Wikibooks:Requests for deletion

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== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Suicide]] ==

I realize this book has been nominated for deletion before ([[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide|1]], [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide (2)|2]], [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide/Suffocation|3]]), but it's been over ten years since the last nomination. The project's position on what material is in its educational scope has shifted, as have some of the facts on the ground.

* The chartered purpose of Wikibooks is to produce &quot;open-content textbooks&quot; (cf. [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?]]) which are suitable for use in an instructional environment. Providing educational information about suicide in the context of psychiatry could certainly be in scope, as psychiatry is an educational topic; however, instructional material on how to commit suicide is not an educational topic, and should not be considered in scope.
* This book is, and has always been, primarily intended as an instructional work guiding users on how to commit suicide. It provides effectively no meaningful analytical content ''about'' suicide as a topic. Most of the original content in the book was imported from an early-2000s wiki associated with the &lt;code&gt;alt.suicide.holiday&lt;/code&gt; Usenet group, the &quot;ASH wiki&quot;, which was specifically and unequivocally dedicated to describing and recommending methods by which readers could commit suicide, and this has carried through to the current version of the book.
* Most of the content in the book was removed in 2020 (by redirecting it to the book's main page, e.g. [[Special:Diff/3660495]]) over concerns that it was created by a WMF-banned user ([[User:Leucosticte]]), and because it was likely in violation of the ASH wiki's (unclear) copyright. These changes removed most of the content of the book; much of what remains is image gallery pages like [[Suicide/Blades]] which have no educational value.

Suicide is a sensitive topic; if it is covered by a textbook, it should be covered tastefully and with an aim to educate. This book is largely the opposite of that. Having it here is doing more harm than good.

If this book is deleted, the following related pages should be deleted as well:
* [[Template:Suicide methods]]
* [[Template:Infobox suicide method]] (currently unused)
* [[User:Leucosticte/About ASH]] - from the ASH wiki, as mentioned above
* [[User:Leucosticte/Frequently Asked Questions]] - also from the ASH wiki
[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:41, 21 July 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep|weak keep}} a)&amp;nbsp;Age is no argument. There are many stale underdeveloped books I would rather delete than keeping around. b)&amp;nbsp;The book’s topic is exceptionally difficult to write about. ''This'' impedes collaborative authoring. c)&amp;nbsp;The book does not really explain ''how'' to commit suicide (like a step‐by‐step guide), neither is it the book’s learning objective. d)&amp;nbsp;Even if ''you construed'' the chapter summarizing various suicide methods ''as instructions'', instructional material on how to commit suicide ''is'' an educational topic. In most ''present‐day societies'' it is not ''ethical'' to teach students how to commit suicide, though. e)&amp;nbsp;Therefore the correct path is to first alter the [[WB:WIW#Wikibooks includes instructional texts|project scope]] to censor books on ethical grounds ''and then'' nominate the book for censorship. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 04:50, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
::Re. c: most of the explicit directions were edited out in 2020, as noted in my nomination, but are still visible in page history. For a couple of explicit examples, see e.g. [[Special:Permalink/3318613]] or [[Special:Permalink/3654645]]. Providing specific instructions was the original intent of this book, and it has never escaped that legacy. If someone were interested in writing a book ''about'' the phenomenon of suicide, they would be better off starting afresh. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:26, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
*'''Delete all'''. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:17, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
* '''Delete all''' per the nomination above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:17, 30 July 2026 (UTC)
* '''Keep''' with caution. Rename to &quot;suicide prevention&quot;?--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]] ([[User talk:TunnelESON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TunnelESON|contribs]]) 04:03, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
*:Re. the rename: absolutely not. There is no content in the book about suicide prevention. If you are interested in writing a book on that topic, please start a new one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 5 September 2026 (UTC)

:{{keep}} - 
:1. &quot;instructional material on how to commit suicide is not an educational topic&quot; - I think it can be construed as one depending on the person (and does not have to imply that the person is at risk)
:2. Not a reason.
:3. Not a reason. It is up to the community to decide whether to accept a banned user's work. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:37, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== [[User:PETER A. SAUL/You Become What You Think: Transform Your Life]] ==
Overall reads like a violation of [[WB:SOAP]]. Mass addition of pages. Bold claims with no reputable sources/support. See e.g. [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 9|here]]. Markdown errors that suggest LLM use (e.g. [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 16|here]], [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 17|here]], etc. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:21, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

:I'll also note a significant amount of self-promo. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
:'''Speedy delete''' Obviously inappropriate. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:17, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
::{{done}}. I was on the fence for speedy, but since another admin agrees, I went ahead and deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:38, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

== [[User:PETER A. SAUL/Why 95 Percent of Your Life Is a Lie: How to Control Your Mind]] ==
Same reasons as RFD for other pages by this editor. Violation of [[WB:SOAP]], no support for extreme claims, potential LLM use, self-promo. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:28, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

:'''Speedy delete''' Obviously inappropriate. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:17, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
::{{done}}. As with other contributions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:38, 5 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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{{Discussion Rooms}}
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{{Requests for deletion/New deletion}}
{{Requests for deletion/Deletion intro}}
&lt;!-- New deletion nominations go at the bottom of page. --&gt;

== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Suicide]] ==

I realize this book has been nominated for deletion before ([[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide|1]], [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide (2)|2]], [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide/Suffocation|3]]), but it's been over ten years since the last nomination. The project's position on what material is in its educational scope has shifted, as have some of the facts on the ground.

* The chartered purpose of Wikibooks is to produce &quot;open-content textbooks&quot; (cf. [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?]]) which are suitable for use in an instructional environment. Providing educational information about suicide in the context of psychiatry could certainly be in scope, as psychiatry is an educational topic; however, instructional material on how to commit suicide is not an educational topic, and should not be considered in scope.
* This book is, and has always been, primarily intended as an instructional work guiding users on how to commit suicide. It provides effectively no meaningful analytical content ''about'' suicide as a topic. Most of the original content in the book was imported from an early-2000s wiki associated with the &lt;code&gt;alt.suicide.holiday&lt;/code&gt; Usenet group, the &quot;ASH wiki&quot;, which was specifically and unequivocally dedicated to describing and recommending methods by which readers could commit suicide, and this has carried through to the current version of the book.
* Most of the content in the book was removed in 2020 (by redirecting it to the book's main page, e.g. [[Special:Diff/3660495]]) over concerns that it was created by a WMF-banned user ([[User:Leucosticte]]), and because it was likely in violation of the ASH wiki's (unclear) copyright. These changes removed most of the content of the book; much of what remains is image gallery pages like [[Suicide/Blades]] which have no educational value.

Suicide is a sensitive topic; if it is covered by a textbook, it should be covered tastefully and with an aim to educate. This book is largely the opposite of that. Having it here is doing more harm than good.

If this book is deleted, the following related pages should be deleted as well:
* [[Template:Suicide methods]]
* [[Template:Infobox suicide method]] (currently unused)
* [[User:Leucosticte/About ASH]] - from the ASH wiki, as mentioned above
* [[User:Leucosticte/Frequently Asked Questions]] - also from the ASH wiki
[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:41, 21 July 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep|weak keep}} a)&amp;nbsp;Age is no argument. There are many stale underdeveloped books I would rather delete than keeping around. b)&amp;nbsp;The book’s topic is exceptionally difficult to write about. ''This'' impedes collaborative authoring. c)&amp;nbsp;The book does not really explain ''how'' to commit suicide (like a step‐by‐step guide), neither is it the book’s learning objective. d)&amp;nbsp;Even if ''you construed'' the chapter summarizing various suicide methods ''as instructions'', instructional material on how to commit suicide ''is'' an educational topic. In most ''present‐day societies'' it is not ''ethical'' to teach students how to commit suicide, though. e)&amp;nbsp;Therefore the correct path is to first alter the [[WB:WIW#Wikibooks includes instructional texts|project scope]] to censor books on ethical grounds ''and then'' nominate the book for censorship. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 04:50, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
::Re. c: most of the explicit directions were edited out in 2020, as noted in my nomination, but are still visible in page history. For a couple of explicit examples, see e.g. [[Special:Permalink/3318613]] or [[Special:Permalink/3654645]]. Providing specific instructions was the original intent of this book, and it has never escaped that legacy. If someone were interested in writing a book ''about'' the phenomenon of suicide, they would be better off starting afresh. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:26, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
*'''Delete all'''. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:17, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
* '''Delete all''' per the nomination above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:17, 30 July 2026 (UTC)
* '''Keep''' with caution. Rename to &quot;suicide prevention&quot;?--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]] ([[User talk:TunnelESON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TunnelESON|contribs]]) 04:03, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
*:Re. the rename: absolutely not. There is no content in the book about suicide prevention. If you are interested in writing a book on that topic, please start a new one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 5 September 2026 (UTC)

:{{keep}} - 
:1. &quot;instructional material on how to commit suicide is not an educational topic&quot; - I think it can be construed as one depending on the person (and does not have to imply that the person is at risk)
:2. Not a reason.
:3. Not a reason. It is up to the community to decide whether to accept a banned user's work. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:37, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== [[User:PETER A. SAUL/You Become What You Think: Transform Your Life]] ==
{{closed|This was already speedily deleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:57, 6 September 2026 (UTC)}}
Overall reads like a violation of [[WB:SOAP]]. Mass addition of pages. Bold claims with no reputable sources/support. See e.g. [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 9|here]]. Markdown errors that suggest LLM use (e.g. [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 16|here]], [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 17|here]], etc. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:21, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

:I'll also note a significant amount of self-promo. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
:'''Speedy delete''' Obviously inappropriate. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:17, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
::{{done}}. I was on the fence for speedy, but since another admin agrees, I went ahead and deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:38, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}

== [[User:PETER A. SAUL/Why 95 Percent of Your Life Is a Lie: How to Control Your Mind]] ==
Same reasons as RFD for other pages by this editor. Violation of [[WB:SOAP]], no support for extreme claims, potential LLM use, self-promo. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:28, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

:'''Speedy delete''' Obviously inappropriate. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:17, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
::{{done}}. As with other contributions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:38, 5 August 2026 (UTC)</text>
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== [[Salute, Jonathan!]] and its translations ==

&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 7;&quot;&gt;
* [[Salute, Jonathan!|Interlingue/Occidental]] ([[w:en:Occidental|w]], original)
* [[Òla, Ionatà!|Audià]]
* [[Holo, Jonathan!|Cristianés]]
* [[Terve, Jonathan!|Ekumenski]]
* [[Hej, Jonathan! (Germanisch)|Germanisch]]
* [[Salom, Jonatan!|Globasa]]
* [[Àlŏ, Jonathan!|Guosa]] ([[w:en:Guosa|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan!|Idiom Neutral]] ([[w:en:Idiom Neutral|w]])
* [[Saluto, Jonathan! (Ido)|Ido]] ([[w:en:Ido|w]])
* [[Hallo, Jonathan!|Interlingua]] ([[w:en:Interlingua|w]])
* [[Salut, Jonathan! (Interocidental)|Interocidental]]
* [[Bune Ğonatan!|Lingaust]]
* [[Oila, Jonatan!|Lingue Simple]]
* [[Haloo, Jonatan!|Lingwa de Planeta]] ([[w:en:Lingwa de Planeta|w]])
* [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!|Masa Tang]]
* [[Salut, ionatano!|Meteza]]
* [[Salu, Jon!|Mini]]
* [[Hay, Jonathan!|Mirad]]
* [[Hai, Jon!|Monav]]
* [[Sesan Jon!|Monkel]]
* [[Salam, Jonathan!|Mundeze]]
* [[Dag, Jonathan!|Negerhollands]] ([[w:en:Negerhollands|w]])
* [[Salut Jonathan!|Neo]] ([[w:en:Neo|w]])
* [[Hej, Jonathan!|Nordien]]
* [[Saluto, Jonathan!|Novial]] ([[w:en:Novial|w]])
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Novlingue)|Novlingue]]
* [[Alo, Jonathan!|Numo]]
* [[Hela, Jonathan!|Proyo]]
* [[Salute, Jonathan! (Romanica)|Romanica]] ([[w:en:Romanica|w]])
* [[Simi, Jonathan!|Solresol]] ([[w:en:Solresol|w]])
* [[Toki a, jan Jonatan!|Toki Pona]] ([[w:en:Toki Pona|w]])
* [[Glidis, o Jonathan!|Volapük]] ([[w:en:Volapük|w]])
&lt;/div&gt;

There are a couple of issues here:

# Beyond their introductions, all of these books are written in languages which are not English, making them out of scope for the English Wikibooks.
# All but one of these books are in fact written in constructed languages, most of them in recently created conlangs. In some cases (e.g. [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]), I can't find any reliable sources describing the target language outside of the translation itself.
# Most of the translations (i.e. other than [[Salute, Jonathan!]] itself) were abandoned within the first five or so chapters (out of 100); none of them are complete, and there seems to be little effort to complete any of them.

While I recognize that this is an unusual project, and potentially one which could have some value, it's not at all clear to me that the English Wikibooks is the right place for it. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:24, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: I'm really not sure what to do about these ones. While I recognize that this approach is certainly one method of teaching a language, I'm not sure that it constitutes an educational textbook. We do require that the English Wikibooks be written in English—for language-learning books, this typically means that the instructional parts are in English while the exercises are in the language being taught. I do think that if the language doesn't have much supporting evidence outside the book itself, it can safely be deleted. — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:01, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Author of the book here. I originally wanted to put it in the Interlingue Wikibooks https://ie.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine but it somehow got locked when I wasn't paying attention and so I ended up putting it here. Getting it unlocked requires going through the process of starting an Incubator and all the rest so I opted for here and then started putting some English-only content once it was done. It's sort of in the same vein as books like Lingua Latina per se Illustrata that have separate versions with teacher notes and whatnot. [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]] After it was done the auxlang community really took to it which was a nice surprise. I think Ido has the largest number of chapters at the moment at 15.
:If the vast content of this book could be used to justify a quick reopening of the Interlingue Wikibooks to move it there, I'd love to do that. I imagine that an incubator with 100+ book chapters would be enough to open a Wikibooks and that's what this is. — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:02, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

: Ah, I just realized that we do have a proposal to reopen the Interlingue Wikibooks: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_new_languages/Wikibooks_Interlingue along with an Incubator page here. https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wb/ie/Principal_p%C3%A1gine
: How easy would it be to migrate the entirety of Salute Jonathan to there? — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 06:30, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:: Hi @[[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]]! I'm not sure how incubator projects work, but I fully support migrating these books there. You may want to inquire over there and link to this discussion to support your request to move the content over there. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:16, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::: Hi! Actually I have a third idea to propose after thinking about this again today (haven't been here much since I finished the book): I noticed that there is more English content than I remember and that might make it an awkward fit for the Interlingue Wikibooks. I definitely agree that having all the auxlang translations for new auxlang projects goes well beyond the scope of this Wikibooks. Finally, there are some auxlangs that are notable with their own Wikipedias.
::: So the idea is the following:
:::# Leave the original here and I can continue the work on the version with English notes and grammar. That will make it the same as Lingua Latina per se Illustrata, English by the Nature Method, Athenaze and all the rest.
:::# The Interlingua one can move to the Interlingua Wikibooks (maybe Romanica too if they want as it is sort of a dialect of Interlingua).
:::# For Ido and Lingua Franca Nova which have a Wikipedia but not a Wikibooks, I'm a little bit unsure...technically they could have their own version like the original one but would require English explanations. I could let them know and see if they are willing to do so and see what they think (work on adding English to the books vs. move the content elsewhere).
:::# The rest can move to a Github repo, then be deleted, and the front page of this book can have a single link to the repo.
::: Any thoughts on that? Adding the extra English content will be easy as it is my book and I know it inside and out.
::: Edit: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Salute,_Jonathan!/Grammar_(pronouns) this page] I just added.  — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 13:50, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

:::: Thanks for taking the time to consider this! Here are my responses/questions:
::::* Is the original [[Salute, Jonathan!]] (Occidental)? Since that one is quite fleshed out, I agree that if you edit it so the primary language of the book (e.g. headers, instructions, etc) are written in English while leaving the actual story in Occidental, it would be okay and fit in more with instructional language textbooks.
::::* For your points 2 and 3, I'm not sure how those other projects work, so I'll leave it up to them. I'm not quite sure why they would need to move, since in theory they could be revised with English as the language of instruction? Although, they have been left incomplete for a long time.
::::* For your point 4, I have no problem with that. Cheers! — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 16:51, 29 September 2024 (UTC)

::::: Hello again, it's the weekend so I have a bit more time to work on this. I've decided to merge the extra content from the following five chapters since the difference is fairly small and the original chapters should now have this English content. Could you delete these five pages now that they are no longer needed? [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 1 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 2 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 3 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 4 - with notes]]
::::: [[Salute, Jonathan!/Capitul 5 - with notes]] [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:02, 5 October 2024 (UTC)
:::::: [[File:Yes_check.svg|{{#ifeq:|small|8|15}}px|link=|alt=]] {{#ifeq:|small|&lt;small&gt;|}}'''Done'''{{#ifeq:|small|&lt;/small&gt;|}} — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:34, 5 October 2024 (UTC)

::::::: Hi again! No luck trying to find a home for the random language translations on other auxlang wikis, can't find one that is actively maintained.
::::::: The thought struck me that maybe I could just put those ones on a sub page of my user page, would that be permitted? If not, I think I'll just stick them somewhere in GitHub and call it a day since none of the people who started the translations seem to care enough to do anything about them. I'd rather not see them outright disappear but since they aren't mine I don't care enough about them to do much more work than copy and paste them somewhere.
::::::: (I would leave the ones in languages with an ISO-639 code and Wikipedia here, of course) — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 14:13, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

:::::::: Thank you for checking! I don't personally see an issue with moving them to your user space right now. Cheers — [[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 17:21, 9 November 2024 (UTC)

::::::::: Thanks a lot! I've started a single page where I will put them all here [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] and will proceed slowly due to lack of time and also to avoid stepping on any toes / asking you to delete too much at a time and possibly deleting the wrong content.
::::::::: For this week I have put the content for the languages Audia, Cristianès, Guosa, Lingaust, Mini, Mirad, and Monav on that page as they all have a single page of content and didn't take much time to move. Please delete those. Once they are gone I will add a note on the main page letting people know where they have gone (in addition to a thank you for their interest in the book! I do love how many people have recognized it as a good source material for teaching a language). — [[User:Mithridates|Mithridates]] ([[User talk:Mithridates|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mithridates|contribs]]) 04:09, 10 November 2024 (UTC)

: {{keep}} the translations for languages that have an article on the English Wikipedia, i.e. Guosa, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Interlingua, Lingwa de Planeta, Negerhollands, Neo, Novial, Occidental, Romanica, Solresol, Toki Pona, and Volapük.
: Translations for languages that don't have an article can be kept if they have reliable sources, which I was able to find for the following languages (if you think they are not reliable, please let me know):
:* Globasa: [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-globasa/en/globasa/] [https://greyson.conlang.org/2020/01/29/shouting-out-globasa-and-pandunia/]
:* Mini: [https://jprogr.github.io/mini] [https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mini.htm] [https://www.languagesandnumbers.com/how-to-count-in-mini/en/mini/]
: {{del}} and move to [[User:Mithridates/SJ]] the rest of the translations, i.e. Audià/Audian, Cristianés, Ekumenski, Germanisch, Interocidental, Lingaust, Lingue Simple, Masa Tang, Mirad, Monav, Monkel, Mundeze, Nordien, Novlingue, Numo, Proyo, and Scuian/Meteza. If you can find reliable sources for those languages, please let me know.
: In particular, I could not find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav after searching through 15 and 17 pages on Google, respectively. It doesn't help that [[Òla, Ionatà!|their]] [[Hai, Jon!|translations]] don't explain what those languages are and where to find resources for them. This makes contributing to those translations almost impossible until @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] can provide resources to us. It's possible that the resources may have disappared from the Internet, or that those languages were created by Caro de Segeda him/herself. If you can find resources for Audià/Audian and Monav, please let me know.
: I'm notifying the primary contributors of the translations: @[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]], @[[User:Frzzl|Frzzl]], @[[User:Greatscotteh|Greatscotteh]], @[[User:IHateNumbers234|IHateNumbers234]], @[[User:Jayeless2|Jayeless2]], @[[User:Morozof|Morozof]], @[[User:Omnihom|Omnihom]], @[[User:Omoutuazn|Omoutuazn]], @[[User:PovriNaivon|PovriNaivon]], @[[User:Sir Beluga|Sir Beluga]] and @[[User:Tyoyafud|Tyoyafud]]. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 09:52, 30 June 2025 (UTC)

:: Caro de Segeda said on [https://www.reddit.com/r/conlangs/comments/1lcnz9g/comment/n0sc3wx/ Reddit] that Monav was created by him/her and that he/she didn't publish any resources about it other than [[Hai, Jon!]]. With '''zero''' other resources to rely on for contributing to the translation, and the fact that Monav is in [[User:Mithridates/SJ]], [[Hai, Jon!]] should be speedy deleted. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 01:38, 3 July 2025 (UTC)

::: I've undone the speedy deletion as Caro de Segeda posted a [https://prexins.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/monav/ resource] for Monav. — [[User:EJPPhilippines|EJPPhilippines]] ([[User talk:EJPPhilippines|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EJPPhilippines|contribs]]) 07:18, 4 July 2025 (UTC)

:::: You can delete all the ones that I have created myself, I have already moved them to other places. — [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Caro de Segeda|contribs]]) 12:39, 5 July 2025 (UTC)

{{outdent|::::}}I don't know if this is helpful since it wouldn't apply to most of these, but [[s:mul:]] could hold some of these. — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 09:18, 30 November 2025 (UTC)

: I don't think that would be within the scope of that project. I'm not aware of any other situation where Wikisource publishes translations of texts created on Wikimedia projects - that's usually left up to other language editions of the same project. — [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:34, 1 December 2025 (UTC)

:: In this situation there isn't a separate [[s:ie:]] distinct from Multilingual Wikisource (see [[meta:Wikisource#List of Wikisources]]). In fact, there are very few multilingual wikis in the Wikimedia sphere; while this project ''could'' move to a Miraheze-hosted or similar wiki farm location, I think it would be a missed opportunity. I suppose an [[Interlingue]] book could be started in [[shelf:Constructed languages]] which would have all 100 chapters as an appendix (and likewise for the other languages), but that also seems non-ideal since it requires an English-language text that doesn't currently exist to be created. [[WB:AT]] seems to describe a similar situation to this one and prescribe Wikisource as the solution, and [[WB:SOURCE]] mentions fiction as out-of-scope for Wikibooks (even as in this case, language-educational fiction). [[s:mul:Wikisource:about Wikisource]] simply speaks of source texts and doesn't mention publication requirements, so maybe that is specific to some of the monolingual editions? — [[User:Arlo Barnes|Arlo Barnes]] ([[User talk:Arlo Barnes|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Arlo Barnes|contribs]]) 22:28, 5 December 2025 (UTC)

:{{keep}} 100% keep. These books are a core part of language textbooks on Wikibooks and have been for years. Not sure why this is even being debated.--[[User:Xania|Xania]] [[Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg|15px]]  [[Image:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|15px]] [[User talk:Xania|&lt;sup&gt;talk&lt;/sup&gt;]] 17:55, 16 May 2026 (UTC)

::With all due respect, some of the books included in this nomination (like [[Sin Chao, Jonathan!]]) are written in constructed languages which are not substantially attested anywhere else. I struggle to imagine any educational purpose for such a book. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 00:12, 17 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[International Baccalaureate]] ==

Not actually a book in and of itself; rather, it is just a compilation of links to other books —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:24, 18 October 2024 (UTC)
: Could this be salvaged as a shelf? [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 05:23, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
::Probably, but are the linked books even useful? IB exams change from year to year - sometimes quite dramatically - so an old exam guide is of very limited value. Many of these books were written 10-15 years ago, and some of them (like [[IB French]]) even have comments indicating that they're no longer applicable. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:18, 8 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[Character List for Baxter&amp;Sagart]] ==

Seems completely out of scope as an educational book; it's just a list of characters and outlinks —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:53, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:Adding [[Character List for Karlgren's GSR]] and [[Character List for Schuessler's CGSR]] for the same reason —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 23:55, 18 October 2024 (UTC)

:These three books do make a package and I agree they should be considered together. However, I strongly object to deleting them. They are really extremely useful resources. I use them every week and I know that many people who do work on Old Chinese phonology do so. There are lots of books out there that are lists of characters, these are called dictionaries. For example Axel Schuessler's ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, or Pulleyblank's Lexicon of Reconstructed Pronunciation in Early Middle Chinese, Late Middle Chinese, and Early Mandarin. I see it as entirely a good thing for reference works of this kind to be available free online rather than only in expensive books in university research libraries. If this is in violation of a Wikibooks policy, I would at least like that policy to be drawn to my attention and to have some constructive comment offered about which Wikiproject such a resource should fall under. I will also say on a personal note that I have put literally hundreds of hours of work into these projects and it would grieve me a lot to see this work simply vanish, in particular when I know that colleagues around the world use these books. --[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 07:27, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::Hi @[[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]], and thank you for the feedback! Official Wikibooks policy does not permit standalone dictionaries (see [[WB:DICT]]), though I understand the argument that it is a useful resource. I am wondering if there might be a home for it at [[Wiktionary:Wiktionary:Welcome, newcomers|Wiktionary]] or [[Wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]]? Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 12:14, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
:::The policy says to use Wiktionary, but these books cannot be moved there. In fact they link there, you can understand me as having made an index to wiktionary, if you like, where the ORDER of the characters is extremely important, information that would be lost in Wiktionary. 
:::Wikiversity is not a project I participate in, and in any event my books here are older than it, so this option was not available for me at the relevant moment. If you are offering to move my books to Wikiversity, that is very kind of you and I will very graciously accept. [[User:Tibetologist|Tibetologist]] ([[User talk:Tibetologist|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Tibetologist|contribs]]) 14:10, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::::I have pinged over at Wikiversity Colloquium to ask about suitability and have looped you into the conversation over there. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:20, 1 November 2024 (UTC)
::I concur. I'm just an undergrad who tries to learn about Sino-Tibetan historical linguistics in his free time but I've found this wikibook to be incredibly useful, and I keep it open in one tab while I watch Professor Nathan Hill's lectures that he uploads to youtube in another tab, and another tab for taking notes. In fact if I remember correctly Professor Hill actually pointed his students to this wikibook. 
::I'm not familiar with [[wikiversity:Wikiversity:SHARE|Wikiversity]] but if all the content were as accessible there as it is here then I think that could work.  [[User:ChromeBones|ChromeBones]] ([[User talk:ChromeBones|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ChromeBones|contribs]]) 02:43, 9 July 2025 (UTC)
:Per [[:v:Wikiversity:Colloquium#Import_Resource_From_Wikibooks?]], I recommend copying and pasting, including attribution via the edit summary and talk page, add appropriate categories and links, and then it could be deleted locally. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:32, 3 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[Suomen kieli käyttöön]] ==

Multiple pages in this book are written entirely in Finnish, which is out of the enWB scope. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:09, 19 October 2024 (UTC)

:I was going to say whether we should ask any fiwikibooks sysop to maybe see if this could be transwikied to fiwb if it's within the scope there. But [[:fi:Toiminnot:Käyttäjät/sysop]] indicates that there are only 3 sysops, and only {{u|Anr}} and {{u|Zache}} have made edits this ''year''. If they deem it to be salvageable, then transwiki + delete, otherwise straight-up delete. --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 11:24, 14 November 2024 (UTC)
::It seems that the idea behind the book was for the pages to be bilingual, as it’s a language learning book. That’s why there are Finnish texts included intentionally even on the pages that are complete. There are similar books in dewikibooks and ruwikibooks as well. For the English version, I think the easiest way to proceed would be to clean up and adjust the page layout to fit enwikibooks better, and then translate the missing parts. By the way, if anyone wants to update the book’s name in English, it can be titled ''&quot;Using the Finnish Language&quot;'' or ''&quot;Put Finnish Language into Use&quot;'' for a direct translation.   [[User:Zache|Zache]] ([[User talk:Zache|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Zache|contribs]]) 11:57, 14 November 2024 (UTC)

== [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]] ==

* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/MEdia Net Configuration]]
* [[AT&amp;T Mobility FAQ/Data Connect Configuration]]
An ''extremely'' outdated FAQ on AT&amp;T's cell phone services. Most of this document was written 20+ years ago as a Usenet FAQ; very little of it is accurate or useful anymore (particularly the two subpages, which have to do with obsolete configurations for &quot;tethering&quot; a computer to a cell phone). No objection if someone wants to update it, but there's clearly been no appetite to do that. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:20, 30 December 2024 (UTC)

:I'm wondering if it might make sense for us to develop some kind of policy on archiving books here. There are many like this one that have a good deal of content but are extremely out of date and just not useful as originally intended. ——[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:34, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: See the newly developed [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 00:16, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Ooh, thanks - something like that seems like it could be an appropriate way to handle this book. A lot of the other outdated books I've tagged have been so incomplete that they wouldn't have been particularly useful even as historical references; this one might at least have some interest.
:::Any chance we can get a separate namespace (maybe &quot;Archive:&quot;) set up for archived book content? That'd make it possible to do things like exclude them from on-site search by default. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:07, 31 December 2024 (UTC)
::::I think this might be a more extended discussion, so I'll bump it over to the [[Wikibooks talk:Outdated books|talk page of the draft policy]]! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:54, 31 December 2024 (UTC)

== Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials ==

I personally believe that [[Algebra/Chapter 10/Symmetric Polynomials|this]], and all of the sections should be deleted for the fact that this goes WAY beyond the scope of what was intended for the Chapter (Algebra II level polynomials). [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 15:07, 6 February 2025 (UTC)

:'''Split''': Deletion here is not the best solution (see [[w:WP:ATD]]). Instead, this page and its subpages should be moved to another book, most likely [[Abstract Algebra]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:35, 6 February 2025 (UTC)
:{{keep}} since there is a good amount of content. If [[Abstract Algebra]] is appropriate, it seems like a fine idea to move there. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 22:59, 7 February 2025 (UTC)
::Eh, yeah, I supposed moving it is better. I just don't think it's suitable for where it appears. [[User:GoreyCat|GoreyCat]] ([[User talk:GoreyCat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GoreyCat|contribs]]) 01:40, 8 February 2025 (UTC)
== [[Puredyne]] ==

Development of Puredyne Linux was discontinued in 2012, and the software no longer appears to be available for download anywhere. (An archive of the web site is still up - with a bunch of embedded spam links - but the download links are all dead.) Is this a suitable candidate for archival (cf. [[Wikibooks:Outdated books]]), or should it just be deleted? [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 04:35, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

:I'd just archive stuff like this. Looks like a decent bit of work went into it, and you never know when someone might need to use Puredyne for some obscure project. I'd be willing to bet mirrors exist of it somewhere, or someone has it on a drive. If you want to find some stuff worth deleting, comb through [[:Category:Allbooks categories]]. [[User:MediaKyle|MediaKyle]] ([[User talk:MediaKyle|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaKyle|contribs]]) 11:30, 5 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Template:Qr-twwp]] ==
This isn't exactly a request to delete the template, but rather to merge it with {{tlx|Copypaste}}. The {{tlx|Qr-twwp}} template serves the same purpose as {{tlx|Copypaste}}, but without the seven-day period after which the page is deleted. This leads to confusion, as well as a perpetually full [[:Category:Queried pages]]. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 17:37, 30 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[Ghouls of the Miskatonic]] ==

I don't think that a plot summary of a book is in-scope here. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:43, 20 August 2025 (UTC)

:{{vd}} - at least, not a summary of ''this'' book. A summary and/or study guide to a notable work of literature might be in scope, but this is certainly not one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:23, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
::Hi. I am the creator of the pages of this book. If I understand correctly, it has to be a summary of a notable work of literature? So what exactly is defined as such? I only started this as I thought it would be fun, interesting and encouraging to others who read the Arkham Horror novels, and I thought it was permitted as I've seen other summaries of books on wikibooks. [[User:Dayne90|Dayne90]] ([[User talk:Dayne90|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dayne90|contribs]]) 13:27, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
:::Your problem is it is just the plot... it needs to include an educational textual analysis to be in scope [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 12:47, 28 August 2025 (UTC)
::::And ideally it'd be a text which has ''already'' been the subject of literary analysis, such that the analysis on Wikibooks isn't original research. A notable work of literature like ''Frankenstein'' or ''Moby-Dick'' would easily meet that requirement; a tie-in novel for a tabletop RPG probably does not. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:08, 29 August 2025 (UTC)

== [[Objective Projection: Why the Brain Never Forgets Some Stories]] ==

Undisclosed AI-generated content. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 02:13, 9 May 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''Keep'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; — Comment from page author/subject expert.
:I am Levent Bulut, the originator of the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Objective Projection&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; methodology described in this book (ORCID: 0009-0007-7500-2261, Wikidata: Q138048287). I want to address the AI-generated content concern directly and transparently.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On the content itself:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; The methodology, theoretical framework (the six-variable operator E(r) = projS(M, T, V, Δ, Ω, Ng), the Six Golden Rules, the Six-Layer Framework), and all original arguments are my own intellectual work, developed and published independently. This is documented through:
:* 26 DOI-registered academic publications on Zenodo (search: &quot;Levent Bulut Objective Projection&quot;)
:* A peer-reviewed submission currently under review at &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Digital Humanities Quarterly&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:* Parallel Turkish-language Wikibook and Wikiversity pages on the same methodology
:* An open-source SFT dataset on Hugging Face (leventbulut/objective-projection)
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;On AI assistance:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I used AI tools (Claude) for English translation polish and copy-editing from my Turkish source materials — the same way a non-native English-speaking academic would use a human translator or editor. The &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ideas, structure, terminology, citations, and arguments&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; are entirely my own and pre-date the Wikibooks version, traceable through Zenodo DOI timestamps starting in 2025.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Proposed remedy instead of deletion:&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt; I am happy to:
:# Add a clear AI-assistance disclosure to the book's preface, per Wikibooks transparency norms
:# Add inline citations to the underlying DOI-registered publications for every major claim
:# Link to the parallel Turkish version and academic record
:This would address the &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;undisclosed&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; part of the concern (which is the actionable policy issue) while preserving content that is original academic work by an identifiable author with a published track record. Deletion of original scholarship because translation assistance was used would set a concerning precedent for non-native English contributors.
:&lt;nowiki&gt;I request a few days to add the disclosure and citations before any deletion action. ~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt; [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 18:46, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::Administrative assistance needed: Automated filters blocking structural improvements and disclosures
::'''Request for Help''' — I am Levent Bulut, the author of this book. I have already provided my AI disclosure and academic credentials (ORCID, DOI list) here in this discussion.
::I am trying to update the book to comply with Wikibooks standards by:
::Adding a formal '''AI assistance disclosure''' at the top of the page.
::Restructuring the content into an '''instructional textbook format''' (adding Learning Objectives).
::Converting plain text formulas into '''LaTeX''' ( format).
::Updating references to include full academic '''DOI''' records.
::However, the automated filter is blocking all my attempts:
::If I try to replace the content with the improved version, it triggers the '''&quot;large amount of content removal&quot;''' filter.
::If I try to add specific academic links, it triggers the '''&quot;automated link/spam&quot;''' filter.
::I am essentially trapped by the filters while trying to improve the book and follow transparency norms. Could an administrator please either whitelist my account or manually apply the improved version of the text? I am ready to provide the full MediaWiki code here if requested. My intent is purely constructive and academic. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|&amp;#126;2026-28847-60]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-28847-60|talk]]) 19:15, 13 May 2026 (UTC)
::: Hi, @[[User:~2026-28847-60|~2026-28847-60]]. Your account was incorrectly locked by a steward. It is now currently unlocked. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:44, 15 May 2026 (UTC)
:::: Pinging @[[User:Projection Architect|Projection Architect]], who was previously LeventBulut. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:51, 4 July 2026 (UTC)
::Please review [[Wikibooks:Artificial intelligence]]. It states unequivocally that {{tq|LLMs may not be used to generate or summarize material and ideas at Wikibooks}}, and that {{tq|translations made by LLMs are not allowed on Wikibooks}}. The fact that you did not disclose your usage of AI is part of the problem, but disclosing it does not make it allowable either.
::More broadly, based on what you've said above, the content of this book is a reflection of your personal theories on writing. This is essentially [[Wikibooks:Original research]] and is not permitted. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:36, 13 May 2026 (UTC)

== [[Suicide]] ==

I realize this book has been nominated for deletion before ([[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide|1]], [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide (2)|2]], [[Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Suicide/Suffocation|3]]), but it's been over ten years since the last nomination. The project's position on what material is in its educational scope has shifted, as have some of the facts on the ground.

* The chartered purpose of Wikibooks is to produce &quot;open-content textbooks&quot; (cf. [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?]]) which are suitable for use in an instructional environment. Providing educational information about suicide in the context of psychiatry could certainly be in scope, as psychiatry is an educational topic; however, instructional material on how to commit suicide is not an educational topic, and should not be considered in scope.
* This book is, and has always been, primarily intended as an instructional work guiding users on how to commit suicide. It provides effectively no meaningful analytical content ''about'' suicide as a topic. Most of the original content in the book was imported from an early-2000s wiki associated with the &lt;code&gt;alt.suicide.holiday&lt;/code&gt; Usenet group, the &quot;ASH wiki&quot;, which was specifically and unequivocally dedicated to describing and recommending methods by which readers could commit suicide, and this has carried through to the current version of the book.
* Most of the content in the book was removed in 2020 (by redirecting it to the book's main page, e.g. [[Special:Diff/3660495]]) over concerns that it was created by a WMF-banned user ([[User:Leucosticte]]), and because it was likely in violation of the ASH wiki's (unclear) copyright. These changes removed most of the content of the book; much of what remains is image gallery pages like [[Suicide/Blades]] which have no educational value.

Suicide is a sensitive topic; if it is covered by a textbook, it should be covered tastefully and with an aim to educate. This book is largely the opposite of that. Having it here is doing more harm than good.

If this book is deleted, the following related pages should be deleted as well:
* [[Template:Suicide methods]]
* [[Template:Infobox suicide method]] (currently unused)
* [[User:Leucosticte/About ASH]] - from the ASH wiki, as mentioned above
* [[User:Leucosticte/Frequently Asked Questions]] - also from the ASH wiki
[[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 22:41, 21 July 2026 (UTC)
: {{keep|weak keep}} a)&amp;nbsp;Age is no argument. There are many stale underdeveloped books I would rather delete than keeping around. b)&amp;nbsp;The book’s topic is exceptionally difficult to write about. ''This'' impedes collaborative authoring. c)&amp;nbsp;The book does not really explain ''how'' to commit suicide (like a step‐by‐step guide), neither is it the book’s learning objective. d)&amp;nbsp;Even if ''you construed'' the chapter summarizing various suicide methods ''as instructions'', instructional material on how to commit suicide ''is'' an educational topic. In most ''present‐day societies'' it is not ''ethical'' to teach students how to commit suicide, though. e)&amp;nbsp;Therefore the correct path is to first alter the [[WB:WIW#Wikibooks includes instructional texts|project scope]] to censor books on ethical grounds ''and then'' nominate the book for censorship. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 04:50, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
::Re. c: most of the explicit directions were edited out in 2020, as noted in my nomination, but are still visible in page history. For a couple of explicit examples, see e.g. [[Special:Permalink/3318613]] or [[Special:Permalink/3654645]]. Providing specific instructions was the original intent of this book, and it has never escaped that legacy. If someone were interested in writing a book ''about'' the phenomenon of suicide, they would be better off starting afresh. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 05:26, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
*'''Delete all'''. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:17, 28 July 2026 (UTC)
* '''Delete all''' per the nomination above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 02:17, 30 July 2026 (UTC)
* '''Keep''' with caution. Rename to &quot;suicide prevention&quot;?--[[User:TunnelESON|TunnelESON]] ([[User talk:TunnelESON|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/TunnelESON|contribs]]) 04:03, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
*:Re. the rename: absolutely not. There is no content in the book about suicide prevention. If you are interested in writing a book on that topic, please start a new one. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 18:48, 5 September 2026 (UTC)

:{{keep}} - 
:1. &quot;instructional material on how to commit suicide is not an educational topic&quot; - I think it can be construed as one depending on the person (and does not have to imply that the person is at risk)
:2. Not a reason.
:3. Not a reason. It is up to the community to decide whether to accept a banned user's work. [[User:Leaderboard|Leaderboard]] ([[User talk:Leaderboard|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Leaderboard|contribs]]) 13:37, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== [[User:PETER A. SAUL/You Become What You Think: Transform Your Life]] ==
{{closed|This was already speedily deleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:57, 6 September 2026 (UTC)}}
Overall reads like a violation of [[WB:SOAP]]. Mass addition of pages. Bold claims with no reputable sources/support. See e.g. [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 9|here]]. Markdown errors that suggest LLM use (e.g. [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 16|here]], [[Peter A. Saul: Personal Development and Mindset Anthology/You Become What You Think/Chapter 17|here]], etc. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:21, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

:I'll also note a significant amount of self-promo. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:32, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
:'''Speedy delete''' Obviously inappropriate. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:17, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
::{{done}}. I was on the fence for speedy, but since another admin agrees, I went ahead and deleted. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:38, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}

== [[User:PETER A. SAUL/Why 95 Percent of Your Life Is a Lie: How to Control Your Mind]] ==
{{closed|This was already speedily deleted. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:58, 6 September 2026 (UTC)}}
Same reasons as RFD for other pages by this editor. Violation of [[WB:SOAP]], no support for extreme claims, potential LLM use, self-promo. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 14:28, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

:'''Speedy delete''' Obviously inappropriate. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:17, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
::{{done}}. As with other contributions. —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:38, 5 August 2026 (UTC)
{{end closed}}</text>
      <sha1>qe9x0zixa8d6juv0psy5mrlu4ywa68y</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Spanish/Exercises/Verbs ser And estar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>853</id>
    <revision>
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      <text bytes="3000" sha1="1oiqf2ac2rhoqrpou7h1mxpaab4mhpq" xml:space="preserve">[[Spanish/Lesson 1| ^Lesson 1^]]
----
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo &quot;ser&quot;.
''Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb &quot;ser&quot; (to be).''


{|  border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;
|-
| Inglés: || Español
|-
| ''English:'' || ''Spanish:''
|-
| -- || --
|-
| I '''am''' your brother. || Yo soy tu hermano.
|-
| I '''am''' your sister. || Yo soy tu hermana.
|-
| You '''are''' my friend. || Tú eres mi amigo.
|-
| You '''are''' my boss || Usted es mi jefe
|-
| He '''is''' a good man. || Él es un buen hombre.
|-
| She '''is''' a traveller. || Ella es una viajera.
|-
| We '''are''' students. || Nosotros somos estudiantes.
|-
| You '''are''' dangerous. || Vosotros sos peligrosos.
|-
| You '''are''' Spaniards || Vosotras sos españolas
|-
| You '''are''' Argentinians || Ustedes es argentinos
|-
| They '''are''' people. || Ellos son personas.
|}
----
Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo &quot;estar&quot;.
''Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb &quot;estar&quot; (to be).''


{|  border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;
|-
| Inglés || Español
|-
| ''English'' || ''Spanish''
|-
| -- || --
|-
| I '''am''' in my home. || Yo estoy en mi casa.
|-
| You '''are''' in the correct place. || Tú esta en el sitio correcto.
|-
| You '''are''' angry. || Tú estas enojado.
|-
| You '''are''' happy || Usted esta contento
|-
| He '''is''' in Europe. || Él esta en Europa.
|-
| She '''is''' sad. || Ella esta triste.
|-
| We '''are''' in the Americas. || Nosotros estamos en América.
|-
| You '''are''' in Africa. || Vosotros estais en África.
|-
| They '''are''' ill. || Ellos estan enfermos.
|}
----------------------------

Llena los espacios en blanco con la forma verbal correcta del verbo &quot;ser&quot; o &quot;estar&quot;.
''Fill the blank spaces with the correct form of the verb &quot;ser&quot; or &quot;estar&quot; (to be).''


{|  border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;60%&quot;
|-
|  
Inglés:                      
|
Español
|-
|
''English:''
|
''Spanish:''
|-
| -- || --
|-
| I '''am''' in China.
| Yo '''estoy''' en China.''(soy/estoy)''
|-
| You '''are''' my friend. || Tú eres mi amigo.''(eres/estás)''
|-
| You '''are''' there. || Tú estas allí. ''(eres/estás)''
|-
| She '''is''' my sister.
| Ella es mi hermana. ''(es/está)''
|-
| He '''is''' ill. || Él esta enfermo. ''(es/está)''
|-
| We '''are''' ready.
| Nosotros estamos preparados. ''(somos/estamos)''
|-
| We '''are''' intelligent. ||
Nosotros somos inteligentes. ''(somos/estamos)''
|-
| You '''are''' in Europe for Christmas.
| Vosotros estais en Europa para Navidad. ''(sois/estáis)''
|-
| You '''are''' sad. ||
Vosotras estais tristes. ''(sois/estáis)''
|-
| They '''are''' sympathetic. ||
Ellas estan comprensivas. ''(son/están)''
|-
| They '''are''' interesting people. ||
Ellos son gente interesante. ''(son/están)''
|}
----------------------------------------
[[Spanish/Exercises/Verbs_ser_And_estar_-_Solutions|Soluciones a los ejercicios]] ''Solution to exercices''

[[Spanish/Lesson 1| ^Lesson 1^]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>CACS/Hardware Introduction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>4669167</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
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      <comment>typo</comment>
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      <text bytes="1562" sha1="ou1zm35mrkpyy3fr3o1ni00pzn21x2s" xml:space="preserve">This part contains a survey of the world of computer hardware.
This chapter introduces computer hardware and provides a very short history of computing.
This section introduces the computing environment through a brief history of computers and an overview of the subjects within hardware.
==Outline of computer history==
There is some disagreement about when the digital age began. After all, the Babylonians used a kind of abacus about 500 BC. If we call it the computer age, we can get a much cleaner mark. 1951 was a watershed year, and two events identify it as the beginning. The UNIVAC became the first commercially available digital computer. That same year a research team at MIT completed the first user-interactive computer (named Whirlwind) that used a keyboard and a television screen or CRT.
Considering developments by decades gives a pretty clear picture of the evolution of computers.
*'''1950s the vacuum tube decade''' - introduction of computers and their use in business and major scientific research;
*'''1960s the mainframe decade'''  - transistor-based computers used in business;
*'''1970s the PC decade''' - the first CPU on a chip to widely available personal computers;
*'''1980s the software decade''' - windows, games, and spreadsheets make the PC useful;
*'''1990s the internet decade''' - creation and then commercialization of the Web.

===Vacuum tubes===
computer hardware notes


===Mainframes===
===Personal Computers===
===Applications===
===World Wide Web===

==Computer Hardware==
All notes of Computer hardware

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Spanish/Exercises/Greetings</title>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>3625348</id>
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      <comment>/* Matching Sentences */</comment>
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      <text bytes="558" sha1="hexgldqwco3wn66lqrlajjl2pldcmqc" xml:space="preserve">[[Spanish/Lesson 1| ^Lesson 1^]]
----

==Matching Sentences==
Match the sentences/questions (1 to 5) to their corresponding responses (a to e).


{| width=&quot;350px&quot;
| 1. ¿Cómo estás? 
|b|| a. Hola.
|-
| 2. Gracias. 
|d|| b. Estoy bien.
|-
| 3. Adiós. 
|e|| c. Me llamo Thomas.
|-
| 4. ¿Cómo te llamas? 
|c|| d. De nada.
|-
| 5. Buenos días. 
|a|| e. Hasta luego.
|}
 
----------------------------------------
[[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings - Solutions|Soluciones a los ejercicios]] ''Solutions to exercices''

[[Spanish/Lesson 1| ^Lesson1^]]

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      <text bytes="567" sha1="5162j829td2ta4tdlhhqum8jai9qegk" xml:space="preserve">[[Spanish/Lesson 1| ^Lesson 1^]]
----

==Matching Sentences==
Match the sentences/questions (1 to 5) to their corresponding responses (a to e).


{| width=&quot;350px&quot;
| 1. ¿Cómo estás? || a. Hola.
|-
| 2. Gracias. || b. Estoy bien.
|-
| 3. Adiós. || c. Me llamo Thomas.
|-
| 4. ¿Cómo te llamas? || d. De nada.
|-
| 5. Buenos días. || e. Hasta luego.
|}
1.b  2.d  3.e  4.d  5.a  
----------------------------------------
[[Spanish/Exercises/Greetings - Solutions|Soluciones a los ejercicios]] ''Solutions to exercices''

[[Spanish/Lesson 1| ^Lesson1^]]

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Intelligence Intensification/Information Sifting</title>
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        <id>248949</id>
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      <text bytes="3595" sha1="fc25dhrtxoj7zdwdf1o2uqpdbl7rxxy" xml:space="preserve">{{IITOC}}

Working in the IT field I come across an unimaginable amount of data on a regular basis in just dealing with day-to-day issues.  ''Any'' task is like that these days - and especially to someone who knows nothing of the task until it's presented.

The main thing to remember here is organization.  The method you use to organize the data is not important - only that you stick to it for the most part.  If something doesn't fit then you either change the item you're having a problem with...or you change your system of organization.

Ever watch a flock of birds?  One thing you'll notice is that if you try to focus on all the birds at once you'll most likely get confused.  If you focus on, say, one bird out of the flock, then you've mentally organized that one bird out of the flock.  Guess what...if you keep adding birds out of the flock until you've looked at them all then you've ''organized'' the flock in your mind.  Information in the day-to-day world is no different.

Breaking down information into chunks you can deal with is absolutely vital to understanding and remembering.  After all, without training you couldn't recall a whole book from memory, right?  But you could recall important parts of it. Eventually, if you keep adding to those parts then you would at some point recall the entire book. In another context, this technique has been known for roughly two millennia. Remember the Latin phrase ''divide et impera'' ([[w:Divide and rule|divide and rule]])?

Now, how this relates to sifting is most of the time pretty simple.  Organize the data, but focus on the stuff you want.  For instance if you want to observe only the red birds in the flock then focus on the color red.  Sounds pretty easy right?  Well...yes and no.

When dealing with large amounts of data you have to do a little estimation of chance up front.

What's that mean?  Let's say your family bakes a pie with a ring in it for the holiday.  Whoever gets the ring wins a prize.  You really want that prize so you focus on the ring.  Thus you ask some questions of yourself:

''Does the ring have any special properties I can use to identify it?''

''Does the ring affect the piece of pie it's in in any way?''

''Is there anywhere in the pie I ''know'' the ring is not located?''

Suppose the ring is copper and turns the pie green.  Then you know that any piece of pie that is the normal color is less likely to have the ring in it.

That narrows your focus by a certain amount.

Suppose the ring is also pretty big, so the pie bulges where the ring is.  Then you know that any flat piece of pie will not have the ring in it.

That narrows your focus again.

You keep going with this method until you've found the ring.

Some things that help this process:

''Learning to speed-read.  There are plenty of courses out there for this.''

''Good language skills for the materials you're searching.''

''Frequent breaks.  Spending too much time sifting often blurs your focus.''

Focus on one thing at a time.  You get more done that way.  Remember, sunlight spread out only warms things up, but sunlight focused on one place with a magnifying glass can burn holes in things.  

Know what you want.  Know what you are looking for.  If you don't know, how will you know if you find it?  

Delegate.   Get people to help you.  Parallel searching is helpful, as long as you make sure they know what they are looking for.  


It's horribly cliche, but big mountains are just piles of pebbles stacked on top of each other.  Information is the same...


=== Next ===
[[../Speed Reading/]]

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  <page>
    <title>Aros/Developer/Docs</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>4669150</id>
      <parentid>4668984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T07:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
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      <text bytes="125202" sha1="9dchmlr1ujfo0gqfew5tydck92o73rp" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}

==A technical overview of AROS==

Google translation [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Polish],
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Portuguese]

{{Uncited}}

AROS,&lt;ref&gt;[http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php References and sources]&lt;/ref&gt; like AmigaOS (TM), is a [[w:Message passing|message-passing]], [[w:Preemption (computing)|preemptive]] [[w:Multitasking|multitasking]] [[w:Operating system|OS]].

It uses [[w:Reentrant (subroutine)|re-entrant]] shared libraries to save memory space.

AROS is based around an executive library kernel (Exec) and two other libraries:

* Exec (the &quot;kernel&quot;, which is not a kernel in the modern sense), 
* Intuition (graphics and GUI, integrated into the system) and 
* AmigaDOS (Disk Operating System, the Metacomco's Tripos modified to work with Exec).

The design philosophies of AmigaDOS and Intuition are rather different, the former adopting a C-like API and the latter creating an [http://www.basden.demon.co.uk/amiga/amiga.oo.html object-oriented], message passing aware environment for the programmer. The system base is the only absolute address in AmigaOS (located at 0x00000004) this does differ with AROS as AROS SysBase is automatically provided (no $4) but everything else is dynamically loaded. The OS is well known for delivering high performance due to its close connections with the hardware, while simultaneously having the flexibility to support re-targetable graphics (Cybergraphics) and retargetable audio subsystems (AHI).

: Diagram showing relationships of libraries to system needed


Remember, AROS is a [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/ABIv1 research] operating system, and while all contributions to the base AROS code are welcome, please contact the dev list first for any core changes. Writing applications for AROS does not have this requirement. 

While AROS appears and feels almost feature complete, it is still [[Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs|missing a small number of functions]] from the Amiga API. 


[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1201 This thread provides] information for setup, [http://www.aros.org/documentation/developers/index.php documentation] and whether you are interested in core OS changes and/or writing/porting software apps 

*you compile directly under AROS, which can be running on either real hardware, virtual hardware
*in hosted mode under linux/window, cross-compile from that host OS (save your files as ISO-8859-15 encoding instead of UTF-8) [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker images] 


'''The repository''' for 64bit and 32bit ABIv1 all hardware platforms is [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS current development version]. 
There are many forks of this so that developers can work on their own and forward changes at a later date as discussed on the dev forum 


64bit PC is one of two hardware platform with another fork called [https://github.com/deadwood2/AROS abiv11] which is used for Aros One x64 PC 

32bit PC is the other fork [https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/tree/alt-abiv0 repository for current stable PC version ABIv0 with backported ABIv1 features is located which is used on AROS One and Icaros x86 32bit based distros] this is for historic reasons 


Any [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues bugs / issues can be added for ABIv1 issues]. The two individual PC forks have their own issues tab on their github webpages 

We have a [https://arosdevteam.slack.com/archives/CUFV48U3H slack here], discord on [https://discord.gg/UKp9qdEBuQ Discord@AmigaDev], 


==Software Development for AROS==

===Programming languages===

====Common to all====

'The Developer Environment', which primarily supports C/C++ code, there are other scripting programming languages available 

:[[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]] 
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LUA|LUA]] 
:REXX [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|Regina (AROS' ARexx)]] 


====Needs to be compiled/ported====

::[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LLVM|LLVM]] 
::Python [ Info], [], 
::[https://ae.arosworld.org/index.php?board=11.0 FreePascal FPC Aros-Exec thread], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language fpc arm here is very old and will not work], FreePascal for AROS has its own [http://fpcaroswiki.alb42.de/ Wikibook], 


::[http://sourceforge.net/projects/xamos/ X-Amos Basic] 
::[http://sdlbasic.sourceforge.net/ SDLBasic] ([https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language ])
::[[Aros/Developer/Basic/Basic4SDL|Basic4SDL]] ([https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language ])
::[http://alvyn.sourceforge.net/ Alvyn] ([http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/MISC.14.html download]) 


::[http://www.airsoftsoftwair.com/ Hollywood when enough users warrant a port - paid one time fee language] 


::[[Aros/Developer/Docs/E|AmigaE Portable E]]


====Hardware Restricted====

'''Basic'''

:[http://amos.pspuae.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html '''Amos Pro'''] [http://amos.pspuae.com/index.php?action=forum#1 compatible] [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php/Main_Page commands] (all incomplete) 

:'''Blitz Basic''' [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=46537#forumpost46537 none on AROS] 
:: [http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz] on amiga(TM) emulator

:'''Amiga Basic'''
:: [ ACEBasic]

'''Misc''' 
:Ruby [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en Info]/[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Ruby 32bit PC], 


===Where to get the C/C++ Environment===

If you want to develop for AROS, its generally easier to be running linux hosted AROS development environment especially for C++, cross compiling the code. That's how most developers now are doing it. g++ is used to compile owb web browser as well as some other AROS software. If you were hoping for a rich set of C++ libraries or classes defined for the OS feature set, you might be disappointed.

AROS Native compiling is possible, but you're much more likely to run into the odd bug(s) in the dev environment since it gets little testing and fixing by other developers.

Is there a sftp software or scp over ssh available?
Maybe. At least the security part would be handled by [https://github.com/jens-maus/amissl amissl] [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc port]. [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus5] has recently added sftp support. See here for a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1974&amp;highlight=ssh&amp;pid=12073#post_12073 ssh scp client]

[https://arosdevteam.slack.com/join/shared_invite/enQtOTc4Mzg0NDIzNzQ0LWQ2NWZmNmMwNGIwNGEyNTgxNzU3MGFjMTk3ZThmOTQ1MTVjMzhmNTllYWQ0ZTUxMjBjMGE0Y2VjMDJmNTc5MzI#/shared-invite/email Slack Dev Forum] 


====Cross compilers from Windows or Linux====

*Windows WSL2 walkthrough can be [https://arosnews.github.io/how-to-cross-compile-aros-hosted-wsl/ found here] 


you want to build AROS. No problem.

Here are instructions for PC 64-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/master/INSTALL.md

Here are instructions for PC 32-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/alt-abiv0/INSTALL.md

And as always has been the case you can use the contrib archive to 'obtain' the development directory which contains the /native/ AROS gcc compiler and tools. That compiler is used to build AROS itself but can be used outside the AROS build process by providing --sysroot with indicated directory to cross compile for AROS.


'''64 bit'''


'''32 bit'''

A good option for multiple OS is [https://axrt.org/index.php?tab=download-aros AxRuntime lets developers compile their Amiga API-based applications as Linux binaries being able to utilize modern development tools available on Linux, like IDEs, debuggers, profilers, etc] 


Older 32bit guides for Linux hosted compiler

Please install these packages before moving to next step. Below is a reference list for Debian-based distributions. Reference build system was Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 amd64.

subversion git-core gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libx11-dev libxext-dev libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libxxf86vm-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib libsdl1.2-dev byacc python-mako libxcursor-dev cmake zsh mingw64

Do all of these operations under home directory of your user or another directory where your user has write permissions.

Specifically, in a section &quot;Linux-i386&quot;, be sure first to build the cross-compiler (toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386) and only then AROS itself (alt-abiv0-linux-i386).


Clone &amp; build
&lt;pre&gt;
$ mkdir myrepo
$ cd myrepo
$ git clone https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS.git AROS
$ cd AROS
$ git checkout alt-abiv0
$ cd ..
$ cp ./AROS/scripts/rebuild.sh .
$ ./rebuild.sh
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now to the build selection below - Linux-i386 

Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 - Select alt-abiv0-linux-i386 (DEBUG) 

Start AROS by:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-linux-i386/bin/linux-i386/AROS
$ ./Arch/linux/AROSBootstrap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Pc-i386 Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 (if not built yet) - Select alt-abiv0-pc-i386

ISO image available in alt-abiv0-pc-i386/distfiles


Now that we have linux-hosted build, we can resume native (option 2).
Run ./rebuild.sh and selection option 2. Wait until it finished, then:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-pc-i386
$ make
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now
&lt;pre&gt;
$ make bootiso
&lt;/pre&gt;


Now, your compiler is located in toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 directory and named i386-aros-gcc. Includes are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/include and libraries are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development.lib.

This is how then can be passed to the compiler:

/home/xxx/toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot /home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development -L/home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/lib 

../toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development local/helloworld/helloworld.c -o local/helloworld/helloworld


Another method was using Debian like distros and download the gimmearos.sh script (on [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/cross aros-archives]) to setup the developer environment by downloading necessary packages ...
The gimmearos script is a good start in that direction, building the cross compilers and hosted AROS environment, but gimmearos.sh might be out of date or not be completely compatible with any given linux distro. 

In order to do that, you have to compile AROS yourself. Download AROS source archive not contrib. Compile AROS by entering the main directory

 ./configure
 make

([http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php More on compiling AROS]). The result will be a basic AROS system without development tools.

To compile C++ on Linux, type 'make gnu-contrib-crosstools', creating the cross-compilers in ./bin/linux-i386/tools/, named i386-aros-gcc, etc.

'''Note''': Currently, to make the cross compilers usable copy 'collect-aros' from tools/ to tools/i386-aros/bin/. At the moment the cross compilers if used from the Linux command line will only find it when it's there.

If you want to compile native compilers (the Developer Environment), type 'make contrib-gnu-gcc', creating native compilers in AROS' System:Development/bin directory.

When the output needs to be stripped &lt;code&gt;--strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment&lt;/code&gt;

The Obj-C backend should build out of the box.

Open contrib/gnu/gcc/mmakefile.src and search for the line which contains &quot;--enable-languages&quot; and add &quot;objc&quot; to the list of languages that follows it.

    --enable-languages=c,c++,objc

Better make it—enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++

ObjC++ is broken as soon as you try to use exceptions, but that might change in future GCC versions and it does not hurt having it there already.


Do you need a cross-compiler or a real compiler? In the first case you can get away with just downloading the proper gcc archive, apply the patch and proceed with the normal gcc build. In the case of a real cross-compiler then when downloading the contrib sources, also need to download the normal sources, place the contrib sources into a directory called contrib, need to install autoconf+automake+perl+python, call ./configure, cd into the subdirectory and type make.

to rebuild GCC with host == build == target == i386-pc-aros. So just get the vanilla sources and apply the patches without bothering about the build system?


[https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2019/10/a-pre-configured-development-machine.html pre-configured VM environment vmware virtual machine to develop AROS and AROS software]


====Native compilers for AROS====

Namely gcc for C or g++ for C++ are supplied with the [[Aros/Developer/Docs#The Developer Environment|Developer Environment]], which is already '''setup''' and part of any current AROS distribution like AROS One or the nightlies 

* Current GCC 6.5 (32bit) though moving to 10.5 and 15.1 (64bit) 
* Older software components. GNU GCC 4.x GNU BinUtils, GNU Fileutils 4.x, GNU Textutils and others usually deprecated 

On single partition systems and the Boot ISO, the AROS Developer environment is installed under &quot;SYS:Development/&quot;. Systems with multiple partitions - such as a Work: partition - tend to install it to there instead, however it can be installed manually to any location. Please remember, if moving, that you will need to correct the Development packages 'install location' env variable to point to the new locations root - look in SYS:S/startup-sequence.

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign Development: SYS:Development 
Assign C: Development:bin ADD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


In the aros build instructions. you need to check out contrib and/or ports into your AROS source directory, as subdirs. then, assuming you are building in an external build dir, as you should, you simply configure and &quot;make contrib&quot; for instance or whatever submodule you might want to build.


===Beginners Tutorials in C C++===

As AROS is [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=29856 C based] API compatible to AmigaOS 3.x, so most of the information on programming C on the Amiga applies to AROS as well. Please note that there is a lot of AmigaOS 1.3 (1985-1989) and [https://www.markround.com/amigaguide AmigaOS AOS 2.x (1990-1992)] information around but [http://www.pjhutchison.org/tutorial/amiga_c.html OS3.1] is recommended but limited in amount. 

Brief overview of what is required to write AROS Applications

# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|Intuition]] for basic screens/windows 
# Using graphics within windows via 8bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics]] and so onto  15-16-24bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphx]]
# Load and save work to [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos]] disk drives
# Using the [[Aros/Developer/Zune|ZUNE GUI Environment]]


Writing native games require this extra information

# Using [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|AHI audio hardware independent API]]
# Using USB joystick/joypad with the Poseidon USB stack through [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|LowLevel]] library


Additional features that could be added later

# Adding additional [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|Locale]] language translations to your program 
# Adding a [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|AREXX/Regina]] port to your application 
# Executing Amiga(TM) [[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]] commands from your application
# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icons]] (.info files) and icon tooltypes (stack, version, and program startup options)
# Local couch or IP based SANA2 networking co-op multi player gaming support 


Most AmigaOS programming books are nowadays very much out of date as most are from the late 1980s and do not cover later amigaOS releases like 3.1 for example, Rob Peck's book &quot;Programmer's Guide to the Amiga&quot;. The Amiga ROM Kernel manuals aka RKMs like Libraries (3rd edition), Devices (), the AmigaDOS manual (3rd edition) and the Style Guide may have their uses. There are some reference examples from AmigaMail and Devcon notes (available again on an Amiga developers CD 2.1). 

For Arexx then &quot;The Amiga Programmer's Guide to ARexx&quot; by Eric Giguere, which was published by Commodore is useful as well as an &quot;Arexx Cookbook&quot;.

Curly brackets missing - try SHIFT + ALT + 7 or 0.


* Beginners C Guide [http://www.iu.hio.no/~mark/CTutorial/CTutorial.html C Tutorial], 
* [http://thecguru.com/ C for beginners],
* [http://fresh2refresh.com/c/c-basic-program/ C programming basics] for students, 
* [https://www.edx.org/courses Free Online course] from American Universities 
* Reference Amiga [http://amigadev.elowar.com/ API reference].


* AROS based c source can be found [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples|here]] and lots of example code can be found inside [https://github.com/aros-development-team AROS sources] themselves and from the contrib section of the archives from [https://github.com/aros-development-team/contrib Aros site], and study the AROS applications source code, e.g. the test programs from the Tests drawer (folder/directory). Take a look at the code of some smaller AROS programs might be a better and more up to date 

When you upload your builds, please write the architecture (like i386-aros, x86_64-aros, armPi-64 etc.) in the archive name 
and it is also advisable to write in the field &quot;Requirements&quot; what ABI (ABIv1 or for PC forks ABIv11 or ABIv0) 


===Compiling C/C++ Code===

Native, although we have a IDE Integrated Development Environment (Murks), it does lack a debugger. Whilst others use a combination of a text editor and shell to edit code. Most though use an AROS hosted on Linux to take advantage of the better GCC tools like GDB and various IDEs.

Open shell - its a menu option at the top left of Wanderer (desktop). Or by using the right Win key and w (or F12 and w) within the directory with the source code. Type in
 sh 
to change the amiga shell into a unix shell. You can then type in ls (unix equivalent to amiga dir). Take a look [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linux_commands here] for more commands.

For a single file program-name.c or program-name.cpp
 gcc -o program-name program-name.c  
or 
 g++ -o program-name program-name.cpp
or
 g++ -o test -Wall -g main.cc texturelib.cpp xmodelib.cc -lsdl -lgl

To close the shell, click on the top left-hand corner to close (twice). Once to get back the aros shell and then again to close finally. Use [http://freshmeat.net/projects/cksfv/ cksfv] as a test.

Some source code requires the addition of Amiga API libraries, like dos, which you can flag at the compile time as 
 gcc -o julia.exe julia.c -ldos

For DOS use -ldos as example and if you are compiling mui codes it will be -lmui or intuition -lintuition. Other missing symbols are due to linker libraries being necessary for linking in functions that aren't in the standard C libraries. For example some source code would need added

 -lz or -lm or -lpng or -larosc etc.

use this in unix line command mode to search for 'search-item' in many .c files (*.cpp for c++, etc.)
 grep -l 'search-item' *.c

If the program is not executable, try using parameter fno-common 

&quot;Delete #?.o&quot;? Or if you are using abcshell then &quot;rm *.o&quot;


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Porting software]]''


=== How to make Apps have AROS 64-bit specific support code ===

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

AROS64 already uses 64bit addressing, it just doesn't setup the MMU for more than 4GB physical memory currently.
When porting software to AROS64 it is &quot;mostly&quot; a case of converting ULONG's that are used to store pointers, into IPTR's instead, etc. Another quirk, is making sure items on the stack are the correct size by using the STACKED attribute for them. 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary, had -std=c99 usually 
A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order.

crash which suggest memory corruption. From my experience porting from 32-bit to 64-bit these kinds of errors can happen if a pointer is passed somewhere via ULONG variable. Then half of the pointer is cut.

To generate this error, please run AROSBootstrap with -m 1024. This will allocate heap to 64-bit address space which will make these errors immediatelly visible. These types of crashes are hard to debug. Disabled as little code as possible to stop corruption from occurring and then try to read from the code where it can be broken

Crashing in tslf_freevec is another symptom of memory corruption and these memory corruptions will manifest differently on different setups.


==Coding conventions==

As the AROS core source is a shared developer experience, there are rules regarding structure and style. When it comes to your creating your own app and coding, the structure and style should be your own, i.e. you should enjoy what you do and do it so that you can understand what is going on.

===Layout===

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
static void 1st_function()
{
    program
    exit(0);    
}

int main(void)
{
    1st_function();
    2nd_function();
    3rd_function();
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;

struct Screen * openscreen(void);
struct Window *openwindow(struct Screen *screen, const char *title, LONG x, LONG y, LONG w, LONG h);

VOID 1st_function();
VOID 2nd_function();

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    program
    return 0;
} /* main */

VOID 1st_function()
{

}

VOID 2nd_function()
{

}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===General style===

This code is used by many people and therefore you should keep some things in mind when you submit source code:

* Keep things simple 
* Keep the source clean 
* Always know what you are doing, if not flag it and describe what needs to be done... 
* Explain clearly/simply what you are doing 
* Remember that you write code once but that it is read many times by many people

===Comments===

AROS uses some of the comments in the source to generate the documentation. Therefore it's necessary to keep a certain format so the tools can find their information. Other comments are ignored but they should explain what you thought when you wrote the code. If you really can't think of an explanation, then don't write the code a second time like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* This adds 1 to t */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

What we think of is this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Go on with next element */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

===Formatting===

This is only '''IMPORTANT''' if you are going to work on the core AROS code or contrib but not applications which may reside outside like on AROS Archives or other websites.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
{
    /* a */
    struct RastPort * rp;
    int               a;

    /* b */
    rp = NULL;
    a  = 1;

    /* c */
    if (a == 1)
        printf (&quot;Init worked\n&quot;);

    /* d */
    if
    (
        !(rp = Get_a_pointer_to_the_RastPort
            (
                some
                , long
                , arguments
            )
        )
    ||
        a &lt;= 0
    )
    {
        printf (&quot;Something failed\n&quot;);
        return FAIL;
    }

    /* e */
    a = printf (&quot;My RastPort is %p, a=%d\n&quot;
        , rp
        , a
    );

    return OK;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Looks ugly, eh ? :-) Ok, here are the rules:

&lt;pre&gt;
If several lines contain similar code, put similar things below each other (see a and b);
Put spaces between operands and operators
Put braces {}, brackets [] and parentheses () below each other (d) if there is much code between. 
Brackets and parentheses may be in one line if the code between is small (c)
Indent by 4 Spaces. Two indent levels may be abbreviated by one tab.
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''Before committing please normalize the indentation - if you have a mixture of tabs and spaced - please always use spaces, 1 tab = 4 spaces.'''

The reasons for this are:

# While some editors can use an arbitrary sizes for tabs, it's a bit complicated to tell another editor which tab size was used by the one used to write the code. 
# Most code in AROS was written this way and your code should look like the rest. 
# You can print this code on any printer without special tools to &quot;fix&quot; the tabs. 
# Most editors have smart tabs which do exactly this. If your editor doesn't, write a bug report.

If you have a function with many arguments (d, e) you should put the parentheses in lines of their own and each argument in one line (d) or put the first argument behind the opening parentheses (e) and each following argument in a line of its own with the comma in front. The closing parentheses is in a line of its own and aligned with the beginning of the expression (i.e. the a and not the opening parentheses or the printf()).

Use a single blank line to separate logical blocks. Large comments should have a blank line before and after them, small comments should be put before the code they explain with only one blank line before them.

If you see any TABS in AROS core sources then the suggestion is to &quot;detab the file and commit that separately&quot; either before or afterwards from making functionality changes. Make two commits instead of one. This makes it easier for others to see the real changes instead of having to dig through multiple lines of irrelevant diffs.

===Eliminating Global Variables===

i.e. pass variables to functions (local scope) or classes making it easier to track and debug your code.

Any time you find that you need a particular thing in 'a lot of different places', chances are that all those places are conceptually related, and so you can create a class, a namespace, a function, or some other higher-level organizational unit to represent that relationship. This makes the program easier to understand.

Bad Designs

* All variables are global. 
* There are no standalone functions, only sub-procedures which act on the global variables. 
* Every sub-procedure is at least 500 lines to several thousand 
* Every sub-procedure has more than one task to perform 
* Copy-paste is preferred to writing methods, AND subtle changes are made in the middle of the code

Good Designs

* structure program into functions (C or basic) - top-down procedural approach 
* put in class(es) (freepascal or C++) - the object is fixed and you use methods to access the object

&lt;pre&gt;
 class String_List
 {
 private:
 list&lt;string&gt; m_List;  // member
 public:
 void read_strings() { /* read strings into m_List */ }
 void print_strings() { /* write contents of m_List to stdout */ }
 void sort_strings() { /* sort contents of m_List */ }
 void sort_strings_reverse() { /* reverse-sort contents of m_List */ }
 void unique_strings() { /* remove duplicate strings */ }
 };

 int main()
 {
 String_List myList;  // local
 myList.read_strings();
 myList.sort_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.sort_strings_reverse();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.unique_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 return 0;
 }
&lt;/pre&gt;

This way it is very easy to replace the list with new list for debugging purposes, or replacing the methods without replacing the list, when you want different results. You only have to replace the content of the local variables.

 So create the structure that matches your data (linked lists, trees, arrays, etc.) and what to do with them (sorting, searching, etc.)

&lt;pre&gt;
.h usually contain #define #include typedef enum struct extern screen and window definitions (data structures)
.c should contains functions and algorithms
&lt;/pre&gt;

One way to look at it is that menu headings act as the .c file and sub-menu headings as functions.

When you start a project, you place a couple of declarations in the include file. As the project continues, you place more and more declarations in the include file, some of which refer to or contain previous declarations. Before you know it, you have a real mess on your hands. The majority of your source files have knowledge of the data structures and directly reference elements from the structures.
Making changes in an environment where many data structures directly refer to other data structures becomes, at best, a headache. Consider what happens when you change a data structure.

Use good variables names to help clarify code and only comment when you need to explain why a certain programming approach was made.

You're Refactoring Legacy Code, you see a global, you want to get rid of it. How do you do this?

Exactly what to do depends on how the global is used. The first step is to find all uses of the global throughout the code, and get a feel for what the significance of the variable is and how it relates to the rest of the program. Pay particular attention to the &quot;lifetime&quot; of the variable (when it gets initialized, when it is first used, when it is last used, how it gets cleaned up). Then, you will probably make the global a data member of a class (for OO languages), or you will write some get/set functions. Converting to the Singleton Pattern is common, but you may discover that it makes more sense for the data element to be a member of an existing singleton, or maybe even an instance variable.

# Create a basic read method, either as a class or a global function. Replace all reads with the access method, but leave the variable defined as a global.
# Review each of the writes to the method and extract action functions one at a time. Unless two operations are coded identically in the original code, extract each write access separately.
# Change the variable scope from global to local.
# Analyze similar action functions to determine if any can be merged, i.e., there are no functional differences in the results of the function, just differences in the implementation details.
# Review the calls to the read method and see if a more complex functionality should be applied. Follow the approach for writes and unless implementations are identical, create separate access functions. 
# Analyze the access functions for duplication.

As returning variables by &quot;passing by value&quot; are forgotten, so &quot;passing by reference&quot; is often used instead. The reference is a pointer to the variable so the value is remembered when returned.

Alternatives

* Hidden Globals
* Singleton Pattern
* Database or TupleSpace
* Context Object 
* Dependency Injection 
* Stateful Procedures


==AROS/AmigaOS APIs and Docs==

&lt;pre&gt;
Library:
   - Private data structure
   - Many public access methods

Device:
   - Private data structure
   - Two (BeginIO/AbortIO) access methods

Resource:
   - Public data structure
   - *NO* access methods
&lt;/pre&gt;

And, being Amiga OS-compatible, there are exceptions to all of these.


===System Libraries===

The [http://developers.aros.org/ AROS Guide To Libraries] can be used as a guide to individual commands and old Dev Docs are used in application programming.

Amiga/Aros styles libraries are very different from windows and linux libs. Typical .so/dll libraries are foreign to most Amiga-like OS 


*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AROSC|arosc.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AmigaGuide|amigaguide.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ASL|asl.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Bullet|bullet.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/BSDsocket|bsdsocket.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CAMD|camd.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Codesets|codesets.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGXVIDEO|cgxvideo.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Commodities|commodities.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DataTypes|datatypes.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DiskFont|diskfont.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Exec|exec.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Expansion|expansion.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/FreeType2|freetype.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/GadTools|gadtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icon.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Identify|identify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/IFFParse|iffparse.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|intuition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Keymap|keymap.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Layers|layers.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|locale.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|lowlevel.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingBas|mathieeesingbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubBas|mathieeedoubbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingTrans|mathieeesingtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubTrans|mathieeedoubtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Mathtrans|mathtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MUIMaster|muimaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Partition|partition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/PopUpMenu|popupmenu.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/OOP|oop.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Regina|regina.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Reqtools|reqtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/RexxSysLib|rexxsyslib.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ScreenNotify|screennotify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/TTEngine|ttengine.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Thread|thread.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Utility|utility.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Xadmaster|xadmaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Workbench|workbench.library]]
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c82e86b8480277998014cc327b56c7664023a52f ClassAct Reaction boopsi class]


===AROS Subsystems===

# [[Aros/Developer/Zune|Zune MUI compatible GUI]]
# [[Aros/Developer/AROSAppPackages|AROS Application Packages]]
# AHI Audio Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/AHIDriversDev|Development]]
# AROSTCP Sana2 Network Interface Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/NICDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/NICDriversDev|Development]]
# [[Aros/Developer/AmiSSL|AmiSSL]]
# gfx.hidd/cybergraphics Video Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/GfxDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/GfxDriversDev|Development]]
# IO Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDriversDev|Development]]
# USB Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/USBDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/USBDriversDev|Development]]
# PCI Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/PCIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/PCIDriversDev|Development]]
# [http://www.libsdl.org/ SDL] [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2013&amp;pid=13333#post_13333 SDL2 coding usage], [https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Aaros-development-team%2Fcontrib%20SDL2&amp;type=code SDL2 commits], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/contrib/commit/c62c3c425c35bac19dadc23be092b0b13a66c76c SDL3 initial commit], []
# [[w:Gallium3D|Gallium 3D]] [http://www.mesa3d.org/ openGL aka Mesa] - [[Aros/Developer/OpenGL|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/OpenGLDev|Development]] [http://www.swiftless.com/opengltuts.html Swfitless]
# A small subset of GTK2 through [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gtk-mui/ MUI-GTK] 
# Cairo 2D Engine - [[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Development]]
# [[Aros/Developer/Scalos|Scalos desktop API and plugin modules]]
# [[Aros/Developer/VHI|VHI video driver]]


====HIDDs====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/HIDDClass|hiddclass.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Graphics|graphics.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/VesaGfx|vesagfx.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/ATI|radeon.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/NVidia|nvidia.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Nouveau|nouveau.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Kbd|kbd.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Mouse|mouse.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/i2c|i2c.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/IRQ|irq.hidd (deprecated)]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCI|pci.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCIPC|pcipc.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Serial|serial.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Thunderbolt|thunderbolt.hidd]]
https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4f02ea691799aff3a01f60cfa5f9182c82fc57a8

HIDD are used for device/peripheral low level hardware support drivers. The HIDD system is split up into a collection of classes with a strict inheritance hierarchy. A HIDD class implements a device driver for a single device or in rare cases a group of devices and provides an interface for other programs and devices to access.
      
In order to maintain portability of interfaces across a wide range of hardware this interface will in general not present the raw interface to the underlying hardware. Instead it will present a generic interface that describes many different hardware implementations. This allows for the best reuse of both interfaces and code.

HIDD API is heavyweight though. You need to open a HIDD library, open oop.library, instantiate an object (even if there's no object); and object calls are more costly compared to plain library calls.


Basically your task is to implement a subclass of hidd.ata.bus for your hardware. just implementing the XXXATA__Hidd_ATABus__xxxxxx methods for the Amiga chipset - and appropriate versions of the interface_xxx.c file(s). pretty much everything in probe.c could be ignored - just write a replacement scan for relevant amiga devices and store whatever info you need in the bus data? only the &quot;SUPPORT_LEGACY&quot; blocks might be related.

You do not need to depend on PCI API. PCI is just a way to discover the hardware on PCs, etc. 
&lt;hidd/pci.h&gt; includes (at some depth) &lt;interface/HW.h&gt;, which defines IID_HW. This comes from the 'generic' HIDD class in: 
 rom/hidds/hidd/hiddclass.conf
did not split up HIDD and HW because they are always used in pair. It's the same as hidd/pci.h bringing definition for: PCI, PCIDriver and PCIDevice. PCI is actually PCIHW, just the name was not changed for backwards compatibility reasons. HW is a 'hub' where HIDD instances plug in.

ATA HIDD aoHidd_ATABus_Use32Bit value is completely ignored unless ata.device first detects correct command line parameter.
Yes. Unfortunately I was unable to find any comment in code or svn history with explanations. Looked  at Linux source, there 32-bit PIO is also controller driver's property. Some of them enable it, some don't.

Actually, switching the default to ON should be safe. ata.device is fail-safe at this because during IDENTIFY command it validates upper 16  bits,  and  if they appear to be zeroes in all 128 longwords, then 32-bit mode is switched off. But, nevertheless, I know how tricky hardware can be, so I decided not to change original behavior. If  you think it's wrong in some cases, then it's possible to add one more  attribute  like  aHidd_ATABus_Default32Bit. If set to YES, then  this means that 32-bit PIO is safe to use by default.


====Devices====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/ATA|ata.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Console|console.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Narrator|narrator.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Printer|printer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Trackdisk|trackdisk.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/AmberRAM|amberram.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Timer|timer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/|.device]]

The Amiga used [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices|Devices]] to communicate with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=3475&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC additional hardware]. AROS has replaced these hardware devices with hidd equivalents but some are still retained for backwards compatibility.

Local libraries/devices/handlers,etc. are supposed to override the ones in ROM if their version is higher than the one in ROM.

Here is the list of commands exec default: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| CMD_CLEAR
|  Purge the buffer of the device
|----
| CMD_READ
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_STOP
|  Stopped the activity of the device
|----
| CMD_FLUSH
|  Empty the queue of commands
|----
| CMD_RESET
|  Reset a device
|----
| CMD_WRITE
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_INVALID
|  Create an error
|----
| CMD_UPDATE
|  Gets updated device
|----
| CMD_START
|  Will restart the device
|----
|}

While most other &quot;stuff you communicate with&quot; in AmigaOS are devices &lt;ref&gt;AMIGA ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Devices, 3rd Edition. Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Addison-Wesley, 1991. {{ISBN|0-201-56775-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; that share a [http://gega.homelinux.net/AmigaDevDocs/ common base interface]. [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices1.3|OS 1.3 Device Drivers]].


====Handlers====

:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Pipe|pipe.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Port|port.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/SFS|sfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FAT|fat.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/PFS|pfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/NTFS|fuse.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FFS|ffs.handler]]

filesystem handlers have their own separate system consisting of completely differently structured messages that dos.library use to pass requests (for things like reading, writing, getting directory contents etc.) to them. AROS originally went with implementing filesystem handlers as devices, which might arguably be more consistent with the rest of the AmigaOS API but which is quite incompatible with AmigaOS itself. However, it made it far harder to port filesystems and the gains were comparatively small, and so there's been a long standing goal of fixing this incompatibility. It has now, June 2011, been reintroduced to all AROS flavors.

are argstr and argsize valid for the handler startup environment?
DOS/RunHandler() calls DOS/CreateNewProcTags(), and then CallEntry() (in rom/dos/exit.c) to start the handler, so yes, argstr and argsize are *present* in the call signature of the handler.

Granted, argstr will be NULL and argsize 0, but those values *are* passed to the handler function using:

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS_UFC3(ULONG, entry,
                         AROS_UFCA(STRPTR, argptr, A0),
                         AROS_UFCA(ULONG, argsize, D0),
                         AROS_UFCA(struct ExecBase *, SysBase, A6));
&lt;/pre&gt;

Creating your own [without the whole build tree http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/temp/radeon.zip] and then  
&lt;pre&gt;
make stub
make
make install
&lt;/pre&gt;

SFS has two Root blocks, one at the start and one at the end of the disk. The Root blocks both contain the same information.  They hold various information about the disk structure and have the locations of some important blocks used by the filesystem.  

The Root ObjectContainer contains the Root directory Object. The name of this Object is the name of the volume. It is identical to a normal directory Object.

The Bitmap is used to keep track of free space. Each bit in a bitmap represents a single block. A set bit indicates a free block and a cleared bit a used block.

AdminSpaceContainers are used to keep track of space which has been reserved for storing administration blocks. Only the Bitmap, the Root blocks and the actual data stored in files aren't stored in administration space. Administration space is allocated in chunks of 32 blocks at a time. A single AdminSpaceContainer can hold information about a large number of such areas each of which has its own little bitmap of 32 bits.

Extents are stored in a B-Tree. The Root block holds a pointer to the root of the Extent B-Tree. Extents keep track of space in use by a specific file. Each fragment a file consists of has its own Extent. Extents are in a double linked list. The list can be used to locate the next or previous fragment of a file.

Below is the standard block header. This header is found before EVERY type of block used in the filesystem, except data blocks.  The id field is used to check if the block is of the correct type when it is being referred to using a BLCK pointer.  The checksum field is the SUM of all LONGs in a block plus one, and then negated. When applying a checksum the checksum field itself should be set to zero. The checking a checksum the checksum is okay if the result of the checksum equals zero. The ownblock BLCK pointer points to the block itself. This field is an extra safety check to ensure we are using a valid block.

Field	Type	Description
id	ULONG	The id field is used to identify the type of block we are dealing with. It is used to make sure that when referencing a block we got a block of the correct type. The id consist of 4 bytes and each blocktype has its own unique foure letter code.
checksum	ULONG	This field contains the sum of all longs in this block, plus one and then negated. The checksum can be used to check if the block hasn't been corrupted in any way.
ownblock	BLCK	Points to itself, or in other words, this field contains the block number of this block. This is yet another way to check whether or not a block is valid.

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBlockHeader {
    ULONG id;
    ULONG checksum;
    BLCK ownblock;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
The algorithm to calculate the checksum of a block:
&lt;pre&gt;
ULONG calcchecksum(struct fsBlockHeader *block, LONG blocksize} {
    ULONG *data=(ULONG *)block;
    ULONG checksum=1;

    block-&gt;checksum=0;

    while(blocksize&gt;0) {
        checksum+=*data++;
        blocksize-=4;
    }

    return(-checksum);
} 
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Root block contains very important information about the structure of a SFS disk. It has information on the location and size of the disk, the blocksize used, locations of various important blocks, version information and some filesystem specific settings.

A SFS disk has two Root blocks; one located at the start of the partition and one at the end. On startup the filesystem will check both Roots to see if it is a valid SFS disk. If either one is missing SFS can still continue (although at the moment it won't).

A Root block could be missing on purpose. For example, if you extend the partition at the end (adding a few MB's) then SFS can detect this with the information stored in the Root block located at the beginning (since only the end-offset has changed).   Same goes for the other way around, as long as you don't change start and end point at the same time.

When a Root block is missing because the partition has been made a bit larger, then SFS will in the future be able to resize itself without re-formatting the disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
version	UWORD	The version of the filesystem block structure. You can check this field to identify what version of the filesystem your dealing with it and to see if you can handle this structure correctly. Don't try to interpret the disk's structure when this field contains an unknown version number!

sequencenumber	UWORD	Used to identify which Root block was written last in case the sequencenumber on both Root blocks don't match.
datecreated	ULONG	Creation date of this volume. This is the date when the disk was last formatted and will never be changed.

bits	UBYTE	Various settings, see below.
&lt;pre&gt;
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved1	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
firstbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the first byte of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
firstbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
lastbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the last byte (exclusive) of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
lastbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
totalblocks	ULONG	The total number of blocks this partition consists of.
blocksize	ULONG	The size of a block of this partition.
reserved2	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved3	ULONG[8]	Reserved, leave zero.
bitmapbase	BLCK	Block number of the start of the Bitmap.
adminspacecontainer	BLCK	Block number of the first AdminSpaceContainer.
rootobjectcontainer	BLCK	Block number of the ObjectContainer which contains the root of the disk (this is where the volume name is stored).
extentbnoderoot	BLCK	Block number of the root of the Extent B-Tree.
reserved4	ULONG[4]	Reserved, leave zero.
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsRootBlock {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  UWORD version;
  UWORD sequencenumber;
  ULONG datecreated;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  ULONG reserved1[2];
  ULONG firstbyteh;
  ULONG firstbyte;
  ULONG lastbyteh;
  ULONG lastbyte;
  BLCK  totalblocks;
  ULONG blocksize;
  ULONG reserved2[2];
  ULONG reserved3[8];
  BLCK  bitmapbase;
  BLCK  adminspacecontainer;
  BLCK  rootobjectcontainer;
  BLCK  extentbnoderoot;
  ULONG reserved4[4];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

AdminSpaceContainers are used to store the location and bitmap of each administration space. The AdminSpaceContainers are located in a double linked list and they contain an array of fsAdminSpace structures.  There is one fsAdminSpace structure for every administration space on disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
next	BLCK	The next AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the first AdminSpaceContainer.
bits	UBYTE	The number of bits in each in the bits ULONG in the fsAdminSpace structure.
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
adminspace	struct fsAdminSpace	An array of fsAdminSpace structures. The size of the array is determined by the current blocksize.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpaceContainer {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  BLCK next;
  BLCK previous;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  struct fsAdminSpace adminspace[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Field	Type	Description
space	BLCK	The first block of an administration space.
bits	ULONG	A small bitmap which is used to determine which blocks in an administration space are already in use. The number of bits in this bitmap is determined by the bits field in the AdminSpaceContainer.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpace {
  BLCK  space;
  ULONG bits;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

The fsBitmap structure is used for Bitmap blocks. A bitmap block is used to keep track of which space is in use and which isn't for a particular area of a disk.  All bitmap blocks together keep track of the free space for an entire disk. The location of the first bitmap block is known and all other bitmap blocks are stored in order after the first one.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
bitmap	ULONG	An array of ULONG's.  These hold the actual information on which blocks are in use and which aren't.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBitmap {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    ULONG bitmap[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Each bit in a bitmap block (except for the block header) represents a single block. If the bit is set than the block is free, and if the bit is clear then it is full. The first ULONG in the bitmap area of the first bitmap block represents blocks 0 through 31 on the disk. Bit 31 of this ULONG is block 0, 30 is block 1, and so on. Bit 0 of the first ULONG represents block 31.

Below is a table to clarify how bitmaps work even further. The first column is the bitmap block number, the second column is the number of the ULONG in the bitmap array. The third column is the bit number in this ULONG, and the last column is the block which this specific bit, in this specific bitmap block represents.

We'll assume here that a bitmap block has room for 120 ULONG's (meaning there is room for storing 32 * 120 bits).

&lt;pre&gt;
Bitmap block	ULONG number	Bit number	Block represented
1 (first)	0	31	0
1	0	30	1
...	...	...	...
1	0	1	30
1	0	0	31
1	1	31	32
...	...	...	...
1	2	31	64
1	2	30	65
...	...	...	...
1	119	0	3839
2	0	31	3840
2	0	30	3841
...	...	...	...
&lt;/pre&gt;
The last bitmap block doesn't need to be completely used. The unused bits (which belong to blocks which do not exist) all have to be clear, to indicate that these blocks are in use.

The fsObjectContainer structure is used to hold a variable number of fsObjects structures (Objects) which have the same parent directory. Each ObjectContainer must contain at least one Object. If there is space in the ObjectContainer not used by the variable number of Objects then that space is zero filled. Objects always start at 2-byte boundaries, which means sometimes a padding byte is inserted between two Objects.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the parent Object, or 0 if this object has no parent (which is only the case for the Root directory).
next	BLCK	The next ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the first ObjectContainer in this directory.
object	struct fsObject	A variable number of fsObject structures. The number of structures depends on the individual sizes of each fsObject structure and the blocksize. These structures are located directly after each other with at most 1 byte of padding between them to get the structures aligned on a 2 byte boundary.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsObjectContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    BLCK next;
    BLCK previous;
    struct fsObject object[0];
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

fsHashTable is the structure of a HashTable block. It functions much like the hash table found in FFS user directory blocks, except that it is stored in a separate block. This block contains a number of hash-chains (about 120 for a 512 byte block). Each hash-chain is a chain of Nodes. Each Node has a pointer to an Object and a pointer to the next entry in the hash-chain.  Using such a hash-chain you can locate an object quickly by only knowing its name.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the directory Object this HashTable block belongs to.
hashentry	NODE	An array of Nodes. Each Node represents the start of a hash-chain (singly linked). A hash-value is calculated using the name of a file or directory, and this value determines in which chain the Object is linked. If there are no entries in a hash-chain then the hashentry value is zero.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsHashTable {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    NODE hashentry[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
To calculate the hash-value using a name of an Object as input use these routines:
&lt;pre&gt;
UWORD calchash(UBYTE *name) {
    UWORD hash=0;
    /* Calculates a hash value over the passed in string.
       The end of the string can be either a NUL byte or a
       slash. The hash function is the same as the one
       used in FastFileSystem set to international mode. */
    while(name[hash]!=0 &amp;&amp; name[hash]!='/') {
        hash++;
    }
    while(*name!=0 &amp;&amp; *name!='/') {
        hash=hash*13+upperchar(*name++);
    }

    return((UWORD)(hash % (UWORD)((blocksize-sizeof(struct fsHashTable))&gt;&gt;2)));
}
UBYTE upperchar(UBYTE c) {
    if((c&gt;=224 &amp;&amp; c&lt;=254 &amp;&amp; c!=247) || (c&gt;='a' &amp;&amp; c&lt;='z')) {
        c-=32;
    }
    return(c);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

The BNodeContainer is used to store B-Trees. Currently only one B-Tree is in use by this filesystem and it is used to store the location of file data. The fsBNodeContainer structure contains two other structures. The fsBlockHeader structure and the BTreeContainer structure.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
btc	struct BTreeContainer	Contains information about the B-Tree and its nodes contained in this block.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBNodeContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    struct BTreeContainer btc;
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


First try and locate the Root block. It should start with &quot;ROOT&quot;.  SFS has two of these, one at the start of the partition and one at the end.  One of the fields contains the block size, which will be the size of all important SFS blocks.

The root block has the root object container, which contains information about files and directories in the root directory.  The object 
containers basically hold one or more smaller structures that represent files and directories.  Scanning them all should give you a list of 
files and directories.

The root block also has the root of the Extent B-Tree.  This is a standard B-Tree structure (not a binary tree) that is used commonly in 
all kinds of system, you can read about how they work on Wikipedia if needed.  The B-Tree holds the information about *where* all the data is 
located for your files.

To recover your files, I'd do this:

* Find one of the root blocks, if not present, then figure out the block size your disk was using, and scan every block in turn to see if it 
looks like an ObjectContainer (check the fsBlockHeader's ID, check if the ownblock number is equal to the block you are currently scanning, 
and check its checksum).  So if you currently have block 12, and you see a block with the correct id, and ownblock = 12 and its checksum is good, 
then that's probably a valid ObjectContainer.

* With all the ObjectContainers found, you can extract filenames and directory names from these, but also the number of their first data 
block (in the field data) and the file size.  For small files (less than blocksize) this data block will be enough to recover the data.
For larger files, you might be lucky and all the remaining blocks are found after the first one (if the file was defragmented).  You can't be
sure of that though so...

* For larger files, you need to find all the BNodeContainers.  You could scan these in the same way you found all the ObjectContainers (look for 
blocks with the correct id, ownblock number and checksum). 

* With all the BNodeContainers found, you can try looking up the first data block of a file in the B-Tree structure.  This is a bit complicated 
-- the B-Tree consists of non-leaf nodes (blocks that only contain pointers to other B-Tree blocks), the isLeaf flag indicates this.  Or it 
can be a B-Tree leaf block.  The leaf blocks contain extra information per entry (see https://hjohn.home.xs4all.nl/SFS/extents.htm)
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsExtentBNode {
     ULONG key;
     ULONG next;
     ULONG prev;
     UWORD blocks;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

The key should be a block of a file (the first of a range), that is 1 to 65535 block long (depending the &quot;blocks&quot; field).  If the file is split 
up into more parts, then &quot;next&quot; will contain block number of the next range of blocks.  You need to look this up again in the B-Tree 
structure to find out how large it is. 

You can for the most part ignore the other structures (bitmap, admin containers).  The fsObjects and B-tree containers is what you'll need to 
recover the data. 


====Resources====

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/mmakefile.src 
rom/storage/storage.conf 
rom/storage/storage_device.c 
rom/storage/storage_ids.c 
rom/storage/storage_init.c 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
rom/storage/storage_mount.c 
rom/storage/storage_unit.c
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/includes/device.h 
rom/storage/includes/unit.h 
rom/storage/includes/volume.h 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;

&lt;/pre&gt;

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/ACPI|acpi.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Battclock|battclock.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Bootloader|bootloader.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Cia|cia.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Filesystem|FileSystem.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Hostlib|hostlib.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Kernel|kernel.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Misc|misc.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Processor|processor.resource]]


==Debugging Code==

Please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=43586&amp;atid=439463 AROS Bug Tracker] if any issues are found.


