly. Since 2011, GM has continued to operate the CAMI plant as a 100% owned factory. Since Suzuki ended production at CAMI, GM continued to produce the GMC Terrain through July 2017 and the Chevy Equinox through April 28, 2022 at the CAMI plant. The 3rd gen. Chevy Equinox began production on January 9, 2017 alongside production of the 2nd gen. Equinox and 1st gen. Terrain, both of which ended production in July 2017. Both the Equinox and Terrain have since been moved to Mexico and since December 5, 2022, CAMI has produced BrightDrop electric delivery vans for GM. |- |B |Hyundai Auto Canada |[[w:Bromont, Quebec|Bromont, Quebec]] |1989/1993 |Hyundai Sonata 1990-1994 |Hyundai's first plant in North America. A deal with Chrysler to supply a rebadged Sonata from Bromont to sell under the Eagle brand was cancelled before it ever started. Launched production in February 1989. Stamping plant added in November 1990. Ended production in September 1993. A plan to switch production to the Elantra never got off the ground. A wheel plant, in Newmarket, Ontario also closed at the same time. Hyundai later sold the Bromont plant site. In 1996, some of the production equipment from Bromont was shipped to Hyundai's then-new plant in India near Chennai and helped to launch the Indian plant. |- |3 (in pos. 7 of VIN 1975-1980 <br> & <br> pos. 11 of VIN <br> 1981-on),<br><br> 8 (in pos. 7 of VIN 1967-1974 140 series) |[[w:Volvo Halifax Assembly|Volvo Halifax Assembly]] |[[w:Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |1967/1987 |Volvo 140 series 1968-1974,<br> 240 series 1975-1988 |Located on Pier 9 in Halifax. Replaced a previous plant located in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The Dartmouth plant was Volvo's 1st plant in Canada, Volvo's first wholly owned plant outside Sweden, and the first non-North American owned automobile assembly plant in North America since before World War II. The Dartmouth plant was leased from Atlantic Sugar Refineries and was a converted former sugar refinery. The Dartmouth plant opened in June 1963 and first built the Volvo "Amazon"<br> 122 S as the Volvo Canadian. Dartmouth later also built the Volvo "Amazon" 123 GT as the Volvo Canadian GT as well as some PV544 models. The Volvo Canadian, based on the 122 S, was built as a 2-d, 4-d, and a wagon. In 1967, production moved to the larger plant at Pier 9 in Halifax. The Pier 9 plant was officially opened on April 14th, 1967. The Pier 9 plant was Volvo's 2nd plant in Canada. Both plants assembled vehicles from complete knock-down (CKD) kits shipped from Sweden. Production ended in early October 1987 with the 1988 240 series. 240 production then ended in Canada and switched to imports while the Pier 9 plant was replaced by the new Bayers Lake plant, which opened in December 1987 to build the 740. |- |3 |[[w:Volvo Halifax Assembly|Volvo Halifax Assembly]]- Bayers Lake Assembly Plant |[[w:Halifax, Nova Scotia|Halifax, Nova Scotia]] |1987/1998 |Volvo 740 1988-1992, 940 1991-1995, 850 1996-1997, S70/V70 1998-1999 |Located in Bayers Lake Business Park in Halifax. Replaced a previous plant located on Pier 9 in Halifax. This was Volvo's 3rd plant in Canada. Plant assembled vehicles from complete knock-down (CKD) kits shipped from Sweden. Production began in late December 1987 with the 740. Production of the 940 began in 1990. 740 production ended in 1992 while 940 production ended in 1995. The plant was then converted to build the 850 for 1996. The 850 sedan and wagon were updated into the S70 sedan and V70 wagon for 1998. Production ended on December 18, 1998. Last vehicle produced was a 1999 S70. |- |} ==Current Mexican production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened ! style="width:260px;"|Current Products ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |M |[[w:TMMBC|TMMBC]] |[[w:Tijuana|Tijuana]], [[w:Baja California|Baja California]] |2004 |Toyota Tacoma 2005- |In September 2004, began making truck beds for Tacoma pickups. In December 2004, began making Tacoma pickups. |- |T |[[w:TMMGT|TMMGT]] |[[w:Apaseo el Grande|Apaseo el Grande]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2019 |Toyota Tacoma 2020- |Began production in December 2019. |- |M |[[w:Honda de México|Honda de México- Celaya Automobile and Engine Plant]] |[[w:Celaya|Celaya]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2014 |Honda HR-V 2016-, Acura ADX 2025- |Celaya is Honda's second automobile plant in Mexico after the El Salto plant. Celaya also makes 4-cylinder engines for the models it builds. Engine production began in 2013 with the 1.5L I4 for the Fit. Celaya now makes the 2.0L engine for the 2nd gen. HR-V. A plant next door makes CVT transmissions since 2015. Celaya began vehicle production on February 22, 2014 with the Fit. HR-V began production in 2015. The Fit ended production in 2020 and was discontinued in North America. The Acura ADX began production in 2025 and is the first Acura built in Mexico. <br> Past models: Honda Fit 2015-2020 |- |L |Nissan Mexicana- A1 plant |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |1992 |Nissan March [K13] 2012- (N/A in US & Can.),<br> Versa [N19] 2026- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Kicks [P16] 2025- |Began production on November 12, 1992. Located next to Nissan's engine plant in Aguascalientes, which began production in 1983. Nissan's newer A2 plant in Aguascalientes is located 4 miles away. Took over all North American Sentra production beginning with the 5th gen. 2000 model until the 7th gen. 2013 model. Began production of the Renault Clio on November 15, 2001. On March 4, 2002, began production of the Nissan Platina, a rebadged Renault Symbol. The Mexican market Tiida is the same as the US & Canadian first gen. Versa. Began production of the Nissan March for the Mexican market and export to Latin America in March 2011. The March was exported to Canada as the Micra for the 2015-2019 model years. The V-Drive is a continuation of the 2nd gen. Versa (N17) sold alongside the 3rd gen. Versa (N18). The Kicks Play is a continuation of the 1st gen. Kicks (P15) sold alongside the 2nd gen. Kicks (P16). The A1 plant has produced over 7.7 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Nissan Sentra 1994-2019,<br> Tsubame [Y10] 1993-2001 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Platina 2002-2010 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Tiida [C11] 2007-2011 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> V-Drive [N17] 2020-2024 (not sold in US & Canada), Versa [C11] 2007-2012, Versa [N17] 2012-2019,<br> Versa [N18] 2020-2025, Versa Note [E12] 2014-2019,<br> Micra [K13] 2015-2019 (Canada only),<br> Kicks [P15] 2018-2024, Kicks Play [P15] 2025,<br> Renault Clio 2002-2009 (not sold in US & Canada) |- |Y |Nissan Mexicana- A2 plant |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |2013 |Nissan Sentra 2014- |Began production on November 12, 2013. Located 4 miles away from Nissan's A1 plant in Aguascalientes. Took over all North American Sentra production beginning with the 8th gen. 2020 model. The A2 plant has produced over 1.8 million vehicles. |- |K |Nissan Mexicana- Cuernavaca plant |[[w:Civac|Civac]] (Ciudad Industrial del Valle de Cuernavaca), [[w:Jiutepec|Jiutepec city]], [[w:Morelos|Morelos state]] |1966 |Nissan NP300 [D23] 2016- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Frontier [D23] 2021- (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Versa 2012- ,<br> |Nissan's first wholly owned plant outside Japan. Began production on May 12, 1966. Production of the 520 pickup, based on the 410-series Bluebird, began in 1967. Line 2 launched production in 1975 and makes pickup trucks, beginning with the 620. In 1978, an engine plant was added but this is no longer in operation. Exports began in 1972 with the 620 pickup. The NV200 van was built on Line 1, as was its twin, the Chevrolet City Express. The NV200, City Express, and some Versas ('12 5-d, '14 & '17-'18 4-d) were the only vehicles made at the Cuernavaca plant to be sold in the US. With the facelift for 2021, the NP300 became Regular Cab only while the NP300 Frontier, renamed as Frontier, became Double Cab (a.k.a. Crew Cab) only. Cuernavaca has built over 6.5 million vehicles. Cuernavaca is slated to close by March 2026.<br> Past models: Datsun Bluebird (410/510), 160J (710), 160J/180J/Samurai (A10), 520 pickup, 620 pickup, Datsun/Nissan 720 pickup (1980-1992),<br> Nissan Tsuru [B11] (1984-1987), Tsuru II [B12] (1988-1991), Tsuru [B13] (1992-2017), Tsuru Samurai [B11] (1985-1987), Ninja Turbo [B11] (1987), Hikari [B12] (1988-1992), Sentra Classic [B12] (Canada: 1991-1993),<br> Lucino [B14] 1996-2000, Tiida [C11] (2007-2018),<br> V-Drive [N17] 2020-2025 (not sold in US & Canada),<br> Tsubame [Y10] 1993-2001, Pickup [D21] (1993-2008),<br> NP300/NP300 Frontier [D22] (2008-2015),<br> NP300 Frontier [D23] (2016-2020), Ichi Van [C120] (1987-1994), NV200 [M20] (2013-2021), Chevrolet <br> City Express (2015-2018), Renault Scenic (2001-2004), Renault Alaskan (only for export) (2017-2020) |- |F (Infiniti),<br> W (Mercedes) |[[w:Cooperation Manufacturing Plant Aguascalientes|COMPAS]] |[[w:Aguascalientes (city)|Aguascalientes city]], [[w:Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes state]] |2017 |Infiniti QX50 2019-2025, Infiniti QX55 2022-2025, Mercedes-Benz GLB-Class 2020-2026 |COMPAS is a 50/50 joint venture between Nissan and Daimler AG (renamed Mercedes-Benz Group in February 2022). The COMPAS plant is part of the same complex as the A2 plant and is at the southern end of the property. The joint venture was formed to build both Infiniti and Mercedes-Benz models. Infiniti production began in November 2017 with the QX50. Mercedes production began in September 2018 with the A-Class sedan. This was followed by the GLB-Class in 2019. In 2020, Mercedes ended A-Class production at COMPAS and shifted its production back to Germany. The QX50 was joined by the QX55 in 2021. Infiniti production ended in November 2025. Mercedes production will end in May 2026. The plant will then close. <br> Past models: Mercedes-Benz A-Class sedan 2019-2020 |- |M (Mazda),<br> Y (Toyota) |[[w:List_of_Mazda_facilities#Production_plants|Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation]] (MMVO) |[[w:Salamanca, Guanajuato|Salamanca]], [[w:Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] |2014 |Mazda 3 2014-,<br> Mazda 2 2015- (not sold in US & Can.),<br> CX-30 2020-,<br> CX-3 2023- (not sold in US & Canada) |Mazda de Mexico Vehicle Operation was originally a 70/30 joint venture between Mazda and Sumitomo Corp. In March 2017, Mazda increased its share to 75%, which reduced Sumitomo to 25%. On November 30, 2020, Mazda agreed to buy out Sumitomo and, effective at the end of March 2021, MMVO became 100% owned by Mazda. Began production on January 7, 2014 with the Mazda 3. In October 2014, began production of the Mazda 2 hatchback. The sedan version of the Mazda 2 was added in 2018 for the Mexican 2019 model year. Production for Toyota began in June 2015 and ended in 2020. MMVO built both 4-d & 5-d versions of the 3rd gen. Mazda3 but only builds 4-d versions of the 4th gen. Mazda 3 because the 4th gen. 5-d was moved to Japan to make room for the CX-30. In September 2019, CX-30 production began. In October 2022, CX-3 production began. MMVO also produces engines onsite (SKYACTIV-G 1.5, SKYACTIV-G 2.0, and <br> SKYACTIV-G 2.5). Engine machining began on <br> October 21, 2014. In 2020, vehicle production <br> surpassed 1 million units. <br> Past models:<br> US market: Scion iA 2016, Toyota Yaris iA 2017-2018, Yaris sedan 2019-2020, Yaris hatchback 2020.<br> Canadian market: Toyota Yaris sedan 2016-2020,<br> Yaris hatchback 2020.<br> Mexican market: Toyota Yaris R 2016-2020. |- |E |[[w:List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities#Monterrey Plant (KMMX)|Kia Motors Manufacturing Mexico]] [KMMX] |[[w:Pesquería|Pesquería]], [[w:Nuevo León|Nuevo León]] |2016 |Kia K3 2024- (not sold in US & Can.),<br> K4 4-d 2025-, K4 5-d 2026-,<br> Hyundai Tucson 2025- |In May 2016, began production of the Kia Forte. In January 2017, added production of the Kia Rio followed later in the year by the Hyundai Accent. The Accent ended production at KMMX in 2022 and was discontinued in North America. The Kia Rio was discontinued in the US and Canada after 2023 but in Mexico, it was replaced by the K3 for 2024. The Kia Forte was replaced by the K4 for 2025. In August 2024, production of the Hyundai Tucson was added for export to the US. Mexican-built Tucsons are not sold in Mexico as Mexico sources the swb version of the Tucson from the Czech Republic for sale in Mexico, while the version built in Mexico is the lwb version of the Tucson sold in the US and Canada. Due to new US tariffs on imports, Hyundai shifted US-market Tucson production from Mexico to HMMA in the US and moved Canadian-market Tucson production from HMMA to Mexico in April 2025. KMMX has produced over 2 million vehicles. <br> Past models: Kia Forte 4-d 2017-2024, Forte5 2017-18, Rio 2018-2023, Hyundai Accent 2018-2022 |- |M |[[w:Volkswagen de México|Volkswagen de México - Puebla plant]] |[[w:Puebla (city)|Puebla (city)]], [[w:Puebla|Puebla state]] |1967 |VW Jetta (Mexico: 1987-, US: 1989-),<br> Tiguan 2018-, Taos 2022- |Began production on October 23, 1967 with the Beetle, known in Mexico as the VW Sedan. VW exported the Beetle to Europe from 1978-1985. On May 15, 1981, the 20 millionth Beetle rolled off the assembly line in Puebla. On June 23, 1992, the 21 millionth Beetle rolled off the line in Puebla. In October 1970, began production of the Combi (T2 Microbus). From 1973, the cargo van version called the Volkswagen Panel was added. In 1988, a luxury variant, the Volkswagen Caravelle, was added. T2 production finally ended in Mexico in 1994. In November 1970, began production of the Safari (Type 181). On March 7, 1973, exports of the Safari to the US began. In The US, the VW Safari were sold as the VW Thing from 1973-1974. These were the first Mexican-built vehicles to be sold in the US. Safari production continued through 1980, though military-spec Type 181 production continued through 1983. In 1974, began production of the Brasilia, an air-cooled, rear-engine 3-d hatchback developed by VW do Brazil. The Brasilia ended production in 1982. In 1976, began production of the VW Hormiga, a small, fwd, light-duty flatbed truck. Production ended in 1978. In 1977, began production of the 1st gen. Golf, sold as the VW Caribe in Mexico. In April 1981, began production of the 1st gen. Jetta, sold as the VW Atlantic in Mexico. Puebla also started making water-cooled engines in April 1981. In December 1984, began production of the B2 Passat, sold as the VW Corsar in Mexico. The Corsar ended production in 1988. The 2nd gen. Golf and Jetta were sold in Mexico under their global names and launched in 1987 with the Golf beginning production in March 1987 and the Jetta in May 1987. In October 1988, VW began producing the Golf and Jetta for export to the US and Canada for the 1989 model year, marking Puebla's first exports to the US since 1974. In the first half of 1995, Puebla began production of the Derby and the Cabrio, the convertible version of the 3rd gen. Golf. Derby ended production in Puebla in 1997 while the Cabrio ended production in Puebla in 2002 and was replaced by the New Beetle convertible for 2003. On October 1, 1997, began production of the New Beetle, which was produced exclusively in Puebla for global markets. Puebla stopped producing the Golf in 1999 in order to make more room for New Beetle production. Golfs began to be imported from Brazil for 2000. On July 30, 2003, production of the classic Beetle (Sedan) finally ended in Puebla, the last factory in the world to still build the original Beetle. In July 2010, production of the New Beetle ended. In July 2011, production of the 3rd gen. Beetle began in Puebla, again the only production site in the world for this model. On July 10, 2019, production of the 3rd gen. Beetle ended. The 5th gen. Jetta was sold in Mexico as the Bora. Beginning with the 5th generation, the Jetta was no longer produced in Europe and Puebla became the main production site. The wagon variant of the 5th gen. Golf/Jetta was only built in Puebla, beginning in the 1st half of 2007. What is sometimes referred to as the 6th gen. Golf/Jetta wagon is actually a facelifted 5th gen. made to look similar to the 6th gen. and it was still only built in Puebla. On January 14, 2014, production began of the 7th gen. Golf. The 7th gen. Golf wagon was again only made in Puebla. The 2nd gen. Tiguan began production in 2017, in LWB form. The LWB version, known in Europe as Tiguan Allspace, is produced in Puebla for all markets except China. The Taos began production in October 2020, replacing the Golf on Puebla's assembly lines. The 3rd gen. Tiguan began production in December 2024. In 2004, Brazilian-developed VW commercial trucks and buses began to be assembled in Puebla in a small warehouse next to the main plant. The VW Worker truck and Volksbus bus chassis were assembled. In 2010, VW truck and bus production moved to a MAN plant in Queretaro. Puebla has built over 14 million vehicles. <br> Past models: VW Beetle (Sedan) (Mexico: 1968-2003, Europe: 1978-1985), Combi (Mexico: 1971-1994),<br> Safari (Mexico: 1971-1980), Thing (US: 1973-1974), Brasilia (Mexico: 1975-82), Hormiga (Mexico: 1976-78), Caribe (Mexico: 1977-1987), Atlantic (Mexico: 1981-87), Corsar (Mexico: 1985-1988), Golf Mk2/3 (Mexico: 1987-1999, US: 1989-1999), Golf Mk7 (US: 2015-2021), Derby (Mexico: 1995-1997), Cabrio (US: 1996-2002), New Beetle 1998-2010, Beetle (Mk3) 2012-2019, Jetta Sportwagen (US: 2009-2014), Golf Sportwagen (US: 2015-2019), Golf Alltrack (US: 2017-2019), Golf Variant (Europe: 2007-2020), City Jetta (Canada: 2007-2009), Clasico (Mexico: 2011-2015), Bora (Mexico: 2006-2010), Tiguan Allspace (Europe: 2018-2024),<br> Worker, Volksbus (Mexico: 2004-2010) |- |2 |Audi Mexico |[[w:San José Chiapa|San José Chiapa]], [[w:Puebla|Puebla state]] |2016 |Audi Q5/SQ5 2018-, <br> Audi Q5/SQ5 Sportback 2021- |Audi's first plant in North America. The plant is 1.5 miles above sea level and is about 43 miles away from sister brand VW's plant in Puebla city. On September 30, 2016, Audi Mexico began production with the 2nd generation Q5 for the 2018 model year. On February 8, 2020, Audi Mexico began production of the Q5 Sportback. In November 2024, Audi Mexico began production of the 3rd generation 2025 Q5. Audi Mexico has produced over 1 million vehicles. |- |8 |BMW SLP |[[w:San Luis Potosí (city)|San Luis Potosí (city)]], [[w:San Luis Potosí|San Luis Potosí state]] |2019 |BMW 3-series sedan 2019- <br> (330i '19-, 330i xDrive '19-, M340i 2020-, M340i xDrive 2021-, 330e 2021-2024, 330e xDrive 2021-2024),<br> 2-series coupe 2022-, M2 2023- |Began production in April 2019 with the 3-series sedan. In August 2020, added production of the 330e plug-in hybrid for the 2021 model year. Beginning with the 2023 model year, the US market started sourcing all 3-series sedans except for the M3 from Mexico. In September 2021, added production of the 2-series coupe. In December 2022, added production of the M2 coupe, the first BMW M model made in Mexico. The G42 2-series coupe & G87 M2 coupe are made exclusively in Mexico for all markets. |- |} ==Former Mexican production facilities== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:60px;"|VIN ! style="width:100px;"|Name ! style="width:80px;"|City/state !style="width:10px;"|Opened/Closed ! style="width:260px;"|Products Built ! style="width:370px;" class="unsortable"|Comments |- |G |[[w:Honda de México|Honda de Mexico - El Salto Automobile Plant]] |[[w:El Salto, Jalisco|El Salto, Jalisco]] |1995/2020 (end of Honda automobile production) |Honda Accord 1996-2007,<br> CR-V 2008-2016, HR-V 2017-2020 |Automobile plant was added next to a Honda Motorcycle plant, which began production in March 1988. Automobile production began in November 1995 with the Accord. In fall 2007, production switched to the CR-V. In 2017, CR-V production ended at El Salto and was transferred to Greensburg, IN while El Salto switched to producing the HR-V, supplementing production at the newer Celaya plant. In 2020, HR-V production ended at <br> El Salto and was consolidated at the Celaya plant. This was the end of automobile production at <br> El Salto, which since then has made service parts for older model vehicles as well as motorcycles and water pumps. Power Products production began in December 2015. |- |} {{BookCat}} tcpd5tjrlix4pzf9clc3ig9vb6np2zh 0 477283 4641060 4621332 2026-06-24T09:30:09Z Xhungab 545789 4641060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Denest}}{{New book}}<div style="text-align: center;"> ''Wikibooks Contributors Present:''<br /><big><big><big>'''Linear Algebra and the C Language'''</big></big></big> <div style="text-align: center;">''This book provides a library for real matrices in C language.''</div> </div> __NOTOC__ The aim of this book is to provide '''real matrices''' in '''C language''', to '''familiarize''' yourself with '''linear algebra'''. '''Start''' by '''downloading the library''' (2 Hours!). The next step is to study the properties and applications, '''once the entire library has been downloaded'''. ---- = Contents = * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0nc|Cover]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a000|Introduction]] {| class="wikitable" |+ |- | {{ambox |type=notice |style=float:right;margin-left:10px;margin-right:0px; |textstyle=padding:5px;font-size:120%;line-height:120%; |small=left |text=This book requires that you are familiar with [[C Programming]].}} || {{ambox |type=notice |style=float:right;margin-left:10px;margin-right:0px; |textstyle=padding:5px;font-size:120%;line-height:120%; |small=left |text=This book requires that you are familiar with [[Linear Algebra]].}} || {{ambox |type=notice |style=float:right;margin-left:10px;margin-right:0px; |textstyle=padding:5px;font-size:120%;line-height:120%; |small=left |text=This book requires that you are familiar with [[Octave Programming]].}} |} = Properties and Applications: ([[#The library|'''The library''']]) {{stage short|100%}} = : : : : {| class="wikitable" |+ |- | ==== Utilities for the C language ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0e4|'''Utilities for the C language''']] {{Book search|float=left|style=image}} || ==== Utilities for Octave ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a04c|'''Basic functions on matrices''']] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0od|'''Write some basic matrices functions.''']] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0no|'''Graphical utilities''']] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a03a|'''Examples of some applications''']] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a04d|'''Write your mathematics functions''']] |- | ==== Working with matrices (M) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ef|'''Create''' a matrix]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0eq|'''Print''' a matrix]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0j0|'''Print''' a matrix to a '''file''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0j1|'''Print''' a matrix for '''Octave:''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ff|'''Copy''' a matrix]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0fg|'''Random''' matrices]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0iq|'''Choose''' Your Values]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0fr|'''Array''' of matrices]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0fv|Print '''row vectors''':]] (M) ==== Basic operations on matrices (M) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a034|'''Basic operations''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0fx|The '''trace''' function]] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0nk|The '''transpose''' function]] (M) * . || ==== Mathematic Applications: (M) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0g4|'''Identity matrix''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0hz|'''Triangular matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ga|'''Commutative matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0gm|'''Similar matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0gn|'''Symmetric matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0i7|'''Skew-symmetric matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0gz|'''Centrosymmetric matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0if|'''Positive-definite matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0il|'''Negative-definite matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0hd|'''Hankel matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0he|'''Toeplitz matrices''']] (M) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0hn|'''Taylor series: Exponential function''']] (M) : ==== Graphics Applications: (M) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0e9|The '''Transformation matrices [R2,C2]''']] (M) |- | === Determinant (Det) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a051|'''Determinant ''']] '''(Det)''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a04z|'''Elementary''' operations]] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a050|'''Intermediate''' functions]] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a06x|Some '''properties''']] (Det) : ==== Graphics Applications: (Det) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a05y|The equation of a '''line''']] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a062|The equation of a '''plan''']] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a066|The equation of a '''parabola''']] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a06a|The equation of a '''circle''']] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a06c|The equation of a '''sphere''']] (Det) : ==== Mathematic Applications: (Det) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a008|The '''adjoint''' function]] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a06m|The '''inverse''' with '''adjoint_mR();''']] (Det) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a002|The '''cross product''' function]] (Det) * . || [[File:Linear Algebra and the C Language.png|thumb| ]] |- | === Gauss-Jordan Total Pivoting (TP) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a074|'''Gauss-Jordan Total Pivoting''']] '''(TP)''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0a1|'''The Inverse''']] (TP) : ==== Applications: (TP) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a076|'''Network analysis''']] (TP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a077|'''Analysis of an electrical circuit''']] (TP) : ==== Graphics Applications: (TP) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a078|The '''coefficients''' of a '''polynomial''']] (TP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a079|The '''coefficients''' of a '''conic''']] (TP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a07a|The '''coefficients''' of a '''circle''']] (TP) : ==== Mathematic Applications: (TP) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0k4| '''Nonlinear''' systems ]] (TP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0kb| '''Choosing''' the '''solutions''' of the system]] (TP) || === Gauss-Jordan Partial Pivoting (PP) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a085|'''Gauss-Jordan Partial Pivoting''']] '''(PP)''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a09s|'''Free Variables''']] (PP) : ==== Applications: (PP) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a086|'''Balancing a chemical equation''']] (PP) : ==== Mathematic Applications: (PP) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a08o|'''Find a basis for ...''']] (PP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a08z|'''Change of basis''']] (PP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ms| Matrix of a '''linear application''']] (PP) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ll|'''Projection''' onto a vector subspace:]] (PP) * . * . * . * . |- | === Dot product (Dp) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ad|'''Dot product''']] '''(Dp)''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0am| Some '''properties''']] (Dp) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ow| Compute '''orthogonal vectors''']] (Dp) : : === Orthonormal matrices (Q) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0bp|'''Orthonormal matrices''']] '''(Q)''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0lg|Some '''properties''']] (Q) : : === QR Decomposition (QR) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0b2|'''QR Decomposition''']] '''(QR)''' : ==== Applications: (QR) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0b7|'''Network analysis''']] (QR) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0c1|'''Analysis of an electrical circuit''']] (QR) : ==== Graphics Applications: (QR) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0c2|The '''coefficients''' of a '''polynomial''']] (QR) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0c3|The '''coefficients''' of a '''conic''']] (QR) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0c4|The '''coefficients''' of a '''circle''']] (QR) * . || === Eigenvalues Eigenvector (eigen) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0d1|'''Eigenvalues Eigenvector''']] '''(eigen)''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0dh| Some '''properties''']] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0lz| Eigenvalues with '''multiplicity''']] (eigen) : ==== Mathematic Applications: (eigen) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0o8|'''Condition number''']] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ch|'''Matrix functions''']] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pj|'''Linear discrete dynamical system''']] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0n8|'''The spectral decomposition''']] (eigen) : ==== Graphics Applications: (eigen) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0cr|The '''Quadratic forms: M[R2,C2]''']] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0cp|The '''Quadratic forms: M[R3,C3]''']] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ox|'''Choose''' your eigenvalues]] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0cl|The '''Projection of a plane ''' (1)]] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0p2|The '''Projection of a plane ''' (2)]] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0cv|The '''Projection of a space ''' (1)]] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0p7|The '''Projection of a space ''' (2)]] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0d0|The '''Projection of an hyperspace ''' (1)]] (eigen) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pe|The '''Projection of an hyperspace ''' (2)]] (eigen) |- | === The singular values (SVD) === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0mn|'''The singular values''']] (SVD) : : === SVD: Rn ≥ Cn === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0dt|'''SVD: Rn ≥ Cn''']] (SVD) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0o3| Some '''properties''']] (SVD) : : === SVD: Cn > Rn === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0e1|'''SVD: Cn > Rn''']] (SVD) * . || === Pseudo-Inverse === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a03k|'''Pseudo-Inverse''']] : ==== Applications: (Pseudo-Inverse) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a04e|'''Network analysis''']] (Left inverse) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a04r|'''Analysis of an electrical circuit''']] (Left inverse) : ==== Graphics Applications: (Pseudo-Inverse) ==== * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a041|The '''coefficients''' of a '''polynomial''']] (Left inverse) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a046|The '''coefficients''' of a '''conic''']] (Left inverse) * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a047|The '''coefficients''' of a '''circle''']] (Left inverse) |} : : = The library {{stage short|100%}} = The library's construction is '''not standard'''. You can '''compile''' the C file '''directly'''. The '''functions''' are in '''the h files'''. * To access to the library, be sure to '''use''' <code>#include "v_a.h"</code> '''in the C source files'''. {| class="wikitable" |+ |- | === Utilities === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a005|Utilities]] === Matrices === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a00f|Creation of matrices]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a00g|Print matrices]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a00h|Random matrices. Copy matrices.]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a00i|Basic operations on matrices]] === Determinant === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a007|Determinant]] * . || === Gauss-Jordan === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a01j|Total Pivoting (TP)]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a01k|Partial Pivoting (PP)]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a01l|Total Pivoting (TP) (Free variables)]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a01w|Partial Pivoting (PP) (Free variables)]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a01n|L'inverse with GaussJordan]] === Dot product === * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a02e|QR. Eigenvalue. Singular value]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a02f|Eigenvector]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a02g|SVD : Matrices with more rows than columns ]] * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a02h|SVD : Matrices with more columns than rows]] |} : : == Gnuplot == * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0gf|Gnuplot]] : :{{alphabetical|L}} {{status|100%}} {{Shelves|Algebra|University level mathematics books|C programming language}} {{BookCat}} s4qti84v050pljc8rvinccuy7pumslt 0 483747 4641002 4640982 2026-06-23T13:34:37Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 5, Engine Type: */ 4641002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car * WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV * WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,<br> S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI) * WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8) * TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS & '12-'13 TT RS) * 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV ===Position 5, Engine Type: === {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83) |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('84) |- | A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 2.8 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A6 sedan 2.8 ('98-'99), A6 Avant 2.8 ('99) |- | A || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 560 hp.