GRUB Command line list

&lt;pre&gt;
sysdebug  
usbdebug - allows to see Poseidon's log in debug output
&lt;/pre&gt;


How do I get debugging out of InitResident ? If running i386 hosted on linux sysdebug=initresident on command line.
This  way  you can enable any of listed flags. sysdebug=all stands for &quot;everything&quot;


Have an executable (crosscompiled C++ code) which has 6 MB size on disk, but after loading it in memory, 250 MB RAM is taken. Any software that would split AROS executable into ELF part which would show actual size values?

 readelf -S executable

it will show you all sections in elf file, including sizes and requested alignment.

 objdump -h filename

That's will give you a quick overview of the sections and sizes. Ignore all the .debug.* sections. 
Would hazard a guess that you have a large .bss section. That's pretty common in C++.

Next step:

 nm—size-sort filename | grep ' [bB] '

The last few will be your biggest consumers. Would suggest -C to demangle the symbols... ;)


Suggest profiling the program (just use some printf's in the main loop for time spent in each part), it usually is quite easy to spot slow parts in games or apps.

If someone has '#define IPTR ULONG' somewhere. To see where that define is, redefine IPTR in the source code that fails, just above the line that fails, and the preprocessor will tell you where it was defined first.

===How to setup gdb with AROS/hosted===

Download AROS sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2, where xxxxxxxx is the current date) and AROS contrib sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source) from 

Untar-bzip2 and cd to the unpacked archive directory.

 &gt; tar -xvjf AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2
 &gt; cd AROS-xxxxxxxx-source

Check the link to &quot;contrib&quot; (contrib-source) inside directory, e.g. correct like this:

 &gt; rm contrib
 &gt; ln -s ../AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source.tar.bz2 contrib

Make sure you have the correct locale setting, otherwise compilation will fail at some point. See [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#setting-the-locale-to-iso8859 here] (or link below) for more on that. You might have to enter this:

 &gt; export LANG=&quot;en_US.ISO-8859-1&quot;

Now configure for a debug build - see &quot;./configure --help&quot; for more - here are two examples:

 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=stack,modules,symbols
 
 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=all

You may &quot;make&quot; now, or choose a separate directory for your build (e.g. for easy removal), for example if compiling for i386 architecture you could create a directory like this:

 &gt; mkdir linux-i386
 &gt; cd linux-i386
 &gt; ../AROS/configure—enable-debug=stack,symbols,modules

When done configuring you're ready to go:

 &gt; make

Building AROS takes some time - minutes on fast machines (e.g. 2.5&amp;nbsp;GHz quadcore), up to hours on slower machines.
The result will be AROS Linux hosted with gdb debugging enabled.

See aros.org documentation for more on compiling AROS, including more [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php --enable-debug] options.


When finished, enter bin/linux-i386/AROS directory (replace &quot;linux-i386&quot; with your compilation target platform, e.g. linux-x86_64, etc.) inside the unpacked archive directory. This directory contains the required .gdbinit file for properly running AROS inside gdb.

 &gt; cd bin/linux-i386/AROS

Run AROS (here: with 128MB of memory) from gdb:

 &gt; gdb—args boot/aros-unix -m 128
or
 &gt; gdb—args boot/arosboot -m 128

 (gdb) r

Watch the shell output - in case AROS complains about &quot;LoadKeyCode2RawKeyTable: Loading &quot;DEVS:Keymaps/X11/keycode2rawkey.table&quot; failed!&quot; you should also see some instructions on how to create a keymap table. (see link above &quot;more on compiling&quot;, too.)
Quit gdb, and try default keymap table:

 (gdb) q
 The program is running.  Quit anyway (and kill it)? (y or n) y
 &gt; cd ../../..
 &gt; make default-x11keymaptable

Re-run AROS, as described above. Try e.g. RAros (= right windows key) + W to open a shell. If this doesn't work you have to create a keymap table yourself, quit gdb again, and make a new keytable:

 &gt; make change-x11keymaptable

A window will open. Watch the window's title bar, and follow the instructions.

When done, re-run AROS. RAros + W should now open a shell.

Next, compile your program with gdb support.


When you start GDB is there a warning which says

   warning: File &quot;&lt;whatever&gt;/.gdbinit&quot; auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to ...

If so start gdb with &quot;-ix .gdbinit&quot;


&lt;pre&gt;
Summary - In short:

* build AROS with debugging support (i.e. ./configure --enable-debug=all)
* build your application with debugging support (i.e. option -g)
* run AROS in the GNU debugger (you may use the GUI frontend &quot;ddd&quot; which simplifies usage a bit)
* start your application
* use the commands &quot;findaddr&quot; and &quot;add-symbol-file&quot; as written in the debugging manual
* if the debugger doesn't find the source code of your application use the &quot;dir&quot; command of the debugger. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

===How to use gdb===

In AROS open a shell, then (in host shell) use CTRL-Z to go into gdb. Use &quot;b Exec_CreatePool&quot; (one of the functions used early on by startup code in programs) to add a breakpoint, then &quot;cont&quot; and gdb will interrupt somewhere early during startup of &quot;program&quot;. Use &quot;bt&quot; to show backtrace and &quot;loadseg&quot; for &quot;??&quot; entries. One of them will be for &quot;program&quot;. After that you can use &quot;disassemble program&quot;.

One thing you need to make sure is that .gdbinit you have in your build directory is the same as in source tree. It has been modified some time ago, but the build system does not refresh it - you need to copy it manually

To recap, please read our debugging [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/debugging.php manual]:


To detect segfaulting when loading, try...

 ./configure—enable-debug—with-optimization=&quot;-O2&quot;

Because crash or no crash may depend on optimization. For newer compilers maybe this helps...

 --with-optimization=-&quot;-O2 -fno-strict-aliasing&quot;

One way to make crashes less random (more easily reproducible) is to activate the munging of free memory in rom/exec/freemem.c which is normally commented out:

&lt;pre&gt;
Index: freemem.c
===================================================================
--- freemem.c   (revision 34289)
+++ freemem.c   (working copy)
@@ -154,11 +154,12 @@
         * created with their TCB placed in the tc_MemEntry list. The workaround
         * is to avoid munging when FreeMem() is called with task switching disabled.
         */
+
        /* DOH! it doesn't work even this way. What's wrong???
-        *
-        * if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
-        *      MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);
         */
+
+       if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
+           MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);

     }
&lt;/pre&gt;

Mungwall can be turned on at runtime. Currently this works in all hosted versions. Just specify &quot;mungwall&quot; on kernel command line and it works. It can work on native too. In order to enable it you need to parse kernel command line, and if &quot;mungwall&quot; is present, set EXECF_MungWall bit in IntExecBase.IntFlags.

This needs to be done before the first AllocMem() for obvious reasons. And never reset back this flag! If you change it on a working system, you are doomed.

Hosted ports do the processing in rom/exec/prepareexecbase.c --enable-debug=mungwall option in configure still works but is going obsolete.  A kludge in rom/exec/allocmem.c is responsible for this and it needs to be removed when the transition is done.

BTW,  on  i386-pc  port it can be activated by &quot;mungwall&quot; argument on command line, you don't need to rebuild AROS.
New mungwall affects not only AllocMem()/FreeMem(), but also pools. I also tested it with AllocAbs(), seems to work correctly.

Runtime mungwall works on:

* pc-i386
* pc-x86_64
* linux-i386
* linux-x86_64
* darwin-x86
* linux-ppc

Works on all hosted ports, if the port itself is working.

* amiga-m68k
* Not on sam440-ppc and efika-chrp-ppc, even if they would be able to be built at moment. Does not work on (for now, need NVRAM support)

When starting my freshly rebuilt i386-linux-aros which was compiled with full debugging support I get sometimes the error &quot;Program exited with code 0377&quot;. Add the following to your .gdbinit: 
 set follow-fork-mode child

Here are some of the custom AROS gdb functions (defined in &quot;.gdbinit&quot; file) to resolve &quot;in ?? ()&quot; entries in backtrace: 
&lt;pre&gt;
#0 0xb7ffd424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1 0xb7e2a657 in sigsuspend () from /lib/libc.so.6
#2 0xb7c63900 in ?? ()
#3 0xb7c640e3 in ?? ()
#4 0xb7c641e0 in ?? ()
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can use

 loadseg 0xb7c63900
 loadframe 2
or
 loadbt
and some others. Use &quot;help &quot; for a little help text. If the commands do not work try &quot;loadkick&quot; first.


Use &quot;thistask&quot;, &quot;taskready&quot;, &quot;taskwait&quot; to get list of AROS tasks. &quot;bttask &quot; shows backtrace of a task which is in ready or in wait queue and &quot;loadseg&quot; to resolve &quot;??&quot; entries in it's backtrace (&quot;loadframe&quot; would not work as it assume current running task).

===Native debugging tools for AROS===

 to enable debugging at boot time entering the GRUB menu editing line (E key) and adding &quot;debug=memory&quot; to your boot line, then press Ctrl+X to complete booting.


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Bifteck'''

Open a shell and enter the line below to run Biftek and grab the debug messages collected in RAM into a text file.

 tools/debug/bifteck &gt; ram:debug.txt

and certainly does not open a window. It is a shell tool and only dumps data located from the debug location.
It is therefore important to 'catch' that debug data as soon as possible (before it gets overridden). You should invoke bifteck at the first opportunity before doing anything else.  You can use the TO option to store bifteck output to a file or you can pipe it manually to a file.  


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Sashimi''' - displays error messages

One suggestion is to do a bug() debugging. Each time bug() is executed it will be output on sashimi. 
You include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt; and place bug(&quot;something\n&quot;); in your source code at location though which control passes.

To get the output - open an aros shell

 SYS:Tools/Debug/sashimi &gt; RAM:out.txt

'''Ctrl C''' to end the output to the RAM Disk.

# open shell, and type
# ram: (to switch to ram drive)
# System:Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; mylogfile.txt
# open AHI prefs using wanderer (or use another opened shell)
# play test sound
# close AHI prefs
# shell still open with Sashimi running: press ctrl-c to break Sashimi and return to prompt.
# in shell: copy mylogfile.txt System: (or to your required location)


SYS:Utilities/'''Snoopy''' - monitors OS function calls, run &quot;Sashimi&quot; to see Snoopy's output


SYS:Tools/'''WiMP'''    - the Window (and Screens) Manipulation Program

You can use the -E option of gcc to find out how preprocessor macros are expanded.

===Errors===

crash in strcasecmp usually means that one of its arguments is NULL.

empty space between these two names, prossibly some invisible character 

Old Amiga [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php?title=Guru_codes&amp;redirect=no Guru Codes]

If the crash is in intuition. Sometimes, if it relates to text, a null pointer sets it off. 
an uninitialised pointer can have any address (this is a common fault).


Compiling on 64bit, Many old code would not properly typecast when doing pointer-integer conversions and thus at least throw a warning. This can easily be located and fixed.

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.
* Fix (change IPTR/SIPTR back to ULONG/LONG) the few places which really rely on ULONG/LONG being exactly 32 bit. That's for things like pixel (ARGB) buffers, structs written/read to disk, colormaps, but probably not much else.

Then again, many current compilers also throw a warning when you try to assign a pointer value to an integer and the integer is possibly too small. This happens under .NET for example when a 64 bit pointer is assigned to something like an ULONG - so exactly the case which you described.


=== AI ===
                  Multimodal
                   Context
                   Prompt
                    &lt;---
  Model &lt;---&gt; Agent ---&gt; End user
 engine 

 Gemini      LMStudio
  Qwen       Comfyui
   etc

Recent, self hosting locally on laptops, mini pcs or desktops with '''quantization''' 4bit has reduced memory requirements but still require 16Gb+ and no high end gpu for text based 

*[https://lmstudio.ai/download LMstudio single gpu],

Google Gemma 4 Model 
*[ 12B QAT] 


Alibaba Cloud's [https://huggingface.co/ Qwen] team series of large language models LLMs 
*[https://huggingface.co/models?other=qwen3 Qwen 3], [], 
*[https://huggingface.co/models?other=qwen2 Qwen 2], [https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B qwen 2.5 Coder],  


Small models 
*[ glm-ocr]
*[ medGemma]
*[ qwen 3.5-4b]
*[https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw picoclaw claude] 


Bigger LLMs but with settings 
*[https://ollama.com/download Ollama single gpu]
*[https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases llama.CPP multi gpus],
*[ VLM multiple gpus],
Multimedia 
*[ Kimi K3], 


For the full experience 
#Training learning using 1+ high end GPUs at least 16GB VRAM per GPU card or 64Gb+ of unified, 16Core CPU with at least 64Gb of RAM system memory, though training can take weeks 
#Inference with custom asics or GPUs 

*[ MiniMax H3] for audio and video but gpu 8Gb+ 
*[https://github.com/jamiepine/voicebox voicebox]
*[https://github.com/ideogram-oss/ideogram4 ideogram4]
*[https://github.com/calesthio/OpenMontage OpenMontage]

&lt;pre&gt;
Text to Audio --\
Text to Video --/ Reference Video --&gt; Video and Audio output 
&lt;/pre&gt;

=== Example ===

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
/* 1. Header for your name,date,purpose of program.
2. Pre-processor directives. This will include the #includes for files you want to add. 
3. Includes for function prototypes if necessary.
4. Main()
Create Pointers for Libraries and any Window you want to open.
5. Open necessary libraries.
6. Check if open exit program if fail.
7. Open a window exit program if fail.
8. Add your program
9. Close Window
10 Close Libraries.
11 End Program. */

/* standard os included headers &lt;.h&gt; */
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosasl.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosextens.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/exall.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/rdargs.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/memory.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;utility/utility.h&gt;
#include &lt;intuition/intuition.h&gt;

/* define as unresolved external references (proto/xxx.h) and compiler will link to auto(matically) open library */ 
#include &lt;proto/arossupport.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/intuition.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/graphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/cybergraphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/datatypes.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;workbench/workbench.h&gt;
#include &lt;workbench/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;datatypes/pictureclass.h&gt;

#include &lt;proto/muimaster.h&gt;
#include &lt;libraries/mui.h&gt;

#include proto/bsdsocket.h

#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;

/* my own headers &quot;.h&quot; */

#define CTRL_C      (SetSignal(0L,0L) &amp; SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C)
#define  isDir(fib) ((fib)-&gt;fib_DirEntryType &gt;= 0)

#define ARG_TEMPLATE    &quot;FILE/A,ALL/S,QUIET/S,W=WIDTH/N,H=HEIGHT/N,M=METHOD,DEFTOOL&quot;

int main(void)
{


	return retval;
} /* main */
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you used c++, there is not yet c++ support in our shared library system. 
The easiest way to create / compile a shared library would be to use the AROS build system but the libraries can be created manually. You have to create a ROMTAG structure and some header files.  

A shared library is built with the %build_module macro with a line like this:

 %build_module mmake=MetaTarget modname=mylib modtype=library files=SourceFiles 

This macro can build different AROS module types, like devices, Zune classes, HIDDs, etc.

&lt;pre&gt;
##begin config
version 1.0
##end config

##begin functionlist
void func1(LONG a, LONG b)
int func2(char *s, ULONG a)
##end functionlist
&lt;/pre&gt;


Alternatively,  

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifndef LIB_H
#define LIB_H

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/semaphores.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;

#ifdef __AROS__
//#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#define reg(x)
#define __saveds
#endif

#define USESYSBASE struct ExecBase *SysBase = Base-&gt;My_SysBase;

struct MyTestBase
{
  struct Library   My_Test_Lib;
	struct ExecBase *My_SysBase;
	APTR             My_SegList;
  int              testint;
};

#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Resident header written for mytest.library */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#define VERSION         1
#define REVISION        0

#define LIBHEADNAME     mytest
#define LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;mytest&quot;
#define COMPDATE        &quot;04.10.2015&quot;
#define VERS            &quot;1.0&quot;

#define LIBBASETYPE 	struct MyTestBase
#define LIBBASETYPEPTR  LIBBASETYPE *

#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/resident.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/nodes.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;aros/symbolsets.h&gt;
#include &quot;lib.h&quot;

const UBYTE lib_name[] = LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library&quot;;

const UBYTE lib_id[] = &quot;$VER: &quot; LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library &quot; VERS &quot; (&quot; COMPDATE &quot;) by ALB42\n&quot;;

extern const APTR FuncTable[];

AROS_UFP3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFPA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFPA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFPA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
);

static struct LibInitStruct
{
    IPTR                   LibSize;
    const APTR             *FuncTable;
    const struct DataTable *DataTable;
    APTR                    InitFunc;
}
const LibInitStruct =
{
    sizeof(LIBBASETYPE),
    FuncTable,
    NULL,
    (APTR)InitLib
};

const struct Resident romtag =
{
  RTC_MATCHWORD,              /* match word */
  (APTR)&amp;romtag,              /* back pointer */
  (APTR)(&amp;romtag + 1),        /* skip pointer */
  RTF_AUTOINIT | RTF_EXTENDED,/* flags */
  VERSION,                    /* version */
  NT_LIBRARY,                 /* type of module */
  0,                          /* init priority */
  (STRPTR)lib_name,           /* module name */
  (STRPTR)lib_id + 6,
  (APTR)&amp;LibInitStruct,
  REVISION, NULL
};

AROS_UFH3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFHA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFHA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
    )
{
    AROS_USERFUNC_INIT
    
    Base-&gt;My_SegList = seglist;
    Base-&gt;My_SysBase = (APTR)sysbase;
    Base-&gt;testint = 0;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;InitLib\n&quot;);
    
    if (!set_open_libraries())
    {
      set_close_libraries();
      return NULL;
    }
    
    return Base;
    
    AROS_USERFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibOpen,
    AROS_LHA (ULONG, version, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 1, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibOpen\n&quot;);

    (void)version;
    
    Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt++;
    return Base;

    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
    
}

__saveds APTR LibExpungeInternal(LIBBASETYPE *Base reg(a6))
{
  USESYSBASE
  APTR seglist;
  bug(&quot;LibExpungeInternal\n&quot;);

  if (Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  seglist = Base-&gt;My_SegList;

  Forbid();
  Remove((struct Node*)Base);
  Permit();
  FreeMem((APTR)Base - Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize, (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_PosSize +
    (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize);
  
  set_close_libraries();
  return seglist;
}

AROS_LH0(BPTR, LibClose,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 2, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibClose\n&quot;);

    if (!(--Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt))
    {
      return LibExpungeInternal(Base);          
    }
    return 0;
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(BPTR, LibExpunge,
    AROS_LHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    struct ExecBase *, sysBase, 3, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT

    (void)sysBase;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibExpunge\n&quot;);

    return LibExpungeInternal(Base);
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH0(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibReserved,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 4, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibReserved\n&quot;);

    return 0;
    //return (APTR)LibReserved();
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}


// Space for your own functions
// do not forget to update the FuncTable as well

AROS_LH1(int, TestFunction,
    AROS_LHA(int, TestValue, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 5, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;TestFunction\n&quot;);

    Base-&gt;testint = TestValue + Base-&gt;testint;
    
    return Base-&gt;testint;
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

// Functable -&gt; Table of all functions in the Library, in right order - important!

const APTR FuncTable[] = 
{
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibOpen,LIBHEADNAME,1),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibClose,LIBHEADNAME,2),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibExpunge,LIBHEADNAME,3),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibReserved,LIBHEADNAME,4),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(TestFunction,LIBHEADNAME,5),
    (void *)-1
};

// AutoInit stuff
void *__PROGRAM_ENTRIES__symbol_set_handler_missing;
void *__LIBS__symbol_set_handler_missing;
// end of AutoInitStuff
&lt;/pre&gt;

Makefile
&lt;pre&gt;
VPATH = 
CFLAGS = -O2 -g -fomit-frame-pointer -W -Wall -Wno-parentheses
CC = i386-aros-gcc
LD = i386-aros-gcc
LDFLAGS = -nostartfiles -Wl,-Map -Xlinker linkermap
LIBS = -lautoinit -llibinit
STRIP = i386-aros-strip --strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment

OBJS = lib_header.o 

all: mytest.library

mytest.library: $(OBJS)
	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS) -o $@

lib_header.o: lib_header.c lib.h

clean:
	rm -f *.o *.library *.ppu testlibrary linkermap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Porting UNIX library to AROS - dealing with static variables which would make it easy to port such libraries to AROS, keeping the benefits of sharing them on disk, but losing the benefit of actually sharing them in memory.

Our problem arises by the fact we want to share the actual code (the .text section of the library) and constant data, but we need to have per-task .bss and .data sections. If we get rid of our intention to share the .text and .rodata sections, things get quite easy: just load and relocate the library whenever it's open, by whoever it's open. It's like statically linking the library into the executable, except that the final linking is done at runtime.

In the V0 branch, in workbench/hidds/hidd.nouveau was committed pcimock.hidd. This is a pci driver that allows mocking real PCI devices under linux-hosted. The main idea is to be able to run the real hardware driver under linux-hosted with as little changes as possible (some changes will always be needed though unless someone wants to write complete device simulator) so that driver's code paths can be executed and debugged using gdb. This was a very helpful capability when porting nouveau. Now it is externalized from nouveau.hidd and can be used by other people porting drivers. The pcimock.hidd can currently mock 4 different nvidia cards, 1 AGP bridge and also mock irq.hidd.

What's the difference between this driver and the pcilinux.hidd? I used that one to develop many different HW drivers for aros. As far as I understood the intention of pcilinux.hidd it is supposed to get access to real hardware that is running under linux. The pcimock.hidd goal is to mock the hardware. For example my dev box is a PCIE system, but I still would like to run the AGP codes paths in nouveau under linux-hosted to check if they don't seg fault. The other case would be to run codes paths for hardware that the developer does not have (Fermi cards in my case). In the case of pcimock.hidd, the AROS driver's code paths will execute as long as you add proper mocking (for example fill in PCI config area or values for registers in BARs). This is an advantage for ported drivers - the code should already work (since it worked on another system) but there might have been mistakes made during porting which can be detected easily with gdb.

In case you are writing your driver from scratch, pcilinux.hidd hidd will give you more advantage, since you can actually access the real hardware from linux-hosted.


== Misc ==

===APL, MPL, BSD, GPL and LGPL Licences===

The majority of AROS sources in licensed under AROS Public License ([http://aros.sourceforge.net/license.html APL]) which (to a degree) protects us from someone taking AROS sources and not contributing improvements back (for example MorphOS took some AROS source and then contributed changes back)

It is written to allow the use of AROS code in other open source or commercial projects without exception whilst providing a mechanism so that improvements/additions can find their way back to the original source in one form or another.

There are &quot;3rd&quot; party applications used by AROS that do not fall under this license, which are an extra &quot;Contrib&quot; download for convenience.

Anyone can port GPL-ed network and sound drivers as AROSTCP and AHI are GPLed. Direct using (porting) [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#GPLIncompatibleLibs GPL]-ed code in other parts of AROS (gfx, sata, usb) is not possible because AROS license is not compatible with GPL. You need to utilize permissive licensed code like BSD or MIT/X11.


BSD and MPL license are the closest to APL.

APL however is not so compatible with LGPL/GPL.

LGPL case - you cannot statically combine APL code with LGPL. You can, however thank to LGPL being &quot;lesser&quot; restrictive, use LGPL dynamically loaded libraries in APL codes.

GPL case - you cannot combine APL code with GPL in any way if there is no explicit clause by GPLed code authors allowing that. If you do combine APL with GPL in &quot;bad&quot; ways described above - you have a problem (you violate GPL). This problem might result in everything in AROS becoming GPL or everything running or AROS becoming GPL (here I'm not sure really). The other scenario is that you are not allowed to legally distribute such code at all. To be honest I have grasped how to violate GPL, but I'm still no exactly sure what happens when you violate it (but I'm sure it's not anything nice)

GPL software can run on top of non-GPL &quot;system components&quot; (see system components exception of GPL), but the other way around (non-GPL using GPL) leads to problems. This means applications like scout, or Quake III are ok (in the majority of cases).

Theres no reason GPL drivers cannot be ported - but they cant be in AROS's ROM (requires linking APL code with GPL), nor can AROS depend on them (e.g. they must use existing apis).
If they are launched (dynamically linked) by a user action that is allowed. It is also allowed to distribute such binaries together for convenience.

GPL is not about statical or dynamic linking but is about executing process and function calls.


These components - SFS, isapnp, Zune texteditor, AHi, network drivers, freetype, openuirl, BHFormat, Edit and (&quot; dynamically loaded libraries&quot;) are LGPL, not GPL. Mesa/Nouveau stuff is MIT. Some user tools are GPL though.

'''AROS (system)'''
* system components (libraries/classes/devices/etc) cannot be GPL as they would propagate GPL to complete system as well as GPL is not compatible with MPL from which APL is based 
* system components can be LGPL v2 or a permissive license (MIT/BSD)
* system applications can be anything you like (but still I would prefer APL or permissive so the code can be reused if needed)

'''Contrib:'''
* no rules - contrib does not impact AROS system since nothing in AROS system depends on contrib.

About stealing code: The chances of this happening is exactly the same whether we are APL or GPL. If any closed-source option wanted to do it, there is no one that can validate otherwise. MorphOS has used some AROS codes, but contributed changes back.

The rationale behind APL is that while it guarantees that the original developer will get the improvements back (to a certain degree - file based), the person who uses the codes does not have to open his original codes. BSD does not guarantee that the original developer gets improvements. GPL requires the person using the codes to open his codes as well.

The copyright holders needs to stay - we just need information from them that the codes are available under APL (for example a checked-in file like in case of Poseidon). We don't do transfer of copyrights.

; Ultimately what can and cannot be done is up to the author(s) - not the licence.

===AROS source code tree===

* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-trunk.txt
* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt


Found this interesting (non-GPL) licensing 'anomaly' - to keep in mind for distributors.

Programs that lose their license if sold (&quot;non-profit only&quot; licensed):
  contrib/aminet/comm/term/TinyTerminal
  contrib/aminet/dev/basic/bwBASIC
  contrib/aminet/text/edit/xdme
  contrib/fish/aroach
  contrib/fish/lotto
  contrib/fish/shuffle
  contrib/fish/touch
  + cdvdfs.


Here is a list of all the GPL/GPLv2/GPLv3 licenses fossology found, what have explicit licenses in their comments.


 excluded LGPL, BSD/GPL dual licensed and programs (such as Prefs/Edit and BHFormat)

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS/rom/dbus/include/  AFL_v2.1 ,GPL_v2+  (supposedly AFL &lt; 3 is GPL incompatible) 
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/betterstring/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/texteditor/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/gemimage/ GPL_v2+ GPL
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/degas/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/libs/openurl/README: GPL
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/documentation/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/source_code/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/kern/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/mmakefile.src conf.h  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/sys/  CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/net/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/api/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/conf/conf.h: GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/netinclude/net/radix.h: CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/ GPL_v2+  AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/COPYING: GPL 
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Docs/texinfo.tex: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/COPYING: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Drivers/EMU10kx/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI-Handler/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8029/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/pcnet32/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/ppp/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/atheros5000/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rhine/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/nForce/  GPL_v2+  GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/prism2/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/fec/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8139/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/etherlink3/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/intelpro100/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8169/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/emac/   GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8168/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/realtek8180/   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/via-rhine.c: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/   GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/e1000/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/sis900/  GPL   GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

AHI: it has special provisions (COPYING.DRIVERS). The library is LGPL, preferences software is GPL and drivers can be anything without breaking GPL/LGPL.

Network stack: well, we are long overdue for a new, IPv6 enabled network stack anyway, anyone interested? ;) Seriously though it seems like the glue code is GPL and as all the drivers. However some of the drivers are our own code, so they could be relicensed to LGPL.

 Same filter as the AROS trunk list. These should all be libraries or plugins - no programs.

&lt;pre&gt;
contrib/regina/utsname.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/MUI/BWin_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/BWin_private_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/COPYING: GPL_v2
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/MCC_BWins.readme: GPL_v2

contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/LEGAL: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D.readme: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.c: GPL

contrib/libs/mpega/  GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt

===Types===

On AROS following rules apply:
&lt;pre&gt; 
1. BYTE/UBYTE is 8bit, WORD/UWORD is 16bit, LONG/ULONG is 32bit, QUAD/UQUAD is 64bit, the types are comparable with stdint types (int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t)
2. IPTR/SIPTR are integer types large enough to fit pointer, that is sizeof(IPTR) = sizeof(APTR) = 4 on 32bit system, and = 8 on 64bit system
3. ti_Data in TagList is large enough to hold a IPTR/APTR type.
4. never store a pointer in integer of type LONG. It may work (if the pointer has upper 32bits clear), but does not have to. Compiler should warn you about that.
5. If you are unsure about point 4, allocate your memory with MEMF_31BIT flag set. But don't expect that AROS internals will do the same.
&lt;/pre&gt; 
point 4 is actually important.


* UBYTE/BYTE for 8bit
* UWORD/WORD for 16bit
* ULONG/LONG for 32bit
* UQUAD/QUAD for 64bit

&lt;pre&gt;
UBYTE    Unsigned 8 bit integer variable (byte).
BYTE     Signed 8 bit integer variable (byte).
UWORD    Unsigned 16 bit integer variable (word).
WORD     Signed 16 bit integer variable (word).
ULONG    Unsigned 32 bit integer variable (longword).
LONG     Signed 32 bit integer variable (longword).
FLOAT    32 bit IEEE floating point variable.
UQUAD    Unsigned 64 bit integer variable.
QUAD     Signed 64 bit integer variable.
DOUBLE   64bit IEEE floating point variable.
BOOL     Boolean variable, TRUE and FALSE are also defined in exec/types.h.
VOID     Void.

APTR     A generic pointer for multiple purposes - Arrays.
STRPTR   A pointer to a null-terminated string.
IPTR     Really important in AROS, the only way to declare a field that can contain both: an integer or a pointer.
&lt;/pre&gt;

if you want to write really portable app, you may be interested in standard datatypes defined in C99: int8_t, uint8_t, int16_t, uint16_t, int32_t, uint32_t, int64_t, uint64_t, intptr_t, uintptr_t. They are all defined in inttypes.h include file.

In exec/types.h the following short-cuts are typedef'd. They are used often in AROS, so you should nearly always include exec/types.h and soon only they will be removed from sys/_types.h include, all types are now defined in include files named aros/types/xxx.h.

(Preparation for C library split; sys/xxx.h include will only be available there when compiling with POSIX C library)


Compiler specific types, like int and long might change their size. In case of AROS, similar to linux, int remains 32 bit whereas long grows to 64 bits in size.

If you use Amiga-like data types, i.e. BYTE/UBYTE, WORD/UWORD, LONG/ULONG and QUAD/UQUAD or the C99 standard types (uint8_t and so on, see stdint.h include) then you should have less issues to solve than by using types without size guarantee.

Of course, all pointers grow to 64 bytes using 64bit cpu. Most of the code can be just recompiled and will work. In rare cases, where e.g. pointers are casted to integers, a special care must be taken. Especially in the cases, where pointer is casted to LONG/ULONG (this code will break on 64 bit AROS) e.g.  '#define IPTR ULONG'.

With compiler delint patches which the majority of them are simple casting issues to make the compiler happy. Notice some of the changes involve introducing double casts. In very recent versions of GCC. Yes, the bulk of the double casts are for converting 32 bit addresses (ie from a 32 bit PCI DMA address register) to a 64 bit pointer. First cast is to IPTR (to expand to 64 bits, and prevent sign extension if the address is above 0x7FFFFFFF), and then to APTR.

ULONG != IPTR except on 32bit .. so if you need to store pointers make sure and use IPTR and not ULONG (which some old code does). For this reason things like Taglist elements are 64bit (since the tag data can be a pointer). 
If your passing items on the stack you should use the STACKED attribute to make sure they are correctly aligned (on 64bit all items on the stack are 64bit..)

There is more issues like using &quot;== 0L&quot; causes problems.

===Endian===

*BE 
*LE

Use the macros from &lt;endian.h&gt; instead making a guess based upon architecture defines
 
&lt;pre&gt;
#if _BYTE_ORDER == _BIG_ENDIAN

#elif _BYTE_ORDER == _LITTLE_ENDIAN

#else
+
#error &lt;whatever.h&gt; - Byte order for this architecture is unsupported! 
&lt;/pre&gt;


===SVN and GIT===

If you want to help develop AROS OS itself, you can 

* view current GIT/SVN entries [http://aros.sourceforge.net/ Aros Org website] or [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Github], [https://github.com/ezrec older ezrec mirror], [https://github.com/michalsc/AROS/ older mirror], [https://trac.aros.org/trac/timeline TRAC], [], 
* awaiting update [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git git repo], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/commits ohloh] or [https://svn.aros.org/svn/aros/trunk/ svn repo] and access [Git version git://repo.or.cz/AROS.git here], 
* deprecated [https://www.gitorious.org/aros/aros/commit/a7fda9e ARIX commits] or [https://gitorious.org/aros/aros GIT old]

If you have SVN access (early 2015 introduced a new SVN server, create a new account at trac aros org) and/or have obtained the source [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php AROS site] - you can compile the current build tools/environment using: 

 &gt; make development

and follow this [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#building procedure] or [https://github.com/apiraino/aros_guide Guide] 


https://trac.aros.org/trac#Developing

If you plan on contributing back changes, please post information about such changes first on this [http://mail.aros.org/mailman/listinfo/aros-dev/ mailing list] for more experience developers can validate whether they are correct.


Then there are the nightly build machines. They svn update before the build and run configure as one of the next steps. autoconf might be added to the nightly build scripts.

Our build relies on packages downloaded from Internet (SDL for example) - it always worked this way. The minimal requirement (when just building core AROS) is binutils and gcc. If you build contrib as well, you need many more packages to be downloaded.

https://gitorious.org/aros/aros/commits/crosstools-II

git://gitorious.org/aros/aros.git

Branch crosstools-II there is only one commit on top of ABI_V1 
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-x86_64
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-x86_64
&lt;/pre&gt;
and
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-i386
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-i386
&lt;/pre&gt;
build OK.


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Maintainer|AROS Maintainer Docs]]''

===SDI Calls===

Integrate the 'SDI'-headers to allow easier porting to all amiga-like platforms.

&lt;pre&gt;
PUTCHARPROTO( PutTheChar, char c, struct SPrintfStream *s  )
{
 // REAL CODE
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

have &quot;SDI_compiler.h&quot; and &quot;SDI_hook.h&quot; included

its more organized like

 #include SDI/SDI_hook.h

than

 #include SDI_hook.h

option 1 --- i also use when back porting from amiga's..

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifdef __AROS__
#include SDI/SDI_hook.h
#else
#include SDI_hook.h
#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

also

you can add the -i include/sdi/ location if you do not want to add or edit any files.


Defining HOOKPROTO to IPTR name(struct IClass * cl, Object * obj, Msg msg); solved the problem

A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order. examine compiler/include/aros/symbolsets.h (AROS_LIBREQ)

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary (i have had -std=c99 most of the time).

===Locale with Flexcat===

Most languages have a locale, but not every app is localized, the only thing needed is to translate the &quot;catalog&quot; files. It is a case of locating the correct catalog and saving the translated version.

For every app that lacks of your language catalog and is localized anyway, you should find (in the sources) files related to locale:

* file.cd = catalog descriptor, contains base msg, with internal language (usually english)
* language.ct = catalog translation, contains every translated msg, indexed as in the file.cd.

Compare with other localized apps... Then, &quot;make my_app-catalogs&quot; should create and install your translated catalogs. ex : for, saying, sys:prefs/wanderer:

on root of AROS sources, type:
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer-catalogs&quot;
then (if you changed the .cd file):
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer&quot;

For apps not localized, you have to adapt their code to support it, if it is possible...

noticed the original .cd file has many (//) strings at the end of any voice, so added them also to the .ct file. 
That (//) is only for cd files. I'm highly recommending to use FlexCat for updating ct files, e.g. like this:

 flexcat app.cd deutsch.ct newctfile deutsch.ct

You'll get error checking and new entries are marked in the resulting ct file.

When editing .ct files, only change those lines containing translation and perhaps version string, nothing else.
The rest is up to the relevant tool, flexcat. In order to update your translation, type in the following in your shell:

 flexcat xyz.cd xyz.ct NEWCTFILE xyz_upd.ct COPYMSGNEW

This way you will not only make sure you have correct translation file but flexcat also pre-fills newly added strings with &quot;*** NEW *** text. Even better tool for checking cd/ct/catalog files is catcheck, but this one is sadly only available for AmigaOS/68k...

Some languages have variations, like portugues from portugal and portugues from brasil differs...

This is the way to go. I will have a look at language files, but basically if those two languages differ you have to do two separated set of translation files, yes.
(you could create a brazilian slang language localization too)

* At system level localization for one language is a dot language file.
(ex: locale:languages/klingon.language)

* At app level localization is a dot catalog file
(ex: locale:catalogs/klingon/system/libs/dos.catalog)

* At sources level, the dot ct file, and &quot;$language&quot; dot cd files and some building framework.
(ex: catalogs/my_app.ct catalogs/klingon.cd catalogs/mmakefile.src support.c support.h)

Please, use Flexcat to generate CT files: 
 FlexCat wanderer.cd NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct

Then fill the first 2 lines with something useful:
&lt;pre&gt;
## version $VER: wanderer.catalog 1.1 (9.2.2006)
## language deutsch
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can even update the CT-File: (This adds the new strings)
 FlexCat wanderer.cd deutsch.ct NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct


To compile a catalog you only need the .cd file and your translation (.ct file):
 FlexCat multiview.cd deutsch.ct CATALOG=MultiView.catalog


[http://murks-ide.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/murks-ide/trunk/src/Catalogs/flexcat_linux?revision=100 Linux version of FlexCat]

: [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/localization.php#localization-for-non-developers More information]


A script which compares the required version (i.e. the version which an application/module etc. tries to open) with the version of the existing CT files. The result is in this table:

https://github.com/aros-translation-team/translations/wiki/Progress

The following cases are highlighted:

    n/a i.e. CT misses at all
    version in existing CT file is lower than the required version


It might be a bit difficult to participate if you haven't worked with Git before but alternatively you can send your CT files to our Slack channel.

When the ct file has been generated via flexcat (flexcat keyshow.cd NEWCTFILE=spanish.ct) it has the following header:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## version $VER: &lt;name&gt;.catalog &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; (04.01.2021)
## language nolanguage
## codeset 0
;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Those values &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; are the version and revision of the CT file for the languaje or are the values of the application being localized?

The &lt;ver&gt; part must match with version which the application tries to open. You can find the value either in the column &quot;Required Version&quot; in the table which I've linked above, our you can look in the git repository. For keyshow it would be https://github.com/aros-translation-team/keyshow. You can find in the file &quot;catalog_version.h&quot; the right version number.
The &lt;rev&gt; part starts for new CT files with 0 and should be increased every time the CT file is updated.

Updated several files and created a few more that were missing on the spanish catalog.

The catalogs are in Git repositories at https://github.com/aros-translation-team

a) You tell me your Github user name. I'll invite you. You can work directly with the Git repositories.

b) You create Github forks of the catalog repositories and create pull requests.

c) You send the CT files to mrustler  gmx de


===C Utils Misc===

The AROS source uses at several places the __DATE__ macro to fill the date entry of a $VER tag. Problem is that c:version doesn't understand that date format (e.g. &quot;May 21, 2011&quot;). As a result the output of e.g.
&gt; &quot;version c:shell full&quot; contains &quot;(null)&quot;. Is extending the version command to understand the format of __DATE__  the right solution for that problem?

AmigaOs compilers should use __AMIGADATE__ macro or similar form, if it isn't implemented it could be emulated in makefile: -D__AMIGADATE__=\&quot;$(shell date &quot;+%d.%m.%Y&quot;)\&quot;

BTW. I think DD.MM.YYYY is better format than &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; because &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; is not localized in any way.

&quot;strnicmp&quot; shouldn't work with NULL pointers

The Situation:

compiled a linklib using c++ object files (using the c++ cross compiler).
compiled a C stub that uses the linklib (using the c++ cross compiler).

Try to link them together (using the c++ cross compiler) with C object
files (using the normal target c compiler) that need to use -nostartup
= cant do because using the c++ files pulls in arosc (for stdio etc.) -
so wants to have the autoinit stuff present.

What can I do about this??

If it is possible to manually open it then what do I need to do exactly?

=== ENV ===

The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact. However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

99% of the time that statement is true (not required) for pretty much every file in ENV: or do people change their default icons - and prefs settings - every boot?

There seem to be a bad habit of late with developers changing things to reflect their own personal preference when the change isn't actually necessary - It would be nice if people could refrain from doing that in the tree without at least discussing it on the dev-list first (and with good reasoning unless they committed said work in the first place..)

We're not keen on the pollution of the &quot;S:&quot; dir: it's meant to be for scripts. What's wrong with &quot;ENV:&quot;?
Only the fact that it takes up RAM. I  understand  that  for  PCs  with  several gigabytes of RAM this is
irrelevant. But let's remember about other machines. The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact.

However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

How about implementing in the style of HappyENV then? RAM-disk handler that falls through to reading from ENVARC: if there is no such file stored in it already. Removes RAM usage for unchanged files, removes the need to copy ENVARC to ENV in startup-sequence. 
Shouldn't be too hard to make from AmberRAM, or even just extend AmberRAM to provide this service.

Is it feasable to build a special version of AmberRAM handling ENV: that will try and copy the requested file from ENVARC: if it isnt found in ENV: ? 
Additionaly it could mark closed &quot;files&quot; as untouched - and expunge them from ENV: after a period of time to free up additional RAM:, or when the system is running low on free memory?

Silenty disappearing files may not be a good plan. Would be nice if the following would work:

ASSIGN :ENV SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc ADD
ASSIGN :ENV RAM:ENV  ADD

Where new files put in ENV: end up in RAM:ENV, and opening files looks in RAM:ENV first, then SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc

Well - that's essentially what im proposing but without the assigns - or need for a RAM:ENV directory. 
Adding it as a feature of AmberRAM sounds like the most memory efficient way (one handler to load in RAM) but that's only if it is possible to make it handle ENV: additionally to RAM:, and if it is even possible to add the proposed functionality (...and how to make it enable it when accessing ENV:).

===(AS)MP support===

If one has to recompile software for SMP multi core, is there any thing special one has to do to get software to run?   
Use task.resource if you need to query information about what tasks are running, and clear msgports completely when they are allocated.

Most code should not need Forbid. Use Semaphores, Messages etc. to sync your own code. 

Accessing system structures is a different thing. Use the proper API whenever possible.

How single structures will be protected in the future is still a moving target, at least it is not documented. And you should never  use undocumented stuff  


Ideas on for SMP multi-core

Another suggestion is ... Forbid/Permit function calls are meant to halt multitasking so as no other task could intervene with what ever the calling task is doing, e.g. setting semaphores. Disable/Enable calls are meant to halt interrupts and as a side effect they also halt task switching.

One option is to make it compulsory to protect shared resources with semaphores and forbid the use of simple Forbid() calls as to protect something. Setting semaphore should be done if possible with atomic instructions (check and alter in one instruction). Or make the second concurrent ObtainSemaphore call halt the second calling task and force if possible a task switch which ever gives better results. 

Semaphores could store the owning tasks task pointer instead of boolean to make things easier.

As long as the CPU initiates the DMA transfers through the OS, and the OS ensures that the transferred memory is within the region accessible to the user initiating the transfer, everything is fine. The CPU is the conductor, and the CPU by that has the control of which DMA transfer is initiated and which is not.
All you need to do is to write device drivers reasonable. Hint: CachePreDMA and CachePostDMA exist.
All the Os has to do is to verify that the memory regions to be transferred are valid, and prohibit direct access to the DMA control registers from user space. None of these algorithms imply huge costs.
The current OS design doesn't really allow virtual memory in first place, Forbid() is again the problem.

[http://www.tbs-software.com/guide/index.php?guide=autodocs.doc%2Fmemory.doc&amp;node=1 memory.library API] seem to low level. IMHO the programs should not know how the swapping is implemented. I would just go for one new memory flag
MEMF_SWAPPABLE that indicates that a certain memory region or a whole memory pool won't be accessed during Forbid()/Permit() etc. It only solves part of the problem, it only implements virtual memory and not memory protection. For the latter you need to be able make certain memory inaccessible by other programs, some memory read-only for one task and read-write for other tasks, etc. And I think this should be done in the same Address Space in order to avoid you constantly need to swap between different address spaces. 
So to summarize, if there are programs using this API we may provide a wrapper layer to get them working but I am not convinced this API should be the reference API with whom to provide VM to AROS programs.

=== Variadic ===

variadic functions (i.e. functions with an arbitrary amount of arguments).

&lt;pre&gt;
    #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;
    [...]

    char * STDARGS GetKeyWord(int value, char *def, ...)
    {
        [...]
        va_list va;
        [...]
        va_start(va, def);
        [...]
        va_end (args);

&lt;/pre&gt;

Please keep with using stdarg rather than having va casted to a LONG * type and varargs handled manually. Doing so, prevents tons of casting, where a simple va_arg can be used. So, string = *((char **) args) instead of string=va_arg(va, char *).

&lt;pre&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

int printf (const char * format, ...)

{
    int     retval;
    va_list args;

    va_start (args, format);

    retval = vfprintf (stdout, format, args);

    va_end (args);

    fflush (stdout);

    return retval;
} /* printf */
&lt;/pre&gt;

Couldn't find varargs.h or stdarg.h. and have no use for AROS_SLOWSTACKHOOKS or AROS_SLOWSTACKTAGS.

GCC looks for stdarg.h in a different place: 
 /bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/stdarg.h

Here is a path for a &quot;normal&quot; header:
 bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/../../../../i386-aros/sys-include/aros/system.h


The use of vararg.h isn't supported by newer gcc versions. If you want your code to run on architectures that pass part of variadic arguments in a number of registers you need to use AROS_SLOWSTACK macros. Otherwise your program will not work on powerpc and x86_64 ports.

Of course the SLOWSTACK stuff is not needed in a function that can use va_list, va_start, va_arg and va_end. It's only needed if you want to write functions like DoMethod or similar.

 #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

should be enough no matter if you do cross or native compiling. If it does not work, something is wrong and should be corrected.

Stdarg.h is here, Development:lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/

...which is part of the compiler's default include paths. In other words, #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt; works out of the box, indeed. (sorry, I should have just tried it before invoking &quot;search&quot; or &quot;find&quot;...)

furthermore, myprintf() as shown above won't work, because...

 printf(format, args);

...is wrong - the second argument does not match printf() prototype, it expects a argument list, but args is of type va_list (obviously) - so one has to use...

 vfprintf(stdout, format, args);

...instead, just like in the original printf(), and add fflush(stdout).

additionally, one could use...

 int myarg = va_arg(args, int);

...between va_start() and va_end() to access individual arguments, where each call to va_arg() returns an argument casted to the desired type (here: &quot;int&quot;) from the list given (here: &quot;args&quot;) and advances to the next one.

wrapping up vfprintf() and modifying the format string now is a major speedup! no more backslash-n typing! this has been haunting me for years!

On MOS and AmigaOS, the NewObject variadic function is kept in the static library. It takes most of the parameters on the stack - thanks to that the implementation of NewObject calls the NewObjectA function. Everything works perfect, and the typical MUI macros may be easily used.

This, however, is not the case when you compile for AROS. Here, NewObject is a variadic macro, not a function. Thanks such approach we do not need any custom compiler in case of systems, where the arguments of variadic functions are passed partially through registers and partially through the stack (This is the case of PPC and x86_64, this is also the reason why both OS4 and MOS require specially patched compilers).

Since NewObject is a macro, the gcc's preprocessor expects the list of macros arguments enclosed within parentheses. In MUI macros it is not the case. Imagine the following test code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

This will compile and work, but the following piece of code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))
#define END )

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b END;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

will fail with the error: unterminated argument list invoking macro &quot;foo&quot;

There are two ways of fixing your issue. Either create your new objects outside this huge MUI constructions, and in there use just a pointer, or get rid of the &quot;End&quot; macro and exchange it with &quot;TAG_DONE)&quot;.


Badly written software is, for example, casting va_list to an APTR or even doing so as if va_list were a plain table of function arguments. Such code needs to be fixed because it has very few chances to work anywhere but on author's machine ;)

The problem is nOt that they assume sizeof(APTR) == 4, its that they often do not use APTR, and use ULONG to store pointers exclusively. If the code used APTR/IPTR as it should - most of the &quot;problems&quot; wouldn't exist.

It would also help if people would start using variadic arguments properly. Many coders do assumptions which shall never be made. Instead, they should consider using stdarg.h file and all the va_* functions :)

===ABI===

In the head of our SVN repository there are now only 3 directories:

&lt;pre&gt;
admin/
branches/
trunk/
&lt;/pre&gt;

We have added two extra dirs there: tags and imports

As discussed when we branch ABI V0 and [[Aros/Developer/ABIv1|ABI V1]] it would also be good to introduce tags. Normally this is done in a directory in the repository called tags. Currently we don't have this directory there. (We do have branches/tags that is a hack I have done because one doesn't have write access in the top directory. I think this directory is not clean and should be removed).

The second directory I would introduce is an imports directory for implementing vendor branches as discussed in the svn [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.advanced.vendorbr.html book]. Currently we use code from several different projects and that code is stored inside the AROS tree; we seem to have problems with keeping this code up to date and merge our changes upstream. Maintainers of up stream projects like the MUI classes etc. have complained about this (to put it lightly).

Introducing these vendor branches would make it easier to see what changes we have made and make patches to be sent upstream and make it easier to import newer upstream versions of their code. Although can't &quot;copy&quot; the vendor branch into the main branch because it's already there, so start with a &quot;merge&quot;.

Yes, the first step to make the code already in the repository compatible with the vendor branches will be the most difficult. The best way to do it the following way:

* first import the version on which the current AROS code is based into the vendor branch
* then import the new version over it in the vendor branch
* finally merge the difference between these two version in the AROS code present in the repository.

For example, place NList directly under vendor and not in a subdirectory like &quot;contrib/zune/classes&quot;.

Actually after we have a stable [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/specifications/drafts/abiv1.php ABIv1 (2012 or later)]. We need to move away as much as possible from the contrib directory to some other repositories. The reasons are ...

* The AROS repository should be for the core AROS code.
* other contrib projects should be tried to be compiled for all Amiga-like OSes.
* The release scheme for AROS and the other programs should not have to be aligned.
* Binary versions should be provided on aros-archives and on aminet and/or OS4Depot to install them. (Some clever programs should maybe be provided to make the life of distribution developers easier). 
* avoid parallel forks of programs for AROS and the other amiga OSes.

If there is really a need for a place for hosting AROS projects we may investigate setting up such a server but then including bug tracking, governance, maillist, etc. for each project separately. I personally think there are already enough places like sourceforge, google code, savannah, etc. where people can go for hosting such projects.

==Links==

* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com
* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com/doku.php?id=dev-links


 In the future...?
*AROS 64bit - SMP, Vulkan with OpenGL compability layer
*AROS 32bit - keep for historic reasons 

What would you like to see implemented in AROS?
ABIv1 completed, SMP (x86_64),  SendMsg()/GetMsg() to support memory protection between target and destination, in that order.   Michal Schulz and Jason McMullan have been toying with the question &quot;What are the minimal changes needed to the AmigaOS 3.1 API to support SMP&quot;?  The answer so far seems to be &quot;few, but subtle&quot;.  For example, SysBase-&gt;ThisTask is no longer meaningful on SMP, but FindTask(NULL) is.  Disable() and Forbid() are shockingly bad on performance, but adding a spinlock semaphore mode to SignalSemaphore will help new code on SMP.  

Leveraging a 'common' OS with a lot of machine support (Linux, MacOS, Windows, QNX, etc.) is something that AROS has been doing for quite a long time, and it is the biggest strength of AROS. This AROS experience and programming model, in the same way the Google's Android layers on top of Linux, or MacOS X layers on top of the Darwin/BSD kernel, as a first step 

* The graphics + layers subsystem could be implemented as a shim on top of a OpenGL ES implementation (ie on any modern Linux system, or the RaspberryPI's hardware, MacOS X, etc). 
  - This also allows every window to be on its own 3D surface with backing store, allowing Wanderer (or a Commodity)
rearrange/zoom/animate app windows without having to send a pile or refreshes to them

* Use OpenAL as the sound backend
* AROSTCP would be a thin layer over the native OS's TCP/IP stack
* dos.library, poseidon.library, and input.device would be slim shims over the native APIs
* If we move to loading all libraries' into the application's task space, instead of a single global instance of the library, this will allow SMP and MMU more easily. 
  - Yes, it will require a lot of work in the libraries to make this transition
  - Yes, I do think it will be worth it in the end.

* A 'fat binary' install format (or, maybe LLVM bytecode) that can be 'flattend' to the target architecture on installation.

So, what would this 'AROS of the future' look like?

* AmigaOS 3.x style API, with certain 'fundamental changes' to message passing
* Uses the underlying OS' device drivers, so more AROS developer effort can go to user-visible features and bugfixes 
* Allows AROS applications to run side-by-side with the OS's native apps


And why would anyone want to program on such a system?

* AROS applications would run on any system that has the AROS Framework installed
* AROS applications are pixel-for-pixel the same on all platforms. 
* Develop with the knowledge that you are guaranteed OpenGL and OpenAL, and the rest of the AROS Framework

an option for mmake to dump its dependency of metatarget in a graphviz[*] input file. This should make it possible to visualize the dependencies and hopefully be inspiration for cleaning up some mess, circular or unneeded dependencies and so on.


AmigaOS gcc 9 [https://franke.ms/amiga/gcc.wiki Old versions] able to create binaries for AmigaOS and [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=93813 Upgrading gcc versions] 


==References==
{{reflist}}
{{status|50%}}

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==A technical overview of AROS==

Google translation [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Hindi], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Chinese], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Russian], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Polish],
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pt&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAros%2FDeveloper%2FDocs Portuguese]

{{Uncited}}

AROS,&lt;ref&gt;[http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php References and sources]&lt;/ref&gt; like AmigaOS (TM), is a [[w:Message passing|message-passing]], [[w:Preemption (computing)|preemptive]] [[w:Multitasking|multitasking]] [[w:Operating system|OS]].

It uses [[w:Reentrant (subroutine)|re-entrant]] shared libraries to save memory space.

AROS is based around an executive library kernel (Exec) and two other libraries:

* Exec (the &quot;kernel&quot;, which is not a kernel in the modern sense), 
* Intuition (graphics and GUI, integrated into the system) and 
* AmigaDOS (Disk Operating System, the Metacomco's Tripos modified to work with Exec).

The design philosophies of AmigaDOS and Intuition are rather different, the former adopting a C-like API and the latter creating an [http://www.basden.demon.co.uk/amiga/amiga.oo.html object-oriented], message passing aware environment for the programmer. The system base is the only absolute address in AmigaOS (located at 0x00000004) this does differ with AROS as AROS SysBase is automatically provided (no $4) but everything else is dynamically loaded. The OS is well known for delivering high performance due to its close connections with the hardware, while simultaneously having the flexibility to support re-targetable graphics (Cybergraphics) and retargetable audio subsystems (AHI).

: Diagram showing relationships of libraries to system needed


Remember, AROS is a [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/ABIv1 research] operating system, and while all contributions to the base AROS code are welcome, please contact the dev list first for any core changes. Writing applications for AROS does not have this requirement. 

While AROS appears and feels almost feature complete, it is still [[Aros/Developer/IncompleteAPIs|missing a small number of functions]] from the Amiga API. 


[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1201 This thread provides] information for setup, [http://www.aros.org/documentation/developers/index.php documentation] and whether you are interested in core OS changes and/or writing/porting software apps 

*you compile directly under AROS, which can be running on either real hardware, virtual hardware
*in hosted mode under linux/window, cross-compile from that host OS (save your files as ISO-8859-15 encoding instead of UTF-8) [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Docker images] 


'''The repository''' for 64bit and 32bit ABIv1 all hardware platforms is [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS current development version]. 
There are many forks of this so that developers can work on their own and forward changes at a later date as discussed on the dev forum 


64bit PC is one of two hardware platform with another fork called [https://github.com/deadwood2/AROS abiv11] which is used for Aros One x64 PC 

32bit PC is the other fork [https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/tree/alt-abiv0 repository for current stable PC version ABIv0 with backported ABIv1 features is located which is used on AROS One and Icaros x86 32bit based distros] this is for historic reasons 


Any [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/issues bugs / issues can be added for ABIv1 issues]. The two individual PC forks have their own issues tab on their github webpages 

We have a [https://arosdevteam.slack.com/archives/CUFV48U3H slack here], discord on [https://discord.gg/UKp9qdEBuQ Discord@AmigaDev], 


==Software Development for AROS==

===Programming languages===

====Common to all====

'The Developer Environment', which primarily supports C/C++ code, there are other scripting programming languages available 

:[[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]] 
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LUA|LUA]] 
:REXX [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|Regina (AROS' ARexx)]] 


====Needs to be compiled/ported====

::[[Aros/Developer/Docs/LLVM|LLVM]] 
::Python [ Info], [], 
::[https://ae.arosworld.org/index.php?board=11.0 FreePascal FPC Aros-Exec thread], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language fpc arm here is very old and will not work], FreePascal for AROS has its own [http://fpcaroswiki.alb42.de/ Wikibook], 


::[http://sourceforge.net/projects/xamos/ X-Amos Basic] 
::[http://sdlbasic.sourceforge.net/ SDLBasic] ([https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language ])
::[[Aros/Developer/Basic/Basic4SDL|Basic4SDL]] ([https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language ])
::[http://alvyn.sourceforge.net/ Alvyn] ([http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/MISC.14.html download]) 


::[http://www.airsoftsoftwair.com/ Hollywood when enough users warrant a port - paid one time fee language] 


::[[Aros/Developer/Docs/E|AmigaE Portable E]]


====Hardware Restricted====

'''Basic'''

:[http://amos.pspuae.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html '''Amos Pro'''] [http://amos.pspuae.com/index.php?action=forum#1 compatible] [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php/Main_Page commands] (all incomplete) 

:'''Blitz Basic''' [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=46537#forumpost46537 none on AROS] 
:: [http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz] on amiga(TM) emulator

:'''Amiga Basic'''
:: [ ACEBasic]

'''Misc''' 
:Ruby [http://www.ruby-lang.org/en Info]/[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Ruby 32bit PC], 


===Where to get the C/C++ Environment===

If you want to develop for AROS, its generally easier to be running linux hosted AROS development environment especially for C++, cross compiling the code. That's how most developers now are doing it. g++ is used to compile owb web browser as well as some other AROS software. If you were hoping for a rich set of C++ libraries or classes defined for the OS feature set, you might be disappointed.

AROS Native compiling is possible, but you're much more likely to run into the odd bug(s) in the dev environment since it gets little testing and fixing by other developers.

Is there a sftp software or scp over ssh available?
Maybe. At least the security part would be handled by [https://github.com/jens-maus/amissl amissl] [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc port]. [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus5] has recently added sftp support. See here for a [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1974&amp;highlight=ssh&amp;pid=12073#post_12073 ssh scp client]

[https://arosdevteam.slack.com/join/shared_invite/enQtOTc4Mzg0NDIzNzQ0LWQ2NWZmNmMwNGIwNGEyNTgxNzU3MGFjMTk3ZThmOTQ1MTVjMzhmNTllYWQ0ZTUxMjBjMGE0Y2VjMDJmNTc5MzI#/shared-invite/email Slack Dev Forum] 


====Cross compilers from Windows or Linux====

*Windows WSL2 walkthrough can be [https://arosnews.github.io/how-to-cross-compile-aros-hosted-wsl/ found here] 


you want to build AROS. No problem.

Here are instructions for PC 64-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/master/INSTALL.md

Here are instructions for PC 32-bit:
https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS/blob/alt-abiv0/INSTALL.md

And as always has been the case you can use the contrib archive to 'obtain' the development directory which contains the /native/ AROS gcc compiler and tools. That compiler is used to build AROS itself but can be used outside the AROS build process by providing --sysroot with indicated directory to cross compile for AROS.


'''64 bit'''


'''32 bit'''

A good option for multiple OS is [https://axrt.org/index.php?tab=download-aros AxRuntime lets developers compile their Amiga API-based applications as Linux binaries being able to utilize modern development tools available on Linux, like IDEs, debuggers, profilers, etc] 


Older 32bit guides for Linux hosted compiler

Please install these packages before moving to next step. Below is a reference list for Debian-based distributions. Reference build system was Ubuntu 18.04/20.04 amd64.

subversion git-core gcc g++ make gawk bison flex bzip2 netpbm autoconf automake libx11-dev libxext-dev libc6-dev liblzo2-dev libxxf86vm-dev libpng-dev gcc-multilib libsdl1.2-dev byacc python-mako libxcursor-dev cmake zsh mingw64

Do all of these operations under home directory of your user or another directory where your user has write permissions.

Specifically, in a section &quot;Linux-i386&quot;, be sure first to build the cross-compiler (toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386) and only then AROS itself (alt-abiv0-linux-i386).


Clone &amp; build
&lt;pre&gt;
$ mkdir myrepo
$ cd myrepo
$ git clone https://github.com/deadw00d/AROS.git AROS
$ cd AROS
$ git checkout alt-abiv0
$ cd ..
$ cp ./AROS/scripts/rebuild.sh .
$ ./rebuild.sh
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now to the build selection below - Linux-i386 

Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 - Select alt-abiv0-linux-i386 (DEBUG) 

Start AROS by:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-linux-i386/bin/linux-i386/AROS
$ ./Arch/linux/AROSBootstrap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Pc-i386 Select toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 (if not built yet) - Select alt-abiv0-pc-i386

ISO image available in alt-abiv0-pc-i386/distfiles


Now that we have linux-hosted build, we can resume native (option 2).
Run ./rebuild.sh and selection option 2. Wait until it finished, then:
&lt;pre&gt;
$ cd alt-abiv0-pc-i386
$ make
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now
&lt;pre&gt;
$ make bootiso
&lt;/pre&gt;


Now, your compiler is located in toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386 directory and named i386-aros-gcc. Includes are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/include and libraries are in alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development.lib.

This is how then can be passed to the compiler:

/home/xxx/toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot /home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development -L/home/xxx/alt-abiv0-linux-i386-d/bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development/lib 

../toolchain-alt-abiv0-i386/i386-aros-gcc --sysroot bin/linux-i386/AROS/Development local/helloworld/helloworld.c -o local/helloworld/helloworld


Another method was using Debian like distros and download the gimmearos.sh script (on [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/cross aros-archives]) to setup the developer environment by downloading necessary packages ...
The gimmearos script is a good start in that direction, building the cross compilers and hosted AROS environment, but gimmearos.sh might be out of date or not be completely compatible with any given linux distro. 

In order to do that, you have to compile AROS yourself. Download AROS source archive not contrib. Compile AROS by entering the main directory

 ./configure
 make

([http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php More on compiling AROS]). The result will be a basic AROS system without development tools.

To compile C++ on Linux, type 'make gnu-contrib-crosstools', creating the cross-compilers in ./bin/linux-i386/tools/, named i386-aros-gcc, etc.

'''Note''': Currently, to make the cross compilers usable copy 'collect-aros' from tools/ to tools/i386-aros/bin/. At the moment the cross compilers if used from the Linux command line will only find it when it's there.

If you want to compile native compilers (the Developer Environment), type 'make contrib-gnu-gcc', creating native compilers in AROS' System:Development/bin directory.

When the output needs to be stripped &lt;code&gt;--strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment&lt;/code&gt;

The Obj-C backend should build out of the box.

Open contrib/gnu/gcc/mmakefile.src and search for the line which contains &quot;--enable-languages&quot; and add &quot;objc&quot; to the list of languages that follows it.

    --enable-languages=c,c++,objc

Better make it—enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++

ObjC++ is broken as soon as you try to use exceptions, but that might change in future GCC versions and it does not hurt having it there already.


Do you need a cross-compiler or a real compiler? In the first case you can get away with just downloading the proper gcc archive, apply the patch and proceed with the normal gcc build. In the case of a real cross-compiler then when downloading the contrib sources, also need to download the normal sources, place the contrib sources into a directory called contrib, need to install autoconf+automake+perl+python, call ./configure, cd into the subdirectory and type make.

to rebuild GCC with host == build == target == i386-pc-aros. So just get the vanilla sources and apply the patches without bothering about the build system?


[https://vmwaros.blogspot.com/2019/10/a-pre-configured-development-machine.html pre-configured VM environment vmware virtual machine to develop AROS and AROS software]


====Native compilers for AROS====

Namely gcc for C or g++ for C++ are supplied with the [[Aros/Developer/Docs#The Developer Environment|Developer Environment]], which is already '''setup''' and part of any current AROS distribution like AROS One or the nightlies 

* Current GCC 6.5 (32bit) though moving to 10.5 and 15.1 (64bit) 
* Older software components. GNU GCC 4.x GNU BinUtils, GNU Fileutils 4.x, GNU Textutils and others usually deprecated 

On single partition systems and the Boot ISO, the AROS Developer environment is installed under &quot;SYS:Development/&quot;. Systems with multiple partitions - such as a Work: partition - tend to install it to there instead, however it can be installed manually to any location. Please remember, if moving, that you will need to correct the Development packages 'install location' env variable to point to the new locations root - look in SYS:S/startup-sequence.

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign Development: SYS:Development 
Assign C: Development:bin ADD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


In the aros build instructions. you need to check out contrib and/or ports into your AROS source directory, as subdirs. then, assuming you are building in an external build dir, as you should, you simply configure and &quot;make contrib&quot; for instance or whatever submodule you might want to build.


===Beginners Tutorials in C C++===

As AROS is [http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=29856 C based] API compatible to AmigaOS 3.x, so most of the information on programming C on the Amiga applies to AROS as well. Please note that there is a lot of AmigaOS 1.3 (1985-1989) and [https://www.markround.com/amigaguide AmigaOS AOS 2.x (1990-1992)] information around but OS3.1 is recommended but limited in amount. 

Brief overview of what is required to write AROS Applications

# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|Intuition]] for basic screens/windows 
# Using graphics within windows via 8bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics]] and so onto  15-16-24bit [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphx]]
# Load and save work to [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos]] disk drives
# Using the [[Aros/Developer/Zune|ZUNE GUI Environment]]


Writing native games require this extra information

# Using [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|AHI audio hardware independent API]]
# Using USB joystick/joypad with the Poseidon USB stack through [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|LowLevel]] library


Additional features that could be added later

# Adding additional [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|Locale]] language translations to your program 
# Adding a [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Rexx|AREXX/Regina]] port to your application 
# Executing Amiga(TM) [[Aros/User/DOS|DOS]] commands from your application
# Using [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icons]] (.info files) and icon tooltypes (stack, version, and program startup options)
# Local couch or IP based SANA2 networking co-op multi player gaming support 


Most AmigaOS programming books are nowadays very much out of date as most are from the late 1980s and do not cover later amigaOS releases like 3.1 for example, Rob Peck's book &quot;Programmer's Guide to the Amiga&quot;. The Amiga ROM Kernel manuals aka RKMs like Libraries (3rd edition), Devices (), the AmigaDOS manual (3rd edition) and the Style Guide may have their uses. There are some reference examples from AmigaMail and Devcon notes (available again on an Amiga developers CD 2.1). 

For Arexx then &quot;The Amiga Programmer's Guide to ARexx&quot; by Eric Giguere, which was published by Commodore is useful as well as an &quot;Arexx Cookbook&quot;.

Curly brackets missing - try SHIFT + ALT + 7 or 0.


* Beginners C Guide [http://www.iu.hio.no/~mark/CTutorial/CTutorial.html C Tutorial], 
* [http://www.pjhutchison.org/tutorial/amiga_c.html Amiga based but interesting]
* [http://thecguru.com/ C for beginners],
* [http://fresh2refresh.com/c/c-basic-program/ C programming basics] for students, 
* [https://www.edx.org/courses Free Online course] from American Universities 
* Reference Amiga [http://amigadev.elowar.com/ API reference].


* AROS based c source can be found [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Examples|here]] and lots of example code can be found inside [https://github.com/aros-development-team AROS sources] themselves and from the contrib section of the archives from [https://github.com/aros-development-team/contrib Aros site], and study the AROS applications source code, e.g. the test programs from the Tests drawer (folder/directory). Take a look at the code of some smaller AROS programs might be a better and more up to date 

When you upload your builds, please write the architecture (like i386-aros, x86_64-aros, armPi-64 etc.) in the archive name 
and it is also advisable to write in the field &quot;Requirements&quot; what ABI (ABIv1 or for PC forks ABIv11 or ABIv0) 


===Compiling C/C++ Code===

Native, although we have a IDE Integrated Development Environment (Murks), it does lack a debugger. Whilst others use a combination of a text editor and shell to edit code. Most though use an AROS hosted on Linux to take advantage of the better GCC tools like GDB and various IDEs.

Open shell - its a menu option at the top left of Wanderer (desktop). Or by using the right Win key and w (or F12 and w) within the directory with the source code. Type in
 sh 
to change the amiga shell into a unix shell. You can then type in ls (unix equivalent to amiga dir). Take a look [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linux_commands here] for more commands.

For a single file program-name.c or program-name.cpp
 gcc -o program-name program-name.c  
or 
 g++ -o program-name program-name.cpp
or
 g++ -o test -Wall -g main.cc texturelib.cpp xmodelib.cc -lsdl -lgl

To close the shell, click on the top left-hand corner to close (twice). Once to get back the aros shell and then again to close finally. Use [http://freshmeat.net/projects/cksfv/ cksfv] as a test.

Some source code requires the addition of Amiga API libraries, like dos, which you can flag at the compile time as 
 gcc -o julia.exe julia.c -ldos

For DOS use -ldos as example and if you are compiling mui codes it will be -lmui or intuition -lintuition. Other missing symbols are due to linker libraries being necessary for linking in functions that aren't in the standard C libraries. For example some source code would need added

 -lz or -lm or -lpng or -larosc etc.

use this in unix line command mode to search for 'search-item' in many .c files (*.cpp for c++, etc.)
 grep -l 'search-item' *.c

If the program is not executable, try using parameter fno-common 

&quot;Delete #?.o&quot;? Or if you are using abcshell then &quot;rm *.o&quot;


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Porting software]]''


=== How to make Apps have AROS 64-bit specific support code ===

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

AROS64 already uses 64bit addressing, it just doesn't setup the MMU for more than 4GB physical memory currently.
When porting software to AROS64 it is &quot;mostly&quot; a case of converting ULONG's that are used to store pointers, into IPTR's instead, etc. Another quirk, is making sure items on the stack are the correct size by using the STACKED attribute for them. 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary, had -std=c99 usually 
A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order.

crash which suggest memory corruption. From my experience porting from 32-bit to 64-bit these kinds of errors can happen if a pointer is passed somewhere via ULONG variable. Then half of the pointer is cut.

To generate this error, please run AROSBootstrap with -m 1024. This will allocate heap to 64-bit address space which will make these errors immediatelly visible. These types of crashes are hard to debug. Disabled as little code as possible to stop corruption from occurring and then try to read from the code where it can be broken

Crashing in tslf_freevec is another symptom of memory corruption and these memory corruptions will manifest differently on different setups.


==Coding conventions==

As the AROS core source is a shared developer experience, there are rules regarding structure and style. When it comes to your creating your own app and coding, the structure and style should be your own, i.e. you should enjoy what you do and do it so that you can understand what is going on.

===Layout===

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
static void 1st_function()
{
    program
    exit(0);    
}

int main(void)
{
    1st_function();
    2nd_function();
    3rd_function();
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;

struct Screen * openscreen(void);
struct Window *openwindow(struct Screen *screen, const char *title, LONG x, LONG y, LONG w, LONG h);

VOID 1st_function();
VOID 2nd_function();

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    program
    return 0;
} /* main */

VOID 1st_function()
{

}

VOID 2nd_function()
{

}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

===General style===

This code is used by many people and therefore you should keep some things in mind when you submit source code:

* Keep things simple 
* Keep the source clean 
* Always know what you are doing, if not flag it and describe what needs to be done... 
* Explain clearly/simply what you are doing 
* Remember that you write code once but that it is read many times by many people

===Comments===

AROS uses some of the comments in the source to generate the documentation. Therefore it's necessary to keep a certain format so the tools can find their information. Other comments are ignored but they should explain what you thought when you wrote the code. If you really can't think of an explanation, then don't write the code a second time like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* This adds 1 to t */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

What we think of is this:

&lt;pre&gt;
/* Go on with next element */
t ++;
&lt;/pre&gt;

===Formatting===

This is only '''IMPORTANT''' if you are going to work on the core AROS code or contrib but not applications which may reside outside like on AROS Archives or other websites.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
{
    /* a */
    struct RastPort * rp;
    int               a;

    /* b */
    rp = NULL;
    a  = 1;

    /* c */
    if (a == 1)
        printf (&quot;Init worked\n&quot;);

    /* d */
    if
    (
        !(rp = Get_a_pointer_to_the_RastPort
            (
                some
                , long
                , arguments
            )
        )
    ||
        a &lt;= 0
    )
    {
        printf (&quot;Something failed\n&quot;);
        return FAIL;
    }

    /* e */
    a = printf (&quot;My RastPort is %p, a=%d\n&quot;
        , rp
        , a
    );

    return OK;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Looks ugly, eh ? :-) Ok, here are the rules:

&lt;pre&gt;
If several lines contain similar code, put similar things below each other (see a and b);
Put spaces between operands and operators
Put braces {}, brackets [] and parentheses () below each other (d) if there is much code between. 
Brackets and parentheses may be in one line if the code between is small (c)
Indent by 4 Spaces. Two indent levels may be abbreviated by one tab.
&lt;/pre&gt;

'''Before committing please normalize the indentation - if you have a mixture of tabs and spaced - please always use spaces, 1 tab = 4 spaces.'''

The reasons for this are:

# While some editors can use an arbitrary sizes for tabs, it's a bit complicated to tell another editor which tab size was used by the one used to write the code. 
# Most code in AROS was written this way and your code should look like the rest. 
# You can print this code on any printer without special tools to &quot;fix&quot; the tabs. 
# Most editors have smart tabs which do exactly this. If your editor doesn't, write a bug report.

If you have a function with many arguments (d, e) you should put the parentheses in lines of their own and each argument in one line (d) or put the first argument behind the opening parentheses (e) and each following argument in a line of its own with the comma in front. The closing parentheses is in a line of its own and aligned with the beginning of the expression (i.e. the a and not the opening parentheses or the printf()).

Use a single blank line to separate logical blocks. Large comments should have a blank line before and after them, small comments should be put before the code they explain with only one blank line before them.

If you see any TABS in AROS core sources then the suggestion is to &quot;detab the file and commit that separately&quot; either before or afterwards from making functionality changes. Make two commits instead of one. This makes it easier for others to see the real changes instead of having to dig through multiple lines of irrelevant diffs.

===Eliminating Global Variables===

i.e. pass variables to functions (local scope) or classes making it easier to track and debug your code.

Any time you find that you need a particular thing in 'a lot of different places', chances are that all those places are conceptually related, and so you can create a class, a namespace, a function, or some other higher-level organizational unit to represent that relationship. This makes the program easier to understand.

Bad Designs

* All variables are global. 
* There are no standalone functions, only sub-procedures which act on the global variables. 
* Every sub-procedure is at least 500 lines to several thousand 
* Every sub-procedure has more than one task to perform 
* Copy-paste is preferred to writing methods, AND subtle changes are made in the middle of the code

Good Designs

* structure program into functions (C or basic) - top-down procedural approach 
* put in class(es) (freepascal or C++) - the object is fixed and you use methods to access the object

&lt;pre&gt;
 class String_List
 {
 private:
 list&lt;string&gt; m_List;  // member
 public:
 void read_strings() { /* read strings into m_List */ }
 void print_strings() { /* write contents of m_List to stdout */ }
 void sort_strings() { /* sort contents of m_List */ }
 void sort_strings_reverse() { /* reverse-sort contents of m_List */ }
 void unique_strings() { /* remove duplicate strings */ }
 };

 int main()
 {
 String_List myList;  // local
 myList.read_strings();
 myList.sort_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.sort_strings_reverse();
 myList.print_strings();
 myList.unique_strings();
 myList.print_strings();
 return 0;
 }
&lt;/pre&gt;

This way it is very easy to replace the list with new list for debugging purposes, or replacing the methods without replacing the list, when you want different results. You only have to replace the content of the local variables.

 So create the structure that matches your data (linked lists, trees, arrays, etc.) and what to do with them (sorting, searching, etc.)

&lt;pre&gt;
.h usually contain #define #include typedef enum struct extern screen and window definitions (data structures)
.c should contains functions and algorithms
&lt;/pre&gt;

One way to look at it is that menu headings act as the .c file and sub-menu headings as functions.

When you start a project, you place a couple of declarations in the include file. As the project continues, you place more and more declarations in the include file, some of which refer to or contain previous declarations. Before you know it, you have a real mess on your hands. The majority of your source files have knowledge of the data structures and directly reference elements from the structures.
Making changes in an environment where many data structures directly refer to other data structures becomes, at best, a headache. Consider what happens when you change a data structure.

Use good variables names to help clarify code and only comment when you need to explain why a certain programming approach was made.

You're Refactoring Legacy Code, you see a global, you want to get rid of it. How do you do this?

Exactly what to do depends on how the global is used. The first step is to find all uses of the global throughout the code, and get a feel for what the significance of the variable is and how it relates to the rest of the program. Pay particular attention to the &quot;lifetime&quot; of the variable (when it gets initialized, when it is first used, when it is last used, how it gets cleaned up). Then, you will probably make the global a data member of a class (for OO languages), or you will write some get/set functions. Converting to the Singleton Pattern is common, but you may discover that it makes more sense for the data element to be a member of an existing singleton, or maybe even an instance variable.

# Create a basic read method, either as a class or a global function. Replace all reads with the access method, but leave the variable defined as a global.
# Review each of the writes to the method and extract action functions one at a time. Unless two operations are coded identically in the original code, extract each write access separately.
# Change the variable scope from global to local.
# Analyze similar action functions to determine if any can be merged, i.e., there are no functional differences in the results of the function, just differences in the implementation details.
# Review the calls to the read method and see if a more complex functionality should be applied. Follow the approach for writes and unless implementations are identical, create separate access functions. 
# Analyze the access functions for duplication.

As returning variables by &quot;passing by value&quot; are forgotten, so &quot;passing by reference&quot; is often used instead. The reference is a pointer to the variable so the value is remembered when returned.

Alternatives

* Hidden Globals
* Singleton Pattern
* Database or TupleSpace
* Context Object 
* Dependency Injection 
* Stateful Procedures


==AROS/AmigaOS APIs and Docs==

&lt;pre&gt;
Library:
   - Private data structure
   - Many public access methods

Device:
   - Private data structure
   - Two (BeginIO/AbortIO) access methods

Resource:
   - Public data structure
   - *NO* access methods
&lt;/pre&gt;

And, being Amiga OS-compatible, there are exceptions to all of these.


===System Libraries===

The [http://developers.aros.org/ AROS Guide To Libraries] can be used as a guide to individual commands and old Dev Docs are used in application programming.

Amiga/Aros styles libraries are very different from windows and linux libs. Typical .so/dll libraries are foreign to most Amiga-like OS 


*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AROSC|arosc.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/AmigaGuide|amigaguide.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ASL|asl.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Bullet|bullet.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/BSDsocket|bsdsocket.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CAMD|camd.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Codesets|codesets.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGFX|cybergraphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/CGXVIDEO|cgxvideo.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Commodities|commodities.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DataTypes|datatypes.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DiskFont|diskfont.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/DOS|dos.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Exec|exec.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Expansion|expansion.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/FreeType2|freetype.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/GadTools|gadtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Graphics|graphics.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Icon|icon.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Identify|identify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/IFFParse|iffparse.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Intuition|intuition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Keymap|keymap.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Layers|layers.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Locale|locale.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/LowLevel|lowlevel.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingBas|mathieeesingbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubBas|mathieeedoubbas.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEESingTrans|mathieeesingtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MathIEEEDoubTrans|mathieeedoubtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Mathtrans|mathtrans.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/MUIMaster|muimaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Partition|partition.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/PopUpMenu|popupmenu.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/OOP|oop.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Regina|regina.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Reqtools|reqtools.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/RexxSysLib|rexxsyslib.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/ScreenNotify|screennotify.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/TTEngine|ttengine.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Thread|thread.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Utility|utility.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Xadmaster|xadmaster.library]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Libraries/Workbench|workbench.library]]
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c82e86b8480277998014cc327b56c7664023a52f ClassAct Reaction boopsi class]


===AROS Subsystems===

# [[Aros/Developer/Zune|Zune MUI compatible GUI]]
# [[Aros/Developer/AROSAppPackages|AROS Application Packages]]
# AHI Audio Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/AHIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/AHIDriversDev|Development]]
# AROSTCP Sana2 Network Interface Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/NICDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/NICDriversDev|Development]]
# [[Aros/Developer/AmiSSL|AmiSSL]]
# gfx.hidd/cybergraphics Video Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/GfxDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/GfxDriversDev|Development]]
# IO Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/IODeviceDriversDev|Development]]
# USB Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/USBDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/USBDriversDev|Development]]
# PCI Device Drivers - [[Aros/Developer/PCIDrivers|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/PCIDriversDev|Development]]
# [http://www.libsdl.org/ SDL] [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2013&amp;pid=13333#post_13333 SDL2 coding usage], [https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Aaros-development-team%2Fcontrib%20SDL2&amp;type=code SDL2 commits], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/contrib/commit/c62c3c425c35bac19dadc23be092b0b13a66c76c SDL3 initial commit], []
# [[w:Gallium3D|Gallium 3D]] [http://www.mesa3d.org/ openGL aka Mesa] - [[Aros/Developer/OpenGL|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/OpenGLDev|Development]] [http://www.swiftless.com/opengltuts.html Swfitless]
# A small subset of GTK2 through [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gtk-mui/ MUI-GTK] 
# Cairo 2D Engine - [[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Usage]]/[[Aros/Developer/Cairo|Development]]
# [[Aros/Developer/Scalos|Scalos desktop API and plugin modules]]
# [[Aros/Developer/VHI|VHI video driver]]


====HIDDs====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/HIDDClass|hiddclass.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Graphics|graphics.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/VesaGfx|vesagfx.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/ATI|radeon.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/NVidia|nvidia.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Nouveau|nouveau.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Kbd|kbd.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Mouse|mouse.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/i2c|i2c.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/IRQ|irq.hidd (deprecated)]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCI|pci.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/PCIPC|pcipc.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Serial|serial.hidd]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/HIDD/Thunderbolt|thunderbolt.hidd]]
https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4f02ea691799aff3a01f60cfa5f9182c82fc57a8

HIDD are used for device/peripheral low level hardware support drivers. The HIDD system is split up into a collection of classes with a strict inheritance hierarchy. A HIDD class implements a device driver for a single device or in rare cases a group of devices and provides an interface for other programs and devices to access.
      
In order to maintain portability of interfaces across a wide range of hardware this interface will in general not present the raw interface to the underlying hardware. Instead it will present a generic interface that describes many different hardware implementations. This allows for the best reuse of both interfaces and code.

HIDD API is heavyweight though. You need to open a HIDD library, open oop.library, instantiate an object (even if there's no object); and object calls are more costly compared to plain library calls.


Basically your task is to implement a subclass of hidd.ata.bus for your hardware. just implementing the XXXATA__Hidd_ATABus__xxxxxx methods for the Amiga chipset - and appropriate versions of the interface_xxx.c file(s). pretty much everything in probe.c could be ignored - just write a replacement scan for relevant amiga devices and store whatever info you need in the bus data? only the &quot;SUPPORT_LEGACY&quot; blocks might be related.

You do not need to depend on PCI API. PCI is just a way to discover the hardware on PCs, etc. 
&lt;hidd/pci.h&gt; includes (at some depth) &lt;interface/HW.h&gt;, which defines IID_HW. This comes from the 'generic' HIDD class in: 
 rom/hidds/hidd/hiddclass.conf
did not split up HIDD and HW because they are always used in pair. It's the same as hidd/pci.h bringing definition for: PCI, PCIDriver and PCIDevice. PCI is actually PCIHW, just the name was not changed for backwards compatibility reasons. HW is a 'hub' where HIDD instances plug in.

ATA HIDD aoHidd_ATABus_Use32Bit value is completely ignored unless ata.device first detects correct command line parameter.
Yes. Unfortunately I was unable to find any comment in code or svn history with explanations. Looked  at Linux source, there 32-bit PIO is also controller driver's property. Some of them enable it, some don't.

Actually, switching the default to ON should be safe. ata.device is fail-safe at this because during IDENTIFY command it validates upper 16  bits,  and  if they appear to be zeroes in all 128 longwords, then 32-bit mode is switched off. But, nevertheless, I know how tricky hardware can be, so I decided not to change original behavior. If  you think it's wrong in some cases, then it's possible to add one more  attribute  like  aHidd_ATABus_Default32Bit. If set to YES, then  this means that 32-bit PIO is safe to use by default.


====Devices====

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/ATA|ata.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Console|console.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Narrator|narrator.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Printer|printer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Trackdisk|trackdisk.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/AmberRAM|amberram.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/Timer|timer.device]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices/|.device]]

The Amiga used [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices|Devices]] to communicate with [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=0&amp;topic_id=3475&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC additional hardware]. AROS has replaced these hardware devices with hidd equivalents but some are still retained for backwards compatibility.

Local libraries/devices/handlers,etc. are supposed to override the ones in ROM if their version is higher than the one in ROM.

Here is the list of commands exec default: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| CMD_CLEAR
|  Purge the buffer of the device
|----
| CMD_READ
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_STOP
|  Stopped the activity of the device
|----
| CMD_FLUSH
|  Empty the queue of commands
|----
| CMD_RESET
|  Reset a device
|----
| CMD_WRITE
|  Playback Control
|----
| CMD_INVALID
|  Create an error
|----
| CMD_UPDATE
|  Gets updated device
|----
| CMD_START
|  Will restart the device
|----
|}

While most other &quot;stuff you communicate with&quot; in AmigaOS are devices &lt;ref&gt;AMIGA ROM Kernel Reference Manual: Devices, 3rd Edition. Commodore-Amiga, Inc. Addison-Wesley, 1991. {{ISBN|0-201-56775-X}}&lt;/ref&gt; that share a [http://gega.homelinux.net/AmigaDevDocs/ common base interface]. [[Aros/Developer/Docs/Devices1.3|OS 1.3 Device Drivers]].


====Handlers====

:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Pipe|pipe.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/Port|port.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/SFS|sfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FAT|fat.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/PFS|pfs.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/NTFS|fuse.handler]]
:[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Handlers/FFS|ffs.handler]]

filesystem handlers have their own separate system consisting of completely differently structured messages that dos.library use to pass requests (for things like reading, writing, getting directory contents etc.) to them. AROS originally went with implementing filesystem handlers as devices, which might arguably be more consistent with the rest of the AmigaOS API but which is quite incompatible with AmigaOS itself. However, it made it far harder to port filesystems and the gains were comparatively small, and so there's been a long standing goal of fixing this incompatibility. It has now, June 2011, been reintroduced to all AROS flavors.

are argstr and argsize valid for the handler startup environment?
DOS/RunHandler() calls DOS/CreateNewProcTags(), and then CallEntry() (in rom/dos/exit.c) to start the handler, so yes, argstr and argsize are *present* in the call signature of the handler.

Granted, argstr will be NULL and argsize 0, but those values *are* passed to the handler function using:

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS_UFC3(ULONG, entry,
                         AROS_UFCA(STRPTR, argptr, A0),
                         AROS_UFCA(ULONG, argsize, D0),
                         AROS_UFCA(struct ExecBase *, SysBase, A6));
&lt;/pre&gt;

Creating your own [without the whole build tree http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/temp/radeon.zip] and then  
&lt;pre&gt;
make stub
make
make install
&lt;/pre&gt;

SFS has two Root blocks, one at the start and one at the end of the disk. The Root blocks both contain the same information.  They hold various information about the disk structure and have the locations of some important blocks used by the filesystem.  

The Root ObjectContainer contains the Root directory Object. The name of this Object is the name of the volume. It is identical to a normal directory Object.

The Bitmap is used to keep track of free space. Each bit in a bitmap represents a single block. A set bit indicates a free block and a cleared bit a used block.

AdminSpaceContainers are used to keep track of space which has been reserved for storing administration blocks. Only the Bitmap, the Root blocks and the actual data stored in files aren't stored in administration space. Administration space is allocated in chunks of 32 blocks at a time. A single AdminSpaceContainer can hold information about a large number of such areas each of which has its own little bitmap of 32 bits.

Extents are stored in a B-Tree. The Root block holds a pointer to the root of the Extent B-Tree. Extents keep track of space in use by a specific file. Each fragment a file consists of has its own Extent. Extents are in a double linked list. The list can be used to locate the next or previous fragment of a file.

Below is the standard block header. This header is found before EVERY type of block used in the filesystem, except data blocks.  The id field is used to check if the block is of the correct type when it is being referred to using a BLCK pointer.  The checksum field is the SUM of all LONGs in a block plus one, and then negated. When applying a checksum the checksum field itself should be set to zero. The checking a checksum the checksum is okay if the result of the checksum equals zero. The ownblock BLCK pointer points to the block itself. This field is an extra safety check to ensure we are using a valid block.

Field	Type	Description
id	ULONG	The id field is used to identify the type of block we are dealing with. It is used to make sure that when referencing a block we got a block of the correct type. The id consist of 4 bytes and each blocktype has its own unique foure letter code.
checksum	ULONG	This field contains the sum of all longs in this block, plus one and then negated. The checksum can be used to check if the block hasn't been corrupted in any way.
ownblock	BLCK	Points to itself, or in other words, this field contains the block number of this block. This is yet another way to check whether or not a block is valid.

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBlockHeader {
    ULONG id;
    ULONG checksum;
    BLCK ownblock;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
The algorithm to calculate the checksum of a block:
&lt;pre&gt;
ULONG calcchecksum(struct fsBlockHeader *block, LONG blocksize} {
    ULONG *data=(ULONG *)block;
    ULONG checksum=1;

    block-&gt;checksum=0;

    while(blocksize&gt;0) {
        checksum+=*data++;
        blocksize-=4;
    }

    return(-checksum);
} 
&lt;/pre&gt;

A Root block contains very important information about the structure of a SFS disk. It has information on the location and size of the disk, the blocksize used, locations of various important blocks, version information and some filesystem specific settings.

A SFS disk has two Root blocks; one located at the start of the partition and one at the end. On startup the filesystem will check both Roots to see if it is a valid SFS disk. If either one is missing SFS can still continue (although at the moment it won't).

A Root block could be missing on purpose. For example, if you extend the partition at the end (adding a few MB's) then SFS can detect this with the information stored in the Root block located at the beginning (since only the end-offset has changed).   Same goes for the other way around, as long as you don't change start and end point at the same time.

When a Root block is missing because the partition has been made a bit larger, then SFS will in the future be able to resize itself without re-formatting the disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
version	UWORD	The version of the filesystem block structure. You can check this field to identify what version of the filesystem your dealing with it and to see if you can handle this structure correctly. Don't try to interpret the disk's structure when this field contains an unknown version number!

sequencenumber	UWORD	Used to identify which Root block was written last in case the sequencenumber on both Root blocks don't match.
datecreated	ULONG	Creation date of this volume. This is the date when the disk was last formatted and will never be changed.

bits	UBYTE	Various settings, see below.
&lt;pre&gt;
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved1	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
firstbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the first byte of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
firstbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
lastbyteh	ULONG	High 32-bits of a 64-bit number. This is the last byte (exclusive) of our partition relative to the start of the disk.
lastbyte	ULONG	Low 32-bits of a 64-bit number.
totalblocks	ULONG	The total number of blocks this partition consists of.
blocksize	ULONG	The size of a block of this partition.
reserved2	ULONG[2]	Reserved, leave zero.
reserved3	ULONG[8]	Reserved, leave zero.
bitmapbase	BLCK	Block number of the start of the Bitmap.
adminspacecontainer	BLCK	Block number of the first AdminSpaceContainer.
rootobjectcontainer	BLCK	Block number of the ObjectContainer which contains the root of the disk (this is where the volume name is stored).
extentbnoderoot	BLCK	Block number of the root of the Extent B-Tree.
reserved4	ULONG[4]	Reserved, leave zero.
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsRootBlock {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  UWORD version;
  UWORD sequencenumber;
  ULONG datecreated;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  ULONG reserved1[2];
  ULONG firstbyteh;
  ULONG firstbyte;
  ULONG lastbyteh;
  ULONG lastbyte;
  BLCK  totalblocks;
  ULONG blocksize;
  ULONG reserved2[2];
  ULONG reserved3[8];
  BLCK  bitmapbase;
  BLCK  adminspacecontainer;
  BLCK  rootobjectcontainer;
  BLCK  extentbnoderoot;
  ULONG reserved4[4];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

AdminSpaceContainers are used to store the location and bitmap of each administration space. The AdminSpaceContainers are located in a double linked list and they contain an array of fsAdminSpace structures.  There is one fsAdminSpace structure for every administration space on disk.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
next	BLCK	The next AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous AdminSpaceContainer, or zero if it is the first AdminSpaceContainer.
bits	UBYTE	The number of bits in each in the bits ULONG in the fsAdminSpace structure.
pad1	UBYTE	Reserved, leave zero.
pad2	UWORD	Reserved, leave zero.
adminspace	struct fsAdminSpace	An array of fsAdminSpace structures. The size of the array is determined by the current blocksize.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpaceContainer {
  struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
  BLCK next;
  BLCK previous;
  UBYTE bits;
  UBYTE pad1;
  UWORD pad2;
  struct fsAdminSpace adminspace[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Field	Type	Description
space	BLCK	The first block of an administration space.
bits	ULONG	A small bitmap which is used to determine which blocks in an administration space are already in use. The number of bits in this bitmap is determined by the bits field in the AdminSpaceContainer.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsAdminSpace {
  BLCK  space;
  ULONG bits;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

The fsBitmap structure is used for Bitmap blocks. A bitmap block is used to keep track of which space is in use and which isn't for a particular area of a disk.  All bitmap blocks together keep track of the free space for an entire disk. The location of the first bitmap block is known and all other bitmap blocks are stored in order after the first one.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
bitmap	ULONG	An array of ULONG's.  These hold the actual information on which blocks are in use and which aren't.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBitmap {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    ULONG bitmap[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
Each bit in a bitmap block (except for the block header) represents a single block. If the bit is set than the block is free, and if the bit is clear then it is full. The first ULONG in the bitmap area of the first bitmap block represents blocks 0 through 31 on the disk. Bit 31 of this ULONG is block 0, 30 is block 1, and so on. Bit 0 of the first ULONG represents block 31.

Below is a table to clarify how bitmaps work even further. The first column is the bitmap block number, the second column is the number of the ULONG in the bitmap array. The third column is the bit number in this ULONG, and the last column is the block which this specific bit, in this specific bitmap block represents.

We'll assume here that a bitmap block has room for 120 ULONG's (meaning there is room for storing 32 * 120 bits).

&lt;pre&gt;
Bitmap block	ULONG number	Bit number	Block represented
1 (first)	0	31	0
1	0	30	1
...	...	...	...
1	0	1	30
1	0	0	31
1	1	31	32
...	...	...	...
1	2	31	64
1	2	30	65
...	...	...	...
1	119	0	3839
2	0	31	3840
2	0	30	3841
...	...	...	...
&lt;/pre&gt;
The last bitmap block doesn't need to be completely used. The unused bits (which belong to blocks which do not exist) all have to be clear, to indicate that these blocks are in use.

The fsObjectContainer structure is used to hold a variable number of fsObjects structures (Objects) which have the same parent directory. Each ObjectContainer must contain at least one Object. If there is space in the ObjectContainer not used by the variable number of Objects then that space is zero filled. Objects always start at 2-byte boundaries, which means sometimes a padding byte is inserted between two Objects.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the parent Object, or 0 if this object has no parent (which is only the case for the Root directory).
next	BLCK	The next ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the last in the chain.
previous	BLCK	The previous ObjectContainer belonging to this directory, or zero if it is the first ObjectContainer in this directory.
object	struct fsObject	A variable number of fsObject structures. The number of structures depends on the individual sizes of each fsObject structure and the blocksize. These structures are located directly after each other with at most 1 byte of padding between them to get the structures aligned on a 2 byte boundary.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsObjectContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    BLCK next;
    BLCK previous;
    struct fsObject object[0];
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

fsHashTable is the structure of a HashTable block. It functions much like the hash table found in FFS user directory blocks, except that it is stored in a separate block. This block contains a number of hash-chains (about 120 for a 512 byte block). Each hash-chain is a chain of Nodes. Each Node has a pointer to an Object and a pointer to the next entry in the hash-chain.  Using such a hash-chain you can locate an object quickly by only knowing its name.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
parent	NODE	The node number of the directory Object this HashTable block belongs to.
hashentry	NODE	An array of Nodes. Each Node represents the start of a hash-chain (singly linked). A hash-value is calculated using the name of a file or directory, and this value determines in which chain the Object is linked. If there are no entries in a hash-chain then the hashentry value is zero.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsHashTable {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    NODE parent;
    NODE hashentry[0];
};
&lt;/pre&gt;
To calculate the hash-value using a name of an Object as input use these routines:
&lt;pre&gt;
UWORD calchash(UBYTE *name) {
    UWORD hash=0;
    /* Calculates a hash value over the passed in string.
       The end of the string can be either a NUL byte or a
       slash. The hash function is the same as the one
       used in FastFileSystem set to international mode. */
    while(name[hash]!=0 &amp;&amp; name[hash]!='/') {
        hash++;
    }
    while(*name!=0 &amp;&amp; *name!='/') {
        hash=hash*13+upperchar(*name++);
    }

    return((UWORD)(hash % (UWORD)((blocksize-sizeof(struct fsHashTable))&gt;&gt;2)));
}
UBYTE upperchar(UBYTE c) {
    if((c&gt;=224 &amp;&amp; c&lt;=254 &amp;&amp; c!=247) || (c&gt;='a' &amp;&amp; c&lt;='z')) {
        c-=32;
    }
    return(c);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

The BNodeContainer is used to store B-Trees. Currently only one B-Tree is in use by this filesystem and it is used to store the location of file data. The fsBNodeContainer structure contains two other structures. The fsBlockHeader structure and the BTreeContainer structure.

Field	Type	Description
bheader	struct fsBlockHeader	Standard block header.
btc	struct BTreeContainer	Contains information about the B-Tree and its nodes contained in this block.
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsBNodeContainer {
    struct fsBlockHeader bheader;
    struct BTreeContainer btc;
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


First try and locate the Root block. It should start with &quot;ROOT&quot;.  SFS has two of these, one at the start of the partition and one at the end.  One of the fields contains the block size, which will be the size of all important SFS blocks.

The root block has the root object container, which contains information about files and directories in the root directory.  The object 
containers basically hold one or more smaller structures that represent files and directories.  Scanning them all should give you a list of 
files and directories.

The root block also has the root of the Extent B-Tree.  This is a standard B-Tree structure (not a binary tree) that is used commonly in 
all kinds of system, you can read about how they work on Wikipedia if needed.  The B-Tree holds the information about *where* all the data is 
located for your files.

To recover your files, I'd do this:

* Find one of the root blocks, if not present, then figure out the block size your disk was using, and scan every block in turn to see if it 
looks like an ObjectContainer (check the fsBlockHeader's ID, check if the ownblock number is equal to the block you are currently scanning, 
and check its checksum).  So if you currently have block 12, and you see a block with the correct id, and ownblock = 12 and its checksum is good, 
then that's probably a valid ObjectContainer.

* With all the ObjectContainers found, you can extract filenames and directory names from these, but also the number of their first data 
block (in the field data) and the file size.  For small files (less than blocksize) this data block will be enough to recover the data.
For larger files, you might be lucky and all the remaining blocks are found after the first one (if the file was defragmented).  You can't be
sure of that though so...

* For larger files, you need to find all the BNodeContainers.  You could scan these in the same way you found all the ObjectContainers (look for 
blocks with the correct id, ownblock number and checksum). 

* With all the BNodeContainers found, you can try looking up the first data block of a file in the B-Tree structure.  This is a bit complicated 
-- the B-Tree consists of non-leaf nodes (blocks that only contain pointers to other B-Tree blocks), the isLeaf flag indicates this.  Or it 
can be a B-Tree leaf block.  The leaf blocks contain extra information per entry (see https://hjohn.home.xs4all.nl/SFS/extents.htm)
&lt;pre&gt;
struct fsExtentBNode {
     ULONG key;
     ULONG next;
     ULONG prev;
     UWORD blocks;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

The key should be a block of a file (the first of a range), that is 1 to 65535 block long (depending the &quot;blocks&quot; field).  If the file is split 
up into more parts, then &quot;next&quot; will contain block number of the next range of blocks.  You need to look this up again in the B-Tree 
structure to find out how large it is. 

You can for the most part ignore the other structures (bitmap, admin containers).  The fsObjects and B-tree containers is what you'll need to 
recover the data. 


====Resources====

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/mmakefile.src 
rom/storage/storage.conf 
rom/storage/storage_device.c 
rom/storage/storage_ids.c 
rom/storage/storage_init.c 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
rom/storage/storage_mount.c 
rom/storage/storage_unit.c
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
rom/storage/includes/device.h 
rom/storage/includes/unit.h 
rom/storage/includes/volume.h 
rom/storage/storage_intern.h 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;

&lt;/pre&gt;

*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/ACPI|acpi.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Battclock|battclock.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Bootloader|bootloader.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Cia|cia.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Filesystem|FileSystem.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Hostlib|hostlib.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Kernel|kernel.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Misc|misc.resource]]
*[[Aros/Developer/Docs/Resources/Processor|processor.resource]]


==Debugging Code==

Please use the [http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=43586&amp;atid=439463 AROS Bug Tracker] if any issues are found.


GRUB Command line list

&lt;pre&gt;
sysdebug  
usbdebug - allows to see Poseidon's log in debug output
&lt;/pre&gt;


How do I get debugging out of InitResident ? If running i386 hosted on linux sysdebug=initresident on command line.
This  way  you can enable any of listed flags. sysdebug=all stands for &quot;everything&quot;


Have an executable (crosscompiled C++ code) which has 6 MB size on disk, but after loading it in memory, 250 MB RAM is taken. Any software that would split AROS executable into ELF part which would show actual size values?

 readelf -S executable

it will show you all sections in elf file, including sizes and requested alignment.

 objdump -h filename

That's will give you a quick overview of the sections and sizes. Ignore all the .debug.* sections. 
Would hazard a guess that you have a large .bss section. That's pretty common in C++.

Next step:

 nm—size-sort filename | grep ' [bB] '

The last few will be your biggest consumers. Would suggest -C to demangle the symbols... ;)


Suggest profiling the program (just use some printf's in the main loop for time spent in each part), it usually is quite easy to spot slow parts in games or apps.

If someone has '#define IPTR ULONG' somewhere. To see where that define is, redefine IPTR in the source code that fails, just above the line that fails, and the preprocessor will tell you where it was defined first.

===How to setup gdb with AROS/hosted===

Download AROS sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2, where xxxxxxxx is the current date) and AROS contrib sources (AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source) from 

Untar-bzip2 and cd to the unpacked archive directory.

 &gt; tar -xvjf AROS-xxxxxxxx-source.tar.bz2
 &gt; cd AROS-xxxxxxxx-source

Check the link to &quot;contrib&quot; (contrib-source) inside directory, e.g. correct like this:

 &gt; rm contrib
 &gt; ln -s ../AROS-xxxxxxxx-contrib-source.tar.bz2 contrib

Make sure you have the correct locale setting, otherwise compilation will fail at some point. See [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#setting-the-locale-to-iso8859 here] (or link below) for more on that. You might have to enter this:

 &gt; export LANG=&quot;en_US.ISO-8859-1&quot;

Now configure for a debug build - see &quot;./configure --help&quot; for more - here are two examples:

 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=stack,modules,symbols
 
 &gt; ./configure—enable-debug=all

You may &quot;make&quot; now, or choose a separate directory for your build (e.g. for easy removal), for example if compiling for i386 architecture you could create a directory like this:

 &gt; mkdir linux-i386
 &gt; cd linux-i386
 &gt; ../AROS/configure—enable-debug=stack,symbols,modules

When done configuring you're ready to go:

 &gt; make

Building AROS takes some time - minutes on fast machines (e.g. 2.5&amp;nbsp;GHz quadcore), up to hours on slower machines.
The result will be AROS Linux hosted with gdb debugging enabled.

See aros.org documentation for more on compiling AROS, including more [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php --enable-debug] options.


When finished, enter bin/linux-i386/AROS directory (replace &quot;linux-i386&quot; with your compilation target platform, e.g. linux-x86_64, etc.) inside the unpacked archive directory. This directory contains the required .gdbinit file for properly running AROS inside gdb.

 &gt; cd bin/linux-i386/AROS

Run AROS (here: with 128MB of memory) from gdb:

 &gt; gdb—args boot/aros-unix -m 128
or
 &gt; gdb—args boot/arosboot -m 128

 (gdb) r

Watch the shell output - in case AROS complains about &quot;LoadKeyCode2RawKeyTable: Loading &quot;DEVS:Keymaps/X11/keycode2rawkey.table&quot; failed!&quot; you should also see some instructions on how to create a keymap table. (see link above &quot;more on compiling&quot;, too.)
Quit gdb, and try default keymap table:

 (gdb) q
 The program is running.  Quit anyway (and kill it)? (y or n) y
 &gt; cd ../../..
 &gt; make default-x11keymaptable

Re-run AROS, as described above. Try e.g. RAros (= right windows key) + W to open a shell. If this doesn't work you have to create a keymap table yourself, quit gdb again, and make a new keytable:

 &gt; make change-x11keymaptable

A window will open. Watch the window's title bar, and follow the instructions.

When done, re-run AROS. RAros + W should now open a shell.

Next, compile your program with gdb support.


When you start GDB is there a warning which says

   warning: File &quot;&lt;whatever&gt;/.gdbinit&quot; auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to ...

If so start gdb with &quot;-ix .gdbinit&quot;


&lt;pre&gt;
Summary - In short:

* build AROS with debugging support (i.e. ./configure --enable-debug=all)
* build your application with debugging support (i.e. option -g)
* run AROS in the GNU debugger (you may use the GUI frontend &quot;ddd&quot; which simplifies usage a bit)
* start your application
* use the commands &quot;findaddr&quot; and &quot;add-symbol-file&quot; as written in the debugging manual
* if the debugger doesn't find the source code of your application use the &quot;dir&quot; command of the debugger. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

===How to use gdb===

In AROS open a shell, then (in host shell) use CTRL-Z to go into gdb. Use &quot;b Exec_CreatePool&quot; (one of the functions used early on by startup code in programs) to add a breakpoint, then &quot;cont&quot; and gdb will interrupt somewhere early during startup of &quot;program&quot;. Use &quot;bt&quot; to show backtrace and &quot;loadseg&quot; for &quot;??&quot; entries. One of them will be for &quot;program&quot;. After that you can use &quot;disassemble program&quot;.

One thing you need to make sure is that .gdbinit you have in your build directory is the same as in source tree. It has been modified some time ago, but the build system does not refresh it - you need to copy it manually

To recap, please read our debugging [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/debugging.php manual]:


To detect segfaulting when loading, try...

 ./configure—enable-debug—with-optimization=&quot;-O2&quot;

Because crash or no crash may depend on optimization. For newer compilers maybe this helps...

 --with-optimization=-&quot;-O2 -fno-strict-aliasing&quot;

One way to make crashes less random (more easily reproducible) is to activate the munging of free memory in rom/exec/freemem.c which is normally commented out:

&lt;pre&gt;
Index: freemem.c
===================================================================
--- freemem.c   (revision 34289)
+++ freemem.c   (working copy)
@@ -154,11 +154,12 @@
         * created with their TCB placed in the tc_MemEntry list. The workaround
         * is to avoid munging when FreeMem() is called with task switching disabled.
         */
+
        /* DOH! it doesn't work even this way. What's wrong???
-        *
-        * if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
-        *      MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);
         */
+
+       if ((SysBase-&gt;TDNestCnt &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (SysBase-&gt;IDNestCnt &lt; 0))
+           MUNGE_BLOCK(memoryBlock, MEMFILL_FREE, byteSize);

     }
&lt;/pre&gt;

Mungwall can be turned on at runtime. Currently this works in all hosted versions. Just specify &quot;mungwall&quot; on kernel command line and it works. It can work on native too. In order to enable it you need to parse kernel command line, and if &quot;mungwall&quot; is present, set EXECF_MungWall bit in IntExecBase.IntFlags.

This needs to be done before the first AllocMem() for obvious reasons. And never reset back this flag! If you change it on a working system, you are doomed.

Hosted ports do the processing in rom/exec/prepareexecbase.c --enable-debug=mungwall option in configure still works but is going obsolete.  A kludge in rom/exec/allocmem.c is responsible for this and it needs to be removed when the transition is done.

BTW,  on  i386-pc  port it can be activated by &quot;mungwall&quot; argument on command line, you don't need to rebuild AROS.
New mungwall affects not only AllocMem()/FreeMem(), but also pools. I also tested it with AllocAbs(), seems to work correctly.

Runtime mungwall works on:

* pc-i386
* pc-x86_64
* linux-i386
* linux-x86_64
* darwin-x86
* linux-ppc

Works on all hosted ports, if the port itself is working.

* amiga-m68k
* Not on sam440-ppc and efika-chrp-ppc, even if they would be able to be built at moment. Does not work on (for now, need NVRAM support)

When starting my freshly rebuilt i386-linux-aros which was compiled with full debugging support I get sometimes the error &quot;Program exited with code 0377&quot;. Add the following to your .gdbinit: 
 set follow-fork-mode child

Here are some of the custom AROS gdb functions (defined in &quot;.gdbinit&quot; file) to resolve &quot;in ?? ()&quot; entries in backtrace: 
&lt;pre&gt;
#0 0xb7ffd424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1 0xb7e2a657 in sigsuspend () from /lib/libc.so.6
#2 0xb7c63900 in ?? ()
#3 0xb7c640e3 in ?? ()
#4 0xb7c641e0 in ?? ()
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can use

 loadseg 0xb7c63900
 loadframe 2
or
 loadbt
and some others. Use &quot;help &quot; for a little help text. If the commands do not work try &quot;loadkick&quot; first.


Use &quot;thistask&quot;, &quot;taskready&quot;, &quot;taskwait&quot; to get list of AROS tasks. &quot;bttask &quot; shows backtrace of a task which is in ready or in wait queue and &quot;loadseg&quot; to resolve &quot;??&quot; entries in it's backtrace (&quot;loadframe&quot; would not work as it assume current running task).

===Native debugging tools for AROS===

 to enable debugging at boot time entering the GRUB menu editing line (E key) and adding &quot;debug=memory&quot; to your boot line, then press Ctrl+X to complete booting.


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Bifteck'''

Open a shell and enter the line below to run Biftek and grab the debug messages collected in RAM into a text file.

 tools/debug/bifteck &gt; ram:debug.txt

and certainly does not open a window. It is a shell tool and only dumps data located from the debug location.
It is therefore important to 'catch' that debug data as soon as possible (before it gets overridden). You should invoke bifteck at the first opportunity before doing anything else.  You can use the TO option to store bifteck output to a file or you can pipe it manually to a file.  


SYS:Tools/Debug/'''Sashimi''' - displays error messages

One suggestion is to do a bug() debugging. Each time bug() is executed it will be output on sashimi. 
You include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt; and place bug(&quot;something\n&quot;); in your source code at location though which control passes.

To get the output - open an aros shell

 SYS:Tools/Debug/sashimi &gt; RAM:out.txt

'''Ctrl C''' to end the output to the RAM Disk.

# open shell, and type
# ram: (to switch to ram drive)
# System:Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; mylogfile.txt
# open AHI prefs using wanderer (or use another opened shell)
# play test sound
# close AHI prefs
# shell still open with Sashimi running: press ctrl-c to break Sashimi and return to prompt.
# in shell: copy mylogfile.txt System: (or to your required location)


SYS:Utilities/'''Snoopy''' - monitors OS function calls, run &quot;Sashimi&quot; to see Snoopy's output


SYS:Tools/'''WiMP'''    - the Window (and Screens) Manipulation Program

You can use the -E option of gcc to find out how preprocessor macros are expanded.

===Errors===

crash in strcasecmp usually means that one of its arguments is NULL.

empty space between these two names, prossibly some invisible character 

Old Amiga [http://www.amigacoding.com/index.php?title=Guru_codes&amp;redirect=no Guru Codes]

If the crash is in intuition. Sometimes, if it relates to text, a null pointer sets it off. 
an uninitialised pointer can have any address (this is a common fault).


Compiling on 64bit, Many old code would not properly typecast when doing pointer-integer conversions and thus at least throw a warning. This can easily be located and fixed.

[http://www.aros.org/cs/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php Portable code] 

* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.
* Fix (change IPTR/SIPTR back to ULONG/LONG) the few places which really rely on ULONG/LONG being exactly 32 bit. That's for things like pixel (ARGB) buffers, structs written/read to disk, colormaps, but probably not much else.

Then again, many current compilers also throw a warning when you try to assign a pointer value to an integer and the integer is possibly too small. This happens under .NET for example when a 64 bit pointer is assigned to something like an ULONG - so exactly the case which you described.


=== AI ===
                  Multimodal
                   Context
                   Prompt
                    &lt;---
  Model &lt;---&gt; Agent ---&gt; End user
 engine 

 Gemini      LMStudio
  Qwen       Comfyui
   etc

Recent, self hosting locally on laptops, mini pcs or desktops with '''quantization''' 4bit has reduced memory requirements but still require 16Gb+ and no high end gpu for text based 

*[https://lmstudio.ai/download LMstudio single gpu],

Google Gemma 4 Model 
*[ 12B QAT] 


Alibaba Cloud's [https://huggingface.co/ Qwen] team series of large language models LLMs 
*[https://huggingface.co/models?other=qwen3 Qwen 3], [], 
*[https://huggingface.co/models?other=qwen2 Qwen 2], [https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-32B qwen 2.5 Coder],  


Small models 
*[ glm-ocr]
*[ medGemma]
*[ qwen 3.5-4b]
*[https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw picoclaw claude] 


Bigger LLMs but with settings 
*[https://ollama.com/download Ollama single gpu]
*[https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases llama.CPP multi gpus],
*[ VLM multiple gpus],
Multimedia 
*[ Kimi K3], 


For the full experience 
#Training learning using 1+ high end GPUs at least 16GB VRAM per GPU card or 64Gb+ of unified, 16Core CPU with at least 64Gb of RAM system memory, though training can take weeks 
#Inference with custom asics or GPUs 

*[ MiniMax H3] for audio and video but gpu 8Gb+ 
*[https://github.com/jamiepine/voicebox voicebox]
*[https://github.com/ideogram-oss/ideogram4 ideogram4]
*[https://github.com/calesthio/OpenMontage OpenMontage]

&lt;pre&gt;
Text to Audio --\
Text to Video --/ Reference Video --&gt; Video and Audio output 
&lt;/pre&gt;

=== Example ===

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
/* 1. Header for your name,date,purpose of program.
2. Pre-processor directives. This will include the #includes for files you want to add. 
3. Includes for function prototypes if necessary.
4. Main()
Create Pointers for Libraries and any Window you want to open.
5. Open necessary libraries.
6. Check if open exit program if fail.
7. Open a window exit program if fail.
8. Add your program
9. Close Window
10 Close Libraries.
11 End Program. */

/* standard os included headers &lt;.h&gt; */
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosasl.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dosextens.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/exall.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/rdargs.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/memory.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/types.h&gt;
#include &lt;utility/utility.h&gt;
#include &lt;intuition/intuition.h&gt;

/* define as unresolved external references (proto/xxx.h) and compiler will link to auto(matically) open library */ 
#include &lt;proto/arossupport.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/dos.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/intuition.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/graphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/cybergraphics.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/datatypes.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;workbench/workbench.h&gt;
#include &lt;workbench/icon.h&gt;

#include &lt;datatypes/pictureclass.h&gt;

#include &lt;proto/muimaster.h&gt;
#include &lt;libraries/mui.h&gt;

#include proto/bsdsocket.h

#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;string.h&gt;

/* my own headers &quot;.h&quot; */

#define CTRL_C      (SetSignal(0L,0L) &amp; SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C)
#define  isDir(fib) ((fib)-&gt;fib_DirEntryType &gt;= 0)

#define ARG_TEMPLATE    &quot;FILE/A,ALL/S,QUIET/S,W=WIDTH/N,H=HEIGHT/N,M=METHOD,DEFTOOL&quot;

int main(void)
{


	return retval;
} /* main */
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you used c++, there is not yet c++ support in our shared library system. 
The easiest way to create / compile a shared library would be to use the AROS build system but the libraries can be created manually. You have to create a ROMTAG structure and some header files.  

A shared library is built with the %build_module macro with a line like this:

 %build_module mmake=MetaTarget modname=mylib modtype=library files=SourceFiles 

This macro can build different AROS module types, like devices, Zune classes, HIDDs, etc.

&lt;pre&gt;
##begin config
version 1.0
##end config

##begin functionlist
void func1(LONG a, LONG b)
int func2(char *s, ULONG a)
##end functionlist
&lt;/pre&gt;


Alternatively,  

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifndef LIB_H
#define LIB_H

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/semaphores.h&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dos.h&gt;

#ifdef __AROS__
//#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#define reg(x)
#define __saveds
#endif

#define USESYSBASE struct ExecBase *SysBase = Base-&gt;My_SysBase;

struct MyTestBase
{
  struct Library   My_Test_Lib;
	struct ExecBase *My_SysBase;
	APTR             My_SegList;
  int              testint;
};

#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Resident header written for mytest.library */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

#define __NOLIBBASE__

#define VERSION         1
#define REVISION        0

#define LIBHEADNAME     mytest
#define LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;mytest&quot;
#define COMPDATE        &quot;04.10.2015&quot;
#define VERS            &quot;1.0&quot;

#define LIBBASETYPE 	struct MyTestBase
#define LIBBASETYPEPTR  LIBBASETYPE *

#include &lt;aros/debug.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;proto/exec.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/resident.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/nodes.h&gt;
#include &lt;exec/libraries.h&gt;
#include &lt;aros/symbolsets.h&gt;
#include &quot;lib.h&quot;

const UBYTE lib_name[] = LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library&quot;;

const UBYTE lib_id[] = &quot;$VER: &quot; LIBHEADNAMESTR &quot;.library &quot; VERS &quot; (&quot; COMPDATE &quot;) by ALB42\n&quot;;

extern const APTR FuncTable[];

AROS_UFP3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFPA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFPA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFPA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
);

static struct LibInitStruct
{
    IPTR                   LibSize;
    const APTR             *FuncTable;
    const struct DataTable *DataTable;
    APTR                    InitFunc;
}
const LibInitStruct =
{
    sizeof(LIBBASETYPE),
    FuncTable,
    NULL,
    (APTR)InitLib
};

const struct Resident romtag =
{
  RTC_MATCHWORD,              /* match word */
  (APTR)&amp;romtag,              /* back pointer */
  (APTR)(&amp;romtag + 1),        /* skip pointer */
  RTF_AUTOINIT | RTF_EXTENDED,/* flags */
  VERSION,                    /* version */
  NT_LIBRARY,                 /* type of module */
  0,                          /* init priority */
  (STRPTR)lib_name,           /* module name */
  (STRPTR)lib_id + 6,
  (APTR)&amp;LibInitStruct,
  REVISION, NULL
};

AROS_UFH3 (LIBBASETYPEPTR, InitLib,
    AROS_UFHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    AROS_UFHA(BPTR, seglist, A0),
    AROS_UFHA(struct ExecBase *, sysbase, A6)
    )
{
    AROS_USERFUNC_INIT
    
    Base-&gt;My_SegList = seglist;
    Base-&gt;My_SysBase = (APTR)sysbase;
    Base-&gt;testint = 0;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;InitLib\n&quot;);
    
    if (!set_open_libraries())
    {
      set_close_libraries();
      return NULL;
    }
    
    return Base;
    
    AROS_USERFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibOpen,
    AROS_LHA (ULONG, version, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 1, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibOpen\n&quot;);

    (void)version;
    
    Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt++;
    return Base;

    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
    
}

__saveds APTR LibExpungeInternal(LIBBASETYPE *Base reg(a6))
{
  USESYSBASE
  APTR seglist;
  bug(&quot;LibExpungeInternal\n&quot;);

  if (Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt)
  {
    return 0;
  }

  seglist = Base-&gt;My_SegList;

  Forbid();
  Remove((struct Node*)Base);
  Permit();
  FreeMem((APTR)Base - Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize, (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_PosSize +
    (LONG)Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_NegSize);
  
  set_close_libraries();
  return seglist;
}

AROS_LH0(BPTR, LibClose,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 2, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibClose\n&quot;);

    if (!(--Base-&gt;My_Test_Lib.lib_OpenCnt))
    {
      return LibExpungeInternal(Base);          
    }
    return 0;
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH1(BPTR, LibExpunge,
    AROS_LHA(LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, D0),
    struct ExecBase *, sysBase, 3, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT

    (void)sysBase;
    
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibExpunge\n&quot;);

    return LibExpungeInternal(Base);
	
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

AROS_LH0(LIBBASETYPEPTR, LibReserved,
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 4, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;LibReserved\n&quot;);

    return 0;
    //return (APTR)LibReserved();
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}


// Space for your own functions
// do not forget to update the FuncTable as well

AROS_LH1(int, TestFunction,
    AROS_LHA(int, TestValue, D0),
    LIBBASETYPEPTR, Base, 5, LIBHEADNAME
    )
{
    AROS_LIBFUNC_INIT
    USESYSBASE
    bug(&quot;TestFunction\n&quot;);

    Base-&gt;testint = TestValue + Base-&gt;testint;
    
    return Base-&gt;testint;
    
    AROS_LIBFUNC_EXIT
}

// Functable -&gt; Table of all functions in the Library, in right order - important!

const APTR FuncTable[] = 
{
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibOpen,LIBHEADNAME,1),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibClose,LIBHEADNAME,2),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibExpunge,LIBHEADNAME,3),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(LibReserved,LIBHEADNAME,4),
    &amp;AROS_SLIB_ENTRY(TestFunction,LIBHEADNAME,5),
    (void *)-1
};

// AutoInit stuff
void *__PROGRAM_ENTRIES__symbol_set_handler_missing;
void *__LIBS__symbol_set_handler_missing;
// end of AutoInitStuff
&lt;/pre&gt;

Makefile
&lt;pre&gt;
VPATH = 
CFLAGS = -O2 -g -fomit-frame-pointer -W -Wall -Wno-parentheses
CC = i386-aros-gcc
LD = i386-aros-gcc
LDFLAGS = -nostartfiles -Wl,-Map -Xlinker linkermap
LIBS = -lautoinit -llibinit
STRIP = i386-aros-strip --strip-unneeded --remove-section .comment

OBJS = lib_header.o 

all: mytest.library

mytest.library: $(OBJS)
	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS) -o $@

lib_header.o: lib_header.c lib.h

clean:
	rm -f *.o *.library *.ppu testlibrary linkermap
&lt;/pre&gt;


Porting UNIX library to AROS - dealing with static variables which would make it easy to port such libraries to AROS, keeping the benefits of sharing them on disk, but losing the benefit of actually sharing them in memory.

Our problem arises by the fact we want to share the actual code (the .text section of the library) and constant data, but we need to have per-task .bss and .data sections. If we get rid of our intention to share the .text and .rodata sections, things get quite easy: just load and relocate the library whenever it's open, by whoever it's open. It's like statically linking the library into the executable, except that the final linking is done at runtime.

In the V0 branch, in workbench/hidds/hidd.nouveau was committed pcimock.hidd. This is a pci driver that allows mocking real PCI devices under linux-hosted. The main idea is to be able to run the real hardware driver under linux-hosted with as little changes as possible (some changes will always be needed though unless someone wants to write complete device simulator) so that driver's code paths can be executed and debugged using gdb. This was a very helpful capability when porting nouveau. Now it is externalized from nouveau.hidd and can be used by other people porting drivers. The pcimock.hidd can currently mock 4 different nvidia cards, 1 AGP bridge and also mock irq.hidd.

What's the difference between this driver and the pcilinux.hidd? I used that one to develop many different HW drivers for aros. As far as I understood the intention of pcilinux.hidd it is supposed to get access to real hardware that is running under linux. The pcimock.hidd goal is to mock the hardware. For example my dev box is a PCIE system, but I still would like to run the AGP codes paths in nouveau under linux-hosted to check if they don't seg fault. The other case would be to run codes paths for hardware that the developer does not have (Fermi cards in my case). In the case of pcimock.hidd, the AROS driver's code paths will execute as long as you add proper mocking (for example fill in PCI config area or values for registers in BARs). This is an advantage for ported drivers - the code should already work (since it worked on another system) but there might have been mistakes made during porting which can be detected easily with gdb.

In case you are writing your driver from scratch, pcilinux.hidd hidd will give you more advantage, since you can actually access the real hardware from linux-hosted.


== Misc ==

===APL, MPL, BSD, GPL and LGPL Licences===

The majority of AROS sources in licensed under AROS Public License ([http://aros.sourceforge.net/license.html APL]) which (to a degree) protects us from someone taking AROS sources and not contributing improvements back (for example MorphOS took some AROS source and then contributed changes back)

It is written to allow the use of AROS code in other open source or commercial projects without exception whilst providing a mechanism so that improvements/additions can find their way back to the original source in one form or another.

There are &quot;3rd&quot; party applications used by AROS that do not fall under this license, which are an extra &quot;Contrib&quot; download for convenience.

Anyone can port GPL-ed network and sound drivers as AROSTCP and AHI are GPLed. Direct using (porting) [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#GPLIncompatibleLibs GPL]-ed code in other parts of AROS (gfx, sata, usb) is not possible because AROS license is not compatible with GPL. You need to utilize permissive licensed code like BSD or MIT/X11.


BSD and MPL license are the closest to APL.

APL however is not so compatible with LGPL/GPL.

LGPL case - you cannot statically combine APL code with LGPL. You can, however thank to LGPL being &quot;lesser&quot; restrictive, use LGPL dynamically loaded libraries in APL codes.

GPL case - you cannot combine APL code with GPL in any way if there is no explicit clause by GPLed code authors allowing that. If you do combine APL with GPL in &quot;bad&quot; ways described above - you have a problem (you violate GPL). This problem might result in everything in AROS becoming GPL or everything running or AROS becoming GPL (here I'm not sure really). The other scenario is that you are not allowed to legally distribute such code at all. To be honest I have grasped how to violate GPL, but I'm still no exactly sure what happens when you violate it (but I'm sure it's not anything nice)

GPL software can run on top of non-GPL &quot;system components&quot; (see system components exception of GPL), but the other way around (non-GPL using GPL) leads to problems. This means applications like scout, or Quake III are ok (in the majority of cases).

Theres no reason GPL drivers cannot be ported - but they cant be in AROS's ROM (requires linking APL code with GPL), nor can AROS depend on them (e.g. they must use existing apis).
If they are launched (dynamically linked) by a user action that is allowed. It is also allowed to distribute such binaries together for convenience.

GPL is not about statical or dynamic linking but is about executing process and function calls.


These components - SFS, isapnp, Zune texteditor, AHi, network drivers, freetype, openuirl, BHFormat, Edit and (&quot; dynamically loaded libraries&quot;) are LGPL, not GPL. Mesa/Nouveau stuff is MIT. Some user tools are GPL though.

'''AROS (system)'''
* system components (libraries/classes/devices/etc) cannot be GPL as they would propagate GPL to complete system as well as GPL is not compatible with MPL from which APL is based 
* system components can be LGPL v2 or a permissive license (MIT/BSD)
* system applications can be anything you like (but still I would prefer APL or permissive so the code can be reused if needed)

'''Contrib:'''
* no rules - contrib does not impact AROS system since nothing in AROS system depends on contrib.

About stealing code: The chances of this happening is exactly the same whether we are APL or GPL. If any closed-source option wanted to do it, there is no one that can validate otherwise. MorphOS has used some AROS codes, but contributed changes back.

The rationale behind APL is that while it guarantees that the original developer will get the improvements back (to a certain degree - file based), the person who uses the codes does not have to open his original codes. BSD does not guarantee that the original developer gets improvements. GPL requires the person using the codes to open his codes as well.

The copyright holders needs to stay - we just need information from them that the codes are available under APL (for example a checked-in file like in case of Poseidon). We don't do transfer of copyrights.

; Ultimately what can and cannot be done is up to the author(s) - not the licence.

===AROS source code tree===

* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-trunk.txt
* http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt


Found this interesting (non-GPL) licensing 'anomaly' - to keep in mind for distributors.

Programs that lose their license if sold (&quot;non-profit only&quot; licensed):
  contrib/aminet/comm/term/TinyTerminal
  contrib/aminet/dev/basic/bwBASIC
  contrib/aminet/text/edit/xdme
  contrib/fish/aroach
  contrib/fish/lotto
  contrib/fish/shuffle
  contrib/fish/touch
  + cdvdfs.


Here is a list of all the GPL/GPLv2/GPLv3 licenses fossology found, what have explicit licenses in their comments.


 excluded LGPL, BSD/GPL dual licensed and programs (such as Prefs/Edit and BHFormat)

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS/rom/dbus/include/  AFL_v2.1 ,GPL_v2+  (supposedly AFL &lt; 3 is GPL incompatible) 
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/betterstring/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/zune/texteditor/include/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/gemimage/ GPL_v2+ GPL
AROS/workbench/classes/datatypes/degas/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/libs/openurl/README: GPL
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/documentation/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/smbfs/source_code/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/kern/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/mmakefile.src conf.h  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/sys/  CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/net/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/api/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/bsdsocket/conf/conf.h: GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/network/stacks/AROSTCP/netinclude/net/radix.h: CMU ,GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/ GPL_v2+  AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AddAudioModes/COPYING: GPL 
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Docs/texinfo.tex: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/COPYING: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/Drivers/EMU10kx/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/AHI/AHI-Handler/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8029/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/pcnet32/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/ppp/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/atheros5000/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rhine/  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/nForce/  GPL_v2+  GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/prism2/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/fec/LEGAL: GPL
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8139/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/etherlink3/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/intelpro100/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8169/  GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/emac/   GPL   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/rtl8168/  GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/realtek8180/   GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/via-rhine.c: GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/via-rhine/   GPL  GPL_v2+
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/e1000/  GPL_v2
AROS/workbench/devs/networks/sis900/  GPL   GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

AHI: it has special provisions (COPYING.DRIVERS). The library is LGPL, preferences software is GPL and drivers can be anything without breaking GPL/LGPL.

Network stack: well, we are long overdue for a new, IPv6 enabled network stack anyway, anyone interested? ;) Seriously though it seems like the glue code is GPL and as all the drivers. However some of the drivers are our own code, so they could be relicensed to LGPL.

 Same filter as the AROS trunk list. These should all be libraries or plugins - no programs.

&lt;pre&gt;
contrib/regina/utsname.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/nlist/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/MUI/BWin_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/include/BWin_private_mcc.h: GPL
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/COPYING: GPL_v2
contrib/mui/classes/BWins/MCC_BWins.readme: GPL_v2

contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/default-align.h: GPL_v2+
contrib/mui/classes/thebar/include/amiga-align.h: GPL_v2+

contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/LEGAL: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D.readme: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/soft3d_opengl.c: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.h: GPL
contrib/gfx/libs/wazp3d/Wazp3D-src/Wazp3D.c: GPL

contrib/libs/mpega/  GPL_v2+
&lt;/pre&gt;

http://www.evillabs.net/AROS/Audit-2012-03-14/AROS-contrib.txt

===Types===

On AROS following rules apply:
&lt;pre&gt; 
1. BYTE/UBYTE is 8bit, WORD/UWORD is 16bit, LONG/ULONG is 32bit, QUAD/UQUAD is 64bit, the types are comparable with stdint types (int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t)
2. IPTR/SIPTR are integer types large enough to fit pointer, that is sizeof(IPTR) = sizeof(APTR) = 4 on 32bit system, and = 8 on 64bit system
3. ti_Data in TagList is large enough to hold a IPTR/APTR type.
4. never store a pointer in integer of type LONG. It may work (if the pointer has upper 32bits clear), but does not have to. Compiler should warn you about that.
5. If you are unsure about point 4, allocate your memory with MEMF_31BIT flag set. But don't expect that AROS internals will do the same.
&lt;/pre&gt; 
point 4 is actually important.


* UBYTE/BYTE for 8bit
* UWORD/WORD for 16bit
* ULONG/LONG for 32bit
* UQUAD/QUAD for 64bit

&lt;pre&gt;
UBYTE    Unsigned 8 bit integer variable (byte).
BYTE     Signed 8 bit integer variable (byte).
UWORD    Unsigned 16 bit integer variable (word).
WORD     Signed 16 bit integer variable (word).
ULONG    Unsigned 32 bit integer variable (longword).
LONG     Signed 32 bit integer variable (longword).
FLOAT    32 bit IEEE floating point variable.
UQUAD    Unsigned 64 bit integer variable.
QUAD     Signed 64 bit integer variable.
DOUBLE   64bit IEEE floating point variable.
BOOL     Boolean variable, TRUE and FALSE are also defined in exec/types.h.
VOID     Void.

APTR     A generic pointer for multiple purposes - Arrays.
STRPTR   A pointer to a null-terminated string.
IPTR     Really important in AROS, the only way to declare a field that can contain both: an integer or a pointer.
&lt;/pre&gt;

if you want to write really portable app, you may be interested in standard datatypes defined in C99: int8_t, uint8_t, int16_t, uint16_t, int32_t, uint32_t, int64_t, uint64_t, intptr_t, uintptr_t. They are all defined in inttypes.h include file.

In exec/types.h the following short-cuts are typedef'd. They are used often in AROS, so you should nearly always include exec/types.h and soon only they will be removed from sys/_types.h include, all types are now defined in include files named aros/types/xxx.h.

(Preparation for C library split; sys/xxx.h include will only be available there when compiling with POSIX C library)


Compiler specific types, like int and long might change their size. In case of AROS, similar to linux, int remains 32 bit whereas long grows to 64 bits in size.

If you use Amiga-like data types, i.e. BYTE/UBYTE, WORD/UWORD, LONG/ULONG and QUAD/UQUAD or the C99 standard types (uint8_t and so on, see stdint.h include) then you should have less issues to solve than by using types without size guarantee.

Of course, all pointers grow to 64 bytes using 64bit cpu. Most of the code can be just recompiled and will work. In rare cases, where e.g. pointers are casted to integers, a special care must be taken. Especially in the cases, where pointer is casted to LONG/ULONG (this code will break on 64 bit AROS) e.g.  '#define IPTR ULONG'.

With compiler delint patches which the majority of them are simple casting issues to make the compiler happy. Notice some of the changes involve introducing double casts. In very recent versions of GCC. Yes, the bulk of the double casts are for converting 32 bit addresses (ie from a 32 bit PCI DMA address register) to a 64 bit pointer. First cast is to IPTR (to expand to 64 bits, and prevent sign extension if the address is above 0x7FFFFFFF), and then to APTR.

ULONG != IPTR except on 32bit .. so if you need to store pointers make sure and use IPTR and not ULONG (which some old code does). For this reason things like Taglist elements are 64bit (since the tag data can be a pointer). 
If your passing items on the stack you should use the STACKED attribute to make sure they are correctly aligned (on 64bit all items on the stack are 64bit..)

There is more issues like using &quot;== 0L&quot; causes problems.

===Endian===

*BE 
*LE

Use the macros from &lt;endian.h&gt; instead making a guess based upon architecture defines
 
&lt;pre&gt;
#if _BYTE_ORDER == _BIG_ENDIAN

#elif _BYTE_ORDER == _LITTLE_ENDIAN

#else
+
#error &lt;whatever.h&gt; - Byte order for this architecture is unsupported! 
&lt;/pre&gt;


===SVN and GIT===

If you want to help develop AROS OS itself, you can 

* view current GIT/SVN entries [http://aros.sourceforge.net/ Aros Org website] or [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS Github], [https://github.com/ezrec older ezrec mirror], [https://github.com/michalsc/AROS/ older mirror], [https://trac.aros.org/trac/timeline TRAC], [], 
* awaiting update [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git git repo], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/aros/commits ohloh] or [https://svn.aros.org/svn/aros/trunk/ svn repo] and access [Git version git://repo.or.cz/AROS.git here], 
* deprecated [https://www.gitorious.org/aros/aros/commit/a7fda9e ARIX commits] or [https://gitorious.org/aros/aros GIT old]

If you have SVN access (early 2015 introduced a new SVN server, create a new account at trac aros org) and/or have obtained the source [http://aros.sourceforge.net/download.php AROS site] - you can compile the current build tools/environment using: 

 &gt; make development

and follow this [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/compiling.php#building procedure] or [https://github.com/apiraino/aros_guide Guide] 


https://trac.aros.org/trac#Developing

If you plan on contributing back changes, please post information about such changes first on this [http://mail.aros.org/mailman/listinfo/aros-dev/ mailing list] for more experience developers can validate whether they are correct.


Then there are the nightly build machines. They svn update before the build and run configure as one of the next steps. autoconf might be added to the nightly build scripts.

Our build relies on packages downloaded from Internet (SDL for example) - it always worked this way. The minimal requirement (when just building core AROS) is binutils and gcc. If you build contrib as well, you need many more packages to be downloaded.

https://gitorious.org/aros/aros/commits/crosstools-II

git://gitorious.org/aros/aros.git

Branch crosstools-II there is only one commit on top of ABI_V1 
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-x86_64
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-x86_64
&lt;/pre&gt;
and
&lt;pre&gt;
../../aros-src/AROS/configure --enable-ccache
--with-portssources=~/aros/Sources --target=pc-i386
--with-aros-toolchain-install=/home/weissms/media/data/aros/test/crosstools/pc-i386
&lt;/pre&gt;
build OK.


:''More information: [[Aros/Developer/Maintainer|AROS Maintainer Docs]]''

===SDI Calls===

Integrate the 'SDI'-headers to allow easier porting to all amiga-like platforms.

&lt;pre&gt;
PUTCHARPROTO( PutTheChar, char c, struct SPrintfStream *s  )
{
 // REAL CODE
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

have &quot;SDI_compiler.h&quot; and &quot;SDI_hook.h&quot; included

its more organized like

 #include SDI/SDI_hook.h

than

 #include SDI_hook.h

option 1 --- i also use when back porting from amiga's..

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifdef __AROS__
#include SDI/SDI_hook.h
#else
#include SDI_hook.h
#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

also

you can add the -i include/sdi/ location if you do not want to add or edit any files.


Defining HOOKPROTO to IPTR name(struct IClass * cl, Object * obj, Msg msg); solved the problem

A MUI application most likely needs only the HOOKPROTOxxx SDI macros. They are compatible with AROS, only the attributes (hook, object attribute) must be given in the right order. examine compiler/include/aros/symbolsets.h (AROS_LIBREQ)

compiling mui stuff for aros setting -std=gnu99 is necessary (i have had -std=c99 most of the time).

===Locale with Flexcat===

Most languages have a locale, but not every app is localized, the only thing needed is to translate the &quot;catalog&quot; files. It is a case of locating the correct catalog and saving the translated version.

For every app that lacks of your language catalog and is localized anyway, you should find (in the sources) files related to locale:

* file.cd = catalog descriptor, contains base msg, with internal language (usually english)
* language.ct = catalog translation, contains every translated msg, indexed as in the file.cd.

Compare with other localized apps... Then, &quot;make my_app-catalogs&quot; should create and install your translated catalogs. ex : for, saying, sys:prefs/wanderer:

on root of AROS sources, type:
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer-catalogs&quot;
then (if you changed the .cd file):
 &quot;make workbench-prefs-wanderer&quot;

For apps not localized, you have to adapt their code to support it, if it is possible...

noticed the original .cd file has many (//) strings at the end of any voice, so added them also to the .ct file. 
That (//) is only for cd files. I'm highly recommending to use FlexCat for updating ct files, e.g. like this:

 flexcat app.cd deutsch.ct newctfile deutsch.ct

You'll get error checking and new entries are marked in the resulting ct file.

When editing .ct files, only change those lines containing translation and perhaps version string, nothing else.
The rest is up to the relevant tool, flexcat. In order to update your translation, type in the following in your shell:

 flexcat xyz.cd xyz.ct NEWCTFILE xyz_upd.ct COPYMSGNEW

This way you will not only make sure you have correct translation file but flexcat also pre-fills newly added strings with &quot;*** NEW *** text. Even better tool for checking cd/ct/catalog files is catcheck, but this one is sadly only available for AmigaOS/68k...

Some languages have variations, like portugues from portugal and portugues from brasil differs...

This is the way to go. I will have a look at language files, but basically if those two languages differ you have to do two separated set of translation files, yes.
(you could create a brazilian slang language localization too)

* At system level localization for one language is a dot language file.
(ex: locale:languages/klingon.language)

* At app level localization is a dot catalog file
(ex: locale:catalogs/klingon/system/libs/dos.catalog)

* At sources level, the dot ct file, and &quot;$language&quot; dot cd files and some building framework.
(ex: catalogs/my_app.ct catalogs/klingon.cd catalogs/mmakefile.src support.c support.h)

Please, use Flexcat to generate CT files: 
 FlexCat wanderer.cd NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct

Then fill the first 2 lines with something useful:
&lt;pre&gt;
## version $VER: wanderer.catalog 1.1 (9.2.2006)
## language deutsch
&lt;/pre&gt;

You can even update the CT-File: (This adds the new strings)
 FlexCat wanderer.cd deutsch.ct NEWCTFILE=deutsch.ct


To compile a catalog you only need the .cd file and your translation (.ct file):
 FlexCat multiview.cd deutsch.ct CATALOG=MultiView.catalog


[http://murks-ide.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/murks-ide/trunk/src/Catalogs/flexcat_linux?revision=100 Linux version of FlexCat]

: [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/localization.php#localization-for-non-developers More information]


A script which compares the required version (i.e. the version which an application/module etc. tries to open) with the version of the existing CT files. The result is in this table:

https://github.com/aros-translation-team/translations/wiki/Progress

The following cases are highlighted:

    n/a i.e. CT misses at all
    version in existing CT file is lower than the required version


It might be a bit difficult to participate if you haven't worked with Git before but alternatively you can send your CT files to our Slack channel.

When the ct file has been generated via flexcat (flexcat keyshow.cd NEWCTFILE=spanish.ct) it has the following header:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## version $VER: &lt;name&gt;.catalog &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; (04.01.2021)
## language nolanguage
## codeset 0
;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Those values &lt;ver&gt;.&lt;rev&gt; are the version and revision of the CT file for the languaje or are the values of the application being localized?

The &lt;ver&gt; part must match with version which the application tries to open. You can find the value either in the column &quot;Required Version&quot; in the table which I've linked above, our you can look in the git repository. For keyshow it would be https://github.com/aros-translation-team/keyshow. You can find in the file &quot;catalog_version.h&quot; the right version number.
The &lt;rev&gt; part starts for new CT files with 0 and should be increased every time the CT file is updated.

Updated several files and created a few more that were missing on the spanish catalog.

The catalogs are in Git repositories at https://github.com/aros-translation-team

a) You tell me your Github user name. I'll invite you. You can work directly with the Git repositories.

b) You create Github forks of the catalog repositories and create pull requests.

c) You send the CT files to mrustler  gmx de


===C Utils Misc===

The AROS source uses at several places the __DATE__ macro to fill the date entry of a $VER tag. Problem is that c:version doesn't understand that date format (e.g. &quot;May 21, 2011&quot;). As a result the output of e.g.
&gt; &quot;version c:shell full&quot; contains &quot;(null)&quot;. Is extending the version command to understand the format of __DATE__  the right solution for that problem?

AmigaOs compilers should use __AMIGADATE__ macro or similar form, if it isn't implemented it could be emulated in makefile: -D__AMIGADATE__=\&quot;$(shell date &quot;+%d.%m.%Y&quot;)\&quot;

BTW. I think DD.MM.YYYY is better format than &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; because &quot;Month DD YYY&quot; is not localized in any way.

&quot;strnicmp&quot; shouldn't work with NULL pointers

The Situation:

compiled a linklib using c++ object files (using the c++ cross compiler).
compiled a C stub that uses the linklib (using the c++ cross compiler).

Try to link them together (using the c++ cross compiler) with C object
files (using the normal target c compiler) that need to use -nostartup
= cant do because using the c++ files pulls in arosc (for stdio etc.) -
so wants to have the autoinit stuff present.

What can I do about this??

If it is possible to manually open it then what do I need to do exactly?

=== ENV ===

The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact. However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

99% of the time that statement is true (not required) for pretty much every file in ENV: or do people change their default icons - and prefs settings - every boot?

There seem to be a bad habit of late with developers changing things to reflect their own personal preference when the change isn't actually necessary - It would be nice if people could refrain from doing that in the tree without at least discussing it on the dev-list first (and with good reasoning unless they committed said work in the first place..)

We're not keen on the pollution of the &quot;S:&quot; dir: it's meant to be for scripts. What's wrong with &quot;ENV:&quot;?
Only the fact that it takes up RAM. I  understand  that  for  PCs  with  several gigabytes of RAM this is
irrelevant. But let's remember about other machines. The philosophy behind ENV: is that keeping configuration files there allows you to  'Use'  preferences  by  keeping  a copy in ENVARC: intact.

However in some cases (like this one) it is not required.

How about implementing in the style of HappyENV then? RAM-disk handler that falls through to reading from ENVARC: if there is no such file stored in it already. Removes RAM usage for unchanged files, removes the need to copy ENVARC to ENV in startup-sequence. 
Shouldn't be too hard to make from AmberRAM, or even just extend AmberRAM to provide this service.

Is it feasable to build a special version of AmberRAM handling ENV: that will try and copy the requested file from ENVARC: if it isnt found in ENV: ? 
Additionaly it could mark closed &quot;files&quot; as untouched - and expunge them from ENV: after a period of time to free up additional RAM:, or when the system is running low on free memory?

Silenty disappearing files may not be a good plan. Would be nice if the following would work:

ASSIGN :ENV SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc ADD
ASSIGN :ENV RAM:ENV  ADD

Where new files put in ENV: end up in RAM:ENV, and opening files looks in RAM:ENV first, then SYS:Prefs/Env-Arc

Well - that's essentially what im proposing but without the assigns - or need for a RAM:ENV directory. 
Adding it as a feature of AmberRAM sounds like the most memory efficient way (one handler to load in RAM) but that's only if it is possible to make it handle ENV: additionally to RAM:, and if it is even possible to add the proposed functionality (...and how to make it enable it when accessing ENV:).

===(AS)MP support===

If one has to recompile software for SMP multi core, is there any thing special one has to do to get software to run?   
Use task.resource if you need to query information about what tasks are running, and clear msgports completely when they are allocated.

Most code should not need Forbid. Use Semaphores, Messages etc. to sync your own code. 

Accessing system structures is a different thing. Use the proper API whenever possible.

How single structures will be protected in the future is still a moving target, at least it is not documented. And you should never  use undocumented stuff  


Ideas on for SMP multi-core

Another suggestion is ... Forbid/Permit function calls are meant to halt multitasking so as no other task could intervene with what ever the calling task is doing, e.g. setting semaphores. Disable/Enable calls are meant to halt interrupts and as a side effect they also halt task switching.

One option is to make it compulsory to protect shared resources with semaphores and forbid the use of simple Forbid() calls as to protect something. Setting semaphore should be done if possible with atomic instructions (check and alter in one instruction). Or make the second concurrent ObtainSemaphore call halt the second calling task and force if possible a task switch which ever gives better results. 

Semaphores could store the owning tasks task pointer instead of boolean to make things easier.

As long as the CPU initiates the DMA transfers through the OS, and the OS ensures that the transferred memory is within the region accessible to the user initiating the transfer, everything is fine. The CPU is the conductor, and the CPU by that has the control of which DMA transfer is initiated and which is not.
All you need to do is to write device drivers reasonable. Hint: CachePreDMA and CachePostDMA exist.
All the Os has to do is to verify that the memory regions to be transferred are valid, and prohibit direct access to the DMA control registers from user space. None of these algorithms imply huge costs.
The current OS design doesn't really allow virtual memory in first place, Forbid() is again the problem.

[http://www.tbs-software.com/guide/index.php?guide=autodocs.doc%2Fmemory.doc&amp;node=1 memory.library API] seem to low level. IMHO the programs should not know how the swapping is implemented. I would just go for one new memory flag
MEMF_SWAPPABLE that indicates that a certain memory region or a whole memory pool won't be accessed during Forbid()/Permit() etc. It only solves part of the problem, it only implements virtual memory and not memory protection. For the latter you need to be able make certain memory inaccessible by other programs, some memory read-only for one task and read-write for other tasks, etc. And I think this should be done in the same Address Space in order to avoid you constantly need to swap between different address spaces. 
So to summarize, if there are programs using this API we may provide a wrapper layer to get them working but I am not convinced this API should be the reference API with whom to provide VM to AROS programs.

=== Variadic ===

variadic functions (i.e. functions with an arbitrary amount of arguments).

&lt;pre&gt;
    #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;
    [...]

    char * STDARGS GetKeyWord(int value, char *def, ...)
    {
        [...]
        va_list va;
        [...]
        va_start(va, def);
        [...]
        va_end (args);

&lt;/pre&gt;

Please keep with using stdarg rather than having va casted to a LONG * type and varargs handled manually. Doing so, prevents tons of casting, where a simple va_arg can be used. So, string = *((char **) args) instead of string=va_arg(va, char *).

&lt;pre&gt;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

int printf (const char * format, ...)

{
    int     retval;
    va_list args;

    va_start (args, format);

    retval = vfprintf (stdout, format, args);

    va_end (args);

    fflush (stdout);

    return retval;
} /* printf */
&lt;/pre&gt;

Couldn't find varargs.h or stdarg.h. and have no use for AROS_SLOWSTACKHOOKS or AROS_SLOWSTACKTAGS.

GCC looks for stdarg.h in a different place: 
 /bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/stdarg.h

Here is a path for a &quot;normal&quot; header:
 bin/linux-i386/tools/lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/../../../../i386-aros/sys-include/aros/system.h


The use of vararg.h isn't supported by newer gcc versions. If you want your code to run on architectures that pass part of variadic arguments in a number of registers you need to use AROS_SLOWSTACK macros. Otherwise your program will not work on powerpc and x86_64 ports.

Of course the SLOWSTACK stuff is not needed in a function that can use va_list, va_start, va_arg and va_end. It's only needed if you want to write functions like DoMethod or similar.

 #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt;

should be enough no matter if you do cross or native compiling. If it does not work, something is wrong and should be corrected.

Stdarg.h is here, Development:lib/gcc/i386-aros/4.2.2/include/

...which is part of the compiler's default include paths. In other words, #include &lt;stdarg.h&gt; works out of the box, indeed. (sorry, I should have just tried it before invoking &quot;search&quot; or &quot;find&quot;...)

furthermore, myprintf() as shown above won't work, because...

 printf(format, args);

...is wrong - the second argument does not match printf() prototype, it expects a argument list, but args is of type va_list (obviously) - so one has to use...

 vfprintf(stdout, format, args);

...instead, just like in the original printf(), and add fflush(stdout).

additionally, one could use...

 int myarg = va_arg(args, int);

...between va_start() and va_end() to access individual arguments, where each call to va_arg() returns an argument casted to the desired type (here: &quot;int&quot;) from the list given (here: &quot;args&quot;) and advances to the next one.

wrapping up vfprintf() and modifying the format string now is a major speedup! no more backslash-n typing! this has been haunting me for years!

On MOS and AmigaOS, the NewObject variadic function is kept in the static library. It takes most of the parameters on the stack - thanks to that the implementation of NewObject calls the NewObjectA function. Everything works perfect, and the typical MUI macros may be easily used.

This, however, is not the case when you compile for AROS. Here, NewObject is a variadic macro, not a function. Thanks such approach we do not need any custom compiler in case of systems, where the arguments of variadic functions are passed partially through registers and partially through the stack (This is the case of PPC and x86_64, this is also the reason why both OS4 and MOS require specially patched compilers).

Since NewObject is a macro, the gcc's preprocessor expects the list of macros arguments enclosed within parentheses. In MUI macros it is not the case. Imagine the following test code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

This will compile and work, but the following piece of code:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define foo(a,b) ((a)+(b))
#define END )

int loosy_function(int a, int b)
{
    return foo(a,b END;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

will fail with the error: unterminated argument list invoking macro &quot;foo&quot;

There are two ways of fixing your issue. Either create your new objects outside this huge MUI constructions, and in there use just a pointer, or get rid of the &quot;End&quot; macro and exchange it with &quot;TAG_DONE)&quot;.


Badly written software is, for example, casting va_list to an APTR or even doing so as if va_list were a plain table of function arguments. Such code needs to be fixed because it has very few chances to work anywhere but on author's machine ;)

The problem is nOt that they assume sizeof(APTR) == 4, its that they often do not use APTR, and use ULONG to store pointers exclusively. If the code used APTR/IPTR as it should - most of the &quot;problems&quot; wouldn't exist.

It would also help if people would start using variadic arguments properly. Many coders do assumptions which shall never be made. Instead, they should consider using stdarg.h file and all the va_* functions :)

===ABI===

In the head of our SVN repository there are now only 3 directories:

&lt;pre&gt;
admin/
branches/
trunk/
&lt;/pre&gt;

We have added two extra dirs there: tags and imports

As discussed when we branch ABI V0 and [[Aros/Developer/ABIv1|ABI V1]] it would also be good to introduce tags. Normally this is done in a directory in the repository called tags. Currently we don't have this directory there. (We do have branches/tags that is a hack I have done because one doesn't have write access in the top directory. I think this directory is not clean and should be removed).

The second directory I would introduce is an imports directory for implementing vendor branches as discussed in the svn [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.5/svn.advanced.vendorbr.html book]. Currently we use code from several different projects and that code is stored inside the AROS tree; we seem to have problems with keeping this code up to date and merge our changes upstream. Maintainers of up stream projects like the MUI classes etc. have complained about this (to put it lightly).

Introducing these vendor branches would make it easier to see what changes we have made and make patches to be sent upstream and make it easier to import newer upstream versions of their code. Although can't &quot;copy&quot; the vendor branch into the main branch because it's already there, so start with a &quot;merge&quot;.

Yes, the first step to make the code already in the repository compatible with the vendor branches will be the most difficult. The best way to do it the following way:

* first import the version on which the current AROS code is based into the vendor branch
* then import the new version over it in the vendor branch
* finally merge the difference between these two version in the AROS code present in the repository.

For example, place NList directly under vendor and not in a subdirectory like &quot;contrib/zune/classes&quot;.

Actually after we have a stable [http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/specifications/drafts/abiv1.php ABIv1 (2012 or later)]. We need to move away as much as possible from the contrib directory to some other repositories. The reasons are ...

* The AROS repository should be for the core AROS code.
* other contrib projects should be tried to be compiled for all Amiga-like OSes.
* The release scheme for AROS and the other programs should not have to be aligned.
* Binary versions should be provided on aros-archives and on aminet and/or OS4Depot to install them. (Some clever programs should maybe be provided to make the life of distribution developers easier). 
* avoid parallel forks of programs for AROS and the other amiga OSes.

If there is really a need for a place for hosting AROS projects we may investigate setting up such a server but then including bug tracking, governance, maillist, etc. for each project separately. I personally think there are already enough places like sourceforge, google code, savannah, etc. where people can go for hosting such projects.

==Links==

* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com
* http://amigadocs.hokstad.com/doku.php?id=dev-links


 In the future...?
*AROS 64bit - SMP, Vulkan with OpenGL compability layer
*AROS 32bit - keep for historic reasons 

What would you like to see implemented in AROS?
ABIv1 completed, SMP (x86_64),  SendMsg()/GetMsg() to support memory protection between target and destination, in that order.   Michal Schulz and Jason McMullan have been toying with the question &quot;What are the minimal changes needed to the AmigaOS 3.1 API to support SMP&quot;?  The answer so far seems to be &quot;few, but subtle&quot;.  For example, SysBase-&gt;ThisTask is no longer meaningful on SMP, but FindTask(NULL) is.  Disable() and Forbid() are shockingly bad on performance, but adding a spinlock semaphore mode to SignalSemaphore will help new code on SMP.  

Leveraging a 'common' OS with a lot of machine support (Linux, MacOS, Windows, QNX, etc.) is something that AROS has been doing for quite a long time, and it is the biggest strength of AROS. This AROS experience and programming model, in the same way the Google's Android layers on top of Linux, or MacOS X layers on top of the Darwin/BSD kernel, as a first step 

* The graphics + layers subsystem could be implemented as a shim on top of a OpenGL ES implementation (ie on any modern Linux system, or the RaspberryPI's hardware, MacOS X, etc). 
  - This also allows every window to be on its own 3D surface with backing store, allowing Wanderer (or a Commodity)
rearrange/zoom/animate app windows without having to send a pile or refreshes to them

* Use OpenAL as the sound backend
* AROSTCP would be a thin layer over the native OS's TCP/IP stack
* dos.library, poseidon.library, and input.device would be slim shims over the native APIs
* If we move to loading all libraries' into the application's task space, instead of a single global instance of the library, this will allow SMP and MMU more easily. 
  - Yes, it will require a lot of work in the libraries to make this transition
  - Yes, I do think it will be worth it in the end.

* A 'fat binary' install format (or, maybe LLVM bytecode) that can be 'flattend' to the target architecture on installation.

So, what would this 'AROS of the future' look like?

* AmigaOS 3.x style API, with certain 'fundamental changes' to message passing
* Uses the underlying OS' device drivers, so more AROS developer effort can go to user-visible features and bugfixes 
* Allows AROS applications to run side-by-side with the OS's native apps


And why would anyone want to program on such a system?

* AROS applications would run on any system that has the AROS Framework installed
* AROS applications are pixel-for-pixel the same on all platforms. 
* Develop with the knowledge that you are guaranteed OpenGL and OpenAL, and the rest of the AROS Framework

an option for mmake to dump its dependency of metatarget in a graphviz[*] input file. This should make it possible to visualize the dependencies and hopefully be inspiration for cleaning up some mess, circular or unneeded dependencies and so on.


AmigaOS gcc 9 [https://franke.ms/amiga/gcc.wiki Old versions] able to create binaries for AmigaOS and [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=93813 Upgrading gcc versions] 


==References==
{{reflist}}
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      <text bytes="231886" sha1="6bit7eawvozz4bk0207aaoj8r75mbxs" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==

AROS 32bit should runs on most pentium type PC hardware, ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. 

Aros 64bit needs a Intel Core2 Duo or AMD equivalent, but the latest versions specify a SSE3 or AVX minimum, i.e. Intel Sandybridge or AMD Ryzen 

For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2023 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs to RTX 5xxx and '''3D''' from 8xxxGS to GTX9xx or higher 

32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2004 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 1GbE which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 (2011 to 2025) 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100 (2005 to 2009)
* PCI intel e1000 (2006 to 2009) 
* PCI intel pro100 (2002 to 2005) 
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 (1999 to 2002) 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support for Aros 32bit (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11-23 HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)
: 2026-07-25 HIDD  [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FKTL068ULM&amp;pp=ygUPYXJvcyBhbWlnYSAyMDI2 Nouveau nvidia for Aros 64bit] (Deadwood) 


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, 64bit some support 
*Laptop, 64bit, OpenGl 3+ if Intel turned off 

*Desktop, 32bit more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia 
*Laptop, 32bit limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 2026-08 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   26.0 Mesa OpenCL 
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 || N/A || N/A || N/A || unk || unk || unk 
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
|  Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|dvi and vga untested}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 70W - max opengl 3.x on Aros 64bit but opengl 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT on 32bit 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 opengl2 not opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  on 32bit, no display on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 on 32bit, no display on 64bit}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{maybe|vga and dvi from any display port on 32bit, no display on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|digital 24 pin DDWG's DVI and hdmi on 32bit, no display on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 2.x openCL - case single slot - 
* not working Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800 GT 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke on 32bit, display on 64bit }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3 on 32bit,   on 64bit}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|vga and dvi ports untested}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|DVI and hdmi ports on 32bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - some fan control - some have 1x6pin - randomly works 
* not working Gainward CardExpert Tech GF9800GT on 64bit 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) on 32bit, 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G96c) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|on 32bit, but nothing on DO3 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480, gearbox 500, Cube , Cube2 64, Quake3 for 32bit, nothing on DO3 64bit }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|vga and dvi untested}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI on 32bit, up to grub but blank screen after on 64bit except vga mode}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 opengl 2 - 1 or 2 slot card -  - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{no|does not work on 32bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{no|does not wotk on 32bit,  on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - pcie 2.1, may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 
* DDR5 - Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|working on 32bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|working on 32bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga and dvi ports on 32bit and untested on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI port on 32bit only, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 GeForce GT220 1GB on Icaros 2.3 32bit [[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* works
* not working NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke on 32bit, nothing 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 on 32bit, nothing on 64bit}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA on 32bit, untested on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|1xDVI but not 1x HDMI on 32bit, dvi and hdmi to grub but no display after on 64bit}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3) 11(A) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06fd
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no|working on 32bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|working on 32bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|working on DP1 until grub on 32bit and 64bit, on 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance 
*not working 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310 P2014  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| 2 dp}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - up to OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) up to OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
|  2010 Hardware up to OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau set at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 up to openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy on Aros 32bit but better on 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107GL) Kepler IRQ 11(A) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ffe
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{yes|vga on 64bit test }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|not dp }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with latest nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV12B (GM20B) Tegra X1
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV124 (GM204) GeForce GTX 980
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x13c0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV124 (GM204) GeForce GTX 970
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x13c2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV126 (GM206) GeForce GTX 960
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV126 (GM206) GeForce GTX 950
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV120 (GM200) GeForce GTX Titan X
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro M4000 (GM204)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 120W 1664 cuda cores 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX 1080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support - 2 6pin psu ports - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro RTX 4000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090 ada 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce RTX 5090 blackwell GB202 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro RTX Pro 4000 Blackwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2024 70w - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce gtx 760m GK106S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 like msi ge40 ge60 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 860M GK104
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 slower than gtx 750 ti 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 860M GM107 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1392
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 like a gtx 750 ti - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 850M GM107 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 slower than gtx 750 ti -
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 980M GM204 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 like a 1050 ti - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 970M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 960 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 950 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 
|-
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce M2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 55w 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro P520 pascal 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 75W [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Radeon Pro WX 3200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 70W single slot - GCN4 - like GTX 750Ti - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pro WX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 75W GCN4 - GTX 750 Ti speed stock, oc possible - single slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Radeon Pro WX 8100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 230W GCN5 2 slot card - like AMD 5600XL or GTX 1070Ti - 1x 6-pin + 1x 8-pin power - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 Vega 10 2 slot card - GCN5 - like a rtx2060 or GTX 1080 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;7600 series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 170W dual slot - Navi 33 RDNA3.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9060 9070 Navi IV (RX 9000)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9050 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9851 0x98
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2
Radeon 6700 XT
GeForce RTX 2080 Super
Radeon RX 6700
GeForce RTX 2070 Super 
Radeon 5700 XT
GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
GeForce RTX 2060 Super 
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti 
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000MGK106S
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>6bit7eawvozz4bk0207aaoj8r75mbxs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haskell/Modules</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>56392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669136</id>
      <parentid>4666181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T20:37:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-48380-83</username>
        <id>3625349</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hiding definitions */ Delete false statement; datatypes and type synonyms can be hidden while importing.</comment>
      <origin>4669136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8790" sha1="4read20mr62e8kdwulyuzd1a9kczgh9" xml:space="preserve">{{Haskell minitoc|chapter=Intermediate Haskell|noexercises=1}}

Modules are the primary means of organizing Haskell code. We met them in passing when using &lt;code&gt;import&lt;/code&gt; statements to put library functions into scope. Beyond allowing us to make better use of libraries, knowledge of modules will help us to shape our own programs and create standalone programs which can be executed independently of GHCi (incidentally, that is the topic of the very next chapter, [[../Standalone programs/]]).

== Modules ==

Haskell modules&lt;ref&gt;See the Haskell report for [http://www.haskell.org/onlinereport/modules.html more details on the module system].&lt;/ref&gt; are a useful way to group a set of related functionalities into a single package and manage different functions that may have the same names. The module definition is the first thing that goes in your Haskell file.  

A basic module definition looks like:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
module YourModule where
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Note that
# the name of the module begins with a capital letter;
# each file contains only one module.

The name of the file is the name of the module plus the &lt;code&gt;.hs&lt;/code&gt; file extension. Any dots '&lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt;' in the module name are changed for directories.&lt;ref&gt;In Haskell98, the last standardised version of Haskell before Haskell 2010, the module system was fairly conservative, but recent common practice consists of employing a hierarchical module system, using periods to section off namespaces.&lt;/ref&gt; So the module &lt;code&gt;YourModule&lt;/code&gt; would be in the file &lt;code&gt;YourModule.hs&lt;/code&gt; while a module &lt;code&gt;Foo.Bar&lt;/code&gt; would be in the file &lt;code&gt;Foo/Bar.hs&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Foo\Bar.hs&lt;/code&gt;. Since the module name must begin with a capital letter, the file name must also start with a capital letter.

== Importing ==

Modules can themselves import functions from other modules. That is, in between the module declaration and the rest of your code, you may include some import declarations such as

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import Data.Char (toLower, toUpper) -- import only the functions toLower and toUpper from Data.Char

import Data.List -- import everything exported from Data.List
 
import MyModule -- import everything exported from MyModule
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Imported datatypes are specified by their name, followed by a list of imported constructors in parenthesis.  For example:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import Data.Tree (Tree(Node)) -- import only the Tree data type and its Node constructor from Data.Tree
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

What if you import some modules that have overlapping definitions? Or if you import a module but want to overwrite a function yourself? There are three ways to handle these cases: Qualified imports, hiding definitions, and renaming imports.

=== Qualified imports ===

Say MyModule and MyOtherModule both have a definition for &lt;code&gt;remove_e&lt;/code&gt;, which removes all instances of ''e'' from a string. However, MyModule only removes lower-case e's, and MyOtherModule removes both upper and lower case. In this case the following code is ambiguous:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import MyModule
import MyOtherModule

-- someFunction puts a c in front of the text, and removes all e's from the rest
someFunction :: String -&gt; String
someFunction text = 'c' : remove_e text
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

It isn't clear which &lt;code&gt;remove_e&lt;/code&gt; is meant! To avoid this, use the '''qualified''' keyword:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import qualified MyModule
import qualified MyOtherModule

someFunction text = 'c' : MyModule.remove_e text -- Will work, removes lower case e's
someOtherFunction text = 'c' : MyOtherModule.remove_e text -- Will work, removes all e's
someIllegalFunction text = 'c' : remove_e text -- Won't work as there is no remove_e defined
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In the latter code snippet, no function named &lt;code&gt;remove_e&lt;/code&gt; is available at all. When we do qualified imports, all the imported values include the module names as a prefix. Incidentally, you can also use the same prefixes even if you did a regular import (in our example, &lt;code&gt;MyModule.remove_e&lt;/code&gt; works even if the &quot;qualified&quot; keyword isn't included).

{{body note|There is an ambiguity between a qualified name like &lt;code&gt;MyModule.remove_e&lt;/code&gt; and the function composition operator &lt;code&gt;(.)&lt;/code&gt;.  Writing &lt;code&gt;reverse.MyModule.remove_e&lt;/code&gt; is bound to confuse your Haskell compiler.  One solution is stylistic: always use spaces for function composition, for example, &lt;code&gt;reverse . remove_e&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Just . remove_e&lt;/code&gt; or even &lt;code&gt;Just . MyModule.remove_e&lt;/code&gt;}}

=== Hiding definitions ===

Now suppose we want to import both &lt;code&gt;MyModule&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;MyOtherModule&lt;/code&gt;, but we know for sure we want to remove all e's, not just the lower cased ones. It will become really tedious to add &lt;code&gt;MyOtherModule&lt;/code&gt; before every call to &lt;code&gt;remove_e&lt;/code&gt;. Can't we just exclude the &lt;code&gt;remove_e&lt;/code&gt; from &lt;code&gt;MyModule&lt;/code&gt;?

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import MyModule hiding (remove_e)
import MyOtherModule

someFunction text = 'c' : remove_e text
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

This works because of the word '''hiding''' on the import line. Whatever follows the &quot;hiding&quot; keyword will not be imported. Hide multiple items by listing them with parentheses and comma-separation:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import MyModule hiding (remove_e, remove_f)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Renaming imports ===

This is not really a technique to allow for overwriting, but it is often used along with the qualified flag. Imagine:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import qualified MyModuleWithAVeryLongModuleName

someFunction text = 'c' : MyModuleWithAVeryLongModuleName.remove_e text
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Especially when using qualified, this gets irritating. We can improve things by using the '''as''' keyword:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import qualified MyModuleWithAVeryLongModuleName as Shorty

someFunction text = 'c' : Shorty.remove_e text
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

This allows us to use &lt;code&gt;Shorty&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;MyModuleWithAVeryLongModuleName&lt;/code&gt; as prefix for the imported functions. This renaming works with both qualified and regular importing.

As long as there are no conflicting items, we can import multiple modules and rename them the same:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import MyModule as My
import MyCompletelyDifferentModule as My
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In this case, both the functions in &lt;code&gt;MyModule&lt;/code&gt; and the functions in &lt;code&gt;MyCompletelyDifferentModule&lt;/code&gt; can be prefixed with My.

=== Combining renaming with limited import ===

Sometimes it is convenient to use the import directive twice for the same module. A typical scenario is as follows:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
import qualified Data.Set as Set
import Data.Set (Set, empty, insert)
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

This give access to all of the Data.Set module via the alias &quot;Set&quot;, and also lets you access a few selected functions (empty, insert, and the constructor) without using the &quot;Set&quot; prefix.

== Exporting ==

In the examples at the start of this article, the words &quot;import ''everything exported'' from MyModule&quot; were used.&lt;ref&gt;A module may export functions that it imports. Mutually recursive modules are possible but need [https://wiki.haskell.org/Mutually_recursive_modules some special treatment].&lt;/ref&gt; This raises a question. How can we decide which functions are exported and which stay &quot;internal&quot;? Here's how:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
module MyModule (remove_e, add_two) where

add_one blah = blah + 1

remove_e text = filter (/= 'e') text

add_two blah = add_one . add_one $ blah
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In this case, only &lt;code&gt;remove_e&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;add_two&lt;/code&gt; are exported. While &lt;code&gt;add_two&lt;/code&gt; is allowed to make use of &lt;code&gt;add_one&lt;/code&gt;, functions in modules that import &lt;code&gt;MyModule&lt;/code&gt; cannot use &lt;code&gt;add_one&lt;/code&gt; directly, as it isn't exported.

Datatype export specifications are written similarly to import.  You name the type, and follow with the list of constructors in parenthesis:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;haskell&quot;&gt;
module MyModule2 (Tree(Branch, Leaf)) where

data Tree a = Branch {left, right :: Tree a} 
            | Leaf a
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In this case, the module declaration could be rewritten &quot;MyModule2 (Tree(..))&quot;, declaring that all constructors are exported.

Maintaining an export list is good practice not only because it reduces namespace pollution but also because it enables certain [http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Performance/GHC#Inlining compile-time optimizations] which are unavailable otherwise.

{{Haskell/NotesSection}}

{{Haskell navigation|chapter=Intermediate Haskell|noexercises=1}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4read20mr62e8kdwulyuzd1a9kczgh9</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>110619</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669142</id>
      <parentid>4642327</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T23:45:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-48433-94</username>
        <id>3625356</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Open the centre */ Belgrade gambit: 5... Nxe5 should be 5... Nxe4</comment>
      <origin>4669142</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5573" sha1="eobda6w19lqippf8ax8ajh04rdvif3g" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess Opening Theory/Position
|Four knights game 
|eco=[[Chess/ECOC|C47]]
|parent=[[../|Three knights game]]
}}
== 3...Nf6 · Four knights game ==
The position is now completely symmetrical, leading to a somewhat drawish position. 

There are a range of moves played here, but by far the main tries are [[/4. Bb5|'''4. Bb5''']], developing the bishop and pressuring the centre, and [[/4. d4|'''4. d4''']], opening the centre and transposing into a variation of the Scotch game. 

=== Develop a bishop ===

With both knights developed, next on White's list is to develop their king's bishop, after which they will be ready to castle. 

The prime position [[/4. Bb5|'''4. Bb5''']], called the '''Spanish variation''', is the main move. As in the conventional [[Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5|Spanish game or Ruy Lopez]], the bishop on Bb5 indirectly pressures Black's centre by threatening to trade off the knight guarding e5. There are key differences from the normal Spanish game: White does not have their usual plan of c3 and d4, because the knight is on c3, and their e4 pawn is defended so 4...a6?! Bxc6 dxc6 Nxe5 plays out differently. The two main lines are 4...Bb4 and 4...Nd4. 

Where else might the bishop go? 

[[/4. Bc4|'''4. Bc4!?''']], called the '''Italian variation''', allows 4...Nxe4! and a centre fork trick. White can navigate it without losing material, 5. Nxe4 d5 6. Bd3 dxe4 7. Bxe4{{chess/not}}, but allows Black a free hand and control of the centre behind e5. Essentially unheard of in tournament play, 4. Bc4 is nevertheless the most common amateur move. 

[[/4. g3|'''4. g3''']], the '''Glek system''', prepares to fianchetto the bishop to Bg2, castle, and play d3, in the manner of the King's Indian attack. The Glek is a modern treatment of the opening and is less drawish than the other four knights games.

=== Open the centre ===

[[/4. d4|'''4. d4''']] is the '''Scotch variation'''. This is a forthright approach, White wants to remove Black's pawn from e5, half-open the centre, and have space and open lines by which they can develop their pieces. This resembles the Scotch game (1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4) and the game may transpose to the Schmidt variation of the Scotch after 4...exd4 5. Nxd4 Bb4 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7. Bd3. In the four knights Scotch, however, White also has the option of 5. Nd5!?, the sharp Belgrade gambit, which often hopes to ensnare Black after 5...Nxe4 6. Qe2. 

=== Gambits ===

[[/4. Nxe5|'''4. Nxe5?!''']] is the '''Halloween gambit'''. White gives up a knight for a pawn, then takes space in the centre and a development lead by nudging Black to undevelop. Objectively dubious, it is nevertheless intriguing and offers White many aggressive and practical chances, especially in faster time controls. 

[[/4. Nd5|'''4. Nd5!?''']] was a blitz favourite of [[w:Daniel Naroditsky|Daniel Naroditsky]]. This undefends the e4 pawn. After 4...Nxe4 5. d4 exd4 6. Bd3 Nc5 7. O-O{{chess/not}} White is down two pawns but has compensation and an active position. 

=== Wait it out ===

Two interesting &quot;waiting moves&quot; serve to pass the turn back to Black. Due to the symmetry of the position, this usually leads to something resembling a normal four knights game but with colours reversed. 

[[/4. a3|'''4. a3!?''']] is the '''Gunsberg variation''', a useful waiting move that prevents 4...Bb4. 

Black should avoid 4...Bc4?! on account of 5. Nxe5 Nxe5 6. d4 Bd6 7. f4! Nc6 8. e5. Black can put the bishop on d6 instead, but wouldn't want to do so if it means trapping their d-pawn at home. So, 4...d5 is the best move, and the position resembles a four knights Scotch in reverse. 5. exd5 Nxd5 6. Bb5 Nxc3 7. bxc3 Bd6 8. d4 exd4 9. cxd4 O-O 10. O-O{{chess/not}}.

[[/4. h3|'''4. h3!?''']] is a trendy line popularised by [[wikipedia:Anish Giri|Anish Giri]]. It prevents the possibility of a ...Bg4 pin in the future but otherwise just passes the turn to Black. The position is sort of a four knights with colours reversed: Black's main moves naturally enough are ...Bb4 and ...d5. 

=== History ===

Known since the 16th century, the four knights became popular after the Romantic era as the chess world moved on to the positional style of chess. It had its heyday in the early 20th century, and was reinvigorated in the 1990s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=de Firmian|first=Nick|title=Modern Chess Openings|edition=15th|publisher=Random House|year=2008|location=New York|pages=318-321}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Theory table==
{{ChessTable}}&lt;br&gt;
'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6'''
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot;&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;4&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;5&lt;/th&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;Symmetrical Variation&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/4. Bb5|Bb5]]&lt;br&gt;Bb4&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;O-O&lt;br&gt;O-O&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;Scotch Four Knights&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/4. d4|d4]]&lt;br&gt;exd4&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;Nxd4&lt;br&gt;Bb4&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;Belgrade Gambit&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt; ... &lt;br&gt; ... &lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;Nd5&lt;br&gt;Nxe4&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;Italian Four Knights&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/4. Bc4|Bc4]]&lt;br&gt;Nxe4&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;Nxe4&lt;br&gt;d5&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;Glek Variation&lt;/th&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;[[/4. g3|g3]]&lt;br&gt;d5&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;exd5&lt;br&gt;Nxd5&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;=&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
	&lt;tr&gt;
		&lt;th align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;[[Chess/Halloween Gambit|Halloween Gambit]]
		&lt;td&gt;[[/4. Nxe5|Nxe5]]&lt;br&gt;Nxe5&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;d4&lt;br&gt;Nc6&lt;/td&gt;
		&lt;td&gt;=/+&lt;/td&gt;
	&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
{{ChessMid}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
=== See also ===
{{wikipedia|Four Knights Game}}

{{Chess Opening Theory/Footer}}</text>
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Welcome to the '''General reading room'''. On this page, Wikibookians are free to talk about the Wikibooks project in general. For proposals for improving Wikibooks, see the [[../Proposals/]] reading room.
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== Images lost in Engineering Acoustics ==

Hello,

I just made an updated PDF version of the wiki book on Engineering Acoustics.
During this processes I realized that 19 Images are missing. I left the respective chapters out of the PDF version. You can find the missing files by opening https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Engineering_Acoustics/Print_version in your web browser and search for the text File: . I am not sure why they were deleted. But possibly they were moved to Wikimedia Commons first and deleted after that. I could try to restore the from the 16 years old PDF version but I lack any authorship information so I think we need to redraw all of them. Furthermore I realized that some of the rest of the images in the wiki book have got a very poor resolution

Yours 18:22, 18 June 2026 (UTC) [[User:Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|contribs]]) 18:22, 18 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{re|Dirk Hünniger}} All media ([[:File: Acousticplanewave1.gif|A]][[:File: Acousticcontrolsurface.gif|B]][[:File: Acousticcontrolsurface.gif|C]][[:File: Acousticpressure1.gif|D]][[:File: Ra analogs.png|E]][[:File: Acoustic gen.png|F]][[:File: Enclosed Piston.png|G]][[:File: Equ1.jpg|H]][[:File: Equ3.gif|I]][[:File: Equ4.gif|K]][[:File: Comp.gif|L]][[:File: Example2holm1sol.JPG|M]][[:File: Exam2prob.JPG|N]][[:File: Exam2sol.JPG|O]][[:File: 1Dwave graph1.png|P]][[:File: String dwg.jpg|Q]][[:File: Equations1.jpg|R]][[:File: Equations2.jpg|S]]) except [[:File: Inductive law pass filter.jpg|Inductive law pass filter.jpg]] and [[:File: Open-twister.gif|Open-twister.gif]] were once deleted by [[User: Jguk|Jguk]] and [[User: Darklama|Darklame]] because after a grace period they still lacked copyright information. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 14:51, 10 July 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]]
::Do we also need to delete the PDF then? It contains theses images.
::Yours [[User:Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|contribs]]) 07:49, 11 July 2026 (UTC)
::: {{re|Dirk Hünniger}} It depends on the images’ contents, whether they’re copyrightable. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 08:40, 11 July 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] Well to me the look copyrightable. And further more its just the same images that were deleted from the wiki due to copyright issues [[User:Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|contribs]]) 13:33, 11 July 2026 (UTC)
::::: {{re|Dirk Hünniger}} As far as I understand the issue was a formality. All files must bear license info, regardless whether they’re copyrightable or not. It is quite possible all deleted images don’t meet the threshold of originality, but still were deleted because of this formality. Images like [[:File: Equ1.jpg|File: Equ1.jpg]] ''presumably'' contain ''just'' some rasterized text formula and as such are not copyrightable. I have not had a look at them, so I can’t tell. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 14:30, 11 July 2026 (UTC)
:::::: @[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] If its just a formality and the images don't meet the threshold to be copyrightable we could just restore the deleted images from the PDF. But keeping the PDF and not restoring the images surely is a contradiction. Furthermore there are quite a lot of books with the same problem. [[User:Dirk Hünniger|Dirk Hünniger]] ([[User talk:Dirk Hünniger|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dirk Hünniger|contribs]]) 17:25, 11 July 2026 (UTC)

== Citing WikiBooks? ==

Wikipedia has a page for Citing Wikipedia, but I haven't found one here, so I have a few questions:

# How would I cite Wikibooks in an essay?
# Do I need to cite sources on Wikibooks? If so, how?

[[User:BlazeFlames|BlazeFlames]] ([[User talk:BlazeFlames|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/BlazeFlames|contribs]]) 22:48, 18 June 2026 (UTC)

:# This should give you a good method: https://www.scribbr.com/citing-sources/how-to-cite-wikipedia/
:# Generally, no. We have [[Wikibooks:Policies and guidelines|no policy that requires or prohibits citing sources]] and we have a [[Help:Editing#References|help page on how to do it]], with a [[Wikibooks:Templates/Sources|number of templates]] to standardize the process. There is definitely value in citing sources, so I don't want to discourage it.
:―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 09:10, 19 June 2026 (UTC)
:: {{re|BlazeFlames}} As you can see in [[Special: Version#mw-version-ext|Special: Version § Installed Extensions]] this MediaWiki has the [[mw: Special: MyLanguage/Extension: CiteThisPage|CiteThisPage extension]] installed. On the English‑language edition of Wikibooks you can navigate to [[Special: CiteThisPage/Typewriting|Special: CiteThisPage/…]] even though it is not listed in the [[MediaWiki: Sidebar]] (but it’s listed in [[Special: SpecialPages#mw-specialpagesgroup-pagetools|Special: SpecialPages]]). However, on {{abbr|WB|Wikibooks}} I would link via the [[mw: Special: MyLanguage/Help: Page ID|page ID]] rather than the page title; replace &lt;syntaxhighlight lang='text' inline&gt;title=Booktitle&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; with &lt;syntaxhighlight lang='text' inline&gt;curid=123456&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;. ‑‑[[User:Kai Burghardt|Kai Burghardt]] ([[User talk:Kai Burghardt|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kai Burghardt|contribs]]) 15:09, 10 July 2026 (UTC)

== July 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding Wikimedia governance and options for reform ==

&lt;div class=&quot;border-box&quot; style=&quot;background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;box&quot; style=&quot;float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in July. Both sessions will focus on Wikimedia governance, including possible follow-ups to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Charter Movement Charter] and options for reform. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. 

This month, to deconflict the Café meetups from Wikimania, the meetups will be held one day later than usual.

#'''26 July 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1785078000 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe
#'''27 July 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1785121200 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific

Please see the Café page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]!
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== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 July 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== Call for administrators ==

Any experienced editor who has a good understanding of Wikibooks' policies should consider applying for administrator permissions at [[Wikibooks:Requests for permissions]]. Thank you. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:10, 5 August 2026 (UTC)

== August 2026 Wikimedia Café meetups regarding [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 Next 25] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;border-box&quot; style=&quot;background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #f8eaba); max-width: 875px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid black; margin: 5px; color: var(--clr-dark)&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;box&quot; style=&quot;float:left; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|60px|alt=The logo for the Wikimedia Café]]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello! There will be two '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Wikimedia Café]''' discussion opportunities in August. Both sessions will focus on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25 the Next 25 initiative], including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Next_25/A_proposal_to_frame_Next_25 framing the initiative]. Participants may attend either or both Café sessions. 


#'''29 August 2026 15:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788015600 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to the Americas, Africa, and Europe
#'''30 August 2026 03:00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1788058800 timestamp converter]), at a time friendly to Asia and the Pacific

Please see the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 Café] page for more information, including [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#Agenda._This_will_be_an_approximately_1_hour_Caf%C3%A9_session agenda details] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9#How_to_attend_the_session how to register]!

To subscribe or unsubscribe for Café notices on your talk page please [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Caf%C3%A9 go here].
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[[User:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;༄ᨒ𖠰 Pine&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:DeepSkyBlue&quot;&gt;(&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;✉&lt;/b&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 01:32, 17 August 2026 (UTC)

== Wikibooks project is not defined by goal ==

If it is for texbooks why is it called Wikibooks? It should be called Wikitextbooks! If it is for textbooks why does it contain cookbooks? For textbooks it's not supposed to have a [[Wikibooks:Featured books]]. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 09:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)

:It's &quot;textbooks&quot; broadly construed: guides, manuals, how-tos, etc. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:15, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
::So we should change &quot;Wikibooks:Featured books&quot; to &quot;Wikibooks:Featured texts&quot;. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:17, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
:::I disagree and even if I agreed, it would be priority #49,389. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
::::It's according to community consensus that says this website contains textbooks not books. [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:23, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
:::::&quot;[[wb:WIW|Simply, Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks.]]&quot; [[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 11:26, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
:Most textbooks are made by collaboration of some authors, co-authors and editors. Wikibooks help pages and guidelines remain silent when it comes to stages of writing a new texbooks. Even [[Using Wikibooks]] is not complete emough for enthusiasts. --[[User:Vivairan2|Vivairan2]] ([[User talk:Vivairan2|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Vivairan2|contribs]]) 18:13, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Wishlist 2027, invitation to share feedback ==

Hi, I’m [[m:User:SPerry-WMF|Sonja]] and I lead some of the [[mw:Contributors|teams]] at the Foundation who will be responsible for picking up wish work under the new wishlist process.

As you may know, the [[m:Community_Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] started out as an annual process through which Wikimedia contributors submit and vote on technical improvements they would like the Wikimedia Foundation to work on. The main goal of it is and has been to improve the editing experience by making changes and features the community asks for specifically.

In recent years, the process behind the wishlist has changed, and we’ve heard from many of you that it no longer meets many community members’ needs. So now, the Foundation is designing a new process with the community to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent, balanced across project families and language editions, and takes into account what the Foundation can deliver.

I would like to get community input specifically on these three stages of the Wishlist process:

* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#triage|'''triage stage''']], meaning how wishes are fleshed out, organized and filtered prior to voting
** We recommend to have a working group, including volunteers from various wikis and Wikimedia Foundation staff to work through this together
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#vote|'''voting stage''']], including who may vote and how votes are structured
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#postvote|'''post-vote stage''']], including how to bring equity into what work is prioritized
** One way to do this is to rank wishes within 3 categories: Large Wikipedias or covering all wikis, small and medium-sized Wikipedias, and '''sister projects''', so that top-voted wishes from smaller projects also get attention

This message is an abstract of the full proposed process. As you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]] (available in your language), please speak up about whether you think this will work well or if there are ways to make it stronger.

Regarding the timeline, this consultation is open for two weeks. You can post your feedback on Meta (in your preferred language) or in response below.

For this year’s cycle, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/Community_Wishlist_2027#timeline|we plan]] to have the wish submission period in late October/early November and the triage process completed by late November. To respect the end-of-year holiday season, voting would happen in early to mid January. This first voting cycle is meant as a first step to try out a new process, and there will be more opportunities to provide feedback along the way, so that we can figure out the best process for future years together.

[[oldwikisource:M:User:SPerry-WMF|SPerry-WMF]], delivered by [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Trizek (WMF)|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Trizek (WMF)|contribs]]) 13:52, 1 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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Welcome to the '''Technical Assistance reading room'''. Get assistance on questions related to [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] markup, CSS, JavaScript, and such as they relate to Wikibooks. '''This is not a general-purpose technical support room'''.

To submit a ''bug notice or feature request'' for the MediaWiki software, visit [[phabricator:|Phabricator]].

To get more information about the ''MediaWiki software'', or to download your own copy, visit [[mw:|MediaWiki]]

There are also two IRC channels for technical help: {{Channel|mediawiki}} for issues about the software, and {{channel|mediawiki-core}} for [[m:WMF|WMF]] server or configuration issues.
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]

== Viewing unreviewed changes, and recent changes, for a particular book ==

I've recently started editing [[Chess Opening Theory]] after a long hiatus. Two things
* How can I view recent edits, for this book alone. I'm aware of [[Using_Wikibooks/How_To_Edit_A_Wikibook#Watching All Pages in a Book|Watching All Pages in a Book]], which was well hidden on the page on editing, rather than on tracking changes (since rectified), but the advice there is unhelpful. Option 1 is entirely impractical, as one cannot add hundreds of pages one does not know about, and Option 2 simply doesn't work. For example, at this moment, there are 12 relevant edits listed in the main [[Special:RecentChanges]] page (which goes back to 9 July), but the suggested [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chess_Opening_Theory Related Changes] only lists pages directly linked from the top level.
* Similarly, how can one see the unreviewed changes for this book (or even all the books, where I can at least manually filter). I noticed a whole lot going back more than a month and approved most of them, but this was only through some tedious digging around through user contributions and page histories.
**Partially answering this question myself, there's [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3APendingChanges&amp;namespace=&amp;tagFilter=&amp;limit=50&amp;category=&amp;size= this page]. Which brings up a followup question. My contributions page doesn't list the changes I've approved (only the one I declined). Is there a way to see these? [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 21:38, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
Thanks! [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 21:29, 13 July 2026 (UTC)

:At the risk of sounding pedantic, a hack for the first problem whereby [[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chess_Opening_Theory]] only shows changes that are linked to the top page of the book directly and not all sub-pages or sub-sub-sub-pages, etc. is to just make them all linked from the top page. This can be done with a template that may make it a little more pretty or discreet than a huge list of links. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:53, 14 July 2026 (UTC)
::Thanks, but this doesn't really help. Besides having to add thousands of links to the front page, which certainly shouldn't be displayed there, when someone adds a new variation (which is what a large portion of the edits are), the new entry won't appear on Recent Changes until specifically linked from the front page. [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 17:23, 15 July 2026 (UTC)
:@[[User:Greenman|Greenman]] I think using the book categories at [[Special:UnreviewedPages]] might be helpful here—is [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&amp;namespace=0&amp;category=Book%3AChess+Opening+Theory this] approximately what you're looking for? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:24, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Greenman|Greenman]] I think you're also looking for [[Special:Log/review]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, those are helpful. [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 15:04, 18 July 2026 (UTC)

== Examples of the navigation template. ==

There are several navigation templates.  I've used &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Navigation ...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in [[Oberon|Oberon Computing]]. Someone please point to a few other books where a navigation template is used at the top of pages.

Searching for a string in rendered pages is easy. Can source pages be searched? How?

Thanks,           ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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Welcome to the '''Technical Assistance reading room'''. Get assistance on questions related to [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] markup, CSS, JavaScript, and such as they relate to Wikibooks. '''This is not a general-purpose technical support room'''.

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[[Category:Reading room]]

== Viewing unreviewed changes, and recent changes, for a particular book ==

I've recently started editing [[Chess Opening Theory]] after a long hiatus. Two things
* How can I view recent edits, for this book alone. I'm aware of [[Using_Wikibooks/How_To_Edit_A_Wikibook#Watching All Pages in a Book|Watching All Pages in a Book]], which was well hidden on the page on editing, rather than on tracking changes (since rectified), but the advice there is unhelpful. Option 1 is entirely impractical, as one cannot add hundreds of pages one does not know about, and Option 2 simply doesn't work. For example, at this moment, there are 12 relevant edits listed in the main [[Special:RecentChanges]] page (which goes back to 9 July), but the suggested [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chess_Opening_Theory Related Changes] only lists pages directly linked from the top level.
* Similarly, how can one see the unreviewed changes for this book (or even all the books, where I can at least manually filter). I noticed a whole lot going back more than a month and approved most of them, but this was only through some tedious digging around through user contributions and page histories.
**Partially answering this question myself, there's [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3APendingChanges&amp;namespace=&amp;tagFilter=&amp;limit=50&amp;category=&amp;size= this page]. Which brings up a followup question. My contributions page doesn't list the changes I've approved (only the one I declined). Is there a way to see these? [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 21:38, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
Thanks! [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 21:29, 13 July 2026 (UTC)

:At the risk of sounding pedantic, a hack for the first problem whereby [[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chess_Opening_Theory]] only shows changes that are linked to the top page of the book directly and not all sub-pages or sub-sub-sub-pages, etc. is to just make them all linked from the top page. This can be done with a template that may make it a little more pretty or discreet than a huge list of links. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:53, 14 July 2026 (UTC)
::Thanks, but this doesn't really help. Besides having to add thousands of links to the front page, which certainly shouldn't be displayed there, when someone adds a new variation (which is what a large portion of the edits are), the new entry won't appear on Recent Changes until specifically linked from the front page. [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 17:23, 15 July 2026 (UTC)
:@[[User:Greenman|Greenman]] I think using the book categories at [[Special:UnreviewedPages]] might be helpful here—is [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&amp;namespace=0&amp;category=Book%3AChess+Opening+Theory this] approximately what you're looking for? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:24, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Greenman|Greenman]] I think you're also looking for [[Special:Log/review]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, those are helpful. [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 15:04, 18 July 2026 (UTC)

== Examples of the navigation templates. ==

There are several navigation templates.  I've used &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Navigation ...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in [[Oberon|Oberon Computing]]. Someone please point to a few other books where a navigation template is used at the top of pages.

Searching for a string in rendered pages is easy. Can source pages be searched? How?

Thanks,           ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>fv2v5m5hju7a9bk8z0f4c492ndedk2i</sha1>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Archiving 1 thread (older than 50 days) to [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2026/July]]</comment>
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Welcome to the '''Technical Assistance reading room'''. Get assistance on questions related to [[w:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] markup, CSS, JavaScript, and such as they relate to Wikibooks. '''This is not a general-purpose technical support room'''.

To submit a ''bug notice or feature request'' for the MediaWiki software, visit [[phabricator:|Phabricator]].

To get more information about the ''MediaWiki software'', or to download your own copy, visit [[mw:|MediaWiki]]

There are also two IRC channels for technical help: {{Channel|mediawiki}} for issues about the software, and {{channel|mediawiki-core}} for [[m:WMF|WMF]] server or configuration issues.
{{clear}}
[[Category:Reading room]]

== Examples of the navigation templates. ==

There are several navigation templates.  I've used &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Navigation ...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in [[Oberon|Oberon Computing]]. Someone please point to a few other books where a navigation template is used at the top of pages.

Searching for a string in rendered pages is easy. Can source pages be searched? How?