<br> Audi RS7 ('17-'18) |- | A || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 532 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 RWS ('18) |- | A || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.0T ('17-'18) |- | B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81] |- | B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85],<br> 5000S ('85-'86) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88) |- | B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 1.8T ('97-'99) |- | B || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 602 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Plus Quattro ('17-'18) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ & '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85) |- | C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89),<br> 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89) |- | C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 1.8T ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 1.8T ('03-'06), TT [180 hp] ('00-'06) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid (Early '14) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('15) |- | C || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi SQ5 ('16-'17) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q3 ('17-'18) |- | D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90) |- | D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('98-'99) |- | D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 2.7T ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('02-'05) |- | D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi A3 3.2 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT 2.3 "Special Build" (Late '87) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91) |- | E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T ('08-'13) |- | F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91) |- | F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 3.7 ('97-'99) |- | F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. <br> Audi A3 2.0T ('06-'08), A4 sedan 2.0T (Mid '05-'08), A4 Avant 2.0T (Mid '05-'08),<br> A4 Cabriolet 2.0T ('07-'09), TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T ('08-'11), A3 2.0T Quattro ('12-'13), A4 sedan 2.0T ('09-'12), A4 sedan 2.0T Fwd ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13),<br> A4 Avant 2.0T ('09-'12), Allroad 2.0T (Early '13), A5 2.0T ('10-'12),<br> A5 Coupe 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'15), A5 Cabriolet 2.0T Fwd ('13-'14),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13), A6 2.0T ('12-'16), TT ('09-'15), Q3 ('15-'16),<br> Q5 2.0T ('11-Early '13) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T (Early prod. '12) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'16), Allroad 2.0T ('13-'16),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'15), Q5 2.0T ('13-'15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 292 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('15) |- | F || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 450 hp.<br> Audi S6 ('17-'18), S7 ('17-'18) |- | G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82) |- | G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81) |- | G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A8 4.2 ('97-'99) |- | G || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 (Mid '05-'06), A6 3.2 ('05-'06) |- | G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15, Early '16), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 3.0T ('09-'16),<br> A7 3.0T ('12-'16), A8 3.0T ('13-'15), Q5 3.0T ('13-'15), SQ5 ('14-'15), Q7 3.0T ('11-'15) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/man. trans. ('16-'17) |- | G || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('16) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('16) |- | H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('00-'01), A6 2.8 ('00-'01) |- | H || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet 3.2 ('07-'09), A6 3.2 ('06-'09) |- | H || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q7 2.0T ('17-'18) |- | J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('10-'13) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('15) |- | K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) |- | K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. <br> Audi A4 sedan 3.2 ('09), A5 3.2 ('08-'10), A6 3.2 ('10-'11), Q5 3.2 ('09-'12) |- | L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A6 4.2 ('00-'04), A8 4.2 ('00-'06) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09),<br> A6 4.2 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro 4.2 ('04-'05) |- | M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine.<br> Audi A6 TDI ('14-'16), A7 TDI ('14-'16), A8 TDI ('14-'15), Q5 TDI ('14-'15), Q7 TDI ('09-'15) |- | M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 190 hp.<br> Audi A4 Ultra 2.0T Fwd ('17-'18) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi A4 2.0T ('17-'18), A4 Allroad ('17-'18), A5 2.0T ('18), Q5 2.0T ('18) |- | P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93) |- | P || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('01) |- | P || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi A3 Sportback e-tron ('16-'18) |- | R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94) |- | R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('05-'09) |- | R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi RS7 performance ('16-'18) |- | R || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 TDI ('16) |- | S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT (Early '00) |- | S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S8 ('16) |- | S || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('18) |- | T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. <br> Audi TT ('01-'06) |- | T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.0 ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 3.0 ('03-'06), A6 3.0 ('02-'04) |- | T || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A6 3.2 ('05) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15) |- | U || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 V10 coupe w/man. trans. (Early '14) [when U in 5th pos. of VIN follows G in 4th pos. of VIN] |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 186 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('17) |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 186 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('18) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 4.2 ('07-'11), A8 4.2 ('07-'12), Q7 4.2 ('07-'10) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi Q5 TDI ('16) |- | W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94) |- | W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi RS3 ('17-'18) |- | W || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi RS5 coupe ('18-'19) |- | X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT ('01-'02) |- | Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.6 ('07-'10) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt.<br> Audi TTS ('10-'15) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 292 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('16-'18), TTS ('16-'18) |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S6 ('13-'16), S7 ('13-'16), RS7 ('14-'16), A8 4.0T ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15) |- | 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/auto. trans. ('16-'17), Q5 2.0T ('16-'17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('17), A7 3.0T ('17) |- | 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('12-'13) |- | 3 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('16-'18) |- | 3 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. Higher Output: 340 hp.<br> Audi A6 3.0T Competition ('17), A6 3.0T ('18), A7 3.0T Competition ('17), A7 3.0T ('18) |- | 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('12-'15) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('16-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('16-'17), A8 3.0T ('16-'18) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('18), S5 ('18), SQ5 ('18) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('16-'17) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('18) |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi S8 plus ('16-'18) |- | 6 || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS5 ('13-'15) |- | 7 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('16) |- | 7 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q5 3.0T ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('13-'15) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('17-'18) |- |} ‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years. ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only *5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts *8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags *2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8) *5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4) *6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4) *3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet) *7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8) *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8) ===Position 7-8, Model Line:=== 1981-2009: *8P = A3 ('06-'09) *81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87) *85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ & '83-'85) *89 = 80/90 ('88-'89) *8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91) *8C = 90 ('93-'95) *8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91) *8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98) *8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02) *8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08) *8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) *8K = A4 ('09) *8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09) *43 = 5000 ('81-'83) *44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91) *4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) *4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) *4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09) *44 = V8 Quattro ('90) *4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94) *4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03) *4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09) *8N = TT ('00-'06) *8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) *42 = R8 ('08-'09) *8R = Q5 ('09) *4L = Q7 ('07-'09) 2010-: *FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13) *FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18 *GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-) *FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16) *F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25) *FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15) *FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15) *F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25] *FU = A5/S5 ('25-) *FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11) *FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18) *FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18) *F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26) *F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26) *FN = A6 ('26-) *GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-) *FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10) *FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18) *F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26) *FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-) *FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13) *FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22) *FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) *FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23) *FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18) *F3 = Q3 ('19-'25) *FJ = Q3 ('26-) *FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-) *FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17) *FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25) *GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26) *GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-) *FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15) *F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-) *F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-) *GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),<br> Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24) ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US & Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe. ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * A: Ingolstadt, Germany * B: Brussels, Belgium * D: Bratislava, Slovakia * E: Emden, Germany * K: Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08] * N: Neckarsulm, Germany * P: Zwickau, Germany * R: Martorell, Spain * 1: Gyor, Hungary * 2: San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico * 7: Heilbronn, Germany Other plant codes for non-North American models: * G: Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) * U: Uitenhage, South Africa * X: Poznan, Poland * Z: Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant) * 3: Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant) * 4: Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant) * 9: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant) '''Positions 12–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} aix8m5tl76hyj63mjews64rtsfnsv7l 4641018 4641002 2026-06-23T18:04:50Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 5, Engine Type: */ 4641018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car * WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV * WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,<br> S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI) * WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8) * TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS & '12-'13 TT RS) * 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV ===Position 5, Engine Type: === {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83) |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('84) |- | A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 2.8 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A6 sedan 2.8 ('98-'99), A6 Avant 2.8 ('99) |- | A || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 560 hp.<br> Audi RS7 ('17-'18) |- | A || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 532 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 RWS ('18) |- | A || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.0T ('17-'19) |- | B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81] |- | B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85],<br> 5000S ('85-'86) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88) |- | B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 1.8T ('97-'99) |- | B || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 602 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Plus Quattro ('17-'18) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ & '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85) |- | C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89),<br> 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89) |- | C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 1.8T ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 1.8T ('03-'06), TT [180 hp] ('00-'06) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid (Early '14) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('15) |- | C || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi SQ5 ('16-'17) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q3 ('17-'18) |- | D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90) |- | D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('98-'99) |- | D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 2.7T ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('02-'05) |- | D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi A3 3.2 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09) |- | D || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A8 3.0T ('19) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT 2.3 "Special Build" (Late '87) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91) |- | E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T ('08-'13) |- | E || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('19) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19), TT ('19), Q3 ('19) |- | F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91) |- | F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 3.7 ('97-'99) |- | F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. <br> Audi A3 2.0T ('06-'08), A4 sedan 2.0T (Mid '05-'08), A4 Avant 2.0T (Mid '05-'08),<br> A4 Cabriolet 2.0T ('07-'09), TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T ('08-'11), A3 2.0T Quattro ('12-'13), A4 sedan 2.0T ('09-'12), A4 sedan 2.0T Fwd ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13),<br> A4 Avant 2.0T ('09-'12), Allroad 2.0T (Early '13), A5 2.0T ('10-'12),<br> A5 Coupe 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'15), A5 Cabriolet 2.0T Fwd ('13-'14),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13), A6 2.0T ('12-'16), TT ('09-'15), Q3 ('15-'16),<br> Q5 2.0T ('11-Early '13) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T (Early prod. '12) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'16), Allroad 2.0T ('13-'16),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'15), Q5 2.0T ('13-'15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('15) |- | F || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 450 hp.