Thanks,           ... [[User:PeterEasthope|PeterEasthope]] ([[User talk:PeterEasthope|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PeterEasthope|contribs]]) 15:44, 6 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>87huskf56qbaj6h0q1m342eihy1q8w2</sha1>
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*''Subpages''
:[[Radiation_Oncology/Breast/Early_breast/BCT/RT_in_BCT|BCS +/- RT]]


==Surgical Options==
*'''Radical Mastectomy'''
**Introduced by Halsted in 1894
**En bloc removal of the breast, overlying skin, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and Level I, II, and III lymph nodes
**Typically requires a skin graft. Long thoracic and thoracodorsal nerves sacrificed, leading to atrophy of serratus anterior and latissiumus dorsi
**Improved local control, but poor survival
**Currently no absolute indications for this procedure
*'''Extended radical mastectomy'''
**Introduced in an effort for improved loco-regional control based on Halsted's progression of breast cancer
**Radical mastectomy + dissection of axilla, infraclavicular, supraclavicular, and 2nd-4th intercostal spaces
**Currently not used
*'''Modified Radical Mastectomy'''
**Complete removal of breast tissue, pectoralis major fascia, and Level I and II lymph nodes. Preserves pectoralis minor.
**Intercostal brachial nerve sacrified, leading to numbness in medial aspect of upper arm
**Survival equivalent to radical mastectomy
*'''Total Mastectomy (Simple Mastectomy)'''
**Removal of breast tissue only. Preservation of both pectoralis muscles and axillary lymph nodes
**More commonly used with sentinel lymph node biopsy
*'''Skin-Sparing Mastectomy'''
**Resection of biopsy scar, skin overlying the tumor, and removal of breast parenchyma. Preservation of majority of breast skin for reconstruction
**Comparable recurrence rates, as long as all breast parenchyma is removed
*'''Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy'''
**Skin-sparing mastectomy with preservation of the nipple-areola complex
**Used in patients with peripheral and small tumors
*'''Quadrantectomy'''
**Complete removal of primary carcinoma, with 1.5-2.0 cm surgical margin. Portions of the overlying skin and deep muscular fascia also removed
**Used in the pivotal Milan trial of radical mastectomy vs. BCS
*'''Partial Mastectomy'''
*'''Lumpectomy'''
*'''Wide Local Excision'''


*Absolute contraindications to BCS
**Persistently positive resection margins after reexcision 
**Multicentric disease, with 2+ primary tumors in separate quadrants 
**Diffuse malignant-appearing mammographic microcalcifications, suggesting multicentricity 
**Prior RT to the breast or chest wall
*Relative contraindications to BCS
**Pregnancy, with possibly performing BCS in 3rd trimester and deferring RT after delivery
**Connective tissues disorders, since these patients may tolerate RT poorly
**Large tumor in a small breast, because cosmetic outcome may not be satisfactory

==More Extensive Mastectomy vs. Less Extensive Mastectomy + RT==
*'''NSABP B-04''' (1971-1974) -- radical mastectomy vs. total mastectomy + RT vs. total mastectomy alone
**Randomized, 2 separate randomizations. 1665 women.'' For further information, please see page at'' [[Radiation_Oncology/Breast/Early_breast/Axilla#Surgery_vs_Radiotherapy|Axilla]]
***1079 women with clinically LN-: Arm 1) radical mastectomy vs. Arm 2) total mastectomy + RT vs. Arm 3) total mastectomy alone 
***586 women with clinically LN+: Arm 1) radical mastectomy vs. Arm 2) total mastectomy + RT
**'''10-years, 1985''' {{PMID|3883168}} -- &quot;Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation.&quot; (Fisher B, N Engl J Med. 1985 Mar 14;312(11):674-81.)
***Conclusion: Variations of local and regional treatment not important in determining survival 
**'''25-years, 2000''' {{PMID|12192016}} -- &quot;Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation.&quot; (Fisher B, N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 22;347(8):567-75.)
***No difference in DFS, RFS, DM, or OS
***Conclusion: No advantage to radical mastectomy. Also no survival advantage to removing occult positive nodes at surgery or to RT

*'''Denmark DBCG''' (1951-1957) -- extended radical mastectomy vs. simple mastectomy + RT
**Randomized. 666 consecutive patients with untreated primary breast CA randomized, 425 patients underwent surgery (majority of those excluded were not surgical candidates). Arm 1) extended radical mastectomy (radical mastectomy + dissection of axilla, infraclavicular, supraclavicular, and 2nd-4th intercostal spaces) vs. Arm 2) simple mastectomy + RT. RT given with opposing tangential fields including internal mammary LN + anterior/posterior fields to axilla supraclavicular region. Energy 180 kV - 400 kV, dose 42-45 Gy given in 6 days/week
**'''50-years; 2008''' {{PMID|18465331}} -- &quot;Extended radical mastectomy versus simple mastectomy followed by radiotherapy in primary breast cancer. A fifty-year follow-up to the Copenhagen Breast Cancer randomised study.&quot; (Johansen H, Acta Oncol. 2008;47(4):633-8.)
***Outcome: 5-year OS ERM 1% vs. SM + RT 1% (NS); 30-year OS 11% vs. 9% (NS). 25-year DFS 18% vs. 14% (NS)
***Predictors: Stage I better vs. Stage II-III; premenopausal better vs. postmenopausal. Excess mortality due to breast CA demonstrable up to 20-25 years after primary diagnosis
***Toxicity: lymphedema ERM 12% vs. SM + RT 4%
***Conclusion: Mutilating extended radical mastectomy can be safely substituted by simple mastectomy with radiation; no difference in OS or DFS

==Mastectomy vs. BCS + RT==
*No difference in overall survival between mastectomy and breast-conservation surgery + radiation
*No difference based on the size of the tumor itself, therefore choosing mastectomy vs BCT for large tumors should be based on anticipated cosmetic outcome, not control of the cancer (based on B-06)
*Young age alone is also not a contraindication


*'''Denmark''' (1983-1989)
**Randomized. 908 patients treated with BCS (intent to get free margins) + RT vs. mastectomy. Axillary dissection for everyone. 
**'''3-years, 1992''' {{PMID|1627427}} -- &quot;Danish randomized trial comparing breast conservation therapy with mastectomy: six years of life-table analysis. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.&quot; (Blichert-Toft M, J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1992;(11):19-25.). Median F/U 3.3 years
***6-year outcomes: DFS: BCS 70% vs. mastectomy 66%. Survival 79% vs. 82%
 	 
*'''EORTC 10801''' (1980-1986)
**Randomized. 868 patients, tumors &lt;=5cm (80% 2-5cm). Treated with modified radical mastectomy vs. lumpectomy with 1cm margin, complete axillary clearance, and RT 50/25 with 25 Gy IR-192 boost. IM RT given if central/medial tumor or if lateral tumor and axilla positive (~45%). Margins not inked, re-excision only for macroscopic residual disease. Chemo CMF given if &gt;55 years, or younger and axillary LN+ 
**'''10-years, 2000''' {{PMID|10904087}} -- &quot;Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing breast-conserving therapy with mastectomy: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10801 trial.&quot; (van Dongen JA, J Natl Cancer Inst 2000 Jul 19;92(14):1143-50.). Median F/U 13.4 years
***10-years: LR mastectomy 12% vs. BCT 20% (SS). No difference OS (66% vs. 65%, NS) and DM (66% vs. 61%, NS)
**'''QOL, 1998''' {{PMID|9640214}} -- &quot;Quality of life of early-stage breast cancer patients treated with radical mastectomy or breast-conserving procedures: results of EORTC Trial 10801.&quot; (Curran D, Eur J Cancer. 1998 Feb;34(3):307-14.)
***Comparison of Quality-of-life and cosmetic results at 2-3 years. 127 MRM and 151 BCT patients 
***Outcome: significant benefit in body image and treatment satisfaction in BCT group. No difference in fear of recurrence.
***Cosmesis decreased over time
**Conclusion: Similar survival rates, even with Stage II tumors. 

*'''NCI''' (1979-1987) -- Lumpectomy + ALND + RT vs. MRM + ALND
**Randomized. 237 patients with Stage I-II. Treated with lumpectomy + complete axillary dissection + RT vs. modified radical mastectomy + complete axillary dissection. Negative margins not required. RT 45/25 - 50.4/28 whole breast, supraclav if LN+, internal mammary coverage by crossing midline if axilla LN+ or medial tumor, boost 15-20 Gy via IR-192 (81%) or electrons (19%). If LN+, chemo AC
**'''10-years, 1999''' {{PMID|7877647}} -- &quot;Ten-year results of a comparison of conservation with mastectomy in the treatment of stage I and II breast cancer.&quot; (Jacobson JA, N Engl J Med 1995 Apr 6;332(14):907-11.). Median F/U 10 years
***10-year loco-regional recurrence: mastectomy 10% vs. BCS 5% (NS), after censoring recurrences treated by mastectomy
***No difference in OS (mastectomy 75% vs. BCS 77%), or DFS (69% vs. 72%)
**'''18-years, 2003''' {{PMID|12910512}} -- &quot;Eighteen-year results in the treatment of early breast carcinoma with mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy: the National Cancer Institute Randomized Trial.&quot; (Poggi MM, Cancer 2003 Aug 15;98(4):697-702.). Median F/U 18.4 years
***18-year LR: 22% in-breast in BCT arm vs. mastectomy 0%. 60% salvaged successfully. Failures throughout follow-up
***No difference in OS (mastectomy 58% vs. BCT 54%) or DFS (67% vs. 63%). No difference in contralater BCA (5%)
**Conclusion: No difference in OS or DFS. 
**Comment: higher in-breast failure likely due to large tumors (10% &gt;4cm, 80% T2) and not requiring negative surgical margins
 
*'''NSABP B-06''' (1976-84) -- Total mastectomy vs lumpectomy alone vs lumpectomy + RT
**Randomized. 1851 patients. Stage I-II with tumors &lt;= 4cm and LN +/-. If lumpectomy and SM+ (10%), underwent mastectomy but tracked under lumpectomy group. All had axillary lymph node dissection. XRT was 50 Gy to the breast only (not axilla) without a boost. Women with LN+ received melphalan + 5-FU. 62% were node-negative, 26% had 1-3 nodes, 12% had 4 or more nodes. Estrogen receptor status was available for 75%: 64% were ER+ and 36% were ER-. If breast recurrence after lumpectomy, not tracked as treatment failure because mastectomy patients were not at comparable risk but as &quot;cosmetic failure&quot;
**'''5 years, 1985''' {{PMID|3883167}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer.&quot; Fisher B et al. N Engl J Med. 1985 Mar 14;312(11):665-73. 
**'''8 years, 1989''': {{PMID|2927449}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Eight-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer.&quot; Fisher B et al. N Engl J Med. 1989 Mar 30;320(13):822-8.
**'''12 years, 1995''': {{PMID|7477145}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/333/22/1456 Full text] &amp;mdash; &quot;Reanalysis and Results after 12 Years of Follow-Up in a Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Total Mastectomy with Lumpectomy with or without Irradiation in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.&quot; Fisher B et al. N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 30;333(22);1456-61.
***Outcome: OS mastectomy 62% vs. lumpectomy 60% vs. lumpectomy + RT 62% (NS); DFS 51% vs. 48% vs. 50% (NS); IBTR lumpectomy 35% vs. lumpectomy + RT 10% (SS)
***Conclusion: Lumpectomy followed by breast RT is appropriate for women with &lt;=4 cm tumors and LN+ or LN-
**'''20 years, 2002''': {{PMID|12393820}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/347/16/1233 Full text] &amp;mdash; &quot;Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer.&quot; Fisher B et al. N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1233-41.
***Outcome: IBTR lumpectomy + RT 14% vs lumpectomy alone 39% (SS). Benefit regardless of LN status. Recurrence in the chest wall or scar was considered a local failure but ipsilateral breast failure in lumpectomy patients was NOT. LRR mastectomy 15% vs. lumpectomy alone 17% vs. lumpectomy + RT 8%
***Timing of local failure: After lumpectomy - 73% within first 5 years, 18% 5-10 years, 8% after 10 years. After lumpectomy + XRT - 39% within first 5 years, 29% 5-10 years, 30% after 10 years. 63% (in all arms) suffered death or a first event.
***First recurrences: local failure mastectomy 10% vs. lumpectomy 9% vs. lumpectomy + RT 3%; regional failure 5% vs. 9% vs. 5%; DM 22-26%; contralateral BCA 8-9%, second cancer in 5-7%, or death without cancer in 10%. 69% of any recurrence was detected within 5 years. 38% of contralateral breast cancers detected within 5 years, 30% 5-10 years, 32% after 10 years. 
***Survival: DFS 36% vs 35% vs 35% (NS). OS 47% vs 46% vs 46% (NS). 
***Comments: {{PMID|12584378}}

*'''Milan''' (1973-1980) - Radical (Halsted) mastectomy vs. BCS + RT
**Randomized. 701 women with BCA &lt;=2cm. LN+ in 25% (but suspect 35% due to inadequate path at that time). Treated with radical (Halsted) mastectomy (349 pts) vs. quadrantectomy followed by RT (352 pts). RT 50 Gy + boost 10 Gy. After 1976, patients with LN+ received adjuvant CMF
**'''20-years, 2002''' {{PMID|12393819}} -- &quot;Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer.&quot; (Veronesi U, N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1227-32.). Median F/U 20 years
***Ipsilateral recurrence: mastectomy 2% vs. BCS+RT 9% (SS). This rate identical to rate of contralateral BCA, suggesting new primaries rather than recurrence. True in-quadrant recurrence was comparable to mastectomy (8 cases vs. 10 cases)
***Other outcomes: no difference in contralateral BCA, DM, or second primary CA
***20-year OS: both groups 41%; disease-specific survival 76% vs. 74% (NS)
***Comments: {{PMID|12584378}}
**&lt;u&gt;Conclusion&lt;/u&gt;: BCS is the treatment of choice for women with relatively small breast cancers. Also, RT does not appreciably increase risk of contralateral BCA

*'''Gustave-Roussy''' (1972-1980)
**Randomized. 179 patients, tumor &lt;=2cm. Treated with modified radical mastectomy (91) vs. tumorectomy + RT. All had low-axillary dissection; if LN+ complete axillary dissection
**'''10-years, 1989''' {{PMID|2652199}} -- &quot;Ten-year results of a randomized trial comparing a conservative treatment to mastectomy in early breast cancer. (Sarrazin D, Radiother Oncol. 1989 Mar;14(3):177-84.)
**'''15-years, 1996''' {{PMID|8622072}} -- &quot;Conservative treatment versus mastectomy in early breast cancer: patterns of failure with 15 years of follow-up data. Institut Gustave-Roussy Breast Cancer Group. (Arriagada R, J Clin Oncol 1996 May;14(5):1558-64.)
**Outcome: No difference in OS, DM, contralateral BCA, and LR recurrence


'''''Age'''''
*'''British Columbia, 2007''' (1989-1998) {{PMID|17275207}} -- &quot;Is mastectomy superior to breast-conserving treatment for young women?&quot; (Coulombe G, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Apr 1;67(5):1282-90.)
**Retrospective. Women aged 20-49 with early BCA. Management with MRM (1597 patients) compared with BCT (801 patients). Median F/u 9.0 years
**No difference in outcome (L, LR, BCSS) by modality; but outcomes worse for younger patients
**For patients 20-39, difference at 10-year LR potentially (p=0.3) favored MRM, no difference in DRFS or BCSS
**Conclusion: Young age not a contraindication to BCT


'''''High Risk'''''
*'''University of Alberta; 2011''' {{PMID|21670451}} -- &quot;Increased risk of locoregional recurrence for women with T1-2N0 triple-negative breast cancer treated with modified radical mastectomy without adjuvant radiation therapy compared with breast-conserving therapy.&quot; (Abdulkarim BS, J Clin Oncol. 2011 Jul 20;29(21):2852-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.33.4714. Epub 2011 Jun 13.)
**Retrospective. 768 patients, T1-T2N0, triple-negative breast cancer. Treated with mastectomy and no radiation versus lumpectomy with radiation. Median follow up 7.2 years
**Outcome: 5-year LRR-free survival breast conservation 96% versus mastectomy 90% (SS). Mastectomy only independent prognostic factor associated with increased LRR (HR 2.5, SS)
**Conclusion: Women with T1-T2N0 triple-negative breast cancer treated with mastectomy and no RT have a significantly increased risk of locoregional recurrence compared to those with breast conservation therapy

==BCS +/- Conventional RT==
*Please see [[Radiation_Oncology/Breast/Early_breast/BCT/RT_in_BCT|detailed trial information]]
*18 randomized trials performed (13 published as full results, 2 published as abstracts, 3 not published). Please note that eligibility criteria and adjuvant tamoxifen/chemo varied significantly
*Addition of RT decreases ipsilateral BCA recurrence by approximately 2/3; effect is much more pronounced in N+ patients and younger women, but persists even in low risk small widely resected tumors
*EBCTCG analysis of individual patient data from 10 trials ({{PMID|16360786}}) suggests 5-year outcome benefits:
**Overall LR: 26% vs. 7% (SS)
***If LN- LR: 23% vs. 7% (SS)
***If LN+ LR: 41% vs. 11% (SS)
**BCA mortality at 15 yrs: 36% vs. 30% (SS)
**This translates into preventing 1 BCA death for every 4 local recurrences prevented, at 15 years

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Trial !! Follow-up !! Surgery !! Systemic !! RT Dose !! LR RT(-) !! LR RT(+)
|-
| NSABP B-06 (1976) || 20 years || lumpectomy || N+: melphalan + 5-FU || align=&quot;center&quot; | 50 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 39% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 14%
|-
| Uppsala-Orebro (1981) || 10 years || sector resection || none || align=&quot;center&quot; | 54 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 24% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 8%
|-
| St. George's (1981) || 5 years || WLE
|ER+: tamoxifen
ER-: CMF
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ? || align=&quot;center&quot; | 35% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 13%
|-
| Ontario (1984) || 8 years || lumpectomy || none ||  align=&quot;center&quot; |40/16 + 12.5/5 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 35% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 11%
|-
| Scotland (1985) || 6 years || WLE 
|ER+: tamoxifen
ER-: CMF
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50 + 10-30 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 24% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 6%
|-
| Tokyo (1985) || 8 years || sector resection || yes || align=&quot;center&quot; | ? || align=&quot;center&quot; | 9% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 7%
|-
| St. Petersburg (1985) || 5 years || quadrantectomy || yes || align=&quot;center&quot; | ? || align=&quot;center&quot; | 17% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 4%
|-
| Milan 3 (1987) || 10 years || quadrantectomy 
| N+ high risk: chemo
N+ low risk: tamoxifen
| align=&quot;center&quot; | 50 + 10 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 23% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 6%
|-
| NSABP B-21 (1989) || 8 years || lumpectomy || tamoxifen or none || align=&quot;center&quot; | 50 +/- boost || align=&quot;center&quot; | 16% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 3%
|-
| Finland (1990) || 12 years || lumpectomy || none || align=&quot;center&quot; | 50 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 27% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 12%
|-
| SweBCG (1991) || 5 years || sector resection || at discretion (in 9%) || align=&quot;center&quot; | 48-54 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 14% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 4%
|-
| German GBSG (1991) || 10 years || BSC || 2x2: +/- TAM || align=&quot;center&quot; | 50 + 10-12 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 34% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 10%
|-
| Canada (1992) || 5 years || BCS || tamoxifen || align=&quot;center&quot; | 40/16 + 12.5/5 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 8% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1%
|-
| CALGB 9343 (1994) || 5 years || lumpectomy || tamoxifen || align=&quot;center&quot; | 45 + 14 || align=&quot;center&quot; | 4% || align=&quot;center&quot; | 1%
|}


'''''Nomograms'''''
*'''IBTR! (Tufts/British Columbia/Mass General)''' 
**Web-based IBTR! nomogram: &lt;nowiki&gt;http://160.109.101.132/ibtr/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
**'''2010''' {{PMID|20048188}} -- &quot;Validation of a web-based predictive nomogram for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast conserving therapy.&quot; (Sanghani M, J Clin Oncol. 2010 Feb 10;28(5):718-22. Epub 2010 Jan 4.)
***Nomogram development/validation. IBTR! version 1.0 used to model BCCA data on 7,811 patient set (median F/U 9.3 years), then validate on MGH 664 patient set (median F/U 9.4 years). 
***Outcome: Risk group 1 (2.2% vs 1.3%, NS), risk group 2 (3.8% vs 3.5%, NS), risk group 3 (6.7% vs 3.2%, p=0.05), risk group 4 (12.5% vs 8.7%, NS)
***Conclusion: IBTR! v2.0 accurate in majority of patients; overestimates risk in minority of patients with high risk features
**'''2007''' {{PMID|17921706}} -- &quot;Predicting the risk of local recurrence in patients with breast cancer: an approach to a new computer-based predictive tool.&quot; (Sanghani M, Am J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct;30(5):473-80.)
***Nomogram development. Data from randomized trials, meta-analyses and institutional reports of BCS alone vs BCS+RT used 
***Model developed using age, SM status, LVI, tumor size, grade, use of chemo, use of hormones
***Conclusion: IBTR! a first attempt to model local recurrence risk in breast conservation therapy


'''''Meta-analyses'''''
*'''Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG)''' (a.k.a. Oxford overview) - Meta-analysis. 
*:''See also:'' Oxford overview of [[Radiation Oncology/Breast/Breast_chemotherapy#Meta-analysis|Chemotherapy]] or [[Radiation Oncology/Breast/Breast_hormonal_therapy#Tamoxifen|Hormonal therapy]]
**'''2011''': {{PMID|22019144}} -- &quot;Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10 801 women in 17 randomised trials&quot;, Lancet. 2011 Oct 19. [Epub ahead of print]
***10,801 women in 17 randomized trials of RT vs no RT after BCS; 77% were pN0.
***10 yr risk of any first recurrence (LR or distant) reduced from 35.0% to 19.3% (absolute: 15.7%); 15-yr risk of breast cancer death from 25.2% to 21.4% (absolute: 3.8%); 
***for pN0 subset: reduced any recurrence from 31.0% to 15.6% (abs: 15.4%) and death from 20.5% to 17.2% (abs: 3.3%). absolute 10-yr recurrence risk reduction depended on factors (age,grade,ER,tamoxifen,extent of surgery). These factors were used to predict large (&amp;ge;20%), intermediate (10-19%), and lower (&lt;10%) benefits. The reduction in 15-yr risk of breast cancer death in these categories was: 7.8%, 1.1% [CI -2.0 to 4.2], and 0.1% [CI -7.5 to 7.7]. 
***for pN+ subset: reduced any recurrence from 63.7% to 42.5% (abs: 21.2%) and death from 51.3% to 42.8% (abs: 8.5%)
***Overall, 1 breast cancer death was avoided for every 4 recurrences avoided. The reduction in mortality did not differ significantly between the pN0 and pN+ subsets.
**'''2005''': {{PMID|16360786}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials.&quot; Clark M et al. Lancet. 2005 Dec 17;366(9503):2087-106.
***42,000 women in 78 randomized trials of RT vs no RT, more vs less surgery, and more surgery vs RT. 
***For breast conserving therapy, 5-yr LR 7% (RT) vs 26% (no RT), and 15-yr breast cancer mortality risk of 30.5% vs 35.9% (S.S.).
**'''2000''' Van de Steene - {{PMID|10869741}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer significantly improves overall survival: the missing link.&quot; Van de Steene J et al. Radiother Oncol. 2000 Jun;55(3):263-72.
***Analysis of Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group study showed that there was a survival benefit (12% reduction) for recent trials, large trials, and trials using standard fractionation. Importance of reducing cardiovascular toxicity.
**'''2000''': {{PMID|10832826}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Favourable and unfavourable effects on long-term survival of radiotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials.&quot; Lancet. 2000 May 20;355(9217):1757-70.
***Meta-analysis of 40 trials. 10-year and 20-year results looking at cause-specific mortality. Half were node positive.
***RT associated with 2/3 reduction in local recurrence (8.8% vs 27.2% at 10 years). Breast cancer mortality was reduced but other mortality increased. Overall 20-year survival was 37.1% (RT) vs 35.9%, p=0.06. 
***A criticism of these results is that it mostly analyzed older radiotherapy techniques which delivered a higher dose to the heart.
**'''1995''': {{PMID|7477144}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/333/22/1444 Full text] &amp;mdash; &quot;Effects of radiotherapy and surgery in early breast cancer. An overview of the randomized trials.&quot; N Engl J Med. 1995 Nov 30;333(22):1444-55.
***1/3 local failures compared to surgery alone. 5% fewer deaths due to breast cancer (odds ratio 0.95) at 10 years. However, 24% increase in death due to other causes. Overall survival no different: 40.3% (RT) vs 41.4% at 10 years. Increase in deaths was greater for pts &gt; 60 yrs

*'''BCS Project, 2004''' {{PMID|14734701}} -- &quot;Breast-conserving surgery with or without radiotherapy: pooled-analysis for risks of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and mortality.&quot; (Vinh-Hung V, J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Jan 21;96(2):115-21.)
**Pooled analysis. 15 trials of BCS +/- RT with published data, 9422 patients
**IBTR: RR 3.0 (SS)
**Mortality: RR 1.086 (SS) = 8.6% relative excess mortality if RT not given
**Conclusion: RT associated with large benefit on IBTR and small benefit on mortality

*'''McMaster University, 2000''' (1967-99) {{PMID|10715291}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Does locoregional radiation therapy improve survival in breast cancer? A meta-analysis.&quot; Whelan TJ et al. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Mar;18(6):1220-9.
**Node positive cancers, received systemic therapy. 18 trials. 6,367 pts. Most were treated with modified radical mastectomy. 
**RT reduced any recurrence (OR 0.69), LR (OR 0.25), and mortality (OR 0.83).

==BCS and Tamoxifen +/- RT==
*'''Austrian ABCSG 8A''' (1996-2004) -- &lt;3cm, Arimidex/TAM vs. RT + Arimidex/TAM
**869 patients. Early breast cancer, &lt;3 cm, G1-2, N0, ER or PR positive. Treated by lumpectomy with Arimidex or Tamoxifen. Randomized to whole breast RT 50 Gy (+/- 10 Gy boost) vs no RT. Median age 66 yrs.
**'''2005''' ASTRO 2005 Plenary #3 (Abstract only) - [http://progressive.playstream.com/astro/progressive/index.html Webcast] &amp;mdash; &quot;Lumpectomy Plus Tamoxifen or Arimidex With or Without Whole Breast Irradiation in Women with Favorable Early Breast Cancer.&quot; Poetter R et al. IJROBP Volume 63, Supplement 1  , 1 October 2005, Page S2 . 
***Median f/u 3.5 years. LR 0.2% vs 3.1%. Overall recurrence 4.4% vs 6.7%.
**'''5-years, 2007''' {{PMID|17363187}} -- &quot;Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen or anastrozole with or without whole breast irradiation in women with favorable early breast cancer.&quot; (Potter R, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Jun 1;68(2):334-40. Epub 2007 Mar 23.). Median F/U 4.5 years
***5-year outcome: LR: RT 0.4% vs. no RT 5.1% (SS); Overall relapse 2.1% vs. 6.1% (SS); DM/OS NS
***Conclusion: RT leads to significant reduction in local and overall relapse

*'''CALGB 9343''' (RTOG 97-02, ECOG) (1994-99) -- 70 years or older, T1N0, ER+ -- TAM. vs RT + TAM
**636 pts. Randomized to tamoxifen +/- RT. 56% &gt;75 y/o. ALND 37%. RT 45/25 + boost 14/7
**'''5-years, 2004''' {{PMID|15342805}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer.&quot; Hughes KS et al. N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 2;351(10):971-7. Median F/U 5 years
***5-yr outcome: LR tamoxifen 4% vs TAM+RT  1% (SS). No difference in rate of mastectomy, distant mets, or 5-yr OS (87% vs 86%)
***Side effects: 
****Physicians: cosmesis, breast pain, edema, hyperpigmentation worse at 1 year; no differences at 4 years
****Patients: breast pain, fibrosis worse at 1 year; breast pain, arm/shoulder stiffness worse at 4 years
***Conclusion: lumpectomy + tamoxifen alone is acceptable for women 70 years or older with T1N0 ER+ tumors
**'''10-years, 2010''' [http://meeting.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/15_suppl/507 ASCO 2010 Abstract] -- &quot;Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women age 70 or older with early breast cancer.&quot; (Hughes KS, Abstract #507) -- Median f/u 10.5 yrs
***First recurrence local in 9% (Tam) vs 2% (Tam+RT) -- IBTR 8% vs 2%, Axilla 1% vs 0%. RT prolonged the time to first recurrence. 10-year freedom from mastectomy 96% vs 98%, freedom from DM 95% vs 93%. Breast cancer specific survival 98% vs 96%, OS 63% vs 61%. Only 7% of deaths were due to breast cancer.
***Conclusion: RT results in absolute reduction of 7% in LR (6% IBTR + 1% Axilla). No impact on overall survival, cancer specific survival, breast conservation, or distant DFS.

*'''Canada multi-institutional''' (1992-2000) -- &gt;50, TAM vs. RT + TAM
**769 pts. Randomized to tamoxifen +/- RT. Median age 68. pN staging 83%. Almost all had positive receptors (81%) or unknown receptor status (13%). RT 40/16 + boost 12.5/5 
**'''5-years, 2004''' {{PMID|15342804}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Tamoxifen with or without breast irradiation in women 50 years of age or older with early breast cancer.&quot; Fyles AW et al. N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 2;351(10):963-70. Median F/U 5.6 years
***5-yr local: LR tamoxifen 7.7% vs TAM+RT 0.6% (SS); DFS 84% vs 91%. Planned subset outcome (T1 ER+): LR 5.9% vs 0.4% (SS). 
***5-year regional: axillary relapse 2.5% vs. 0.5% (SS). No difference in DM or OS.
***Conclusion: RT in addition to tamoxifen significantly reduces local and axillary recurrence

*'''German GBSG''' (1991-1998) -- 45-75, 2x2 +/- RT and +/- TAM
**Randomized. ''Stopped prematurely due to slow accrual.'' 2x2 factorial. 347 out of target 700 patients with pT1N0, ER+, Grade I-II, EIC-, LVI-, SM-, ALND with minimum 10 LNs. Age 45-75 (&gt;=60 in 54%). Randomized to +/- RT and to +/- TAM. RT 50/25 + boost 10-12 Gy. TAM 30 mg x2 years
**'''10-years; 2009''' {{PMID|19879131}} -- &quot;Radiation therapy and tamoxifen after breast-conserving surgery: Updated results of a 2x2 randomised clinical trial in patients with low risk of recurrence.&quot; (Winzer KJ, Eur J Cancer. 2009 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print]). Median F/U 9.9 years
***Outcome: 10-year ITBR BCS 34% vs. BCS+RT 10% vs. BCS+TAM 7% vs. BCS+RT+TAM 5% (SS); regional failure 0% vs 1% vs 0% vs 0%; 8-year EFS 48% vs. 78% (RR 0.36) vs. 78% (RR 0.33) vs. 78% (RR 0.32) (SS). No difference for DMFS
***Conclusion: In patients with favorable prognosis, avoidance of RT and TAM increases local recurrence substantially. Not powered to distinguish between RT, TAM, and RT+TAM

*'''NSABP B-21''' (1989-1998) -- &lt;1cm, TAM vs. RT vs RT + TAM
**1009 women. Tumors &lt;=1cm. Lumpectomy + ALND. Randomized to RT, TAM, or RT + TAM. RT 50/25, boost at discretion
**'''8-years, 2002''' {{PMID|12377957}} -- &quot;Tamoxifen, radiation therapy, or both for prevention of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after lumpectomy in women with invasive breast cancers of one centimeter or less.&quot; (Fisher B, J Clin Oncol. 2002 Oct 15;20(20):4141-9.)
***Local recurrence: TAM 16% vs. RT 9% vs. RT+TAM 3%; no difference in DM or survival
***Contralateral BCA: no TAM 5.4% vs. TAM 2.2%
***Conclusion: Even in tumors &lt;=1cm, should consider RT and TAM

==Surgical Margin==
*'''Memorial Sloan Kettering; 2010''' (2005-2007) {{PMID|19847566}} -- &quot;What is an adequate margin for breast-conserving surgery? Surgeon attitudes and correlates.&quot; (Azu M, Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Feb;17(2):558-63. Epub 2009 Oct 22.)
**Retrospective. SEER data/pathology reports used to identify 418 surgeons of breast cancer patients. Response rate to questionnaire 75% (n=312)
**Outcome: Wide variation in margin selection. If T1 invasive cancer, tumor not touching ink 11%, 1-2 mm 42%, &amp;ge; 5mm 28%, &gt;1cm 19% as precluding need for re-excision. On MVA, &gt;50% breast surgery practice predicted smaller margins (SS). If DCIS without RT: 3%, 12%, 25%, and 61% of surgeons chose above margins.
**Conclusion: Wide variation in BCS margin definition

*'''EORTC Boost Trial: Pathologic Characteristics; 2009''' {{PMID|19720914}}  -- &quot;Impact of pathological characteristics on local relapse after breast-conserving therapy: a subgroup analysis of the EORTC boost versus no boost trial.&quot; (Jones HA, J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 20;27(30):4939-47. Epub 2009 Aug 31.)
**Please see EORTC Boost Trial section for full information. Multivariate predictors for LR: high grade (SS), age &lt;50 (SS), 16 Gy boost (SS). If high grade, no boost 19% vs. boost 9% (SS). If age &lt;50, 19% vs. 11% (SS). 
**Surgical margin status (negative, close, or positive) was not a predictor for local relapse (criticism - only 3.4% of invasive cases had + margins)
** Conclusion: Young age and high-grade most important risk factors for local relapse; margin status not important
** Editorial ({{PMID|19720895}}): Surgical re-excision should continue to be performed based on strength of multiple other studies. Age and grade worthy of further study

*'''Joint Center for Radiation Therapy; 2000''' {{PMID|10764427}} -- &quot;Outcome at 8 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer: influence of margin status and systemic therapy on local recurrence.&quot; (Park CC, J Clin Oncol. 2000 Apr;18(8):1668-75.)
**553 pts. Margins scored: negative (&gt;1mm), close (&lt;=1 mm), focally positive (margin involved in 3 or fewer low power fields), or extensively positive. Pts treated with RT to the whole breast with a boost dose to the tumor bed of at least 60 Gy. Doses were not adjusted according to margin status.
**8 yr LR: 7% (negative), 7% (close), 14% (foc. pos), and 27% (extens. pos)

==Tumor bed boost==
'''''Randomized'''''
*'''Netherlands''' - Ongoing
**Randomized. Whole breast 50 Gy + boost 16 Gy vs. boost 26 Gy in young women
**'''2006''' {{PMID|16904837}} -- &quot;High-dose simultaneously integrated breast boost using intensity-modulated radiotherapy and inverse optimization.&quot; (Hurkmans CW, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Nov 1;66(3):923-30.)
***Description of simultaneous integrated boost technique. 31 fxs @ 1.66 Gy to whole breast and 31 fxs @ 2.38 Gy to boost


*'''Budapest''' (Hungary)(1995-1998)
**Randomized. 604 women, T1-2 N0-1 BCA, s/p BCS + ALND and whole breast RT 50/25. Arm 1) observation vs. Arm 2) tumor bed boost. Boost given as electron boost 16/8 (50% patients) or Ir-192 HDR brachytherapy with 3-9 needles to 12/3 initially and then 14.25/3 (50% patients)
**'''5-years; 2002''' {{PMID|12426672}} -- &quot;Electron and high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost in the conservative treatment of stage I-II breast cancer first results of the randomized Budapest boost trial.&quot; (Polgar C, Strahlenther Onkol. 2002 Nov;178(11):615-23.) Median F/U 5.3 years
***Outcome: LR no boost 15% vs. boost 7% (SS), tumor bed recurrence 12% vs. 4% (SS), CSS 90% vs. 82% (p=0.053). No difference between electron and HDR boost
***Predictors for LR: age &lt;40, close/positive SM, high mitotic activity
***Toxicity: excellent/good no boost 91% vs. boost 86% (NS); but Grade 2-3 side effects 8% vs. 17% (SS). No difference between electron and HDR boost
***Conclusion: Boost dose significantly improves local control and relapse-free survival; cosmetic outcome comparable

*'''Lyon''' (France) (1986-92)
**1024 pts. Tumor &lt;=3cm. Lumpectomy 82%/quadrantectomy 16%. N+ 27%. SM- 2%. Treated with 50/20 +/- 10/4 boost to tumor bed.
**'''5-years, 1997'''  &amp;mdash; {{PMID|9060534}} &quot;Role of a 10-Gy boost in the conservative treatment of early breast cancer: results of a randomized clinical trial in Lyon, France.&quot; Romestaing P et al. J Clin Oncol. 1997 Mar;15(3):963-8.
***Local recurrence: 3.6% (boost) vs 4.5% (no boost)
***Cosmesis: telangiectasia 12.4% vs. 5.9%, but no difference in self-assessment of cosmesis
**Conclusion: boost provides significant benefit without much impact on cosmesis

*'''EORTC 22881/10882''', 2001 (1989-96) - boost vs no boost. 
**5318 patients. Stage I-II. Lumpectomy + ALND + 50/25 Gy to breast. 21% N+. If SM-, randomized to +/- 16 Gy boost. Boost was to lumpectomy + 1.5 cm margin. If SM+, randomized to 10 Gy vs 26 Gy boost. 28% adjuvant systemic therapy
**'''Cosmesis, 1999''' {{PMID|10524422}} -- &quot;The influence of the boost in breast-conserving therapy on cosmetic outcome in the EORTC &quot;boost versus no boost&quot; trial.&quot; (Vrieling C, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Oct 1;45(3):677-85.)  
***Panel evaluation of cosmesis (731 patient photographs), digitizer measurements of nipple displacement pre-RT (3000 patients) and 3 years later (1141 patients)
***Pre-RT cosmesis: no difference
***3-year cosmesis: excellent/good results in 86% no boost vs. 71% boost (SS)
***Conclusion: Boost had adverse effect on cosmesis
**'''5-years, 2001''' {{PMID|11794170}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/345/19/1378 Full Text] &amp;mdash; &quot;Recurrence Rates after Treatment of Breast Cancer with Standard Radiotherapy with or without Additional Radiation&quot; Bartelink H et al. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1378-87.
***5-year LR: Overall Boost 4.3% vs no boost 7.3%. (reduction of 40%). Women &lt;40 the most benefit (10% vs 20%). Women &gt;60 minimal benefit (2.5% vs. 4%) 
***No difference in rate of metastases or OS.
**'''Age effect, 2007''' {{PMID|17126434}} -- &quot;Effect of age and radiation dose on local control after breast conserving treatment: EORTC trial 22881-10882.&quot; (Antonini N, Radiother Oncol. 2007 Mar;82(3):265-71.). Median F/U 6.5 years
***Local control increased with age; effect of boost does not depend on age
***Expected benefit for RT: treating everyone 3.8%, treating &lt;=60 4.4%, &lt;=50 5.1%, &lt;=40 6.1%, treating nobody (no boost) 6.9%
***Predictive factors: age, tumor size, grade
***Conclusion: Treatment threshold age 60 would result in 0.6% increase in LR, while sparing boost in 1/3 of patients
**'''10-years, 2007''' {{PMID|17577015}} -- &quot;Impact of a Higher Radiation Dose on Local Control and Survival in Breast-Conserving Therapy of Early Breast Cancer: 10-Year Results of the Randomized Boost Versus No Boost EORTC 22881-10882 Trial.&quot; (Bartelink H, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Aug 1;25(22):3259-65. Epub 2007 Jun 18.)
***10-year outcome: LR: boost 6% vs. no boost 10% (SS); if age &lt;40 24% vs. 13%; if age 41-50 12% vs. 8%; if age 51-60 7% vs. 4%; if age &gt;60 7% vs. 4%. Salvage mastectomy reduced by 41%. Survival 82% in both arms (NS)
***Toxicity: severe fibrosis boost 4.4% vs. no boost 1.6% (SS)
***Conclusion: Improved local control in all age groups, but no difference in survival
**'''10-year summary; 2008''' {{PMID|18760649}} -- &quot;The addition of a boost dose on the primary tumour bed after lumpectomy in breast conserving treatment for breast cancer. A summary of the results of EORTC 22881-10882 &quot;boost versus no boost&quot; trial.&quot; (Poortmans PM, Cancer Radiother. 2008 Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print])
***LR Outcome: SM- subgroup: no boost 10% vs. 16 Gy 6% (SS). SM+ subgroup 10 Gy boost 17% vs. 26 Gy boost 11% (NS). No impact on OS
***Toxicity: Severe fibrosis no boost 2%, 10 Gy 3%, 16 Gy 4%, 26 Gy 14%
***Conclusion: Improved local control with 16 Gy; development of fibrosis dose-dependent
**'''Fibrosis; 2008''' {{PMID|18757193}} -- &quot;Predictors of the risk of fibrosis at 10 years after breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer: a study based on the EORTC Trial 22881-10882 'boost versus no boost'.&quot; (Collette S, Eur J Cancer. 2008 Nov;44(17):2587-99. Epub 2008 Aug 29.)
***Nomogram developed to predict moderate/severe fibrosis. Median F/U 10.7 years
***Outcome: Moderate/severe fibrosis no boost 13% vs. boost 27% (SS)
***Predictors: increasing whole breast dose, concomitant chemo, post-op edema/hematoma. Lower if RT given with &gt;6 MV photons
**'''Positive Surgical Margin; 2009''' {{PMID|18707785}} -- &quot;Impact of the boost dose of 10 Gy versus 26 Gy in patients with early stage breast cancer after a microscopically incomplete lumpectomy: 10-year results of the randomised EORTC boost trial.&quot; (Poortmans PM, Radiother Oncol. 2009 Jan;90(1):80-5. Epub 2008 Aug 15.)
***Subset analysis. 251 of expected 660 patients with SM+, median age 54. Arm 1) low boost 10 Gy vs Arm 2) high boost 26 Gy. Median F/U 11.3 years
***Outcome: 10-year local recurrence low boost 17% vs high boost 11% (HR 0.8, NS). No difference in OS
***Toxicity: Severe fibrosis breast low boost 1% vs high boost 5%; boost area 3% vs 13%. Moderate fibrosis 24% vs 54%. 
***Conclusion: No statistically significant difference in local control with higher boost dose, fibrosis more frequent. 
***Comment: Trial underpowered due to low patient numbers and low number of recurrences
**'''Pathologic Characteristics; 2009''' {{PMID|19720914}} -- &quot;Impact of pathological characteristics on local relapse after breast-conserving therapy: a subgroup analysis of the EORTC boost versus no boost trial.&quot; (Jones HA, J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 20;27(30):4939-47. Epub 2009 Aug 31.)
***Multivariate predictors for LR: high grade (SS), age &lt;50 (SS), 16 Gy boost (SS). If high grade, no boost 19% vs. boost 9% (SS). If age &lt;50, 19% vs. 11% (SS). Surgical margin status (negative, close, or positive) was not a predictor
***Conclusion: Young age and high-grade most important risk factors for local relapse; margin status not important
***Editorial ({{PMID|19720895}}): Surgical re-excision should continue to be performed based on strength of multiple other studies. Age and grade worthy of further study
**'''10-year LRR; 2011''' {{PMID|21821304}} [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016781401100380X Full Text] -- &quot;Nomogram to predict ipsilateral breast relapse based on pathology review from the EORTC 22881-10882 boost versus no boost trial.&quot; (Van Werkhoven E, Radiother Oncol. 2011 Jul;100(1):101-7.)
***Model to estimate 10-year LR probability in includes histologic grade, DCIS, tumor diameter, age, tamoxifen, chemotherapy, and boost treatment 
***Presence of DCIS adjacent to the invasive tumor was associated with increased LRR (HR 1.96, p=0.001).

'''''Retrospective'''''
*'''HERA Trial HER2+''' {{PMID|32861819}} -- &quot;De-intensifying Radiation Therapy in HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer: To Boost or Not to Boost?&quot; (Jaoude JA, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 Nov 15;108(4):1040-1046. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.078. Epub 2020 Aug 28.)
**Posthoc analysis of HERA Clinical Trial. 1082 patients treated with BCS, adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant radiation therapy, subsequently randomized to no trastuzumab vs 1 year vs 2 years of trastuzumab maintenance. Radiation boost in 41% vs no boost in 59%. Median F/U 11 years
**Outcome: Local control boost 93% vs no boost 91% (NS), no difference by subset (age &lt;40 vs &gt;40, or ER+ vs ER-)
**Conclusion: Excellent local control, boost does not improve local control

*'''Virginia/Tufts, 2006''' (1983-1999) {{PMID|16614879}} -- &quot;Tumor bed boost omission after negative re-excision in breast-conservation treatment.&quot; (Arthur DW, Ann Surg Oncol. 2006 Jun;13(6):794-801.)
**Retrospective. 205 with early-stage BCA required re-excision, and had no residual disease. Boost omitted. LN+ 24%. Median F/U 8.2 years
**Recurrence: 4 at tumor site (2%), 5 away from tumor bed (3%). 15-year in-breast control rate 93%; freedom from true recurrence 97.6%
**Conclusion: Post-lumpectomy RT can be tailored
 

'''Localization of the boost field:'''
*{{PMID|8331000}} (1993) &amp;mdash; &quot;Breast conserving surgery and irradiation: the importance of demarcating the excision cavity with surgical clips.&quot; Bedwinek J et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993 Jul 15;26(4):675-9. 
**Clinical set-up based on scar or palpation misses tumor bed (as defined by clips) about 50% of the time.
*{{PMID|1931770}} (1991) &amp;mdash; &quot;Boost dosage to the excision site following conservative surgery for breast cancer: it's easy to miss!&quot; Denham JW et al. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1991 Sep;3(5):257-61.
*{{PMID|11274557}} (2001) &amp;mdash; &quot;Breast electron boost planning: comparison of CT and US.&quot; Smitt MC et al. Radiology. 2001 Apr;219(1):203-6.

==Hypofractionation==
*'''ASTRO Fractionation Guideline'''
**'''2010''' {{PMID|20638191}} -- &quot;Fractionation for Whole Breast Irradiation: An American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Evidence-Based Guideline.&quot; (Smith BD, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print])
**Equivalent outcomes with hypofractionation and conventional fractionation for patients &amp;ge; 50, pT1-T2N0, no systemic chemotherapy and dose homogeneity +/- 7%. Favor dose 42.5/16, heart should be excluded, tumor bed boost is uncertain, use of hypofractionation for other patients is uncertain


*'''MRC FAST''' [http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/Search/StudyDetail.aspx?StudyID=1466 Link] (UK) ONGOING
**Randomized. Whole breast 50/25 vs. 30/5 vs. 28.5/5; each arm over 5 weeks

*'''MRC IMPORT HIGH''' [http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/search/StudyDetail.aspx?StudyID=2254 Link] (UK) ONGOING
**Randomized. Simultaneous integrated boost for high risk patients with whole breast RT 36/15 and SIB (48/15 or 53/15) vs. control 56/23 (40/15 + 16/8 boost)
**Eligibility: BCS at high relapse risk (&lt;50, or T2, or GIII/III, or SM &lt;2mm, or LVI+, or LN+, or no surgery). Target 840 patients. Endpoint breast induration

===Moderate Hypofractionation (&lt;=3 Gy/fx)===
*'''Ontario''' (Canada) (1993-1996) -- 50/25 vs. 42.5/16
**Randomized. 1234 patients with invasive T1-2 N0 (by ALND), margins negative. Age &lt;50 in 25%, tumors &gt;2 cm in 31%, adjuvant TAM 42%, adjuvant chemo 11%. Treated with Arm 1) 42.5/16 (2.66 Gy/fx) vs Arm 2) 50/25; No boost.
**'''5-years; 2002''' {{PMID|12165639}} [http://jncicancerspectrum.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/jnci;94/15/1143 Full text] &amp;mdash; &quot;Randomized trial of breast irradiation schedules after lumpectomy for women with lymph node-negative breast cancer.&quot; Whelan T et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Aug 7;94(15):1143-50. Median F/U 5.75 years
***5-year LRFS:  No difference (97.2% vs 96.8%). No difference in 5-year DFS or OS. 
***No difference in cosmetic outcome (defined as good or excellent) or radiation morbidity.
***Conclusion: shorter course acceptable
**'''10-years; 2010''' {{PMID|20147717}} -- &quot;Long-Term Results of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer&quot; (Whelan TJ, 2010 Feb 11; N Engl J Med 362(6):513-20). Min F/U 10 years
***Outcome: 10-year local recurrence: Hypo-fx 7.4% (invasive 6.2%) vs control 7.5% (invasive 6.7%) (NS).  No difference in 10-year DFS or OS. ''Subgroup analysis - high grade tumors hypo-fx 16% vs. control 5% (SS)''. 10-year DSS both groups 87% (NS); OS both groups 84% (NS)
***Toxicity: No Grade 4 toxicity. Grade 3 skin toxicity hypo-fx 2.5% vs. control 2.7% (NS); Grade 3 subcutaneous toxicity 2.5% vs 3.6% (NS). Grade 2 skin toxicity 6.4% vs. 5.0% (NS); Grade 2 subcutaneous toxicity 9.4% vs 6.8% (NS). Excellent/good cosmetic outcome hypo-fx 70% vs. 71% (NS)
***Conclusion: Accelerated hypofractionated WBRT was not inferior to standard WBRT. 

*'''MRC START B''' (1999-2001) -- 50/25 vs. 40/15 over 3 weeks
**Randomized. 2215 patients. Operable invasive BCA, pT1-3a N0-1, requiring RT after surgery. Surgery either BCS or mastectomy (8%). Arm 1) 50/25 vs. Arm 2) 40/15 over 3 weeks. Boost given at discretion (43%) 10/5. Regional RT 14%. 
**Concurrently, patients enrolled on photographic assessment substudy, QoL substudy and health economic studies.
**'''2008''' {{PMID|18355913}} -- &quot;The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial B of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial.&quot; (START Trialists' Group, Lancet. 2008 Mar 29;371(9618):1098-107. Epub 2008 Mar 19.) Median F/U 6 years
***Outcome: LRR 50 Gy 3% vs. 40 Gy 2% (NS); DM, DFS and OS all better (SS) in 40 Gy group
***Toxicity: Lower rate of late toxicity in 40 Gy group (SS)
***Conclusion: 40 Gy over 3 weeks has at least as favorable control and toxicity as 50 Gy over 5 weeks
**'''Toxicity; 2010''' {{PMID|20138809}} -- &quot;Comparison of patient-reported breast, arm, and shoulder symptoms and body image after radiotherapy for early breast cancer: 5-year follow-up in the randomised Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials.&quot; (Hopwood P, Lancet Oncol. 2010 Mar;11(3):231-40. Epub 2010 Feb 6.)
***Prospective. 1079 patients accrued (88% BCS, 12% mastectomy). RT boost 51%. EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 questionnaires
***Outcome: Significantly lower moderate/marked change in skin appearance in 40 Gy group (HR 0.76). 5-year breast symptoms, arm/shoulder symptoms (~20%), or body image problems (~40%) no difference between 40 Gy and 50 Gy.  
***Conclusion: Substantial proportion report breast/arm/shoulder symptoms, but no great difference between regimens

*'''MRC START A''' (1998-2002) -- 50/25 vs. 41.6/13 vs. 39/13 over 5 weeks
**Randomized. 2236 patients. Operable invasive BCA, pT1-3a N0-1, requiring RT after surgery. Surgery either BCS or mastectomy (15%). Arm 1) 50/25 vs. Arm 2) 41.6/13 vs. Arm 3) 39/13; all arms given over 5 weeks to eliminate treatment time variable. Boost given at discretion (61%) 10/5. Regional RT 14%. 
**Concurrently, patients enrolled on photographic assessment substudy, QoL substudy and health economic studies.
**'''2008''' {{PMID|18356109}} -- &quot;The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial A of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial.&quot; (START Trialsists' Group, Lancet Oncol. 2008 Apr;9(4):331-41. Epub 2008 Mar 19.) Median F/U 5.1 years
***Outcome: 5-year LRR 50 Gy 3.6%, 41.6 Gy 3.5%, 39 Gy 5.2% (NS).
***Cosmesis: Lower rate of late adverse effects in 39 Gy, same in 41.6 Gy compared with 50 Gy
***Alpha/beta estimate: tumor control 4.6 Gy, late breast changes 3.4 Gy
***Conclusion: Breast cancer and normal breast tissues respons similarly to fraction size. No difference in local control
***Comment: 60% had discretionary boost 10/5, 35% had chemotherapy and its interaction with fraction size unclear
**'''Toxicity; 2010''' {{PMID|20138809}} -- &quot;Comparison of patient-reported breast, arm, and shoulder symptoms and body image after radiotherapy for early breast cancer: 5-year follow-up in the randomised Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials.&quot; (Hopwood P, Lancet Oncol. 2010 Mar;11(3):231-40. Epub 2010 Feb 6.)
***Prospective. 1129 patients accrued (78% BCS, 22% mastectomy). RT boost 71%. EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 questionnaires
***Outcome: Significantly lower moderate/marked change in skin appearance in 39 Gy group (HR 0.63, SS), but not 41.6 Gy group (HR 0.83, NS). The 39 Gy group had improved breast hardness, oversensitivity, breast appearance, and skin appearance compared with 41.6 Gy. 5-year moderate/marked shoulder pain ~20%. 5-year breast symptoms, arm/shoulder symptoms (~20%), or body image problems (~40%) no difference between 40 Gy and 50 Gy.
***Conclusion: Substantial proportion report breast/arm/shoulder symptoms, but no great difference between regimens

*'''Royal Marsden''' (UK) (1986-1998) -- 50/25 vs 39/13 or 42.9/13
**Randomized. 1410 patients with T1-3N0-1 (max 1 positive node), treated with 1) 50/25, or 2) 39/13 (3.0 Gy/fx), or 3) 42.9/13 (3.3 Gy/fx) all over 5 weeks. Primary outcome late side effects; trial extended to allow power for LR evaluation but then stopped early due to start of START trial
**RT: WBRT; 25% randomly assigned to no boost, 26% randomly assigned to boost, 50% boost at MD discretion (comparable in all 3 groups)
**'''2006''' {{PMID|16750496}} -- &quot;Effect of radiotherapy fraction size on tumour control in patients with early-stage breast cancer after local tumour excision: long-term results of a randomised trial.&quot; (Owen JR, Lancet Oncol. 2006 Jun;7(6):467-71.). Median F/U 9.7 years
***10-year IBTR: 12% vs. 14.8% vs. 9.6% (NS vs 50/25, but SS between 39/13 and 42.9/13)
***Estimate of LR-based a/b = 4.0 Gy (and possibly as low as 3.0 Gy)
**'''2005''' {{PMID|15878095}} -- &quot;Fractionation sensitivity and dose response of late adverse effects in the breast after radiotherapy for early breast cancer: long-term results of a randomised trial.&quot; (Yarnold J, Radiother Oncol. 2005 Apr;75(1):9-17.) Minimum F/U 5 years
***Long-term side effects equivalent among groups
***Estimate of long-term side-effects a/b: 3.1 Gy

*'''Egypt NCI, 2004''' {{PMID|15959551}} -- &quot;Hypofractionation versus conventional fractionation radiotherapy after conservative treatment of breast cancer: early skin reactions and cosmetic results.&quot; (Taher AN, J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2004 Sep;16(3):178-87.)
**Randomized. 30 patients with T1-2N0, treated with A) 50/25 vs. B) 42.5/16 (2.66 Gy/fx). Primary outcome early reaction and late cosmesis. Median F/U 22 months
**Acute reactions: no difference, but group B 2 weeks earlier (3rd week vs. 5th week)
**Late reactions: preliminary - no difference

'''''Non-Randomized'''''
*'''Royal Marsden; 2008''' (UK) {{PMID|18556186}} -- &quot;Acute Toxicity and 2-year Adverse Effects of 30 Gy in Five Fractions over 15 Days to Whole Breast after Local Excision of Early Breast Cancer.&quot; (Martin S, Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2008 Jun 13. [Epub ahead of print])
**Pilot. 30 women, early BCA, &gt;=50 years, tumor size &lt;3cm, SM-, LN-, no chemo required. RT 30/5 over 15 days to whole breast, tangents. Median F/U 3.1 years
**Outcome: Acute Grade 2 erythema 30%, no Grade 3+; moist desquammation 13% (Grade 1-2). Late (2 years) 0% marked change, 23% mild change, 77% no change from pre-treatment. No IBTR thus far
**Conclusion: Further evaluation is justified, including regimen delivered in 5 days

*'''NYU, 2007''' (2003-2005) {{PMID|17470849}} -- &quot;Phase I-II Trial of Prone Accelerated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy to Optimally Spare Normal Tissue.&quot; (Formenti SC, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 30; [Epub ahead of print])
**Phase I-II. 91 patients. Stage I-II, allowed N1, SM-. Prone, IMRT 40.5/15 (2.7 Gy/fx) + concomitant boost 48/15 (3.2 Gy/fx). RT constraints: heart &lt;=5% to &gt;=18 Gy; &lt;=10% ipsi lung to &gt;=20 Gy. Median F/U 1 year
**Acute toxicity: G1-2 dermatitis 67%, fatigue 18%
**Conclusion: Accelerated whole breast IMRT with concomitant boost prone is feasible, and permits volume reduction for lung and heart

*'''Fox Chase, 2007''' {{PMID|17379430}} -- &quot;Four-week course of radiation for breast cancer using hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy with an incorporated boost.&quot; (Freedman GM, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007 Mar 20)
**Phase II. 75 patients, normally eligible for standard RT. Neoadjuvant chemo in 44%
**RT: IMRT and incorporated electron boost, whole breast 45/20 (2.25 Gy/fx) and lumpectomy bed 56/20 (2.8 Gy/fx)
**Toxicity: Grade 0 12%, Grade 1 65%, Grade 2 23%. No Grade 3+
**Conclusion: Feasible and acceptable acute skin toxicity and QOL

*'''Hamburg, 2005''' (1992-1994) {{PMID|16220400}} -- &quot;Late effects and cosmetic results of conventional versus hypofractionated irradiation in breast-conserving therapy.&quot; (Fehlauer F, Strahlenther Onkol. 2005 Oct;181(10):625-31.)
**Retrospective. 129 patients (T1-2N0-1) treated with 1) 55/22 (2.5 Gy/fx) vs. 2) 55/28 (2.0 Gy/fx)
**Late toxicity: fibrosis (57% vs. 16%, SS), telangiectsia (22% vs. 3%, SS), atrophy (31% vs. 3%, SS). No difference in breast pain. Cosmesis acceptable-very good (75% vs. 93%, SS)
**Conclusion: Frequent late morbidity, and worse prognosis. No major impact on daily life

*'''UK Practice Survey, 1995''' {{PMID|8845316}} -- &quot;Non-surgical management of early breast cancer in the United Kingdom: radiotherapy fractionation practices. Clinical Audit&quot; (Yarnold JR, Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1995;7(4):223-6.)
**National Survey. 166 clinical oncologists treating breast.
**82% of respondents used either 50/25, or 45/20, or 40/15; remainder used other fractionation schemes
**Boost use haphazard

===Ultrahypofractionation (&gt;3 Gy/fx)===
*'''UK FAST-Forward''' (2011 - 2014) -- 40/15 vs 27/5 vs 26/5 whole breast or chest wall
**Randomized, non-inferiority. 4096 patients. pT1-3pN0-1. Arm 1) 40/15 vs Arm 2) 27/5 in 1 week vs Arm 3) 26/5 in 1 week. Sequential boost 10-16 Gy allowed. Primary endopoint IBTR
**'''5-years; 2020''' {{PMID|32580883}} -- &quot;Hypofractionated breast radiotherapy for 1 week versus 3 weeks (FAST-Forward): 5-year efficacy and late normal tissue effects results from a multicentre, non-inferiority, randomised, phase 3 trial&quot; (Brunt AM, Lancet. 2020 May 23;395(10237):1613-1626. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30932-6. Epub 2020 Apr 28.) Median F/U 5.9 years
***Outcome: 5-year IBTR 40 Gy 2.1% vs 27 Gy 1.8% vs 26 Gy 1.4% (SS)
***Toxicity: 5-year moderate/marked 9.9% vs 15.4% (SS) vs 11.9% (NS)
***Conclusion: 26 Gy in 5 fx in 1 week in non-inferior to 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks

*'''Hopital Necker, France''' (1982-1984) -- 45/25 vs 23/4
**Randomized. 230 patients (T1 22%, T2 61%, cN+ 28%), surgery in 79%, neoadjuvant chemo + RT 21%. Arm 1) 45/25 vs Arm 2) 23/4 over 17 days (D1, D3, D15, D17)
**'''1990''' {{PMID|2254102}} -- &quot;The use of a specific hypofractionated radiation therapy regimen versus classical fractionation in the treatment of breast cancer: a randomized study of 230 patients.&quot; (Baillet F, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1990 Nov;19(5):1131-3.) Min F/U 4 years
***Outcome: 5-year OS no difference. LRR hypofx 7% vs conventional 5% (NS)
***Toxicity: hypofx 23% vs conventional 19%; fibrosis 18% vs 9%
***Conclusion: No difference in effectiveness and rate of complications

===Intraoperative RT (Single fx)===
* '''ELIOT''' (Italy) (2000-2007) -- 50/25+10/2 boost vs IORT 21/1
** Randomized. 1305 patients. Age 48-75, clinical tumor &lt;2.5 cm and clinically node negative. Arm 1) WBRT 50/25 + 10/5 boost, Arm 2) Intraoperative electron therapy 21 Gy x 1 
** '''10-years'''; 2021 {{PMID|33845035}} - &quot;Intraoperative irradiation for early breast cancer (ELIOT): long-term recurrence and survival outcomes from a single-centre, randomised, phase 3 equivalence trial&quot; Orecchia R et al. Lancet Oncol 2021 Apr 9;S1470-2045
*** Median follow up 12.4 years
*** IBTR: WBRT 2% vs IORT 11% (SS). 10-year 1.1% vs 8.1% (SS); 15-year 2.4% vs 12.6% (SS). Overall survival 10 years 92.7% vs 90.7% (NS); 15 years 82.4% vs 83.4% (NS)
*** Higher rate of IBTR in IORT arm, a small subset (~10%) may be reasonable to offer per Discussion section

==Prospective RT Omission==
*'''IDEA Trial''' (2015 - 2018)
**Prospective single arm. 186 patients. Age 50-69, post menopause. pT1N0. Surgical margins &gt;=2 mm after BCS. ER+/PR+/HER2-, Oncotype DX &lt;=18. Planned 5 years endocrine therapy
**'''2024''' {{PMID|38060195}} -- &quot;Omission of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery for Women With Breast Cancer With Low Clinical and Genomic Risk: 5-Year Outcomes of IDEA&quot; (Jagsi R, J Clin Oncol. 2024 Feb 1;42(4):390-398. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.02270. Epub 2023 Dec 7.) Median F/U 4.7 years
***Outcome: 5-year OS and CSS 100%. IBTR 3%
***Conclusion: Very low risk of recurrence thus far

*'''LUMINA Trial''' (2013 - 2017)
**Prospective single arm. 500 patients. Age 55+, BCS, pT1N0, grade 1-2, luminal A (ER&gt;1%, PR &gt;20%, HER2-, Ki67 &lt;13.25%). Adjuvant endocrine therapy
**'''2023''' {{PMID|37585627}} -- &quot;Omitting Radiotherapy after Breast-Conserving Surgery in Luminal A Breast Cancer&quot; (Whelan TJ, N Engl J Med. 2023 Aug 17;389(7):612-619. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2302344.)
***Outcome: 5-year recurrence 2.3%, contralateral BCA 1.9%, any recurrence 2.7%
***Conclusion: Among these women, low incidence of recurrence with omission of radiation

==Age==
===Young Age===
*'''MD Anderson; 2009''' {{PMID|18707822}} -- &quot;Ten-year recurrence rates in young women with breast cancer by locoregional treatment approach.&quot; (Beadle BM, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Mar 1;73(3):734-44. Epub 2008 Aug 15.)
**Retrospective. 652 patients, age &lt;=35. BCT 30%, mastectomy 37%, mastectomy + RT 35%. Median F/U 9.5 years
**Outcome: 10-year LRR BCT 20% vs. M 24% vs. M-RT 15% (p=0.05). If Stage I, no difference. If Stage II, 18% vs. 23% vs. 6% (SS). Worse LRR if mastectomy only or if Grade III disease. Chemo significant LRR benefit (13% vs. 28%, p=0.04)
**Conclusion: Young women high rate of LRR. For Stage II disease, mastectomy + RT superior. For Stage I disease, no difference

===Older Age===
*'''MD Anderson Cancer Center''' 
**'''Nomogram; 2012''' (1992-2002) {{PMID|22734034}} -- &quot;Nomogram to predict the benefit of radiation for older patients with breast cancer treated with conservative surgery.&quot; (Albert JM, J Clin Oncol. 2012 Aug 10;30(23):2837-43. Epub 2012 Jun 25.)
***Nomogram. Data from SEER database. 16,092 women, age 66-79, treated with conservative surgery. Medicare claims to identify receipt of RT and subsequent mastectomy. Median F/U 7.2 years
***Outcome: 5-year mastectomy-free survival 98%, 10-year MaFS 95%. Nomogram developed, concordance index 0.66
***Conclusion: Nomogram to predict mastectomy-free survival among older women with early breast cancer
**'''Outcomes; 2012''' (1992-2002) {{PMID|22890779}} -- &quot;Effectiveness of radiation for prevention of mastectomy in older breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery.&quot; (Albert JM, Cancer. 2012 Aug 13. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27457. [Epub ahead of print])
***Retrospective. SEER analysis. 7403 women, age 70-79, treated with conservative surgery. Medicare claims to identify receipt of RT and subsequent mastectomy. Median F/U 7.3 years
***Outcome: 10-year risk of subsequent mastectomy if RT 3.2% vs no RT 6.3% (SS). Only group without benefit were 75+ with G1/G2 disease and pN0. All other subgroups experienced RT benefit ranging from 4.3% to 9.8% absolute reduction in mastectomy at 10 years. 
***Conclusion: Receipt of RT after BCS associated with greater breast preservation for most older women

*'''CALGB 9343'''
**'''Elderly Radiation''' {{PMID|23690420}} -- &quot;Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women age 70 years or older with early breast cancer: long-term follow-up of CALGB 9343.&quot; (Hughes KS, J Clin Oncol. 2013.)
*** Randomized 636 women (age ≥ 70 years) who had clinical stage I (T1N0M0 according to TNM classification) estrogen receptor (ER) -positive breast carcinoma treated by lumpectomy were randomly assigned to receive tamoxifen plus radiation therapy (TamRT; 317 women) or tamoxifen alone (Tam; 319 women)
***At 10 years, 98% of patients receiving TamRT (95% CI, 96% to 99%) compared with 90% of those receiving Tam (95% CI, 85% to 93%) were free from local and regional recurrences
***No significant differences in time to mastectomy, time to distant metastasis, breast cancer-specific survival, or OS
** At 10 years, OS was 67% with TamRT and 66% Tam (NS)

*'''PRIME II Trial'''
**'''Over 65 Radiation''' {{PMID|25637340}} -- Between April 16, 2003, and Dec 22, 2009, 1326 women aged 65 years or older with early breast cancer judged low-risk (ie, hormone receptor-positive, axillary node-negative, T1–T2 up to 3 cm at the longest dimension, and clear margins; grade 3 tumour histology or lymphovascular invasion, but not both, were permitted), who had had breast-conserving surgery and were receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment, were recruited into a phase 3 randomised controlled trial at 76 centres in four countries. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either whole-breast radiotherapy (40–50 Gy in 15–25 fractions) or no radiotherapy by computer-generated permuted block randomisation, stratified by centre, with a block size of four. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence. Follow-up continues and will end at the 10-year anniversary of the last randomised patient. Analyses were done by intention to treat. The trial is registered on ISRCTN.com, number ISRCTN95889329. (Ian Kunkler and colleagues, The Lancet Oncology, 2015.)
***658 women who had undergone breast-conserving surgery and who were receiving adjuvant endocrine treatment were randomly assigned to receive whole-breast irradiation and 668 were allocated to no further treatment. 
***After median follow-up of 5 years (IQR 3·84–6·05), ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence was 1.3% (95% CI 0.2–2.3; n=5) in women assigned to whole-breast radiotherapy and 4.1% (2.4–5.7; n=26) in those assigned no radiotherapy (p=0.0002). Compared with women allocated to whole-breast radiotherapy, the univariate hazard ratio for ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence in women assigned to no radiotherapy was 5.19 (95% CI 1.99–13.52; p=0.0007). No differences in regional recurrence, distant metastases, contralateral breast cancers, or new breast cancers were noted between groups. 5-year overall survival was 93.9% (95% CI 91.8–96.0) in both groups (p=0.34). 89 women died; eight of 49 patients allocated to no radiotherapy and four of 40 assigned to radiotherapy died from breast cancer.
*** Similar results to CALGB 9343

==Triple Negative==
===Initial Treatment===
*'''Harvard; 2008''' {{PMID|18413639}} -- &quot;Breast cancer subtype approximated by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2 is associated with local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy. (Nguyen PL, J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 10;26(14):2373-8.)
**Retrospective. 793 pts 1998-2001 from DFCI/MGH, none received trastuzumab. Median F/U 70 months
**Used receptors to divide pts into groups modeled after genetic subtype: 
**Luminal A (ERorPR+/HER2-), Luminal B (ERorPR+/HER2+), HER2 (ERandPR-/HER2+), Basal (Triple negative)
**5-year Local recurrence: Significantly worse for triple negative (7.1%) and HER2 (8.4%) vs. Luminal A (0.8%).
**Conclusion: Triple negative subtype and HER2 type (without trastuzumab) have significantly higher risk of local recurrence.
**Comment: Possible reason given for difference with Yale series: Harvard series had more modern patients with lower overall rate of local recurrence (1.8% vs. 17% for Yale series) which might have allowed the increased risk of LR among triple negative subtype to be more easily discerned.

*'''Yale; 2006''' {{PMID|17116942}} -- &quot;Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer.&quot; (Haffty BG, J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 20;24(36):5652-7.)
**Retrospective. 117/482 triple negative patients. Median F/U 7.9 years
**5-year DMFS: triple negative 67% vs. all others (ER+ or PR+ or her2+) 82% (SS)
**5-year Local recurrence: no difference (17%)
**Conclusion: higher risk of mets, but not at higher risk for local failure

===After Recurrence===
*'''UMD New Jersey; 2008''' {{PMID|18676094}} -- &quot;Prognostic value of triple-negative phenotype at the time of locally recurrent, conservatively treated breast cancer.&quot; (Parikh RR, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Nov 15;72(4):1056-63.)
**Retrospective. 47 IBTR specimens of patients who experienced an IBTR after conservative surgery and RT. Median F/U 7.5 years
**Outcome: After IBTR, 5-year DMFS 83% and OS 91%. By subtype, 5-year DMFS tripple negative 49% vs non-TN 91% (SS). Univariate predictors of poor 5-year outcomes: tripple negative phenotype, time-to-recurrence &lt;3 years, local recurrence
**Conclusion: Although patients experiencing an IBTR have a relatively favorable prognosis, those with IBTR events of the TN phenotype had a rather poor prognosis despite receiving standard chemotherapy

==BRCA1/BRCA2==
:''See also page at [[Radiation_Oncology/Breast/Breast_overview#BRCA_Mutations]]''

*'''Multi-institutional; 2010''' {{PMID|20411323}} -- &quot;Local therapy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with operable breast cancer: comparison of breast conservation and mastectomy.&quot; (Pierce LJ, Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Apr 22. [Epub ahead of print])
**Retrospective. Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer. 655 women, BRCA1/2 mutations, diagnosed with breast cancer, treated with BCT (n=302) or mastectomy (n=353)
**Local control: 15-year local failure BCT 23% vs mastectomy 5% (SS). For BCT patients, 30% same quadrant and same histology (true recurrence) vs 70% different quadrant and/or different histology (2nd primary), so true recurrence BCT 7% vs mastectomy 5%. 
**Outcome: Contralateral BCA 23%, same in both arms. BRCA1 had 1.8x higher risk than BRCA2. No difference in 15-year DM rate (11% vs 9%, NS), 15-year CSS (92% vs 93%, NS) or 15-year OS (87% vs 90%, NS)
**Conclusion: Similar survival, however, elevated risk of 2nd in-breast event. Contralateral cancers very common

==Lymphovascular Invasion==
*'''Nottingham, 2006''' {{PMID|16377180}} -- &quot;Prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion in women with lymph node negative invasive breast carcinoma.&quot; (Lee AH, Eur J Cancer. 2006 Feb;42(3):357-62.)
**Retrospective. 2760 women with N0 cancer. Two groups: 990 with no adjuvant therapy (1974-1988), 1765 with selective adjuvant therapy (1988-2000). Median F/U 13 and 6.8 years respectively. 
**LVI: 19% of tumors, associated with larger size, higher grade, younger age
**Conclusion: LVI independent prognostic factor for survival


==Survival==
*'''SEER Data''' -- T1a,bN0 (1988-2001)
**'''10-years; 2007''' {{PMID|17971593}} -- &quot;Overall survival and cause-specific mortality of patients with stage T1a,bN0M0 breast carcinoma.&quot; (Hanrahan EO, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Nov 1;25(31):4952-60.)
***Population study. 51,246 patients. Median age 65 (20-101). Median F/U 5.3 years 
***10-year outcome: all-cause mortality 24%, BCA-specific mortality 4%
***Worse outcome: age &lt;50, high grade, ER-, PR-, &lt;6 LN removed at dissection
***Nomogram constructed


==Follow-Up==
*'''University of Michigan, 2007''' {{PMID|17568031}} -- &quot;Clinical practice. Follow-up of patients with early breast cancer.&quot; (Hayes DF, N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 14;356(24):2505-13.)
**Screening for metastatic recurrence: if asymptomatic - routine clinic visits, no specialized testing or screening. If symptomatic (bone bain, dyspnea, jaundice, neurologic symptoms), then work-up
**Screening for loco-regional recurrence: same as contra-lateral breast
**Screening for new primary cancers: breast - incidence 0.5-1%/year (2X normal), routine annual mammograms; high-resolution ultrasound and MRI controversial; other cancers - routine, age-appropriate screening for colon and cervical cancer
**Symptom management reviewed: hot flashes, sexual dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction
**Long term toxicity reviewed: osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, venous thromboembolism
**Frequency: visits every 4-6 months first year, then annually; mammograms annually; if on tamoxifen monitoring for uterine cancer


==Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence==
*Please see [[Radiation Oncology/Breast/Recurrence|Breast/Recurrence]] for discussion of management option

===IBTR vs New Primary===
*'''Royal Marsden;  2011''' (1986-1998) {{PMID|20471183}} -- &quot;Ipsilateral breast tumor relapse: local recurrence versus new primary tumor and the effect of whole-breast radiotherapy on the rate of new primaries.&quot; (Gujral DM, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Jan 1;79(1):19-25. Epub 2010 May 13.)
**Retrospective. Data from whole breast randomized trials ({{PMID|15878095}}, {{PMID|16750496}}), 1410 women. IBTR classified as definite LR, likely LR, likely NP or definite NP. Definite LR if same quadrant, same histology, and same or higher grade. Definite new primary (NP) if different histology, lower grade and different quadrant. Median F/U 10.1 years
**Outcome: IBTR 10.6% - definite/likely LR 79%, definite/likely NP 18%. Contralateral BTR 5%. Median time-to relapse 3.4 years. Crude rates of ipsilateral new primary 1.9% vs contralateral new primary 5%
**Conclusion: Whole breast RT reduces rate of ipsilateral new primary tumors

===Does IBTR cause distant metastases?===
*{{PMID|1677695}}, 1991 &amp;mdash; &quot;Significance of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence after lumpectomy.&quot; Fisher B et al. Lancet. 1991 Aug 10;338(8763):327-31. 
**Analysis of NSABP B-06 reveals that IPTR is a marker for distant recurrence but is not a cause of distant recurrence. Thus, while mastectomy or RT after lumpectomy prevent the expression of this marker, they do not prevent the occurrence of distant disease.


===Time course to local failure===
:''See also:'' [[Radiation Oncology/Breast/Recurrence#Patterns of failure|Patterns of failure]]
*Recht, 1988 - {{PMID|2841261}} &amp;mdash; &quot;Time-course of local recurrence following conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early stage breast cancer.&quot; Recht A et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988 Aug;15(2):255-61.
**5-year and 10-year local failure rate was 10% and 16%. Risk of recurrence rose to be about 2%/year from 2-1/2 years to 5 years, then fell to 0.5%/year. Median time to recurrence is 38.5 months. Median time to &quot;elsewhere&quot; failures in the breast (i.e. other quadrants) was 64.5 months.</text>
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    <ns>4</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-06T13:19:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore */ reply: {{done}}. (-) ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="12570" sha1="1lk5dokewxcwt7jxogibqywf3qa2s7s" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
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Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

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[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

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:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

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Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

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:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

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:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

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:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
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Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
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== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
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: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
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Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

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        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
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      <text bytes="12822" sha1="737knttdrmvaj9tywvpztbm4ks1m4ms" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
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{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

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:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>737knttdrmvaj9tywvpztbm4ks1m4ms</sha1>
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        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore */ reply ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
      <origin>4669103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13053" sha1="njru0tpugle3l6kn37zxie5anh5bwjz" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
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{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>njru0tpugle3l6kn37zxie5anh5bwjz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669104</id>
      <parentid>4669103</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T13:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore */ reply ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
      <origin>4669104</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13290" sha1="nx9w2gp82fmch040tfkh1esgs81aozb" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
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{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>nx9w2gp82fmch040tfkh1esgs81aozb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669172</id>
      <parentid>4669104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T10:47:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reporting Athoyislam</comment>
      <origin>4669172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13544" sha1="e091bsi7zr4gi4fo3ql8xgxib3hc84r" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
== Athoyislam reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Athoyislam}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Athoyislam/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>e091bsi7zr4gi4fo3ql8xgxib3hc84r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669173</id>
      <parentid>4669172</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T10:48:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reporting Jamal123lll</comment>
      <origin>4669173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13835" sha1="056c8k7z3n39ywtue1bar4c3ejjttc1" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
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|algo = old(14d)
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}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
== Athoyislam reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Athoyislam}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Athoyislam/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
== Jamal123lll reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Jamal123lll}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315402]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jamal123lll/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:48, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>056c8k7z3n39ywtue1bar4c3ejjttc1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669177</id>
      <parentid>4669173</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T10:49:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reporting Idontknowidkh</comment>
      <origin>4669177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14143" sha1="0nlxes14l82ovcg6qrns7rxh83ivsu9" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
== Athoyislam reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Athoyislam}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Athoyislam/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
== Jamal123lll reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Jamal123lll}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315402]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jamal123lll/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:48, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
== Idontknowidkh reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Idontknowidkh}}

online shopping spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315400]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Idontknowidkh/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:49, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0nlxes14l82ovcg6qrns7rxh83ivsu9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669181</id>
      <parentid>4669177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T11:31:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Koavf</username>
        <id>16549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Athoyislam reported by MathXplore */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4669181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14415" sha1="oquexsl9to8xajo2jemh3smyadbm7b9" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
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}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
== Athoyislam reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Athoyislam}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Athoyislam/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:31, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

== Jamal123lll reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Jamal123lll}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315402]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jamal123lll/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:48, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
== Idontknowidkh reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Idontknowidkh}}

online shopping spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315400]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Idontknowidkh/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:49, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>oquexsl9to8xajo2jemh3smyadbm7b9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669182</id>
      <parentid>4669181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T11:32:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Koavf</username>
        <id>16549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Jamal123lll reported by MathXplore */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4669182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14687" sha1="gkpplms7cqrlq1seo02szzq8eur8qax" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315295]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan147]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan142/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:13, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Twenty7incgs reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Twenty7incgs}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315323]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Twenty7incgs/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:14, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Tailleash reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Tailleash}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315318]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Tailleash/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:15, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Md Akash Mia12 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Md Akash Mia12}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315299]], [[Special:AbuseLog/315298]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Md Akash Mia12/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:17, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done|Page deleted}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:03, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Vapesitefiftybar reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Vapesitefiftybar}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315338]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vapesitefiftybar/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:40, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)
== Myteethtime1 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Myteethtime1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Myteethtime1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:54, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} by MarcGarver. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)

== Rajstartupservices reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Rajstartupservices}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315363]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Rajstartupservices/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 14:33, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 19:28, 4 September 2026 (UTC)
== Reazulkarim545456 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Reazulkarim545456}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315377]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Reazulkarim545456/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:39, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:19, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fahmidafy reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fahmidafy}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315378]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fahmidafy/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:40, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: The filter stopped them three times, no action taken. Please re-report if they continue spamming. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Grow spark digital reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Grow spark digital}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315381]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Grow spark digital/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 06:42, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Only one filter hit, seems stale. Please re-report if they continue to spam. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:49, 6 September 2026 (UTC)

== Korigosnacks reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Korigosnacks}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315383]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Korigosnacks/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:32, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
: Stale after only two filter hits and no edits. Please re-report if they spam later. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:56, 6 September 2026 (UTC)
== Athoyislam reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Athoyislam}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Athoyislam/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:31, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

== Jamal123lll reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Jamal123lll}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315402]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jamal123lll/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:48, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:32, 7 September 2026 (UTC)

== Idontknowidkh reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Idontknowidkh}}

online shopping spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315400]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Idontknowidkh/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:49, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>gkpplms7cqrlq1seo02szzq8eur8qax</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669183</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-07T11:33:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Koavf</username>
        <id>16549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Idontknowidkh reported by MathXplore */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4669183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14958" sha1="pwvby61b269k4p0qzftdg7wyzqllxf8" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
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}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== IntoAEC reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|IntoAEC}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/IntoAEC/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 19 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

== CaribbeanMedicalSchools reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|CaribbeanMedicalSchools}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/CaribbeanMedicalSchools/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:16, 26 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:27, 26 August 2026 (UTC)
== Chzoraiz41 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Chzoraiz41}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315229]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Chzoraiz41/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 27 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:17, 27 August 2026 (UTC)
== Gloriagulshan reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Gloriagulshan}}

[[:w:Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kagoz]] ([[Special:Contributions/Tikapara]], [[Wikibooks:Reading_room/Administrative_Assistance/Archives/2025/September#Tikapara_reported_by_MathXplore]]), created page [[Introduction to Filmmaking]] Contributed by Ali Zulfikar Zahedi ([[:w:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]], [[:w:simple:Ali Zulfikar Zahedi]]) &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Gloriagulshan/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 03:56, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:I believe this page is intended as instructional material for learning filmmaking rather than as an encyclopedic article. I will revise the page to focus on practical filmmaking concepts, methods, and processes in accordance with the purpose of Wikibooks. [[User:Gloriagulshan|Gloriagulshan]] ([[User talk:Gloriagulshan|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Gloriagulshan|contribs]]) 04:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
: Cc: {{ping|SHB2000|MarcGarver}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 04:41, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
::I see the account is glocked, and there are no sleepers that aren't already locked, so nothing more to do. [[User:MarcGarver|MarcGarver]] ([[User talk:MarcGarver|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MarcGarver|contribs]]) 11:18, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Atlanticgym reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Atlanticgym}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315249]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Atlanticgym/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:32, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 12:35, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Makowe2026 reported by Veritas Sapientiae ==

* {{userlinks|Makowe2026}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Makowe2026/ --&gt; [[User:Veritas Sapientiae|Veritas Sapientiae]] ([[User talk:Veritas Sapientiae|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Veritas Sapientiae|contribs]]) 13:53, 29 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:20, 29 August 2026 (UTC)
== Abir077 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Abir077}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315272]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Abir077/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:07, 31 August 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:46, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
== Jeevandan26 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Jeevandan26}}
Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315288]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Jeevandan26/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:14, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 13:20, 1 September 2026 (UTC)
== Mohansai00116 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Mohansai00116}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315335]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Mohansai00116/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:09, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:04, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Fatemai6 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Fatemai6}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315329]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Fatemai6/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan147 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan147}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/315327]], [[Special:Contributions/Kamrulhasan142]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Kamrulhasan147/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:12, 2 September 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] /// [[User talk:Codename Noreste|⭐️✨]] 14:05, 3 September 2026 (UTC)

== Kamrulhasan142 reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Kamrulhasan142}}

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      <sha1>pwvby61b269k4p0qzftdg7wyzqllxf8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>141991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669127</id>
      <parentid>4664243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T18:50:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Table of Contents */</comment>
      <origin>4669127</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3299" sha1="qsdfupkhkevi774clf15yxxia5za81n" xml:space="preserve">This book was created on December 7th, 2007 for the purpose of keeping the Wikipedia article on [[w:Vehicle Identification Numbers|VIN]]s under control. It will start off as a consolidation of all VIN-related code tables that were included on Wikipedia.

The final state of this book will most probably consist of the full explanation of VIN-obtainable information, and how to decode said VINs.

{{Info|The term &quot;Vehicle Identification Number&quot; or &quot;VIN&quot;, as used throughout this book means Vehicle Identification Numbers from 1980 onwards.}}

==Table of Contents==
{{Book search}}
{{Print version}}
# [[/Overview/]]
# [[/Vehicle Descriptor Section/]]
## [[/Check digit/]]
# [[/Vehicle Identifier Section/]]
## [[/Model year/]]
# [[/World Manufacturer Identifier (WMI)/]]
# Manufacturer Specific
## [[/Alfa Romeo/VIN Codes/|Alfa Romeo]]
## [[/AM General Hummer/VIN Codes/|AM General Hummer]]
## [[/AMC/VIN Codes/|AMC]]
## [[/Audi/VIN Codes/|Audi]]
## [[/Bugatti/VIN Codes/|Bugatti]]
## [[/Chrysler/VIN Codes/|Chrysler]]
## [[/Daewoo/VIN Codes/|Daewoo]]
## [[/Daihatsu/VIN Codes/|Daihatsu]]
## [[/Ferrari/VIN Codes/|Ferrari]]
## [[/Fiat/VIN Codes/|Fiat]]
## [[/Ford/VIN Codes/|Ford]]
## [[/GM/VIN Codes/|GM]]
## [[/Honda/VIN Codes/|Honda]]
## [[/Hyundai/VIN Codes/|Hyundai]]
## [[/Ineos/VIN Codes/|Ineos]]
## [[/Isuzu/VIN Codes/|Isuzu]]
## [[/KIA/VIN Codes/|KIA]]
## [[/Lamborghini/VIN Codes/|Lamborghini]]
## [[/Lancia/VIN Codes/|Lancia]]
## [[/Land Rover/VIN Codes/|Land Rover]]
## [[/Maserati/VIN Codes/|Maserati]]
## [[/Mazda/VIN Codes/|Mazda]]
## [[/Mercedes-Benz/VIN Codes/|Mercedes-Benz]]
## [[/Mitsubishi/VIN Codes/|Mitsubishi]]
## [[/Nissan/VIN Codes/|Nissan]]
## [[/Peugeot/VIN Codes/|Peugeot]]
## [[/Polestar/VIN Codes/|Polestar]]
## [[/Porsche/VIN Codes/|Porsche]]
## [[/Saab/VIN Codes/|Saab]]
## [[/Smart/VIN Codes/|Smart]]
## [[/Sterling Cars/VIN Codes/|Sterling Cars]]
## [[/Subaru/VIN Codes/|Subaru]]
## [[/Toyota/VIN Codes/|Toyota]]
## [[/Volkswagen/VIN Codes/|Volkswagen]]
## [[/Volvo/VIN Codes/|Volvo]]

== Useful External Links ==
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20051216094334/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1992VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1992 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20051216105759/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1993VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1993 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20050313002327/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1994VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1994 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20050313130026/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1995VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1995 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20051216101119/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1996VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1996 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20130202201019/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1997VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1997 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20060526054000/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1998VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1998 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20061007080134/http://www.aiam.org/vin/1999VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 1999 Vehicle Identification Handbook]
# [http://web.archive.org/web/20060211083930/http://www.aiam.org/vin/2000VINBOOK.pdf AIAM 2000 Vehicle Identification Handbook]

== References ==
{{WikipediaCredit}}

{{Shelves|Transportation}}
{{Alphabetical|V}}
{{status|75%}}</text>
      <sha1>qsdfupkhkevi774clf15yxxia5za81n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>XML - Managing Data Exchange/acord</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>158374</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669158</id>
      <parentid>4661030</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>4669158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23608" sha1="rze2vzps2mkeoy1dens31divzgcajoa" xml:space="preserve">{{XML-MDE|prev=Google earth|next=Glossary}}
{|cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 border=5
|-
|'''Learning objectives'''

* get to know insurance industry's standardization organization
* understand how XML is used in the insurance industry
* realize why industry standards are so important
* comprehend the main aspects of the ACORD XML standard
* learn about the advantages of using ACORD XML

|-
|}


==Introduction==
[http://www.acord.org ACORD] is the '''A'''ssociation for '''C'''ooperative
'''O'''perations '''R'''esearch and '''D'''evelopment.

===Organization===


== ACORD ==
ACORD was founded in 1970 as a standards-setting organization for the insurance industry. As a global non-profit organization, they develop and provide cost saving digital standards for data interchange to reduce paperwork. The goals of their standards are to minimize redundant work and maximize data accuracy; making life far easier for all companies, agents and policyholders [[#References|[1]]].

===Work===

The standards are the result of the work of all members, synchronized by ACORD working groups. Finally the  ACORD Steering Committees will decide, which results would end up as public standards, in coordination with other standardization organizations and governments.

One of the recent standards incorporates the use of XML as a frame for flexible data transmission and interchange. In 2001 XML for P&amp;C and Surety Version 1.0 was approved, in 2002 Version 1.2 was approved [[#References|[1]]].

===XML===

[http://www.w3.org/XML/ XML] provides an open standard, with easy to be made connectivity between [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_Resource_Planning ERP] systems, managment systems, web services, web applications and other related systems. It can be used in business-to-business, customer-to-business and business-to-customer applications.

==Benefits of ACORD XML==

Usually the benefits of XML are across all industries and domains of similar type, but that does not apply to the insurance industry. There you can find unique benefits like  [[#References|[6]]]:

===Partner to Partner Integration===

Common data elements and definitions are necessary to deal with external business partners in this industry. So you need a common language to share data with all actors from the value chain, e.g. reinsurers or intermediaries. By involving this actors in the process of development ACORD designed this common language and data standards.

===Internal Integration===

The Insurance industry requires the separation of communication systems to complete a business process. Furthermore a claim adjuster, who wants to verify coverage or to ensure that the claim's code is correct, needs a system that offers accurate transfer of the claim or policy number. ACORD XML standards are essential to transfer such items from system to system.

===Electronic Data Sharing===

Moreover the data should have a high quality and transparency. Without that it is not possible for carriers to get exposure information in disparate and incompatible formats in order to identify aggregation of exposure across customers and lines of business in an effective way. Reinsurers need high visibility into cedent risk portfolios for extensive exposure analyses.
ACORD data standards support a format that captures and analyzes information and data in multiple formats across partners.

===Web Services===

By reason of Web Services are required for real time integration throughout the transaction processing cycle, ACORD standards realise processes like the integration of back-end systems with an agent portal.

===Document Repository Standards===

A single repository for all risk related information is in general not possible. Due to the fact that consistency across data repositories is very important, ACORD XML standards were established to allow trading partners to share structured and unstructured documents and data also in a variety of third party systems. Therefore Document Repository Interface Standards exist to guarantee access to free format documentation for improving decisions.

===Improved Cash Flow===

By using ACORD XML standards transaction processing is accelerated. Consequently there is a faster access to money or other types of payments.

==Standards==
Following standards allows different companies along the value chain of a market to exchange data with less &quot;frictional losses&quot; that are usually generated by the usage of incompatible data formats. A standard serves as a common communication method to increase efficiency - a lowest common denominator. It is a set of rules and guidelines that provide a common framework for communication.[http://acord.org/Standards/what.aspx] The set of ACORD standards consists of subsets for the 3 main segments of insurance industry. These are:

* Life, Annuity  and Health
* Property and Casualty
* Reinsurance and Large Commercial


By implementing and following ACORD's standard definitions, member companies can achieve ...

* competitive advantages
* end-to-end process support
* easier access to markets
* lower costs, which lead to more profit
* better market acceptance 
* higher performance and enhanced credibility.


As seen in the previous chapters (esp. in [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/XML_-_Managing_Data_Exchange/Introduction_to_XML &quot;Introduction to XML&quot;]) using XML as a means of data exchange is a suitable base for a standard like ACORD. It's flexible enough to be tailored for the usage within different insurance segments but it also offers methods to ensure data quality and the stability of the standard.

==Technical Standardization==
The ACORD standard describes different concepts that can be implemented by a member. The access to the standard's descriptions is partly free, partly limited to ACORD members. It can be found here: [http://www.acord.org/Standards/download_standards.aspx ACORD Standard Descriptions].   

===XML structures===
To ensure the correct form of the transferred data, ACORD provides XML schemas and DTDs for its members. Companies implementing the standard can validate their data against those definitions. The ACORD XML standard is strongly based upon the United Nations [[w:en:EDIFACT|EDIFACT]] standard and expands the standard XML data types with the financial data types used by the [[w:en:Interactive_Financial_Exchange|'''I'''nteractive '''F'''inancial '''E'''xchange]] (IFX). 

ACORD's data types consist partly of those definitions but also expand them with own data types. The data types are used as building blocks for larger entities within the specification:


'''Exhibit 1: XML entities used within the ACORD XML standard'''
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; 
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot; | Entity
! style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot; | Description
|-
| Element
| a base element, based on one or more of the described data types
|- 
| Aggregate
| a collection of corresponding elements, entities or aggregates
|- 
|Entity
| aggregate with the same structure
|- 
|Message
| an aggregate that is used as one entity for communication 
|- 
|Service
| a collection of corresponding messages
|- 
| Document
| a collection of messages that are sent together at the same time  
|}


A detailed description of the technical XML related aspects of the ACORD standard can be obtained for [http://www.acord.org/Standards/propertyxml.aspx Property &amp; Casualty] and for [http://www.acord.org/Standards/lifexml.aspx Life, Annuity &amp; Health].

===XML messages===
The before mentioned data types and structures are used to define messages that can be interchanged between companies implementing the ACORD standard. Different message types are defined within the data model for each insurance segment. The following example shows the messages used within the Reinsurance &amp; Large Commercial segment:


'''Exhibit 2: ACORD XML message types for RLC business'''
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
!style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot; | Message
!style=&quot;background:#efefef;{{Text default color}};&quot; | Description
|-
| Placing
| message for placing obligatory or facultative business 
|-
| Bordereau 
| message between primary insurance and reinsurance company with information about signed risks
|-
| ClaimMovement 
| message for a claim notification
|-
| TechAccount 
| message to exchange accounting data for a treaty 
|-
| Settlement 
| message to exchange settlements
|-
| Acknowledgement
| message to confirm other messages or to request information 
|}

===ACORD message service===
ACORD messages can be exchanged between implementing companies as plain XML files. Additionally the ACORD standard defines a specialized message exchange service. It is based on the  [[w:en:Web_Services_Description_Language|'''W'''eb '''S'''ervice '''D'''escription '''L'''anguage]] (WSDL) to implement the concepts of web services. The messages are send using the [[w:en:SOAP|'''S'''imple '''O'''bject '''A'''ccess '''P'''rotocol]] (SOAP) standard. Following this protocol a message consists of an envelope with the XML root element, a header and a body which both are direct child elements of the envelope. The SOAP envelope only contains structural information, not the message itself. The actual SOAP messages are send as attachments with the message and are referenced within the message body.

Therefore it's possible to enrich the ACORD messages with additional information in PDF or DOC format.


'''Exhibit 3: ACORD message service structure '''

[[Image:ACORD_Messages.jpg]]

===Examples===
To provide an impression of the complexity of ACORD's XML standard definitions, following a small excerpt (only some lines of more than 5.000 per XML schema file / DTD) of the Reinsurance &amp; Large Commercial segment's XML schema and DTD files are presented:


'''Exhibit 4: Excerpt from the RLC XML schema'''
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;!--

This is the ACORD Reinsurance and Large Commercial Business Message specification's 

**** version 2007-1 Schema **** 

Generated: May 10, 2007                                                        

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:
(c) 2001-2007 ACORD.  All Rights Reserved.

IMPORTANT NOTE:  Please be advised that this document and your use of it is governed, and 
you are bound, by the Terms and Conditions of Use accessible at [http://legal.acord.org/terms.pdf].