<br> Audi S6 ('17-'18), S7 ('17-'18) |- | G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82) |- | G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81) |- | G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A8 4.2 ('97-'99) |- | G || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 (Mid '05-'06), A6 3.2 ('05-'06) |- | G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15, Early '16), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 3.0T ('09-'16),<br> A7 3.0T ('12-'16), A8 3.0T ('13-'15), Q5 3.0T ('13-'15), SQ5 ('14-'15), Q7 3.0T ('11-'15) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/man. trans. ('16-'17) |- | G || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('16) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('16) |- | H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('00-'01), A6 2.8 ('00-'01) |- | H || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet 3.2 ('07-'09), A6 3.2 ('06-'09) |- | H || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q7 2.0T ('17-'19) |- | J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('10-'13) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('15) |- | K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) |- | K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. <br> Audi A4 sedan 3.2 ('09), A5 3.2 ('08-'10), A6 3.2 ('10-'11), Q5 3.2 ('09-'12) |- | L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A6 4.2 ('00-'04), A8 4.2 ('00-'06) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09),<br> A6 4.2 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro 4.2 ('04-'05) |- | M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine.<br> Audi A6 TDI ('14-'16), A7 TDI ('14-'16), A8 TDI ('14-'15), Q5 TDI ('14-'15), Q7 TDI ('09-'15) |- | M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 188 hp.<br> Audi A4 Ultra 2.0T Fwd ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Fwd ('19) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi A4 2.0T Fwd/Quattro ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Quattro ('19), A4 Allroad Quattro ('17-'19),<br> A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19), A5 Sportback 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19),<br> Q5 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19) |- | P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93) |- | P || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('01) |- | P || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi A3 Sportback e-tron ('16-'18) |- | R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94) |- | R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('05-'09) |- | R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi RS7 performance ('16-'18) |- | R || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 TDI ('16) |- | S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT (Early '00) |- | S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S8 ('16) |- | S || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('18-'19) |- | T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. <br> Audi TT ('01-'06) |- | T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.0 ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 3.0 ('03-'06), A6 3.0 ('02-'04) |- | T || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A6 3.2 ('05) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15) |- | U || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 V10 coupe w/man. trans. (Early '14) [when U in 5th pos. of VIN follows G in 4th pos. of VIN] |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('17) |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('18-'19) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 4.2 ('07-'11), A8 4.2 ('07-'12), Q7 4.2 ('07-'10) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi Q5 TDI ('16) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi Q8 ('19) |- | W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94) |- | W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi RS3 ('17-'19) |- | W || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi RS5 coupe ('18-'19), RS5 Sportback ('19) |- | X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT ('01-'02) |- | Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.6 ('07-'10) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt.<br> Audi TTS ('10-'15) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('16-'19), TTS ('16-'19) |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S6 ('13-'16), S7 ('13-'16), RS7 ('14-'16), A8 4.0T ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15) |- | 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/auto. trans. ('16-'17), Q5 2.0T ('16-'17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('17), A7 3.0T ('17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('19), A7 3.0T ('19) |- | 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('12-'13) |- | 3 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('16-'18) |- | 3 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. Higher Output: 340 hp.<br> Audi A6 3.0T Competition ('17), A6 3.0T ('18), A7 3.0T Competition ('17), A7 3.0T ('18) |- | 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('12-'15) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('16-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('16-'17), A8 3.0T ('16-'18) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('18-'19), S5 coupe/cabriolet ('18-'19), S5 Sportback ('18-'19), SQ5 ('18-'19) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('16-'17) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('18) |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi S8 plus ('16-'18) |- | 6 || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS5 ('13-'15) |- | 7 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('16) |- | 7 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q5 3.0T ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('13-'15) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('17-'18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('19) |} ‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years. ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only *5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts *8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags *2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8) *5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4) *6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4) *3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet) *7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8) *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8) ===Position 7-8, Model Line:=== 1981-2009: *8P = A3 ('06-'09) *81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87) *85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ & '83-'85) *89 = 80/90 ('88-'89) *8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91) *8C = 90 ('93-'95) *8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91) *8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98) *8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02) *8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08) *8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) *8K = A4 ('09) *8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09) *43 = 5000 ('81-'83) *44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91) *4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) *4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) *4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09) *44 = V8 Quattro ('90) *4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94) *4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03) *4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09) *8N = TT ('00-'06) *8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) *42 = R8 ('08-'09) *8R = Q5 ('09) *4L = Q7 ('07-'09) 2010-: *FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13) *FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18 *GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-) *FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16) *F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25) *FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15) *FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15) *F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25] *FU = A5/S5 ('25-) *FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11) *FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18) *FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18) *F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26) *F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26) *FN = A6 ('26-) *GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-) *FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10) *FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18) *F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26) *FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-) *FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13) *FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22) *FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) *FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23) *FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18) *F3 = Q3 ('19-'25) *FJ = Q3 ('26-) *FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-) *FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17) *FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25) *GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26) *GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-) *FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15) *F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-) *F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-) *GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),<br> Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24) ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US & Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe. ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * A: Ingolstadt, Germany * B: Brussels, Belgium * D: Bratislava, Slovakia * E: Emden, Germany * K: Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08] * N: Neckarsulm, Germany * P: Zwickau, Germany * R: Martorell, Spain * 1: Gyor, Hungary * 2: San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico * 7: Heilbronn, Germany Other plant codes for non-North American models: * G: Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) * U: Uitenhage, South Africa * X: Poznan, Poland * Z: Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant) * 3: Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant) * 4: Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant) * 9: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant) '''Positions 12–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} adc4d8d33zxrd5vvognjjvcj92entsj 4641019 4641018 2026-06-23T18:30:08Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 5, Engine Type: */ 4641019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car * WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV * WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,<br> S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI) * WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8) * TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS & '12-'13 TT RS) * 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV ===Position 5, Engine Type: === {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83) |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('84) |- | A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 2.8 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A6 sedan 2.8 ('98-'99), A6 Avant 2.8 ('99) |- | A || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 560 hp.<br> Audi RS7 ('17-'18) |- | A || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 532 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 RWS ('18) |- | A || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.0T ('17-'19) |- | B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81] |- | B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85],<br> 5000S ('85-'86) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88) |- | B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 1.8T ('97-'99) |- | B || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 602 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Plus Quattro ('17-'18) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ & '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85) |- | C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89),<br> 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89) |- | C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 1.8T ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 1.8T ('03-'06), TT [180 hp] ('00-'06) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid (Early '14) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('15) |- | C || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi SQ5 ('16-'17) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q3 ('17-'18) |- | D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90) |- | D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('98-'99) |- | D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 2.7T ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('02-'05) |- | D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi A3 3.2 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09) |- | D || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A8 3.0T ('19) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT 2.3 "Special Build" (Late '87) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91) |- | E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T ('08-'13) |- | E || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('19) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19), TT ('19), Q3 ('19) |- | F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91) |- | F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 3.7 ('97-'99) |- | F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. <br> Audi A3 2.0T ('06-'08), A4 sedan 2.0T (Mid '05-'08), A4 Avant 2.0T (Mid '05-'08),<br> A4 Cabriolet 2.0T ('07-'09), TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T ('08-'11), A3 2.0T Quattro ('12-'13), A4 sedan 2.0T ('09-'12), A4 sedan 2.0T Fwd ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13),<br> A4 Avant 2.0T ('09-'12), Allroad 2.0T (Early '13), A5 2.0T ('10-'12),<br> A5 Coupe 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'15), A5 Cabriolet 2.0T Fwd ('13-'14),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13), A6 2.0T ('12-'16), TT ('09-'15), Q3 ('15-'16),<br> Q5 2.0T ('11-Early '13) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T (Early prod. '12) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'16), Allroad 2.0T ('13-'16),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'15), Q5 2.0T ('13-'15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('15) |- | F || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 450 hp.<br> Audi S6 ('17-'18), S7 ('17-'18) |- | G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82) |- | G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81) |- | G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A8 4.2 ('97-'99) |- | G || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 (Mid '05-'06), A6 3.2 ('05-'06) |- | G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15, Early '16), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 3.0T ('09-'16),<br> A7 3.0T ('12-'16), A8 3.0T ('13-'15), Q5 3.0T ('13-'15), SQ5 ('14-'15), Q7 3.0T ('11-'15) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/man. trans. ('16-'17) |- | G || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('16) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('16) |- | H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('00-'01), A6 2.8 ('00-'01) |- | H || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet 3.2 ('07-'09), A6 3.2 ('06-'09) |- | H || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q7 2.0T ('17-'19) |- | J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('10-'13) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('15) |- | K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) |- | K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. <br> Audi A4 sedan 3.2 ('09), A5 3.2 ('08-'10), A6 3.2 ('10-'11), Q5 3.2 ('09-'12) |- | L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A6 4.2 ('00-'04), A8 4.2 ('00-'06) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09),<br> A6 4.2 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro 4.2 ('04-'05) |- | M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine.<br> Audi A6 TDI ('14-'16), A7 TDI ('14-'16), A8 TDI ('14-'15), Q5 TDI ('14-'15), Q7 TDI ('09-'15) |- | M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 188 hp.<br> Audi A4 Ultra 2.0T Fwd ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Fwd ('19) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi A4 2.0T Fwd/Quattro ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Quattro ('19), A4 Allroad Quattro ('17-'19),<br> A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19), A5 Sportback 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19),<br> Q5 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19) |- | P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93) |- | P || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('01) |- | P || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi A3 Sportback e-tron ('16-'18) |- | R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94) |- | R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('05-'09) |- | R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi RS7 performance ('16-'18) |- | R || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 TDI ('16) |- | S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT (Early '00) |- | S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S8 ('16) |- | S || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('18-'19) |- | T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. <br> Audi TT ('01-'06) |- | T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.0 ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 3.0 ('03-'06), A6 3.0 ('02-'04) |- | T || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A6 3.2 ('05) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15) |- | U || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 V10 coupe w/man. trans. (Early '14) [when U in 5th pos. of VIN follows G in 4th pos. of VIN] |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('17) |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('18-'19) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 4.2 ('07-'11), A8 4.2 ('07-'12), Q7 4.2 ('07-'10) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi Q5 TDI ('16) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi Q8 ('19) |- | W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94) |- | W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi RS3 ('17-'19) |- | W || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi RS5 coupe ('18-'19), RS5 Sportback ('19) |- | X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT ('01-'02) |- | Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.6 ('07-'10) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt.<br> Audi TTS ('10-'15) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('16-'19), TTS ('16-'19) |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S6 ('13-'16), S7 ('13-'16), RS7 ('14-'16), A8 4.0T ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15) |- | 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/auto. trans. ('16-'17), Q5 2.0T ('16-'17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('17), A7 3.0T ('17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('19), A7 3.0T ('19) |- | 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('12-'13) |- | 3 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('16-'18) |- | 3 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. Higher Output: 340 hp.<br> Audi A6 3.0T Competition ('17), A6 3.0T ('18), A7 3.0T Competition ('17), A7 3.0T ('18) |- | 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('12-'15) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('16-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('16-'17), A8 3.0T ('16-'18) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('18-'19), S5 coupe/cabriolet ('18-'19), S5 Sportback ('18-'19), SQ5 ('18-'19) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('16-'17) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('18) |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi S8 plus ('16-'18) |- | 6 || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS5 ('13-'15) |- | 7 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('16) |- | 7 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q5 3.0T ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('13-'15) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('17-'18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('19) |} ‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years. ====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes |- | A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 83.6 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('19). |- |} ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only *5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts *8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags *2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8) *5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4) *6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4) *3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet) *7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8) *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8) ===Position 7-8, Model Line:=== 1981-2009: *8P = A3 ('06-'09) *81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87) *85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ & '83-'85) *89 = 80/90 ('88-'89) *8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91) *8C = 90 ('93-'95) *8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91) *8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98) *8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02) *8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08) *8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) *8K = A4 ('09) *8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09) *43 = 5000 ('81-'83) *44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91) *4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) *4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) *4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09) *44 = V8 Quattro ('90) *4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94) *4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03) *4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09) *8N = TT ('00-'06) *8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) *42 = R8 ('08-'09) *8R = Q5 ('09) *4L = Q7 ('07-'09) 2010-: *FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13) *FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18 *GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-) *FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16) *F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25) *FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15) *FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15) *F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25] *FU = A5/S5 ('25-) *FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11) *FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18) *FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18) *F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26) *F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26) *FN = A6 ('26-) *GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-) *FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10) *FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18) *F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26) *FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-) *FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13) *FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22) *FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) *FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23) *FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18) *F3 = Q3 ('19-'25) *FJ = Q3 ('26-) *FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-) *FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17) *FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25) *GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26) *GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-) *FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15) *F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-) *F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-) *GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),<br> Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24) ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US & Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe. ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * A: Ingolstadt, Germany * B: Brussels, Belgium * D: Bratislava, Slovakia * E: Emden, Germany * K: Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08] * N: Neckarsulm, Germany * P: Zwickau, Germany * R: Martorell, Spain * 1: Gyor, Hungary * 2: San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico * 7: Heilbronn, Germany Other plant codes for non-North American models: * G: Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) * U: Uitenhage, South Africa * X: Poznan, Poland * Z: Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant) * 3: Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant) * 4: Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant) * 9: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant) '''Positions 12–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} p5s8tkccijzi51fh48n3klpekwdf87k 4641023 4641019 2026-06-23T19:42:04Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Motor codes for Electric Vehicles */ 4641023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car * WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV * WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,<br> S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI) * WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8) * TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS & '12-'13 TT RS) * 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV ===Position 5, Engine Type: === {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83) |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('84) |- | A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 2.8 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A6 sedan 2.8 ('98-'99), A6 Avant 2.8 ('99) |- | A || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 560 hp.<br> Audi RS7 ('17-'18) |- | A || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 532 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 RWS ('18) |- | A || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.0T ('17-'19) |- | B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81] |- | B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85],<br> 5000S ('85-'86) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88) |- | B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 1.8T ('97-'99) |- | B || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 602 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Plus Quattro ('17-'18) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ & '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85) |- | C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89),<br> 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89) |- | C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 1.8T ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 1.8T ('03-'06), TT [180 hp] ('00-'06) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid (Early '14) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('15) |- | C || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi SQ5 ('16-'17) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q3 ('17-'18) |- | D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90) |- | D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('98-'99) |- | D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 2.7T ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('02-'05) |- | D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi A3 3.2 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09) |- | D || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A8 3.0T ('19) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT 2.3 "Special Build" (Late '87) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91) |- | E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T ('08-'13) |- | E || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('19) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19), TT ('19), Q3 ('19) |- | F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91) |- | F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 3.7 ('97-'99) |- | F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. <br> Audi A3 2.0T ('06-'08), A4 sedan 2.0T (Mid '05-'08), A4 Avant 2.0T (Mid '05-'08),<br> A4 Cabriolet 2.0T ('07-'09), TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T ('08-'11), A3 2.0T Quattro ('12-'13), A4 sedan 2.0T ('09-'12), A4 sedan 2.0T Fwd ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13),<br> A4 Avant 2.0T ('09-'12), Allroad 2.0T (Early '13), A5 2.0T ('10-'12),<br> A5 Coupe 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'15), A5 Cabriolet 2.0T Fwd ('13-'14),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13), A6 2.0T ('12-'16), TT ('09-'15), Q3 ('15-'16),<br> Q5 2.0T ('11-Early '13) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T (Early prod. '12) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'16), Allroad 2.0T ('13-'16),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'15), Q5 2.0T ('13-'15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('15) |- | F || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 450 hp.<br> Audi S6 ('17-'18), S7 ('17-'18) |- | G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82) |- | G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81) |- | G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A8 4.2 ('97-'99) |- | G || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 (Mid '05-'06), A6 3.2 ('05-'06) |- | G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15, Early '16), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 3.0T ('09-'16),<br> A7 3.0T ('12-'16), A8 3.0T ('13-'15), Q5 3.0T ('13-'15), SQ5 ('14-'15), Q7 3.0T ('11-'15) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/man. trans. ('16-'17) |- | G || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('16) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('16) |- | H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('00-'01), A6 2.8 ('00-'01) |- | H || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet 3.2 ('07-'09), A6 3.2 ('06-'09) |- | H || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q7 2.0T ('17-'19) |- | J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('10-'13) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('15) |- | K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) |- | K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. <br> Audi A4 sedan 3.2 ('09), A5 3.2 ('08-'10), A6 3.2 ('10-'11), Q5 3.2 ('09-'12) |- | L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A6 4.2 ('00-'04), A8 4.2 ('00-'06) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09),<br> A6 4.2 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro 4.2 ('04-'05) |- | M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine.<br> Audi A6 TDI ('14-'16), A7 TDI ('14-'16), A8 TDI ('14-'15), Q5 TDI ('14-'15), Q7 TDI ('09-'15) |- | M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 188 hp.<br> Audi A4 Ultra 2.0T Fwd ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Fwd ('19) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi A4 2.0T Fwd/Quattro ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Quattro ('19), A4 Allroad Quattro ('17-'19),<br> A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19), A5 Sportback 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19),<br> Q5 2.0T Quattro ('18-'19) |- | P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93) |- | P || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('01) |- | P || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi A3 Sportback e-tron ('16-'18) |- | R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94) |- | R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('05-'09) |- | R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi RS7 performance ('16-'18) |- | R || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 TDI ('16) |- | S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT (Early '00) |- | S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S8 ('16) |- | S || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('18-'19) |- | T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. <br> Audi TT ('01-'06) |- | T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.0 ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 3.0 ('03-'06), A6 3.0 ('02-'04) |- | T || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A6 3.2 ('05) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15) |- | U || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 V10 coupe w/man. trans. (Early '14) [when U in 5th pos. of VIN follows G in 4th pos. of VIN] |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('17) |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('18-'19) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 4.2 ('07-'11), A8 4.2 ('07-'12), Q7 4.2 ('07-'10) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi Q5 TDI ('16) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi Q8 ('19) |- | W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94) |- | W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi RS3 ('17-'19) |- | W || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi RS5 coupe ('18-'19), RS5 Sportback ('19) |- | X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT ('01-'02) |- | Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.6 ('07-'10) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt.<br> Audi TTS ('10-'15) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('16-'19), TTS ('16-'19) |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S6 ('13-'16), S7 ('13-'16), RS7 ('14-'16), A8 4.0T ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15) |- | 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/auto. trans. ('16-'17), Q5 2.0T ('16-'17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('17), A7 3.0T ('17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('19), A7 3.0T ('19) |- | 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('12-'13) |- | 3 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('16-'18) |- | 3 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. Higher Output: 340 hp.<br> Audi A6 3.0T Competition ('17), A6 3.0T ('18), A7 3.0T Competition ('17), A7 3.0T ('18) |- | 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('12-'15) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('16-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('16-'17), A8 3.0T ('16-'18) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('18-'19), S5 coupe/cabriolet ('18-'19), S5 Sportback ('18-'19), SQ5 ('18-'19) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('16-'17) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('18) |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi S8 plus ('16-'18) |- | 6 || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS5 ('13-'15) |- | 7 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('16) |- | 7 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q5 3.0T ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('13-'15) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('17-'18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('19) |} ‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years. ====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes |- | A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 83.6 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('19), e-tron Sportback quattro ('20) |- | A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 86.5 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('21), e-tron Sportback quattro ('21) |- |} ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only *5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts *8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags *2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8) *5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4) *6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4) *3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet) *7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8) *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8) ===Position 7-8, Model Line:=== 1981-2009: *8P = A3 ('06-'09) *81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87) *85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ & '83-'85) *89 = 80/90 ('88-'89) *8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91) *8C = 90 ('93-'95) *8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91) *8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98) *8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02) *8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08) *8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) *8K = A4 ('09) *8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09) *43 = 5000 ('81-'83) *44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91) *4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) *4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) *4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09) *44 = V8 Quattro ('90) *4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94) *4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03) *4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09) *8N = TT ('00-'06) *8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) *42 = R8 ('08-'09) *8R = Q5 ('09) *4L = Q7 ('07-'09) 2010-: *FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13) *FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18 *GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-) *FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16) *F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25) *FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15) *FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15) *F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25] *FU = A5/S5 ('25-) *FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11) *FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18) *FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18) *F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26) *F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26) *FN = A6 ('26-) *GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-) *FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10) *FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18) *F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26) *FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-) *FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13) *FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22) *FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) *FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23) *FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18) *F3 = Q3 ('19-'25) *FJ = Q3 ('26-) *FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-) *FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17) *FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25) *GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26) *GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-) *FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15) *F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-) *F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-) *GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),<br> Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24) ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US & Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe. ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * A: Ingolstadt, Germany * B: Brussels, Belgium * D: Bratislava, Slovakia * E: Emden, Germany * K: Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08] * N: Neckarsulm, Germany * P: Zwickau, Germany * R: Martorell, Spain * 1: Gyor, Hungary * 2: San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico * 7: Heilbronn, Germany Other plant codes for non-North American models: * G: Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) * U: Uitenhage, South Africa * X: Poznan, Poland * Z: Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant) * 3: Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant) * 4: Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant) * 9: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant) '''Positions 12–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} 2t0pwmqv8thom0dmf5x7xbd7aas5r3j 4641042 4641023 2026-06-23T23:36:14Z JustTheFacts33 3434282 /* Position 5, Engine Type: */ 4641042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}} ===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:=== * WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car * WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV * WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,<br> S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI) * WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8) * TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS & '12-'13 TT RS) * 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV ===Position 5, Engine Type: === {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications |- | A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83) |- | A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('84) |- | A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 2.8 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98) |- | A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A6 sedan 2.8 ('98-'99), A6 Avant 2.8 ('99) |- | A || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 560 hp.<br> Audi RS7 ('17-'18) |- | A || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 532 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 RWS ('18), R8 Rwd ('21) |- | A || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.0T ('17-'19) |- | A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi A4 45 TFSI ('21), A4 Allroad 45 TFSI ('21),<br> A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 45 TFSI ('21), A5 Sportback 45 TFSI ('21),<br> Q5 45 TFSI ('21), Q5 Sportback 45 TFSI ('21) |- | B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81] |- | B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85],<br> 5000S ('85-'86) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88) |- | B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.<br> Audi 80 ('90) |- | B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 1.8T ('97-'99) |- | B || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 602 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Plus Quattro ('17-'18), R8 Performance Quattro ('20-'21) |- | B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 201 hp.<br> Audi A4 40 TFSI ('21), A5 Sportback 40 TFSI ('21) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83) |- | C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ & '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85) |- | C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89),<br> 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89) |- | C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. <br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 1.8T ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 1.8T ('03-'06), TT [180 hp] ('00-'06) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid (Early '14) |- | C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('15) |- | C || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi SQ5 ('16-'17) |- | C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q3 ('17-'18) |- | C || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi RS6 Avant ('21), RS7 ('21) |- | D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('84) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90) |- | D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90) |- | D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90) |- | D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('98-'99) |- | D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 2.7T ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('02-'05) |- | D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi A3 3.2 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09) |- | D || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A8 3.0T ('19-'21) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi Coupe GT 2.3 "Special Build" (Late '87) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88) |- | E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91) |- | E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91) |- | E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('95) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T ('08-'13) |- | E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20), TT ('19-'21), Q3 2.0T/45 TFSI ('19-'20), Q3 S Line 45 TFSI ('21) |- | E || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('19-'21) |- | E || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 562 hp.<br> Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('20) |- | F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91) |- | F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Audi A8 3.7 ('97-'99) |- | F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. <br> Audi A3 2.0T ('06-'08), A4 sedan 2.0T (Mid '05-'08), A4 Avant 2.0T (Mid '05-'08),<br> A4 Cabriolet 2.0T ('07-'09), TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T ('08-'11), A3 2.0T Quattro ('12-'13), A4 sedan 2.0T ('09-'12), A4 sedan 2.0T Fwd ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13),<br> A4 Avant 2.0T ('09-'12), Allroad 2.0T (Early '13), A5 2.0T ('10-'12),<br> A5 Coupe 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'15), A5 Cabriolet 2.0T Fwd ('13-'14),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13), A6 2.0T ('12-'16), TT ('09-'15), Q3 ('15-'16),<br> Q5 2.0T ('11-Early '13) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T (Early prod. '12) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'16), Allroad 2.0T ('13-'16),<br> A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'15), Q5 2.0T ('13-'15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('15) |- | F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('15) |- | F || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 450 hp.<br> Audi S6 ('17-'18), S7 ('17-'18) |- | F || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi S6 ('20-'21), S7 ('20-'21) |- | G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82) |- | G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81) |- | G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A8 4.2 ('97-'99) |- | G || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 (Mid '05-'06), A6 3.2 ('05-'06) |- | G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15, Early '16), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 3.0T ('09-'16),<br> A7 3.0T ('12-'16), A8 3.0T ('13-'15), Q5 3.0T ('13-'15), SQ5 ('14-'15), Q7 3.0T ('11-'15) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/man. trans. ('16-'17) |- | G || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('16) |- | G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('16) |- | H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82) |- | H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,<br /> 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83) |- | H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi A4 2.8 ('00-'01), A6 2.8 ('00-'01) |- | H || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet 3.2 ('07-'09), A6 3.2 ('06-'09) |- | H || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q7 2.0T ('17-'19) |- | H || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi A8 60 TFSI e ('20-'21) |- | J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('10-'13) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.<br> Audi A3 TDI ('15) |- | J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi Q7 45 TFSI ('20-'21) |- | K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) |- | K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. <br> Audi A4 sedan 3.2 ('09), A5 3.2 ('08-'10), A6 3.2 ('10-'11), Q5 3.2 ('09-'12) |- | L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,<br /> 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. <br> Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi A6 4.2 ('00-'04), A8 4.2 ('00-'06) |- | L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09),<br> A6 4.2 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro 4.2 ('04-'05) |- | M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine.<br> Audi A6 TDI ('14-'16), A7 TDI ('14-'16), A8 TDI ('14-'15), Q5 TDI ('14-'15), Q7 TDI ('09-'15) |- | M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 188 hp.<br> Audi A4 Ultra 2.0T Fwd ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Fwd ('19-'20) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09) |- | N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) |- | N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. <br> Audi A4 2.0T Fwd/Quattro ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Quattro ('19-'20), A4 Allroad Quattro ('17-'20),<br> A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20), A5 Sportback 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20),<br> Q5 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20) |- | P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93) |- | P || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.<br> Audi Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('01) |- | P || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi A3 Sportback e-tron ('16-'18) |- | P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A7 55 TFSI e ('21) |- | R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. <br> Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94) |- | R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('05-'09) |- | R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi RS7 performance ('16-'18) |- | R || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 TDI ('16) |- | R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi RS Q8 ('20-) |- | S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT (Early '00) |- | S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S8 ('16) |- | S || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('18-'21) |- | S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi S8 ('20-'21) |- | T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. <br> Audi TT ('01-'06) |- | T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.