--&gt;
&lt;xs:schema xmlns:xs=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.ACORD.org/standards/Jv-Ins-Reinsurance/2007-1&quot; 
xmlns:ac=&quot;http://www.ACORD.org/Standards/AcordMsgSvc/1&quot; targetNamespace=&quot;http://www.ACORD.org/standards/Jv-Ins-Reinsurance/2007-1&quot; 
elementFormDefault=&quot;qualified&quot; attributeFormDefault=&quot;unqualified&quot; version=&quot;2007-1&quot;&gt;
        &lt;xs:import namespace=&quot;http://www.ACORD.org/Standards/AcordMsgSvc/1&quot; schemaLocation=&quot;Acord-Repository_v-1-3-0-RLC-Slice.xsd&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;!--******************--&gt;
	&lt;!--2007-1 MRs applied--&gt;
	&lt;!--******************--&gt;
	&lt;!--MR1: Add CedentBuildReference, BrokerBuildReference, ReinsurerBuildReference, InsurerBuildReference, 
         ServiceProviderBuildReference and PlacingExchangeBuildReference elements to Contract --&gt;
	&lt;!--MR10: Change DeductibleNumberOfLines, CoverageNumberOfLines, ReinsurerShareNumberOfLines, InsurerShareNumberOfLines, 
         ReinsurerWrittenNumberOfLines, InsurerWrittenNumberOfLines to become decimal numbers instead of integers--&gt;
	&lt;!--MR11: Add ExpenseIndicator element to IndividualClaimAmtItem--&gt;
	&lt;!--MR20: Add ProcessingInstructions/SettlementChannel to ContractMarket--&gt;
	&lt;!----&gt;
	&lt;!--******************************************************--&gt;
	&lt;!--Start of Jv-Ins-Reinsurance base data types --&gt;
	&lt;!--******************************************************--&gt;
	&lt;!--Character is equated to the xs:string Schema base type--&gt;
	&lt;!--URL is equated to the xs:anyURI Schema base type--&gt;
	&lt;!--Attributes are validated against the xs:NMTOKEN Schema base type--&gt;
	&lt;xs:simpleType name=&quot;FlexibleDate_Type&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:annotation&gt;
			&lt;xs:documentation&gt;JAG type&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
		&lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
		&lt;xs:union memberTypes=&quot;xs:date xs:gYearMonth xs:gYear&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
	&lt;xs:simpleType name=&quot;FlexibleDate1_Type&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:annotation&gt;
			&lt;xs:documentation&gt;JAG type restriction 1 : Year only not admitted - Default in RLC&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
		&lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
		&lt;xs:union memberTypes=&quot;xs:date xs:gYearMonth&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
	&lt;xs:simpleType name=&quot;FlexibleDateTime_Type&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:annotation&gt;
			&lt;xs:documentation&gt;JAG type&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
		&lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
		&lt;xs:union memberTypes=&quot;xs:date xs:dateTime xs:gYearMonth xs:gYear&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
	&lt;xs:simpleType name=&quot;FlexibleDateTime1_Type&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:annotation&gt;
			&lt;xs:documentation&gt;JAG type restriction 1 : Year only not admitted&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
		&lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
		&lt;xs:union memberTypes=&quot;xs:date xs:dateTime xs:gYearMonth&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
	&lt;xs:simpleType name=&quot;FlexibleDateTime2_Type&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:annotation&gt;
			&lt;xs:documentation&gt;JAG type restriction 2 : Year only and YearMonth only not admitted&lt;/xs:documentation&gt;
		&lt;/xs:annotation&gt;
		&lt;xs:union memberTypes=&quot;xs:date xs:dateTime&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;/xs:simpleType&gt;
	&lt;xs:complexType name=&quot;StartDateType&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:simpleContent&gt;
			&lt;xs:extension base=&quot;FlexibleDate1_Type&quot;&gt;
				&lt;xs:attribute name=&quot;DateIndicator&quot; type=&quot;xs:NMTOKEN&quot;/&gt;
			&lt;/xs:extension&gt;
		&lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt;
	&lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
	&lt;xs:complexType name=&quot;EndDateType&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:simpleContent&gt;
			&lt;xs:extension base=&quot;FlexibleDate1_Type&quot;&gt;
				&lt;xs:attribute name=&quot;DateIndicator&quot; type=&quot;xs:NMTOKEN&quot;/&gt;
			&lt;/xs:extension&gt;
		&lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt;
	&lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
	&lt;xs:complexType name=&quot;StartDateTimeType&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:simpleContent&gt;
			&lt;xs:extension base=&quot;FlexibleDateTime2_Type&quot;&gt;
				&lt;xs:attribute name=&quot;DateIndicator&quot; type=&quot;xs:NMTOKEN&quot;/&gt;
			&lt;/xs:extension&gt;
		&lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt;
	&lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
	&lt;xs:complexType name=&quot;EndDateTimeType&quot;&gt;
		&lt;xs:simpleContent&gt;
			&lt;xs:extension base=&quot;FlexibleDateTime2_Type&quot;&gt;
				&lt;xs:attribute name=&quot;DateIndicator&quot; type=&quot;xs:NMTOKEN&quot;/&gt;
			&lt;/xs:extension&gt;
		&lt;/xs:simpleContent&gt;
	&lt;/xs:complexType&gt;

.
.
.

	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;WrittenDateTime&quot; type=&quot;FlexibleDateTime2_Type&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;XplClauseIndicator&quot; type=&quot;XplClauseIndicatorType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;!--**************************************************************--&gt;
	&lt;!--End of Jv-Ins-Reinsurance elements--&gt;
	&lt;!--**************************************************************--&gt;
	&lt;!--The Message aggregates included in this schema are generic and contain the child elements allowed in each message.  
         Where a child element is itself an aggregate, this does NOT mean that ALL elements of that child aggregate are 
         available for use in a particular message.

         The ACORD RLC Data dictionary and Implementation guides give details of the restrictions placed on the use of all 
         elements and further information can also be found in the individual templates for each message. These templates are 
         XML files listing all tags available for each message and can be viewed with any XML editor or viewer. 
 
         The respective message aggregates are as shown in the section &quot;Jv-Ins-Reinsurance root and transaction elements&quot; 
         table below.  The templates themselves can be downloaded from the ACORD web site www.ACORD.org along with the standard 
         documentation.--&gt;
	&lt;!-- 
*****************************************************************
*  Jv-Ins-Reinsurance root and Message elements   *
*****************************************************************
--&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;Jv-Ins-Reinsurance&quot; type=&quot;Jv-Ins-ReinsuranceType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;Acknowledgement&quot; type=&quot;AcknowledgementType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;Bordereau&quot; type=&quot;BordereauType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;ClaimMovement&quot; type=&quot;ClaimMovementType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;Codes&quot; type=&quot;CodesType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;Placing&quot; type=&quot;PlacingType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;Settlement&quot; type=&quot;SettlementType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;xs:element name=&quot;TechAccount&quot; type=&quot;TechAccountType&quot;/&gt;
	&lt;!--End of Jv-Ins-Reinsurance root and transaction elements--&gt;
&lt;/xs:schema&gt;
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;


'''Exhibit 5: Excerpt from the RLC DTD'''
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;
&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
&lt;!-- edited with XMLSpy v2006 rel. 3 sp2 (http://www.altova.com) by Serge Cayron (ACORD Corp.) --&gt;
&lt;!--
This is the ACORD Reinsurance and Large Commercial Business Message specification's 

**** version 2007-1 DTD **** 

Generated: May 10, 2007                                                        

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:
(c) 2001-2007 ACORD.  All Rights Reserved.

IMPORTANT NOTE:  Please be advised that this document and your use of it is governed, and you are bound, by the Terms 
and Conditions of Use accessible at [http://legal.acord.org/terms.pdf].
   
*******************************************************************************************
*                                Formal Public Identifier                                               
*                                                                                                                
*      &quot;-//ACORD//DTD JV Ins-Reinsurance Version 2007-1//EN&quot;                       
********************************************************************************************

IMPORTANT NOTE: From the 2005-2 release, the RLC XML Schema is able to validate messages that include custom extensions, 
using a standard method. The DTD file does NOT support the same functionality.  The user of a DTD should be aware that 
it will not be possible to use the DTD to validate messages that use the standard extension method. --&gt;
&lt;!--******************--&gt;
&lt;!--2007-1 MRs applied--&gt;
&lt;!--******************--&gt;
&lt;!--MR1: Add CedentBuildReference, BrokerBuildReference, ReinsurerBuildReference, InsurerBuildReference, 
 ServiceProviderBuildReference and PlacingExchangeBuildReference elements to Contract --&gt;
&lt;!--MR10: Change DeductibleNumberOfLines, CoverageNumberOfLines, ReinsurerShareNumberOfLines, InsurerShareNumberOfLines, 
 ReinsurerWrittenNumberOfLines, InsurerWrittenNumberOfLines to become decimal numbers instead of integers--&gt;
&lt;!--MR11: Add ExpenseIndicator element to IndividualClaimAmtItem--&gt;
&lt;!--MR20: Add ProcessingInstructions/SettlementChannel to ContractMarket--&gt;
&lt;!--
************************************************
*  Common Entities in alphabetical order *
************************************************
 --&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % PARTY &quot;Party, Contact?, Address?&quot;&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % PARTYXT &quot;((Party, FullNameAndAddress?) | FullNameAndAddress), Contact?, Address?, OperationsDescription?&quot;&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % PERILS &quot;Peril+&quot;&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % PERIOD &quot;StartDate?, EndDate?, TimeDuration?&quot;&gt;
&lt;!ENTITY % REPORTING &quot;Description?, ReportDue?, ProvisionFrequency?, AnnualAsOfDate?&quot;&gt;
&lt;!-- 
*****************************
*  Data typing elements  *
*****************************
 --&gt;
&lt;!-- Currency amount --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT Amt (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST Amt
	Ccy NMTOKEN #REQUIRED
	Share (cedent_share | contract_ceded | hundred_percent | receiver_share | reinsurer_share) #IMPLIED
	CcyIndic (reference_currency | target_currency | original_currency) #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!-- Integer --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT Count (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT StartDate (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST StartDate
	DateIndicator NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT EndDate (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST EndDate
	DateIndicator NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!-- Date and time --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT StartDateTime (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST StartDateTime
	DateIndicator NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT EndDateTime (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST EndDateTime
	DateIndicator NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!-- Decimal --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT Dec (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!-- Period identification - Integer--&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT PeriodNbr (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST PeriodNbr
	PeriodIndicator NMTOKEN #REQUIRED
&gt;
&lt;!-- Rate --&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT Rate (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST Rate
	RateUnit NMTOKEN #REQUIRED
&gt;
&lt;!-- Time duration --&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST TimeDuration
	PeriodType NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
	PeriodIndicator NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;

.
.
.

&lt;!ATTLIST TimeDuration
	PeriodType NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
	PeriodIndicator NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TimeRelation (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TimeZone (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TotalLossIndicator (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT Townclass (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ATTLIST Townclass
	Agency NMTOKEN #IMPLIED
&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TransactionReasonDescription (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TransactionResponseReason (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT TreatyFac (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT URL (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UUId (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UnderwritingManager (%PARTY;)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UnderwritingManagerRiskReference (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UnderwritingYear (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UnearnedPremiumCalculationPeriod (%PERIOD;)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UnearnedPremiumReserveProfitCommissionPercentage (Rate)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT USARiskClassification ((RiskClass, RiskClassDescription?) | RiskClassDescription)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT UserId (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT ValueAddedTaxRating (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT ValueDate (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT VesselName (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT VesselOrConveyanceDescription (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT Voyage (DepartureDateTime?, LoadingOrEmbarkationDate?, DepartureLocation?, DestinationLocation?)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WebApplication (URL?, UserId?)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WebSiteURL (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WholesaleBrokerageAmount (Amt+)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WholesaleBrokeragePercentage (Rate)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WithdrawalDate (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WithdrawalPercentage (Rate)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WorkersCompensationState (Subentity)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WorkersCompensationStateDescription (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT WrittenDateTime (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;!ELEMENT XplClauseIndicator (#PCDATA)&gt;
&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

===Certification===
To ensure data quality and member's compliance with the proposed standards ACORD offers a special certification program. ACORD members can send their XML messages to ACORD. There the messages are validated in 2 steps:

#Automatic Validation against the standard's XML schema and DTD files
#Validation of the sent data by a human for plausibility which goes beyond the automatical, technical consistency check

==Members==
World's largest insurance companies and insurance related businesses are ACORD members: &quot;Over 70% of the top 10 and 60% of the top 25 Life &amp; Annuity carriers; Over 75% of the top 50 Property &amp; Casualty carriers; and 70% of the top 10 Reinsurers, as well as the Top 5 reinsurance brokers representing 80% of the top 20's gross revenue.&quot;[http://acord.org/about/ourmembers.aspx] The following list shows just some of them:

* Allianz Insurance
* Allstate
* Hannover Re
* AXA 
* Benfield
* ING Group
* MetLife
* Munich Re
* Zurich Insurance Group

For a complete list have a look at the [https://www.acord.org/membership/Pages/OurMembers.aspx ACORD Memberlist].

==References==
Sources:

* [1] [http://www.acord.org ACORD Website]
* [2] [http://www.marketreform.co.uk/ Market Reform Group]
* [3] [http://www.ifxforums.org IFX Forum]
* [4] [http://ebus.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/www/media/lehre/dud/dud050926-gericke.pdf University of Leipzig]
* [5] [http://www.sap.info/public/DE/de/index/Category-28943c61b1e60d84b-de/0/articlesVersions-3160846d7f034e8881 SAP INFO]
* [6] [http://www.acord.org/webfiles/AuthoringDocuments/453/ACORD_XBRL_WhitePaper_Feb05.pdf ACORD White Paper]

==Summary==
{| style=&quot;background:linen;{{Text default color}}; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1em; width: 100%;&quot;
|- 
| In the previous chapter you have learned about the insurance industry's standard for electronical data exchange. It's maintained by a nonprofit organization called ACORD and defines data models for the main insurance segments. The main concepts of the ACORD XML standard are:

* a set of XML schemas and DTDs to ensure the content, structure and &quot;quality&quot; of the sent XML streams
* a set of XML messages for different business cases
* the ACORD message service for exchanging enriched XML data based on WSDL and SOAP
|-
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wing Chun Forms/Chum Kiu</title>
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    <id>165890</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
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      <text bytes="15380" sha1="nmdhtj1njdvfm5d9n6yoo6450sl7rj0" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;margin:0px 0px 10px 10px;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/div&gt;
Chum Kiu's major new feature is legwork. It demonstrates moving to an opponent, turning to face an opponent, and kicking.

==Opening==
In this part you learn the proper height and width of your stance.

===Applications===
The Ving Tsun basic stance is not a fighting posture&amp;mdash;unless you fight with your hands in your armpits&amp;mdash;but does demonstrate most of the basics that go into a proper fighting posture. Your weight is balanced in all directions, and you are ready to move in any direction. Your feet are far enough apart that you can't be pushed over easily. With your knees together you can protect your groin against kicks and knees. Your torso is upright and your are looking straight ahead. Your hands are up high enough that it takes some effort to keep them there. Even though they aren't doing anything useful right now, you have to pay attention to keep your hands in position.

===Training Tips===
Perform the form with the &quot;warrior mind&quot;. Think of how to apply each move. Imagine an attack coming and picture yourself blocking it. Most importantly, don't simply go through the form's motions while you're thinking about work or your favorite TV show.

Once you find your proper posture, keep your legs and torso in position throughout the form. Only your arms move in Siu Nim Tau.

===Notes===
The opening, centerline, and punch sections are the same as in Siu Nim Tau. They are repeated in Chum Kiu to emphasize their importance.

#Start by standing straight with your head up, feet together, toes pointing forward, and hands at your sides. It's a loose position of attention.
#Raise your arms forward, keeping them straight, until they are at shoulder level. Form your hands into loose fists.
#Bring your hands back to the &quot;rest&quot; position, with your fists alongside your chest and almost up to your armpits. The elbows are pointing straight back and the forearms are level with the ground. Keep your torso upright throughout.
#While you are moving your arms back, get your legs into the horse stance. Bend your knees. Point your toes out, then swing your heels out. Your feet should be shoulder width apart when you are done, with the toes pointing inward. When you are in horse stance, your weight is evenly balanced left and right and forward and back. Your knees are slightly together.

==Establish Centerline==
#Double gahn sau, stopping with wrists together centered in front of your body. Wrists should be near waist level. left wrist in front of R.
#Without separating wrists, raise and rotate arms to chest level, palms up. left wrist on top of right.
#Return hands to rest position.

==Centerline Punch==
#Bring left fist to the center of your chest, about a fist and a half in front of the chest. Knuckles are up-and-down, with the wrist slightly cocked so the pinky, ring, and middle knuckles form a flat hitting surface. Keep arm muscles relaxed.
#Punch forward with the left hand. Hand moves straight forward, directly in front of your breastbone and a little below shoulder height. Punch quickly but keep your arm relaxed until the last six inches of the punch, then snap the hand forward with power.
#Open the hand. Circle the hand around, then return to the rest position.
#Repeat with the right hand.

==Turning==
Face opponents in different directions. Move your hands to attack and defend in the new centerline.

#Thrust both hands out to North in a double Jong Sau.
#*''Application'': Jong Sau can block an incoming strike simply by putting your arm where your opponent needs to put his arm.
#*''Application'': You wouldn't use both hands in a double Jong Sau in a fight. Doubled hands are purely for the form.
#Bring forearms in so left lies atop right. Shift left to face West, then shift right to face East, then shift left to face West again.
#*''Tip'': Don't turn too far when making side elbow strikes. Practice with your back against a wall as you shift with the elbow strikes; when your upper arm hits the wal you have the correct amount of shifting.
#*''Application'': Both the upper arm and the forearm sides of the elbow can be used in striking.
#*''Application'': Elbow strikes are very close range attacks. Especially when you have a new opponent coming in from the side, avoid letting him get so close before turning to deal with him.
#Shoot both hands to West in a double Biu Sau. Pause, then turn left hand palm up to a Tok Sau and slap right palm down on left forearm. Repeat with right Tok Sau, then repeat again with left Tok Sau. Perform three Spade Hands, Left-Right-Left. The hand not doing a spade hand should be in a rear-guard position.
#*''Tip'': You can shoot your hands out in Biu Sau, Jong Sau, or Spade Hand. Any of these will demonstrate the concept of the move in the form. If you have an instructor, go with his preference, of course.
#Shift to face East, bringing right arm up in a side elbow strike. Fingers should be pointed. Left hand goes to rest position.
#*''Tip'': Shift with power.
#*''Application'': The elbow strike is a very short-range attack, so it's better to notice and respond to an opponent before he gets so close.
#Bring left hand up near right shoulder, hand open. Look North then shift to face North, bringing right arm up into a North-facing Bong Sau and left hand in Wu Sau.
#Repeat the previous two moves twice.
#With the right hand, make a grabbing motion as if grabbing the opponent's collar, then pull right hand to right armpit while punching to East with left hand.
#Shift left to face West, drawing left hand in to right shoulder before whipping it out to West.
#Shift right to face North, bringing left hand into centerline with Jut Sau.
#Brush right hand along left arm while bringing left hand back to rest position. Right hand ends with fingers thrusting to opponent's throat. Turn right hand palm up, Huen Sau, then bring right hand back to rest position.
#Repeat the section to the other side.

==Move and Defend==
#Bring left hand up near right shoulder. Shift left to face West, bringing left elbow up to shoulder height and then outward so upper arm points straight to the West. Weight is mostly on the right leg. left leg is turned slightly inward. left forarm is horizontal and points North, and left wrist and hand are straight, with fingers pointing North.
#*''Application'': Bringing the left hand up is not a fighting move. It serves only to bring the elbow forward from its rest position.
#*''Application'': When fighting, put the right hand in a guard position to protect ribs and abdomen.
#*''Application'': Forward leg is turned inward to protect against kicks to the knee or groin.
#*''Application'': Elbow strikes are very powerful. Elbows are a short ranged attack, so protecting your vitals is important.
#Forward kick to the West with left foot. As foot comes down, turn head to face North. Bring right arm up into North-facing Bong Sau and left hand into Wu Sau to protect right ribs. Shuffle right foot slightly to the West to regain proper West-facing posture.
#*''Application'': Kicking in one direction and blocking in another shows a way to fight multiple opponents.
#*''Application'': Stepping West while blocking North shows how to step away from an attack. A Bong Sau done in this way would deflect a punch into the direction that you're stepping. TODO
#*''Application'': Wing Chun kicks have a lot of power behind them. Kicking West and then stepping West demonstrates advancing to the opponent to keep him in attack range.
#Let arms relax so hands are together, palm up, near right hip. Shuffle step to West, bringing right arm up into North-facing Bong Sau and left hand up into Wu Sau near right ribs.
#*''Tip'': What to do with your hands when relaxing varies between instructors
#Let arms relax so hands are together, palm up, near right hip. Shuffle step to West, bringing right arm up into North-facing Bong Sau and left hand up into Wu Sau near right ribs.
#Bring right fist into uppercut to West while bringing left hand back to rest position. Shift to face North, bringing right hand into Jong Sau. Whisk left hand over the top of right arm while pulling right hand back to rest position. Left hand continues North into a finger strike to the throat.
#*''Application'': After dealing with the opponent to the West, shift to deal with an opponent in a new direction. This establishes a new centerline and you should move your hands into centerline.
#*''Application'': Jong Sau is one of many ways to bring a hand to a new centerline. It works in this instance because the right hand is slightly high from the uppercut. The Bil Jie form shows many ways to leave and return to centerline.
#Left hand turns palm up, then Huen Sau and pull back to rest position.
#Repeat this section in the other direction. You should end up in the same spot you started from.

==Move and Attack==
Move into range to attack an opponent.

#Shift to face West. Forward kick with left leg, about waist-high, keeping your hands in rest position. Plant your left foot forward (to West) with knee turned in. At the same time, move both hands into a double low Bong Sau facing West.
#*''Tip'': Practice keeping your leading knee turned in slightly as you move around.
#*''Application'': When you kick, you normally keep your hands up to block if your kick doesn't work.
#*''Application'': The turned-in knee protects your crotch from snap kicks and somewhat protects the knee from straight kicks.
#Pull hands back from the low Bong Sau, shuffle-step forward (to West) and push hands out into a double Tan Sau. Repeat the Bong, Tan, Bong, Tan moves, shuffle-stepping with each block.
#*''Application'': As is almost always the case, you won't use two Tan Saus or two Bong Saus together. Most likely you would block with one hand while closing and either punch or perform a secondary move with the other hand. For instance, you might use Bong Sau to block a punch as you advance, then grab the opponent's punching arm with a Lop Sau and punch as you continue to advance.
#Starting with hands in double Tan Sau, turn hands to face down into a Biu Sau, with fingers still pointing to West. At the same time, take a small step forward with left foot. Bring right foot up to left foot, moving body forward but keeping hands in place. Drop wrists and elbows so palms are facing West. Thrust both hands to West in a double palm strike, then bring hands back to rest position.
#*''Application'': Use a double Palm Strike or Po Pai Chun to push an opponent away.
#*''Application'': Bringing your feet together is only for the form, as a set up for the turn which follows. This is not a good idea in a fight.
#Turn around to face East by placing left toe tip behind right foot and then pivoting on left toe and right heel. End up in the same position but facing the other way.
#*''Tip'': This move is the same as a military About Face.
#Forward kick with right leg, about waist-high, keeping your hands in rest position. Plant your right foot forward (to East) with knee turned in. At the same time, move both hands into a double low Bong Sau facing East.
#Pull hands back from the low Bong Sau, shuffle-step forward (to East) and push hands out into a double Tan Sau. Repeat the Bong, Tan, Bong, Tan moves, shuffle-stepping with each block.
#Starting with hands in double Tan Sau, turn hands to face down into a Biu Sau, with fingers still pointing to East. At the same time, take a small step forward with right foot. Bring left foot up to right foot, moving body forward but keeping hands in place. Drop wrists and elbows so palms are facing East. Thrust both hands to East in a double palm strike, then bring hands back to rest position.
#Look over left shoulder to West, then perform a side/rear kick to West. Plant left foot a shoulder width to the West of your right foot, toes angled right (NE) so you're shifted to the right. As the left foot comes down, left hand comes down to a Gum Sau. Shift left (NW), simultaneously bringing left hand up to Wu Sau and performing Gum Sau with right hand. Shift right (NE), simultaneously bringing right hand up to Wu Sau and performing Gum Sau with left hand.
#*''Tip'': For purposes of the form, keep your hands in rest position during the kick.
#*''Application'': Keep your hands up during a kick. If you miss, you'll want to be able to block whatever's coming your way. When doing a side kick, a Bong Sau or Muen Sau on the kicking side puts your arm in a good position. Bring the other hand into a low Wu Sau to protect the abdomen and short ribs.
#Shift to North. Perform center punch left - right - left.
#*''Application'': Wing Chun is not geared towad one powerful punch dropping an opponent. Instead, the focus is on avoiding or diverting his attacks while wearing him down with multiple strikes of your own.

==Closing==
Bring your hands back from punching position and cross your wrists in front of your chest. Continue bringing your fists back, up, and forward, dropping your elbows as you do so. Bring your fists back to the rest position. At the same time straighten your legs, bring your left foot to the right, and push your hands down past your hips. You will end up in a loose position of attention, the same as the starting position and a few inches to the right.

==Training Tips==
In this form we introduce the compass to tell you what way to face. Unless indicated otherwise, you start the form facing North.

==Key Points==
;Shifting
:Shifting is turning without changing your feet's location. A main purpose is to let an attack slip past you without hitting you. When you combine a soft block such as a Tan Sau with a shift, you can use minimal energy to steer your opponent's punch outside your shoulder, causing him to waste all of his energy. Shifting moves your centerline only a little, but it makes you narrower. Shifting also lets you turn to face your opponent if he moves, or to face a new opponent. Finally, shifting adds power and reach to a punch or palm strike.
;Stepping
:Stepping means moving your feet to change your position. (That should be obvious from the name, but I'm distinguishing from shifting.) Stepping in Wing Chun is normally used to move closer to or away from an opponent or to side-step a rushing attack. You can step straight in any direction. The first foot to move is the one already leading in the direction you're going. Make sure not to cross your feet. That is, don't walk normally.
;Distance
:The distance to your opponent determines what kind of attack to use. Side kicks and finger strikes are long-range attacks, front kicks and straight punches have slightly shorter range, palm strikes are shorter still, and elbows and knees have very short range. Conversely, the distance restricts your opponent's possible attacks. You can step forward and backward to adjust the distance to your liking.
;Coordination of hands and feet
:Learning the proper timing of your hands and feet lets you add power to strikes and avoid throwing off your own balance.
;Kicking
:Wing Chun kicking attacks are powerful stamping kicks. There are no fancy angles or snaps. Just bring your knee up (&quot;chambering&quot;) and stamp out with the sole of your foot as if you are kicking open a door. Kicks can go to the front, to the side, or to the rear. The rear kick has the same mechanics as the side kick.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nmdhtj1njdvfm5d9n6yoo6450sl7rj0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wing Chun Forms/Bil Jie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>165891</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669160</id>
      <parentid>3268238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T09:03:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>4669160</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14731" sha1="opy88isjf089ht9liz01ocrefe8veg4" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;margin:0px 0px 10px 10px;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/div&gt;
Bil Jie demonstrates the paired concepts of leaving centerline and returning. It introduces many new techniques, many of which are more dangerous than the techniques in Siu Nim Tau or Chum Kiu.

Bil Jie is the third and last of the traditional Wing Chun forms. Like Siu Nim Tau and Chum Kiu, Bil Jie is a textbook, teaching both principles and techniques. (The three remaining forms teach and practice techniques, but not principles.)

The core principle of Bil Jie is leaving and returning to centerline. The key techniques are more lethal attacks.

Some instructors, the more traditional ones, regard Bil Jie as secret, to be revealed only to special students who have been chosen to receive the full Wing Chun training and carry on the lineage. If you suspect your instructor is one of these, be careful in revealing any Bil Jie knowledge.

==Opening==
In this part you learn the proper height and width of your stance.

===Applications===
The Wing Chun basic stance is not a fighting posture&amp;mdash;unless you fight with your hands in your armpits&amp;mdash;but does demonstrate most of the basics that go into a proper fighting posture. Your weight is balanced in all directions, and you are ready to move in any direction. Your feet are far enough apart that you can't be pushed over easily. With your knees together you can protect your groin against kicks and knees. Your torso is upright and your are looking straight ahead. Your hands are up high enough that it takes some effort to keep them there. Even though they aren't doing anything useful right now, you have to pay attention to keep your hands in position. See the Chum Kiu form's write-up for for discussion of stances.

===Training Tips===
Once you find your proper posture, keep your legs and torso in position throughout the form. Only your arms move in Siu Nim Tau.

#Start by standing straight with your head up, feet together, toes pointing forward, and hands at your sides. It's a loose position of attention.
#Raise your arms forward, keeping them straight, until they are at shoulder level. Form your hands into loose fists.
#Bring your hands back to the &quot;rest&quot; position, with your fists alongside your chest and almost up to your armpits. The elbows are pointing straight back and the forearms are level with the ground. Keep your torso upright throughout.
#While you are moving your arms back, get your legs into the horse stance. Bend your knees. Point your toes out, then swing your heels out. Your feet should be shoulder width apart when you are done, with the toes pointing inward. When you are in horse stance, your weight is evenly balanced left and right and forward and back. Your knees are slightly together.

==Punches==
#Circle Step inside to outside with left leg. End in the same position as you started.
#*''Tip'': Practice with the floor dummy to build speed and power with circle steps.
#*''Application'': Get closer to an opponent, going around his forward leg.
#*''Application'': Break down the opponent's footing by folding or breaking his knee, or at least by limiting his forward leg's mobility.
#*''Application'': Go around an opponent. If you are between multiple opponents, usually it's best to move around one and put him in the middle. This is not expressly shown in the form, as Bil Jie keeps you in one place.
#Repeat with the right leg.
#Punch with the left hand straight from the rest position to centerline.
#*''Tip'': Practice all of the Siu Nim Tau punch training tips with the Bil Jie punch.
#*''Application'': Attack from off centerline. If your opponent is protecting centerline, an angle punch may go around his defense rather than through them.
#*''Application'': If your hand is off centerline, an angle punch may be quicker than bringing your hand in before punching.
#Open fist so palm is facing right and fingers are pointing forward. Jerk wrist up and then down three times. Turn palm down and jerk wrist left and then right three times.
#*''Tip'': Strengthen your wrists.
#*''Tip'': Strengthen and toughen your fingertips.
#*''Application'': Wrist block
#*''Application'': Shooting fingers
#Left hand palm up, Huen Sau, and return to rest position.
#Repeat punch, wrist action, and return with the right hand.

==Bil Jie Elbows (technique)==
#Circle Step with the left leg, inside to out. Circle Step with the right leg, inside to out.
#*''Tip'': Move your leg quickly and energetically, especially on the forward arc. This helps you gain surprise and momentum when stepping close to an opponent and breaking down his leg structure.
#*''Application'': Elbow strikes are a very short-ranged attack. You will have to get close to your target. Circle steps are used to get around an opponent's forward leg.
#*''Application'': The motion of the circle step can also be an attack against the opponent's forward knee.
#Bil Jie Elbow with right arm to the left. Shift left with the strike so you are facing West.
#*''Tip'': The left arm stays in rest position to make the motion of the Bil Jie Elbow clear.
#*''Tip'': Lean back slightly as your elbow goes overhead. This helps the arc stay vertical rather than a high horizontal.
#Bil Jie Elbow with left arm to the right. Shift right so you are facing East.
#Bil Jie Elbow with right arm to the left. Wu Sau with left hand under the right armpit to protect the ribs. Shift left so you are facing West.
#Thrust the left hand straight out to the West in a Biu Jie Sau. Thrust the right hand straight out to the West in a Biu Jie Sau. Step forward with the right foot so your feet are together, at the same time bringing hands to rest position.
#Circle step with the right foot inward to outward and shift to North, ending with the right foot somewhat to the right. Circle step with the left foot outward to inward, ending in the Wing Chun basic stance.
#*''Tip'': You should end this section in the same position as you began it.
#Repeat the elbow strikes and the closing circle steps in the opposite direction.

==Bil Jie Elbows (power)==
The Bil Jie Elbow is a very powerful strike. It will not usually be necessary to strike repeatedly with it.

#Circle Step with the left leg, inside to out. Circle Step with the right leg, inside to out.
#*''Tip'': Move your leg quickly and energetically, especially on the forward arc. This helps you gain surprise and momentum when stepping close to an opponent and breaking down his leg structure.
#*''Application'': Elbow strikes are a very short-ranged attack. You will have to get close to your target. Circle steps are used to get around an opponent's forward leg.
#*''Application'': The motion of the circle step can also be an attack against the opponent's forward knee.
#Bil Jie Elbow with right arm to the left. Wu Sau with left hand under the right armpit to protect the ribs. Shift left so you are facing West.
#Thrust the left hand straight out to the West in a Biu Jie Sau. Thrust the right hand straight out to the West in a Biu Jie Sau. Step forward with the right foot so your feet are together, at the same time bringing hands to rest position.
#Circle step with the right foot inward to outward and shift to North, ending with the right foot somewhat to the right. Circle step with the left foot outward to inward, ending in the Wing Chun basic stance.
#*''Tip'': You should end this section in the same position as you began it.
#Repeat the elbow strikes and the closing circle steps in the opposite direction.

==High==
#Shift left to face West while performing a Bil Jie elbow with right arm to the West. Left hand comes up to protect ribs.
#Right hand draws up and back until it is in Spade Hand position near right ear. Left hand shoots out to West in Biu Sau.
#Right hand shoots forward in Spade Hand to the West. Left hand performs a grabbing motion, then draws back to rest position.
#Shift North while right hand sweeps down and continues up into Muen Sau to the East.
#Right hand returns to North centerline with a Jut Sau.
#Left hand brushes along the top of the right arm and continues into an eye strike, while right hand returns to rest position. Left hand turns palm up, Huen Sau, return to rest position.
#Repeat in the opposite direction.

==Medium==
#Shift left to face West while performing a Bil Jie elbow with right arm to the West. Left hand comes up to protect ribs.
#Right hand draws down and back until it is in Side Palm position near right shoulder. Left hand shoots out to West in Biu Sau.
#Right hand shoots forward in rib-level Side Palm Strike to the West. Left hand performs a grabbing motion, then draws back to rest position.
#Shift North while right hand sweeps down and continues up into Muen Sau to the East.
#Right hand returns to North centerline with a Jut Sau.
#Left hand brushes along the top of the right arm and continues into an eye strike, while right hand returns to rest position. Left hand turns palm up, Huen Sau, return to rest position.
#Repeat in the opposite direction.

==High-low Blocking==
#Shift left, with left hand doing Gahn Sau and right hand doing a Jut Sau to the left of centerline. Elbows should be near each other.
#*''Application'': Block an attack from the side if you don't know where it's coming from
#*''Application'': Related block is Quan Sau - Tan Sau with Low Bong Sau
#Shift right, to NE, with right hand dropping to Gahn Sau and left hand coming up to Jut Sau to the right of centerline.
#Shift left, to NW, with left hand dropping to Gahn Sau and right hand coming up to Jut Sau to the left of centerline.
#Left arm returns to centerline with a Jut Sau. Right hand comes to the inside of the left elbow with the outer edge on the forearm and the palm facing back.
#Right hand whisks along the top of the left forearm into an eye strike while the left hand returns to rest position.
#Right hand turns palm up, Huen Sau around, return to rest position.
#Repeat to the other side

==Biu Sau==
#Left hand Biu Sau
#Right hand goes from rest position to Biu Sau, brushing underneath the left arm. Left hand draws back to Wu Sau.
#Left hand goes to Biu Sau, brushing underneath the right arm. Right arm return to rest position.
#Shift slight to right, to face Northeast, at the same time bringing left hand to left shoulder in Spade Hand position. Left hand shoots out in Spade Hand to Northeast.
#Shift left to face Northwest, bringing left arm down and across your body before it comes up into Westward Muen Sau.
#Shift right to face North while left hand returns to North-facing centerline with a Jut Sau.
#Right hand brushes the top of the left arm, continuing on to an eye strike. Left arm returns to rest position. Right hand turns palm up, Huen Sau, return to rest position.
#Repeat in the opposite direction.

==Muen Sau==
#Shift left and bring left arm up into Muen Sau to the West. Bring right hand to a Wu Sau under the left arm, guarding the ribs.
#Shift right and bring right arm up into Muen Sau to the East. Left hand goes into Wu Sau to the right of the ribs.
#Shift left and bring left arm up into Muen Sau to the West. Bring right hand to a Wu Sau to the left, guarding the ribs.
#Shift right to face North, bringing left hand down into Jut Sau and right hand back to rest position.
#Perform Lop Sau with left hand while shifting left. Left hand ends near left hip.
#Shift right to face North, bringing left hand around and down into Jut Sau.
#Repeat Lop Sau and Jut Sau.
#Repeat Lop Sau and Jut Sau.
#Whisk right hand along top of left arm, with left hand coming back to rest position. Right hand continues to eye-level Biu Jie Sau. Right hand Huen Sau and return to rest position.
#Repeat in the opposite direction.

==Grab and Pull==
#Bring both hands from rest position to the front of the chest, positioned to grab. Reach forward and make a chest-level grabbing motion.
#Pull both hands back toward your chest and then twist to the left.
#Left hand does Ginger Fist at abdomen level as right hand returns to rest position and torso turns back to face North.
#Left hand Side Palm Strike forward at rib level.
#Bring right hand to inside of left elbow. Whisk right hand over left arm to eye strike as left hand returns to rest position. Right hand Huen Sau and return to rest position.
#Repeat to the other side.

==Bow to Buddha==
Burst out of a crowd that's surrounding you.

#Bend forward as low as you can and bring your hands together behind your head. Squat a little to gain power for the next movement.
#Burst up, bringing hands out and back and then together in front of your chest.
#*''Application'': When using this technique for real, burst forward. Aim your hands between two of the people surrounding you.
#Repeat.
#Repeat.

==Closing==
Bring your hands back from punching position and cross your wrists in front of your chest. Continue bringing your fists back, up, and forward, dropping your elbows as you do so. Bring your fists back to the rest position. At the same time straighten your legs, bring your left foot to the right, and push your hands down past your hips. You will end up in a loose position of attention, the same as the starting position and a few inches to the right.

==Key Points==

*Leave center and return to center. You will often need to move your hands away from centerline. You might need to block a wide punch or you might need to deal with a new opponent. You should then return to centerline as soon as possible - centerline is a key Wing Chun concept for a reason, after all. The return can be by simply moving your arm, attacking, blocking, or moving your body so centerline moves to where your arm is.
*Multiple opponents. If you have multiple opponents, try to move so only one at a time is in attack range. If several are in range at the same time, deal with one and then shift centerline to deal with the next. If necessary, leave centerline to block an attack.
*Dangerous techniques. Bil Jie introduces several techniques which are dangerous to you or to your opponent.
*Focused power. Several Bil Jie techniques rely on your ability to focus a great deal of power quickly. An example is the wrist block. Beginners, even if they are strong in the weightlifting sense, usually will not be able to concentrate power sharply enough to be useful for these techniques. It takes many hours of practice to train your body to deliver a burst of power.
*Advanced techniques aren't necessarily better than basics. Even after you've been studying Wing Chun for ten years, Tan Sau still works just fine, and quite likely better than more advanced moves. The advanced moves simply put tools in your toolbox; use them when they are the best tool for the job, not simply because they're in the toolbox.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>opy88isjf089ht9liz01ocrefe8veg4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Developer/Porting software</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>179093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669149</id>
      <parentid>4668970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T07:19:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4669149</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49311" sha1="k440ew5v6xn09pishpi7emw0i0otf3o" xml:space="preserve">{{ArosNav}}


==Introduction==

Before you attempt to port a program, make sure it's API dependencies are met on AROS.
(AmigaOS (TM) 3.x C API is considered AROS native)

* Acceptable: ANSI-C/C++, [ SDL v1, v2 and v3], OpenGL via Gallium3D acceleration, ...
* Abit of work:  Dice C, SAS C, Aztec C, etc 
* Some work:  GTK via [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gtk-mui/ gtk-mui], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Cairo] (old port), 
* Very difficult: PyGame, Boost, Allegro, no SDL, Gnome, KDE and/or QT4, Godot, etc.
* Impossible: Java, C#, any Windows-only source, etc.

==Compilers and tools==

Open shell - its a menu option at the top left of Wanderer (desktop). Or by using the right Win key and w (or F12 and w) within the directory with the makefile. Type in  
 sh 
to change the amiga shell into a unix shell. You can then type in ls (unix equivalent to amiga dir). Take a look [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Linux_commands here] for commands.

For a single file program-name.c or program-name.cpp
 gcc -o program-name program-name.c  
or 
 g++ -o program-name program-name.cpp

To close the shell, click on the top left-hand corner to close (twice).

Other missing symbols are due to linker libraries being necessary for linking in functions that aren't in the standard C libraries. For example some source code would need added 
 -lz -lm -lpng 
to compile or even -lmui switch to link a program with a MUI gui.

use this in unix line command mode to search for 'search-item' in many .c files (*.cpp for c++, etc.)
 grep -l 'search-item' *.c

==Using CONFIGURE to create a Makefile==

Open shell - its a menu option at the top left of Wanderer (desktop). Or by using the right Win key and w within the directory with the configure and make files. Type in  
 sh 
to change the amiga shell into a unix shell.

 configure—help

to see the available options. You'll need time to examine the options and choose the right ones. 
Hints are available later on. When you configure GCC using the `configure' script, it will construct the file `Makefile' from the template file `Makefile.in'. When it does this, it will incorporate makefile fragment files from the `config' directory, named `t-TARGET'  and `x-HOST'. If these files do not exist, it means nothing needs to be added for a given target or host.

Examples...
&lt;pre&gt;
 configure prefix=/PROGDIR --build=i686 --host=i686 --disable-nls

 configure prefix=/PROGDIR --build=i386 --host=i386 --disable-nls --without-opengl --without-star --disable-sdltest

 configure LDFLAGS=&quot;-nix&quot; --prefix=/PROGDIR --build=i386 --disable-nls --without-x --without-pic 
--disable-shared GREP=bin: --enable-client=sdl --disable-server --disable-sdltest
--with-sdl-prefix=development:include/SDL
&lt;/pre&gt;

to create a Makefile but if it does not work, look at the Hints section below 

==EDITING CONFIGURE to suit AROS==

Take a look at Fishy's tutorial [http://web.archive.org/web/20111107002757/http://fishys-house-of-aros-fun.webs.com/apps/blog/show/2651598-aros-porting-guide first]

dir ../   unix moving back a directory or two

dir /    amiga equivalent

When the Makefile is created, whilst in the unix shell, type in

 make -f Makefile

to create the program...

===CREATING MAKEFILE from a blank text file===


====Generic template makefile (not to be used)====

which requires multiple copies of .c .o files


&lt;pre&gt;
CC = gcc
#CC = g++
#AS = nasm -f coff
#AR = ar
LDFLAGS = -s
FLAGS = -I. -Icpu -Iaros -Wall -march=pentium -fomit-frame-pointer
LIBS =	-lz -lm -LDevelopment:lib
#LIBS =	-lSDL_net lSDL_ttf -lSDL_mixer -lSDL_image -lpng -ljpeg -lz -lvorbisfile -logg -lSDL
#LIBS =	-lz -lm -LDevelopment:lib -lglu -lglut -lgl -lSDL_mixer -lSDL_image -lpng -ljpeg -lz -lSDL
EXE =   name
OPTS =	-O2

#

@echo &quot;Building source files...&quot;
$(CC) $(FLAGS) $(OPTS) -c src/.c -o obj/.o
$(CC) $(FLAGS) $(OPTS) -c src/.c -o obj/.o
#$(CC) $(FLAGS) $(OPTS) -c src/.cpp -o obj/.o
#$(CC) $(FLAGS) $(OPTS) -c src/.cpp -o obj/.o

@echo &quot;Making executable...&quot;
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(FLAGS) -o $(EXE) obj/.o $(LIBS)

@echo &quot;Done!&quot;
&lt;/pre&gt;


Remove # from CC = g++, if g++ compiler needed. Remember to put # it in front of CC = gcc. # at the start acts as a comment line and are not processed. Similarly, remove/add # in the LIBS part to activate simple command line compiling, simple SDL compiling or openGL compiling respectively.

Replace name with the program title in EXE part.

Then add various .c (compiling with gcc) or .cpp (compiling with g++) source code you want to compile and .o also 
&lt;pre&gt;
$(CC) $(FLAGS) $(OPTS) -c src/main.c -o obj/main.o 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Finally, collect all the .o for the final line
&lt;pre&gt;
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) $(FLAGS) -o $(EXE) obj/main.o main2.o etc.o $(LIBS)
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/utility MakeTools] should be looked at also.

&lt;pre&gt;
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -O
LDFLAGS = -lSDL_image -lpng -ljpeg -lSDL_ttf -lfreetype2 -lSDL_mixer -lvorbisfile -lvorbis -logg -lSDL -lgl -lglu -lz -lstdc++ -lm

OBJS = part1.o part2.o main.o

# $(OBJS) will look above for list of .o and then use the statements below to see what to do with them

myprogram: ${OBJS}
	${CC} -o myprogram ${CFLAGS} ${OBJS} $(LDFLAGS)

#--------------------------------------------------------

part1.o: part1.c part1.h header.h
	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -c part1.c

part2.o: part2.c header.h
	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -c part2.c

main.o: main.c header.h
	${CC} ${CFLAGS} -c main.c

clean:
	rm -f myprogram ${OBJS}
        @echo &quot;all cleaned up!&quot;

&lt;/pre&gt;

====Better Makefiles====

Just use the one that suits you.

&lt;pre&gt;
#Simpler version suffices for most small-scale projects 
#DEPS is needed to recompile hellomake.c with changed hellomake.h

CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I.
DEPS = hellomake.h

# gcc, $(CC) and rm need to be TABbed to work with make

# macro DEPS, which is the set of .h files on which the .c files depend
%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
# -o $@ compiler output into file named on the left side of hellomake: below ie hellomake 
# the $&lt; is the first item in the dependencies list #DEPS
	$(CC) -c -o $@ $&lt; $(CFLAGS)

#putting the object files--hellomake.o and hellofunc.o in dependency list
#make knows it must first compile the .c versions individually, and then build the executable hellomake

hellomake: hellomake.o hellofunc.o 
	gcc -o hellomake hellomake.o hellofunc.o -I

&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -O2 -I/include 
LDFLAGS = -lSDL_image -lpng -ljpeg -lSDL_ttf -lfreetype2 -lSDL_mixer -lvorbisfile -lvorbis -logg -lSDL -lgl -lglu -lz -lstdc++ -lm

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

OBJS = part1.o main.o

program: $(OBJS)
	$(CC) $(OBJS) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) 
	$(STRIP) --strip-unneeded --remove-section=.comment $@

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

part1.o:   part1.c part1.h 
	@echo &quot;  Compiling $*...&quot;
	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $*.c

main.o: main.c header.h
	@echo &quot;  Compiling $*...&quot;
        @${CC} ${CFLAGS} $*.c

clean:
      rm -f myprogram ${OBJS}
      @echo &quot;all cleaned up!&quot;

&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;

# Template for a simple generic Makefile
#
CC = i386-aros-gcc
# CPP = i386-aros-gcc -E
# CXX =
# CPPFLAGS =
# CXXFLAGS =
CFLAGS = (cflags)
LDFLAGS = (ldflags)
TARGET = (final-file-name)
OBJECTS = file1.o file2.o file3.o
LINKS = file1.c file2.c file3.c
# XTRAOBJ =
#
# rules
#
all: $(TARGET)

$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS) $(XTRAOBJ)
$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(XTRAOBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TARGET)

%.o: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $&lt; -o $@
#
# eof
# Cycloid Makefile Example
# OBJ = window2.o
#
# w.exe: $(OBJ)
# $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(ARCHIVE) $(LIB)
#
# window.o: window2.c
#
# $(CC) $(INCL) -c window2.c

&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
# .h files in an include directory 
IDIR =../include

CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-I$(IDIR)

# .o files into a obj subdirectory and some local libraries in lib directory
ODIR=obj
LDIR =../lib

macro defined for any libraries you want to include, like mui library -lMUI
LIBS=-lMUI

_DEPS = hellomake.h
DEPS = $(patsubst %,$(IDIR)/%,$(_DEPS))

_OBJ = hellomake.o hellofunc.o 
OBJ = $(patsubst %,$(ODIR)/%,$(_OBJ))

$(ODIR)/%.o: %.c $(DEPS)
	$(CC) -c -o $@ $&lt; $(CFLAGS)

hellomake: $(OBJ)
	gcc -o $@ $^ $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS)

# .PHONY rule keeps make from doing something with a file named clean 
.PHONY: clean

# cleaning up your source and object directories 
clean:
	rm -f $(ODIR)/*.o *~ core $(INCDIR)/*~

&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
#simple makefile
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-O2 -s -DNO_INLINE_STDARG -I./api/ -I../api/ -I../modules/api/ -I../amide/modules/api/amide/
LDFLAGS=$(CFLAGS) -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs -lamiga -lstdc.static -lgcc
EXE=plugins/test.plugin

# Objects
OBJS =	StartUp.o \
	LibInit.o \
	sasc_module.o

all: $(EXE)

clean:
	rm -f *.o $(EXE)

$(EXE): $(OBJS)
	echo Making $@..
	$(CC) -o $(EXE) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
&lt;/pre&gt;

==Hints for correcting errors==

*undefs about std:: and operators mean that you need to use or g++ , or if you use gcc, then add to -lstdc++ 
*undefs about sdl_wav mean -lsdl_mixer, 
*undefs about AROSMesa mean -lgl, 

Link order is important, so you can't for example firstly do -lgl, and then -lsdl. As sdl wants gl, you will need to do -lsdl -lgl, and the same for all the other libs : include one after another when undefs happens.

 -lSDL_image -lpng -ljpeg -lSDL_ttf -lfreetype2 -lSDL_mixer -lvorbisfile -lvorbis -logg -lSDL -lgl -lglu -lz -lstdc++ -lm

There are undefined symbols in 'sasc.module':
__PROGRAM_ENTRIES__symbol_set_handler_missing
__LIBS__symbol_set_handler_missing

remove the -nostartfiles argument from command line 
the missing symbols are part of AROS automatic startup handling. Possibly manually adding -llibinit could fix the missing symbols.


add -nodefaultlibs like this:

LINK := $(OPTIMIZE) -s -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs


should remove all automatically added libraries and now you will have to add them manually 

$(CC) $(LINK) -o $@ $(O_FILES) -lamiga -lstdc.static -lgcc

&lt;pre&gt;
#simple makefile
CC=gcc
CFLAGS=-O2 -s -DNO_INLINE_STDARG -I./api/ -I../api/ -I../modules/api/ -I../amide/modules/api/amide/
LDFLAGS=$(CFLAGS) -nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs -lamiga -lstdc.static -lgcc
EXE=plugins/test.plugin

# Objects
OBJS =	StartUp.o \
	LibInit.o \
	sasc_module.o

all: $(EXE)

clean:
	rm -f *.o $(EXE)

$(EXE): $(OBJS)
	echo Making $@..
	$(CC) -o $(EXE) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
&lt;/pre&gt;


and LoadModules function calls that function from main.c, case of AROS it is best to use portable macros to make these calls 

&lt;pre&gt;
mod_class =AROS_LC0(void *, AmIDE_API_GetClass,
        struct Library *, (AmIDE_API_Base), 5, AmIDE_API    );
&lt;/pre&gt;

#include &lt;aros/libcall.h&gt;


Additionally, most AROS code depends on the library bases being opened automatically so you may need to add a link library, libauto (-lauto). Some systems (so it's down to the compiler to provide it) don't have working libauto in which case you need to open the library bases manually.

AROS OS 64Bit GCC 10+ enforces strict checks on void variables so gcc output-&gt; error: variable or field __ret declared void.
AROS_LC0NR variant of macros to handle void return type (NR stands for No-Return) with more [http://www.aros.org/es/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.html here] 

[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/porting.php Hints can be found here] 
Be warned that these links apply to using Linux to compile code and not native but may be useful.


&lt;pre&gt;
CONFIGURE ERRORS

Error    : no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
Solution : add CC=gcc or CC=g++ after configure

Error    : no acceptable grep could be found in /Development/bin:
Solution : add GREP=bin: to configure line

Error    : gtk-mui library sequence
Solution : gcc -o test addbutton.c\ -lglib-2.0 -lgtlayout -lgthread-2.0 -lgmodule-2.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lgtk-mui -lglib-2.o -liconv -lmui -lthread

Error    : VARIABLE not within scope
Solution : add headers like...  #include &lt;libraries/mui.h&gt; #include &lt;proto/muimaster.h&gt; or #include &lt;string.h&gt; etc

Error    : malloc.h no such file or directory 
Solution : malloc is contained within &lt;aros/stdlib.h&gt;

Error    : SDL.h no such file or directory
Solution : #include SDL/SDL.h needed at top of .c file or -IDevelopment:include/SDL to the command line

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : IMG_Load in -lSDL_image ... cannot find libSDL_image
Solution : ??

Error    : pow in -lm - 'case' unmatched - math.library (-lm) appears broken
Solution : ??

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

MAKE ERRORS

Error    : *** missing separator.  Stop. 
Solution : Make commands like gcc $(CC) or rm need to be TABbed in and not use spaces

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

COMPILING ERRORS

Error    : expected '=' ';' &quot;asm&quot; or '__attribute__' before '{'
Solution : look at previous lines for missing/extra ; (like in defines) or missing } or forgot to #include something.h. Use gcc -E to check

Error    : request for member 'something' in function not a structure or union
Solution : using b.x = 12 (usually arrays); when it should be b-&gt;x (usually structs) or (*b).x, .h needed,

Error    : 'something' undeclared (first use in this function)
Solution : 'something' been declared at start of function, .h needed or link library needed -lmui etc.,

Error    : there are undefined symbols in program 
Solution : /* around these symbols' */ until you work out if they are needed or can be deleted

Error    : there are undefined symbols in &lt;program-name&gt; or memcpy strndup first 
Solution : linker library not included -lz -lSDL or -lGL etc or &lt;string.h&gt;

Error    : expected specifier-qualifier list before 'USHORT'
Solution : change all references of USHORT into UWORD (SHORT into WORD)

Error    : expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'USHORT' 
Solution : replace USHORT with UWORD (SHORT into WORD)

Error    : field 'name' has incomplete type 
Solution :

Error    : expected ')' before 'type' 
Solution :

Error    : invalid conversion from 'ULONG*' to 'IPTR*'
Solution : most amiga like OS's return ULONG values or use ULONG TAGS but 64bit AROS needs IPTR used for compatibility

Error    : dereferencing pointer to incomplete type 
Solution :

Error    : If crackly break-up noise found in SDL sound 
Solution : try to find where the number of samples for the buffer is set in the source and increase it (double it at least). This solves many sound issues with SDL programs. The buffer was set to 1024, now set it to 4096.

Error    : initializer element is not constant around TAG_DONE);
Solution : header(s) &lt;utility.h&gt; and &lt;proto/utility.h&gt; need to be added

Error    : no i386-sdl-config
Solution : use --build=i686 instead of --build=i386

Error    : functions not found at final linking: SDL_CondWait, SDL_CondSignal, SDL_CreateCond
Solution : find them in the SDL_cond_aros.c file in the cdxlplay-sdl source http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/

Error    : crash glutGet((GLenum)GLUT_ELAPSED_TIME);
Solution : The glutInit function is needed, replace with by SDL_GetTicks()

Error    : undefined symbols: recv, connect, inet_pton, socket, select, send, inet_ntoa
Solution : LDFLAGS : -lSDL_net -lSDL with #include &lt;proto/bsdsocket.h&gt; (or &lt;proto/socket.h&gt;) in all files using SDL_net

Error    : SDL is not built with CDROM support.
Solution : Look for SDL_INIT. It can look something like this:
             if( SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ) == -1 )
             change it to:
             if ( SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO|SDL_INIT_TIMER|SDL_INIT_AUDIO|SDL_INIT_JOYSTICK ) == -1 )
           That includes all the init routines available in SDL, minus the CD one.

Error    : Video mode set failed: OpenGL support not configured
Solution : 'sdl-config --libs' is fine for most SDL uses, but with GL it needs to be replaced with &quot;-lgl&quot;

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

RUN TIME ERRORS

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

Error    : 
Solution :

Delinting (removing warning messages)

64bit compatibility 
-        MUIA_Application_Copyright, _(MSG_AppCopyright),
+        MUIA_Application_Copyright, (IPTR)_(MSG_AppCopyright),

-        io-&gt;io_Unit   = (struct Unit *)unitnum;
+        io-&gt;io_Unit   = (struct Unit *)(IPTR)unitnum;


Clean up
-    ULONG signals;
+    ULONG signals = 0;

-    while((t = LibNextTagItem(&amp;tagList)))
+    while((t = LibNextTagItem((struct TagItem **)&amp;tagList)))

-       while ((tag = LibNextTagItem(&amp;msg)))
+       while ((tag = LibNextTagItem((struct TagItem **)&amp;msg)))

-    const struct TagItem *tstate = msg-&gt;ops_AttrList;
-    struct TagItem *tag;
+    struct TagItem *tag, *tstate = msg-&gt;ops_AttrList;

-        sprintf(buf, &quot;SYS/printer%d.prefs&quot;, unit);
+        sprintf(buf, &quot;SYS/printer%d.prefs&quot;, (int)unit);

-    STRPTR _return = NULL;
+    CONST_STRPTR _return = NULL;

-    return (CONST_STRPTR)_return;
+    return _return;

&lt;/pre&gt;

==Hints: Porting software from...==


===AmigaOS===

The right form of the main() function is
&lt;pre&gt;
int main(void)
{
...
return retval;
}

or

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
...
return retval;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

(Old code has often &quot;void main()&quot; or no return type at all)

For retval you can either use 0, EXIT_SUCCESS or EXIT_FAILURE (ANSI-C) or ADOS return codes which I don't know off-hand.

First turn anything that ending in _proto.h 
&lt;pre&gt;
#include &lt;dos/dos_proto.h&gt;
to
#include &lt;proto/dos.h&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;
and if you want it more portable, then try
&lt;pre&gt;
#ifdef AROS
#include &lt;proto/dos.h&gt;
#else
#include &lt;dos/dos_proto.h&gt;
#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

Include function prototypes for shared libraries from proto
e.g. #include &lt;proto/graphics.h&gt; instead of #include &lt;clib/graphics_protos.h&gt;

If the compiler complains about wrong type in a line like
 struct Library *GfxBase
you have to look up the right type in the header, e.g. in includes/proto/graphics.h

 #include &lt;proto/library_name.h&gt;

(replacing with correct name) should pull in the necessary info for automatic opening/closing of CORE libraries to work with basic applications which are written as DOS and Workbench/Wanderer launched processes. Others like mui have to be specified (-lmui in the gcc command line).

It looks like you are still including from clib. You either have to include from proto or you have to link with -lexec -lgadtools, etc.

There are undefined symbols in 'inctst':
U AllocMem
U FreeMem

Adding -lexec removed the errors.

&lt;pre&gt;
There are undefined symbols in 'a.out':
SetFont
CloseFont
OpenFont 
&lt;/pre&gt;

try -lgraphics or #include &lt;proto/graphics.h&gt; or #include &lt;defines/graphics.h&gt; or #include &lt;clib/graphics_protos.h&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Include sys/types.h before netinet/ip.h
Include &lt;netdb.h&gt; first before rest of your network includes 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Most AROS C/C++ Compilers can open and close the libraries for you as part of the startup code. As long as you have the protos included in the headers and the appropriate compiler options specified, the compiler will take care of opening any used libraries for you.

The library header source is in principle like AOS 68k too, with Resident struct, functable and so on. Except AROS has its own set of macros for functions which get parameters in registers. The AROS_LH#? and AROS_UFH#? stuff. You should be able to use contrib/mui/classes/nlist/commonaros/mccheader.c from AROS contrib sources as a hint.

But always remember, that coding for AROS is not coding for m68k Amiga. Much is different here and coding AROS in C means searching hundreds of include files for macros. And AROS source code is partly useless for an external newbie developer, as AROS has a deeply integrated build system which hides important parts from the implementing developers, e.g. a shared library consists only of its methods, the rest (Romtag, Jumptable etc.) is hidden in the AROS build system.


wbstart.library isn't ported indeed but its usage is depreciated and you are advised to convert its calls to use workbench.library/OpenWorkbenchObject() (which should be easy).

A temporary quick trick is to use CLI callings on C:Open which will launch programs using Workbench (using this very function). It can even be used with arguments which are passed as workbench arguments (ie like multi-clicked files).

====Programming languages====

As long as no assembler code is being used in the program, compiling a C program written for plain AmigaOS up to version 3.1 should be possible on AROS without any changes to the source code. (That presumes your AROS is using a 32bit big-endian CPU, like the original Amiga computer.) (Please note that '''AROS is still beta and incomplete''', and might lack some functions from AmigaOS API. See [[Aros/Developer/Docs#Status of AROS implementation|Status of AROS implementation]] for more on this.)

====Data types and sizes / little endian / big endian====

Some of the first things to consider is the actual size of your C data types, and in your uses of binary files (IFF for example) paying attention to reading and writing with portability to 64bit and little-endian CPUs as well as the classic mc680x0 or powerpc cpus used by Amiga OS.

* Warning signs is casting between char * and WORD/LONG/short/int etc., or any kind of pointer arithmetic, as well as any functions that read/write binary file formats (if they read character by character and/or does things similar to what I mentioned above, they are likely to be ok, if they read a chunk of memory in and treat it as a struct immediately then it will almost certainly fail).
* Endianness issues need to be fixed and there are a lot of them (reading/writing binary files, writing data into graphics frame buffers). Also network stack, file system, hardware. Pretty much any time you have to deal with external data, you have to worry about endianness. There are C #define macros to handle writing/reading the correct endianness and flipping the ordering when necessary.
* all LONG/ULONG/APTRs need to be checked if they need to be replaced by IPTR (e.g. relying on TagLists)

[we should probably have a chart showing sizes/endian used by Manx/sas/dice C on a mc68000/68030 vs today's PPC/i386/x86_64 AROS options here along with some GCC source code to show how to read/write binary files correctly under AROS running on differing endian CPUs]

====Screens====

Amiga chipset-graphics-based screens were generally done in a planar format 16/32-colors max for ECS hires/lores modes respectively and 256-colors for AGA.

[a chart of common amiga screen modes should go here]

Methods that worked well for the relatively low-resolution planar Amiga displays may be suboptimal for chunky and true color screens that are common today.

[pointer to examples should go here]

Amiga screens could be of differing resolution, which could be dragged up and down to reveal another, so some applications were written with differing resolution screens, say for a control panel at one resolution and another for the &quot;display&quot; visible at the same time stacked vertically. This may not make sense with today's chip sets or wide-screen displays. Opening multiple screens that vary in scan rate can confuse displays (monitors or projectors) that might take several seconds &quot;calibrating&quot; every time the user decides to change which public or private application screen they want to view. Defaulting to the user's preference for Wanderer (workbench) for screen mode is probably better than having a predefined mode hard-coded into your application.

====Fonts====

AmigaOS 3.1 also shipped with some nice disk fonts that are not currently available under AROS, so you should be careful about having any diskfont hard-coded as a default into your program. The ROM font &quot;topaz&quot; should be ok.

AROS fonts (as of 2010-03-10):
*arial.font
*dejavusansbold.font
*dejavusansboldoblique.font
*dejavusansbook.font
*dejavusanscondensedbold.font
*dejavusanscondensedboldobl.font
*dejavusanscondensedcondens.font
*dejavusanscondensedoblique.font
*dejavusansextralight.font
*dejavusansmonobold.font
*dejavusansmonoboldoblique.font
*dejavusansmonobook.font
*dejavusansmonooblique.font
*dejavusansoblique.font
*dejavuserifbold.font
*dejavuserifboldoblique.font
*dejavuserifbook.font
*dejavuserifcondensedbold.font
*dejavuserifcondensedboldob.font
*dejavuserifcondensedconden.font
*dejavuserifcondensedobliqu.font
*dejavuserifoblique.font
*fixed.font
*stop.font
*ttcourier.font
*Vera Mono Bold.font
*Vera Mono Bold Italic.font
*Vera Mono.font
*Vera Mono Italic.font
*Vera Sans Bold.font
*Vera Sans Bold Italic.font
*Vera Sans.font
*Vera Sans Italic.font
*Vera Serif Bold.font
*Vera Serif.font
*XEN.font

====GUI Toolkits====

=====Gadtools=====

The order of the fields in struct Node which is currently different than on AOS (will be changed in ABI V1).

struct Node has currently the following order:

&lt;pre&gt;
struct Node
{
    struct Node * ln_Succ,
        * ln_Pred;
    char    * ln_Name;
    UBYTE      ln_Type;
    BYTE      ln_Pri;
}; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

=====MUI=====

'''MUI''' - AROS' preferred GUI toolkit is Zune, a reimplementation of MUI 3.x, thus MUI 3.x code will work unchanged under AROS. MUI 4.x will need adapting or wait for the following [http://www.power2people.org/projects/profile/54 bounty] to be started.

=====ClassAct=====

'''ReAction/ClassAct''', a GUI toolkit for AmigaOS, is not available for AROS. It has been made part of AmigaOS 3.5 and higher. Programs that use ReAction might need considerable rework, preferably to use Zune (or: MUI), AROS' GUI toolkit.

=====BGui=====

'''bgui''' is available as part of the &quot;contrib&quot; archive, thus included in all current AROS binary distributions.

[We could use a chart comparing gui options for developers here.]

====C/C++ Compilers====

GCC/G++ is the primary C compiler supplied with AROS. Amiga programs making use of other compilers' (SAS/C, Maxon C, ...) specific functionality might need some rework.
You'll probably want to write makefiles that can run either hosted or native, so any AROS user can get them compiled and running on their machine. In a hosted environment the shell will most likely use UNIX semantics like cp==COPY ../==parent directory, and all file names will be case sensitive for your makefile and inside your C source code files (example: #include &quot;myFile.h&quot; != #include &quot;MyFile.H&quot;). Under AROS the makefile may use Amiga shell command semantics (copy #? progdir:prefs)or it may be using a UNIX shell ported to AROS, and the AROS environment, and like AmigaOS 3.1 may not care about case sensitivity of file names.

We can't use the SLOWSTACKTAGS macros for getting ULONG values from a variadic list.

===== SAS Lattice C Compiler=====

SAS/C was one of the more popular compiler packages back when AmigaOS 3.1 was released, it supported various keywords such as __chip for using chipram, and CPU-related register arguments that the current AROS GCC does not.

The makefiles will have to be translated from SMAKE to GNU Make and some of the headers will have to be translated from SC to GCC.

Pragmas were used on ancient C compilers like SASC. Include from &quot;proto&quot;, e.g. #include &lt;proto/workbench.h&gt;. Look if there are headers which include from &quot;clib&quot;. Change them to &quot;proto&quot;, too.

You can ignore warnings like &quot;suggested parentheses...&quot; or incompatible pointer types.

Some types and names of defines have changed (SHORT/USHORT -&gt; WORD/UWORD).

 -linput -lutility -lintuition -lrexxsyslib -lconsole -lgraphics -ldos -lexec

strmfp, stcgfe, stcgfp, stcgfn and stci_d are SAS/C / Lattice function that do not exist under gcc. They have to be reimplemented.

tolower and toupper was found once I've included ctype.h in the source code.
Sometimes missing symbols come from missing include files. Those are macros like toupper—not real functions, and the C preprocessor needs the include definition for the macro.

If you want your characters to be unsigned you need to put unsigned into the variable type. If you want them to be signed, put signed in the variable type. If you don't put either, you may get unexpected results.

Sometimes you need wrappers for functions which aren't part of ANSI C.

SAS/C allowed to use a type before it was defined =&gt; change the order or use forward declaration.

Use AROS macros for Hook functions as explained here:
http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/developers/app-dev/portable.php#hooks

There might be more if you are porting system software (libraries, interrupts etc.)
Just start and try to find the reason for warnings and errors.

Generally when porting sources, if a header doesn't exist in AROS, wrap it with an #if or #ifndef statement and see what symbols, structure definitions, etc. aren't found. Then you can look through the AROS includes to see if the missing symbols, etc. are implemented in another place, or if you have to make your own compatible include file with those defined.

For libraries you might want to look at the AROS source-tree to see how others have done it using things like [http://aminet.net/package/dev/gcc/sfdc sfdc], genmodule, etc.

* SAS/C included a ton of non-standard functions in its C library. Alternative versions of these can generally be found online, and for example YAM includes some of them in their sources, depending on license working around this is easy (none of these functions are big/difficult to re-implement if needed).
* SAS/C is very liberal in some of the things it accepts. This causes problems particularly for vbcc (not so relevant for AROS) but some things also for gcc, particularly in terms of type coercion and (lack) of forward declarations.
* SAS/C has a multitude of extensions targeting AmigaOS, such as non-standard 68k focused register declarations. These must either be removed or worked around by defining preprocessor macros that expand to nothing or a suitable replacement.
* The SAS/C smakefiles are a totally non-standard syntax.
* The general caveats of AmigaOS vs. AROS include files apply - many paths can be expected to be different.
* there might be endian issues
* you'll get a lot of compiler warnings. Some of them are harmless (e.g. &quot;parenthesis suggested ...&quot;). Others are dangerous (e.g. &quot;variable xxx may be undefined&quot;)
* for some specials like callback hooks you'll have to use AROS macros.


* Use texteditor or some tool to replace all &quot;ULONG&quot; with &quot;IPTR&quot; and &quot;LONG&quot; with &quot;SIPTR&quot; in the sources.
* Fix (change IPTR/SIPTR back to ULONG/LONG) the few places which really rely on ULONG/LONG being exactly 32 bit. That's for things like pixel (ARGB) buffers, structs written/read to disk, colormaps, but probably little else.


This is the [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?start=30&amp;topic_id=5705&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=ASC&amp;type=&amp;mode=0 code] that I use in diskimage.device for converting a BSTR to a CSTR 
&lt;pre&gt;
LONG CopyStringBSTRToC (BSTR src, STRPTR dst, ULONG dst_size) {
#ifdef __AROS__
    STRPTR ptr = AROS_BSTR_ADDR(src);
    ULONG ln = AROS_BSTR_strlen(src);
#else
    UBYTE *ptr = BADDR(src);
    ULONG ln = *ptr++;
#endif
    if (ln &gt; (dst_size-1)) ln = dst_size-1;
    memcpy(dst, ptr, ln);
    dst[ln] = 0;
    return ln;
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Some blankers{{typo help inline|reason=similar to blinkers|date=October 2022}} are missing the symbol &quot;custom&quot;. They have (as documented in the OS3.9 RKM) &quot;extern struct Custom custom;&quot;. 
'Custom' is a struct that maps the m68k Amiga AGA/OCS/ECS registers. Only build those for amiga-m68k, and you'll be fine.

=====Maxon Hisoft C=====

=====Dice C=====

=====North C=====

* RAWKEY: replaced with IDCMP_RAWKEY: 
* ModifyIDCMP(win,FLAGSON) replace with ?

===MorphOS===

====Assemblers/ Disassemblers====

ADis, which reads binaries into memory hunk by hunk to disassemble them, and then just treats it as an array of short. The &quot;right&quot; way would be to treat it as a char *, and do (arr[0] &lt;&lt; 8) + arr[1]. I wanted to use it to cross-disassemble M68k programs, but gave up and went with Ira instead because it was so pervasive.

===Linux Console Apps===

On AmigaOS this is done by libc on every I/O operation. Just AROS libs lacks this. 
Resources allocated by libc (malloc()ed memory, fopen() ed files, etc.) are safely reclaimed at exit(). libc tracks this internally. If your program additionally uses some AmigaOS API, it usually installs exit handler (I don't remebmer how), or disables Ctrl-C checking by redefining __chkabort() function.

You have to explicitly check for it on AROS (and AmigaOS). The reason for this is that there's no safe way for the OS to kill an app and reclaim all resources on AmigaOS and derivatives (since an app can have &quot;handed off&quot; memory and other resources to other tasks).

This is an example from the autodocs for SetSignal:

&lt;pre&gt;
#include &lt;libraries/dos.h&gt;

/* Check &amp; clear CTRL_C signal */
if(SetSignal(0L,SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C) &amp; SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C)
{ 
printf(&quot;CTRL-C pressed!n&quot;);
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

It is compiler dependent. It's safer to just do the SetSignal()-based check.


If you want a shared library, recommend getting linux-hosted aros building (use the gimmearos.sh script) and then look at the other library sources found in AROS/workbench/libs for examples of how its done.

If it were just a linker library, you can just compile the .c files with -fno-stack-protector (needed under aros-sdk cross compiler under linux, native aros gcc might not need that), etc. and join the .o files into a lib-yournamehere.a file with ar and ranlib them.

===SDL===

SDL_image may need -ljpeg -lpng -lz

SDL_mixer needs -lSDL_mixer -lvorbisfile -lvorbis -logg (in this order)


First thing to test with SDL sound under AROS is to increase the buffer. In all applications had needed this to obtain good sound output.

In most cases it would certainly mean that you have to increase the value of SYSSND_MIXSAMPLES. Usually multiplying this value by 2 or 4 gives good results.

You should also check the value of the obtained structure. It is not sure that AROS supports AUDIO_U8 and you might have reverted to AUDIO_U16. In this case sound will of course be distorted.

from [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=2533&amp;forum=2&amp;post_id=45301#forumpost45301 here]

Further tests with buffers using code from [http://www.kekkai.org/roger/sdl/mixer/ here], and this is the result I've noted:

&quot;a quick test compiling with 1024, 2048 or 4096 gave interesting results: 1024 - sounds are more responsive to key-events but if you quickly move the &quot;game-window&quot; around the screen you can hear sound glitches. 2048 - No big difference noticed in responsiveness and now no glitches moving the window around, anyway the fx-sound sample plays with some hiss-click glitches. 4096 - No hiss-click and no glitches moving the window BUT you can see that the responsiveness is decreased.

Trying this code then with original xRick 8bit samples gives good sound results, and even using 1024 bytes buffer the sound doesn't glitch when moving window&quot;

Seems to me that buffer depends a lot on responsiveness you need, overall game load and also what kind of sound samples you're using (of course the lower is the bit-encoding and frequency, the smaller you can use as buffer).


SDL_GetTicks just disable

 m_fLastTime = float(SDL_GetTicks())/1000;

in 2 places of sdlapp.cpp and add your own code at the end:

&lt;pre&gt;
    Ellapsed_Time = SDL_GetTicks() - Last_Time;
    if (Ellapsed_Time &lt; 20) /* 20 ms target =&gt; 50FPS */
    {
    SDL_Delay(20 - Ellapsed_Time);
    }
&lt;/pre&gt;

Maybe SDL_GetTicks works a bit wrong by some reasons in aros's SDL, right ? (because if the same code works fast on os4/mos/win32/anything-else), then it mean that something wrong with SDL_GetTicks then .. 
PS : SDL_GetTicks() isn't causing any trouble, its a basic SDL function that is used in almost all SDL applications.

 int CSDLApplication::Run() in sdlapp.cpp
and
 bool CMySDLApplication::FrameMove() in Armygaem.cpp

In initial-code Render3DEnvironment is called continuously and only FrameMove is updated at 50fps, Render() and SDL_GL_SwapBuffers() are called even if nothing has moved.
Calling the render() functions and SDL_GL_SwapBuffers(), too often is for me the root cause. A correction to OpenGL implementation would only be a safeguard to prevent stupid application from crashing or slowing down the system.

crash on exit is certainly due to the application not freeing any resources before exiting.

===Writing ROM-able code===

Code in AROS modules should be written in a way that makes it suitable for embedding into a ROM, FlashRAM or other kinds read-only memory. The following coding style rules are meant to make it possible. Of course they apply to all Kickstart modules and to code that may be made resident, shared or linked to other modules.
	 
ROM modules must have no .data and .bss sections. Basically, we need to get rid of all non-const global data. The real Amiga Kickstart proves that it's both possible and easy to achieve this. If you encounter an external variable (static or not) that is modified by the code, try to get rid of it or move it into the base of the library/device (or in the device node of your handler or in the userdata of your class).
	 
The above applies to library bases as well. If you are writing a library, put the bases of other libraries into your own library base structure. Boopsi classes can store library bases in their class private data.
	 
Try to set the static and const attributes to all your global data. You can also use the CONST_STRPTR and CONST_APTR types defined in &lt;exec/types.h&gt;. Using static const allows the compiler to move data into the .text (AKA code) segment. If you need to pass these globals to another function, try to change its prototype to use const too.

===Hooks and SDI===


A hook is a custom function you write in order to be able to handle a specific situation that arises from intercepting the main code (like processing a message). The function must be designed to accept three arguments, whose order and type is given.

* the first parameter (A0) contains the pointer to your hook, not to your window
* the 2nd Parameter points to the Object which causes this action, this isn´t your window but it´s the Object which was pressed (it´s always the Object which was connected to the Hook (=1st Parameter of DoMethod) 
* then give 5 as number of Parameters for MUIM_CallHook, but´s 4 (=number of all Parameters in DoMethod after the Count Parameter)

&lt;pre&gt;
AROS_UFH3S
(
void,
MyHookFunction,
AROS_UFHA(struct Hook * , hook, A0),
AROS_UFHA(Object * , obj, A2),
AROS_UFHA(ULONG * , params, A1)
)
&lt;/pre&gt;

params is an array but IPTR should be correct. Then you can access your parameters...

&lt;pre&gt;
app = (Object *) *params++;
window2 = (Object *) params++;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
The important thing about hook functions is that the parameters must be given in the order A0, A2, A1.
And not to leave out parameters even if they are unused by the hook function.

For initial quick&amp;dirty ports one can even simply defines things like
&quot;__saveds&quot;, &quot;__asm&quot;, &quot;__regargs&quot;, &quot;__stdargs&quot;, &quot;register ...&quot; to nothing.

For library functions it's the same (with library base as last param).

InitLib: libbase(d0), seglist(a0), sysbase(a6)
OpenLib: version(d0), libbase(a6)
CloseLib: libbase(a6)
ExpungeLib: libbase(d0), libbase(a6)

OpenDev: ioreq(A1), unitnum(d0), flags(d1), devbase(a6)
CloseDev: ioreq(a1), devbase(a6)
&lt;/pre&gt;

see [http://utilitybase.com/forum/index.php?action=vthread&amp;forum=3&amp;topic=1495 here]

The AROS asm call and lib call macros require param type (like &quot;struct Hook *&quot;) and param (like &quot;myhook&quot;) to be passed in two different arguments. Not in a single one.

Converting is easy. Adding some &quot;AROS_&quot; prefix plus some commas. Additionally in the hook functions and dispatcher functions &quot;HOOK_INIT&quot; / &quot;HOOK_EXIT&quot; / &quot;DISPATCHER_INIT&quot; / &quot;DISPATCHER_EXIT&quot; must be used (in case of AROS mapping to AROS_USERFUNC_INIT/AROS_USERFUNC_EXIT).

To force procedure parameters to use registers (like a0) in GCC

Since C calling convention on some machines (like 68k or x86) means params are passed on stack your C function must have params in correct order (Hook, object, msg) and not leave out params if they are unused by the function especially if it's the middle param (object).

 ULONG hook_function(REG(a0, struct Hook *hook), REG(a2, APTR object), REG(a1, APTR message))

In short when using HookEntry you initialize hooks like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
STATIC ULONG hookfunc(struct Hook *hook, APTR obj, APTR msg) 
{ 
/* ... *// 
}

#if defined(__amigaos4__) 
hook-&gt;h_Entry = hookfunc; 
#else 
hook-&gt;h_Entry = &amp;HookEntry; 
hook-&gt;h_SubEntry = hookfunc 
#endif 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If you are not using SDI headers this is the most universal method which works on OS3, OS4, AROS and MorphOS with every compiler and architecture.

Those dispatchers are usually taken as argument for MUI_CreateCustomClass(), which has:

&lt;pre&gt;
#if defined(__MAXON__) || defined(__amigaos4__)
    cl-&gt;cl_Dispatcher.h_Entry    = (HOOKFUNC)dispatcher;
#else
    cl-&gt;cl_Dispatcher.h_Entry    = (HOOKFUNC)metaDispatcher;
    cl-&gt;cl_Dispatcher.h_SubEntry = (HOOKFUNC)dispatcher;
#endif
&lt;/pre&gt;

metaDispatcher:

&lt;pre&gt;
#ifdef __AROS__
AROS_UFH3(IPTR, metaDispatcher,
    AROS_UFHA(struct IClass  *, cl,  A0),
    AROS_UFHA(Object *, obj, A2),
    AROS_UFHA(Msg     , msg, A1))
{
    AROS_USERFUNC_INIT
   
    return AROS_UFC4(IPTR, cl-&gt;cl_Dispatcher.h_SubEntry,
        AROS_UFPA(Class  *, cl,  A0),
        AROS_UFPA(Object *, obj, A2),
        AROS_UFPA(Msg     , msg, A1),
        AROS_UFPA(APTR    , cl-&gt;cl_Dispatcher.h_Data, A6)
    );

    AROS_USERFUNC_EXIT
}
&lt;/pre&gt;

What confuses me is that our own macros have registers:

&lt;pre&gt;
#define BOOPSI_DISPATCHER(rettype,name,cl,obj,msg) \
    AROS_UFH3(SAVEDS rettype, name,\
        AROS_UFHA(Class  *, cl,  A0),\
        AROS_UFHA(Object *, obj, A2),\
        AROS_UFHA(Msg     , msg, A1)) {AROS_USERFUNC_INIT
&lt;/pre&gt;

Maybe there is a difference between MUI and BOOPSI when it comes to dispatchers and SDI DISPATCHER can only be used for MUI.

AROS's MUI_CreateCustomClass() moves the dispatcher to h_SubEntry and uses something like HookEntry for h_Entry. There we don't have to care about registers.

BTW: SDI's hook macros *are* wrong for AROS.

&lt;pre&gt;
HOOKPROTONHNO(TestFunc, void, int *param)
{
    puts(&quot;Foobar&quot;);
}

MakeHook(TestHook, TestFunc);
&lt;/pre&gt;
expands to:
&lt;pre&gt;
static void TestFunc(__attribute__((unused)) struct Hook *_hook,
__attribute__((unused)) APTR _obj, int *param)
{
    puts(&quot;Foobar&quot;);
}

struct Hook TestHook = {{0L, 0L}, (HOOKFUNC)TestFunc, NULL, 0L};
&lt;/pre&gt;

That works only by accident on i386-AROS (because of stack parameters).
But there I *know* how to fix it and will soon send an update to you.

&lt;pre&gt;
#elif __AROS__

  #define MakeHook(hookname, funcname) struct Hook hookname = {{NULL, NULL}, \
    (HOOKFUNC)HookEntry, (HOOKFUNC)funcname, NULL}
  #define MakeHookWithData(hookname, funcname, data) struct Hook hookname =  \
    {{NULL, NULL}, (HOOKFUNC)HookEntry, (HOOKFUNC)funcname, (APTR)data}
  #define MakeStaticHook(hookname, funcname) static struct Hook hookname =   \
    {{NULL, NULL}, (HOOKFUNC)HookEntry, (HOOKFUNC)funcname, NULL}
  #define ENTRY(func) (APTR)func
  #define DISPATCHERPROTO(name) SAVEDS ASM IPTR name(REG(a0,                 \
    struct IClass * cl), REG(a2, Object * obj), REG(a1, Msg msg))
  #define DISPATCHER(name) DISPATCHERPROTO(name)
  #define SDISPATCHER(name) static DISPATCHERPROTO(name)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Difference is that funcname is moved to h_SubEntry.
Problem are the dispatcher macros. They'll currently only work with MUI_CreateCustomClass(). If I define them like our BOOPSI macros I have a new problem: what happens if I define a function with register macros
*AND* use HookEntry in h_Entry and the function in h_SubEntry?

BTW: in SDI_compiler.h there is:
&lt;pre&gt;
  /* we have to distinguish between AmigaOS4 and MorphOS */
  #if defined(_M68000) || defined(__M68000) || defined(__mc68000)
    #define REG(reg,arg) arg __asm(#reg)
    #define LREG(reg,arg) register REG(reg,arg)
  #else
    #define REG(reg,arg) arg
    #define SAVEDS
&lt;/pre&gt;

C++ is much more strict on types than C, this is the root of the problem. Absolutely everything should be casted, implicit conversions are not allowed at all. P.S. And casting is considered an extremely bad coding style IIRC...

Those who want to develop AROS API in C++ should update their headers from a current SDK.

HOOKFUNC looks now like this in include/utility/hooks.h:
 typedef IPTR (*HOOKFUNC)();

The prototypes have been included in &quot;extern C&quot; blocks, so that problems like this should be [http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=37123#forumpost37123 gone]

===Casts===

Casts simply put... casting through pointers, bad... casting through a union, [http://cellperformance.beyond3d.com/articles/2006/06/understanding-strict-aliasing.html good]*. (*exceptions apply) Hopefully someone can correct me if I'm wrong, but the main rule of thumb for avoiding these problems seems to be to not have two pointer variables in the same function that point to the same memory, but are of different type.

It's actually a little more subtle than this. They can point to different types, but not when the types do not contain sub-sets of the others.

i.e.

&lt;pre&gt;

struct Foo {
struct MinNode Node;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

- any cast from struct Foo * to struct MinNode * is ok ...
but:
&lt;pre&gt;
struct Foo {
struct Foo *next;
struct Foo *prev;
};
&lt;/pre&gt;

- now casts from 'foo' to 'minnode' are not ok ... and worse, can be silently discarded (how that is considered polite behaviour I do not know). (and by extension, casting from List to Node are right out).

I would argue that this is actually a different language - it is no longer 'C', as such, and although the spec (as far as I have been able to ascertain) actually specifies this it has never been implemented in such a way until now. It is there to provide additional optimisation opportunities ... although the whole 'we'll just silently drop code that is otherwise quite obvious' thing is rather nasty.

The CellPerformance stuff really nails it all. Although I find it somewhat absurd you can cast pretty much anything through a union and it's 'ok', but using the language 'cast' exactly the same physical operation becomes 'illegal'.

NEVER EVER touch buffers passed in by the user as an &quot;input&quot; parameter. The concept of input parameters is often implicit in the function description. For instance, the filename passed to Open() is clearly an input variable and Open() must not mess with it, even if it is going to fix it back later. Keep in mind that the buffer might be in read-only memory or shared among several instances of a resident or multithreaded program.

Try to avoid host-OS calls such as malloc() and free() if you can do with AllocMem() and FreeMem(). This is because the pointer checking debug macros rely on finding the pointer within the Exec memory blocks with TypeOfMem().

 SA_BackFill, (ULONG) &amp;sbackfillhook,

Please do not use ULONG's to store/cast pointers in your code. use APTR/IPTR where appropriate.

==Compiling small parts of AROS source without using Build system==

[http://aros-exec.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=3475&amp;forum=2&amp;post_id=29123#forumpost29123 from]

make stub
make
make install

and need genmodule from [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/temp/radeon.zip inside] here.


Trying to build the support modules of [http://svn.berlios.de/wsvn/ignition/trunk/libs/scroller/ Ignition] with a normal Makefile:

How can I get rid of these linker warnings? 
U __includelibrarieshandling and U __this_program_requires_symbol_sets_handling


Is there something I have to care about when I create a module this way? 
(I have always used the build system in the past) Is there a function which must be the first in the generated module?

Are you using ld directly? If so, don't do that, use the compiler's driver instead (gcc, that is) to do all the steps, final linking included. The problem arises because the linker needs to be invoked through a wrapper, which in our case is called collect-aros (it would be collect2 on other systems). You can either call collect-aros in place of ld (I
wouldn't do that) or the compiler's driver (gcc, do that) as said above. Mh, hadn't noticed the makefile when I first replied and I had forgotten these symbols are actually produced by collect-aros itself.

The problem arises because you are using -nostartfiles, which avoids linking with the startup file, but the startup file contains code that handles the automatic libraries opening/closing and the generic symbol sets handling. By using DFLAGS=-lgraphics -lintuition -lutility you are actually linking with stub libraries that require the automatic handling of shared libraries to be implemented. Either you avoid using these stubs or you implement the needed code yourself. You can take inspiration from the normal startup code.

After re-enabling lines like
 #define UtilityBase cb-&gt;UtilityBase
I was able to build the module without the stub libraries.

==Tutorials==

See here for a [http://web.archive.org/web/20111107002757/http://fishys-house-of-aros-fun.webs.com/apps/blog/show/2651598-aros-porting-guide tutorial]

SDL/MesaGL/OpenGL game frameworks. [http://msm.grumpybumpers.com/?p=64 Jumpcore Minimal]

[http://lazyfoo.net/SDL_tutorials/index.php Tutorial]

[http://www.monkeyfighter.com/tetris.html Amiga Tetris]

[http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net/downloads.html Irrlicht 3D engine]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>k440ew5v6xn09pishpi7emw0i0otf3o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>USMLE Step 1 Review/Pathology</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>203476</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669140</id>
      <parentid>4669071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T23:29:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>1015207</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-48319-29|~2026-48319-29]] ([[User talk:~2026-48319-29|talk]]) to last version by Artix Kreiger</comment>
      <origin>3328983</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1382" sha1="2erfkzk6kca2vky4wplsg9o231hkyri" xml:space="preserve">===5 SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION (as described by Celsus)===
*Redness/Erythema (''Rubor'')
*Raised temperature (''Calor'')
*Swelling (''Tumor'')
*Pain (''Dolor'')
*Loss of Function (''Functio Laesa'')

====HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS====
Goombs classification:
&quot;'''A'''nna '''C'''ycled '''I'''mmediately '''D'''ownhill--Gell &amp; Goombs&quot; or &quot;'''ACID'''&quot;.
* Type I   '''A'''naphylaxis
* Type II  '''C'''ytotoxic-mediated
* Type III '''I'''mmune-complex
* Type IV  '''D'''elayed hypersensitivity


Coal workers pneumoconiosis is due to the presence of anthracosis. Basically a carbon pigment from coal mining accumulates in macrophages along the pleural lymphatics and interstitium. Usually advances through various stages. 
Clinical stages (Anthracosis)
1.	Asymptomatic
2.	Simple CWP(Coal workers pneumoconiosis. Cx(characterized) by coal-dust macules and nodules in upper lobes that produce little pulmonary dysfunction. 
3.	Complicated CWP. Cx progressive massive fibrosis accompanied by increasing respiratory distress, secondary pulmonary hypertension, and cor pulmonale. 
4.	Caplan syndrome is CWP accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis. 

Terms: Pneumoconiosis, anthracosis, macrophages, pleural lymphatics, interstitium, asymptomatic, pulmonary dysfunction, fibrosis, Secondary pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, rheumatoid arthritis, caplan syndrome. 


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2erfkzk6kca2vky4wplsg9o231hkyri</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>OpenSCAD User Manual/Primitive Solids</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>214092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669119</id>
      <parentid>4664440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T16:21:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-48431-99</username>
        <id>3625326</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ================================================================    ARES — AI Rescue Rover for Hazard Zones    Parametric functional prototype model    Units: millimeters    ================================================================ */  $fn = 48;  // ---------- GLOBAL TOGGLES ---------- explode   = 0;      // 0 = assembled, 1 = exploded view ed        = 90;      // exploded-view separation distance (mm)  // ---------- CORE DIMENSIONS ---------- chassis_L   = 500; chassis_W   = 350; chas</comment>
      <origin>4669119</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23678" sha1="5p7d758ygpqxqdteq7p63e9hxkl3vb5" xml:space="preserve">=== cube ===
----
Creates a cube or rectangular prism (i.e., a &quot;box&quot;) in the first [[w:Octant_(solid_geometry)|octant]]. When center is true, the cube is centered on the origin. Argument names are optional if given in the order shown here.
 /* ================================================================

    ARES — AI Rescue Rover for Hazard Zones

    Parametric functional prototype model

    Units: millimeters

    ================================================================ */

 $fn = 48;

 // ---------- GLOBAL TOGGLES ----------

 explode   = 0;      // 0 = assembled, 1 = exploded view

 ed        = 90;      // exploded-view separation distance (mm)

 // ---------- CORE DIMENSIONS ----------

 chassis_L   = 500;

 chassis_W   = 350;

 chassis_t   = 10;                 // base plate thickness

 ground_clr  = 60;

 wheel_d     = 150; wheel_r = wheel_d/2;

 wheel_w     = 50;

 wheelbase   = 330;                // front-rear axle distance (X)

 track       = 270;                // left-right axle distance (Y)

 axle_z      = wheel_r;            // wheel center height = 75

 chassis_top = ground_clr + chassis_t;      // = 70

 chassis_ctr_z = ground_clr + chassis_t/2;  // = 65

 // Battery drawer

 bat_L = 220; bat_W = 120; bat_H = 60;

 bat_pos = [-100, 0, chassis_top + bat_H/2];

 // Electronics bay

 elec_L = 200; elec_W = 140; elec_H = 70;

 elec_pos = [110, 0, chassis_top + elec_H/2];

 // Sensor platform

 plat_L = 250; plat_W = 180; plat_t = 8;

 plat_pos = [40, 0, chassis_top + elec_H + plat_t/2];

 // Camera mast

 mast_h = 220;

 mast_base = [190, 0, chassis_top];

 // Arm mount

 arm_pos = [chassis_L/2, 0, chassis_top + 30];

 /* ================================================================

    WHEEL + TREAD

    ================================================================ */

 module wheel(){

     color(&quot;Black&quot;)

     difference(){

         union(){

             cylinder(h=wheel_w, r=wheel_r-9, center=true);

             for(a=[0:18:359])

                 rotate([0,0,a])

                     translate([wheel_r-11,0,0])

                         cube([18,9,wheel_w], center=true);

         }

         cylinder(h=wheel_w+4, r=8, center=true);          // axle bore

         for(a=[0:90:270])

             rotate([0,0,a])

                 translate([20,0,0])

                     cylinder(h=wheel_w+4, r=3, center=true); // hub bolts

     }

     color(&quot;DimGray&quot;)

         cylinder(h=wheel_w-4, r=wheel_r-9, center=true); // hub cap ring (visual)

 }

 module wheel_set(){

     positions = [

         [ wheelbase/2,  track/2, axle_z, &quot;FR&quot;],

         [ wheelbase/2, -track/2, axle_z, &quot;FL&quot;],

         [-wheelbase/2,  track/2, axle_z, &quot;RR&quot;],

         [-wheelbase/2, -track/2, axle_z, &quot;RL&quot;]

     ];

     for(p = positions){

         ex = explode ? (p[1] &gt; 0 ? ed*1.4 : -ed*1.4) : 0;

         translate([p[0], p[1]+ex, p[2]])

             rotate([90,0,0])

                 wheel();

         // motor + bracket travels with wheel in exploded view

         translate([p[0], p[1]+ex*0.6, p[2]])

             motor_unit(p[1] &gt; 0);

     }

 }

 /* ================================================================

    MOTOR + MOUNT BRACKET (geared DC motor, one per wheel)

    ================================================================ */

 module motor_unit(mirror_side){

     m = mirror_side ? -1 : 1;

     color(&quot;SlateGray&quot;){

         // gearbox block

         translate([0, m*15, 0]) cube([38,26,38], center=true);

         // motor can

         translate([0, m*38, 0]) rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=40, r=13);

     }

     // mounting bracket to chassis

     color(&quot;DarkSlateGray&quot;)

     difference(){

         translate([0, m*4, -22]) cube([40,10,26], center=true);

         for(z=[-8,8])

             translate([12, m*4, -22+z])

                 rotate([90,0,0]) cylinder(h=14, r=2.4, center=true);

     }

 }

 /* ================================================================

    CHASSIS — main structural plate + rails + wheel arches

    ================================================================ */

 module mount_hole_grid(){

     for(x=[-200:100:200])

         for(y=[-140,140])

             translate([x,y,0])

                 cylinder(h=chassis_t+6, r=3, center=true);

 }

 module chassis(){

     color([0.25,0.28,0.3])

     difference(){

         union(){

             // main plate

             cube([chassis_L, chassis_W, chassis_t], center=true);

             // side rails (rigidity + arm/panel mounting)

             for(y=[-1,1])

                 translate([0, y*(chassis_W/2-8), chassis_t/2+9])

                     cube([chassis_L-40, 8, 18], center=true);

             // front bumper reinforcement / arm mount base

             translate([chassis_L/2-10,0,chassis_t/2+15])

                 cube([20,120,30], center=true);

         }

         // battery drawer slot (opens at rear, -X)

         translate([bat_pos[0]-6, 0, chassis_t/2-2])

             cube([bat_L+10, bat_W+6, bat_H], center=true);

         // rear opening slit through end panel

         translate([-chassis_L/2+2,0,chassis_t/2-2])

             cube([12, bat_W+6, bat_H], center=true);

         // electronics bay recess

         translate([elec_pos[0], 0, chassis_t/2-2])

             cube([elec_L+6,
:''' parameters''':

:: '''size''' 
::: single value, cube with all sides this length
::: 3 value array [x,y,z], rectangular prism with dimensions x, y and z.
::  '''center'''
::: '''false''' (default), 1st (positive) octant, one corner at (0,0,0)
::: '''true''', cube is centered at (0,0,0)

 default values:  cube();   yields:  cube(size = [1, 1, 1], center = false);
:''' examples''':

[[File:OpenSCAD example Cube.jpg|150px]]

 equivalent scripts for this example
  cube(size = 18);
  cube(18);
  cube([18,18,18]);
  .
  cube(18,false);
  cube([18,18,18],false);
  cube([18,18,18],center=false);
  cube(size = [18,18,18], center = false);
  cube(center = false,size = [18,18,18] );

[[File:OpenSCAD example Box.jpg|150px]]

 equivalent scripts for this example
  cube([18,28,8],true);
  box=[18,28,8];cube(box,true);

=== sphere ===
----
Creates a sphere at the origin of the coordinate system. The r argument name is optional. To use d instead of r, d must be named.

'''Parameters'''

; r : Radius.  This is the radius of the sphere.
; d : Diameter.  This is the diameter of the sphere.

The resolution of the sphere is based on the size of the sphere and the '''$fa''', '''$fs''' and '''$fn''' variables. For more information on these special variables see [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#circleres|Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn]].

  default values:  sphere();   yields:   sphere($fn = 0, $fa = 12, $fs = 2, r = 1);

'''Usage Examples'''
 sphere(r = 1);
 sphere(r = 5);
 sphere(r = 10);
 sphere(d = 2);
 sphere(d = 10);
 sphere(d = 20);

 // this creates a high resolution sphere with a 2mm radius
 sphere(2, $fn=100); 

 // also creates a 2mm high resolution sphere but this one 
 // does not have as many small triangles on the poles of the sphere
 sphere(2, $fa=5, $fs=0.1); 

[[File:OpenSCAD sphere in different sizes.png|Sample OpenSCAD spheres, showing clearly the difference in scale.]]

=== cylinder ===
----
Creates a cylinder or cone centered about the z axis. When center is true, it is also centered vertically along the z axis.

Parameter names are optional if given in the order shown here. If a parameter is named, all following parameters must also be named.

 cylinder(h = height, r1 = BottomRadius, r2 = TopRadius, center = true/false);

NOTES: 

The 2nd &amp; 3rd positional parameters are r1 &amp; r2, if r, d, d1 or d2 are used they must be named.

Using r1 &amp; r2 or d1 &amp; d2 with either value of zero will make a cone shape, a non-zero non-equal value will produce a section of a cone (a [[w:Frustum|Conical Frustum]]). r1 &amp; d1 define the base width, at [0,0,0], and r2 &amp; d2 define the top width.
 
:'''Parameters'''

:: '''h''' : height of the cylinder or cone
:: '''r ''' : radius of cylinder. r1 = r2 = r.
:: '''r1''' : radius, bottom of cone.
:: '''r2''' : radius, top of cone.
:: '''d ''' : diameter of cylinder. r1 = r2 = d / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
:: '''d1''' : diameter, bottom of cone. r1 = d1 / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
:: '''d2''' : diameter, top of cone. r2 = d2 / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
::  '''center'''
::: '''false''' (default), z ranges from 0 to h
::: '''true''',  z ranges from -h/2 to +h/2

The resolution of a cylinder is based on its radius and the '''$fa''', '''$fs''' and '''$fn''' variables.  For a cone, the resolution is based on the radius of the larger end. For more information on these special variables see [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#circleres|Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn]].

 defaults: cylinder();  yields: cylinder($fn = 0, $fa = 12, $fs = 2, h = 1, r1 = 1, r2 = 1, center = false);

[[File:OpenSCAD Cone 15x10x20.jpg|200px]]
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=15, r1=9.5, r2=19.5, center=false);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5,    19.5, false);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5,    19.5);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5, d2=39  );
  cylinder(  15, d1=19,  d2=39  );
  cylinder(  15, d1=19,  r2=19.5);

[[File:OpenSCAD Cone 15x10x0.jpg|200px]]
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=15, r1=10, r2=0, center=true);
  cylinder(  15,    10,    0,        true);
  cylinder(h=15, d1=20, d2=0, center=true);

&lt;gallery&gt;
image:OpenSCAD Cylinder 20x10 false.jpg|center = false
File:OpenSCAD Cylinder 20x10 true.jpg|center = true
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=20, r=10, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,   10, 10,true);
  cylinder(  20, d=20, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,r1=10, d2=20, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,r1=10, d2=2*10, center=true);

:'''use of $fn'''
Larger values of $fn create smoother, more circular, surfaces at the cost of longer rendering time. Some use medium values during development for the faster rendering, then change to a larger value for the final F6 rendering. 

However, use of small values can produce some interesting non circular objects. A few examples are show here:
&lt;gallery&gt;
 File:3 sided fiqure.jpg 
 File:4 sided pyramid.jpg 
 File:4 sided part pyramid.jpg 
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 scripts for these examples
  cylinder(20,20,20,$fn=3);
  cylinder(20,20,00,$fn=4);
  cylinder(20,20,10,$fn=4);

:'''undersized holes'''
Using cylinder() with difference() to place holes in objects creates undersized holes. This is because circular paths are approximated with polygons inscribed within in a circle. The points of the polygon are on the circle, but straight lines between are inside. To have all of the hole larger than the true circle, the polygon must lie wholly outside of the circle (circumscribed). [[OpenSCAD User Manual/undersized circular objects|Modules for circumscribed holes]]

&lt;gallery&gt;
 File:OpenSCAD Under size hole.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 script for this example
  poly_n = 6;
  color(&quot;blue&quot;) translate([0, 0, 0.02]) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10, $fn=poly_n);
  color(&quot;green&quot;) translate([0, 0, 0.01]) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10, $fn=360);
  color(&quot;purple&quot;) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10/cos(180/poly_n), $fn=poly_n);

In general, a polygon of radius &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt; has a radius to the midpoint of any side as &lt;math&gt;r_m = r \cos(180/n)&lt;/math&gt;. If only the midpoint radius &lt;math&gt;r_m&lt;/math&gt; is known (for example, to fit a hex key into a hexagonal hole), then the polygon radius is &lt;math&gt;r = \frac{r_m}{\cos(180/n)}&lt;/math&gt;.

=== polyhedron ===
----
A polyhedron is the most general 3D primitive solid. It can be used to create any regular or irregular shape including those with concave as well as convex features. Curved surfaces are approximated by a series of flat surfaces.

 polyhedron( points = [ [X&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;], [X&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], triangles = [ [P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], convexity = N);   // before 2014.03
 polyhedron( points = [ [X&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;], [X&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], faces = [ [P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, ...], ...], convexity = N);   // 2014.03 &amp; later

:'''Parameters'''
:: '''points''' 
::: Vector of 3d points or vertices. Each point is in turn a vector, [x,y,z], of its coordinates. 
::: Points may be defined in any order. N points are referenced, in the order defined, as 0 to N-1.

:: '''triangles''' {{OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Deprecated|triangles|'''faces''' parameter}}
:::  Vector of faces that collectively enclose the solid. Each face is a vector containing the indices (0 based) of 3 points from the points vector.

:: '''faces''' {{requires|2014.03}}
:::  Vector of faces that collectively enclose the solid. Each face is a vector containing the indices (0 based) of 3 or more points from the points vector.
::: Faces may be defined in any order, but the points of each face must be ordered correctly (see below). Define enough faces to fully enclose the solid, with no overlap.
::: If points that describe a single face are not on the same plane, the face is automatically split into triangles as needed. 

:: '''convexity'''
::: Integer. The convexity parameter specifies the maximum number of faces a ray intersecting the object might penetrate. This parameter is needed only for correct display of the object in OpenCSG preview mode. It has no effect on the polyhedron rendering. For display problems, setting it to 10 should work fine for most cases.

  default values: polyhedron(); yields: polyhedron(points = undef, faces = undef, convexity = 1);

In the list of faces, for each face it is arbitrary which point you start with, but the points of the face (referenced by the index into the list of points) must be ordered in '''clockwise''' direction when looking at each face from outside '''inward'''. The back is viewed from the back, the bottom from the bottom, etc.

Another way to remember this ordering requirement is to use the '''left-hand rule'''. Using your left hand, stick your thumb up and curl your fingers as if giving the thumbs-up sign, point your thumb away from the face, and order the points in the direction your fingers curl (this is the opposite of the [[w:STL (file format)#Facet normal|STL file format]] convention, which uses a &quot;right-hand rule&quot;). Try this on the example below.

:'''Example 1''' Using polyhedron to generate cube( [ 10, 7, 5 ] ); 
[[File:Cube_numbers.jpg|frame|left|point numbers for cube]]
[[File:Cube_flat.jpg|frame|center|unfolded cube faces]] 
 &lt;br&gt;
 CubePoints = [
   [  0,  0,  0 ],  //0
   [ 10,  0,  0 ],  //1
   [ 10,  7,  0 ],  //2
   [  0,  7,  0 ],  //3
   [  0,  0,  5 ],  //4
   [ 10,  0,  5 ],  //5
   [ 10,  7,  5 ],  //6
   [  0,  7,  5 ]]; //7
   
 CubeFaces = [
   [0,1,2,3],  // bottom
   [4,5,1,0],  // front
   [7,6,5,4],  // top
   [5,6,2,1],  // right
   [6,7,3,2],  // back
   [7,4,0,3]]; // left
   
 polyhedron( CubePoints, CubeFaces );

 equivalent descriptions of the bottom face
   [0,1,2,3],
   [0,1,2,3,0],
   [1,2,3,0],
   [2,3,0,1],
   [3,0,1,2],
   [0,1,2],[2,3,0],   // 2 triangles with no overlap
   [1,2,3],[3,0,1],
   [1,2,3],[0,1,3],
:'''Example 2'''  A square base pyramid:

[[File:Openscad-polyhedron-squarebasepyramid.png|frame|none|A simple polyhedron, square base pyramid]]
 polyhedron(
   points=[ [10,10,0],[10,-10,0],[-10,-10,0],[-10,10,0], // the four points at base
            [0,0,10]  ],                                 // the apex point 
   faces=[ [0,1,4],[1,2,4],[2,3,4],[3,0,4],              // each triangle side
               [1,0,3],[2,1,3] ]                         // two triangles for square base
  );
:'''Example 3'''  A triangular prism:
[[File:OpenSCAD prism unfolded.png|none|thumb|600x600px|A polyhedron triangular prism; prism unfolded to show external faces]]
 
 module prism(l, w, h) {
     polyhedron(// pt      0        1        2        3        4        5
                points=[[0,0,0], [0,w,h], [l,w,h], [l,0,0], [0,w,0], [l,w,0]],
                // top sloping face (A)
                faces=[[0,1,2,3],
                // vertical rectangular face (B)
                [2,1,4,5],
                // bottom face (C)
                [0,3,5,4],
                // rear triangular face (D)
                [0,4,1],
                // front triangular face (E)
                [3,2,5]]
                );}&lt;br&gt;prism(10, 10, 5);
==== Debugging polyhedra ====
----
Mistakes in defining polyhedra include not having all faces in clockwise order (viewed from outside - a bottom need to be viewed from below), overlap of faces and missing faces or portions of faces. As a general rule, the polyhedron faces should also satisfy manifold conditions:
* exactly two faces should meet at any polyhedron edge.
* if two faces have a vertex in common, they should be in the same cycle face-edge around the vertex.
The first rule eliminates polyhedra like two cubes with a common edge and not watertight models; the second excludes polyhedra like two cubes with a common vertex.

When viewed from the outside, the points describing each face must be in the same clockwise order, and provides a mechanism for detecting counterclockwise.
When the thrown together view (F12) is used with F5, CCW faces are shown in pink. Reorder the points for incorrect faces. Rotate the object to view all faces. The pink view can be turned off with F10.

OpenSCAD allows, temporarily, commenting out part of the face descriptions so that only the remaining faces are displayed. Use // to comment out the rest of the line. Use /* and */ to start and end a comment block. This can be part of a line or extend over several lines. Viewing only part of the faces can be helpful in determining the right points for an individual face. Note that a solid is not shown, only the faces. If using F12, all faces have one pink side. Commenting some faces helps also to show any internal face.


[[File:Cube_2_face.jpg|frame|left|example 1 showing only 2 faces]]

 CubeFaces = [
 /* [0,1,2,3],  // bottom
    [4,5,1,0],  // front */
    [7,6,5,4],  // top
 /* [5,6,2,1],  // right
    [6,7,3,2],  // back */
    [7,4,0,3]]; // left
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;

After defining a polyhedron, its preview may seem correct. The polyhedron alone may even render fine. However, to be sure it is a valid manifold and that it can generate a valid STL file, union it with any cube and render it (F6). If the polyhedron disappears, it means that it is not correct. Revise the winding order of all faces and the two rules stated above.

==== Mis-ordered faces ====
----
:'''Example 4'''  a more complex polyhedron with mis-ordered faces
When you select 'Thrown together' from the view menu and '''compile (preview F5)''' the design
('''not''' compile and render!) the preview shows the mis-oriented polygons highlighted. Unfortunately this highlighting is not possible in the OpenCSG preview mode because it would interfere with the way the OpenCSG preview mode is implemented.)

Below you can see the code and the picture of such a problematic polyhedron, the bad polygons (faces or compositions of faces) are in pink.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;
// Bad polyhedron
polyhedron
    (points = [
	       [0, -10, 60], [0, 10, 60], [0, 10, 0], [0, -10, 0], [60, -10, 60], [60, 10, 60], 
	       [10, -10, 50], [10, 10, 50], [10, 10, 30], [10, -10, 30], [30, -10, 50], [30, 10, 50]
	       ], 
     faces = [
		  [0,2,3],   [0,1,2],  [0,4,5],  [0,5,1],   [5,4,2],  [2,4,3],
                  [6,8,9],  [6,7,8],  [6,10,11], [6,11,7], [10,8,11],
		  [10,9,8], [0,3,9],  [9,0,6], [10,6, 0],  [0,4,10],
                  [3,9,10], [3,10,4], [1,7,11],  [1,11,5], [1,7,8],  
                  [1,8,2],  [2,8,11], [2,11,5]
		  ]
     );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
[[image:openscad-bad-polyhedron.png|frame|none|Polyhedron with badly oriented polygons]]

A correct polyhedron would be the following:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;
polyhedron
    (points = [
	       [0, -10, 60], [0, 10, 60], [0, 10, 0], [0, -10, 0], [60, -10, 60], [60, 10, 60], 
	       [10, -10, 50], [10, 10, 50], [10, 10, 30], [10, -10, 30], [30, -10, 50], [30, 10, 50]
	       ], 
     faces = [
		  [0,3,2],  [0,2,1],  [4,0,5],  [5,0,1],  [5,2,4],  [4,2,3],
                  [6,8,9],  [6,7,8],  [6,10,11],[6,11,7], [10,8,11],
		  [10,9,8], [3,0,9],  [9,0,6],  [10,6, 0],[0,4,10],
                  [3,9,10], [3,10,4], [1,7,11], [1,11,5], [1,8,7],  
                  [2,8,1],  [8,2,11], [5,11,2]
		  ]
     );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

;Beginner's tip

If you don't really understand &quot;orientation&quot;, try to identify the mis-oriented pink faces and then invert the sequence of the references to the points vectors until you get it right. E.g. in the above example, the third triangle (''[0,4,5]'') was wrong and we fixed it as ''[4,0,5]''. Remember that a face list is a circular list. In addition, you may select &quot;Show Edges&quot; from the &quot;View Menu&quot;, print a screen capture and number both the points and the faces.  In our example, the points are annotated in black and the faces in blue. Turn the object around and make a second copy from the back if needed. This way you can keep track.

;“Clockwise” technique

Orientation is determined by clockwise circular indexing. This means that if you're looking at the triangle (in this case [4,0,5]) from the outside you'll see that the path is clockwise around the center of the face. The winding order [4,0,5] is clockwise and therefore good.  The winding order [0,4,5] is counter-clockwise and therefore bad. Likewise, any other clockwise order of [4,0,5] works: [5,4,0] &amp; [0,5,4] are good too. If you use the clockwise technique, you'll always have your faces outside (outside of OpenSCAD, other programs do use counter-clockwise as the outside though).

Think of it as a &quot;left hand rule&quot;:

If you place your left hand on the face with your fingers curled in the direction of the order of the points, your thumb should point outward. If your thumb points inward, you need to reverse the winding order.

[[image:openscad-bad-polyhedron-annotated.png|frame|none|Polyhedron with badly oriented polygons]]

Succinct description of a 'Polyhedron'

* Points define all of the points/vertices in the shape.
* Faces is a list of polygons that connect up the points/vertices. 

Each point, in the point list, is defined with a 3-tuple x,y,z position specification. Points in the point list are automatically enumerated starting from zero for use in the faces list (0,1,2,3,... etc).

Each face, in the faces list, is defined by selecting 3 or more of the points (using the point order number) out of the point list.

e.g. faces=[ [0,1,2] ] defines a triangle from the first point (points are zero referenced) to the second point and then to the third point.

When looking at any face from the outside, the face must list all points in a clockwise order.

==== Point repetitions in a polyhedron point list ====
The point list of the polyhedron definition may have repetitions. When two or more points have the same coordinates they are considered the same polyhedron vertex. So, the following polyhedron:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
points = [[ 0, 0, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0],
          [ 0,10, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0, 0,10],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 0,10], [10, 0, 0],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0], [ 0, 0,10]];
polyhedron(points, [[0,1,2], [3,4,5], [6,7,8], [9,10,11], [12,13,14]]);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

define the same tetrahedron as:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
points = [[0,0,0], [0,10,0], [10,0,0], [0,0,10]];
polyhedron(points, [[0,2,1], [0,1,3], [1,2,3], [0,3,2]]);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5p7d758ygpqxqdteq7p63e9hxkl3vb5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669148</id>
      <parentid>4669119</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T07:12:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-48340-21</username>
        <id>3625369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4669119|4669119]] by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-48431-99|~2026-48431-99]] ([[User talk:~2026-48431-99|discuss]])</comment>
      <origin>4669148</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18673" sha1="4q797fi1cyc663q0gmqlgsimw6zm02j" xml:space="preserve">=== cube ===
----
Creates a cube or rectangular prism (i.e., a &quot;box&quot;) in the first [[w:Octant_(solid_geometry)|octant]]. When center is true, the cube is centered on the origin. Argument names are optional if given in the order shown here.
 cube(size = [x,y,z], center = true/false);
 cube(size =  x ,     center = true/false);

:''' parameters''':

:: '''size''' 
::: single value, cube with all sides this length
::: 3 value array [x,y,z], rectangular prism with dimensions x, y and z.
::  '''center'''
::: '''false''' (default), 1st (positive) octant, one corner at (0,0,0)
::: '''true''', cube is centered at (0,0,0)

 default values:  cube();   yields:  cube(size = [1, 1, 1], center = false);
:''' examples''':

[[File:OpenSCAD example Cube.jpg|150px]]

 equivalent scripts for this example
  cube(size = 18);
  cube(18);
  cube([18,18,18]);
  .
  cube(18,false);
  cube([18,18,18],false);
  cube([18,18,18],center=false);
  cube(size = [18,18,18], center = false);
  cube(center = false,size = [18,18,18] );

[[File:OpenSCAD example Box.jpg|150px]]

 equivalent scripts for this example
  cube([18,28,8],true);
  box=[18,28,8];cube(box,true);

=== sphere ===
----
Creates a sphere at the origin of the coordinate system. The r argument name is optional. To use d instead of r, d must be named.

'''Parameters'''

; r : Radius.  This is the radius of the sphere.
; d : Diameter.  This is the diameter of the sphere.

The resolution of the sphere is based on the size of the sphere and the '''$fa''', '''$fs''' and '''$fn''' variables. For more information on these special variables see [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#circleres|Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn]].

  default values:  sphere();   yields:   sphere($fn = 0, $fa = 12, $fs = 2, r = 1);

'''Usage Examples'''
 sphere(r = 1);
 sphere(r = 5);
 sphere(r = 10);
 sphere(d = 2);
 sphere(d = 10);
 sphere(d = 20);

 // this creates a high resolution sphere with a 2mm radius
 sphere(2, $fn=100); 

 // also creates a 2mm high resolution sphere but this one 
 // does not have as many small triangles on the poles of the sphere
 sphere(2, $fa=5, $fs=0.1); 

[[File:OpenSCAD sphere in different sizes.png|Sample OpenSCAD spheres, showing clearly the difference in scale.]]

=== cylinder ===
----
Creates a cylinder or cone centered about the z axis. When center is true, it is also centered vertically along the z axis.

Parameter names are optional if given in the order shown here. If a parameter is named, all following parameters must also be named.

 cylinder(h = height, r1 = BottomRadius, r2 = TopRadius, center = true/false);

NOTES: 

The 2nd &amp; 3rd positional parameters are r1 &amp; r2, if r, d, d1 or d2 are used they must be named.

Using r1 &amp; r2 or d1 &amp; d2 with either value of zero will make a cone shape, a non-zero non-equal value will produce a section of a cone (a [[w:Frustum|Conical Frustum]]). r1 &amp; d1 define the base width, at [0,0,0], and r2 &amp; d2 define the top width.
 
:'''Parameters'''

:: '''h''' : height of the cylinder or cone
:: '''r ''' : radius of cylinder. r1 = r2 = r.
:: '''r1''' : radius, bottom of cone.
:: '''r2''' : radius, top of cone.
:: '''d ''' : diameter of cylinder. r1 = r2 = d / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
:: '''d1''' : diameter, bottom of cone. r1 = d1 / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
:: '''d2''' : diameter, top of cone. r2 = d2 / 2. {{requires|2014.03}}
::  '''center'''
::: '''false''' (default), z ranges from 0 to h
::: '''true''',  z ranges from -h/2 to +h/2

The resolution of a cylinder is based on its radius and the '''$fa''', '''$fs''' and '''$fn''' variables.  For a cone, the resolution is based on the radius of the larger end. For more information on these special variables see [[OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Other_Language_Features#circleres|Circle resolution: $fa, $fs, and $fn]].

 defaults: cylinder();  yields: cylinder($fn = 0, $fa = 12, $fs = 2, h = 1, r1 = 1, r2 = 1, center = false);

[[File:OpenSCAD Cone 15x10x20.jpg|200px]]
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=15, r1=9.5, r2=19.5, center=false);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5,    19.5, false);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5,    19.5);
  cylinder(  15,    9.5, d2=39  );
  cylinder(  15, d1=19,  d2=39  );
  cylinder(  15, d1=19,  r2=19.5);

[[File:OpenSCAD Cone 15x10x0.jpg|200px]]
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=15, r1=10, r2=0, center=true);
  cylinder(  15,    10,    0,        true);
  cylinder(h=15, d1=20, d2=0, center=true);

&lt;gallery&gt;
image:OpenSCAD Cylinder 20x10 false.jpg|center = false
File:OpenSCAD Cylinder 20x10 true.jpg|center = true
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 equivalent scripts
  cylinder(h=20, r=10, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,   10, 10,true);
  cylinder(  20, d=20, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,r1=10, d2=20, center=true);
  cylinder(  20,r1=10, d2=2*10, center=true);

:'''use of $fn'''
Larger values of $fn create smoother, more circular, surfaces at the cost of longer rendering time. Some use medium values during development for the faster rendering, then change to a larger value for the final F6 rendering. 

However, use of small values can produce some interesting non circular objects. A few examples are show here:
&lt;gallery&gt;
 File:3 sided fiqure.jpg 
 File:4 sided pyramid.jpg 
 File:4 sided part pyramid.jpg 
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 scripts for these examples
  cylinder(20,20,20,$fn=3);
  cylinder(20,20,00,$fn=4);
  cylinder(20,20,10,$fn=4);

:'''undersized holes'''
Using cylinder() with difference() to place holes in objects creates undersized holes. This is because circular paths are approximated with polygons inscribed within in a circle. The points of the polygon are on the circle, but straight lines between are inside. To have all of the hole larger than the true circle, the polygon must lie wholly outside of the circle (circumscribed). [[OpenSCAD User Manual/undersized circular objects|Modules for circumscribed holes]]

&lt;gallery&gt;
 File:OpenSCAD Under size hole.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
 script for this example
  poly_n = 6;
  color(&quot;blue&quot;) translate([0, 0, 0.02]) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10, $fn=poly_n);
  color(&quot;green&quot;) translate([0, 0, 0.01]) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10, $fn=360);
  color(&quot;purple&quot;) linear_extrude(0.1) circle(10/cos(180/poly_n), $fn=poly_n);

In general, a polygon of radius &lt;math&gt;r&lt;/math&gt; has a radius to the midpoint of any side as &lt;math&gt;r_m = r \cos(180/n)&lt;/math&gt;. If only the midpoint radius &lt;math&gt;r_m&lt;/math&gt; is known (for example, to fit a hex key into a hexagonal hole), then the polygon radius is &lt;math&gt;r = \frac{r_m}{\cos(180/n)}&lt;/math&gt;.

=== polyhedron ===
----
A polyhedron is the most general 3D primitive solid. It can be used to create any regular or irregular shape including those with concave as well as convex features. Curved surfaces are approximated by a series of flat surfaces.

 polyhedron( points = [ [X&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;], [X&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], triangles = [ [P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], convexity = N);   // before 2014.03
 polyhedron( points = [ [X&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;], [X&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Y&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, Z&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;], ... ], faces = [ [P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, ...], ...], convexity = N);   // 2014.03 &amp; later

:'''Parameters'''
:: '''points''' 
::: Vector of 3d points or vertices. Each point is in turn a vector, [x,y,z], of its coordinates. 
::: Points may be defined in any order. N points are referenced, in the order defined, as 0 to N-1.

:: '''triangles''' {{OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Deprecated|triangles|'''faces''' parameter}}
:::  Vector of faces that collectively enclose the solid. Each face is a vector containing the indices (0 based) of 3 points from the points vector.

:: '''faces''' {{requires|2014.03}}
:::  Vector of faces that collectively enclose the solid. Each face is a vector containing the indices (0 based) of 3 or more points from the points vector.
::: Faces may be defined in any order, but the points of each face must be ordered correctly (see below). Define enough faces to fully enclose the solid, with no overlap.
::: If points that describe a single face are not on the same plane, the face is automatically split into triangles as needed. 

:: '''convexity'''
::: Integer. The convexity parameter specifies the maximum number of faces a ray intersecting the object might penetrate. This parameter is needed only for correct display of the object in OpenCSG preview mode. It has no effect on the polyhedron rendering. For display problems, setting it to 10 should work fine for most cases.

  default values: polyhedron(); yields: polyhedron(points = undef, faces = undef, convexity = 1);

In the list of faces, for each face it is arbitrary which point you start with, but the points of the face (referenced by the index into the list of points) must be ordered in '''clockwise''' direction when looking at each face from outside '''inward'''. The back is viewed from the back, the bottom from the bottom, etc.

Another way to remember this ordering requirement is to use the '''left-hand rule'''. Using your left hand, stick your thumb up and curl your fingers as if giving the thumbs-up sign, point your thumb away from the face, and order the points in the direction your fingers curl (this is the opposite of the [[w:STL (file format)#Facet normal|STL file format]] convention, which uses a &quot;right-hand rule&quot;). Try this on the example below.

:'''Example 1''' Using polyhedron to generate cube( [ 10, 7, 5 ] ); 
[[File:Cube_numbers.jpg|frame|left|point numbers for cube]]
[[File:Cube_flat.jpg|frame|center|unfolded cube faces]] 
 &lt;br&gt;
 CubePoints = [
   [  0,  0,  0 ],  //0
   [ 10,  0,  0 ],  //1
   [ 10,  7,  0 ],  //2
   [  0,  7,  0 ],  //3
   [  0,  0,  5 ],  //4
   [ 10,  0,  5 ],  //5
   [ 10,  7,  5 ],  //6
   [  0,  7,  5 ]]; //7
   
 CubeFaces = [
   [0,1,2,3],  // bottom
   [4,5,1,0],  // front
   [7,6,5,4],  // top
   [5,6,2,1],  // right
   [6,7,3,2],  // back
   [7,4,0,3]]; // left
   
 polyhedron( CubePoints, CubeFaces );

 equivalent descriptions of the bottom face
   [0,1,2,3],
   [0,1,2,3,0],
   [1,2,3,0],
   [2,3,0,1],
   [3,0,1,2],
   [0,1,2],[2,3,0],   // 2 triangles with no overlap
   [1,2,3],[3,0,1],
   [1,2,3],[0,1,3],
:'''Example 2'''  A square base pyramid:

[[File:Openscad-polyhedron-squarebasepyramid.png|frame|none|A simple polyhedron, square base pyramid]]
 polyhedron(
   points=[ [10,10,0],[10,-10,0],[-10,-10,0],[-10,10,0], // the four points at base
            [0,0,10]  ],                                 // the apex point 
   faces=[ [0,1,4],[1,2,4],[2,3,4],[3,0,4],              // each triangle side
               [1,0,3],[2,1,3] ]                         // two triangles for square base
  );
:'''Example 3'''  A triangular prism:
[[File:OpenSCAD prism unfolded.png|none|thumb|600x600px|A polyhedron triangular prism; prism unfolded to show external faces]]
 
 module prism(l, w, h) {
     polyhedron(// pt      0        1        2        3        4        5
                points=[[0,0,0], [0,w,h], [l,w,h], [l,0,0], [0,w,0], [l,w,0]],
                // top sloping face (A)
                faces=[[0,1,2,3],
                // vertical rectangular face (B)
                [2,1,4,5],
                // bottom face (C)
                [0,3,5,4],
                // rear triangular face (D)
                [0,4,1],
                // front triangular face (E)
                [3,2,5]]
                );}&lt;br&gt;prism(10, 10, 5);
==== Debugging polyhedra ====
----
Mistakes in defining polyhedra include not having all faces in clockwise order (viewed from outside - a bottom need to be viewed from below), overlap of faces and missing faces or portions of faces. As a general rule, the polyhedron faces should also satisfy manifold conditions:
* exactly two faces should meet at any polyhedron edge.
* if two faces have a vertex in common, they should be in the same cycle face-edge around the vertex.
The first rule eliminates polyhedra like two cubes with a common edge and not watertight models; the second excludes polyhedra like two cubes with a common vertex.

When viewed from the outside, the points describing each face must be in the same clockwise order, and provides a mechanism for detecting counterclockwise.
When the thrown together view (F12) is used with F5, CCW faces are shown in pink. Reorder the points for incorrect faces. Rotate the object to view all faces. The pink view can be turned off with F10.

OpenSCAD allows, temporarily, commenting out part of the face descriptions so that only the remaining faces are displayed. Use // to comment out the rest of the line. Use /* and */ to start and end a comment block. This can be part of a line or extend over several lines. Viewing only part of the faces can be helpful in determining the right points for an individual face. Note that a solid is not shown, only the faces. If using F12, all faces have one pink side. Commenting some faces helps also to show any internal face.


[[File:Cube_2_face.jpg|frame|left|example 1 showing only 2 faces]]

 CubeFaces = [
 /* [0,1,2,3],  // bottom
    [4,5,1,0],  // front */
    [7,6,5,4],  // top
 /* [5,6,2,1],  // right
    [6,7,3,2],  // back */
    [7,4,0,3]]; // left
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;&gt;

After defining a polyhedron, its preview may seem correct. The polyhedron alone may even render fine. However, to be sure it is a valid manifold and that it can generate a valid STL file, union it with any cube and render it (F6). If the polyhedron disappears, it means that it is not correct. Revise the winding order of all faces and the two rules stated above.

==== Mis-ordered faces ====
----
:'''Example 4'''  a more complex polyhedron with mis-ordered faces
When you select 'Thrown together' from the view menu and '''compile (preview F5)''' the design
('''not''' compile and render!) the preview shows the mis-oriented polygons highlighted. Unfortunately this highlighting is not possible in the OpenCSG preview mode because it would interfere with the way the OpenCSG preview mode is implemented.)

Below you can see the code and the picture of such a problematic polyhedron, the bad polygons (faces or compositions of faces) are in pink.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;
// Bad polyhedron
polyhedron
    (points = [
	       [0, -10, 60], [0, 10, 60], [0, 10, 0], [0, -10, 0], [60, -10, 60], [60, 10, 60], 
	       [10, -10, 50], [10, 10, 50], [10, 10, 30], [10, -10, 30], [30, -10, 50], [30, 10, 50]
	       ], 
     faces = [
		  [0,2,3],   [0,1,2],  [0,4,5],  [0,5,1],   [5,4,2],  [2,4,3],
                  [6,8,9],  [6,7,8],  [6,10,11], [6,11,7], [10,8,11],
		  [10,9,8], [0,3,9],  [9,0,6], [10,6, 0],  [0,4,10],
                  [3,9,10], [3,10,4], [1,7,11],  [1,11,5], [1,7,8],  
                  [1,8,2],  [2,8,11], [2,11,5]
		  ]
     );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
[[image:openscad-bad-polyhedron.png|frame|none|Polyhedron with badly oriented polygons]]

A correct polyhedron would be the following:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;
polyhedron
    (points = [
	       [0, -10, 60], [0, 10, 60], [0, 10, 0], [0, -10, 0], [60, -10, 60], [60, 10, 60], 
	       [10, -10, 50], [10, 10, 50], [10, 10, 30], [10, -10, 30], [30, -10, 50], [30, 10, 50]
	       ], 
     faces = [
		  [0,3,2],  [0,2,1],  [4,0,5],  [5,0,1],  [5,2,4],  [4,2,3],
                  [6,8,9],  [6,7,8],  [6,10,11],[6,11,7], [10,8,11],
		  [10,9,8], [3,0,9],  [9,0,6],  [10,6, 0],[0,4,10],
                  [3,9,10], [3,10,4], [1,7,11], [1,11,5], [1,8,7],  
                  [2,8,1],  [8,2,11], [5,11,2]
		  ]
     );
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

;Beginner's tip

If you don't really understand &quot;orientation&quot;, try to identify the mis-oriented pink faces and then invert the sequence of the references to the points vectors until you get it right. E.g. in the above example, the third triangle (''[0,4,5]'') was wrong and we fixed it as ''[4,0,5]''. Remember that a face list is a circular list. In addition, you may select &quot;Show Edges&quot; from the &quot;View Menu&quot;, print a screen capture and number both the points and the faces.  In our example, the points are annotated in black and the faces in blue. Turn the object around and make a second copy from the back if needed. This way you can keep track.

;“Clockwise” technique

Orientation is determined by clockwise circular indexing. This means that if you're looking at the triangle (in this case [4,0,5]) from the outside you'll see that the path is clockwise around the center of the face. The winding order [4,0,5] is clockwise and therefore good.  The winding order [0,4,5] is counter-clockwise and therefore bad. Likewise, any other clockwise order of [4,0,5] works: [5,4,0] &amp; [0,5,4] are good too. If you use the clockwise technique, you'll always have your faces outside (outside of OpenSCAD, other programs do use counter-clockwise as the outside though).

Think of it as a &quot;left hand rule&quot;:

If you place your left hand on the face with your fingers curled in the direction of the order of the points, your thumb should point outward. If your thumb points inward, you need to reverse the winding order.

[[image:openscad-bad-polyhedron-annotated.png|frame|none|Polyhedron with badly oriented polygons]]

Succinct description of a 'Polyhedron'

* Points define all of the points/vertices in the shape.
* Faces is a list of polygons that connect up the points/vertices. 

Each point, in the point list, is defined with a 3-tuple x,y,z position specification. Points in the point list are automatically enumerated starting from zero for use in the faces list (0,1,2,3,... etc).

Each face, in the faces list, is defined by selecting 3 or more of the points (using the point order number) out of the point list.

e.g. faces=[ [0,1,2] ] defines a triangle from the first point (points are zero referenced) to the second point and then to the third point.

When looking at any face from the outside, the face must list all points in a clockwise order.

==== Point repetitions in a polyhedron point list ====
The point list of the polyhedron definition may have repetitions. When two or more points have the same coordinates they are considered the same polyhedron vertex. So, the following polyhedron:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
points = [[ 0, 0, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0],
          [ 0,10, 0], [10, 0, 0], [ 0, 0,10],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [ 0, 0,10], [10, 0, 0],
          [ 0, 0, 0], [ 0,10, 0], [ 0, 0,10]];
polyhedron(points, [[0,1,2], [3,4,5], [6,7,8], [9,10,11], [12,13,14]]);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

define the same tetrahedron as:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
points = [[0,0,0], [0,10,0], [10,0,0], [0,0,10]];
polyhedron(points, [[0,2,1], [0,1,3], [1,2,3], [0,3,2]]);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4q797fi1cyc663q0gmqlgsimw6zm02j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/User/Applications</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>237399</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669145</id>
      <parentid>4667379</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T06:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4669145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="237678" sha1="gb43qxnr0jyhfa1d27jnwurimqizksh" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Odyssey 2.0, [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [https://clipgrab.org/ clipgrab],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Old style E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc], Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;RSS 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/Team-Boingo/AmiRSS AmiRSS src]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ 3doc.i386-aros], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Suite 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Softwood Final Office], [ Wordworth Office], [ Digita Office],  [ The Works!], [ Europress Mini Office], [], [ Papyrus Office Demo], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Desktop 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Wanderer, Scalos, Workbook, DOpus5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://github.com/zapek/Ambient Ambient Src]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers, [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT MintPRINT AirPrint IPP], [ Ghostscript], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT MintPRINT IPP], [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirprint AmiAirprint], [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]*, [ GutenPrint], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG], [https://github.com/serk118/designworks-aros designworks aros 64bit]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib] [https://gitlab.com/kode54/psflib with pfslib], [], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [ RNOTunes], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, [https://codeberg.org/tygre/amimodradio amimodradio]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], [ Samplitude], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and musical notes on manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction Set DMCS2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude]*, Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Processing like easyeffects so having limiter, compressor, convolver, equalizer and auto volume and many other plugins 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create Edit Individual Video - Amiga like OSs have no pro NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live2D models with Cubism type editor or [https://github.com/AyagamiDev/ayagami ayagami] like with zipped moc3 with model metadata (model3, cdi3) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for online live 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility md5sum], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool asum], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/stefanskotte/hdpart hdpart], [https://github.com/ChuckyGang/AmiPart AmiPart], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair and backups 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/quarterback_src Quarterback Tools C and asm src], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Disk check, integrity and history [https://github.com/smartmontools/smartmontools smart tools], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/aidea/ AIDEa], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/], [https://github.com/kermitfrog/Amiga-Re-Engineering Rust, Ghidra and FS-UAE], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Custom App Language Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat, [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility Flexcat GUI], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Echo &quot; &quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1 inbuilt], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM radio, amateur radio, packet radio, bbs  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/punktniklas/NiKom NiKom], [https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Home Assistant 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha HA]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [https://github.com/QSPFoundation/qspgui Quest Soft Player QSP], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=180&amp;pid=12934#post_12934 Balatro], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/driving/dethrace-0.10.1.x86_64-aros-v11.zip Carmageddon dethrace 64bit], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/gta-reversed/gta-reversed gta3 sa], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [https://github.com/bohemiainteractive/cwr Arma Cold War Src], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, [https://github.com/angree/openttd_amiga_68k openttd amiga_68k], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=180&amp;pid=12871#post_12871 Plants vs Zombies PvZ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/diane1f0cd/VisualNovelTemplate Visual Novel Template], [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [https://github.com/tejasnayak25/vnsutra vnsutra], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES-Raylib https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES VNES in Raylib], [https://www.renpy.org/latest.html renpy ren'py python based], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. [https://www.bilibili.tv/en/search untested] 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
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==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Odyssey 2.0, [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [https://clipgrab.org/ clipgrab],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Old style E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc], Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;RSS 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/Team-Boingo/AmiRSS AmiRSS src]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;AI
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/murinsel/AmigaAI Claude], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ 3doc.i386-aros], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Suite 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Softwood Final Office], [ Wordworth Office], [ Digita Office],  [ The Works!], [ Europress Mini Office], [], [ Papyrus Office Demo], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Desktop 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Wanderer, Scalos, Workbook, DOpus5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://github.com/zapek/Ambient Ambient Src]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers, [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT MintPRINT AirPrint IPP], [ Ghostscript], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT MintPRINT IPP], [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirprint AmiAirprint], [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]*, [ GutenPrint], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG], [https://github.com/serk118/designworks-aros designworks aros 64bit]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib] [https://gitlab.com/kode54/psflib with pfslib], [], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [ RNOTunes], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, [https://codeberg.org/tygre/amimodradio amimodradio]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], [ Samplitude], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and musical notes on manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction Set DMCS2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude]*, Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Processing like easyeffects so having limiter, compressor, convolver, equalizer and auto volume and many other plugins 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create Edit Individual Video - Amiga like OSs have no pro NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live2D models with Cubism type editor or [https://github.com/AyagamiDev/ayagami ayagami] like with zipped moc3 with model metadata (model3, cdi3) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for online live 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility md5sum], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool asum], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/stefanskotte/hdpart hdpart], [https://github.com/ChuckyGang/AmiPart AmiPart], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair and backups 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/quarterback_src Quarterback Tools C and asm src], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Disk check, integrity and history [https://github.com/smartmontools/smartmontools smart tools], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/aidea/ AIDEa], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/], [https://github.com/kermitfrog/Amiga-Re-Engineering Rust, Ghidra and FS-UAE], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Custom App Language Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat, [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility Flexcat GUI], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Echo &quot; &quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1 inbuilt], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM radio, amateur radio, packet radio, bbs  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/punktniklas/NiKom NiKom], [https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Home Assistant 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha HA]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [https://github.com/QSPFoundation/qspgui Quest Soft Player QSP], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=180&amp;pid=12934#post_12934 Balatro], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/driving/dethrace-0.10.1.x86_64-aros-v11.zip Carmageddon dethrace 64bit], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/gta-reversed/gta-reversed gta3 sa], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [https://github.com/bohemiainteractive/cwr Arma Cold War Src], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, [https://github.com/angree/openttd_amiga_68k openttd amiga_68k], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=180&amp;pid=12871#post_12871 Plants vs Zombies PvZ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/diane1f0cd/VisualNovelTemplate Visual Novel Template], [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [https://github.com/tejasnayak25/vnsutra vnsutra], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES-Raylib https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES VNES in Raylib], [https://www.renpy.org/latest.html renpy ren'py python based], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. [https://www.bilibili.tv/en/search untested] 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669147</id>
      <parentid>4669146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-07T07:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
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==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Odyssey 2.0, [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [https://clipgrab.org/ clipgrab],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Old style E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc], Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;RSS 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/Team-Boingo/AmiRSS AmiRSS src]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;AI
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/murinsel/AmigaAI Claude], [https://github.com/geekychris/amiga_mcp AI on host machine], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ 3doc.i386-aros], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Suite 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Softwood Final Office], [ Wordworth Office], [ Digita Office],  [ The Works!], [ Europress Mini Office], [], [ Papyrus Office Demo], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Desktop 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Wanderer, Scalos, Workbook, DOpus5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://github.com/zapek/Ambient Ambient Src]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers, [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT MintPRINT AirPrint IPP], [ Ghostscript], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT MintPRINT IPP], [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirprint AmiAirprint], [http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]*, [ GutenPrint], [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, [https://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/NetPrinter NetPrinter LPR], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG], [https://github.com/serk118/designworks-aros designworks aros 64bit]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib] [https://gitlab.com/kode54/psflib with pfslib], [], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [ RNOTunes], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, [https://codeberg.org/tygre/amimodradio amimodradio]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], [ Samplitude], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and musical notes on manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction Set DMCS2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude]*, Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Processing like easyeffects so having limiter, compressor, convolver, equalizer and auto volume and many other plugins 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create Edit Individual Video - Amiga like OSs have no pro NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live2D models with Cubism type editor or [https://github.com/AyagamiDev/ayagami ayagami] like with zipped moc3 with model metadata (model3, cdi3) 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for online live 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 Dopus5 Magellan], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility md5sum], [https://arosarchives.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool asum], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/stefanskotte/hdpart hdpart], [https://github.com/ChuckyGang/AmiPart AmiPart], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair and backups 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/disk/bakup/quarterback_src Quarterback Tools C and asm src], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Disk check, integrity and history [https://github.com/smartmontools/smartmontools smart tools], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/aidea/ AIDEa], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/], [https://github.com/kermitfrog/Amiga-Re-Engineering Rust, Ghidra and FS-UAE], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Custom App Language Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat, [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility Flexcat GUI], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Echo &quot; &quot; &gt;SPEAK:A1 inbuilt], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM radio, amateur radio, packet radio, bbs  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/punktniklas/NiKom NiKom], [https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Home Assistant 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/evil4dmin/ami2ha HA]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [https://github.com/QSPFoundation/qspgui Quest Soft Player QSP], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=180&amp;pid=12934#post_12934 Balatro], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/driving/dethrace-0.10.1.x86_64-aros-v11.zip Carmageddon dethrace 64bit], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/gta-reversed/gta-reversed gta3 sa], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [https://github.com/bohemiainteractive/cwr Arma Cold War Src], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, [https://github.com/angree/openttd_amiga_68k openttd amiga_68k], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=180&amp;pid=12871#post_12871 Plants vs Zombies PvZ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/diane1f0cd/VisualNovelTemplate Visual Novel Template], [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [https://github.com/tejasnayak25/vnsutra vnsutra], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES-Raylib https://github.com/NathanGuilhot/VNES VNES in Raylib], [https://www.renpy.org/latest.html renpy ren'py python based], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. [https://www.bilibili.tv/en/search untested] 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7ms0g8v8v7emb4tbjbxh1ua0q0w3e6r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ordinary Differential Equations/Linear Systems</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>260246</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669128</id>
      <parentid>2466242</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T19:12:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IanVG</username>
        <id>3323284</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added problem about real distinct eigenvalues</comment>
      <origin>4669128</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4590" sha1="0oz1dx2stc2lrg14ct6jnenfl48k0rt" xml:space="preserve">A system of differential equations is a collection of two or more differential equations, which each ODE may depend upon the other unknown function.

For example consider the equations:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x'(t)=2x(t)+y(t)\\ y'(t)=3y(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case the equation for differential equation for &lt;math&gt;x'(t)&lt;/math&gt; depends on both &lt;math&gt;x(t)&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y(t)&lt;/math&gt;.  In principle we could also allow &lt;math&gt;y'(t)&lt;/math&gt; to depend on both &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;, but it is not necessary.

Notice in some cases we find a solution for a system of ODE's.  For example in the case above, because &lt;math&gt;y'&lt;/math&gt; doesn't depend on &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; we can solve the second equation (by separating variables or using an integrating factor) to get that &lt;math&gt;y=C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  Since there will be a second constant when we solve the first ODE, we choose to call the constant here &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Now we can plug this into the first equation to get that:
&lt;math&gt;x'=2x+C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  We can solve this equation by using an integrating factor to get that:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x(t)=C_1e^{2t}+C_2e^{3t}\\y(t)=C_2e^{3t}\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In other cases a clever change of variables allows one to separate the two ODE's. Consider the system 
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x_1'(t)=4x_1(t)+2x_2(t)\\ x_2'(t)=2x_1(t)+4x_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;.  

If we let &lt;math&gt;y_1=x_1+x_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=x_1-x_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Then we find that  

:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}y_1'(t)=6y_1(t)\\ y_2'(t)=2y_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

and each of these are easy to solve: &lt;math&gt;y_1=C_1e^{6t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  And so we find &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}+C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}-C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  It turns out to be helpful with systems to work with vectors and matrices so if we introduce &lt;math&gt;\textstyle\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}x_1(t)\\x_2(t)\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;  Then the above system can be re-written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}4 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 4\end{pmatrix}\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

And we have solutions &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_1(t)=C_1e^{6t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_2(t)=C_2e^{2t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\-1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that the solutions we found were of the for &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; for some constant vector &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt;.  Using this as motivation we will investigate the question, when does 
&lt;math&gt;\vec{x}(t)=e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; solve the system:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=A\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

for some constant matrix &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.

By substituting into the equation we see that:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})&amp;=A(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})\\
\lambda e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&amp;=e^{\lambda t}A\vec{\xi}\\
e^{\lambda t}(A-\lambda I)\vec{\xi}&amp;=\vec{0}.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;

Since &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\neq 0&lt;/math&gt;, the only way for the left hand side to be &lt;math&gt;\vec{0}&lt;/math&gt; is if &lt;math&gt;\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an eigenvalue and &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; is a corresponding eigenvector.

This is not quite the end of the story.  When the matrix is real we shall consider the following cases:

===Real Distinct Eigenvalues===
For example, consider the following first-order linear system of equations:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=x\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=2y
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
x' \\
y'
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So matrix A, is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;. The eigenvalues are the diagonal entries in the matrix, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_1 = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_2 = 2&lt;/math&gt;. Because both eigenvalues are real and different, they are categorized as Real Distinct Eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenvectors are:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_1 = 1:\quad
\mathbf{v}_1 =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

and

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_2 = 2:\quad
\mathbf{v}_2 =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So the general solution can be written as:

&lt;math&gt;x = C_1 e^t, \qquad y = C_2 e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;

Because both eigenvalues are positive, the origin is an unstable node (source). Solutions move away from the origin as &lt;math&gt;t \rightarrow \infty&lt;/math&gt;. Note, that as the y-component grows, the dy/dt grows faster than dx/dt because e^2t grows faster than e^t. Most trajectories will become increasingly aligned with the y-axis as they move away from x-axis.

===Complex Eigenvalues===

=== Real Repeated Eigenvalues ===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0oz1dx2stc2lrg14ct6jnenfl48k0rt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669129</id>
      <parentid>4669128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T19:25:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IanVG</username>
        <id>3323284</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Real Distinct Eigenvalues */</comment>
      <origin>4669129</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4834" sha1="p0kupm6xaq25q62bp5eo74w1od6halp" xml:space="preserve">A system of differential equations is a collection of two or more differential equations, which each ODE may depend upon the other unknown function.

For example consider the equations:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x'(t)=2x(t)+y(t)\\ y'(t)=3y(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case the equation for differential equation for &lt;math&gt;x'(t)&lt;/math&gt; depends on both &lt;math&gt;x(t)&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y(t)&lt;/math&gt;.  In principle we could also allow &lt;math&gt;y'(t)&lt;/math&gt; to depend on both &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;, but it is not necessary.

Notice in some cases we find a solution for a system of ODE's.  For example in the case above, because &lt;math&gt;y'&lt;/math&gt; doesn't depend on &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; we can solve the second equation (by separating variables or using an integrating factor) to get that &lt;math&gt;y=C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  Since there will be a second constant when we solve the first ODE, we choose to call the constant here &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Now we can plug this into the first equation to get that:
&lt;math&gt;x'=2x+C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  We can solve this equation by using an integrating factor to get that:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x(t)=C_1e^{2t}+C_2e^{3t}\\y(t)=C_2e^{3t}\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In other cases a clever change of variables allows one to separate the two ODE's. Consider the system 
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x_1'(t)=4x_1(t)+2x_2(t)\\ x_2'(t)=2x_1(t)+4x_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;.  

If we let &lt;math&gt;y_1=x_1+x_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=x_1-x_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Then we find that  

:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}y_1'(t)=6y_1(t)\\ y_2'(t)=2y_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

and each of these are easy to solve: &lt;math&gt;y_1=C_1e^{6t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  And so we find &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}+C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}-C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  It turns out to be helpful with systems to work with vectors and matrices so if we introduce &lt;math&gt;\textstyle\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}x_1(t)\\x_2(t)\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;  Then the above system can be re-written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}4 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 4\end{pmatrix}\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

And we have solutions &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_1(t)=C_1e^{6t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_2(t)=C_2e^{2t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\-1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that the solutions we found were of the for &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; for some constant vector &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt;.  Using this as motivation we will investigate the question, when does 
&lt;math&gt;\vec{x}(t)=e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; solve the system:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=A\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

for some constant matrix &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.

By substituting into the equation we see that:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})&amp;=A(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})\\
\lambda e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&amp;=e^{\lambda t}A\vec{\xi}\\
e^{\lambda t}(A-\lambda I)\vec{\xi}&amp;=\vec{0}.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;

Since &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\neq 0&lt;/math&gt;, the only way for the left hand side to be &lt;math&gt;\vec{0}&lt;/math&gt; is if &lt;math&gt;\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an eigenvalue and &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; is a corresponding eigenvector.

This is not quite the end of the story.  When the matrix is real we shall consider the following cases:

===Real Distinct Eigenvalues===
For example, consider the following first-order linear system of equations:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=x\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=2y
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
x' \\
y'
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So matrix A, is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;. The eigenvalues are the diagonal entries in the matrix, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_1 = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_2 = 2&lt;/math&gt;. Because both eigenvalues are real and different, they are categorized as Real Distinct Eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenvectors are:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_1 = 1:\quad
\mathbf{v}_1 =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

and

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_2 = 2:\quad
\mathbf{v}_2 =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So the general solution can be written as:

&lt;math&gt;x = C_1 e^t, \qquad y = C_2 e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;

Because both eigenvalues are positive, the origin is an unstable node (source). Solutions move away from the origin as &lt;math&gt;t \rightarrow \infty&lt;/math&gt;. Note, that as the y-component grows, the dy/dt grows faster than dx/dt because e^2t grows faster than e^t. As can be seen in the figure below, most trajectories will become increasingly aligned with the y-axis as they move away from x-axis.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_x_dydt_2y.svg|border|frame|Normalized isotropic vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with real distinct eigenvalues.]]

===Complex Eigenvalues===

=== Real Repeated Eigenvalues ===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>p0kupm6xaq25q62bp5eo74w1od6halp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669130</id>
      <parentid>4669129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T19:32:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IanVG</username>
        <id>3323284</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4669130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4899" sha1="qne40ts09mz4jdggl0z9ddi65px5f85" xml:space="preserve">A system of differential equations is a collection of two or more differential equations, which each ODE may depend upon the other unknown function.

For example consider the equations:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x'(t)=2x(t)+y(t)\\ y'(t)=3y(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case the equation for differential equation for &lt;math&gt;x'(t)&lt;/math&gt; depends on both &lt;math&gt;x(t)&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y(t)&lt;/math&gt;.  In principle we could also allow &lt;math&gt;y'(t)&lt;/math&gt; to depend on both &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;, but it is not necessary.

Notice in some cases we find a solution for a system of ODE's.  For example in the case above, because &lt;math&gt;y'&lt;/math&gt; doesn't depend on &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; we can solve the second equation (by separating variables or using an integrating factor) to get that &lt;math&gt;y=C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  Since there will be a second constant when we solve the first ODE, we choose to call the constant here &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Now we can plug this into the first equation to get that:
&lt;math&gt;x'=2x+C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  We can solve this equation by using an integrating factor to get that:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x(t)=C_1e^{2t}+C_2e^{3t}\\y(t)=C_2e^{3t}\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In other cases a clever change of variables allows one to separate the two ODE's. Consider the system 
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x_1'(t)=4x_1(t)+2x_2(t)\\ x_2'(t)=2x_1(t)+4x_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;.  

If we let &lt;math&gt;y_1=x_1+x_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=x_1-x_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Then we find that  

:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}y_1'(t)=6y_1(t)\\ y_2'(t)=2y_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

and each of these are easy to solve: &lt;math&gt;y_1=C_1e^{6t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  And so we find &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}+C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}-C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  It turns out to be helpful with systems to work with vectors and matrices so if we introduce &lt;math&gt;\textstyle\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}x_1(t)\\x_2(t)\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;  Then the above system can be re-written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}4 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 4\end{pmatrix}\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

And we have solutions &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_1(t)=C_1e^{6t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_2(t)=C_2e^{2t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\-1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that the solutions we found were of the for &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; for some constant vector &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt;.  Using this as motivation we will investigate the question, when does 
&lt;math&gt;\vec{x}(t)=e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; solve the system:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=A\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

for some constant matrix &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.

By substituting into the equation we see that:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})&amp;=A(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})\\
\lambda e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&amp;=e^{\lambda t}A\vec{\xi}\\
e^{\lambda t}(A-\lambda I)\vec{\xi}&amp;=\vec{0}.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;

Since &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\neq 0&lt;/math&gt;, the only way for the left hand side to be &lt;math&gt;\vec{0}&lt;/math&gt; is if &lt;math&gt;\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an eigenvalue and &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; is a corresponding eigenvector.

This is not quite the end of the story.  When the matrix is real we shall consider the following cases:

===Real Distinct Eigenvalues===
For example, consider the following first-order linear system of equations:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=x\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=2y
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
x' \\
y'
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So matrix A, is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;. The eigenvalues are the diagonal entries in the matrix, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_1 = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_2 = 2&lt;/math&gt;. Because both eigenvalues are real and different, they are categorized as Real Distinct Eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenvectors are:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_1 = 1:\quad
\mathbf{v}_1 =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

and

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_2 = 2:\quad
\mathbf{v}_2 =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So the general solution can be written as:

&lt;math&gt;x = C_1 e^t, \qquad y = C_2 e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;

Because both eigenvalues are positive, the origin is an unstable node (source). Solutions move away from the origin as &lt;math&gt;t \rightarrow \infty&lt;/math&gt;. Note, that as the y-component grows, the dy/dt grows faster than dx/dt because e^2t grows faster than e^t. As can be seen in the figure below, most trajectories will become increasingly aligned with the y-axis as they move away from x-axis.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_x_dydt_2y.svg|border|frame|Normalized isotropic vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with real distinct eigenvalues.]]

===Complex Eigenvalues===
A simple example of a linear system with complex eigenvalues is:

=== Real Repeated Eigenvalues ===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qne40ts09mz4jdggl0z9ddi65px5f85</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669131</id>
      <parentid>4669130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T19:36:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IanVG</username>
        <id>3323284</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4669131</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5211" sha1="nbktfn19hyarramyux147nawkp9yzd2" xml:space="preserve">A system of differential equations is a collection of two or more differential equations, which each ODE may depend upon the other unknown function.

For example consider the equations:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x'(t)=2x(t)+y(t)\\ y'(t)=3y(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case the equation for differential equation for &lt;math&gt;x'(t)&lt;/math&gt; depends on both &lt;math&gt;x(t)&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y(t)&lt;/math&gt;.  In principle we could also allow &lt;math&gt;y'(t)&lt;/math&gt; to depend on both &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;, but it is not necessary.

Notice in some cases we find a solution for a system of ODE's.  For example in the case above, because &lt;math&gt;y'&lt;/math&gt; doesn't depend on &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; we can solve the second equation (by separating variables or using an integrating factor) to get that &lt;math&gt;y=C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  Since there will be a second constant when we solve the first ODE, we choose to call the constant here &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Now we can plug this into the first equation to get that:
&lt;math&gt;x'=2x+C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  We can solve this equation by using an integrating factor to get that:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x(t)=C_1e^{2t}+C_2e^{3t}\\y(t)=C_2e^{3t}\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In other cases a clever change of variables allows one to separate the two ODE's. Consider the system 
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x_1'(t)=4x_1(t)+2x_2(t)\\ x_2'(t)=2x_1(t)+4x_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;.  

If we let &lt;math&gt;y_1=x_1+x_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=x_1-x_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Then we find that  

:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}y_1'(t)=6y_1(t)\\ y_2'(t)=2y_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

and each of these are easy to solve: &lt;math&gt;y_1=C_1e^{6t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  And so we find &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}+C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}-C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  It turns out to be helpful with systems to work with vectors and matrices so if we introduce &lt;math&gt;\textstyle\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}x_1(t)\\x_2(t)\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;  Then the above system can be re-written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}4 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 4\end{pmatrix}\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

And we have solutions &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_1(t)=C_1e^{6t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_2(t)=C_2e^{2t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\-1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that the solutions we found were of the for &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; for some constant vector &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt;.  Using this as motivation we will investigate the question, when does 
&lt;math&gt;\vec{x}(t)=e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; solve the system:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=A\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

for some constant matrix &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.

By substituting into the equation we see that:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})&amp;=A(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})\\
\lambda e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&amp;=e^{\lambda t}A\vec{\xi}\\
e^{\lambda t}(A-\lambda I)\vec{\xi}&amp;=\vec{0}.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;

Since &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\neq 0&lt;/math&gt;, the only way for the left hand side to be &lt;math&gt;\vec{0}&lt;/math&gt; is if &lt;math&gt;\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an eigenvalue and &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; is a corresponding eigenvector.

This is not quite the end of the story.  When the matrix is real we shall consider the following cases:

===Real Distinct Eigenvalues===
For example, consider the following first-order linear system of equations:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=x\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=2y
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
x' \\
y'
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So matrix A, is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;. The eigenvalues are the diagonal entries in the matrix, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_1 = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_2 = 2&lt;/math&gt;. Because both eigenvalues are real and different, they are categorized as Real Distinct Eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenvectors are:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_1 = 1:\quad
\mathbf{v}_1 =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

and

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_2 = 2:\quad
\mathbf{v}_2 =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So the general solution can be written as:

&lt;math&gt;x = C_1 e^t, \qquad y = C_2 e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;

Because both eigenvalues are positive, the origin is an unstable node (source). Solutions move away from the origin as &lt;math&gt;t \rightarrow \infty&lt;/math&gt;. Note, that as the y-component grows, the dy/dt grows faster than dx/dt because&lt;math&gt;e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; grows faster than &lt;math&gt;e^{t}&lt;/math&gt;. As can be seen in the figure below, most trajectories will become increasingly aligned with the y-axis as they move away from x-axis.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_x_dydt_2y.svg|border|frame|Normalized isotropic vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with real distinct eigenvalues.]]

===Complex Eigenvalues===
A simple example of a linear system with complex eigenvalues is:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=-y\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=x
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The matrix for the coefficients for the linear system is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
0 &amp; -1 \\
1 &amp; 0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

To find the eigenvalues, solve:

&lt;math&gt;det(A - \lambda I) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

=== Real Repeated Eigenvalues ===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nbktfn19hyarramyux147nawkp9yzd2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669132</id>
      <parentid>4669131</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T19:45:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IanVG</username>
        <id>3323284</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added complex eigenvalue factor example</comment>
      <origin>4669132</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5747" sha1="5z99t1l84d0qv8qc5pgf61h268c5frc" xml:space="preserve">A system of differential equations is a collection of two or more differential equations, which each ODE may depend upon the other unknown function.

For example consider the equations:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x'(t)=2x(t)+y(t)\\ y'(t)=3y(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case the equation for differential equation for &lt;math&gt;x'(t)&lt;/math&gt; depends on both &lt;math&gt;x(t)&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y(t)&lt;/math&gt;.  In principle we could also allow &lt;math&gt;y'(t)&lt;/math&gt; to depend on both &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;, but it is not necessary.

Notice in some cases we find a solution for a system of ODE's.  For example in the case above, because &lt;math&gt;y'&lt;/math&gt; doesn't depend on &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; we can solve the second equation (by separating variables or using an integrating factor) to get that &lt;math&gt;y=C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  Since there will be a second constant when we solve the first ODE, we choose to call the constant here &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Now we can plug this into the first equation to get that:
&lt;math&gt;x'=2x+C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  We can solve this equation by using an integrating factor to get that:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x(t)=C_1e^{2t}+C_2e^{3t}\\y(t)=C_2e^{3t}\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In other cases a clever change of variables allows one to separate the two ODE's. Consider the system 
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x_1'(t)=4x_1(t)+2x_2(t)\\ x_2'(t)=2x_1(t)+4x_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;.  

If we let &lt;math&gt;y_1=x_1+x_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=x_1-x_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Then we find that  

:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}y_1'(t)=6y_1(t)\\ y_2'(t)=2y_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

and each of these are easy to solve: &lt;math&gt;y_1=C_1e^{6t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  And so we find &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}+C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}-C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  It turns out to be helpful with systems to work with vectors and matrices so if we introduce &lt;math&gt;\textstyle\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}x_1(t)\\x_2(t)\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;  Then the above system can be re-written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}4 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 4\end{pmatrix}\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

And we have solutions &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_1(t)=C_1e^{6t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_2(t)=C_2e^{2t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\-1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that the solutions we found were of the for &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; for some constant vector &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt;.  Using this as motivation we will investigate the question, when does 
&lt;math&gt;\vec{x}(t)=e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; solve the system:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=A\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

for some constant matrix &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.

By substituting into the equation we see that:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})&amp;=A(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})\\
\lambda e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&amp;=e^{\lambda t}A\vec{\xi}\\
e^{\lambda t}(A-\lambda I)\vec{\xi}&amp;=\vec{0}.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;

Since &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\neq 0&lt;/math&gt;, the only way for the left hand side to be &lt;math&gt;\vec{0}&lt;/math&gt; is if &lt;math&gt;\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an eigenvalue and &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; is a corresponding eigenvector.

This is not quite the end of the story.  When the matrix is real we shall consider the following cases:

===Real Distinct Eigenvalues===
For example, consider the following first-order linear system of equations:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=x\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=2y
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
x' \\
y'
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So matrix A, is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;. The eigenvalues are the diagonal entries in the matrix, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_1 = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_2 = 2&lt;/math&gt;. Because both eigenvalues are real and different, they are categorized as Real Distinct Eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenvectors are:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_1 = 1:\quad
\mathbf{v}_1 =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

and

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_2 = 2:\quad
\mathbf{v}_2 =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So the general solution can be written as:

&lt;math&gt;x = C_1 e^t, \qquad y = C_2 e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;

Because both eigenvalues are positive, the origin is an unstable node (source). Solutions move away from the origin as &lt;math&gt;t \rightarrow \infty&lt;/math&gt;. Note, that as the y-component grows, the dy/dt grows faster than dx/dt because&lt;math&gt;e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; grows faster than &lt;math&gt;e^{t}&lt;/math&gt;. As can be seen in the figure below, most trajectories will become increasingly aligned with the y-axis as they move away from x-axis.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_x_dydt_2y.svg|border|frame|Normalized isotropic vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with real distinct eigenvalues.|none]]

===Complex Eigenvalues===
A simple example of a linear system with complex eigenvalues is:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=-y\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=x
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The matrix for the coefficients for the linear system is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
0 &amp; -1 \\
1 &amp; 0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

To find the eigenvalues, solve:

&lt;math&gt;det(A - \lambda I) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

Thus,

&lt;math&gt;det
\begin{pmatrix}
-\lambda &amp; -1 \\
1 &amp; -\lambda
\end{pmatrix}=0&lt;/math&gt;

Which gives:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda^2 + 1 = 0&lt;/math&gt;, thus &lt;math&gt;\lambda_{1,2} = \pm i&lt;/math&gt;. So this is a linear system with complex eigenvalues. The slope field consists of circles centered at the origin, with solutions rotating clockwise, as seen in the figure below.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_-y_dydt_x.svg|none|frame|Vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with complex eigenvalues.]]

=== Real Repeated Eigenvalues ===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5z99t1l84d0qv8qc5pgf61h268c5frc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4669133</id>
      <parentid>4669132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T19:48:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IanVG</username>
        <id>3323284</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fixed typo (should be x_2</comment>
      <origin>4669133</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5747" sha1="i6p2eg8bmnrr8rlddxd1gnpjbg49exo" xml:space="preserve">A system of differential equations is a collection of two or more differential equations, which each ODE may depend upon the other unknown function.

For example consider the equations:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x'(t)=2x(t)+y(t)\\ y'(t)=3y(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In this case the equation for differential equation for &lt;math&gt;x'(t)&lt;/math&gt; depends on both &lt;math&gt;x(t)&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y(t)&lt;/math&gt;.  In principle we could also allow &lt;math&gt;y'(t)&lt;/math&gt; to depend on both &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y&lt;/math&gt;, but it is not necessary.

Notice in some cases we find a solution for a system of ODE's.  For example in the case above, because &lt;math&gt;y'&lt;/math&gt; doesn't depend on &lt;math&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; we can solve the second equation (by separating variables or using an integrating factor) to get that &lt;math&gt;y=C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  Since there will be a second constant when we solve the first ODE, we choose to call the constant here &lt;math&gt;C_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Now we can plug this into the first equation to get that:
&lt;math&gt;x'=2x+C_2e^{3t}&lt;/math&gt;.  We can solve this equation by using an integrating factor to get that:
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x(t)=C_1e^{2t}+C_2e^{3t}\\y(t)=C_2e^{3t}\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

In other cases a clever change of variables allows one to separate the two ODE's. Consider the system 
:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}x_1'(t)=4x_1(t)+2x_2(t)\\ x_2'(t)=2x_1(t)+4x_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;.  

If we let &lt;math&gt;y_1=x_1+x_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=x_1-x_2&lt;/math&gt;.  Then we find that  

:&lt;math&gt;\begin{cases}y_1'(t)=6y_1(t)\\ y_2'(t)=2y_2(t)\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

and each of these are easy to solve: &lt;math&gt;y_1=C_1e^{6t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;y_2=C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  And so we find &lt;math&gt;x_1=C_1e^{6t}+C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;x_2=C_1e^{6t}-C_2e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;.  It turns out to be helpful with systems to work with vectors and matrices so if we introduce &lt;math&gt;\textstyle\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}x_1(t)\\x_2(t)\end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;  Then the above system can be re-written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=\begin{pmatrix}4 &amp; 2 \\ 2 &amp; 4\end{pmatrix}\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

And we have solutions &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_1(t)=C_1e^{6t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math&gt;\vec{x}_2(t)=C_2e^{2t}\begin{pmatrix}1\\-1\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that the solutions we found were of the for &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; for some constant vector &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt;.  Using this as motivation we will investigate the question, when does 
&lt;math&gt;\vec{x}(t)=e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; solve the system:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{d}{dt}\vec{x}(t)=A\vec{x}(t).&lt;/math&gt;

for some constant matrix &lt;math&gt;A&lt;/math&gt;.

By substituting into the equation we see that:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
\frac{d}{dt}(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})&amp;=A(e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi})\\
\lambda e^{\lambda t}\vec{\xi}&amp;=e^{\lambda t}A\vec{\xi}\\
e^{\lambda t}(A-\lambda I)\vec{\xi}&amp;=\vec{0}.
\end{align}
&lt;/math&gt;

Since &lt;math&gt;e^{\lambda t}\neq 0&lt;/math&gt;, the only way for the left hand side to be &lt;math&gt;\vec{0}&lt;/math&gt; is if &lt;math&gt;\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an eigenvalue and &lt;math&gt;\vec{\xi}&lt;/math&gt; is a corresponding eigenvector.

This is not quite the end of the story.  When the matrix is real we shall consider the following cases:

===Real Distinct Eigenvalues===
For example, consider the following first-order linear system of equations:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=x\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=2y
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
x' \\
y'
\end{pmatrix}
=
\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x \\
y
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So matrix A, is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
1 &amp; 0 \\
0 &amp; 2
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;. The eigenvalues are the diagonal entries in the matrix, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_1 = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda_2 = 2&lt;/math&gt;. Because both eigenvalues are real and different, they are categorized as Real Distinct Eigenvalues. The corresponding eigenvectors are:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_1 = 1:\quad
\mathbf{v}_1 =
\begin{pmatrix}
1 \\
0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

and

&lt;math&gt;\lambda_2 = 2:\quad
\mathbf{v}_2 =
\begin{pmatrix}
0 \\
1
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

So the general solution can be written as:

&lt;math&gt;x = C_1 e^t, \qquad y = C_2 e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt;

Because both eigenvalues are positive, the origin is an unstable node (source). Solutions move away from the origin as &lt;math&gt;t \rightarrow \infty&lt;/math&gt;. Note, that as the y-component grows, the dy/dt grows faster than dx/dt because&lt;math&gt;e^{2t}&lt;/math&gt; grows faster than &lt;math&gt;e^{t}&lt;/math&gt;. As can be seen in the figure below, most trajectories will become increasingly aligned with the y-axis as they move away from x-axis.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_x_dydt_2y.svg|border|frame|Normalized isotropic vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with real distinct eigenvalues.|none]]

===Complex Eigenvalues===
A simple example of a linear system with complex eigenvalues is:

&lt;math&gt;\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{dx}{dt}=-y\\
\frac{dy}{dt}=x
\end{array}
\right.&lt;/math&gt;

The matrix for the coefficients for the linear system is:

&lt;math&gt;\begin{pmatrix}
0 &amp; -1 \\
1 &amp; 0
\end{pmatrix}&lt;/math&gt;

To find the eigenvalues, solve:

&lt;math&gt;det(A - \lambda I) = 0&lt;/math&gt;

Thus,

&lt;math&gt;det
\begin{pmatrix}
-\lambda &amp; -1 \\
1 &amp; -\lambda
\end{pmatrix}=0&lt;/math&gt;

Which gives:

&lt;math&gt;\lambda^2 + 1 = 0&lt;/math&gt;, thus &lt;math&gt;\lambda_{1,2} = \pm i&lt;/math&gt;. So this is a linear system with complex eigenvalues. The slope field consists of circles centered at the origin, with solutions rotating clockwise, as seen in the figure below.
[[File:Normalized_isotropic_vector_field_dxdt_-y_dydt_x.svg|none|frame|Vector field (isotropic direction field) of a first-order differential equation with complex eigenvalues.]]

=== Real Repeated Eigenvalues ===

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>i6p2eg8bmnrr8rlddxd1gnpjbg49exo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Platforms/Storage support</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>274498</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669111</id>
      <parentid>4662377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T14:25:12Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
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==Introduction==

AROS supports hard disks and optical drives attached to several interfaces:

* [[#NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)]] on the pci-e bus 
* [[#SATA]] aka Serial ATA or AHCI (IDE compatibility mode used in most cases)
* [[#PATA]] IDE (also known as ATA or Parallel ATA)
* USB 
* [[#SCSI]]  


==PCI-e==

===NVMe M.2 SSD (M key)===

*Controller and firmware 
*DRAM better having if heavy workloads but not necessary for gaming 
*Cache like SLC HMB techniques 
*NAND (Main storage area with MLC, TLC or QLC versions of varying life expectancy)


SSDs, USB flash drive, SD and Micro SD Cards have a limited amount of write cycles, therefore guaranteed to fail randomly and suddenly at any time. All SSDs are prone to corrupt firmware due to poor quality NAND where both the data and the firmware resides. The drive tends to go read only when too many errors occur before complete failure. That is up to 10 years for things like memory cards and USB sticks. 

In general, unless there is a firmware design issue, cheap materials used, stress like bending or overheating causing cold solder joints, an SSD can last a long time if minimal writing activity takes place but eventually if flash isn't written to, it degrades. Catch 22. 

Dram and cache are not the same thing. Dram stores the ssds indexes and metadata for faster data retrieval and wear leveling. The cache keeps part of the nand memory as SLC storage which can be written to faster. Basically all ssds will have a dynamic SLC cache where it will decrease as the drive fills up. Cache controller designs that are DRAM less use the internal SRAM cache in the controller to cache the NAND mapping table. It just requires a different mapping table design since SRAM caches are much smaller than DRAM. Ultimately the mapping table is still stored in NAND.

General rule of thumb: the cheaper an SSD, the higher the likelihood it uses lower quality flash chips so sudden failing NAND, problematic controller chips (e.g. SandForce), outsourced firmware. Generic brand like old SP, Corsair or Crucial may be recoverable whilst major brands Samsung, Intel and Western Digital are impossible due to firmware encryption and customizations. Recommend sticking with older Silicon Motion or Phison controllers if possible. 

A ssd isn't good because it has dram or bad because it doesn't. Other things should be taken into account like sustained writes so check the TPU write intensive usage 

See [https://www.techpowerup.com/ssd-specs/ here] for more information 
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 to - SM2259XT2 SM2263XT MAS0902 MAP1202 YS9082HP RM1135 RTS5765 PS3111 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Unnamed OEMs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 to date -  Realtek RTS5765/66 controller + Micron 96L (B27A) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Acer Predator GM7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Acer drives built by Biwin, that also supplies HP, Maxio MAP1602A	no DRAM so HMB, YMTC 128L TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
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|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 NVME IM2P33F8, IM2S3168 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;IM2P33F8-512GD 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - industrial 12L 3D TLC NAND flash Supports LDPC ECC, RAID Engine, and SLC Cache End-to-End (E2E) Data Path Protection with Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. DRAMless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG SX8200 Pro M.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASX8200PNP1TTC 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 NVM Express 1.3 SN2262G later SN2262EN chipset - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 256GB GEN4 x4 NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SM2P41C3-256GC2 DP/N 0KM1Y6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 consumer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Silicon Motion SM2267XT dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA XPG ATOM 50
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Innogrit RainierQX IG5220 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Adata Legend 710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Legend 900
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
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| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
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| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
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| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin  PCIe Gen3
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Innogrit IG5216 controller, no DRAM so HMB which appears to be the standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;BiWin NV7200 PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  SM2263XT 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin NV7400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force LE
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force Series MP500 MP510 M.2 NVMe PCIe Gen 3 x4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 PS5012-E12-27 from Phison, 64-layer TLC Toshiba BiCS flash, may have dram cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 96L QLC - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair Force MP
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Elite 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E16 and Bics DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Pro XT, PRO LPX, PRO NH PCIe4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP600ECS Elite, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 DRAMless SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, BiCS6 162L QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP600 Core XT 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison and Bics QLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair MP700 Pro PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CSSD-F1000GBMP700PNH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P1 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 QLC NAND but a controller with a DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P2 M.2 2280 Gen3 x4 NVM-express 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P2SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 dram-less Phison PS5013-E13-31 on 96-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 Plus M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000P3PSSD8 CT2000P3PSSD801 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with Host Memory Buffer HMB tech to use a small bit of system RAM as DRAM cache and Micron 176-layer QLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P3 M.2 nvme SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P3SSD8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron QLC (N48R) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 m.2 nvme PCIe 4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 runs hot - Crucial NVMe with DRAM LPDDR4 and Micron 96L TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P5 Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 some have DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T500 Gen4.0 nvme 2.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T500SSD8, CT2000T500SSD8 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison PS5025-E25 with micron B58R 232-layer 3D TLC NAND and Micron LPDDR4 DRAM cache - beware win update kb5063878 kb5062660 preview - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T700 Gen5 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT1000T700SSD3, CT2000T700SSD3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 SSD controller Phison PS5026-E26, Micron 232-layer NAND with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial P310 M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe Gen4 SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT2000P310SSD801 (2Tb), 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 DRAM-less Phison E27T Micron 232-layer NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T705 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 dramless Phison SSD controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial T710 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 SMI SM2508 SSD controller dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN605 PCIe Gen3 x4 interface, NVMe 1.3 support 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN660 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN760 PCIe Gen4 x4 M.2 NVMe 1.4 interface
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 gets hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN870 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 no dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca EN855 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Ediloca 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S500 pro PCIe Gen3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 MaxioTech MAP1202A-F1C with YMTC 128L and pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S660 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S880/R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S770  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX550 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN501 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;FIKWOT FN950 FN955 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 MAP1602 (at 1600 MT/s) flash YMTC TLC no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX991 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;FW-FX991-2TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN960 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN970 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Maxio MAP1602 + YMTC 232L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Geil ZEN ITH m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S3-240GB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus Gen4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Phison E16 and Toshiba  96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash - DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Gigabyte Aorus 10000 PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP EX950 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP FX900 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dram less
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HP 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M2 Series NVME M.2 2280 PCIe Gen 3x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD500GM280NM2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Professional TLC E12S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E18 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland Gaming performance Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Inland TD510 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM DDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;intel SSD Pro 7600p Series M.2 80mm 2280 PCIe 3.0 x4, 3D TLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKKF512GB, SSDPEKKF256G8L,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 660p m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ssdpeknw010tb
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 SMI SM2263 controller with 1GB DRAM cache and 1TB of Intel QLC NAND similar to crucial P1 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] 670p 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPEKNU010TZ, SSDPEKNU512GZH, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 256 MB DDR3L cache and 12-140 GB SLC-Cache  QLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel P4511 m.2 nvme PCIe3.1 x4 22110 110mm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDPELKX020T8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021   very long 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A1000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA1000M8/480G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A2000 NVME PCIE M2 2280 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA2000M8/250G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston KC3000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] PS5018-E18 PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe controller and Micron’s 176L TLC NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV1 m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 entry-level consumer DRAMless Phison E13T or Silicon Motion 4-channel SM2263XT - one brand TLC up to 1Tb and QLC after - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV2
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 entry-level, first SMI SM2267XT or Phison E19T and later SMI SM2269XT or Phison E21T with various flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston FURY Renegade m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 [https://www.kingston.com/en/support/technical/ksm-firmware-update Firmware Rev. EIFK31.7 (07-08-2024) update for] Phison E18 controller, Micron 176L nand and ddr4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston NV3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SNV3S/500G, SNV3S/1000G, SNV3S/2000G, SNV3S/4000G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 entry-level, SMI SM2268XT2 or Phison E27T controller with BiCS6 TLC or QLC flash - dramless so hmb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG4? M2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSF5512GPUK, THNSN51T02DUK, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Phison has done custom controller work for Kioxia, and Kioxia has also worked with SMI and InnoGrit (the latter more recently). Kioxia label their controllers as their own but these are largely rebadged. 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) XG5 for Data Centres 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG5 KXG50ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 nanya ddr3 dram? with 64-layer BiCS 3D flash memory 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG6 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG60ZNV512G, KXG60ZNV1T02, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 TC58NCP090GSD with DRAM NANYA LPDDR3 and Toshiba BiCS FLASH 96-layer 3D TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*KBG40ZNS128G, KBG40ZNS256G, KBG40ZNS512G, KBG40ZNS1T02
*KBG40ZNT256G, 
*KBG40ZNV1T02
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - no dram but NVMe's Host Memory Buffer (HMB) i.e. portion of the system's RAM for caching - Toshiba's 96-Layer BiCS FLASH - seems Windows UASP driver and the JMS583 chipset interacts badly with the Kioxia BG4 - early firmware upgrade to prevent overheating hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG7 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KXG70ZNV1T0G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 - might need firmware update on early 2tb 4tb versions - controller with sk hynix dram and tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G2 SSD series PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5012-E12S-32 aka TC58NC1201GST 4-channel controller along with KIOXIA proprietary 96-layer 3D TLC and &quot;MG2h&quot; version has BiCS4.5 which is faster than launch BiCS4 - - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia XG8 OEM m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 TC58NC0L1XGSD	with DRAM LPDDR4 and 112-Layer Kioxia BiCS5 TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KGB50ZNV256G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 HMB buffer 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;KIOXIA EXCERIA PLUS G3 SSD series PCIe 4.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  has hmb, like most dram-less nvmes  KIOXIA 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 1TB SSD M.2 NVME 1.4 Gen3x4 M.2 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;NM610Pro 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM620
*IG5216 (worse?) not great original 96L 
*MAP1202 YMTC up to 232L, or 176L Micron, TLC for the 1TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 a few versions all DRAM-less, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NM790 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Maxio MAP1602	no DRAM so HMB with 232-Layer YMTC TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;EQ790 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Maxio MAP1602, no DRAM so HMB, Flash Memory 232-Layer YMTC TLC, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Liteon M.2 NVME 512GB SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CAZ-51282512-Q11 DP/N 0K64PG 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2200S m.2 nvme 2200 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TCK, MTFDHBA512TCK
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 for a time, Micron controller with 64L TLC 3D Nand [https://www.dell.com/support/home/en-uk/drivers/driversdetails?driverid=3jg3g BSOD occurred as CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED] before self applied firmware [https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/downloads/ds119265-nvme-solid-state-drive-firmware-update-utility-for-windows-10-64-bit-thinkpad apparently it is related to the power management that disconnects the Micron SSD] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2300 m.2 nvme Gen 3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDHBA256TDV P/N M02626-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 3400 M.2 NVME SSD Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDKBA512TFH 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2450 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 E19T 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 2600 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison's PS5029-E29T SSD controller with Micron 276-layer G9 QLC NAND in a DRAMless - Adaptive Write Technology (AWT) using various NAND modes (SLC, TLC, and QLC) as a dynamic cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium S270 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MSI Spatium M450 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV2000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV5000
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac NV7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico J10 J-10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico D10 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico e3500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico O7000 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P300 m.2 nvme pcie 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot Viper VP4300 Lite M.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2230 Gen3 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2140 CS2342 Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 1T 2280 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 no dram, Memory QLC Intel 144 layer. Chip Realtek 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Raydisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket Nano 2242 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-2130-512, SB-2280-1TB, SB-Rocket-NVME4-HTSK-2TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E16 controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 4.0 PLUS m.2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SB-RKT4P-1TB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E1? controller and TLC flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sabrent Rocket 5 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 Phison E25 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM951 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZVLV1T
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 950 PRO PM961 M.2 2280 NVMe 1.3 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*MZ-VKW5120 
*MZ-VLW2560 MZVLW256HEHP-000L7, MZ-VLW5120, MZ-SLW1T00 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - possibly 512M LPDDR3 Samsung K4E4E324EE-ECCF cache - Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) unit with Samsung 48-layer TLC V-NAND V3 flash Samsung K90MGY8S7M-CCK0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 960 Pro SM961 M.2 PCi-e NVMe SSD 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V6P1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 Polaris (S4LP077X01-8030) controller Samsung 48-layer multi-level cell (MLC) V-NAND, pseudo-SLC cache or LPDDR3-1866 Samsung K4E8E304EE-EGCF
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB256A, MZ-VLB512A, MZ-VLB1T0A, 
*Rev 0 MZ-VLB2560, MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HAJQ, MZ-VLB1T00, 
*Rev ? MZ-VLB256B, MZ-VLB512B, MZ-VLB1T0B, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache hybrid SLC Samsung’s TurboWrite - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM981a 2280 PCI-Express 3.0 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLB5120 P/N MZVLB512HBJQ-000L7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 - tlc flash with SSD controller Samsung Phoenix (S4LR020) - pseudo-SLC cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991 NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ2560 MZVLQ256HBJD-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM991a NVMe M.2 SSD 2242  2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VLQ256B MZVLQ256HBJD-00BH1, MZ-9LQ256C, MZ-VLQ512B MZVLQ512HBLU,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 970 EVO Plus m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 Samsung Phoenix on Samsung LPDDR4 dram and 2 Samsung 9x-layer V-NAND TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 EVO Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 980 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V8P1T0BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 originally made in Korea ([https://semiconductor.samsung.com/consumer-storage/support/tools/ 2tb firmware issues] with versions starting with 3) and year later Vietnam - DRAM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO m.2 nvme
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9E2T0BW, MZ-V9E1T0BW 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024   Samsung Piccolo no DRAM so HMB Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) and Samsung 133-Layer TLC (V6P) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM9A1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-VL25120 MZVL2512HCJQ, MZVL21T00 MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL2, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022   might be OEM variant of the 980 Pro 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM9B1 SSD M.2 2280 PCIe NVME Gen4x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*2023 MZ9L4256HCJQ-00BD1 MZ-9L4256A, , 
*2025 MZ-VL42560, MZ-VL45120, MZ-VL421T, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 SSD controller is Marvell 88SS1322 Whistler Plus, no DRAM cache and Samsung 128-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 EVO Plus m.2 nvme2.0
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9S2T0BW, MZ-V9S1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Samsung Piccolo with no DRAM so HMB and Samsung 236-Layer (V8) TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 990 Pro m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-V9P2T0BW, MZ-V9P1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 2tb early firmware issue - Samsung Pascal with DRAM LPDDR4 and 176-Layer V-NAND TLC - has had firmware design issues, causing premature failure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 9100 PRO PCIe Gen5 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 510 G3 x4 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*ZP1000GM30001,  
*ZP500GM30021 P/N 2NT308-300, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad early batch - Phison E12 STXYP0160031 on SK Hynix DRAM DDR4 with Kioxia BiCS3 64L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda Q5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500CV30001,ZP250CV30001,ZP1000CV30001 P/N 2ZK307-881,ZP2000CV30001
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 PS5013-E13-31 from Phison, no DRAM cache and QLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 515 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GV30001,ZP250GV30001,ZP1000GV30001,ZP2000GV30001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 no dram and qlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate FireCuda 520 SSD M.2 PCIe Gen4 ×4 NVMe 1.4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GM30002, ZP1000GM30002, ZP500GM30002
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  Phison E16 and Toshiba 96-layer TLC (triple-level cell) BiCS4 NAND flash DDR4 DRAM buffer and TLC-based with SLC-mode cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 520N m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP2000GV3A012, ZP1000GV3A012 and ZP500GV3A012
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP500GM3A013, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison PS5018-E18	on DRAM DDR4 with Micron 176L TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZP1000CV3A002, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 540 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 Phison E26 on DRAM LPDDR4 with 232-Layer Micron TLC
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Firecuda 530R 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD85 m.2 nvme PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 [http://vlo.name:3000/ssdtool/ firmware tools] 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power UD90 PCIe 4.0 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SP250GBP44UD9005, SP500GBP44UD9005, SP01KGBP44UD9005, SP02KGBP44UD9005, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Phison E21T with no DRAM so HMB and 176-Layer Micron TLC (B47R) but later no name QLC nand instead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A60 A80 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 various originally an E12 drive with 64L Toshiba NAND, then had variations with E12S and SM2262EN as well as random 64L/96L, now it comes with a MAP1001A controller by Maxio and some YMTC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power US75 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  multiple variants with different NAND flash and/or controller like MAP1602A (F1C F2C uses NVMe 1.4, F3C U uses NVMe 2.0) and 232-layer TLC NAND flash, no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC501 M.2 m.2 NVMe PCIe Gen3 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*Rev0 HFM256GDHTNG-8510B SSS0L24764, HFM256GDJTNG-8310A, 
*Rev1 HFM256GDHTNG-8310A SSS0Q68673, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC511 512GB NVMe PCIe M2 2230 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM256GDJTNI-82A0A  HFM512GDGTNI-82A0A D P/N 0TG8T0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix BC711 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFM001TD3JX013N, HFM512GD3JX013N, HFM256GD3JX013N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 okay but no dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix PC711 m.2 2280 PCIe Gen3 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*HFS001TDE9X073N, HFS512GDE9X073N, HFS256GDE9X073N  
*HFS001TDE9X080N, HFS512GDE9X080N, HFS256GDE9X081N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC210 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC601 PCIe 3.0 x4
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 - Cepheus Plus YCN34PTA0FR Controller and 48L TLC Flash, pseudo-SLC cache and LPDDR4-3733 SK Hynix H9HCNNN8KUMLHR-NME dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix PC401 3rd gen PCIe 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 bad batch early - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Gold P31 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 SK hynix’s proprietary Cepheus controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix SK500  Gen 4 (x4)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK hynix Platinum P41 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 Aries SSD controller with 176-Layer TLC flash - SK hynix LPDDR4 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix PC801 PCIe Gen4 x4 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS001TEJ9X101N, HFS512GEJ9X101N, HFS256GEJ9X101N, HFS002TEJ9X101N
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix BC901 m.2 nvme PCIe Gen4  2230
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  Silicon Motion SM2269XT with no DRAM so HMB buffer cache - SK Hynix 176-layer TLC NAND flash 1TB only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7512G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup MP34 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MP34 256GB, MP34 512GB, MP34 1TB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 good Phison E12 with DRAM NANYA DDR3L	and Toshiba BiCS 3 64L TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea A440 PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison PS5018-E18 NVMe 1.4 controller and Micron’s 96L TLC with SK hynix 8Gb DDR4 chips but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group TForce Cardea A440 Lite PCIe Gen4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 dram-less E27T controller and 162L TLC but not OPAL-compliant AES 256-bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team Z44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison’s E19T controller  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;teamgroup Team MP44L m.2 nvme pcie 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Phison E21T no DRAM so HMB with 176-Layer Micron TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team MP33Q
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  - dramless maxio MAP1202 with TLC (MP33) or QLC (MP33Q) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group QX GE Pro m.2 nvme PCIe5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 innogit IG5666 with QLC 3D 232L nand with DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force G70 Pro  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 InnoGrit IG5236 (Rainier) with DRAM and NAND YMTC TLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team Group T-Force Cardea Z540 m.2 nvme PCIe 5.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 Phison E26 controller and 232L TLC and DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE110S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS128GMTE110S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE220S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 TS2TMTE220S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE300S PCIe Gen3 x4 M.2 2230 TS256GMTE300S TS512GMTE300S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020  3D TLC NAND, 1G and 2G get hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend MTE400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TWSC 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Union Memory (Shenzhen) AM6672 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM6A0 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Verbatim V15000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN500
| &lt;!--Model--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN720 M.2 2280 NVME PCIE for Data Centers 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDAQNTW-512G-1001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC SN520 2230 Gen3 x2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 to 2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital ix sn530 M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 industrial  sandisk controller and firmware, as well as 96-layer 3D TLC NAND memory that can work in TLC or SLC mode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN730 Gen3 x4 M.2 2280 M.2 NVME 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDBPNTY-1T00, SDBPNTY-512G-1012, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 to 2021 DRAM Cache DDR4-2666 CL18 Micron MT40A512M16LY-075:E (D9WFH) with Controller WD 20-82-00705-A2 Triton MP28 and NAND Flash Toshiba BiCS4 60082 512G (Rebranded by SanDisk) TLC 96-layer
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN750 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 64-layer 3D stacked NAND with 3 bits per cell TLC (Triple Level Cell) with 256MB of skhynix DRAM cache for every 250GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN850 m.2 nvme Gen4 PHY
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T1X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 Sandisk G2 controller with Micron DDR4 cache - new nCache 4.0 slc cache total dynamic capacity spans one-third (300GB on 1TB) with a small static SLC cache (12GB on 1TB) from the Kioxia BiCS4 96L TLC 96-layer NAND flash - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western digital SN550 Blue M.2 NVME PCIE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - various controllers and NANDs  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SN810 NVMe SSD 2280 Gen4 x4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 slc cache - laptop oem only no retail version - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN850X
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T2X0E, WDS200T2X0E, WDS400T2X0E, WDS800T2X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 issues with early ssd firmware and AMD Zen 3 X570 and X670E chipsets - Sandisk A101000291-82 controller with 112-layer TLC and DDR4 DRAM cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN570 single-sided M.2 2280 (80mm) PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless - WD/SanDisk SSD controller with BiCS 5 3D NAND TLC 112-layer NAND flash memory - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Black SN770 m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3X0E, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022  dramless cache with TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green SN350 m.2 NVMe SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS100T3G0C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 DRAM-less cache with SanDisk controller and QLC (quad-level cell) NAND
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_BLACK SN750 SE 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 controller Phison E19T, dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SN740 M.2 (2230) PCIe 4.0 x4 2280  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDDQTQD-1T00, SDDPNQD-, SDDPNQD-256G-2006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 dramless with SSD controller WD Sandisk 20-82-10081-A1 Polaris MP16+ with Toshiba BiCS5 112-layer TLC NAND flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD_Blue SN580
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 dramless SanDisk controller with (HMB) and 112-Layer Kioxia TLC (BiCS5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SN5000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Black SN8100 / Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 8100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX 5100 7100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Optimus GX Pro 850X 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2026 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Zhitai (Yangtze Memory)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== Mini SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Biwin  PCIe 4×2 NVMe 1.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 GPDwin5 and Oneplayer Superx hybrid -  3D TLC - LGA packaging - V1 slide tray mechanism - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2025 
|-
|}


==SATA==

Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), a programming interface for SATA host controllers. Platforms supporting AHCI may take advantage of performance features such as no master/slave designation for SATA devices — each device is treated as a master — and hardware-assisted native command queuing. AHCI may but not often also provides usability enhancements such as Hot-Plug (Desktop and Mobile Only). AHCI requires appropriate software support (e.g., an AHCI driver) 

AHCI, the underlying protocol for SATA, only supports one queue with 32 commands. 

The issue with AHCI is that it's going to take a pile of test hardware just to figure out all the different bugs in all the motherboard chipsets and add-on PCI cards that 'kinda' implement AHCI. Not to mention Silicon Image, which took a very different approach from Intel's AHCI in their SATA controllers.