<br> Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.0 ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 3.0 ('03-'06), A6 3.0 ('02-'04) |- | T || "3.2L" || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.<br> Audi A6 3.2 ('05) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) |- | U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15) |- | U || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.<br> Audi R8 V10 coupe w/man. trans. (Early '14) [when U in 5th pos. of VIN follows G in 4th pos. of VIN] |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('17) |- | U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('18-'20), Q3 40 TFSI ('21) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc.<br> Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) |- | V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 4.2 ('07-'11), A8 4.2 ('07-'12), Q7 4.2 ('07-'10) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi Q5 TDI ('16) |- | V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi Q8 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'21) |- | W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94) |- | W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi RS3 ('17-'20) |- | W || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi RS5 coupe ('18-'19, '21), RS5 Sportback ('19, '21) |- | W || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine.<br> Audi SQ7 ('20-), SQ8 ('20-) |- | X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. <br> Audi TT ('01-'02) |- | X || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi Q7 55 TFSI ('20-'21) |- | Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.<br> Audi Q7 3.6 ('07-'10) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt.<br> Audi TTS ('10-'15) |- | 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.<br> Audi S3 Quattro ('16-'20), TTS ('16-'21) |- | 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi S6 ('13-'16), S7 ('13-'16), RS7 ('14-'16), A8 4.0T ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15) |- | 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A5 2.0T w/auto. trans. ('16-'17), Q5 2.0T ('16-'17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T ('17), A7 3.0T ('17) |- | 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi A6 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'21), A6 Allroad ('20-'21), A7 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'21) |- | 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi Q5 55 TFSI e ('20-'21) |- | 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.<br> Audi TT RS ('12-'13) |- | 3 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc.<br> Audi A8 4.0T ('16-'18) |- | 3 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. Higher Output: 340 hp.<br> Audi A6 3.0T Competition ('17), A6 3.0T ('18), A7 3.0T Competition ('17), A7 3.0T ('18) |- | 3 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 261 hp.<br> Audi A6 Sport 45 TFSI ('21) |- | 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('12-'15) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi S5 coupe ('16-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('16-'17), A8 3.0T ('16-'18) |- | 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.<br> Audi S4 ('18-'21), S5 coupe/cabriolet ('18-'21), S5 Sportback ('18-'21), SQ5 ('18-'21), SQ5 Sportback ('21) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('16-'17) |- | 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi TT ('18) |- | 5 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3991cc. 605 hp.<br> Audi S8 plus ('16-'18) |- | 6 || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc.<br> Audi RS5 ('13-'15) |- | 7 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('16) |- | 7 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.<br> Audi Q5 3.0T ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.<br> Audi Q5 Hybrid ('13-'15) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('16-'17) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.<br> Audi A6 2.0T ('17-'18) |- | 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,<br /> 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 248 hp.<br> Audi A6 2.0T/45 TFSI ('19-'21) |} ‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years. ====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles==== {| class="wikitable" |+Position 5 |- ! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes |- | A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 83.6 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('19), e-tron Sportback quattro ('20) |- | A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 86.5 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('21), e-tron Sportback quattro ('21) |- |} ===Position 6, Restraint Systems:=== *0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only *5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts *8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags *2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8) *5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4) *6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4) *3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS) *4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet) *7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8) *9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe) *A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags & Front and Rear Side Airbags & Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags & Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8) ===Position 7-8, Model Line:=== 1981-2009: *8P = A3 ('06-'09) *81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87) *85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ & '83-'85) *89 = 80/90 ('88-'89) *8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91) *8C = 90 ('93-'95) *8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91) *8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98) *8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02) *8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08) *8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08) *8K = A4 ('09) *8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09) *43 = 5000 ('81-'83) *44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91) *4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 & '96-'97 in Canada) *4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04) *4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09) *44 = V8 Quattro ('90) *4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94) *4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03) *4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09) *8N = TT ('00-'06) *8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09) *42 = R8 ('08-'09) *8R = Q5 ('09) *4L = Q7 ('07-'09) 2010-: *FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13) *FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18 *GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-) *FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16) *F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25) *FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15) *FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15) *F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25] *FU = A5/S5 ('25-) *FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11) *FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18) *FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18) *F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26) *F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26) *FN = A6 ('26-) *GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25-) *FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10) *FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18) *F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26) *FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-) *FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13) *FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22) *FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15) *FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23) *FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18) *F3 = Q3 ('19-'25) *FJ = Q3 ('26-) *FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-) *FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17) *FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25) *GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26) *GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25-) *FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15) *F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-) *F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-) *GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),<br> Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24) ===Position 9, Check Digit=== [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]] Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US & Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe. ===Position 10, Model Year: === [[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]] ===Position 11, Production Plant:=== * A: Ingolstadt, Germany * B: Brussels, Belgium * D: Bratislava, Slovakia * E: Emden, Germany * K: Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08] * N: Neckarsulm, Germany * P: Zwickau, Germany * R: Martorell, Spain * 1: Gyor, Hungary * 2: San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico * 7: Heilbronn, Germany Other plant codes for non-North American models: * G: Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) * U: Uitenhage, South Africa * X: Poznan, Poland * Z: Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant) * 3: Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant) * 4: Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant) * 9: Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant) '''Positions 12–17, Serial Number''' {{BookCat}} 3a00chym896sbeqeeje3714qzmnfkfl 4 483978 4641057 4640861 2026-06-24T08:10:15Z ArchiverBot 1227662 Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance]] 4641057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talk archive}} == GSTFILLING reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|GSTFILLING}} Spam <!-- USERREPORTED:/GSTFILLING/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:29, 5 June 2026 (UTC) :{{done}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 12:45, 5 June 2026 (UTC) == [[:Category:Wikibooks fully protected edit requests]] needs a clean out == Has several unhandled requests dating back to December. Thanks. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 04:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC) == ~2026-29002-30 reported by MathXplore == * {{userlinks|~2026-29002-30}} Abusing multiple accounts: [[Special:Contributions/Babywacko]] <!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-29002-30/ --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:20, 9 June 2026 (UTC) : {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|<span style="color:#0024FF">Codename Noreste</span>]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC) 6n4kjzc5s24lux99zown5834rex0oe6 3 484003 4641031 4640952 2026-06-23T21:00:57Z Kittycataclysm 3371989 /* Recreating deleted content */ new section 4641031 wikitext text/x-wiki == I have added a tag to a page you created == Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Openscad-ai-manual]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it <strong>may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].</strong> This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: <blockquote><strong>Encyclopedic articles belong at [[w:|Wikipedia]]</strong></blockquote> If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:Openscad-ai-manual|the page's talk page]] explaining why. <strong>If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.</strong> If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! <!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --> [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:12, 22 June 2026 (UTC) == Recreating deleted content == @[[User:Rustgodyt|Rustgodyt]] I noticed that you recreated a deleted page recently—please do not do so. If you object to a page deletion, please raise the issue with the deleting admin or at [[Wikibooks:Requests for undeletion]]. Thank you! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:00, 23 June 2026 (UTC) qp3edss98xrr03l0x8tysjggfnrrurm 0 484008 4641004 2026-06-23T14:39:58Z Moopoos 3552034 Added a new variation 4641004 wikitext text/x-wiki == 4.a4 == 4.a4 is an excellent, yet widely unknown move in the Two Pawns Attack. This is the great move as a4 cuts off the b6 Knight practically for the entire game. White's main ideas after 4...a5 can be to centralize with 5.d4 where White has tremendous control of the Center, or White can play the hyperaggressive [[/5. Ra3| '''5. Ra3''']] which plans to swing the Rook to g3 where it can attack Black's bare Kingside, as the Knight has moved onto Black's Queenside making Black's Kingside permanently weaker. 360licm7p5ukuawpz8me5srcpw573qf 3 484010 4641024 2026-06-23T19:45:30Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Main namespace. */ new section 4641024 wikitext text/x-wiki == Main namespace. == Hello Ponor,<br> Thanks for showing how I can declare the template. Referring to the example in my sandbox, is the "Main namespace" [[Main_Page|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page]] or is it [[Oberon|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon]] or something else? In [[w:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage]] PrimeHunter commented "Wikipedia wouldn't use mainspace for that." Where should my template be declared? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:45, 23 June 2026 (UTC) kqpr7zvekmj2y1cnb2rrw014tp7eyqc 4641027 4641024 2026-06-23T19:59:52Z Ponor 289742 /* Main namespace. */ Reply 4641027 wikitext text/x-wiki == Main namespace. == Hello Ponor,<br> Thanks for showing how I can declare the template. Referring to the example in my sandbox, is the "Main namespace" [[Main_Page|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page]] or is it [[Oberon|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon]] or something else? In [[w:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage]] PrimeHunter commented "Wikipedia wouldn't use mainspace for that." Where should my template be declared? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:45, 23 June 2026 (UTC) :Hey @[[User:PeterEasthope|Peter]]. Apologies for changing your template and dissapearing last night. That was my last edit before going to bed. The main namespace is everything that isn't some other namespace. <nowiki>[[Template:Something]]</nowiki>→[[Template:Something]] would be a page in the Template namespace, while <nowiki>[[:Oberon]]</nowiki> → [[:Oberon]] is the no-namespace aka main-namespace page. Normally, you'd create a template as [[Template:ThreeBoxes]], but if that's something that's going to be used in [[Oberon]] only, it may be OK to create it like you did, as a subpage of Oberon, i.e. [[Oberon/ThreeBoxes]]. Now every project has the same rules. :As for your main question on enwiki: I don't know how to achieve what you want, but was wondering why you wanted it like that. Why would you want the outer frame to collapse in discrete steps as the three boxes wrap around. Not really sure if that's possible with html and css alone. [[User:Ponor|Ponor]] ([[User talk:Ponor|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ponor|contribs]]) 19:59, 23 June 2026 (UTC) 7ctt7eg57h1xsml3950n5t64nfco9ss 4641028 4641027 2026-06-23T20:01:02Z Ponor 289742 /* Main namespace. */ typo 4641028 wikitext text/x-wiki == Main namespace. == Hello Ponor,<br> Thanks for showing how I can declare the template. Referring to the example in my sandbox, is the "Main namespace" [[Main_Page|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page]] or is it [[Oberon|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon]] or something else? In [[w:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage]] PrimeHunter commented "Wikipedia wouldn't use mainspace for that." Where should my template be declared? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:45, 23 June 2026 (UTC) :Hey @[[User:PeterEasthope|Peter]]. Apologies for changing your template and dissapearing last night. That was my last edit before going to bed. The main namespace is everything that isn't some other namespace. <nowiki>[[Template:Something]]</nowiki>→[[Template:Something]] would be a page in the Template namespace, while <nowiki>[[:Oberon]]</nowiki> → [[:Oberon]] is the no-namespace aka main-namespace page. Normally, you'd create a template as [[Template:ThreeBoxes]], but if that's something that's going to be used in [[Oberon]] only, it may be OK to create it like you did, as a subpage of Oberon, i.e. [[Oberon/ThreeBoxes]]. Not every project has the same rules. :As for your main question on enwiki: I don't know how to achieve what you want, but was wondering why you wanted it like that. Why would you want the outer frame to collapse in discrete steps as the three boxes wrap around. Not really sure if that's possible with html and css alone. [[User:Ponor|Ponor]] ([[User talk:Ponor|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ponor|contribs]]) 19:59, 23 June 2026 (UTC) nzv2kvpskdx2ztggiqxiys42lws4fnd 4641044 4641028 2026-06-24T02:18:48Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Main namespace. */ Reply 4641044 wikitext text/x-wiki == Main namespace. == Hello Ponor,<br> Thanks for showing how I can declare the template. Referring to the example in my sandbox, is the "Main namespace" [[Main_Page|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page]] or is it [[Oberon|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon]] or something else? In [[w:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage]] PrimeHunter commented "Wikipedia wouldn't use mainspace for that." Where should my template be declared? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:45, 23 June 2026 (UTC) :Hey @[[User:PeterEasthope|Peter]]. Apologies for changing your template and dissapearing last night. That was my last edit before going to bed. The main namespace is everything that isn't some other namespace. <nowiki>[[Template:Something]]</nowiki>→[[Template:Something]] would be a page in the Template namespace, while <nowiki>[[:Oberon]]</nowiki> → [[:Oberon]] is the no-namespace aka main-namespace page. Normally, you'd create a template as [[Template:ThreeBoxes]], but if that's something that's going to be used in [[Oberon]] only, it may be OK to create it like you did, as a subpage of Oberon, i.e. [[Oberon/ThreeBoxes]]. Not every project has the same rules. :As for your main question on enwiki: I don't know how to achieve what you want, but was wondering why you wanted it like that. Why would you want the outer frame to collapse in discrete steps as the three boxes wrap around. Not really sure if that's possible with html and css alone. [[User:Ponor|Ponor]] ([[User talk:Ponor|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ponor|contribs]]) 19:59, 23 June 2026 (UTC) ::::> Apologies for changing your template and dissapearing last night. :::::No problem. I appreciate the help. ::::> ... if that's something that's going to be used in Oberon only ... :::::Yes, probably relevant to the Oberon book only. If someone wants it in template namespace, I have no objection. :::::So declare as Oberon/ThreeBoxes and invoke as :Oberon/ThreeBoxed. I accept that the colon prefix works but don't catch the logic of the syntax. :::::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:18, 24 June 2026 (UTC) 6fmud1d4uste54prf8q42wm6q3rhssi 4641045 4641044 2026-06-24T02:45:18Z PeterEasthope 660399 /* Main namespace. */ Replied to the 2nd topic. 4641045 wikitext text/x-wiki == Main namespace. == Hello Ponor,<br> Thanks for showing how I can declare the template. Referring to the example in my sandbox, is the "Main namespace" [[Main_Page|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page]] or is it [[Oberon|https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon]] or something else? In [[w:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)#Template_usage]] PrimeHunter commented "Wikipedia wouldn't use mainspace for that." Where should my template be declared? Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 19:45, 23 June 2026 (UTC) :Hey @[[User:PeterEasthope|Peter]]. Apologies for changing your template and dissapearing last night. That was my last edit before going to bed. The main namespace is everything that isn't some other namespace. <nowiki>[[Template:Something]]</nowiki>→[[Template:Something]] would be a page in the Template namespace, while <nowiki>[[:Oberon]]</nowiki> → [[:Oberon]] is the no-namespace aka main-namespace page. Normally, you'd create a template as [[Template:ThreeBoxes]], but if that's something that's going to be used in [[Oberon]] only, it may be OK to create it like you did, as a subpage of Oberon, i.e. [[Oberon/ThreeBoxes]]. Not every project has the same rules. :As for your main question on enwiki: I don't know how to achieve what you want, but was wondering why you wanted it like that. Why would you want the outer frame to collapse in discrete steps as the three boxes wrap around. Not really sure if that's possible with html and css alone. [[User:Ponor|Ponor]] ([[User talk:Ponor|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ponor|contribs]]) 19:59, 23 June 2026 (UTC) ::> Apologies for changing your template and dissapearing last night. :::No problem. I appreciate the help. ::> ... if that's something that's going to be used in Oberon only ... :::Yes, probably relevant to the Oberon book only. If someone wants it in template namespace, I have no objection. :::So declare as Oberon/ThreeBoxes and invoke as :Oberon/ThreeBoxed? I accept that the colon prefix works but don't catch the logic of the syntax. ::>... Why would you want the outer frame to collapse in discrete steps as the three boxes wrap around. :::Please open it on a handheld device. I created ThreeBoxes after a reader observed that the foregoing table must be scrolled sideways on a narrow screen. (Tables are still there. You can open for comparison.) The boxes wrap, displaying a full row on almost any screen. The black border encloses a row and helps the reader recognize row separation but the empty white space on the right is pointless. If the border can't shrink, maybe simply delete it; rely on the colors to separate rows? :::Thanks, ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 02:18, 24 June 2026 (UTC) tpaykborkir5gl20gk0po6ekpy56xma 2 484011 4641037 2026-06-23T22:32:05Z Noeiel17 3495772 Created page with "{{User sandbox}}" 4641037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User sandbox}} oqk90hb3a4pxi6ihldnzv2a2towtv46 1 484012 4641054 2026-06-24T05:26:42Z Jmichael ll 1279156 /* arg index */ new section 4641054 wikitext text/x-wiki == arg index == When lua is run from the command line, with an immediate script provided, the first "argument" is in arg[0]: <pre> lua -e "for k,v in pairs(arg) do print(k,v) end os.exit()" -- a1 a2 1 a2 0 a1 -4 D:\prg\lua54\lua54.exe -3 -e -2 for k,v in pairs(arg) do print(k,v) end os.exit() -1 -- </pre> The example shown is from Windows. I get the same in Android (someone else's Lua), in a terminal emulator window. I bring it up because so far, in all my Googling, I have not seen anyone admit that this happens: Run it with the script in a file, arg[1] is first argument; run it with the script on the command line and, in addition to having to do something to stop Lua from trying to interpret the first argument as a script file, arg[0] is the first argument. [[User:Jmichael ll|Jmichael ll]] ([[User talk:Jmichael ll|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jmichael ll|contribs]]) 05:26, 24 June 2026 (UTC) nj3btd7cb1swvb1zz7pqw6fa50ojcjg 4641055 4641054 2026-06-24T05:31:45Z Jmichael ll 1279156 /* arg index */ 4641055 wikitext text/x-wiki == arg index == When lua is run from the command line, with an immediate script provided, the first "argument" is in arg[0]: <pre> lua -e "for k,v in pairs(arg) do print(k,v) end os.exit()" -- a1 a2 1 a2 0 a1 -4 D:\prg\lua54\lua54.exe -3 -e -2 for k,v in pairs(arg) do print(k,v) end os.exit() -1 -- </pre> The example shown is from Windows. I get the same in Android (some Lua 5.3.5), in a terminal emulator window. I bring it up because so far, in all my Googling, I have not seen anyone admit that this happens: Run it with the script in a file, arg[1] is first argument; run it with the script on the command line and, in addition to having to do something to stop Lua from trying to interpret the first argument as a script file, arg[0] is the first argument. [[User:Jmichael ll|Jmichael ll]] ([[User talk:Jmichael ll|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jmichael ll|contribs]]) 05:31, 24 June 2026 (UTC) 976we7w25fgbuz1my5xxirzbmzcmy3e 0 484013 4641062 2026-06-24T09:38:03Z Xhungab 545789 news 4641062 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ == '''Linear discrete dynamical system (eigen)''' == Let : u_n+1 = a11 u_n + a12 v_n v_n+1 = a21 u_n + a22 v_n If you write : (t : transpose) X_n = [u_n, v_n]t and then X_n+1 = A X_n X_n+1 = [u_n+1,v_n+1]t Let's put X_0 = [u_0,v_0]t then X_1 = A X_0 X_2 = A X_1 = A^2 X_0 X_3 = A X_2 = A^3 X_0 ... X_n = A^n X_0 Calculate : lim X_n = n-> oo For this, we will use eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors for the first method, and for the second method we will directly calculate the power of A. '''Exemple 1 :''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pf| c00a.c ]] : Let's calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pg| c00b.c ]] : Calculate A^P We will be able to observe that from P = 19, the value of A^P no longer changes. '''Exemple 2 :''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ph| c00c.c ]] : Let's calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pi| c00d.c ]] Calculate A^P We will be able to observe that from P = 17, the value of A^P no longer changes. {{BookCat}} dvyh5u06p57fnlru16ffytudqdmc46z 4641067 4641062 2026-06-24T09:52:32Z Xhungab 545789 4641067 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ == '''Linear discrete dynamical system (eigen)''' == Let : u_n+1 = a11 u_n + a12 v_n v_n+1 = a21 u_n + a22 v_n If you write : (t : transpose) X_n = [u_n, v_n]t and then X_n+1 = A X_n X_n+1 = [u_n+1,v_n+1]t Let's put X_0 = [u_0,v_0]t then X_1 = A X_0 X_2 = A X_1 = A^2 X_0 X_3 = A X_2 = A^3 X_0 ... X_n = A^n X_0 Calculate : lim X_n = n-> oo For this, we will use eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors for the first method, and for the second method we will directly calculate the power of A. '''Exemple 1 :''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pf| c00a.c ]] : Let's calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pg| c00b.c ]] : Calculate A^P We will be able to observe that from P = 19, the value of A^P no longer changes. '''Exemple 2 :''' * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0ph| c00c.c ]] : Let's calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues * [[Linear Algebra and the C Language/a0pi| c00d.c ]] Calculate A^P We will be able to observe that from P = 17, the value of A^P no longer changes. {{BookCat}} his0no2yehil1f9l19jelqxmpor1i5w 0 484014 4641063 2026-06-24T09:41:12Z Xhungab 545789 news 4641063 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ '''Install and compile this file in your working directory.''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> /* ------------------------------------ */ /* Save as: c00a.c */ /* ------------------------------------ */ #include "v_a.h" /* ------------------------------------ */ #define RCA C2 /* ------------------------------------ */ int main(void) { double a[RCA*RCA]={ +0,+1, -1./2.,+3./2. }; double **A = ca_A_mR(a, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Ev = eigs_V_mR(A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **InvEv = invgj_mR(Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); /* Eval = InvEv A Ev */ double **T1 = mul_mR(InvEv, A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Eval = mul_mR(T1, Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); clrscrn(); printf(" Copy/Paste into the octave windows \n"); p_Octave_mR(A,"a",P9); printf(" [V, E] = eigs (a,%d) \n\n",RCA); printf(" Ev:"); p_mR(Ev,S10,P4,C6); printf(" Eval = InvEv A Ev"); p_mR(Eval,S10,P4,C6); stop(); f_mR(A); f_mR(Ev); f_mR(InvEv); f_mR(Eval); f_mR(T1); return 0; } /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ </syntaxhighlight> '''Screen output example:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> Copy/Paste into the octave windows a=[ +0.000000000,+1.000000000; -0.500000000,+1.500000000] [V, E] = eigs (a,2) Ev: +0.7071 +0.8944 +0.7071 +0.4472 Eval = InvEv A Ev +1.0000 -0.0000 +0.0000 +0.5000 Press return to continue. </syntaxhighlight> {{BookCat}} en7smfnv8e82bk0kzvtdarwjnmesft9 0 484015 4641064 2026-06-24T09:43:34Z Xhungab 545789 news 4641064 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ '''Install and compile this file in your working directory.''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> /* ------------------------------------ */ /* Save as: c00b.c */ /* ------------------------------------ */ #include "v_a.h" /* ------------------------------------ */ #define RCA C2 #define P 20/* Try : 10, 15, 20, 25 */ /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ double f( double x) { return(pow(x,P)); } char feq[] = "x**P"; /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ int main(void) { double a[RCA*RCA]={ +0,+1, -1./2.,+3./2. }; double **A = ca_A_mR(a, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **A_P = pow_mR(P, A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Ev = eigs_V_mR(A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **InvEv = invgj_mR(Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); /* Eval = InvEv A Ev */ double **T = mul_mR(InvEv, A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Eval = mul_mR(T, Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **f_Eval = i_mR(RCA,RCA); clrscrn(); printf(" Copy/Paste into the octave windows \n"); p_Octave_mR(A,"A",P9); printf(" A^%d\n\n",P); printf(" A^%d:",P); pE_mR(A_P,S10,P4,C6); printf(" A^%d: Ev Eval**%d InvEv",P,P); f_eigs_mR(f,Eval,f_Eval); mul_mR(Ev,f_Eval,T); mul_mR(T,InvEv,A_P); pE_mR(A_P,S10,P4,C6); stop(); f_mR(A); f_mR(A_P); f_mR(Ev); f_mR(InvEv); f_mR(Eval); f_mR(f_Eval); f_mR(T); return 0; } /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ </syntaxhighlight> '''Screen output example:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> Copy/Paste into the octave windows A=[ +0.000000000,+1.000000000; -0.500000000,+1.500000000] A^20 A^20: -1.0000e+00 +2.0000e+00 -1.0000e+00 +2.0000e+00 A^20: Ev Eval**20 InvEv -1.0000e+00 +2.0000e+00 -1.0000e+00 +2.0000e+00 Press return to continue. </syntaxhighlight> {{BookCat}} h665ko0ezg4nu20p0mdx9yd2kp09i0q 0 484016 4641065 2026-06-24T09:45:14Z Xhungab 545789 news 4641065 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ '''Install and compile this file in your working directory.''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> /* ------------------------------------ */ /* Save as: c00c.c */ /* ------------------------------------ */ #include "v_a.h" /* ------------------------------------ */ #define RCA C2 /* ------------------------------------ */ int main(void) { double a[RCA*RCA]={ +0.8,+0.3, +0.2,+0.7 }; double **A = ca_A_mR(a, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Ev = eigs_V_mR(A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **InvEv = invgj_mR(Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); /* Eval = InvEv A Ev */ double **T1 = mul_mR(InvEv, A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Eval = mul_mR(T1, Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); clrscrn(); printf(" Copy/Paste into the octave windows \n"); p_Octave_mR(A,"a",P9); printf(" [V, E] = eigs (a,%d) \n\n",RCA); printf(" Ev:"); p_mR(Ev,S10,P4,C6); printf(" Eval = InvEv A Ev"); p_mR(Eval,S10,P4,C6); stop(); f_mR(A); f_mR(Ev); f_mR(InvEv); f_mR(Eval); f_mR(T1); return 0; } /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ </syntaxhighlight> '''Screen output example:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> Copy/Paste into the octave windows a=[ +0.800000000,+0.300000000; +0.200000000,+0.700000000] [V, E] = eigs (a,2) Ev: +0.8321 +0.7071 +0.5547 -0.7071 Eval = InvEv A Ev +1.0000 +0.0000 -0.0000 +0.5000 Press return to continue. </syntaxhighlight> {{BookCat}} jpb3vghil0beqovzpi727gzeyu8mj7a 0 484017 4641066 2026-06-24T09:47:06Z Xhungab 545789 news 4641066 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ '''Install and compile this file in your working directory.''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> /* ------------------------------------ */ /* Save as: c00d.c */ /* ------------------------------------ */ #include "v_a.h" /* ------------------------------------ */ #define RCA C2 #define P 17/* Try : 10, 15, 20, 25 */ /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ double f( double x) { return(pow(x,P)); } char feq[] = "x**P"; /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ int main(void) { double a[RCA*RCA]={ +0.8,+0.3, +0.2,+0.7 }; double **A = ca_A_mR(a, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **A_P = pow_mR(P, A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Ev = eigs_V_mR(A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **InvEv = invgj_mR(Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); /* Eval = InvEv A Ev */ double **T = mul_mR(InvEv, A, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **Eval = mul_mR(T, Ev, i_mR(RCA,RCA)); double **f_Eval = i_mR(RCA,RCA); clrscrn(); printf(" Copy/Paste into the octave windows \n"); p_Octave_mR(A,"A",P9); printf(" A^%d\n\n",P); printf(" A^%d:",P); pE_mR(A_P,S10,P4,C6); printf(" A^%d: Ev Eval**%d InvEv",P,P); f_eigs_mR(f,Eval,f_Eval); mul_mR(Ev,f_Eval,T); mul_mR(T,InvEv,A_P); pE_mR(A_P,S10,P4,C6); stop(); f_mR(A); f_mR(A_P); f_mR(Ev); f_mR(InvEv); f_mR(Eval); f_mR(f_Eval); f_mR(T); return 0; } /* ------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------ */ </syntaxhighlight> '''Screen output example:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="c"> Copy/Paste into the octave windows A=[ +0.800000000,+0.300000000; +0.200000000,+0.700000000] A^17 A^17: +6.0000e-01 +6.0000e-01 +4.0000e-01 +4.0000e-01 A^17: Ev Eval**17 InvEv +6.0000e-01 +6.0000e-01 +4.0000e-01 +4.0000e-01 Press return to continue. </syntaxhighlight> {{BookCat}} orazluk8n6d6giokjiwhg9i6k9sbqdc