=== SATA 7mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA 240GB Ultimate SU630 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU630SS-240GQ-R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su650 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU650SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su800 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU800
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SMI SM2258 controller with Micron 3D TLC NAND but low performance when data fills the SLC cache - slow write speed - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA Ultimate Su680 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ASU680SS240GTR 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS340 Panther 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Apacer AS350
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M500 120Gb to 960Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M500SSD1, CT500M500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M550 120G to 1T 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250M550SSD1, CT500M550SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT500BX100SSD1, CT1000BX100SSD1
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - no dram - Silicon Motion SM2246EN and ATA version ACS-2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 dram cache Micron controller  and nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial MX200 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016   MLC NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) BX300 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dramless cache - Micron ex Tidal controller and TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) bx500 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT240BX500SSD1, CT480BX500SSD1, CT960BX500SSD1, CT1000BX500SSD1, CT2000BX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 SM2258XT 4channel later SM2259XT paired with Micron’s latest 64-Layer 3D TLC flash but dramless SLC cache (part of the tlc flash) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial (Micron) MX500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT250MX500SSD1, CT500MX500SSD1, CT1000MX500SSD1, CT2000MX500SSD1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - dram cache from 256M to 2G - discontinued end of 2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 - no dram cache, Hynix memory 3dv7-176l 176 layer QLC (one chip), either raymx rm1135, SM2259XT controller or Realtek rts5735dlq 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang ranxiana S102 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S101Q 2.5inch  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Fikwot founded in 2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FX815 Standard 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FS810 Ultra 2.5inch sata  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Goodram CL100
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  SM2259XT controller) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertec FirestormLite 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S240GHS3-M or SDSSD240GB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hypertech
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral V2 Plus 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 520 Series 2.5 inch SATA 6Gb/s 2.5&quot; SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2CW240A3, SSDSC2CW480A3, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 LSI SandForce SF2281, Flash Memory Intel Synchronous 25nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro Series 1500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BF180A4L SSD0E38417, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel S3610 Series 2.5&quot; 400GB 6GBPS SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BX400G4R
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 data center 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD Pro 5400s 512 GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF512H6 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3510 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDS2BB400G6, SSDSC2BB480G6R, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3520 Series MLC 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BB800G7, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD DC S3710 Series 800GB 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2BA800G4P, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  server 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel SSD 545S Series 256GB 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KW256G8X1, SSDSC2KW512G8
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.solidigm.com/support-page/warranty-rma/ka-00032.html Solidigm formerly Intel] SSD DC S4500 240GB 2.5inch - HP Enterprise  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KB240G7P 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingspec P3-512 P3-1T0 P3-2TO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston HyperX SH103S3/120G 3K 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston SSDNow 300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S37A/240G, SV300S37A/120G, SV300S37A/60G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 dramless - lsi sandforce SF2281 or JMicron JMF662 controller with Toshiba MLC or Intel MLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 120G to 960Gb 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400S37/240G SBFK61K1, SA400S37/480G, SA400S37/960G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 half case sized ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - t6 security torx into metal case - dram less - poor write speeds - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston UV500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88SS1074 controller, a DRAM cache chip is possible, Toshiba 64-layer TLC NAND flash - pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia formerly Toshiba HG6 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
*9.5mm THNSNJ512GBSU, THNSNJ256GBSU, THNSNJ128GBSU
*7mm THNSNJ512GCSU THNSNJ512GCSY, THNSNJ256GCSU THNSNJ256GCSY, THNSNJ128GCSU THNSNJ128GCSY
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - no dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NS100 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LNS100-1TRB 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - Marvell 88NV1120 Artemis, a DRAM cache is not available and pseudo-SLC. Micron 64-layer TLC NAND flash 4 chips @ 512 Gbit TS7512G181 (Rebranded by Lexar) (256G) - 4 nand flash chips Lexar/TST22T181/ B1924 and one controller: Lexar DM918/NOD43 1907 (512G) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lexar NQ100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - DM928 controller which operates without a DRAM buffer. Two 128GB Micron NAND flash chips 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On IT Corp 2.5&quot; Sata2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;LCS-128L9S-HP, LCS-128M6S-HP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  no dram - from HP machines 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LiteOn 2.5in SATA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-CE256-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Matrix 256Gb 512GB SATA 2.5in SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MIS512GSDS, MIS256GSDS
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;UP TO 550MB/S
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;UP TO 500MB/S
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1100 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TBN-1AR1ZA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 1300 2TB 1300 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK2T0TDL-1AW1ZABHA 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 - old sdd - TLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron RealSSD C400 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAK256MAM-1K12 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Mushkin Reactor 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Netac SA500 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 C 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2CSTK251M21-0240, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Deneva 2 R
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;D2RSTK251E19-0100, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 3 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX3-25SAT3-240G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 4 128GB 2.5&quot; SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;VTX4-25SAT3-128G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y-20 Y20 2.5 inch sata SHENZHEN ORICO TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023  flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico S500-Pro s500pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Origin Storage Inception TLC830 Pro Series 2.5in SATA III SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3D tlc flash nand -
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OWC Mercury Extreme Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P210 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  qlc flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Patriot P220 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;P220S2TB25
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PC SPECIALIST 2.5&quot; SATA 6Gb/s Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;G535S P/N NTS3ABYUO0AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Plextor M6V
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   flash nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS900 2.5 in sata SSD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSD7CS900-480-PB
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY CS2311, CS3030 and Pro Elite SSDs 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM830 SATA 6.0Gbps 2.5&quot; SATA  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7PC256HAFU
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 - Samsung 3-core MCX controller, 2x nm Toggle MLC NAND, 256MB SDRAM cache and firmware - OEM drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung SM PM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;PM871a or PM871b? SM/PM = 2-bit or 3-bit MLC. PM = 3-bit MLC = TLC. 8 = generation = 8xx, 7 = model = 850 EVO (in this case), 1 = usage (e.g. 3 = datacenter). a/b = revision or type of flash, the 850 EVO had multiple revisions including at least three types of flash (32L, 48L, 64L) so a = 32/48L, b = 64L. At lower capacities it might use different flash, for example the 256GB SM951 utilizies 2D/planar while the higher capacities use 3D. OEM drives tend to have different, optimized firmware, so performance will not be the same 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE120
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7TE5120 P/N MZ7TE512HMHP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-75E120, MZ-75E500 (P/N MZ7LN500) to MZ-75E4T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 Samsung MGX controller (S4LN062X01) up to 500GB capacities whilst Samsung MEX controller (3-core) beyond - Samsung TLC 3D V‐NAND 48 and later 64 layers and possibility of 256MB, 512MB or 1GB LPDDR2-1066 DRAM chip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 PRO
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7KE1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a 2.5 inch sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN512A P/N MZ7LN512HMJP, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM883 1.92TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LH1T90
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 -  - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) - 1gb LPDDR4-1866 dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76E1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND - Samsung MJX Maru (S4LR030) contoller with no dram as standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO PRO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 QVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-76Q1T0
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 used 64-layer QLC V-NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 QVO 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 870 EVO 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-7LN56F, MZ-77E1T0 P/N MZ7L31TOHBLB,  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021 beware of bad batch early death - uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871b
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ7LN256HCHP-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2021  uses 9x layer 3D QLC V-NAND (or V-NAND 4-bit MLC Samsung), may have no DRAM cache - Samsung MKX 8-channel controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Extreme Pro
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 SandForce SF-2281 dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X110 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SB1M-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 marvell  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra Plus
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDHP-256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell SS889175 processor with SanDisk's 19nm NAND and 128MB Samsung DDR2 DRAM chip 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 -  Marvell 88SS9188  Marvell 88SS9187 with SanDisk 64Gbit 19nm MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300 SATA 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SB7S-512G-1001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014-6 - Marvell 88SS1074 from 88SS91xx series) and SanDisk/Toshiba 1Ynm X3 TLC NAND - SLC cache - Made in Malaysia - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x300s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SanDisk 1Ynm MLC NAND - self encrypting with on-board 256bit AES hardware encryption - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Plus 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDA-240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 pseudo SLC cache dramless 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Z400s
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SBAT-128G-1122, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - Silicon Motion SM2246XT DRAM-less - budget end of market - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk x400 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SB8U-256G-1012, SD8SB8U-128G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 4 NAND packages and marvell controller 88ss1074 on blue pcb - 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X600 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SB8W-128G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk Ultra 3D 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDSSDH3-500G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019  controller with slc cache  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate BarraCuda Q1 SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ZA240CV10001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 dramless A55 started with the Phison S10 but later the S11 i.e. Phison PS3111-S11-13 controller and 96-layer TLC NAND flash memory with a pseudo-SLC cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power Ace A55 2.5in  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk hynix 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012  sandforce controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SH910A 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 - Link_A_Media (LAMD) controller with eight 256Gbit H27QEGDVEBLR NAND 20nm hynix MLC - SK hynix H5PS1G83JFA DRAM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;sk Hynix SC300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS256G32MND-3210A, HFS256G32MND-3312A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 - red strip around edges - 8-channel controller SK hynix LM87810AA-A0 with DDR2 buffer chip and four pieces of 16nm hynix MLC NAND - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SL300 series 2.5in SSD 
*3110A SL301STD
*3210A
*3300A
*3310A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS500G32TND, HFS256G32TNE, HFS128G32TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC - consumer line red in corners - SK hynix LM878100AA (HFS256G32MND-3312A) later SH87820BB and NAND 16nm hynix TLC - 256mb dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sk Hynix Canvas SC3 series 2.5in SSD 
*N1A0A  , , 
*N1A1A
*N1A2A SC308STD, 
*N2A0A  , , SC311STD
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HFS512G32TNF-N2A0A, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - red in corners - no dram and no SLC cache - Hynix ex Link_A_Media Devices (LAMD) SH87820BB 2c but poor mixed workload ability MLC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Team EX2 GX2 Elite QX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP AX2 2.5 Inch SATA III Solid State Drive SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;T253A3512G0C101, T253A3001T0C101, T253A3002T0C101, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024  3D NAND TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup TF Vulcan Z 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dramless smi2259xt 128L tlc nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TeamGroup T-Force Vulcan ZQLC
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 dram-less smi2259xt qlc 144L nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Topesel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS896EZSTA, HDTS848EZSTA, HDTS824EZSTA, HDTS812EZSTA
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 Toshiba TC58NC1000 controller with 3-bit-per-cell A15nm NAND Flash and SLC Write Cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Q300 Pro 7mm SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDTS824
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD370S 250GB 2.5&quot; SATA SSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 220S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS120GSSD220S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 3D TLC without dram 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend SSD230S 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS256GSSD230S TS512GSSD230S TS1TSSD230S TS2TSSD230S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017  3D TLC NAND with DRAM Cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Viathan 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S001T3V
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red SA500 NAS
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 250Gb to 4Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS400T3B0A WDS200T3B0A WDS100T3B0A WDS500G3B0A WDS250G3B0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SSD 2.5&quot;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G1G0A 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Green 200Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T2G0A WDS100T3G0A WDS480G2G0A WDS240G2G0A WDS120G2G0A
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 - cheap and slow ssd - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD SA530 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SDASB8Y-256G SD9SB8W, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;[https://www.xray-disk.com xraydisk] 2.5 inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; from the manufacturer only - Phsion/SMI(2258XT)/Realtek/Yeestor 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Xum 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;hx256gssdsata3 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y3000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCie 3.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Yottamaster 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y7000
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; PCIe 4.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}


=== SATA 9mm 2.5inch SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Corsair F120 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M225 SSD 2.5inch 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 sata2 3gbp/s sandforce controler and MLC nand - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial RealSSD [https://www.storagereview.com/review/crucial-realssd-c300-review-256gb C300] 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CTFDDAC256MAG, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 sata3 6gbps - Marvell 88SS9174-BJP2 controller with a 128MB Micron 0AD12-D9LGQ RAM buffer with Micron 9wb11 MLC NAND - fast on 6Gbps SATA3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Crucial M4 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 Marvell 88SS9174-BKK2 processor, 25nm MLC NAND flash and 128MB dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel X25--M 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD2-1VTX60G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2009 Indilinx Barefoot controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZ Vertex 2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;OCZSSD32VTX90G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2010 Sandforce SF 1200 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;OCZTechnology Agility 3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AGT3-25SAT3-240G, AGT3-25SAT3-120G, AGT3-25SAT3-60G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2011 sandforce sf-2281 controller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA M.2 (M and B key) ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;ADATA M.2 2280 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AXNS381E-128GM-B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fanxiang S201 m.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;S201 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fikwot FN203 m.2 sata (oldtan, twipps, teexin aka Shenzhen Pingfan &quot;Ordinary&quot; Road Technology Co., Ltd) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 lifespan not long Maxio MAP + YMTC 128L 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Foresee (Shenzhen Longsys) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;YSM80CD-128G YSDE128G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 - 88nv1120-bt22 T3WU030
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 2242 120G 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD120GM242
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral M.2 2280
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GM.26M2280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 256GB/512GB/1TB/2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD1TM280
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022 netac rebrand - no dram cache -  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel Pro ‎545S 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSCKKF256G8H 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  no dram, TLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intel 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSDSC2KF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Intenso M.2 internalSSD SATA III 1 TB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Top 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston A400 m.2
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA400M8/240G 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 entry level ssd 4 x FH64B08UCT1-60 64G - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;RBU-SNS8350DES3128GP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingston V300
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SV300S3505AG
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-18
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON SATA 128GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV3-8D128-11 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LITEON 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CV1-8B256-HP
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;L8H-256V2G-HP L8H-128V2G-HP 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 2016 nanya nt5c864m16fp-dh 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;LSI 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 SF37000 controller 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M550 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron M600 enterprise m.2 sata up to 512GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256MBF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014 Marvell 88SS9189 SATA controller, DRAM chip 256MB 533MHz LPDDR2, NAND for the 256GB drive MT29F1T08CQCCBG2-10:C 16nm MLC NAND each 128GB package
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;MICRON 1100 M.2 SATA 6Gb/s 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MTFDDAV256TBN HP P/N 903109-001, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico Y20M-2242 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Y20M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;202
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PNY 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM841 M.2 sata3 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NTD2560/0L9 MZNTD256HAGL-000L9
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015  TLC  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung CM871 Rev 0 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLF128HCHP-000H1 MZ-NLF1280 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM871a m.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN256HMHQ, NLN512A P/N MZNLN512HMJP-000H1, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 TLC 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SAMSUNG PM871b 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZNLN128HAHQ-000H1, MZNLN256HAJQ MZ-NLN256F MZ-NLN256C, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM881 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-NLH1280 MZNLH128HBHQ-000H1 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020   
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SANDISK X110 DELL 6T4HK M.2 2260
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD6SP1M 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X300 M.2 sata 2280 80mm SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD7SN6S-256G-1006 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sandisk X400 SSD M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD8SN8U-128G-1006, SD8SN8U-256G-1006, SD8SN8U-512-1006, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 SSD controller Marvell 88SS1074 four channel supports variety of NAND and up to 512MB DDR3L-1600 Micron DRAM cache - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SanDisk X600 M.2 SSD Solid State Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SD9SN8W-128G-1006 SD9TN8W-256G-1006  
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK Hynix SC300 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC308M280S HFS128G39TND 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 SH87820BB controller - No dram buffer - multi-level cell (MLC) NAND 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC311 HFS256G39TNF
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SK HYNIX 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SC401 HFS256G39TNH
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Silicon Power A55 M.2 sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;A55
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 - no dram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TEAMGROUP Team MS30 SSD M.2 Sata 2280 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TM8PS7001T0C101 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba RC100 (retail version of BG3)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KBG30ZMV256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba HG6 m.2 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;THNSNJ512GDNU THNSNJ512G8NY, THNSNJ256GDNU THNSNJ256G8NY, THNSNJ128GDNU THNSNJ128G8NY, THNSNJ256GVNU THNSNJ128GVNU, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2018
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA SSD M.2 2280 256GB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG50ZMV256G
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2019
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kioxia (Toshiba) BG6 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;KSG60ZMG256G, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS32GMTS400S TS64GMTS400S  TS128GMTS400S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;400S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; DDR3 dram cache and mlc nand
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M.2 SSD 600 (2260),  M.2 SSD 800S (2280) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  mlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS120GMTS420S TS240GMTS420S TS480GMTS420S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;420S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  can run hot slc cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2242 TS256GMTS430S TS512GMTS430S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;430S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  dram cache - 3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS120GMTS820S TS240GMTS820S TS960GMTS820S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;820S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   3D nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend M.2 SSD 2280 TS256GMTS830S TS512GMTS830S TS1TMTS830S TS4TMTS830S 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;830S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; dram cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 120GB to 480Gb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS480G2G0B WDS240G2G0B WDS120G2G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2020    made in malaysia  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD Green SATA SSD m.2 2280 240Gb to 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS240G3G0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2022    made in 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Blue SA510 M.2 SATA 250Gb to 2Tb 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WDS200T3B0B WDS100T3B0B WDS500G3B0B WDS250G3B0B
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Red 500GB 1TB 2TB 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SA500 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;union memory AM610 m.2 sata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SSS0R27339, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== mSATA SSD ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fangxiang S301
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Kingchuxing 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Integral 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;INSSD256GMSA MO-300 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; tlc 3d nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Micron enterprise 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;M600 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Orico ZH-10 ZH10
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2024 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 840 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2015 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 850 EVO 1.8in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-M5E120BW, MZ-M5E250BW, MZ-M5E500BW, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung PM851 1.8&quot; msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MTE256D P/N MZ-MTMTE256HMHP, MZ-MTE1T00, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2016 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 860 EVO 1.8inch msata 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MZ-MM6E250BW, MZ-M6E500BW, MZ-M6E1T0BW
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA370S
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MSA370S
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  MLC nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Transcend TS64GMSA230S  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;230S 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  3d tlc nand 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA 2.5inch Laptop Hard Disks ===

====7mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP628230-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP552605-01 250Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CP693440-01 500Gb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z5K320 Z5K500-500 Z5K100 series 
* 2013 HTS545050A7E380 HTS 
* 2015 HTS545050A7E680 HTS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS 320GB 500Gb 1Tb 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Z7K320 Z7K500 series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS725050A7E630 320Gb HTS725050A7E635 500Gb 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; avoid if it does not have the DCM code 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST 1T 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010B7E610 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2017 128m cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus Thin 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LT012  ST320LT012. ST250LT012 500Gb 320gb 250gb 2014 5.4K rpm 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Thin SSHD 5400RPM Sata 2.5&quot; 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM000 500GB, ST500LM001, ST500LM020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2013 up to 64M cache and with 8GB NAND Flash
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate MomentusThin-B Video 2.5 HDD
* 2014 
* 2015 
* 2016 
* 2017 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500VT000 500GB, 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2014  
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE Baracuda 2.5 5400 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000LM015 (2Gb), ST1000LM049 (1Tb), ST500LM030 (500Gb) 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda Pro 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM048 ST1000LM035 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  up to 128MB cache 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;SEAGATE FireCuda Compute 2.5
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LX025  ST1000LX015  ST2000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 8GB NAND Commercial Multilevel Cell (cMLC), 128MB buffer and 5400-RPM spindle speed up to 140 MB/s
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2018 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA MQ01ACF  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ACF050 500GB 7200rpm 2020 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey;{{text default color}}; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Brand
| Model
| Work MSDos
| Work GPT
| Tested Under
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;western digital wd blue 500G 8meg cache 5400rpm 
* 2014 Rev T0
* 2015 Rev T1
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;wd5000lpvx 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;2012-2015 sequential 2MB block transfers 110 MB/s reading and writing - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2.5&quot; WD Blue Slim 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10SPCX 1TB Nov 2016 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;{{Yes|hdd under partition table msdos/pc, boots on bios machines, will not on uefi machine}}
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;{{Unk|untested hdd under gpt partition protocol scheme, not booting on uefi}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;AROS One 1.8 USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000LUCX 500Gb 5400rpm 16mb cache Rev Y0 
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; 2017 Malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====9.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHW2040BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   40gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHY2080BH
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  80gig
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| MHW2120B
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST bought by WD mid-2012 5K1000-1000 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS541010A9E662 type TS5SAF100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Travelstar 5K500.B-320 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS545025B9SA02 HTS545032B9A300 HTS545040B9A300 HTS545050B9A300 250Gb 320Gb 400Gb 500Gb 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi Global Storage Technologies HGST 1TB 7200rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HTS721010A9E630 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung bought by Seagate late 2011 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate HD REV A (Jan 2014) 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM024 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung Spinpoint with Seagate 9.5mm
* 2013 Rev A HN-M500MBB/I
* 2014 Rev B HN-M500MBB/SP4
* 2015 Rev B HN-M500MBB/P4C
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500LM012 (500M) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Momentus 5400.3 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST9160821AS
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  160gig 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1t
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LM014, ST1000LM028, ST1000LM015
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  8g nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SSHD 1T
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000LX001 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   32G nand flash 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK2555GSX HDD2H24 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  250g 5400rpm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MK5065GSX - 500GB 5400RPM SATA 3Gb/s 8MB Cache 2.5-Inch 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MKxx59GSXP, eg Toshiba MK6459GSXP 640GB 2011 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;Icaros 2.2 with uses Advanced Format (AF) in 4,096 bytes per sector. Compatibility with legacy, 512 bytes through AF emulation techniques, called 512e
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2013 to 2016)
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD100 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba (2015 to 2020) 
*2013 
*2014 
*2015 AA50/AX0D5A
*2016 AA60/AX0E1A
*
*2017 AGM AA01/AX002V
*2018 AGS AA70/AX0G1A
*2020 AA71/AX0G1A
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ01ABD050 500meg 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABF100 1TB 5400 RPM 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TOSHIBA 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MQ04ABD200 2TB 5400 RPM 128MB Cache SATA 6.0Gb/s
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD7500BPVX 2013 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WESTERN DIGITAL 1TB 2.5&quot; SATA DRIVE 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-80JC3T0 (OCT 2014) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt; , uses Advanced Format (AF) 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WDC Western Digital Blue 1TB SATA 2.5&quot; Hard Drive 5400 rpm, 8MB cache 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPVX-08JC3T6 (Jun 2017) 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JPCX 1Tb
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
* 2019
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD10JUCT 1TB (1000GB) 2019 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Scorpio Black 
* 2010
* 2014 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD5000BEKT, WD5000BPKX-22HPJT0, WD5000BPKT, 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  16m cache, 7200rpm  thailand then malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;WD Western Digital Black 
* 2016 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD2500LPLX, WD3200LPLX, WD5000LPLX SMR: WD5000LPSX, WD10SPSX 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;  32m cache , 7200rpm SATA-III  malaysia 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA 2.5in NON-Laptop Hard Disks ===

====11mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Fujitsu 160GB 250GB 300GB
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;MHX2160BT, MHX2250BT, MHX2300BT
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TP00640GB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====12.5mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


====15mm====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 1TB IBM System X 15mm 2.5&quot; SATA
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST91000640NS 81Y9731 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

=== SATA Laptop Optical Drives ===

Tested in usb port not hub with 
*
*13fd:0840 Initio Corporation INIC-1618L SATA
*

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL-DT-ST DVDRAM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GSA T50L
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage BD-Rom DVD Rewriter 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;CT10N AFCK101 LGE-DMCT10A(B) 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 5v 12.7mm fails early 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Hitachi LG  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT20L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009/2010 5v 1.3A  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Hitachi / LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT30N  GT32N   GT30L 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT40N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT50N GT51N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data Storage
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GT90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 5v 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GU70N (HP/Dell), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.8A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
*Rev 101 
*rev 102 2015 factory GH 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUC0N (ALOK113) MSIP-REM-HLD-GUA0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 9.5mm - flaky and dies quickly - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HL Data 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GTC0N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 12.7mm 5V 1.8a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;BU20N (S05JH) KCC-REM-HLD-BU10N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HLDS Super Multi DVD Writer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GUD1N (S05JH) (S05NT) KCC-REM-HLD-GU90N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2017-2018 9.5mm 5v 1.8a - slow access - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Uj870a Uj880 UJ890 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8A0
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic MATSHITA 12.7mm SATA DVD  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B0 (Asus K53S), 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 12.7mm 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8B1
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2011 5v 1.5a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8C0, UJ8C1, UJ8C2 9.5mm, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 2013 5v 1.6a 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Precision Devices Co Ltd 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8D0, UJ8D1 KCC-REM-PPD-UJ8D1 HP 657534-TC2, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013 ok lifeline, 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8E2Q
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ8FB
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5a 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Panasonic Blu-Ray DVD Writer Slimline
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;UJ260 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DC-8A2SH, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A3S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A4SH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A5LH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On DVD-ROM 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8DBSH1148 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips Lite-On 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A6SH (HP)
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2015 5v 1.5A 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Philips and LiteOn 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A8SH118C KCC-REM-PLD-DS-8A8LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5a 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8A9SH DS8A9SH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DS-8ABSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD DVD/CD Rewritable Drive 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8A5LH 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2016 9.5mm 5v 1.5a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DU-8ACSH
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;PLSD Philips 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;da-8aesh11b, DA-8AESH-24B
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2019 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Pioneer 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;DVR-TD09TBG
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7580s, AD-7581s SOK-AD-7580S(B), AD-7583s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008-2010 5V 1.5A 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc SATA DVD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7561S, AD-7560S 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7 MM 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7585H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009 12.7mm cleaning the laser lens inside the drive with a liquid lens cleaner.  Also check the lens carrier slides freely from one extreme to the other inside the drive without sticking 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD7590s, AD-7591s, 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7700s, AD-7710h, AD-7701H, AD-7703S
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony Optiarc 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7760H
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2012 5v 1.5A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7711H AD-7740H 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;   12.5mm 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S208B Ver BB Rev 00
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2009  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba TSSTCorp Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-S083C Ver C Rev 03 /BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.5a 12.7 mm
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology Corp 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;TS-L633 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2010 5v 1.3A 12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SN-208FB/BEBE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2014 12.7mm 5v 1.3a - tracking issues, feels cheap and flaky in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;TSST Toshiba Samsung Corp.
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;SU-208FB/TFJF KCC-REM-TSS-SU208 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2013-2014 9.5mm 5v 1.3a - 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt; 9.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU40N 
*LG WP50NB40 
*LG BP50NB40 
*ASUS BW-16D1HT
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
*LG BU50N 
*LG WH16NS40 
*LG WH14NS40 
*ASUS BW-16D1X-U 
*ASUS SBW-06D5H-U 
*Verbatim 43889 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


=== [https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/resources/hard-drive-test-data SATA Desktop 3.5inch Hard Disks] ===

Datasheets with the SMR (overlapped packing Shingled Magnetic Recording) and CMR (faster Conventional Magnetic Recording) parts 
&lt;pre&gt;
WD:      https://documents.westerndigital.com/content/dam/doc-library/en_us/assets/public/western-digital/product/internal-drives/wd-blue-hdd/product-brief-western-digital-wd-blue-pc-hdd.pdf
Seagate: https://www.seagate.com/content/dam/seagate/migrated-assets/www-content/datasheets/pdfs/3-5-barracudaDS1900-14-2007US-en_US.pdf
Toshiba: https://storage.toshiba.com/docs/support-docs/P300-SalesSheet_English_Web_r2.pdf
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Seagate Barracuda 7200.9
| ST3160812AS, ST3160212AS 
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2 - Capacity: 160 GB - Speed: 7200RPM - Cache: 8 MB - Interface: SATA2 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Barracuda LP Green 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DL002 1TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SkyHawk Surveillance HDD ST4000VX000 Series 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST4000VX013
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate Baracuda Compute 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST500DM009 2F110A-500 / 02PKVY / 2PKVY (500m), 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;   - SATA III (6Gb/s) - Format 3.5&quot; - 32MB Cache
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST1000DM010 ST500DM009 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 2TB SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST2000DM008 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;ST8000DM004 ST6000DM003 ST4000DM004 ST3000DM007 ST2000DM005
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD220
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba 7200rpm  
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD320
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Toshiba P300 CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;HDWD130XZSTA HDWD130UZSVA, HDWD120XZSTA HDWD120UZSVA, HDWD110XZSTA HDWD110UZSVA
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 2010 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARS Green 2TB 5400rpm 64mb cache 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital WD 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EFRX WD40EFRX 5400rpm 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD4002FFWD 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD80EAAZ WD80EAZZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital CMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAZ, WD60EZAZ
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD20EARZ, WD20EZAZ - 2TB 
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Western Digital SMR
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;WD40EZAX - 4TB, WD60EZAX - 6TB, WD80EZAX - 8TB
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== SATA Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
|}


==PATA==

=== IDE Desktop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu
| M1624TAU
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| IBM
| DHEA-38451
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SP40A2H
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST3160215ACE
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Seagate
| ST32122A
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD102AA
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Western Digital
| WD200
| {{maybe}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Laptop Hard Disks ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Fujitsu 
| MHV2040AH
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;HGST Hitachi Travelstar 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Samsung 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Seagate 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Toshiba
| MK2011GAP
| {{yes}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


=== IDE Desktop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| Compaq
| CR-594-BCQ
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8322B(CP1)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| CRD-8484B(AM2A)
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Compaq
| LTN-485
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Creative
| CD220E
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GDA-4120B
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| LG
| CRD-8400B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Lite-On
| LTN486S
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Mitsumi
| CRMC-FX4830T
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| CDR-1700B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| DV-5800A
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| ND-2100A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| NEC
| NR-7900A
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Philips
| DVD8631
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Samsung
| SC-148
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SCR-2030
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Samsung
| SM-348B
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU601
| {{yes}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Sony
| CDU611-25
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| Toshiba
| SD-M1202
| {{no}}
| {{n/a}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.5.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|}

=== IDE Laptop Optical Drives ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Reads
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Writes
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;H-L Hitachi LG 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;GCC-4244N 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2006 
|-
| Hitachi-LG
| GCCT10N
| {{yes}}
| {{Maybe|FryingPan WRITE seems to have no problem with data sections (track 1) - combos with audio sections (track 2) white screens aros eventually}}
| AspireOS Xenon with 25th Jan 2014 self update kernel
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Philips
| SDR089
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L462C TS-L462D 
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| 2005 Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| TSSTcorp
| TS-L632H
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 1.4
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| Sony
| DW-Q58A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| Sony Optiarc
| AD-7540A
| {{yes}}
| {{unk}}
| Icaros Desktop 2.2
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;Optiarc DVD RW AD-7560A IDE 
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;Sony 
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;AD-7590A
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;2008  12.7mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Reads--&gt;
| &lt;!--Writes--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested Distribution--&gt;
|}


== SCSI ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;70%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Brand
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Model
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works MSDos/PC Bios
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Works GPT/UEFI
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Tested Distribution
|-
| &lt;!--Brand--&gt;
| &lt;!--Model--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work MSDos--&gt;
| &lt;!--Work GPT--&gt;
| &lt;!--Tested under--&gt;
|-
|}

NVMe accepts up to 64,000 queues with up to 64,000 commands each.</text>
      <sha1>avpm639p83ny1jdxlwj2weug9dvnnkq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ethnomedicine/Disease Prevention Practices/Disease Prevention Practices Q-S</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281378</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669117</id>
      <parentid>4469364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T15:53:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>4669117</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19498" sha1="83h7dmudz4imypnoqbnvagra1s8acmf" xml:space="preserve">==Quercetin==
Quercetin may have positive effects in combating or helping to prevent cancer, prostatitis, heart disease, cataracts, allergies/inflammations, and respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma.

Naturol is a company which sells high quality pure quercetin, and users of Wikibooks have found it to be helpful in relieving the symptoms of allergies and colds. Don't take more than the recommended dosage or you could get a bloody nose.

==Red Wine==
Heart disease is an increasing worry among middle-age and older people all over the world and the greatest killer in the United States. Recently, questionable studies conducted in Western Bio-medicine have proved that a daily minimal intake of red wine is beneficial for those of a certain age. According to them, one cup of red wine per day for a woman, and two cups daily for a man can boost protection of heart disease by as much as 50%. These studies also suggest that red wine may prevent additional heart attacks if you have already suffered from one. Other studies also indicated that red wine can raise HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol) and prevent LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) from forming. Red wine may help prevent blood clots and reduce the blood vessel damage caused by fat deposits. This is a great study funded by wine makers!

See the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine's websites (5,000 medical doctors) to find more believable and plausible research that shows that one has to stop drinking the acid wine (besides it has awful molds which can cause very strange behaviors according to Dr. H. Clark) in order to save one's bones from being decalcified. Dr. Esselstyn, of the Cleveland Clinic, has published a book &quot;Curing and Preventing Heart Disease&quot; which shows that no alcohol and a 10% fat diet will clean out the arteries without doing damage to their lining.

==Reiki==
Reiki is a Japanese form of energy healing. It originated from Mikao Usui who did ascetic practices of the Zen. It is administered by &quot;laying on hands&quot; and is based on the idea that an unseen &quot;life force energy&quot; flows through us and is what causes us to be alive. If one's &quot;life force energy&quot; is low, then we are more likely to get sick or feel stress, and if it is high, we are more capable of being happy and healthy.

The word Reiki is made of two Japanese words - Rei which means &quot;God's Wisdom or the Higher Power&quot; and Ki which is &quot;life force energy&quot;. So Reiki is actually &quot;spiritually guided life force energy.&quot;   It has been found effective in relieving all known maladies, and creates a beneficial environment for recovery and healing.  Generally speaking, Reiki is performed by Reiki masters who have been initiated by a ceremony, called Atunement. This atunement is used on the student by another Reiki master, to help the student tap into the universal energy. Reiki is flexible enough that it can be learned by anyone While Reiki is spiritual in nature, it is not a religion. You do not even have to believe in Reiki for it to work. A healer does not take claim or take responsibility when healing or non healing the recipient.

When Reiki is used in common practice, the practitioner, lays hands on specific points of the body like, the heart, the face, shoulders, etc. This way, the universal energy is more directed to the part of the body that requires more healing energy.

==Refraining from tuna during pregnancy==
In [[Ethnomedicine/Ethnomedicine by Culture Group#Western Culture|Western society]], one disease prevention practices concerning bearing a healthy child, is refraining from eating fish with high levels of mercury such as tuna while pregnant. This is because high levels of mercury can cause damage to the developing nervous system of a fetus. Mercury is a chemical element that is used in many industrial processes such as the combustion of coal in electric power plants in our society. It is released into the air and dispersed across land which in turn accumulates in streams and oceans. Methylmercury has become a particular problem in aquatic food chains because the fish begin to accumulate high levels of methylmercury in their tissues; especially the fish in higher trophic levels. One fish higher up on the food chain is albacore (or white) tuna. This specific tuna contains higher levels of methylmercury than cheaper types of canned tuna; therefore buying cheaper canned tuna is potentially better than expensive tuna. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that you eat no more than 6 ounces of tuna per week. In other words, do not eat more than 2 meals of low mercury fish per week.
3 recommendations for selecting and eating fish or shellfish are: 1. Do not eat Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, or Tilefish because they contain high levels of mercury. 2. Eat a small variety of fish and shellfish per week with lower levels of mercury such as shrimp, canned light tuna, salmon, pollock, and catfish. 3. Check local advisories about the safety of fish caught by family and friends in your local lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. If no advice is available, eat up to 6 ounces (one average meal) per week of fish you catch from local waters, but don't consume any other fish during that week. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/admehg3.html

==Romana Sambuca==
Anywhere from one to two shots of this licorice alcohol or eating some black licorice will help prevent constipation. Or if already constipated drink a couple shots before sleeping and all will be cured by morning.

==Running==
When stress levels run high or a little extra weight is in need of some excavation, hitting the gym to do a little cardio always helps. Whether it's the elliptical, treadmill, or the great outdoors, any form of running can do the trick as long as the number of visits is kept consistent. Try going to the gym three to four times a week every other day for 30 to 45 minutes each session. Be sure to stretch beforehand to prevent muscle problems and changing the incline and speed often (every two to three minutes) helps burn more calories. Overweight people should start out by doing lower intensity cardio exercises in order to keep their heart rate and bodily condition at a healthy level.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Physical_Activity/Running_a_Marathon

==Saliva==
Saliva is an important component in preventing bad breath, or [[Ethnomedicine/Ethnomedicine by Illness#Halitosis|Halitosis]]. Halitosis is the third most popular reason that people in [[Ethnomedicine/Ethnomedicine by Culture Group#Western Culture|Western society]] seek professional dental help for. Bad breath is caused by a build up of bacteria in the mouth. Saliva prevents bacteria from accumulating because it helps wash away food particles that can provide places for bacteria to grow. Having a dry mouth allows bacteria to grow and for bad breath to be cultivated. Ideally, keeping one’s mouth eternally salivated would help prevent bad breath. However, eating healthy meals regularly will help salivation, as well as help clean the back of the tongue (another breeding ground for bad breath). Also, using mints or gum that is sugar-free creates more saliva and helps prevent bad breath, although be sure to find gum or mints that are sugar-free otherwise the sugar in them will stay in the mouth and cause bad breath.

There certainly are other ways to help prevent bad breath, such as daily brushing, tongue scraping, or mouthwash. However, one thing to watch out for with mouthwash is whether or not it contains alcohol. Mouthwashes with alcohol may freshen breath for a short period of time, but the alcohol in them will actually dehydrate the mouth and therefore cause bad breath. So be sure to use mouthwashes that do not contain alcohol, and keep the saliva flowing to prevent bad breath.

==Sexual Abstinence==
Sexual contact can spread hundreds of diseases. Many of these are life-threatening, including AIDS. There are precautions that can prevent the spread of these diseases, including condoms and dental dams. Abstinence is another precaution. Abstinence is when one refuses to have sex with another. This, of course, stops all chance of contracting an STI. Many abstinence programs have a religious basis and urge people not to have sex until they are married, an important tradition in many religions. Of course there is the chance of contracting an STI once married, if one or both partners lie about their previous or current sex lives. There are a few risks when using abstinence as an STI prevention. First off, it is biologically correct for people to want and to have sex. This makes it an extremely large commitment that takes determination and willpower. Sex has its health benefits as well- increased endorphins and a good physical workout to name a few. Abstinence for religious purposes is worldwide. As an STI prevention, it is receiving more attention as AIDS becomes a larger problem. Many sex education programs in the United States are now abstinence-only, with the same wait-till-marriage thrust. In places in Africa, where AIDS is a huge problem, they reward women who abstain from sex. Abstinence continues to be more about religion than disease prevention. With all the available contraceptives, sex can still be safe.

==Silver Nasal Spray==
Originating in traditional Chinese herbalism, silver was a highly cultivated healing property.  Also coveted in the Indian Ayurvedic system, silver has been deemed a healing property in many cultures. Silver is an age-old infection fighter and known to kill over 650 different viruses, bacteria and germs (compare that with an antibiotic that maybe kills 12). Hence the old saying born with a silver spoon in his mouth which means deriving from a rich family. But the real reason why rich people fed their children food on silver spoons is because they knew that an infection can't survive on silver.

Used for preventing sinus infections, silver nasal spray is used 1 to 6 times daily.  To use one just places the applicator in nostril, squeeze the container and inhale.  Silver nasal spray shouldn't be used if you're pregnant or breast feeding without a doctors consult.  When the symptoms of a sinus infection commence, silver nasal spray should be taken immediately. Because your nose can get stuffy when you have a condition like the common cold, you may confuse simple nasal congestion with sinusitis. A cold, however, usually lasts about 7 to 14 days and disappears without treatment. Sinuse infections often last longer and typically cause more symptoms than [[#the common cold|the common cold]]. These symptoms commonly are pounding, pressure headaches (located around the eyes), congestion, [[#sore throat|sore throat]], [[#fever|fever]], and a cough which is more severe at night.

==Sleep==
In today’s corporate culture, we live under the influence of caffeine, pills, diet supplements, and countless other chemicals to prevent many things that can be prevented by something that really is quite enjoyable: Sleep. Sleepytime is a coveted third of a human’s life, but today stress rules our lives and makes human people think that nothing can be accomplished whilst sleeping. WRONG! Sleep can prevent a variety of health maladies, including everything having to do with the immune system. Dreamland is also a good place to go when you are feeling stressed, which can lead to other bad things if it is allowed to ferment. More sleep leads to more creativity, puts the sleeper in a happy state most of the time, and saves them money because he or she won’t eat as much, spend frivolously, need to buy a cup of joe every morning, need to buy all those other pills that we spend all of our money on and it is also pretty much a great feeling to wake up well-rested. Therefore we should all sleep more. It is the most natural cure. It is quite silly that it is even a cure because the things that it prevents would never need preventing if one were to sleep when he or she is supposed to.

If having troubles sleeping, one should try turning towards the method of auromatherapy. One product is [[#Lavendar|Lavendar]] eye pillows. Their aroma helps to relax your senses enough so that it is easier to fall asleep.

Sleep has a lot to do with health and disease prevention.  I'm sure everyone's heard that teens need at least 8 hours of sleep a night, well it's true.  Not getting enough sleep can stunt growth, weaken the immune system, cause halucinations (extreme sleep deprivation), and cause a lot of stress.

==Soap==
Soap works by lowering the surface tension of water, by emulsifying grease, and by absorbing dirt into the foam.  An emulsifier is capable of dispersing one liquid into another liquid.  This means that while oil (which attracts dirt) does not naturally mix with water, soap can suspend oil and dirt in such a way that it can be removed.  Humans absorb about 60 percent of substances put on our skin and hand washing with soap is the single most important way to get rid of those germs.  Germs that cause not only the common
cold, influenza and several gastrointestinal disorders, such as infectious diarrhea, but also food borne diseases like salmonella and E. coli infection.  For more information on what to do with soap, see the hand washing section.

==Spiderweb bandage==
If you ever cut yourself while camping or hiking or your just out of bandaides, you will be able to utilize the following techniques for preventing infections or excessive bleeding. Spiderwebs are completely sanitary and they carry certain clotting properties, quickening the scabbing process. The problem is finding enough webs. The best places to look are in crevases, and tree branches. Some people think that tourniquets are the way to go, but, they can sometimes be dangerous because they stop blood flow past the point of the cut on the limb. Also, depending on the cleanliness of the tourniquet, the chance of infection may get worse. This is where the spiderweb supersedes.

==Sterile Disposable Gloves==
Sterile Disposable Gloves prevent the transfer of blood borne pathogens and any other bodily fluid from one person to another for protection against infectious disease and other biohazards. 
All over the world many different kinds of people are using disposable gloves. They are most common used and required by doctors, nurses, dentists, dental assistants, medical aids, and any person in the medical field. Boxing trainers, hockey coaches, and other sports trainers also wear disposable gloves on a daily basis. Sterile gloves should be worn any time there might be blood or any bodily fluid transfer, and changed for each person you come in contact with. 
It was not until the late 19th century when most doctors started to wear disposable latex gloves. Many doctors and surgeons operated with bare hands, or even cotton or silk gloves.

==Stevia==
Stevia is a South American plant that can be used in place of artificial sweetener. It is sweeter than sugar and contains no calories. Its use is still limited in the United States, but stevia is useful for several ailments, including diabetes and hypertension. ¼ of a teaspoon of the ground stevia leaf is equivalent to 1 teaspoon of sugar, and can be taken as a natural aid against diabetes, hypertension, and cavities. Stevia is one of many plants used for medicinal purposes in [[Ethnomedicine/Ethnomedicine by Culture Group#South American Culture|South American culture.]]

==Stop Smoking==
Smoking can cause Coronary heart disease, lung, throat, stomach, bladder, and kidney cancer. It also can cause Chronic bronchitis, emphysema and other lung diseases, the list goes on and on. 440,000 people in the US die every year from smoking related diseases. The best way to prevent these diseases is to stop smoking or to never start. There are many herbs and tablets that can be taken to reduce cravings and help people quit, also patches and gums. Whatever way is best to stop smoking should be done to help prevent disease.

==Stretching==
Stretching is a preventive practice that will save one from possible future [[#Muscle Aches|Muscle Aches]] and pains.  Every morning after waking, sit down, straighten one's legs and proceed to reach for  one extremity at a time.  Hold each stretch for at least thirty seconds.  Do not reach farther than the point where one's muscles begin to feel tense to prevent pulling them.  Feel free to retroflex one's back and reach for the ceiling as well to completely loosen up one's muscles.

Cats are very practiced at this form of exercise and make for great instructors if one is not too inhibited by social norms and feel comfortable mimicking a cat.  In parts of Chinese Taoist culture, it is also a common belief that [[#Tai Chi|Tai Chi]] stretches can assist in opening up passageways for the chi, similar to energy, of your body to flow uninhibited.  This also is said to promote health and a better-balanced life in general.  For more information on this topic, please visit http://taoist.org/english/index.php.

==Sunscreen==
So everyone these days is dying to get a nice tan to show off to all the babes or hunks.  This is something that is not very hard to do while lounging on the beach.  But more and more people are getting skin cancer every year and are in real trouble.  By using sunscreen you can prevent skin cancer.  People think that you can't tan at all when you wear sunscreen but this is not true.  There are a lot of brands out there that protect you from the harmful rays of the sun and still allow you to get a nice tone in your skin.  It may take a little bit longer but it is well worth it in the long run.  It is recommended that you reapply sunscreen every 2 or 3 hours to ensure the blocking of the harmful rays.  There are even brand out there that are water proof so you can be protected while swimming.  So by using sunscreen you can be sure that you will live a long healthy life free of that awful skin cancer.

===Daily Sunscreen===
It's important to wear sunscreen when you're out in the sun, but when an unexpected nice day comes along, you may find yourself with without sunscreen. One good way of protecting your skin everyday, regardless of the weather is to use a foundation and/ or moisturizer with a built-in sunscreen. Apply moisturizer or foundation evenly on face and neck 1-2 times per day, and you will be ready for those spontaneous sunny-breaks. Lancome, Netrogena, and Clinique are just a few brands with moisturizers and foundations with SPF 15 and above. There are no additional risks to using these products than the regular ones, but when planning a long day in the sun use additional sunscreen. This practice is believed to have originated in Europe and North America.

==Sunshine==
Most people think that being '' out ''of the sun will prevent illness and disease. But in fact, people especially children are not getting enough sunlight to meet their body requirements for vitamin D. Being exposed to sunlight can cause serious risks for skin cancer so precaution is recommended. Research says that 15 minute exposure of hands and face two to three times a week at ‘off-peak’ times will provide enough vitamin D. Sunshine is also known to boost endorphins which make you happy.  
What if you can't get into the sun because of the weather or season?  &lt;br&gt;
You may want to think about luminaries. They are lighting systems that brighten and dim as the day progresses. There are also lights that mimic the sun (full spectrum lights).

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[[#Native]]

[[#Hosted]]

[[#Build]]

[[#Hardware]]

[[#References]]

==Introduction==

[[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]]

Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 1Gb+ RAM ideally as you may have to switch to 256Mb gfx mode depending on the application running - it is still a work in progress 


Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. 
Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power 
nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc 
*Up to Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb.
*With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c 
*With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c 


Pi500+ keyboard wedge - 

Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok but not great - wifi and lan ethernet partial working but no web browser to fully test - 


* Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 &quot;southbridge&quot; with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 (Rev1.0) or D0 (rev1.1) 
* Pi 4 - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 
* Pi 3 - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with heatsink/fan on 3b to prevent cpu 82C+ throttling 


* Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 


===Native===

* 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work
* 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb
* 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi]  
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] 
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5]
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM]


'''Download''' [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ Alternative site and nightly2] both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd and copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi 

64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. Multicore [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec may follow]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80 Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] 

Boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd on Pi400 but untested on Pi4 (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) and Pi5 

Pi 3 B+ is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested 

Pi 3 B may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb boot it works but slower than SD card 


Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually 

Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++  or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice 


Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. 
Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop 

Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. 

In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works 


Printing only with Postscript but [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] IPP has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&amp;pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] 


For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage 


[[File:Wifi00.png|thumb|Setup wifi on Aros Pi3b]]
[[File:Wifi01.png|thumb|Setup wifi on Aros Pi3b]]
[[File:Wifi02.png|thumb|Setup wifi on Aros Pi3b]]

Wifi setup needs the network prefs with the TCP/IP tab click add interface -&gt; change Device to bwfm.device as net0:, IP Mode as DHCP and IPv4 

Once you’ve configured the device, simply save the Wireless Networks tab Wi-Fi configuration even if it’s empty. This will create the Wireless.prefs file in the Env-Archive/SYS directory, and you’ll automatically see the Wireless Manager icon in Wanderer. Although a reboot maybe necessary. Wireless tab gets your router settings. 

If it does not set to start at boot, settings are preserved. Instead, add this to the user-startup:
&lt;pre&gt;
execute sys:system/network/arostcp/s/startnet
run wirelessmanager device=bwfm.device &gt;nil:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Network will start automatically on boot. If you don't want the wirelessmanager icon on Wanderer desktop, just add 'nogui' to the wirelessmanager line


Lan ethernet port on 
*lan9514  Pi3b Pi2 no support at the moment 
*lan7515  Pi3b+ type into Device  usblan78xx.device as net0:  remove other device(s) 
*bcmgenet Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device  


There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but Aros has one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=338466 firmware] 

*Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero W 
*Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd  Pi3B+, Pi4 
*Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd  Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 

*bthid    keyboard mouse support 
*btserial serial 
*btpan    short range wireless connecting devices 


Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use [https://aminet.net/package/util/time/NTPSync ntpsync] or similar to get the date and time from the internet 


USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process 
*usbaudio not working as no rt isochronous on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b and zero 2w but '''working''' on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 
*camdusbmidi no class compiled but eventually 64bit ports of [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], 


Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones
*[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games 
*[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] 


Youtube 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&amp;pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], 


[https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] 


The status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD 


===Hosted===


AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early buggy alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use MACAros github for discussion, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&amp;pid=13910#post_13910 here] 


[http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] 


===Good sites to visit===

*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] 
*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] 
*[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] 


Linux only
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] 
*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] 
*[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] 
*[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore]
*[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] 
*[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] 
*[ PiMiga] 

*[ FydeOS]
*[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] 
*[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] 


Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS 
*[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] 
*[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4]
*[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] 
*[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] 
*[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] 
*[ HaikuOS]
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] 
*[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot]

*[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] 


[https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] 

Some exceptions:

*Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used
*The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V
*For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15).

With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented.

Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behaviour, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi.


In the shell 

 GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K

Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ - work in process 

*PIN   -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12).
*SET   -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH).
*GET   -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1).
*MODE  -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate).
*PULL  -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN.

EXAMPLES
&lt;pre&gt;
GPIO 12 MODE OUT
GPIO 12 SET 1
GPIO 12 GET
GPIO 13 PULL UP
&lt;/pre&gt;


==== Hosted ====

=====64bit=====

[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80&amp;pid=13667#post_13667 Linux hosted Pi build] 

[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Aros Docker for various systems], 

[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d84b9a337f9aa059154d9af69275935125166bdd Apple Silicon support]


=====32bit=====

Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013]

 ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf  --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib

arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux)

*armel - many of the &quot;android&quot; machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. 
*armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP)

Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI.

Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets.

*needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target 
*as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes.

with—disable-crosstools  $AROS_CC  is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC  ?  If  so,  this  is  wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. 
Yes,  Android  port  will  build.  And  even  work. But it's not good because  the  port  will  not  be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example:

&lt;pre&gt;
enum test {foo, bar};
enum test testvar;
&lt;/pre&gt;

sizeof(testvar)  will  be  equal  to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS)  and  sizeof(short)  on  Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example.

Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts.

Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS.

compiler=kernel  is  appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or  barebone  hardware,  if  we  talk  about  native).  This includes bootstraps,  their  linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations.

No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows,  Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work.

If  you  want  to  compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append  the  following  to  USER_INCLUDES  (or  USER_CFLAGS,  this  is effectively the same):

 -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

$(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to:

 -isystem  &lt;your_os_includes&gt;  -isystem  &lt;host_OS_gcc_private_includes&gt;
 -nostdinc

This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs.

If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH).

Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one.

Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types.

Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but &quot;./configure --target=raspi-armhf&quot; is enough to start, then &quot;make arosboot-raspi&quot; will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc).  It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output.

*armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, 
*armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise,

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armel' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
 ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \
             --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
    ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \
                --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is:

 make


==Build==

===64bit===


===32bit===


# download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/
# make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports
# make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf
# cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -:

&lt;pre&gt;
&gt;cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf
&gt;/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports
&gt;make
&gt;make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it.

You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi.

The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows ..
&lt;pre&gt;
./configure --target=raspi-armhf
make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder.

NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first

arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console &quot;emulation&quot; via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library

arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS.

The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom).

the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO)


Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM

Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device.
Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error:

&lt;pre&gt;
    Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic
    configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x
    checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no
    checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no
    checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking whether build environment is sane... yes
    checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip
    checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
    checking for gawk... no
    checking for mawk... mawk
    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
    checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... no
    configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic':
    configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
    See config.log' for more details
    make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77
    [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512
    [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory
    make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10
    make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2
&lt;/pre&gt;


looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic

found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi
so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick
and the missing lib was built.

now the next stop is at
fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory
and
fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory
in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed?

fixed with adding
-I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
to where is missing on mmakefiles like
USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles.


Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again.

My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a &quot;template&quot; to compare to native compilation under arm linux.


Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild).
The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC.

For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script.

Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config&quot; and do make on &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build&quot; dir.

Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh


Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there:

#MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm

Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this.

Try adding this line (and the variant &quot;linklibs-armhf&quot; instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do &quot;linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick&quot;.
Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile

To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case.

With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with
&quot;cannot find -laeabi &quot; so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok.


== Hardware ==

===64bit===


====BCM2712====

With the Pi5 

Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3 

*Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board 
*Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe
*Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 
*Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 
*Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme
*GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2
*


*2024 RPI AI HAT    - Hailo  20TOPs  no LLMs 
*2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo  40TOPs  slightly better? 


[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi]
*Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor
*Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor
*Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels


====BCM2711====

With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 

the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c 

*2018 Raspberry Pi PoE-HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat 
*2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat 

*[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is significantly different 
The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles.
The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same.

Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes.
Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation)
With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register.

the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions 

the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of &quot;one read port, one write port&quot; to one &quot;two read ports, one write port&quot; block)

The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. 
*vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers.
*vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread.
*vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads.

With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible 

The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer)

A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver.

Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats.

All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 

H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1
HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates 

Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs
If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised 

Possible maximum performance 
&lt;pre&gt;
VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s
VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s
VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s
&lt;/pre&gt;

Faster LPDDR4 memory.


====BCM2837==== 

With the Pi3 
* Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&amp;nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] 

The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback is not affected due to the custom support in the GPU. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. 

Dual VDP and scalable QPU in VC4 


ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. 


===32bit===

=== Core Kernel ===


====BCM2708(family)====
which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&amp;nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM)

*Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox 
*IRQ scheduler, etc 
*Arasan based SD Card controller 
*Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&amp;catid=45:raspberry-pi&amp;Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf],  [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], 
*[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip 
*CMOS RAM 
*VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc 
*Audio Driver 
*Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) 
*[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers]
*I2S 
*Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) 
*[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO]

BCM2836 
* For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board

*[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features],


 Implemented so far... 

# Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target.
# Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display.
# Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function.
# Implemented serial debug support
# Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc)
# Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers.
# Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer.
# Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media.
# Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The &quot;rom&quot; image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot.
# Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else.
# fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi ..


Improvements...

# Implement a USB chipset driver &quot;OR&quot; finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the &quot;virtual&quot; hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) 
# Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) 
# Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI]
# fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code
# Graphics depend on having a decent &quot;bcmdma.resource&quot; implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for &quot;blitting&quot;. 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver  - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 
# The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate.


 Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards 

On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition.

The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks

*On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf 
*The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it
*configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU
*reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings)
*loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition
*activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image

The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU.

RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named &quot;kernel.img&quot; at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem)

Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf.

You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling.

At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
?          - alias for 'help'
mtest      - simple RAM test
autoscr    - run script from memory
base       - print or set address offset
bbm        - BBM sub-system
bdinfo     - print Board Info structure
boot       - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootd      - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootm      - boot application image from memory
bootp      - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
cmp        - memory compare
coninfo    - print console devices and information
cp         - memory copy
crc32      - checksum calculation
echo       - echo args to console
fatinfo    - print information about filesystem
fatload    - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls      - list files in a directory (default /)
go         - start application at address 'addr'
help       - print online help
iminfo     - print header information for application image
itest      - return true/false on integer compare
jade       -
loadb      - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
loads      - load S-Record file over serial line
loady      - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)
loop       - infinite loop on address range
md         - memory display
mm         - memory modify (auto-incrementing)
mtest      - simple RAM test
mw         - memory write (fill)
nfs        - boot image via network using NFS protocol
nm         - memory modify (constant address)
pci        - list and access PCI Configuration Space
ping       - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv   - print environment variables
rarpboot   - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
reset      - Perform RESET of the CPU
run        - run commands in an environment variable
saveenv    - save environment variables to persistent storage
saves      - save S-Record file over serial line
setenv     - set environment variables
sleep      - delay execution for some time
tftpboot   - boot image via network using TFTP protocol
USB        - USB sub-system
usbboot    - boot from USB device
version    - print monitor version
&lt;/pre&gt;


And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way...  u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot.

Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1,

the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for
hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS  routed  only  raw  hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt.  1:1 relationship between CPU  and hardware interrupts is present only on PC.

IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class.  PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant  to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain &quot;Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means&quot;. They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system.

Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No.  A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was &quot;abstract timer interrupt&quot;, used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea.

Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work?
 
Poseidon.library creates its &quot;Poseidon Event Task&quot; during RTF_COLDSTART -&gt; then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example.

You miss what happens next...
 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch().
 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible:
 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run.
 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list.

My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop.

There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures.

The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table.

The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :)

Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this:

        movw r0, #:lower16:label

        movt   r0, #:upper16:label

In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations.

There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to &quot;fake&quot; executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need.

Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. 

=== GPU ===

VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU.   Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute.

The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API.   The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf).   That's also the bad news.  Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much.  It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly.

The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated.   It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later.

Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC.  If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected.
 
have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled.

If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work.

L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled.

Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics.
 Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever.
 I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp).

    #warning &quot;TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory&quot;
        /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */
        for(x = 0; x &lt; 4096; x ++)
        {
            pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04);
        }

Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages?

Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device).

You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached)

    So ..
     
     pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | 2;

     
    should be enough?

No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80'

tell dosboot the correct defaults to use

Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead,  display  drivers  should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=&gt;instantiate itself. This   should   make  things way simpler. With this approach you only need  to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. 
Currently  VESA  and  VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it.

they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context).

AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM
marked as chip.

BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code?

Also, IIRC we have support for &quot;external memory allocators&quot;. Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox.

All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats.

trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET).
Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units.
The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ.

Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port?
It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port.  You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource.

You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs.

So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work.

Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this.

That should have done it.

If you set &quot;#define DEBUG 1&quot; in  arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output?

have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display?

Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting?
The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot

Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm.
 
To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen.
 
Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks).
 
have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress..

was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression.
Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. 
it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks.

Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS/OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs are a bit weird and far from optimal, especially MorphOS one, because it aims for m68k binary compatibility.
It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right)

The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place.  If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur.  I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian.  It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary.  They were both little-endian.
The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode).

 
What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest?
 
I have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems?
You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it.
So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (I have verified this) -&gt; so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer &quot;bitmap object&quot; myself - only as a result of being asked to.

So far have -:

vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and  returns saying all is well
vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object.
vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise
vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer,
 
So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (I have verified this) -&gt; so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer &quot;bitmap object&quot; myself - only as a result of being asked to.

The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback.  In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) 

vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. 

RasPi has to speak to the &quot;operating system&quot; which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls.

The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required.

The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and  composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied.

The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds).
must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. 
For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says &quot;interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer.&quot; so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data.

The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out).

openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface

To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits.


Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons.
This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP.
Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting.

As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there.

struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi.  AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol.

&lt;pre&gt;
redmask: 0x0000F800
greenmask: 0x000007E0
bluemask: 0x0000001F
alphamask: 0

redshift: 16
greenshift: 21
blueshift: 27
alphashift: 0
&lt;/pre&gt;

It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE

This stuff is a bit confusing.  The &quot;names&quot; of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory,
ignoring endianess. So for example:

ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines.

The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending
on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and
stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/).

With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine
to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag.
(RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to
be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG).

The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31).

The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered,
the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt-&gt;stdpixfmt) already in the system,
and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one.

In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the
gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use
HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt
tag list based on that.
15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5
(or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped).
 aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count.
But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses
in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc.

Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you
are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be.

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B.

read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment .
 
Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening.

The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red.


The  idea  is  to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's  life  easier.  So,  the kickstart was split into 'base' (which  does  not  contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This  way,  for  example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and  make  CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's.

Next  there  was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are   filesystems.  Hosted  ports  do  not need them to boot up, so on hosted   they  are  left  out.  At  the  other  hand,  they  are  also architecture-agnostic.  So  i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem').

Poseidon  is  one  more  big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run  on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is  hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard).

AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code.  Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running.  Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong.

Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side.  Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode &amp; switching modes once it's up and running.

Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup.

* Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. 
* Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub.

Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components.

Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the &quot;virtual&quot; root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals.


The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”).

There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg].

The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code.

The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port).

Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider....

* Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile
* Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) )
* Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start.

the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB.

Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. 

After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. 

The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have &quot;prefixed&quot; it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. 


Trident saw this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

and this:

    Product     : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 255
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 1
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 60416
    DevVers   : 0200

and even this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;)

So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. 

[http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio]


 Audio 

[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI]

The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality

the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures

Analogue audio

Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 &amp; 1.4


 Ethernet 

10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket


 GPIO 

GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins)

Probably a resource rather than a device...

Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p


 GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration 

Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... 


 Miscellanous

hdmi issues

Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there.

You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal.

If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to &quot;set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode

Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options.

Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA.
If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost

composite video

changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box

Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't?

Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat  What's the result?

Put back config.txt What's the result?

for PAL mode   sdtv_mode=2

dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected

&lt;pre&gt;
# NOOBS Auto-generated Settings:
#hdmi_force_hotplug=1
#config_hdmi_boost=4
#overscan_left=24
#overscan_right=24
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16
#disable_overscan=0
start_x=1
gpu_mem=128
&lt;/pre&gt;

tvservice -c &quot;PAL 4:3&quot;

&lt;pre&gt;
/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s   or tvservice -s 
state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA
Group CEA has 1 modes:
(native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT
Group DMT has 0 modes:
&lt;/pre&gt;

sudo amixer cset numid=3 1

forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in

config.txt

the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says

There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others.

What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground.


The wiring for the 4 pole are:

TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH)

RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW

Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way.

Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug.

Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one.


External devices

* Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&amp;nbsp;nm, peak at 880&amp;nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&amp;nbsp;nm wavelengths 
* Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - 
* Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle

N.B.  dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles.  It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board.  the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. 
The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible.  currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219.  The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd  be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. 
Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board.


== References ==

[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] 

*Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested 
*Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested 
*Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested 
*[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 
*Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested 
*Box  Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested 
*Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested 


*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux]
*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - 
*Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested 
*Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested 


*Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested 
*Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested 
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] 
*Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested 
*[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs 


CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 
*Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' 
*Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested 
*Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued sadly, 3 x Pi4 probably better 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob 


*[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested 
*[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested 


*[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed 
*[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3&quot; HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, 
*[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS 
*[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor 
*[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 


&lt;pre&gt;
2008 Trustees collected for Foundation
2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 
2010 
2011 First Raspberry prototypes 
2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835
2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 
2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 
2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 
2013 Over two million sold 
2014 Over three million sold 
2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 
2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 
2015 Over four million first gen pis sold  
2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 
2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 
2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 
2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 
2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 

2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 
2015 Over a million pi2s sold 


2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 
2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 
2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 
2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 
     1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 
2017 12 million pis sold in total 
2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 
2019 Over 15 million sold 
2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 
2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 
     1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 
2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 
2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge
 

2019 Pi 4 Model B RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 
2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 
2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 
2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board 
     CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM 
     CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite 
     CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite 
     CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules 
     CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc 
     CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite 
     CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc
2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - 
     CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite
     CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash
     CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite
     CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite
     CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 
2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry - 


2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 
2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 
2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 
2024 Pi 5 v1.1 
2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board 
     CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 
2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 


2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 
2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 


2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom  
2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 
2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 
2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 
2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 
2026 
2027 


2028 Pi 6 
&lt;/pre&gt;


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[[#Native]]

[[#Hosted]]

[[#Build]]

[[#Hardware]]

[[#References]]

==Introduction==

[[File:Scalos00.png|thumb|Scalos on Aros Pi3b]]

Aros aims to cover Pi 3 to 5 1Gb+ RAM ideally as you may have to switch to 256Mb gfx mode depending on the application running - it is still a work in progress 


Options to boot from using a good power source to prevent the yellow lightning symbol. 
Testing procedure is put sd card in, connect board to board if necessary, plug in hdmi and then power 
nothing else is done especially CSI DSI etc 
*Up to Pi3b+ the max you can get is 5.1V 2.5A with micro usb.
*With Pi4 5.1V 3A with usb-c 
*With Pi5 5.1V 5A, the amps went ever upwards, even to 5.1V 9A with usb-c 


Pi500+ keyboard wedge - 

Pi400 RPI-400 keyboard wedge - resolution changing and audio from micro hdmi0 (near 40pin) and micro hdmi1 (near usb-c psu) - Fn F10 0x5e power on and off works or held down for over 7 seconds auto shutdown - keyboard ok but not great - wifi and lan ethernet partial working but no web browser to fully test - 


* Pi 5 - Quad A76 64bit ARMv8 and RP1 &quot;southbridge&quot; with VideoCore 7 Pre-D0 (Rev1.0) or D0 (rev1.1) 
* Pi 4 - Quad A72 64bit ARMv8 with VideoCore 6 
* Pi 3 - Quad A53 [https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/processors.html 64 bit] ARMv8 with VideoCore 4 with heatsink/fan on 3b to prevent cpu 82C+ throttling 


* Pi 2 - Quad 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - mostly not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model B+ 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 
* Pi Model A and B 32bit ARMv6 with VideoCore 4 - not 64bit compatible 


===Native===

* 2013-03 Kalamatee starts work
* 2015-04 Work continues with mschulz on the kernel and Kalamatee (NicJA) on gpio and usb
* 2018 [https://www.patreon.com/posts/i-owe-you-some-20956961 mschulz resume adding BE big endian support], [https://www.patreon.com/michal_schulz/posts Big endian on Pi]  
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bsek latest commits for pi 3b, 4 and 5 64bit] 
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=metaneutrons latest commits for Pi5]
* 2026 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commits?author=bitplane latest commits for ARM]


'''Download''' [https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html RaspberryPi 3, 3+, 4 and 5 64bit ArmV8 builds] [https://sourceforge.net/projects/aros/files/ Alternative site and nightly2] both raspi-aarch64-system and raspi-aarch64-contrib can be unbz2'd and copied to fat32 8GB+ microSD card (there will be folders - boot c Classes Demos Developer Devs Extras etc only showing). The SD can be plugged in to the Pi 

64bit build works well on a single core LE little endian. Multicore [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/1df0747c2bda3523a43029725a709b1f377d84ec may follow]. Any issues booting could be down to the SD card so please use another SD to see if it is resolved. Please report your experiences in the [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80 Aros Raspberry pi 3 64bit thread] 

Boots with '''USB3''' port based sata3 ssd on Pi400 but untested on Pi4 (may need eeprom update from PiOS or Pi SD Imager) and Pi5 

Pi 3 B+ is pre-configured for USB sata3 boot - untested 

Pi 3 B may need [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubnwvxF3Klc PiOS to set OTP to boot from usb - do so at your own risk] - if OTP set to usb boot it works but slower than SD card 


Like most amiga like OSs the audio and networking need to be setup manually 

Audio AHI prefs - Mode settings tab - needs both Music unit and Unit 0 set to RPiHDMI:16 bit stereo++  or RPiPWM:16 bit stereo++ at 44100Hz. Press '''Save or Use''' button after each choice 


Double left mouse click on most picture (Developer/Debug/Tests/Datatypes), audio and video files are supported, via datatypes, by the multiview application. 
Esc escape key usually closes open windows even the desktop 

Windows can be manipulated by the top (moving) and the bottom right corner (resizing) only. 

In Prefs/Appearance some decorative theming elements need work. There is a few Mason icons in /Prefs/Presets/Icons/Mason/ and the ever present default Gorilla - Icon exchange in works 


Printing only with Postscript but [https://github.com/bohunamiga/MintPRINT one] of [https://github.com/boingball/MintPRINT two] [https://github.com/Andiweli/AmiAirPrint/tree/main AirPrint] IPP has been attempted with [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2061&amp;pid=13954#post_13954 discussion] 


For more intensive graphics applications, you may need to edit config.txt in the root folder and change 128M to 256M to adjust more memory to graphics usage 


[[File:Wifi00.png|thumb|Setup wifi on Aros Pi3b]]
[[File:Wifi01.png|thumb|Setup wifi on Aros Pi3b]]
[[File:Wifi02.png|thumb|Setup wifi on Aros Pi3b]]

Wifi setup needs the network prefs with the TCP/IP tab click add interface -&gt; change Device to bwfm.device as net0:, IP Mode as DHCP and IPv4 

Once you’ve configured the device, simply save the Wireless Networks tab Wi-Fi configuration even if it’s empty. This will create the Wireless.prefs file in the Env-Archive/SYS directory, and you’ll automatically see the Wireless Manager icon in Wanderer. Although a reboot maybe necessary. Wireless tab gets your router settings. 

If it does not set to start at boot, settings are preserved. Instead, add this to the user-startup:
&lt;pre&gt;
execute sys:system/network/arostcp/s/startnet
run wirelessmanager device=bwfm.device &gt;nil:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Network will start automatically on boot. If you don't want the wirelessmanager icon on Wanderer desktop, just add 'nogui' to the wirelessmanager line


Lan ethernet port on 
*lan9514  Pi3b Pi2 no support at the moment 
*lan7515  Pi3b+ type into Device  usblan78xx.device as net0:  remove other device(s) 
*bcmgenet Pi4 Pi400 choose for Device bcmgenet.device  


There is normally no Bluetooth support for most amiga like OSs but Aros has one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/6942cbfbf66426d21963a7fcd8aba6aff611a9e0 work in progress] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=338466 firmware] 

*Bluetooth 4.1 BCM43430A1.hcd Pi3B, Pi3A, Zero W 
*Bluetooth 4.2 BCM4345C0.hcd  Pi3B+, Pi4 
*Bluetooth 5.0 BCM4345C5.hcd  Pi4B rev, CM4 and maybe Pi5 and CM5 

*bthid    keyboard mouse support 
*btserial serial 
*btpan    short range wireless connecting devices 


Only the Pi5 has a RTC real time clock, the other Pis will need to use [https://aminet.net/package/util/time/NTPSync ntpsync] or similar to get the date and time from the internet 


USB classes support from Prefs/Trident is still work in process 
*usbaudio not working as no rt isochronous on usb2otg (white or black) for pi3b and zero 2w but '''working''' on usb3 port (blue) on pi4, 400 
*camdusbmidi no class compiled but eventually 64bit ports of [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/camdtools camdtools], [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos horny src], [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/horny-base horny-base], [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/index.html BnP], 


Regarding 680x0 emulation, there are several options that could be considered 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/blob/6722a0ae9e03fe5d26e32703360bd2059e0864cc/rom/m68kemu/README.md?plain=1#L424 m68kemu.library] for some Amiga productivity where the cpu is emulated and the system calls are redirected to Aros ones
*[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amiberry amiberry] (winuae) for everything else like games 
*[https://github.com/jonx/AROS/tree/aarch64-darwin-graft/arch/all-darwin/libs/emu68k emu68k] 


Youtube 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4fmWAIv7FE Aros native on Pi3b], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSxlYb1eQWU Installed on Pi3b+], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NFF1H3jCoz8 testing Aros native on Pi400], 

[], [], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIVx7mh1E1Q&amp;pp=ygUHYXJvcyBwadIHCQkTDAGHKiGM7w%3D%3D Aros on Thumb 2 based 32bit-ish ARM STM32H743 board], 


[https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/stable/installing.html Current] [https://gpiozero.readthedocs.io/en/v1.2.0/api_boards.html old support for gpiozero is unknown at present] [https://energenie4u.co.uk/res/pdfs/ENER314%20UM.pdf and associated 433MHz equipment] [ USA X10 security and lights via USB] [ OpenHab with Shelly Smart Plug connected over Wi-Fi, controlled by MQTT or HTTP] 


The status of AROS native ARMv6 for 32bit RasPi was OK. System booting, USB working (although with some issues but plans to fix them). 32bit native [http://www.aros.org/nightly1.html ARMv6 32bit nightlys] raspi-armhf-system raspi-armhf-contrib unbz2'd to fat32 microSD 


===Hosted===


AArch64 CPU backend for AROS, a Cocoa/Metal display, clipboard / host-volume / CoreAudio / BSD-sockets bridges, GPU 2D via gpufx.library, a 68k→AArch64 JIT (run68k), and a full Rust std port. On [https://www.jkn.me/blog/macaros-aros-on-apple-silicon/ latest Apple Silicon] [https://github.com/jonx/Macaros early buggy alpha version of hosted Aros .dmg on MacOS12+]. Please use MACAros github for discussion, features etc and possibly [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2030&amp;pid=13910#post_13910 here] 


[http://www.aros.org/snapshots1.html old linux and android hosted 32bit] 


===Good sites to visit===

*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/ Raspberry Pi Firmware build] 
*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/software-sources.html Documentation] 
*[https://rpilocator.com/ RPiLocator] 


Linux only
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux Raspberry Pi Linux Build] 
*[https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/ PiOS Lite] and then [https://hstwb.firstrealize.com/ HST] 
*[https://dietpi.com/ DietPi] 
*[http://www.tinycorelinux.net/ports.html piCore]
*[https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi Alpine Linux] 
*[https://github.com/armbian/build Armbian] 
*[ PiMiga] 

*[ FydeOS]
*[ TwisterOS based on ChromiumOS] 
*[https://note.com/jamesmondo/n/nc76e31402be8?hl=en BSD] 


Other alternative lighter smaller than Pi OS 
*[https://aros.sourceforge.io/nightly1.html Aros 64bit ARMV8 single core] 
*[https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Welcome%20to%20RISC%20OS%20Pi RiscOS on Pi3 and Pi4]
*[https://github.com/michalsc/Emu68 ARM based realtime JIT 68k for amiga computers] 
*[https://github.com/JJDSNT/bellatrix/releases/ Alternative use of Emu68 on Pi3b] 
*[https://github.com/stevereaver/uaos uaOS with Emu68k] 
*[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/f80a268607dfae81b2db94755ab4e4d31ccb72d6 m68kemu library reference] 
*[ HaikuOS]
*[https://github.com/raspberrypi/noobs NOOBS] os loader with successor [https://github.com/procount/pinn PINN] 
*[https://github.com/maxnet/berryboot berryboot]

*[https://github.com/brianwiddas/pi-baremetal Bare Metal Access on Pi 32bit] 


[https://pinout.xyz/ GPIO 40 pins] [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/raspberry-gpio/gpio-pinout pinout] 

Some exceptions:

*Physical pins 27, 28 (GPIO0, 1) are an internal I2C bus and should not be used
*The other I2C on pins 3, 5 (GPIO 2, 3) can be used generally, but be aware they have permanent pull-up resistors to 3.3V
*For MIDI use USB but there are dedicated UART pins 8, 10 (GPIO 14, 15).

With a HAT it's more awkward -- you need to know which pins are used by the HAT and avoid them. Hopefully this will be documented.

Remember all GPIOs are 3.3V (not 5V tolerant), floating/noisy inputs can cause odd behaviour, and that shorting the power supplies can cause instant death of the Pi.


In the shell 

 GPIO PIN/A/N,SET/N,GET/S,MODE/K,PULL/K

Controls and queries hardware GPIO pins via gpio.resource which is stored in the rom or Devs/ - work in process 

*PIN   -- (Required) Target GPIO pin number (e.g. 12).
*SET   -- Set pin output value to 0 (LOW) or 1 (HIGH).
*GET   -- Read and print current digital input level (0 or 1).
*MODE  -- Configure pin mode: IN (Input), OUT (Output), ALT (Alternate).
*PULL  -- Configure pull resistor: NONE, UP, DOWN.

EXAMPLES
&lt;pre&gt;
GPIO 12 MODE OUT
GPIO 12 SET 1
GPIO 12 GET
GPIO 13 PULL UP
&lt;/pre&gt;


==== Hosted ====

=====64bit=====

[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=2019&amp;rowstart=80&amp;pid=13667#post_13667 Linux hosted Pi build] 

[https://github.com/BlitterStudio/aros-compiler-docker Aros Docker for various systems], 

[https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d84b9a337f9aa059154d9af69275935125166bdd Apple Silicon support]


=====32bit=====

Ubuntu VM approach to compiling [http://lallafa.de/blog/2013/06/building-aros-hosted-for-raspbian/ Linux hosted AROS June 04, 2013]

 ../AROS/configure --target=linux-armhf  --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --x-libraries=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib

arm-elf- is symbol-linked to arm-linux-gnueabi- (arm-linux-gnueabi- is more correct in this case, because it's going to be compiling the ARM AROSBootstrap for ARM Linux)

*armel - many of the &quot;android&quot; machines require since the entire OS is made for soft float VFP. 
*armfp - Efika MX target, Raspberry PI, EfikaMX, Pandora and virtually everything (VFP)

Keep in mind it's possible to start hardfp AROS hosted on softfp system, though, as long as no calls between AROS and host require floating point parameters. NOTE: hardfloat objects *cannot* be linked with softfloat objects - they have a different ABI.

Just keep in mind the arm nightly build machine is quite complex beast. It needs the x86_64 host compiler to compile AROS tools. The arm version is built every night using gcc-4.6.2 crosscompiler (built together with AROS) and successfully builds armel and armhf linux hosted targets.

*needs an AROS code compiler for ARM target 
*as well as unix compiler for ARM linux host (would be best to have both softfp and armhf, we have softfp only now) with full set of libraries and includes.

with—disable-crosstools  $AROS_CC  is always a wrapper around $KERNEL_CC  ?  If  so,  this  is  wrong for some ports. This can break Darwin, Windows and Android port. 
Yes,  Android  port  will  build.  And  even  work. But it's not good because  the  port  will  not  be ABI-compatible with other ARM ports. Android's ABI is different from GNUEABI. For example:

&lt;pre&gt;
enum test {foo, bar};
enum test testvar;
&lt;/pre&gt;

sizeof(testvar)  will  be  equal  to sizeof(int) in GNUEABI (Linux and AROS)  and  sizeof(short)  on  Android. This affects linking objects from static linklibs, for example.

Previously everything worked because $AROS_CC was a wrapper on top of $HOST_CC. And a real crosscompiler was used on non-ELF hosts.

Android is the same. $KERNEL_CC is incompatible with AROS.

compiler=kernel  is  appropriate _ONLY FOR CODE WHICH RUNS ON HOST OS_ (or  barebone  hardware,  if  we  talk  about  native).  This includes bootstraps,  their  linklibs, and host-side dynamic libraries (Windows makes extensive use of them because of architectural considerations.

No single AROS object should be compiled with this setting. $KERNEL_CC is really compatible with AROS *ONLY IN LINUX-HOSTED* and no more. On other systems (Darwin, Windows,  Android) this is not true any more, and compiler=kernel is never going to work.

If  you  want  to  compile your AROS module against host OS includes, append  the  following  to  USER_INCLUDES  (or  USER_CFLAGS,  this  is effectively the same):

 -isystem $(GENINCDIR) $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

$(KERNEL_INCLUDES) expands to:

 -isystem  &lt;your_os_includes&gt;  -isystem  &lt;host_OS_gcc_private_includes&gt;
 -nostdinc

This makes AROS compiler adhering to host OS APIs.

If you want some preprocessor symbols based on what your host OS actually is, add something like -DHOST_OS_$(AROS_HOST_ARCH).

Why is there $(GENINCDIR) at all? Because host OS has its own libc includes, which would conflict with AROS ones. And the host OS libc is not binary-compatible with AROS one.

Why doesn't Windows-hosted port use $(KERNEL_INCLUDES) ? Because WinAPI includes conflict with AROS ones in fundamental typedefs, like WORD, BYTE and BOOL. It's almost impossible to deal with this in any other way than rewriting WinAPI definitions using AROS types.

Building under centos 6.3 (i386) currently, and AROS creates the toolchain itself. haven't yet committed the necessary changes but &quot;./configure --target=raspi-armhf&quot; is enough to start, then &quot;make arosboot-raspi&quot; will generate arosraspi.img (containing the bootstrap, kernel.resource, and exec.library) as well as arosraspi.rom (containing all the other essentials components such as dos, graphics etc).  It will also copy over a config.txt file to make the raspi bootstrap code load the correct kernel, and a cmdline.txt that enables exec debug output.

*armel = typically Debian 6, Ubuntu Maverick, Android, 
*armhf = typically Debian 7, Debian 8, Ubuntu Precise,

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM softfp 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armel' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armel] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armel.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libx11-dev:armel libsdl-dev:armel
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
 ./configure --target=linux-arm --x-includes=/usr/include \
             --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Cross-compiling Ubuntu ARM hard-float 
&lt;pre&gt;
    sudo sh
    echo 'foreign-architecture armhf' &gt;&gt;/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch
    echo 'deb [arch=armhf] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ precise main universe' &gt;/etc/apt/sources.list.d/armhf.list
    apt-get update
    apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libx11-dev:armhf libsdl-dev:armhf
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
    ./configure --target=linux-armhf --x-includes=/usr/include \
                --enable-includes=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now, the AROS build is configured properly and all you need to do is:

 make


==Build==

===64bit===


===32bit===


# download/checkout the source someplace, e.g. /build/AROS-Src/
# make a directory to store external sources AROS downloads, e.g. /build/Ports
# make a build directory, e.g. /build/aros-raspi-armhf
# cd into the build dir, configure, and then run make -:

&lt;pre&gt;
&gt;cd /build/aros-raspi-armhf
&gt;/build/AROS-Src/configure --target=raspberrypi-armhf --with-serial-debug --enable-ccache --with-portssources=/build/Ports
&gt;make
&gt;make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

then copy the files from /build/aros-raspi-armhf/bin/raspi-armhf/AROS/ onto an sdcard, and download/copy the Raspi firmware files onto it.

You should then be able to boot the sdcard on your RasPi.

The current W.I.P tree to svn. it can be built as follows ..
&lt;pre&gt;
./configure --target=raspi-armhf
make arosboot-raspi
&lt;/pre&gt;

That will generate arosraspi.img, arosraspi.rom and config.txt in bin/raspi-arm/AROS - so either copy just those files to a fat formatted SD card (with the firmware files on), or copy the whole contents of the AROS folder.

NB - if you have a Linux/other install, backup the existing config.txt first

arosraspi.img contains the bootstrap (which has very basic mailbox code, framebuffer/gpio init, and console &quot;emulation&quot; via code pinched from our libbootconsole), kernel.resource, and exec.library

arosraspi.rom contains all the other components needed to boot AROS.

The config.txt file will tell the RasPI bootstrap to load the arosraspi kernel and ramdisk (rom).

the bootstrap has minimal mailbox code, planning on adding either a resource or library that driver/app code will use to access it (likewise for GPIO)


Help building AROS hosted on Linux ARM

Was looking a way to use more my Handheld ARM based called Pyra (Dragonbox Pyra) an ARM (Omap5 cpu with 4GB ram) linux based machine (Debian Buster v10 with kernel 5.6.19 adapted) and have a try to compile the latest Aros sources by Deadwood directly on this device.
Compilation stops after build libpopupmenu.a and trying to build libatomic have this error:

&lt;pre&gt;
    Configuring build in bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic
    configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --disable-nls, --without-x
    checking for --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs... no
    checking for --enable-generated-files-in-srcdir... no
    checking build system type... arm-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking target system type... arm-unknown-aros
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking whether build environment is sane... yes
    checking for arm-aros-strip... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-strip
    checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
    checking for gawk... no
    checking for mawk... mawk
    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
    checking for arm-aros-gcc... /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... no
    configure: error: in /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic':
    configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
    See config.log' for more details
    make[2]: *** [mmakefile:4489: /media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic/.configured] Error 77
    [MMAKE] make --no-print-directory TOP=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build SRCDIR=/media/farox/pyra2/arosbuilds/AROS CURDIR=tools/crosstools/gnu TARGET=tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure -s --file=mmakefile tools-crosstools-gcc-libatomic-configure failed: 512
    [MMAKE] Error: Error while running make in tools/crosstools/gnu: No such file or directory
    make[1]: *** [Makefile:361: linklibs-libatomic] Error 10
    make: *** [Makefile:183: crosstools] Error 2
&lt;/pre&gt;


looking at config.log on arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/host/tools/crosstools/gnu/gcc/arm-aros/libatomic

found that arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf/arm-aros-ld: cannot find -laeabi
so do make linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick
and the missing lib was built.

now the next stop is at
fatal error: bits/libc-header-start.h: No such file or directory
and
fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory
in many places so after checking that have this missing include files i have noted that my include path is a bit different, standard searching path is /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf but in my system is /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
so if i add my path to some mmakefiles compilation goes on....but is a better way to add this path to avoid every mmakefiles to be changed?

fixed with adding
-I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf
to where is missing on mmakefiles like
USER_INCLUDES := -isystem $(GENINCDIR) -I/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf $(KERNEL_INCLUDES)

P.s. I have changed many mmakefiles and have at least compiled (after many hours) the toolchain doing make every time in arosbuilds/toolchain-core-armhf-build (also have to disable making tests under cplusplus but don't remember the directory ...) but ask an help to have an automated way to correctly build without modify mmakefiles.


Last time built armhf target was around 2 years ago. At that point built is via cross-compilation from linux (ubuntu 22.04) using linux armhf crosscompiler (this can explain the path differences you are experiencing) as well as using AROS gcc cross-compiler in version 6.5.0 (build with option 21) in rebuild.sh). Since then AROS GCC has been updated to 10.5.0 and don't believe anyone tried to build the armhf target again.

My suggestion would be to downgrade GCC to 6.5.0 (via editing AROS/config/gcc_def file) and try to first build using cross-compilation from x86_64 linux. Once that works, you will have a &quot;template&quot; to compare to native compilation under arm linux.


Thanks for your suggestion...but think the toolchain with GCC 10.5.0 is compilable if i found a way to pass the path of my system to the script that build (option 21 on rebuild).
The other only changes are (but don't know where to modify...) is to add the build of libaeabi and disable the building of some tests under cplusplus that use exceptions and is not supported under ARM. try to crosscompile with my Linux amd64 PC.

For paths look into core-linux-armhf/bin/linux-armhf/gen/config/target.cfg. A number of build-wide variable is set there containing paths to local build system. These variables and the target.cfg file are generated by AROS ./configure script.

Thanks compilation now go forward...changed target.cfg under &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build/bin/linux-arm/gen/config&quot; and do make on &quot;toolchain-core-armhf-build&quot; dir.

Need to find where to enable build libaeabi.a so can build the entire toolchain with option 21 of rebuild.sh


Found something that looks like libeabi in AROS/arm-all/arm-aeabi/mmakefile.src. Try adding a third line there:

#MM- linklibs-armhd : libklibs-aeabi-arm

Don't remember needing this library. Possibly the 6.5.0 GCC somehow does this while 10.5.0 is missing this.

Try adding this line (and the variant &quot;linklibs-armhf&quot; instead of hd) but it did not solve the automatic building of the missing lib. I must do &quot;linklibs-aeabi-arm-quick&quot;.
Anyway after have build the aeabi lib i succefully built the toolchain (after many hours...). Smile

To test I restarted from selecting option 21 (on rebuild.sh) but after many hours i get the same error of the kernel includes not found...maybe i need to modify the configure script for my case.

With the toolchain built i try to build the core-linux-armhf (DEBUG) (option 22) but after a while it stopped with
&quot;cannot find -laeabi &quot; so i made it built manually...and now i can continue compiling...i'll let you know if all goes ok.


== Hardware ==

===64bit===


====BCM2712====

With the Pi5 

Broadcom VideoCore 7 vc7 is an integrated GPU with 12 cores and up to 800 MHz clock. VideoCore VII is capable of OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2. The driver support for the Raspberry Pi continues to build upon the [https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20230928114532.167854-1-itoral@igalia.com/ open-source V3D driver] stack within [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/-/merge_requests/25450 Mesa] hopefully be merged for Mesa 23.3 

*Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT+ Expansion Board 
*Geekworm X1001 PCIe to M.2 Key-M NVMe
*Geekworm X1003 PCIe to M.2 HAT NVMe SSD PIP Board for Raspberry Pi 5 
*Pineboards Pi Hut HatDrive! M.2 HAT 2024/V4 
*Hat+ Gen2 Gen3 Nvme
*GeeekPi 52Pi N04 for Raspberry Pi 5 NVME M.2
*


*2024 RPI AI HAT    - Hailo  20TOPs  no LLMs 
*2026 RPI AI HAT+ 2 - Hailo  40TOPs  slightly better? 


[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html Cameras for Pi]
*Raspberry Pi camera module, the V3 with Sony IMX708 back-illuminated CMOS 12 Megapixel sensor
*Raspberry Pi Camera Module V2 – 8MP Sony IMX219 Sensor
*Raspberry Pi camera Rev 1.3, 5MP 1080P OV5647 image/video module, 2592 x 1944 pixels


====BCM2711====

With the Pi4 an ARM a72 cpu is about x3 times the size of an a53 in the Pi3 

the 2711b line used more power when idle, compared to the 2711c 

*2018 Raspberry Pi PoE-HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat 
*2020 Raspberry Pi PoE+HAT Power Over Ethernet Hat 

*[https://github.com/axizo-pi/V3DLib vc6 V3D 4.2] is derived from [https://docs.broadcom.com/doc/12358545 vc4], but it is significantly different 
The QPU pipeline stays mostly the same, you still have an add ALU and a multiply ALU and it can issue two ALU OPs per cycle. There is still 4 SIMD lanes, interleaved over 4 cycles.
The instruction encoding for the QPUs is different, but the core instructions are the same.

Instructions for packed 8 bit int math has been dropped, along with most of the pack modes.
Instructions for packed 16bit float math has been added (2 floats at in a single operation)
With vc5/vc6, you write two packed 16f value to the tilebuffer (or four writes of 32f, if you are using the rgba32f framebuffer). And there is a handy vfpack operation which allows you to pack two f32s into a single 32bit value in a single instruction. You can vfpack directly into the tile buffer register.

the multiply ALU can now fadd, so you can issue two fadds per instruction. the add ALU has gained a bunch of new instructions 

the A and B register files have been merged. You still only get an A read and a B read per instruction, but they read from one big register file (which means the underlying memory block has gone from two sets of &quot;one read port, one write port&quot; to one &quot;two read ports, one write port&quot; block)

The theoretical max FLOPs per QPU remains the same at two per cycle, other than the bump from 400mhz to 500mhx but it looks like a lot of effort has been put putting those theoretical FLOPs to better use. 
*vc4 could run one or two threads per QPU. When you ran in two thread mode, the available register file halfed to 32 registers.
*vc5 added a four thread per QPU mode, with 16 registers per thread.
*vc6 doubled the size of the register file. You could now use all 64 threads in two thread mode and 32 registers in for thread mode. Single thread mode was removed, you always have at least two threads.

With the threading improvements, the QPUs should spent much less time idle waiting NOPs for memory requests. Most of the design changes have gone to improving the fixed function hardware around the QPUs. A fixed function blend unit has been added, which should reduce load on the QPUs when doing alpha blending. hope software blending is still possible 

The tile buffer can now store upto 4 render targets (up to 128bits per pixel, so if you are using 4 32bit render targets, you can't have a depth buffer)

A MMU, allowing a much simpler/faster kernel driver.

Many more texture formats, framebuffer formats.

All the features needed for opengl es 3.0 

H.265 / HEVC decoder is a HEVCv2 Main 4:4:4 10 design supporting bitstreams up to profile 5.1
HEVC hardware decode supports 4kp60, 10-bit. Audio output is pretty much unchanged, but the HDMI audio channels now support 8x192kHz bitrates 

Each ALU typically have 2 floating point operators, and as you pointed out in a earlier post videocore 6 is no exception, with both a multiply and additive floating point operator. Thus theoretical GFLOPs are calculated with both operators in mind. That is what the 2 in my formula represents, and is common across any modern programmable shader, whether you calculate Nvidia, AMD, Intel, Boardcom or any other company's GPUs. Total ALUs * 2 * GHz clock = GFLOPs, In the case of Raspberry Pi 3, it's 24 ALUs * 2 operators * 0.4GHz = 19.2GFLOPs
If the Videocore 6 does indeed only have 16 ALUs (16 * 2 * 0.5GHz), you'd have only 16GFLOPs but they are better utilised 

Possible maximum performance 
&lt;pre&gt;
VideoCore IV @ 250MHz: 250 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 24 Gflop/s
VideoCore IV @ 300MHz: 300 [MHz] x 3 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 28.8 Gflop/s
VideoCore VI @ 500MHz: 500 [MHz] x 2 [slice] x 4 [qpu/slice] x 4 [processor] x 2 [op/clock] = 32 Gflop/s
&lt;/pre&gt;

Faster LPDDR4 memory.


====BCM2837==== 

With the Pi3 
* Broadcom BCM43438 chip provides 2.4&amp;nbsp;GHz 802.11n wireless LAN, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Bluetooth 4.1 Classic radio support, 3B+ [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/afa5bc0bb17d5dd06bcfdbac00853a3799ca8d76 LAN7515] 

The overclock ability has diminished with each chip version as the energy usage has increased. BCM2837 is one of the warmest yet and benefits from active fan cooling if all four cpu cores are in use for a short while. Video playback is not affected due to the custom support in the GPU. 5 V / 2.4 or 2.5 amp power supply recommended if all four cpu cores are running, else throttling (cpu slowdown) might occur. 

Dual VDP and scalable QPU in VC4 


ARMv8-A has [https://developer.arm.com/documentation/102412/0100/Privilege-and-Exception-levels privilege levels] where userspace typically runs at ‘EL0’, the kernel at ‘EL1’ or ‘EL2’ and the firmware at the highest level ‘EL3’. 


===32bit===

=== Core Kernel ===


====BCM2708(family)====
which includes the [http://elinux.org/RPi_Hardware BCM2835] (ARM1176JZF-S 700&amp;nbsp;MHz CPU + VideoCore IV GPU + up to 1GB RAM)

*Framebuffer (fb) using mailbox 
*IRQ scheduler, etc 
*Arasan based SD Card controller 
*Synopsis DesignWare USB 2.0 OTG controller [http://networkdirection.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=106:rasperry-pi-usb-controller&amp;catid=45:raspberry-pi&amp;Itemid=54 Unofficial DOCS pdf],  [dwc_otg.c FreeBSD], [], [https://www.riscosopen.org/viewer/view/mixed/RiscOS/Sources/HWSupport/USB/Controllers/DWCDriver/ RiscOS USB Driver], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/878 RiscOS USB Discussion], [https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/11/topics/1893 Other USB RiscOS], [http://plan9.bell-labs.com/plan9/index.html Plan9 Miller's usb] http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sources/contrib/miller/, [https://github.com/Chadderz121/csud CSUD driver], 
*[http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf SMSC 9512] USB LAN/Hub chip 
*CMOS RAM 
*VCHIQ port which sends messages to the GPU e.g. for mouse, keyboard, audio on HDMI, etc 
*Audio Driver 
*Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) 
*[http://www.susa.net/wordpress/2012/06/raspberry-pi-pcf8563-real-time-clock-rtc/ I2C registers]
*I2S 
*Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) 
*[http://elinux.org/RPi_BCM2835_GPIOs GPIOs] and [http://www.adafruit.com/blog/2012/08/17/broadcom-bcm2835-peripheral-memory-map-and-gpio-alternate-use-chart-piday-raspberrypi-raspberry_pi/ Alternative view of GPIO]

BCM2836 
* For Pi B+, PI 2 and Pi 3 SMSC LAN9514 chip adding 10/100 Ethernet connectivity and four USB channels to the board

*[http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html PCB], [http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals Low level features],


 Implemented so far... 

# Modify the configure system so that it correctly builds for the arm hardware float raspi target.
# Implemented the bootstrap to load the aros modules and prepare the arm to jump into them. Reworked the x86 console support so that parts can be stolen for raspi to use since t has no basic functionality to output to the display.
# Implemented a kernel.resource to prepare the raspi for running aros and provide the low level api calls to expose available resources and allow exec, etc function.
# Implemented serial debug support
# Implemented the exec (and kernel) functionality required to make multitasking work (and interrupts, exceptions, syscalls, etc)
# Implemented a timer.device to utilise the hardware timers.
# Implemented a very basic gfx driver to expose the hardware's framebuffer.
# Implemented an SD-Card driver for AROS which presently only supports the raspi's chipset but can easily be modified to support all sd-card hardware and media.
# Fixed the fat filesystem support in AROS so that it can boot on RasPi's normal SD-Card setup. The &quot;rom&quot; image files needed use a different filename than the default linux, etc images so can be easily installed without harming the existing files - you only need to change the loaded images in the config file to get aros to boot.
# Updated the build scripts to automatically download the necessary raspi firmware files and wrap it all up so that you can simply extract the archive to a fat formatted sdcard and boot it on the raspi without having to get anything else.
# fix everything in contrib and ports to build for raspi (needs proper testing/fixes but allows every component to actually compile at least, including owb) + numerous other fixes to get things working on arm/raspi ..


Improvements...

# Implement a USB chipset driver &quot;OR&quot; finish the existing one [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/c07d13c724f944674be5db54fc6a71ee72a01809 usb otg] - the current code is mostly a skeleton that should initialise the chipset and then needs relevant code to support the different transfer types. It also has the &quot;virtual&quot; hub code in place to represent the raspi's USB port (from poseidons p.o.v) 
# Implement a driver for the USB NIC (a few weeks - depends on USB above) 
# Write an [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/d55d0f74d20b769bbb8c8d386e5c1d7a9154f05a audio driver] (a few weeks - independent of USB) and [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/e93a4c245f27a87c9c4c1d39206694b39059998a HDMI]
# fix syscall bug in the current raspi kernel code
# Graphics depend on having a decent &quot;bcmdma.resource&quot; implemented as to use the cpu's dma engine. The sd card driver needs to use it for transfers to/from the controller - and the gfx system needs to use it for &quot;blitting&quot;. 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/4019d84e4975d4dad987a12d57fe108f5ac048e6 Improve the gfx driver], [ vc4gfx HIDD] add [http://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/VC4/ Gallium3D support] 
# [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/b13905b3e8e45b089f520b44692c81affddd066f Improve] the [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/3a876755c070f5c73c4f53c7f4d35b4f923088b9 sdcard] device driver  - which is also pretty basic but should work with most cards, rework it to also support pci, etc. sd card interfaces on x86 
# The current code using very rudimentary access to the gpio interface - so that should be implemented as some resource for other components to access, as-well as the i2c interface exposed over the gpio interface. that should have a hidd class implemented which uses the gpio resource to communicate.


 Boot up typical for most other OSs before the open sourcing of many binary blobs from 2017 onwards 

On power-up, the rpi [http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835/ BCM 2835] [https://github.com/hermanhermitage/videocoreiv VideoCore4] GPU, not the ARM CPU, is in control, and the SD card slot is the only peripheral device with power. The firmware burned into the BCM2835's VideoCoreIV GPU PROM requires a DOS-style partition table; a FAT-formatted first partition; and the freely redistributable but closed sourced Broadcom files “bootcode.bin” and “start.elf” in that partition.

The boot sequence carries out several pre-boot tasks

*On powering of the rpi, the GPU reads and executes bootcode.bin, which then loads start.elf 
*The GPU loads the “start.elf” file, eventually, into the L2 cache and then executes it
*configures the memory split for the CPU and GPU
*reads and parses “config.txt” from the same partition on the SD card and applies the settings (like a PC’s BIOS settings)
*loads the “kernel.img” file, again from the same partition
*activates the CPU to begin executing the loaded kernel image

The CPU/GPU memory split is hard-coded into start.elf, so Broadcom provides three start.elf images, to give 32M, 64M, or 128M to the GPU for multimedia performance, and the remainder to the CPU.

RPi uses [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware some closed source loaders] and at some point it loads a binary blob named &quot;kernel.img&quot; at 0x8000, at that point there would be a rudimentary Aros alive. If one wants to use the SD-card then there would have to be a driver for the interface and a fat filesystem handler (SD-card has to be formatted to fat filesystem)

Boot code and kernel are now linked together and made into that binary blob, just for starters. Raspberry Pi uses [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=133 u-boot] and [http://kernelnomicon.org/?p=138 UBoot] as bootloader, there's already some code in the Efika MX port for that. UBoot is a native bootloader and not just for the raspberry pi, it loads after start.elf.

You can find Efika MX port from arch implementations, some hacking is needed for the mmakefile.src'es as iit dates back to before the Aros crosstool era or else you get some weird errors while building. You also need to code the bootstrap and serial handling.

At the moment it seems that a fastest route for the native build would be to make one binary blob without using the package system. Raspberry's memory layout is pretty simple and if the implemented u-boot doesn't support loading other modules 

&lt;pre&gt;
?          - alias for 'help'
mtest      - simple RAM test
autoscr    - run script from memory
base       - print or set address offset
bbm        - BBM sub-system
bdinfo     - print Board Info structure
boot       - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootd      - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootm      - boot application image from memory
bootp      - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
cmp        - memory compare
coninfo    - print console devices and information
cp         - memory copy
crc32      - checksum calculation
echo       - echo args to console
fatinfo    - print information about filesystem
fatload    - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls      - list files in a directory (default /)
go         - start application at address 'addr'
help       - print online help
iminfo     - print header information for application image
itest      - return true/false on integer compare
jade       -
loadb      - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
loads      - load S-Record file over serial line
loady      - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)
loop       - infinite loop on address range
md         - memory display
mm         - memory modify (auto-incrementing)
mtest      - simple RAM test
mw         - memory write (fill)
nfs        - boot image via network using NFS protocol
nm         - memory modify (constant address)
pci        - list and access PCI Configuration Space
ping       - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv   - print environment variables
rarpboot   - boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
reset      - Perform RESET of the CPU
run        - run commands in an environment variable
saveenv    - save environment variables to persistent storage
saves      - save S-Record file over serial line
setenv     - set environment variables
sleep      - delay execution for some time
tftpboot   - boot image via network using TFTP protocol
USB        - USB sub-system
usbboot    - boot from USB device
version    - print monitor version
&lt;/pre&gt;


And there is one more thing about modular ports. In order to actually implement this, your bootstrapping environment should provide the ability to load several files. On PC this is provided by GRUB2. on CHRP you can read filesystem via OpenFirmware, and Sam's Parthenope relies on modified u-boot. If your bootstrap allows to load only a single file, then you stuck with monolithic kickstart. By the way...  u-boot allows not only to boot up a single uImage or zImage, it also allows to write client programs AFAIK. With this approach, you actually can write modular bootstrap for ARM AROS using unmodified u-boot.

Most used [http://www.compulab.co.il/workspace/mediawiki/index.php5/U-Boot_quick_reference uboot options] are fatls usb 0:1,

the reason behind INTB_KERNEL is to allow use of the standard Exec function AddIntServer() to add interrupt handlers for
hardware drivers etc. AmigaOS never used it for abstract hardware drivers. AmigaOS  routed  only  raw  hardware IRQs there. Their assignment was hardcoded. As well as number of them. Actually on AmigaOS every bus has its own interrupt subsystem. For example PCI bus. PCI interrupts on Amiga are routed to a single exec interrupt.  1:1 relationship between CPU  and hardware interrupts is present only on PC.

IMHO we miss things like AddInterrupt/RemInterrupt methods on our PCI subsystem's device class.  PCI bus class should map these methods to whatever is appropriate. This is how it is done on AmigaOS and friends. When these are implemented, raw kernel.resource API will be needed only for several PC-specific drivers with hardwired resources. Exec IRQs are real IRQs only on Amiga hardware. On other machines they can be emulated where appropriate (VBlank is a good example). kernel.resource is meant  to be different, its IRQs are hardware-agnostic, they are plain &quot;Hardware IRQ number X, whatever this means&quot;. They are low-level actually, and meaningful only in the context of a particular system.

Was that not the transition from irq.hidd to kernel.resource? No.  A long time ago there was another hacky bit named INTB_TIMERTICK. It was &quot;abstract timer interrupt&quot;, used by timer.device. It was the same as VBlank, but with larger frequency. I removed it, because kernel.resource API was a cleaner way to access this interrupt. Furthermore, there can be more than one timer in the system. Thinking about bringing back timer HIDD definitions again. hpet.resource is a bad idea.

Can someone please enlighten me a little on how the scheduler is meant to work?
 
Poseidon.library creates its &quot;Poseidon Event Task&quot; during RTF_COLDSTART -&gt; then calls Wait(), and ends up in limbo because wait disables interrupts (used for the scheduler heartbeat), and basically waits forever because the sigbit is never set, since krnSwitch doesn't switch the task unless TF_SWITCH is set, and no codepath run during this seems to set it?? TF_SWITCH does not disable/enable switching. This flag just enables to run user-supplied hook when the task is being switched away. It is completely safe to call Wait() in Disable()d state. Doing this actually temporarily breaks this state. IDNestCnt gets remembered in struct Task, then next task is selected, and its IDNestCnt is restored in sysbase (see kernel_scheduler.c). If there are no other tasks, then your cpu_Dispatch() should enable interrupts on the CPU and enter idle mode. See x86 implementation for good example.

You miss what happens next...
 1. KrnSwitch() saves context of your task, saves IDNestCnt (core_Switch() and cpu_Switch()), then drops into cpu_Dispatch().
 2. cpu_Dispatch() calls core_Dispatch. Then two cases are possible:
 2a. There is a READY task. It is picked up, its IDNestCnt is restored in SysBase, then cpu_Dispatch() needs to restore registers and exit. The next task is run.
 2b. There are no READY tasks. core_Dispatch() returns NULL. In this case your cpu_Dispatch() should enter idle loop. It should just enable interrupts on the CPU and put it on halt. This allows it to process hardware interrupts. Eventually some of your interrupt handlers wakes up your task and puts it into READY list.

My heartbeat interrupt has been slowed atm to help debugging - but it never actually gets a chance to fire because of the Wait() disabling interrupts. Perhaps you have forgotten to enable interrupts in your idle loop.

There is a change in the format of AROS executables. Until now we were using Elf RELocable files which are usually used as intermediate object files. We had them for various reasons, one of them was how AROS files were built in the past. That days we had no real aros cross compiler and the option to embed relocation data in unix executables (or in executable files in general) was rather new and not every linux/unix system had it. Therefore we have decided to use intermediate files. Although it was somehow working (and it is still working :-)), it has some drawbacks. Therefore decided to introduce real Elf EXEC types, in first turn implemented on ARM target with option to expand in future to all other AROS architectures.

The first patch was pretty easy and appeared to work somehow. It generated nice executables with embedded relocation info. Not only that, it also removed all global symbols adjusting relocation data to be relative to the beginning of the sections. That move reduced number of symbols in each executable significantly (depending on the file between 20 and 80% of all symbols could be removed). The only symbols that stayed in the file are local ones - due to the nature of the patch wasn't able to remove them since we have not seen them in the symbol hash table.

The patch didn't worked though. The files were relocated, AROS kernel loaded, but it crashed very early. What happened? Well, the nature of ARM relocations happened :)

Most of the relocation data on all machines is rather simple. Relocation can be absolute or pc-relative, sometimes the offset has to be bit shifted. On ARM v7 there is another one. There, when one wants to load an address of function/variable into register a combination of two instructions can be used: movw and movt. The first one loads immediate into lower 16 bits of a register while clearing upper 16 bits. The second one loads immediate into upper 16 bits without touching lower halfword. Loading of a pointer into a register looks like this:

        movw r0, #:lower16:label

        movt   r0, #:upper16:label

In this case there are two relocations - one for lower halfword and another for upper. If an overflow of lower 16 bits occurs during relocation process, the upper one should be updated as well. Unfortunately with current patch and with typical ARM executables there is not enough information to perform the calculations.

There are two options - the first one would be to give up and go back to &quot;fake&quot; executables, another one would be to change from REL to RELA relocation info. The latter contains an addend, extra data which can be used to perform all the relocation calculations I need.

Decided for the second option. The patch is already in the works. There is another function for the binutils' bfd backend to perform the final relocation. There can decide what to do with every reloc info, modify data and eventually strip some symbols. An advantage is - at this stage of the linking process have also full access to all local symbols so can change all relocations section relative and eventually strip all symbols from the files. 

=== GPU ===

VCore developed by Alphamosaic Ltd and now owned by Broadcom. Most of start.elf runs on the GPU.   Placing ALL the userland GPU code in the videocore.hidd isn't going to be a terribly big problem because the code they published is nothing more than a shim that sends data straight to the GPU to execute.

The good news about this is that we only need to write our HIDD using the OpenVG API.   The shim is relatively small codewise and lives in the ARM memory (the actual OpenVG code itself lives in the GPU RAM area and its loaded from start.elf).   That's also the bad news.  Our driver has to translate AROS video calls to OpenVG calls, for most tasks it should be easy, for some, not so much.  It's still probably less difficult and less work, than controlling the GPU directly.

The other good news is that anything done through OpenVG happens on the GPU, its truly accelerated.   It also has some nice font functions, meaning we can lead into an accelerated text mode later.

Basically, AROS resets or locks up when it tries to use AROS_ATOMIC_INC or DEC.  If I comment out the byte/word operations in the header files and use non-atomic operations, the code works as expected.
 
have read that the L1 cache needs to be enabled to use LDREX and co (which I also read is only meant to be used on multi processor systems with shared memory) - however I am certain this is correctly enabled.

If you are using LREX or STREX, you should have L1 cache enabled, at least on the ARM CPU I work with at work.

L1 cache is enabled by enabling the MMU *AND* setting the C and I bits in the CPU - the C bit is ignored, and the I bit only covers the 16 byte instruction pipeline if the MMU is not enabled.

Can you verify that your assembly is generating LDREX/STREX? From the behavior, it almost sounds like its generating the default Semaphore locked atomics.
 Impossible. There are no semaphore-locked atomics. There are Disable()/Enable()-based ones instead. And there's a special #define AROS_NO_ATOMIC_OPERATIONS in this case, which tweaks Disable()/Enable() implementations not to recurse forever.
 I have tested this on ARMv5 which does not have ldrex/strex, it works fine. On those ARMs there's no way to have real atomics. On other OSes (like Linux) this is done by introducing things like atomic_t, which appears to be a complex structure, holding the value together with accompanying spinlock (implemented using swp).

    #warning &quot;TODO: lookup optimal mmu table settings for raspi memory&quot;
        /* Set up an identity-mapping for all 4GB */
        for(x = 0; x &lt; 4096; x ++)
        {
            pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | (0x40002|0x80000|0x010000|0x00C00|0x04);
        }

Shouldn't there be a second loop that sets the 'C' bit in the descriptor for the RAM pages?

Currently, you have TEX=0, C=0, B=1 for all pages (Shared Device).

You should have TEX=0, C=1, B=0 for RAM (Write-Through, Cached)

    So ..
     
     pagetable[x] = x&lt;&lt;20 | 2;

     
    should be enough?

No, for RAM you need to change the '| 0x40' to '| 0x80'

tell dosboot the correct defaults to use

Please don't do this. This bootconfig.c is a deprecated legacy thing. I wanted it to go away completely with time. Instead,  display  drivers  should auto-install themselves during own initialization phase. I. e. detect hardware=&gt;instantiate itself. This   should   make  things way simpler. With this approach you only need  to add the driver into KS image to get the device autobooted. No hardcoded stuff. 
Currently  VESA  and  VGA drivers do this, look there for examples. never rewrote ATI driver because i don't have any test system for it.

they defined a smaller AROSCPUContext than the ExceptionContext - yet reference it as ExceptionContext in other places, and since it hasn't allocated enough storage for ExceptionContext, are corrupting memory/the structure (since the elements that are there don't map 1 to 1 with the exception context).

AFAIK, AROS has been moving in a different direction to this in recent years. It is the job of graphics HIDDs to allocate bitmaps etc. so that they have the most suitable characteristics, including allocating them from GPU RAM where possible. The concept of chip RAM is only for legacy code, and most if not all non-68k platforms should have all system RAM
marked as chip.

BTW, is the video processing code you mention CPU code or GPU code?

Also, IIRC we have support for &quot;external memory allocators&quot;. Perhaps that's what we need for the allocation of GPU RAM through the mailbox.

All hosted and x86 native ports should use proper context formats.

trying to clarify if the vblank handler has to have run by this point to prevent this deadlock. Actually, no. Unless you have installed VBlank handler which should wake up at some point. Without VBlank there will be no quantum count. Consequently, there will be no forced preemption. But the rest will work, and multitasking will be cooperative (switch happens only when current task voluntarily gives up the CPU). Does it depend on the vblank having run before this point? and if yes what does that mean on systems where it might be able to run enough code (e.g. get to this point) before the vblank interrupt has triggered? What is it waiting for? It could wait for timer, in this case you need timer.device working. VBlank is currently needed for exec's quantum counter. In current native ports we have only a single timer, which is served by timer.device. VBlank is simulated by timer.device also. If your machine has two timers, then you can use one of them for VBlank, and another for timer.device, this will simplify things down. VBlank needs to be 50 Hz for historical reasons, many programs use it as cheap timer. I am periodically thinking about making some abstract mechanism to be able to change quantum source (and untie it from 50 Hz), but have no time to come up with something good. Additionally i started disliking timer.device hardcoded design when PC has got many timers (old 8253, APIC, HPET).
Currently i think there should be some low-level entity representing tick source. timer.device should just select the most appropriate source for its units.
The BCM2835 has 4 GPU based timer sources - 2 are used by the GPU, so im using Timer3 for our heartbeat and the remaining one will be free to the system. There is also the less capable ARM timer but that is dependent on the CPU frequency. Very good. You won't need any emulation. Set the heartbeat to 50 Hz and drive VBlank from it. Use other timer for MicroHZ.

Can you use the 'econsole.hook' I make for debugging the Sam460 via the serial port?
It provides a before-anything-else shell prompt on the serial port.  You can then do 'NewCLI' to test your graphics, or use any DOS command in shellcommands.resource.

You should just be able to add econsole.hook to your module list, and use 'econsole' in your bootargs.

So long as you have a working Exec/RawMayGetChar and Exec/RawPutChar, it should work.

Also make sure to add shell.resource and shellcommands.resource for this.

That should have done it.

If you set &quot;#define DEBUG 1&quot; in  arch/all-native/econsole/econsole.c, do you get any additional serial output?

have added it to the build and added econsole to the command line - and can see the bootloader picks up on the emergency bootconsole tag, but I still only get the insert bootable media display?

Im assuming it exposes a fake filesystem that tricks aros into booting?
The contents of which are: ECON:AROS.boot

Way to handle the scheduling code? The implementations I had been following were causing problems, due to cascading interrupts which I cant handle properly in the asm stubs just now (when they break disable etc.) - since it means detecting the interrupted codes cpu mode and getting the correct sp/lr for it, and that's just too tedious for arm.
 
To work around this ive added a system idle task which does nothing - and when the scheduling code has no task to run switches this in and lets it run, thereby allowing the interrupts etc to resume until something does need to happen.
 
Also, by adding accounting code to cpu_Switch() and cpu_Dispatch(), it should allow the system to log idle time correctly (as well as running tasks).
 
have thought of also adding an additional task that never runs, solely to record time spent in IRQ handlers, but I digress..

was under the impression that kernel.resource should *never* be used outside of exec.library. This is a wrong impression.
Michal started designing it because portable nature of AROS does not fit well into exec's API with all its assumptions. So, he started the new, hardware-agnostic kernel API from scratch. Yes, exec sits on top of it in places. But kernel always meant to be open thing. Otherwise it would not exist. 
it wasn't meant to be just used willy nilly by user code - but by lower system components (e.g. exec) so that they could be implemented in a more generic fashion, and the kernel resource itself hide the systems quirks.

Adding new things there perfectly keeps up with our decision to minimize AROS-specific intervention into APIs which can clash with MorphOS/OS4 extensions. We want at least source-level compatibility there. Binary compatibility on PPC would be extremely cool, but at the other hand we have no maintainer for this, as well as their ABIs are a bit weird and far from optimal, especially MorphOS one, because it aims for m68k binary compatibility.
It depends on what exactly is being implemented - there's no reason we should have everything crammed into kernel.resource if it doesn't need to be (i.e. if its better suited as a separate component/subsystem in its own right)

The _LE versions are for when you have endian swapping taking place.  If the graphics are the same endian as the CPU, no swapping should occur.  I ran into a similar terminology problem in SDL with a friend insisting that his Radeon 7000 on his PC was big-endian.  It is not, it just uses the same endianness for the graphics card and the CPU so no swapping was necessary.  They were both little-endian.
The _LE versions are because the PixFmts refer to the bitmap data being in big endian format in memory, for which the normal version would need to do endianness conversion before applying the shifts/masks. on this platform it is in _LE in memory also so we don't need the conversion hence using the _LE version of the call). would use _LE (if it's really little endian 16 bit mode).

 
What is the bare minimum needed to implement a framebuffer based gfx driver, with our software handling the rest?
 
I have tried with just a gfx class that only expose new/dispose/newbitmap - and having an onscreenbitmap used only for the framebuffer itself (with all other bitmaps being chunkybm, and the framebuffer's superclass also being chunkybm), but that alone isn't enough it seems?
You can use workbench/hidds/sm502/ as your example - it is as simple as I could make it.
So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (I have verified this) -&gt; so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer &quot;bitmap object&quot; myself - only as a result of being asked to.

So far have -:

vc_init: queries the gpus memory, and sets up a fake memory handler for it, then adds the bootmode driver and  returns saying all is well
vc_gfxhidd:New: sets up some fake syncmodes to test with and creates the real gfx object.
vc_gfxhidd:NewBitmap: checks if its a framebuffer and uses the onbitmap class or uses the chunkybm class otherwise
vc_onbitmap:New; creates a chunkybm object and then pushes the real framebuffer address into it as the buffer,
 
So, AROS creates the framebuffer bitmap (I have verified this) -&gt; so surely it should be capable of then rendeing into it? I don't actually create the framebuffer &quot;bitmap object&quot; myself - only as a result of being asked to.

The code I currently have on SVN seems to create the framebuffers bitmap object fine, but then crashes in intuitions DisplayDriver callback.  In particular it crashes performing the getattr on the system default pointer. don't expose MEMF_CHIP in an allocatable form so AllocSpriteData was failing (and other code later doesn't check if the values are valid == illegal memory accesses) 

vc4 had v8adds, v8subs, v8muld, v8min and v8max which operated on four 8bit uint values packed into a 32bit register. Multiplication was in the range 0.0 to 1.0 and addition/subtraction saturated. There were also a range unpacking/packing modes that allowed you to pack and unpack 8bit values into 32bit registers. 

RasPi has to speak to the &quot;operating system&quot; which runs on the GPU itself and request/free memory - it cant directly manage it itself, and so the managed functions were used to wrap these calls.

The Arm and GPU share memory space. The framebuffer is shared. The Arm can write a pixel and it will appear on the screen (through GPU hardware) without flushing/copying being required.

The GPU can composite multiple FB's in real time - so you have a number of surfaces defined which are rotated etc and  composited in real time to the output. Copying can map from the address space of the Arm to the flat space of the GPU which takes some code, but I don't think whole buffers are copied.

The DMA hardware can also access the whole memory space and can perform 2D fills and blits (no blending). This is documented in the peripheral spec posted. The DMA is just an Arm accessible peripheral and can be set up with low latency (e.g. microseconds).
must use a 0xc0000000-based bus address to access SDRAM, yet non-DMA access should go via a 0x0-based bus address. 
For 2D dma, set TDMODE, and the spec says &quot;interpret the TXFR_LEN register as YLENGTH number of transfers each of XLENGTH, and add the strides to the address after each transfer.&quot; so set STRIDE to pitch of the image, the width is XLENGTH and height is YLENGTH. You would fill by not setting the SRC_INC and point source to your fill data.

The DMA cannot see the ARM's L1 cache, so you would map the framebuffer with ioremap_nocache. Depending on where the source data comes from, it may need an L1 cache flush. The DMA can see the L2 cache. Use 0xC0000000 bus addresses when L2 is disabled and 0x40000000 bus addresses when L2 is enabled. (actually just call virt_to_bus and you'll get the right address out).

openGLES/openVG has high latency. Writing to framebuffer then reading it back is very inefficient (e.g. milliseconds). If you can drive it a unidirectional way, just streaming commands at then that is efficient. openVG is not implemented on top of openGLES - it uses the same hardware but as a first class interface

To improve the Gfx driver, we will need a DMA resource implemented so can use to perform DMA operations. The Gfx driver will need this to perform blits.


Actually MEMF_CHIP has to present, for historical reasons.
This has been never fully agreed upon, but in ports i wrote i exposed the whole memory as MEMF_CHIP. The idea behind this is that CHIP is originally the memory where graphics and sound data can be put. On non-Amiga platforms there are no restrictions on this, so the whole memory is CHIP.
Yes, many old software can misbehave with CHIP memory size larger than 2MB. But this actually applies only to m68k AROS which is going to run m68k binaries. In other cases it's quite logical to fix the program when porting.

As to original question: yes, it's enough to have a framebuffer bitmap (one with aoHidd_BitMap_FrameBuffer set to TRUE) and PutPixel routine. It framebuffer can be served by chunky bitmap class, then you can simply create chunky bitmap with your own buffer (see how VESA driver does this). Chunky PutPixel is already there.

struggling to determine what is the correct pixfmt to use for the 24/16/15 bit gfx modes on the RasPi.  AFAIK it uses RGB565, for 16bit but im unsure what shifts etc should go with it? suffice to say Im getting the wrong colors so far lol.

&lt;pre&gt;
redmask: 0x0000F800
greenmask: 0x000007E0
bluemask: 0x0000001F
alphamask: 0

redshift: 16
greenshift: 21
blueshift: 27
alphashift: 0
&lt;/pre&gt;

It should likely be vHidd_StdPixFmt_RGB16_LE

This stuff is a bit confusing.  The &quot;names&quot; of the stdpixfmts are based on the layout in memory,
ignoring endianess. So for example:

ARGB32: will be 0xAA 0xRR 0xGG 0xBB in memory on both big endian and little endian machines.

The shifts and masks OTOH are based on pixel access (ULONG in this case), so differ depending
on whether you run on big endian machine or little endian machine (that's why there's stdpixfmt_le.h and
stdpixfmt_be.h in rom/hidds/graphics/).

With the 16 bit pixel format it's even more confusing, as for example it's impossible on little endian machine
to describe RGB16 with shifts/masks alone. That's why there's vHidd_PixFmt_SwapPixelBytes_Flag.
(RGB16 == RRRRRGGG GGGBBBBB in memory, and for pixel (WORD) access on little endian machine it needs to
be accessed as GGGBBBBBRRRRRGGGG).

The shifts btw indicate how much to shift the component to the left (!) so that it is moved to the highest bit (31).

The aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you specify will be ignored most of the time, because when the pixelfmt is registered,
the gfx hidd checks if there's an identical pixfmt (shifts/masks/etc., but ignoring pixfmt-&gt;stdpixfmt) already in the system,
and if so, it uses the already existing one and does not create a new one.

In theory it would be better if gfx drivers could simply/only specify a StdPixFmt without all the shifts/masks stuff when the
gfx driver uses pixfmt which matches one of the stdpixfmts exactly. Another possibility would be for gfx drivers to use
HIDD_Gfx_GetPIxFmt(stdpixfmt_gfx_driver_wants_to_use) and then peek shifts/masks from it and fill out a pixfmt
tag list based on that.
15bit very blue/green: Try to pass same shifts/masks/etc. as in 16 bit pixfmt (maybe you think it's using 15 bit R5G5B5
(or swapped) but it's actually still using 16 bit R5G6B5 (or swapped).
 aHidd_PixFmt_StdPixFmt you pass is mostly ignored. It's the shift/masks/etc. that count.
But I would still pass the correct one (_LE) == whatever rom/hidds/graphics/stdpixfmts_??.h uses
in the entry where you have looked up shifts/masks/etc.

Use the shifts/masks/etc. from the entry in stdpixfmt_le.h (if you are running on little endian machine) or stdpixfmt_be.h (if you
are running on little endian machine) that matches the pixfmt that its meant to be.

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on little endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_le.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

0xAA,0xRR,0xGG,0xBB on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_ARGB32)
0xBB,0xGG,0xRR,0xAA on big endian (-&gt;entry in stdpixfmt_be.h which says vHidd_StdPixFmt_BGRA32)

it feels like AROS trashes the alpha component, otherwise it should be 8A8R8G8B.

read on the subject suggest its in 1x5r5g5b (x is ignored) to keep 16bit alignment .
 
Suggests to me that wrong shift/mask are being applied - however going by the 16bit versions it all looks correct to me so I am really confused as to what is happening.

The output image looks to have too much green/blue, and very weak red.


 Kickstart 

The  idea  is  to minimize amount of archirecture-specific modules to make the user's  life  easier.  So,  the kickstart was split into 'base' (which  does  not  contain anything machine-specific) and 'BSP' (Board Support Package) which contains all hardware-specific stuff. This  way,  for  example, distribution makers can save up space on CD and  make  CDs with multiple platform support. Different configuration would load the same base with different BSP's.

Next  there  was some part which is entirely missing on hosted. These are   filesystems.  Hosted  ports  do  not need them to boot up, so on hosted   they  are  left  out.  At  the  other  hand,  they  are  also architecture-agnostic.  So  i put them into 'FS' package (standing for 'filesystem').


 USB 

Poseidon  is  one  more  big part. I made it into separate package in order to allow users to omit it if they don't need it (for example, to run  on retro PCs without USB). Personally i have one. Again, Poseidon is  hardware-agnostic (well, there are USB drivers but HCIs are pretty standard).

AFAIK its HCI 1.0 compliant but not familiar enough with poseidons drivers, nor USB, to just hack away at the existing code.  Perhaps once i'm more familiar with the workings I can merge in the changes needed to get it operating but for now I will focus on getting it running.  Also our drivers have known issues so perhaps a fresh set of eyes might shed some light on what is going wrong.

Another interesting question is whether Poseidon can operate on device side. Is it flexible enough? How similar is being a USB host and USB device? think it will need a bit of work on Poseidon's side.  Until then I will force the driver into Host/Master mode in the init code, but leave open device etc to configure the chipset for either's use - and look at trying to add support for working in Device/Slave mode &amp; switching modes once it's up and running.

Actually USBROMStartup is some kind of kludge. Can there be any alternative? Could device drivers be self-installing, like our HIDDs? This would get rid of need to list them in USBRomStartup.

* Model A and B limited to 150 mA per port. 
* Model B+ and Pi 2 introduced configurable 600 mA to 1.2 A support over all ports - anything above that requires a powered USB hub.

Implementing the hardware driver that Poseidon uses to interact with the USB components.

Have code in place to (try) and initialise the USB chipset, and configure host/device mode operation (though AFAICT Poseidon doesn't support device mode). Started to get the &quot;virtual&quot; root hub written for the single USB port so that Poseidon should at least list it correctly in the GUI - and try to interact with it to find peripherals.


The BCM2835 uses a soft IP block from Synopsys’ DesignWare library (DWC), specifically the block is called dwc_usb_2_0_hs_otg_subsystem-ahb_se (“USB 2.0 Hi-Speed OTG Controller Subsystem w/AHB Interface SE”).

There is no public documentation for this, and pretty much zero chance of anyone getting hold of it even with NDA. However, there's a Linux driver written by Synopsys ([https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux dwc_usb]). Specifically directories [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_common_port] and [https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/drivers/usb/host dwc_otg].

The Synopsys code is actually under a fairly permissive licence – it's not GPL, it's similar to BSD (’don't sue us if it breaks’ is pretty much the only clause). So this should not be a barrier to porting the code.

The code is really well written, with a nice partition between the work done by the driver (dwc_otg, which is fairly involved, given the host does more work than a conventional EHCI driver), and the interface to Linux (dwc_common_port).

Probably only need provision of relevant changes to dwc_common_port. Other things to consider....

* Provision of necessary headers to get it to compile
* Provision of necessary functions (main issues are wait queues, threads, work queues, tasklets, timers, spinlocks and mutexes (multithreading) )
* Interfacing between USB stack and the driver. dwc_otg/dwc_otg_hcd_linux.c looks like the place to start.

the Linux bits of the headers are only required for the dwc_common_port library. dwc_common_port includes a variety of crypto functions which are not used – it appears to also be used for ultrawideband (UWB) and wireless USB (WUSB) drivers where crypto will be an issue, but it isn't going to be for plain wired USB.

Every USB driver acts as an USB hub as well in order to let Poseidon control the state of USB ports. The code there was reading status of the only USB port in Raspberry's CPU but when changing the status it erroneously deleted some of the status bits, including the port enable one. It was so because those bits in the status register are of a type Read/WriteToClear. It means, if one does not want to change their value from 1 back to 0, one has to actually write the 0 value. Very practical thing e.g. in interrupt handlers, where one reads the interrupt status register to learn what was the interrupt reason, and writes it back to the same register in order to clear the interrupts. 

After fixing that code it turned out that the communication was still unsuccessful. Apparently the USB device was not understanding the host for some reason. That should not happen since the request sent was one of the standard ones implemented by virtually anything with an USB connector, assumed that Poseidon clears the data caches before forwarding the work to the USB drivers but that's the responsibility of the driver itself. 

The USB device responded and acknowledged the transmission! But why were all the request sent after address change failing with timeout? They should not. Once again, address set is supported just by anything. Tried to contact the device at address 0 once again and there it was, still responding properly. The enlightenment came. The bus address for DMA transmissions was, as it is in many bare metal USB implementations, just the pure memory address of the buffer as seen by the ARM cpu. Have &quot;prefixed&quot; it with the real location of uncached RAM and booted AROS once again. 


Trident saw this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

and this:

    Product     : Vendor: Vdr=0424/PID=EC00
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 255
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 1
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 60416
    DevVers   : 0200

and even this:

    Product     : Hub: Vdr=0424/PID=9514
    Manufacturer: Standard Microsystems Corp.
    SerialNumber: n/a
    /Users/michal/git/AROS/rom/USB/poseidon/./poseidon.library.c:psd_20_psdEnumerateDevice/3092: USBVersion: 0200
    Class     : 9
    SubClass  : 0
    DevProto  : 2
    VendorID  : 1060
    ProductID : 38164
    DevVers   : 0200

What are these things? The first one is USB hub built in the Raspberry. Thanks to this one the Pi machines (with exception of Pi0 and computing modules) have more than just one single USB port. The second one is the network chip in raspberry, the third one is my USB SD card reader which have just connected to see what happens. AROS tried, of course, to boot from it ;)

So, the first step towards working USB is done. The control transfers are working as you can see above. Next step is to implement bulk and interrupt transfers, having the basics in place. Finally some error handling will be added and USB for Pi will be as complete as the PC version. 

[http://www.raspyfi.com/raspberry-pi-usb-audio-fix/ Issue with USB Audio]


 Audio 

[https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/tree/rpi-patches/sound/arm audio] and its [https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/issues/2 very high speed message passing interface type of thing VCHI]

The Model B+ added an additional voltage regulator for the audio output and an additional output driver to drive low-resistance loads like headphones. However it is still using pulse-width modulation (PWM), which has a major impact on sound quality

the old Raspberry Pi used a linear voltage regulator to provide the 3.3V to many of the components on the board while the new one uses a switching regulator. Both can perform reasonably well. However switch mode power supplies often show higher noise figures

Analogue audio

Audio over HDMI rev 1.3 &amp; 1.4


 Ethernet 

10/100 BaseT Ethernet RJ45 socket


 GPIO 

GPIO shouldn't be too bad but bear in mind it is already accessed in places so they would need to allocate pins etc through it (e.g. sdcard to flicker the activity light, serial debug to output data on the GPIO pins)

Probably a resource rather than a device...

Started an i2c driver that will need to allocate GPIO pins. Feel free to work on it if you are interested ;p


 GPU graphics with 2D and 3D acceleration 

Sadly none yet for 32bit but for 64bit... 


 Miscellanous

hdmi issues

Setting the hdmi_force_hotplug=1 makes sure the Pi believes the monitor/TV is really there.

You might also need to set config_hdmi_boost=4 or even higher (up to 9) if your display needs a stronger signal.

If the display is a computer monitor or newer tv, use hdmi_group=1 (auto HDMI use) and if it is an older TV, try hdmi_group=2 (for DMT formats, i.e. for PC monitors) then you HAVE to &quot;set hdmi_drive = 2 to enable HDMI output as this forces HDMI mode rather than DVI mode

Do not set hdmi_safe=1 as that overrides many of the previous options.

Using a shorter or better quality HDMI cable might help. Make sure your Pi's power supply delivers 1 A and not 500 mA.
If you see a problem with the red colour - either absent, or interference - then try a boost

composite video

changing the RCA cable, then the composite port worked out of the box

Boot it as you are doing, without HDMI. If you now plug in the HDMI, do you get the image? In other words, does the Pi think HDMI is connected even when it isn't?

Rename all the files in the first partion of the card except bootcode.bin, start.elf and fixup.dat  What's the result?

Put back config.txt What's the result?

for PAL mode   sdtv_mode=2

dmi_ignore_hotplug Pretends HDMI hotplug signal is not asserted so it appears a HDMI display is not attached
hdmi_ignore_hotplug=1 Use composite mode even if HDMI monitor is detected

&lt;pre&gt;
# NOOBS Auto-generated Settings:
#hdmi_force_hotplug=1
#config_hdmi_boost=4
#overscan_left=24
#overscan_right=24
#overscan_top=16
#overscan_bottom=16
#disable_overscan=0
start_x=1
gpu_mem=128
&lt;/pre&gt;

tvservice -c &quot;PAL 4:3&quot;

&lt;pre&gt;
/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -s   or tvservice -s 
state: HPD high|HDMI mode|HDCP off|composite off (0x12001a), 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m CEA
Group CEA has 1 modes:
(native) mode 16: 1920x1080 @ 60 Hz, progressive

/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -m DMT
Group DMT has 0 modes:
&lt;/pre&gt;

sudo amixer cset numid=3 1

forces the audio to the headphone jack, even with the HDMI video output plugged in

config.txt

the hdmi_ignore_edid_audio=1 option sems relevant as it should tell ALSA that the only available audio is analog, no matter what the display says

There are several different ways that these 4 pole (ring) composite analog cables can be wired up, so some work great in some applications and can be a waste of time in others.

What is needed for the Raspberry Pi B+ and above, which like many camcorders needs the ring contact next to the base contact to be the ground.


The wiring for the 4 pole are:

TIP (LEFT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 1 (RIGHT AUDIO CHANNEL)

RING 2 (GROUND/EARTH)

RING 3 BASE/SLEEVE (VIDEO) YELLOW

Most Apple based Players and the Microsoft Zune (TM) are wired this way.

Most analogue camcorders are wired this way as well, where the ground in on Ring 2 will work with the Pi although you may need to swap your Video plug with the Right Audio plug.

Nearly all other MP3 players are not wired this way, the ground is on another ring ie the wrong one.


External devices

* Camera Module Omnivision ov5647 Sunny 5MP (NoIR version) V1.3 - NoIR at 850&amp;nbsp;nm, peak at 880&amp;nbsp;nm and trails off at 940&amp;nbsp;nm wavelengths 
* Camera V2 Sony IMX219 V2.1 8mpixel 8MP 8megapixel - 3280 x 2464 pixels - video at 1080p30, 720p60 and 640x480p90 - wider field of view, 62 vs 54 degrees horizontally - 
* Branded WIFI usb BCM43143 dongle

N.B.  dreaded error after changing cameras (stupidly without turning off the power first) and lasted through several power cycles.  It can be a bad 15-pin FFC ribbon cable, when swapped, camera(s) and the Pi itself are working OK. It can be an instance of a cold solder joint on the CSI connector on the pi board.  the camera can be detected (that's done via I2C) but may still not be able to receive image data (done via CSI-2) if something is broken. CSI-2 is uni-directional. Control is generally done via I2C. 
The CSI-2 receiver always writes to memory, not direct to the ISP. That's the way the Broadcom architecture works as it allows multipass processing easily. GPU memory is accessible from the ARM. Processing using the QPU graphics processors may be possible.  currently the only supported sensor is OV5647 and IMX219.  The linux drivers are all in the firmware blob, else you'd  be looking at at least a man-month of work in a fully fledged imaging lab to do a decent tuning of the camera modules' ISP parameters. 
Static electricity maybe an issue for the camera module and slightly less for the pi board.


== References ==

[https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html CM5] has the same 55mm x 40mm 2x100pin connectors form factor as the CM4 but [https://www.epdtonthenet.net/article/214508/Key-Considerations-When-Migrating-from-Raspberry-Pi-CM4-to-CM5.aspx some pins and other small things] have changed. Will need the [https://raspipcb.com/tech-blog/raspberry-pi-cm4-vs-cm5-difference-in-booting-from-sd-card/ right IO board to suit] 

*Green [ Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 IO Board REV2 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1967]] - untested 
*Green [ RPi Compute Module 5 IO board REV1 [https://pip.raspberrypi.com/categories/1097-raspberry-pi-compute-module-5-io-board SC1751]] - untested 
*Black SupTronics Geekbord X1500 CM5 IO Carrier Board - untested
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*Green BentoIO CMX0 - untested 
*[https://sipeed.com/nanocluster Sipeed NanoCluster] - untested up to 7 CM5 
*Home Assistant Yellow - Kit with PoE with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5_PoE_BASE_A Waveshare CM5-PoE-BASE-A] - untested 
*Box  Waveshare [ CM5-POE-BOX-A] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-B] - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM5-IO-BASE-A] - untested 
*Blue Waveshare [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM5-NANO-B CM5-NANO-B] - untested 


*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/pi-flux piFlux]
*[https://carboncomputers.us/products/ Zitaotech Hackberry] CM5 lite only - 
*Portable [https://www.waveshare.com/pocketterm35.htm Waveshare PocketTerm35] with Pi4B or Pi5 - untested 
*Box [https://www.clockworkpi.com/uconsole ClockworkPi uConsole][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtI_bAahbR8 CM4 into an adapter or CM3 into so-dimm - Cyberdeck] - untested 


*Green RPi [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IO-KiCAD.zip Compute Module 4] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4io-datasheet.pdf IO board] V1.4 [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/CM4IOUSB3-KiCAD.zip USB3] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4io/cm4iousb3-appnote.pdf CM4ISO] [https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/cm4/cm4-datasheet.pdf Dual100pin] (2020) aka Development Platform Board - untested 
*Purple Pi Hut Cytron CM4 Maker Board - untested 
*Black DeskPi Super6C Cluster Mini-ITX Board - untested 
*[ KubeSail PiBox mini 2] 
*Home Assistant Yellow with Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 - untested 
*[ Turing Pi V2] - untested CM4 with 260-pin SO-DIMM socket adapters and/or nvidia jetson nanos - untested 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-B Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-B] - untested but binary blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/CM4-IO-BASE-A Waveshare CM4-IO-BASE-A] - untested but binary blobs 


CM3 has a 200 pin sodimm ddr2 connector form factor but not electrically SC0028, SC0029 
*Blue [https://wiki.geekworm.com/CM_IO_Board Geekworm RPi Compute Module IO Board] [https://github.com/geekworm-com/cm-io-board CSI DSI] with CM3 in ddr2 slot underside - '''works''' if SW1 on but CM3+ '''does not''' 
*Green [https://cdn-shop.adafruit.com/product-files/3442/CMIO_schematic.pdf RPi V3 IO board CM3IO] and CM3 Lite - untested 
*Green [https://turingpi.com/ turingpi v1 cluster] - untested up to 7 cm3 7xlan9514 12V discontinued sadly, 3 x Pi4 probably better 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_PoE_Board Waveshare Compute Module PoE Board] and CM3 lite (if not lite, write files to internal eMMC fat32) '''AVOID''' bin blobs 
*Blue [https://www.waveshare.com/compute-module-io-board-plus.htm Waveshare Compute Module IO Board Plus] [https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Compute_Module_IO_Board_Plus wiki] [https://forums.raspberrypi.com/viewtopic.php?t=235695 pin settings] with CM3+ Lite - '''AVOID''' binary blob 


*[ Pi02w on Geekworm SupTronics X305 Raspberry Pi Zero IO Baseboard] - untested 
*[ Spotpear Pi Zero 2w to Pi3b format-ish] - untested 


*[ pi-top v4] box has 128x64 oled display, micro hdmi, 19Whr battery with pi4 and 15V PD 36W min needed 
*[ pi-top v3] three green pieces, heatsink covers most of the base tray, pi-top hub mk1 lhs and Pi1B Pi2b Pi3b rhs secured from below, black rounded strip with pi-top above keyboard, 13.3&quot; HD 1366 x 768 display, small touchpad, 
*[ pi-top Model 2.0] pi-top on bottom bezel of 14-inch green laptop, large trackpad, keyboard slide down to reveal main system hub on slide rails moved to the right, Raspberry Pi3b screws down, hub slides in, 18V 2.5A 45W charger brick, battery 11.1V 3500mAh 38.85Wh and storage PiTopOS 
*[ Pi-Top CEED Raspberry Pi Modular Educational Desktop with RPI3] monitor 
*[https://www.indiegogo.com/en/projects/jesselozano/pi-top-a-raspberry-pi-laptop-you-build-yourself Pi-Top v1] wedge laptop with RPi2 


&lt;pre&gt;
2008 Trustees collected for Foundation
2009 Pi Foundation charity status gained 
2010 
2011 First Raspberry prototypes 
2012 First boards go on sale at CPC and RS. The Model A and B 700 MHz Arm11 - February 29th BCM 2835
2012 First million sold - more than the 10,000 original planned and anticipated 
2013 First Alpha Experimental builds of AROS Native for the 32bit Pi 
2013 Pi Trading launched making grants available, providing in house educational resources and Pi Academy for teacher training 
2013 Over two million sold 
2014 Over three million sold 
2014 Pi 1 Model B+ introduced that moved composite video to audio jack and same half gig of memory 
2014 Pi Model A+ v1.1 no ethernet and 1 usb - a little smaller - 
2015 Over four million first gen pis sold  
2015 Pi Zero 1.2 BCM2835 first production revision released with no camera port 
2016 Pi0 1.3 released with camera csi connector 
2017 Pi Zero W v1.1 1GHz Pi0W, single-core 32bit CPU BCM2835 released with Cypress CYW43438 wireless 
2020 Raspberry Pi Pico SC0919 with RP2040 32-bit 2Core ARM Cortex-M0+ up to 133 MHz - 264KB of SRAM and 2MB of on-board QSPI Flash - 
2024 Raspberry Pi Pico 2 with RP2350 2Core 32bit Arm Cortex-M33 and 2core open-hardware [https://github.com/wren6991/hazard3 Hazard3 RISC-V] 

2015 Pi 2 Model B v1.1 BCM2836 900/600 MHz ARM Cortex-A7 Armv7 quad 32bit, 32bit VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb RAM - 5V 2A micro usb - SMSC LAN9514 chip - 
2015 Over a million pi2s sold 


2015 Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.2 Pi2bv1.2, aka Pi2B2 has armv8 BCM2837 underclocked to 900Mhz without wifi/bluetooth module 
2016 Pi 3 Model B - Broadcom BCM2837 SOC four 64bit ARMv8 Cortex-A53 1.2GHz 32bit 1080p VideoCore IV GPU - 1Gb DDR2 - bluetooth 4.1, Cypress CYW43438 wireless 802.11n - 4 x USB2.0 ports - 5.1V 2.5A - SMSC LAN9514 chip 
2016 PIs total over 10 million worldwide 
2017 Compute Module 3 CM3 with BCM2837B0 armv8 Quad 64-bit - small 67.6mm x 31mm board which fits DDR2 SODIMM connector but not electrically compatible which plugs into needed IO board - beware of the I2C protocol issue 
     1Gb LPDDR2 RAM - Lite or 4Gb Emmc storage 
2017 12 million pis sold in total 
2018 Pi 3 Model B+ - 4c A53 BCM2837B0 1.4Ghz - 1Gb, wireless 802.11ac, gigabit ethernet (300Mbit/s) and bluetooth 4.2 - power over ethernet - 4 x USB2.0 ports - Microchip LAN7515 chip 
2019 Over 15 million sold 
2019 Pi 3 Model A+ with BCM2837b0 Cortex-A53 64-bit SoC @ 1.4 GHz with 512Mb LPDDR2, 1 usb2, 1 hdmi, 1 micro usb 5V 2A - no ethernet - 
2019 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3+ CM3+ - Broadcom BCM2837B0 1.2Ghz, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC on DDR2 SODIMM mechanically compatible only factor - IO board required 
     1Gb DDR2 and 8GB, 16GB, 32GB or a Lite variant without eMMC 
2021 Pi zero 2 (w or no W) RP3A0 quad 1GHz Cortex-A53 64bit BCM2710A1 512mB SDRam 
2025 edaTEC CM0 ED-CM0NANA with additional dev board with quad 1Ghz A53 with 512Mb Raysan RAM, 2 USB2 and 10/100 ethernet - pico castellated edge
 

2019 Pi 4 Model B RPI4B - BCM2711B0T quad 64bit A72 1.5GHz, 4K VideoCore VI, AC wifi, Bluetooth 5.0, GbE Broadcom BCM54213PE (PHY ID 0x600d84a2), 2 micro hdmi decode up to 4K, USB-C 5.1V 3A power, 2xVLI VL805 USB 3, 2xUSB 2.0, 2GB 9LDWW D9WHZ or 4GB 9FDWW D9WHV, 8GB 0AA47 D9ZCL ddr4 ram 
2020 Silent Pi 4 v1.2 upgrade with more USB-c psu support 
2020 PI400 BCM2711C0T 1.8GHz 4Gb DDR4 inside keyboard, 5.1V 5A 27W usb-c psu, 2 micro hdmi, external ide style 40pin gpio, no audio port - 
2020 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 BCM2711B0T on new 55mm x 40mm 2x100 pin form factor with extra breakout IO board 
     CM4101000 1Gb RAM Lite SOM 
     CM4102000 2GB RAM Lite 
     CM4104000 4GB RAM Lite 
     CM4004008-4GB-RAM 8GB-EMMC SOM System on Modules 
     CM4104032 4GB RAM 32GB emmc 
     CM4108000 8GB RAM Lite 
     CM4008016 8GB RAM 16Gb eMMc
2021 Raspberry Pi SC0763 Compute Module 4S CM4S with ddr2 sodimm pinouts but not electrically the same with suitable IO board extra cost - 
     CM4S01000 1GB RAM Lite
     CM4S01008 1GB RAM 8GB eMMC Flash
     CM4S02000 2GB RAM Lite
     CM4S04000 4GB RAM Lite
     CM4S08000 8GB RAM Lite 
2021 Pi 4 v1.4 BCM2711B1 upgraded power regulator, to deal with 8gig of ram being more power hungry - 


2023 Pi 5 v1.0 BCM2712 Quad A76 @2.4Ghz - VideoCore VII - no audio socket - dual 4k from mini hdmi - fan connector - 5.1V 5A psu 
2024 Pi 5 2GB DDR4 version uses BCM2712D0 
2024 Pi-500 with 8Gb LPDDR5 and membrane keyboard 
2024 Pi 5 v1.1 
2024 Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 CM5 BCM2712 55mm x 40mm form factor with additional IO board 
     CM5004000 04GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5008000 08GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
     CM5016000 16GB RAM 0GB eMMC Lite
2025 Pi-500+ with 256GB NVMe storage, 16GB LPDDR4 RAM, and Gateron KS-33 Low Profile Blue mechanical keyboard switches 
2025 Pi5 1GB DDR4 announced 


2022 PiOS linux goes 64bit 
2024 Pi Trading IPO stockmarket stock exchange listing 


2026 April and May Aros 64bit fixed, added AHI audio, VC4 gfx started, usb functions added to rom  
2026 June and July Aros 64bit usb2otg started, dma.resource, sdio.resource, bwfm.device wifi added 
2026 Late July daily 64bit Pi3 LE little endian builds start 
2026 August Pi 4, 400, 5 and 500 DTBs added, expanding existing support and wifi for Pi4 and Pi5 
2026 August Pi5 HAT+ nvme and HDMI, AHI RPiI2S added, Pi4 HVS5 video scaler started, 
2026 
2027 


2028 Pi 6 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="209557" sha1="6962xcdyxu2v6d9gr0gjkqga4j7ism4" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#d0f0f0;line-height:2.5em;font-family:'Georgia', serif&quot;;&quot;&gt;Building Better Worlds in the 21st Century&lt;/span&gt;}}


&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:125%;font-family:'Georgia', serif;&quot;&gt;

:'''Dani Eder,'''

:''The Seed Factory Project,''

:''6485 Rivertown Rd, Fairburn, GA, 30213''

:''email: danielravennest@gmail.com''


:'''Aug 2026'''


'''Note:''' This report is an introduction to the ideas and work of the Seed Factory Project to date, which are covered in more  detail in the two volume '''[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Seed_Factories Better Worlds]''' set.


&lt;div class=&quot;nonumtoc&quot;&gt;{{TOCright}}&lt;/div&gt;


=='''0.0 - Summary'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp; National space programs to date have been based on the idea of going to one place at a time, like the Moon and Mars, for reasons like science and national prestige.  Missions have finite goals and end when they are reached, so they don't include full development of the destinations.  Instead, equipment and supplies have come from Earth, which kept costs high.  Limited goals and high cost resulted in poor return on effort.

&amp;emsp;Our project proposes a broader approach of upgrading and extending civilization on Earth first, then full development of the entire Solar System, and eventually beyond it.  It is based on the idea self-improving production systems that grow from a starter set of core equipment called a '''[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Seed_Factories Seed Factory]'''.  Seed factories make more equipment for themselves mostly using local energy and raw materials.  This is in addition to making finished products like any other factory.

&amp;emsp;Each location follows a growth cycle of self-improvement, making products for local use, trade with the rest of society, and becoming economically self-supporting.  Once matured, a location sends elements of new starter sets to new locations.  Locations are developed in logical progression from easier to harder and more distant.  With proper planning locations can be sustainable, and even reduce unwanted side effects on the environment.

&amp;emsp;The very large physical space, materials, and energy resources beyond Earth enable large total returns.  Since locations grow to support themselves, the net cost of such a program is only the initial start-up, so the return on effort is high.

&amp;emsp;It isn't in the scope of this report to provide detailed plans and hardware designs.  What we describe is a possible path that leverages self-improving production methods.  This is a step towards solving existing problems and building a better future, but much more work is needed for this idea.

=='''1.0 - Problems of Past Space Programs'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Governments have pursued space projects and programs, individually or in groups, for purposes like research, exploration, advancing technology, and prestige.  While the results can be large, these efforts often suffer from outdated assumptions, high absolute costs, low relative return on effort, and a focus on single destinations.  They have also often not leveraged new knowledge and technology.


:'''Outdated Assumptions'''


&amp;emsp;Sending people to the Moon and Mars are stated goals of '''[https://www.space.commerce.gov/policy/national-space-policy/ US National Space Policy]'''.  Significant annual budgets are being spent towards these goals, primarily on the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Launch_System Space Launch System]''' and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft) Orion Spacecraft]'''.  The program concept to reach these goals is directly descended from plans first made in the mid-20th Century, such as '''[http://launiusr.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/mars_high.jpg Von Braun, 1954]'''.  In the decades since, the technologies to be used have advanced, but the overall concept has not.  In NASA's '''[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/journey-to-mars-next-steps-20151008_508.pdf Journey to Mars]''' (pdf file Oct 2015), the &quot;mission&quot; approach includes a number of assumptions:


* It is a round trip for the crew, from Earth to Mars and back, with limited duration on the Martian surface. 
* Because the number of missions is small and they are short, it is not economic to develop many local resources.
* Most or all equipment and supplies are launched from Earth.
* High cost limits mission mass.  So crews have to accept risks from radiation exposure, equipment failure, and lack of fallback positions.


&amp;emsp;Other goals like the Moon and orbiting stations have similar limiting assumptions, and are considered separately from each other.


:'''High Cost'''


&amp;emsp;Government-funded and contractor-built space programs have little incentive on either side to finish promptly or keep costs under control.  Project-oriented agencies want to continue their existence, but getting approval for new projects is hard.  Contractors want to earn as much as possible, but winning new contracts by competitive bidding is uncertain.  Politicians who decide on budgets want to preserve jobs in current locations, which works against cost savings.  

&amp;emsp;The incentives on all sides have led to low cost estimates to get project approval.  The tacit understanding is real costs will gradually be revealed as the work progresses.  Spent funds deter cancellation as the full costs are revealed, because the funds would then have been wasted on an unfinished project.  This pattern avoids frequent approval for a new project or competing for new work.  The project schedules are instead stretched to fit real cost to available annual budgets.  The result is a few big &quot;can't fail&quot; projects.  Public failures risk losing funding or even an agencies' existence.  So projects must be conservative, slowing progress.


:'''Low Returns'''


&amp;emsp;In terms of exploration and science, a trip going to one place like Mars, and bringing back perhaps a few hundred kg of samples, is not much return for the effort expended.  Relatively short round trips do not allow for full exploration of a landing site, much less a planet with the land area of Earth.  Lack of refueling stations and reusable vehicles limits sample mass that can be returned to Earth, where researchers and laboratories can fully analyze them.

&amp;emsp;If most items have to be launched from the deep gravity well of Earth, then delivery costs will be high, and increase linearly with the number of missions.  High transport cost limits weight, and in turn safety features like adequate radiation shielding, backup vehicles, and spare parts and supplies.  To minimize risk, what is built must be both lightweight and near-perfect, which is also expensive.  Despite that, crew risk is still high in absolute terms.  The combination of low return and high cost have delayed going to the the Moon and Mars for decades.  Such a program is now moving forward, but very slowly.  


:'''Focus on the Moon and Mars'''


&amp;emsp;The Moon is nearby, big, and obvious to everyone on Earth.  So it was a natural first destination for human exploration.  Venus and Mars are the closest major planets.  Venus was originally thought a suitable destination because of similarity of orbit, mass, and gravity.  However it turned out to be very hot from a thick CO2 atmosphere.  Mars then became the next focus of human exploration by being the most Earth-like and nearby destination.

&amp;emsp;The focus on Earth-like conditions ignores that on Earth, even the best places require some technology to survive, and more of it to be comfortable and flourish.  At a minimum clothing, shelter, and agriculture, are needed, with their underlying technologies.  For most of the Earth technology like ships, planes, and snow crawlers are needed to reach places, and more technology if you intend to stay.

&amp;emsp;Mars, or anywhere else in space, also require technology to survive and flourish.  But Mars does not require dramatically more than harsh places on Earth.  For example the temperatures on Mars overlap those of cold places on Earth, such as Siberia and Antarctica.  At the same time, the surface of Mars is harder to reach than other regions in space.  Getting there needs more work than high orbits near Earth.  The colder surface temperatures and 80% lower solar flux require more equipment than near Earth.  A primary focus on the Moon and Mars over everywhere else is a mistake.  They are large, interesting, and can be useful.  So they should be part of future programs, but not to the exclusion of other places.

&amp;emsp;A new approach is needed that remedies the problems noted above.  It should be based on up-to-date knowledge of the Solar System and new technologies developed since the mid-20th century.  It should explore and use all of the many places in the Solar System.  That includes the orbital and interplanetary spaces around and between natural objects.  Finally, it should have high science and economic returns for the effort expended, including direct returns to people on Earth.

=='''2.0 - New Knowledge and Technologies'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Our new approach starts with a modern overview of the Solar System and its resources.  We then introduce technologies to access and use those resources.  Self-improving production systems that become highly efficient with &quot;Smart Tools&quot; is key among these.  Our intent is to use these to benefit civilization and the Earth's environment.  
 

==='''2.1 - The Modern Solar System'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The Solar System as of 1950 included 9 planets and their moons, plus about 2,000 asteroids in the belt between Mars and Jupiter.  Materials would be available on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars, but required significant fuel to take elsewhere.  So they would only be used locally.  Energy would come from solar-powered steam turbines, or a little later from fuel cells.  These ideas are quite outdated and becoming more so each year.

&amp;emsp;Today we can inventory the known Solar System in terms of its material and energy resources.  Such '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource Natural Resources]''' on Earth are well-studied and understood.  Most people today know about the Moon, the other major planets, and that some of them also have moons.  So here we will mainly review the more recently found and less familiar parts Solar System.

&amp;emsp;In terms of resource access, the smaller members of the Solar System all take less energy to land on and remove materials from than Earth.  They also have greater surface area relative to mass and lower gravity, making extraction easier.


:'''Material Resources'''
  

&amp;emsp;'''[[w:Near-Earth_object|Near Earth Objects (NEOs)]]''' are those which come closer than 1.3 AU to the Sun, where 1 AU is the Earth's average solar distance.  Mars' orbit ranges from 1.38-1.67 AU, so NEO's are &quot;on the way there&quot; in terms of solar distance.  In 1950 time there were 55 such objects known, of which only 13 were asteroids.  The rest were comets, which are easier to find when they have large tails.  The asteroids were ignored because their orbits were not ideal, and mining them was still a subject for science fiction.

&amp;emsp;This has changed dramatically.  As of August 2026 there are over '''[https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/totals.html 42,000 known NEOs]'''.  The number has increased exponentially since about 1980 as better telescopes have been used to find them.  These searches are partly driven by the impact risk such objects pose to Earth.  Of those found so far, 875 are asteroids 1 km or larger in size, a nearly full count.  11,700 are larger than 140 meters out of an estimated 27,000 total.  The rest are smaller, with perhaps 4 million to be found larger than 10 meters ([https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aa8036 '''Trilling, 2017''']).  124 of them are comets, which lose material when close to the Sun.  Just the largest handful of NEOs have a combined mass of 50 trillion tons, which is roughly a thousand years of mining activity on Earth.  

&amp;emsp;The much larger numbers known today means more of them are in orbits easy to reach from Earth or on the way to Mars.  Very efficient '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_electric_propulsion Electric Propulsion]''' and other technologies unknown in 1950 time now exist.  They make it possible to reach NEOs and work with them remotely from Earth, as recent asteroid and comet probes have done.  Early research has been done on '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_mining Asteroid Mining]''' and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_manufacturing Space Manufacturing]''' to make use of their materials.  Using NEOs as sources of propellants, supplies, and other products would greatly reduce what you need to bring from Earth for space projects.

&amp;emsp;Beyond those that come close to Earth, the '''[https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpc/summary Total Number]''' of known objects in the Solar System, as of August 2026, is 1.56 million.  This is about 780 times what was known in 1950.  The list of such '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planets Minor Planets]''' has grown rapidly as new dedicated telescopes and search techniques were applied, and is expected to increase by another factor of 10 now that the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_C._Rubin_Observatory Rubin Observatory]''' has begun operating.

[[File:Inner_solar_system_objects_top_view_for_wiki.png|thumb|right|600x600px|Figure 2.1-1 - Inner Solar System objects.]]  

&amp;emsp;91.7% of known objects are in the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_belt Main Asteroid Belt]''' between Mars and Jupiter (Figure 2.1-1), but many thousands of others are in orbits throughout the Solar System.  The '''[https://minorplanetcenter.net//iau/lists/MPLists.html Minor Planet Center]''' maintains information about all of them.  The high proportion in the Asteroid Belt is a function of distance, not absolute numbers.  Brightness decreases as square of both distance from the Sun and the telescope.  So discoveries are strongly biased to nearby objects, and to only finding the largest ones at greater distances.  But total number of objects goes up about 3,500 times when the size goes down by 100 times.  So there are many more smaller objects still to be found.

&amp;emsp;Many of the objects discovered beyond Neptune, at 30-80 AU, have '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity Eccentric Orbits]'''.  These objects tend to be found at the close end of their orbits, when they are bright enough to see.  This additional discovery bias means there are many more like them waiting to be found, but are currently in more distant parts of their orbits, or never come close enough to find with current telescopes.  The August 2026 count of about 8300 such distant objects is limited to those larger than 100 km for the farthest ones.  As search methods improve, many more such objects will be found at all distances and more of the smaller ones.   

&amp;emsp;'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets Near-Parabolic Comets]''' can reach distances measured in light-years, or even escape the Solar System entirely.  Aside from them, the known size of the Solar System has increased 168 times since 1995, from 49.3 AU for Pluto to 8285 AU for the maximum distance of Centaur object '''[https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2015%20FW539&amp;commit=Show 2015 FW539]'''.  Some of these objects are quite large (Figure 2.1-2), and there is even a suspected major planet still to be found.  Although the absolute distance of these objects is very large, the energy to reach them has a finite limit. The five planetary probes '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_leaving_the_Solar_System Leaving the Solar System]''' already have more energy than needed to reach anything in the Solar System.  The practical limit is set by how long it takes to reach and use them.

[[File:Trans-Neptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg|thumb|right|512x249px|Figure 2.1-2 - Large Trans-Neptune Objects.]] 

&amp;emsp;The inventory of Solar System objects is now known to be incomplete, especially for small and distant ones.  Despite this, there is detailed knowledge of the history, composition, and geology of some of its members, and this is constantly improving.  We expect this to continue, especially from future mass-produced probes with efficient propulsion and refueling capability.  Many more objects can then be visited than the current handful per decade.  As more is learned about these objects, better plans on how to use them can be made.  But even with current knowledge, a start on such plans is possible.    


:'''Energy Resources'''


&amp;emsp;The Sun is an immense energy source, producing 20 trillion times what human civilization uses today.  That energy streams in all directions, not just at the objects which orbit it.  Mining and building on the surface of Solar System bodies is convenient, but they typically gather half or less of the available solar energy.  This is because of day-night cycles, geography, and in some cases atmospheres and eclipses from other bodies.

&amp;emsp;It takes significant energy to move materials from the larger bodies to open space, but once there, solar energy is available up to 100% of the time.  For example, with current rockets it takes about 480 MJ (134 kWh) to raise 1 kg from Earth to an orbit in full sunlight.  Once there, 1 kg of modern space solar panel can extract that much energy in 56 days, but lasts about 100 times longer.  Most solar system bodies are smaller than Earth, and there are more efficient ways to lift materials than today's rockets.  So from a net energy standpoint it often makes sense to work in open space. 

&amp;emsp;Solar cells were only 6% efficient in the mid-20th century, so solar-driven steam turbines were part of the original Mars mission concepts.  Solar cells are now 47.6% efficient in the laboratory and 31% for space power applications, and continue to '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency Improve]'''.  Using lightweight concentrating reflectors, they can be useful even in the outer Solar System.  Where heat, rather than electricity, is needed, direct solar exposure or using mirrors can can reach 80% collection efficiency or higher.

&amp;emsp;In addition to solar, there are various energy sources that are more limited in scale and availability.  These include nuclear fission and potentially fusion, geothermal, and wind.  On Earth we use hydroelectric and chemical combustion, but those are not generally available elsewhere.  The orbital motion and gravity fields of bodies are not energy sources, but their potential and kinetic energy can be used in various ways.  The Sun's output alone, which will last for billions of years, plus raw materials found all over the Solar System, are enough to sustain civilization and the Earth's environment.


:'''The Illusion of Scarcity'''


&amp;emsp;Current civilization is actually quite limited, even on Earth.  The urban, forest, and farm land used in any significant way amounts to only 13.5% of the planet's surface.  The remainder are oceans, deserts, and ice caps that are only traveled through or barely used.  Of the part that is used, the average depth is equivalent to a thin surface layer.

&amp;emsp;The world's biosphere (about 2000 Gigtons) plus the human built environment (about 1100 Gigatons) averages about 6 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, while the Earth's total mass to area is 11.71 billion kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, or a ratio of one part in 2 billion.  At the density of water, the biosphere plus civilization amounts to a 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick layer across the planet's surface.  If we only consider the fraction of the planet used, the equivalent thickness is 7.4 times higher, or 4.4 cm (1.75 inches).  If this number seems small, it is because most of us live in places that are built up.  Life and civilization are very unevenly distributed.  Cities and river dams, for example, have much higher built mass per area, while tropical forests can reach 25 times the average biosphere density per area.

&amp;emsp;The perceived scarcity of resources is thus an illusion, because we as observers live in the more built up places. Current civilization actually uses only 2 billionths of the planet's mass and one ten-thousandth of the available energy flow.  Photosynthesis uses about 13 times more of the available energy, but still only about 1/8% of it.  In a literal sense we are only scratching the surface of our own planet.  When we consider the whole Solar System, the available resources increase by hundreds of times in mass, and two billion times the energy that reaches Earth.

&amp;emsp;A larger fraction of smaller bodies is accessible.  On Earth pressure and temperature limits going too deep.  Bodies with lower gravity and less hot interiors can be accessed more deeply or all the way through.  The much higher total energy across the Solar System would also allow reprocessing and reusing what we consider waste products today.  Scarcity would not be a problem if these vast untapped resources could be used.

==='''2.2 - New Technologies'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;For our approach we want to use the best available production and space technologies, plus some new ones that can be developed in the near future.  These include seed factories, production networks, space technologies that are already in use but not yet in government plans, and new ones for space not yet fully developed.  This is in addition to more standard existing technology.
  

:'''Seed Factories'''

 
&amp;emsp;Production systems which use part of their output for self-improvement can grow exponentially.  Production can start with simpler tools, but modern technology like computers, communications, automation, robotics, software, and artificial intelligence lets them become more efficient.

&amp;emsp;We call a starter set of tools and machines capable of self-improvement using human labor and other energy inputs a '''[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Seed_Factories Seed Factory]'''.  They grow to become mature factories by analogy to plant seeds, which grow into mature plants that can produce more seeds.  Seed factories can improve in several ways:
 

* Making parts for additional copies of current equipment.
* Making new types of items not in the starter set, and 
* Making different versions of existing equipment (larger, more accurate, etc.).
  

&amp;emsp;While modern technology can reduce the labor needed, some people are still needed today to operate the factory.  Like any other factory, some part of its output is for sale or trade. This helps cover the initial cost and paying for items it can't make internally.

&amp;emsp;The improvements increase production capacity and the range of products that can be made.  Since the capacity to grow increases with the size of the factory, the growth is exponential.  The starter or added equipment can include power generation, mining, and materials processing, so the factory can eventually self-supply and self-power from local resources.  A seed factory may not use any local sources to start with, but can approach 100% as it matures.  Some parts and materials would likely be too hard to make, or too rare locally. So even for a mature factory those would still come from elsewhere.

&amp;emsp;When production at a given location is mature enough, it can start supplying parts for, or complete new starter sets.  These can be set up in the same area, or sent to new locations, repeating the growth process.  Internal growth and making new starter sets highly leverages the initial cost.  It fundamentally changes the return/cost ratio of projects for the better.


:'''Locations and MakerNets'''


&amp;emsp;When we refer to &quot;locations&quot; we mean a single environment type, with equipment and people that are close enough that they can work together and trade physical items easily.  On Earth that might be a single metropolitan area.  In less developed places it might be smaller in size from lack of easy local transport.  Equipment in a given location may have different owners or control systems, but can still coordinate their work and cooperate on larger projects.

&amp;emsp;The collection of coordinating operations forms a network, which we call a '''MakerNet''', after the modern '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maker_culture Maker Subculture]''', who make things.  The network has multiple communicating nodes, each of which includes a set of equipment and people who can do tasks.  A MakerNet can extend over multiple locations, since data transfer and remote control can operate over long distances at low cost.

&amp;emsp;Physical transportation of people and supplies is not as easy, so we distinguish separate locations within a larger network.  To the extent local sources can be used, it would lower transport costs.  So there is an incentive to ship lightweight items like information over bulk materials.


:'''Space Technologies'''


&amp;emsp;New or improved space technologies have been developed since the mid-20th century, but not fully included in existing program plans.  These include:


* '''Electric propulsion''' - which uses many times less propellant than chemical rockets.  Using large tanks of propellant to deliver relatively small payloads has strongly limited space projects in the past. 
* '''Better Materials''' - There are new and significantly improved engineering materials, including high strength fibers, and composite materials that use them.  Production methods for them have also improved.
* '''Closed Loop Life Support''' - has been developed which recycles supplies using mechanical equipment or biology.


&amp;emsp;Additional technologies that were not specifically developed for space, but can be used for it, include small and powerful computers, their software, other kinds of electronics, robotics, automation, high speed communications, and most recently artificial intelligence (AI) applications.

&amp;emsp;Many other space technologies have been proposed, but not yet fully developed.  This is either from lack of money and resources, or not enough scale yet to justify them.  MakerNets and seed factories can potentially overcome these limitations.  Our second volume on '''[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Space_Transport_and_Engineering_Methods Space Systems Engineering]''' collects current and future space technologies that we know of, so they can be considered for future planning and projects.  Some new transport examples are ground-based accelerators and air-breathing engines for reaching orbit, and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhook_(structure) Rotating Skyhooks]''' for artificial gravity and orbit transfer.

&amp;emsp;
=='''3.0 - New Program Concept'''==
&amp;emsp;


&amp;emsp;For discussion purposes we refer to this as a program, with component phases and projects.  But we do not expect it to be under centralized government direction.  Instead it would include independent businesses operated for profit, public/private partnerships, incentive prizes, some government effort, and other project methods.

&amp;emsp;This section summarizes our goals and approach.  The rest of this report, and our other documents, provide more details.  This is a work in progress.  It is by no means a finished proposal or a final design.  It likely never will be, as the future brings new discoveries and technologies.  We have identified new goals and methods, and made a start at the details, but much more work is needed.  Our work is open-source, so feel free to build on it, provide feedback, and contribute your own ideas.


:&lt;u&gt;'''Goal 1 - Benefits on Earth'''&lt;/u&gt;


&amp;emsp;Existing government space program goals are mainly for defense, science, exploration, and national prestige.  They have limited budgets because they compete with other government priorities.  Our approach is to go beyond these limits, to include the full range of civilized activities, both on Earth and in space.  About billion times more people live on Earth right now than in space, and their needs are much larger and more immediate.  So our first goal is to address problems on Earth, starting with easier ones, then moving towards the more difficult.

&amp;emsp;Competition and the profit motive have often demonstrated faster and cheaper results, so we want to take advantage of them.  If there is money to be made, there is a vast pool of capital available beyond government budgets.  The $429 billion '''[https://sia.org/news-resources/state-of-the-satellite-industry-report/ Global Space Economy]''' in 2025 was already mostly commercial activity, and 17.6 times NASA's budget.

&amp;emsp;The original '''[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830007077 1982 Version]''' of the seed factory idea was intended to enable large space projects by production in space.  But the laws of nature and how technologies work are the same everywhere.  If networks of exponentially improving and multiplying systems can work in space, they will work on Earth too.  The operating environments, local raw materials, and energy sources may differ by location, but the underlying principles are the same.  

&amp;emsp;The early versions of seed factories would most likely be built in higher income areas.  These are the easiest places to start because equipment, materials, and energy sources are readily available, as are people who know how to work with them.  Conventional jobs have always been at risk from economic and business changes.  In the future they may be permanently replaced by the same kinds of advanced technologies seed factories can use.  Self-built and self-owned production can supplement or replace conventional work for hire.  

&amp;emsp;As the owners of production capacity, people can more securely meet their basic needs.  They get the benefit of the output regardless of how much labor is replaced by technology.  Self-improving systems can grow to mostly copy themselves, so they would become low cost to build.  They can also become highly automated and use renewable energy, making them low cost to operate.  

&amp;emsp;A growing network of productive systems can then be extended to lower income areas on Earth.  This allows bypassing fossil fuel development and the problems it creates, while gaining the comforts, health, and safety found in higher income areas.  The systems can be further extended to difficult and extreme locations on Earth that are currently unused or barely used.  This would lessen scarcity of raw materials, further lowering cost of operation.  These expansions and upgrades should be done with planning and care to prevent new environmental side-effects. 

&amp;emsp;Although we describe a progression from easier to harder locations, a given type of location does not have to be completely developed before starting the next category.  Rather, their starting points are staggered in order of difficulty, and their development then continues in parallel.  


:&lt;u&gt;'''Goal 2 - Benefits from Space'''&lt;/u&gt;


&amp;emsp;Economic and environmental reasons are enough for building self-improving systems on Earth.  Once experience with them is built up, such systems can then be used in a series of locations in space.  There are several reasons for this: 
 

* Access to materials on Earth is limited vertically because temperatures and pressure increase with depth.

* Solar energy in nearby space outside the Earth's shadow averages 7 times more than the Earth's surface because there is no night, weather, or atmospheric absorption.  Close orbits range from 0 to 40% shade, so still have at least 4.2 times the available energy  

* Different and much larger amounts of materials are accessible, which can be used without affecting the Earth's environment.  

* There are a variety of risks to civilization on Earth, both natural and self-created.  Some of them can be reduced by projects in and expansion into space.


&amp;emsp;So our second goal is to make use of space to bring benefits to Earth, and later extend civilization and the biosphere into the space environment.

&amp;emsp;Space projects would logically start with easier and nearby locations, then move to farther and more difficult ones in sequence.  Developing a new location begins with imports of equipment and starter materials from Earth or previous locations.  Core production and resource extraction is built up, then expands to other kinds of industry.  Later deliveries of materials, products, and services helps expand operations.

&amp;emsp;Remote control is feasible when distances are short, otherwise command-response times can be long.  So some people may be needed on-location to set up and maintain equipment.  Suitable locations can build up habitats beyond this for other reasons.  Once built up enough, an existing location, along with previous ones, can serve as staging points for the next ones, supplying transportation, starter sets, and other items as needed.

&amp;emsp;Space locations vary in environment, raw materials, and energy resources.  So a trade network among them and the rest of civilization makes sense, just like it does on Earth.  Each location takes advantage of local conditions to do what it can do best, and trade with others as needed.  Through trade, locations can become economically self-supporting and not a cost sink for society.


:&lt;u&gt;'''Program Advantages'''&lt;/u&gt;


&amp;emsp;Our new approach has a number of advantages:


* It addresses the frequent criticism of space programs that there are problems here on Earth that need solving.  So we place solving economic and environmental problems first, ahead of large space projects.

* Self-improving and highly automated production lowers the cost of rocket factories and launch sites on Earth.  It also lowers how much you need to launch by using local resources already in space.  The combined result is much cheaper space projects.  Activities that are currently uneconomic can become viable.

* In terms of science and exploration, access to the whole Solar System is better than just the Moon and Mars, as interesting as they may be.  Locations develop their local resources, so they can sustain long-term operations, rather than being limited to short term missions and single landing sites.

* A continuing development program much safer than isolated missions.  A network of many locations can keep backup supplies and equipment available, and they can be delivered more quickly.  Automated and remote controlled transports can deliver supplies and equipment before the first people arrive, and regularly afterwards, providing a buffer against problems.

* Lower production and transport costs means more robust designs can be used.  Current space systems minimize weight to save on launch from Earth.  Robust designs will have better safety margins, lowering crew risk.  Bulk mined materials, either in raw form or as end products, can provide radiation shielding during long missions.  Production capacity at the destination, such as the Martian surface, enables making spare parts and replacement supplies on the spot, bypassing long delivery times from Earth.


==='''3.1 - Program Sequence'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Our program concept is organized into a number of phases and smaller individual projects.  There are several reasons for this:


* The phases have different scales of operation, or use locations with different operating environments, raw materials, and energy resources.  They will need different designs suited to them.

* We intend each phase to economically justify itself, and provide revenue and benefits to support later ones.  It would take too much funding for such a large program otherwise.

* New technologies need more development before using them for seed factories, makernets, and various space projects.  This will not happen all at once.  Splitting up the research and development across phases and projects is more manageable.

* We can lay out a long term program now, but we don't know what new technologies will be invented in the future, or when.  Later phases can be identified for guidance and direction, but it makes sense to concentrate on the early ones for now.  Details of later phases can be left flexible until their time approaches.


[[File:Phase Starts vs Time.png|thumb|right|768x480px|Figure 3.1-1 - Program Phases vs Time.]]  

&amp;emsp;In general, phases don't end, but rather build on previous ones and operate in parallel once started (Figure 3.1-1).  For example, mature industrial factories will continue to operate once new locations are set up elsewhere.  The phases have a logical sequence, where later steps generally depend on earlier ones.  We have identified seven main ones numbered 0 to 6, shown in different colors, with a number of sub-phases indicated by an added letter (4A, 4B, 4C, ...).  

[[File:Program Phases.png|thumb|right|768x480px|Figure 3.1-2 - Logical sequence of program phases.]]  

&amp;emsp;Figure 3.1-2 diagrams the logical relationship of phases.  It does not show all their relationships, since that would make the diagram too complicated to read.  Their general order is from easier to harder, and from local to more distant.  Each phase typically involves multiple projects and locations.  For example Phase 5B - Mars Surface Locations, would eventually include many projects across the planet.  Most locations will evolve across time by expansion and upgrade.  The phases are summarized in the next two headings (3.2 and 3.3), and then in more detail in report sections 4 through 9 below.  
 

==='''3.2 - Phases 0 to 3: Earth Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Our program in the broadest sense changes the goals from specific destinations, like a mission to Mars, to improving and extending civilization and the biosphere throughout the Solar System and beyond.  We start with our own planet first, because there are large and immediate needs here.  So the first four phases apply to Earth.

&amp;emsp;Much of human civilization is unevenly developed and unsustainable, and the vast majority of people will live here for many decades.  Starting on Earth allows getting experience with technologies that will later be used in space.  It is easier and less expensive to apply them here first, and they can produce economic benefits to sustain themselves.

&amp;emsp;This program would widen participation from national space programs, to the much wider base of all of civilization.  Government space programs are only about 0.08% of gross world product, and only part of that is devoted to exploration and science beyond Earth.  Being more inclusive increases the available inputs for projects, and makes faster progress in the end.  The first four phases are:


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 0: Research and Development'''&lt;/u&gt; - The first major phase performs necessary research and development (R&amp;D) for production technologies to be used on Earth, later adaptions to space, and ones used only in space.  It also develops transport, habitation, and service technologies as needed for the particular conditions of different locations.  The R&amp;D work is spread out in time according to which phases, locations, and projects particular designs are needed for.  Some later R&amp;D, such as testing hardware in the operating environment, would occur in space.  Since a lot of production technology already exists on Earth, the earliest R&amp;D will mainly be selection of what to use and in what order.  Modified and completely new tech will be worked on later as needed.


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 1: Starter Locations &amp; Network'''&lt;/u&gt; - This phase builds the first sets of seed factory equipment and begins the self-improvement process.  Phase 1 equipment can start small, such as home and hobby use, which makes it affordable.  Individual equipment items or small groups of them can be located at home or shared work spaces.  A network of people directly or electronically coordinate their work to make items for each other, build new network nodes, and start to accumulate larger shared items.  New locations may start with less than full starter sets, and build up to making internal improvements.  Phase 1 locations are typically in developed and populated areas with access to the materials, energy sources, and equipment needed.


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 2: Distributed and Industrial Locations'''&lt;/u&gt; - One of the ways a seed factory can grow is to use existing equipment to make parts for larger ones.  This leads from home and hobby size, to small business, commercial, and industrial scale equipment and locations.  At smaller scales it is reasonable to gather the full range of equipment and people in one place, and make a wide range of products.  At larger scales, the equipment and their operators tend to become more distributed and specialized, and serve larger markets.  But they can still coordinate on projects and products.


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 3: Difficult and Extreme Locations'''&lt;/u&gt; -  This phase begins extending life and civilization to the parts of the Earth where there is very little or none today.  They are unoccupied partly because the environment conditions are more difficult.  Self-improving production allows operating affordably in such places.  New systems would be set up and grow serially from moderate to difficult and more extreme environments.  Technologies like automation and remote control allows machines to operate where it is not feasible for people to stay.     

:&amp;emsp;A major direction for expansion is vertically, to access additional resources and physical space.  This goes beyond the fairly thin current layer of activity near the Earth's surface.  We can expand the total active area by 7.4 times, but height can be increased hundreds or thousands of meters both up and down.  This enables many times more usable volume and materials.


==='''3.3 - Phases 4-6: Space Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The later parts of our program involve developing and using space to benefit Earth.  It would be based on experience gained in the earlier phases with self-improving systems, which can make more such systems.  It is also based on the larger production capacity developed in Phases 2 and 3.  This capacity enables building transport systems like rocket factories and launch sites, and plus equipment and starter sets to be used at the new locations.  The experience in working in remote and hostile environments in Phase 3 can also be applied to the remote and hostile environments of space.

&amp;emsp;At a civilization level this accesses the much larger physical volume, energy, and material resources beyond Earth.  Some heavy industry can eventually be moved to space locations, protecting the Earth's environment.  It can also decrease societal risks by, for example, diverting hazardous asteroids, or filter parts of the solar spectrum to reduce overheating the planet.

&amp;emsp;As in the earlier phases, we propose a step-by-step approach: extracting local resources, building up core production, diversifying industries, then sending starter sets to the next locations.  Locations become physically and economically self-supporting, allowing moving forward to new ones.  The three later main phases are:


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 4: Orbital Locations'''&lt;/u&gt; - Locations in this phase share being in orbit around Earth, or in open space between large bodies.  This is in contrast to the the surface or closely bound bound orbits around those bodies.  The sub-phases progress from lower to higher Earth orbits, then in distance from the Sun from closer to more distant.

:&amp;emsp;The main local raw materials are from asteroids and other small bodies, but we can import additional material from Earth, the Moon, and other places.  We can also mine a limited amount of the Earth's upper atmosphere and the &quot;debris belt&quot; of discarded space hardware.  Solar energy is abundantly available in the open spaces near the Sun, but other solutions become more important in the farther areas.  The limit to this phase is the farthest orbits bound to the Sun.


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 5: Planetary System Locations'''&lt;/u&gt; - These locations are orbits tied by gravity to the Moon, major planets, and their larger moons, or on their respective surfaces.  The sub-phases are by distance starting with the Moon, then to the inner and outer planets.  Although orbital and planetary locations share features like vacuum or atmospheres we can't breath, they differ in having significant gravity wells or surface gravity, and in having night or time in shadow from the Sun.  These differences require different designs, so we place them in a separate phase.  Mars is part of this phase, but compared to current space programs it has long-term and larger scale exploration and development, rather than a few short missions to specific spots.


:&amp;emsp;&lt;u&gt;'''Phase 6: Interstellar Locations'''&lt;/u&gt; - The last major phase of extending life and civilization includes the space between stars and locations bound to other stars.  This is mostly speculative right now because it is far away in time.  A lot new technology will likely be needed, and what will already be developed by then is unknown.  But we see no reason to stop just because the edge of our Solar System is reached.  For now, technical feasibility limits how far projects can go.  But that may change in the future, so we include this final phase as a place-holder, and to provide a direction to plan for.

&amp;emsp;

=='''4.0 - Seed Factory Technology'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Our program leans heavily on the idea of &quot;seed factories&quot;, which are self-improving production systems which grow from starter sets.  We note some details in this section, but more on the subject can be found in '''[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Seed_Factories Volume I]''', and in information about '''[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:Danielravennest/SFP Our Project]''', which is attempting to develop the technology.


&amp;emsp;'''Tools and Growth''' - Our ancestors used tools to make more tools at least as far back as the Paleolithic, 2.6 million years ago, when '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerstone Hammerstones]''' were used to flake other stones to produce an assortment of tools.  Locally found objects like rocks and sticks were likely used even earlier, but left no identifiable evidence.  In modern times we use metal-cutting '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_tool Machine Tools]''' to make parts for more machine tools, plus all the other kinds of machines used to make other products.

&amp;emsp;Any collection of tools and machines can be used the conventional way to provide products and services to others.  The income can then be used to buy new equipment.  What is new about seed factories is using starter sets purposely designed to make parts for more tools and equipment to improve the set.  A starter set can produce its own energy and extract raw materials, or rely on outside supplies to operate.  Once set up, the starter set can improve itself internally in several ways:


* &lt;u&gt;Replication&lt;/u&gt; - making copies of existing parts and equipment,
* &lt;u&gt;Diversification&lt;/u&gt; - making parts for new equipment not in the current set,
* &lt;u&gt;Quality&lt;/u&gt; - making items stronger, more accurate, or from different materials, and
* &lt;u&gt;Scaling&lt;/u&gt; - making different size parts (usually larger) than the current ones.


&amp;emsp;A relatively small starter set can then grow to produce a wide range and large quantity of products.  This can optionally include parts for new starter sets.  A starter set may not be able to copy most of its original parts at first, because it lacks the right equipment.  But after following a planned series of upgrades it can gain the ability to reproduce all or most of the original set.  Biological plant seeds follow a similar growth cycle to make more seeds, which is why we call the starter sets &quot;seed factories&quot;.  Biological plants can even be part of a starter set, such as using trees to provide lumber and also grow more trees. 

&amp;emsp;The seed factory approach substitutes information, like plans and instructions, for some part of a mature and more capable factory.  On Earth this reduces the cost to get started.  For space projects it reduces the starting weight and size, making delivery to distant places easier.  With modern technology, the information can be stored and transmitted efficiently, and '''Smart Tools''' (software, robots, etc.) can do much of the work.  However, growing from a starter set will take more time than immediately building a finished factory.


:'''Self-Replication and Distributed Production'''


&amp;emsp;A seed factory is not the same as a '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_machine Self-Replicating Machine]'''.  First, a number of different materials and production processes are needed to make modern equipment.  These are best carried out by separate tools and machines designed for each task.  For large-scale production the set of equipment will be closer to commercial building size, and better described as a factory than a single machine.  

&amp;emsp;Second, a starter set can be much smaller and simpler than the mature factory.  We think of it as the seed from which a factory grows.  But a plant seed is not the same as the mature plant, so this is not direct replication in the sense of making an exact copy.  If a mature factory can produce new starter sets, it is indirect replication by a cycle of growth and then making copies.  This is more like plants and animals reproducing by way of smaller and simpler offspring.

&amp;emsp;Third, starter sets and the mature factories are not generally able to make everything they need by themselves.  At first they will lack all the right equipment.  Even when mature there will likely be items too hard to make, or the materials too rare locally.  Those need to be supplied from elsewhere.  Since they cannot do it all by themselves, they are not fully self-replicating.

&amp;emsp;Traditional factories and workshops had to bring the equipment and people to one place, because it was the only way to coordinate the work.  With modern computers, software, and communications this is no longer required.  Equipment in different places can work together, and people can operate them remotely.  So a modern view of factory capacity is the ability to make things on a regular basis.  The people and equipment may be in one place for efficiency, but they don't have to be - they can be partly or entirely distributed.  What's important is they can work together to make desired products.
 

:'''Operations and Functions'''

 
&amp;emsp;Production in general involves a number of processes, which turn can require multiple steps.  A seed factory may not be able to do all of them at the start, but they can be added in steps as it upgrades.  Process categories include:  


* &lt;u&gt;Control of operations&lt;/u&gt; - collecting data and sending instructions to the various people and equipment.
* &lt;u&gt;Supply power&lt;/u&gt; - this includes electricity, thermal heating, and other sources.
* &lt;u&gt;Extract materials&lt;/u&gt; - mining and harvesting raw materials.
* &lt;u&gt;Process materials&lt;/u&gt; - converting raw materials to usable inventory.
* &lt;u&gt;Fabricate parts&lt;/u&gt; - use inventory stock to produce finished parts.
* &lt;u&gt;Storage and protection&lt;/u&gt; - house inventory in various stages of production, plus protect equipment and inventory from local conditions when needed.
* &lt;u&gt;Assemble elements&lt;/u&gt; - combine finished parts and materials to produce completed products.
* &lt;u&gt;Grow organics&lt;/u&gt; - such as food and timber.  These can grow on their own given the right conditions, making it different from other kinds of production.


&amp;emsp;Most production flows need materials and energy to work with, in addition to tools and machines.  In developed areas these can come from outside sources.  In less- or undeveloped areas, this may be difficult.  Even in developed areas it may be more economic to self-supply.  Production systems can start with or build their own mining and processing equipment for materials.  They can also start with or build energy sources, such as wind turbines and solar farms.

&amp;emsp;Once operating, production generally uses up supplies like lubricants and drill bits, and needs replacements for parts that wear out.  These can either be part of the starter set inventory, or supplied from outside as needed.  Over time, a growing system can start to make these items for itself.  In order to keep growing and improving, a given system has to make or import items faster than old ones wear out.  It also needs enough outside supplies of energy, materials, parts, and other items that it can't make internally.

&amp;emsp;We don't expect mature factories to reach 100% self-sufficiency.  Some items will likely come from other places, in exchange for surplus products and services supplied to others.  We also don't expect fully automated production at current levels of industrial technology.  Some people will be needed to use the equipment and do tasks only people can do.  Those people can be physically present, or in some cases control operations remotely.
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;
=='''5.0 - Phase 0: Research and Development (R&amp;D)'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The rest of this report provides more detail on our program phases and sub-phases.  It does not provide complete plans and hardware designs both for length and because they haven't been defined yet.  We also can't claim this is the best possible program.  We present it as a ''&lt;u&gt;possible&lt;/u&gt;'' path that leverages self-improving production methods.  Much more work is needed on this idea, and we invite other people to help.  Where next steps have been identified, we note them below, in our two volumes on seed factories and space systems, and our other documents.

&amp;emsp;A vast amount of knowledge, technology, skills, and products already exist.  Where they do, we can simply select and use them.  When new arrangements of existing items, or modified or completely new items are needed, '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development Research and Development]''' (R&amp;D) is the technical method to create them.  It is a set of innovative activities undertaken by groups of individuals, corporations, industrialists, or governments. This program phase is numbered zero because it is preparation needed to make the later phases possible.  The R&amp;D sub-phases are numbered according to the later phases the work applies to.  So sub-phase 0.1 would be R&amp;D work that applies to Phase 1: Starter Locations.


:'''R&amp;D Goals'''


&amp;emsp;Our program needs research and development because we are attempting a new way to organize projects using starter sets and self-improvement.  This will likely need some new equipment and processes for particular environments, especially those in space.  So the goal of this phase is to supply ready-to-use technology and designs.  Since R&amp;D is the first program phase, it can't evolve from previous ones.  Instead it must start with existing items like buildings, tools, machines, design methods, and skills.

&amp;emsp;Developing new locations is not the main purpose of this phase, like it is for later ones.  Places like offices, industrial space, and test areas will be needed for the R&amp;D work, but can start with existing ones.  In later phases, testing for unique environments may be easier to do in those environments rather than building simulators.  So some later R&amp;D work may move to difficult locations on Earth, or to locations in space.


:'''Production by R&amp;D Phase'''


&amp;emsp;Some production will happen in the course of setting up R&amp;D locations, testing new equipment designs, and figuring out the best operating flows.  But that is not the main goal. Such outputs can be used later, but they are secondary to the main goal to provide usable designs and processes for later phases to use.

&amp;emsp;Some of the newly designed equipment that is built for testing may be kept and used internally afterwards. This would help expand and upgrade the R&amp;D locations themselves, and serve as a demonstration of the self-improvement process.  Other finished equipment, products, and services generated during R&amp;D can get sold or traded to fund further R&amp;D work.  Feedback from practical use of such items can help improve the designs. 

&amp;emsp;Final designs should have a long operating life if they are to be useful.  So early prototypes should aim for longer lives than the time needed to test them.  Prototypes with remaining useful lives can be delivered and used in other locations for later phases and projects.  Lastly, the R&amp;D phase may produce some final versions of starter set equipment.  These can be used directly in later phases.  


:'''Sharing Our Results'''


&amp;emsp;We want our work to have the most benefit for the most people.  So we plan to eventually open-source the designs, so that anyone can use and improve on them.  They may be temporarily kept private to help finance additional R&amp;D.  In general individual machines, factories, and the products they produce, would be separately owned, either privately or institutionally.

&amp;emsp;The R&amp;D Phase may develop new methods and technology to use for itself in the course of working towards later phase designs.  We would also make such new developments available for others to use.  An example is full resource accounting, a method to track all the inputs and outputs of a system the way financial accounting tracks money.  In order for projects to be functional and sustainable, they should account for everything, including scarce resources and all process wastes.  If possible these should be recyclable or usable elsewhere, but you can't do that if you don't identify and track them. 


:'''R&amp;D Tasks and Projects'''


&amp;emsp;The R&amp;D work is divided up according to the later phases and projects that need it.  Items used by  multiple phases are assigned to the first one they are needed for.  Later phases start at different times.  So the R&amp;D work for each one is started far enough ahead that it is ready when needed.

&amp;emsp;New designs and technology are likely needed even for the last phase.  So we expect R&amp;D work will continue for the whole life of our program.  In addition to internal R&amp;D work, we expect technology to make progress outside our program.  So part of the R&amp;D phase is staying current with outside developments, so that improved designs and methods can be developed within the program later.  New and expanded locations within a phase, and unique conditions found there, may require design updates, new hardware models, and customization.  Lastly, we expect feedback from using the items in later phases and suggestions for improvements.  All of these are reasons to continue the R&amp;D process.

&amp;emsp;The R&amp;D work is logically grouped into smaller projects according to the technologies being developed or type of end use.  So far we have started this Seed Factory Project to develop the basic ideas for self-improving systems, and started working on what will be needed for Phase 1 locations and networks.

&amp;emsp;Future R&amp;D project examples are ocean mining platforms or interplanetary tugs.  Such systems would be used in later phases, so we have not yet identified specific ones.  There is a lot of science and technology work happening elsewhere in civilization.  We do not expect to duplicate that work, but use their results where it makes sense, and contribute back our own results to the general fund of knowledge.

&amp;emsp;
=='''6.0 - Moderate Locations'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Once the R&amp;D phase starts providing plans, designs, and technology, the core self-improvement methods stay the same in all later phases.  But equipment sets must be adapted to local environments, material and energy resources, and available people and their skills.  Finished products and services also need to be adapted for local and export use.  So our program concept has multiple later phases to account for all these differences.

&amp;emsp;Phases 1 and 2 are for the easiest environment conditions, which we call &quot;Moderate&quot;.  This includes temperatures, water supply, and a number of others.  The ranges we consider moderate are listed in section 7.1 which covers conditions that are more difficult.  Moderate ones are the kinds of places where most people currently live.  Among them are locations with significant population and physical development, such as around cities.  These locations have enough people, supply sources, and transportation to get started.  So they are the easiest ones to build the first projects in.  The three phases/sub-phases for these areas are mainly distinguished by scale of operation.  They are phases 1:Starter, 2A: Distributed, and 2B: Industrial.


==='''6.1 - Phase 1: Starter Locations and Network'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''Goals'''


&amp;emsp;The main goals of this phase are (1) provide products and services at the personal and community level, (2) develop experience with starter sets and self-improvement, and (3) develop trade networks among people in local sites and different locations.  By site we mean an individual place like a home or commercial building, while a location is at the scale of a city or metropolitan area that travel and transport across is reasonably easy.  Network members can trade physical items, labor, information, and other items as needed.  They can also coordinate work on larger or more complicated projects, despite being in different places.

&amp;emsp;Networks would be used in all later phases.  This is because (1) locations vary in the material and energy sources available.  (2) Individuals and groups have variable skills and interests.  They also may not want to travel too far to work on projects.  (3) Physical space, utilities, safety, and local rules may limit the work done at a particular site.


:'''Starting Points'''
 

&amp;emsp;Projects in general need Tools, Resources, Energy, and Knowledge to complete.  We call this the &quot;TREK&quot; principle for short.  Early projects won't have the benefit of a lot of finished R&amp;D work.  To start with they can use already developed tools and machines, existing sources of materials and parts, available electric power and fuels, and the many books, online videos, and other information sources on how to do what is needed.

&amp;emsp;Early project examples are (1) setting up for a hobby that needs working space and equipment and (2) improvements to an existing home.  Such projects don't have to be completed all at once.  They can be started with minimal equipment for the first steps, and gradually add more items as skills accumulate.  Eventually an owner can start building custom items like a work table or storage for themselves.  If they can find other people interested in similar projects they can share knowledge, trade items, and help each other when extra people are needed.  Like other parts of our program, people's skills and the equipment they work with are not intended to reach a static end point, but to grow and develop over time.  So self-education, training, and practice are encouraged.

&amp;emsp;Equipment for this phase starts at the hobby and home use level, for personal and local community products and services.  Their duty cycle (percentage of time in operation) is less than full time, and the equipment is smaller and less expensive.  This puts the equipment in reach of ordinary people or small groups.  Groups of people can afford a number of these smaller items.  They can be housed in space they already have, or they can build or rent space without too much difficulty.  
  
&amp;emsp;Equipment may be distributed at people's homes, or grouped into clusters on one property, such as a '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hackerspace Community Workshop]''' or small scale production cooperative.  Individual sites may be limited in size and cost, but the network as a whole can grow and improve by adding more sites and upgrading existing ones.


:'''Later Improvements'''


&amp;emsp;Improvements can come from new R&amp;D work. personal experience, more copies of existing items, scaling to larger (and sometimes smaller) sizes, and purchases funded from sales.  As the network expands and upgrades itself, it can produce more items internally for further upgrades, and more products for network use or to sell.  Network production can be logically grouped into (1) tools and machines intended to make more tools and machines, (2) items intended for production but not for making more equipment, such as a sawmill or greenhouse, and (3) finished products to be used, traded, or sold, like furniture and food.

&amp;emsp;The R&amp;D phase would gradually develop plans, designs, and instructions for starter sets, upgrade paths, and custom equipment.  These would be shared as information, and can start to be provided as physical packaged sets.  Later projects can then start self-improving faster.  A trading network can grow as more sites in more locations are built.

&amp;emsp;Examples of future R&amp;D-developed equipment include a 1x2 meter bridge mill, with replaceable heads and bits so it can perform different tasks, and a 15 kW solar furnace with replaceable focus targets.  The furnace can directly heat items in a crucible, or generate steam for an electric generator.  Such starter set equipment is designed for flexibility, rather than maximum efficiency and speed.  That way a smaller starter set can be used for a variety of tasks at lower cost.  Later equipment, built with the help of the starter set, can be dedicated to single tasks with higher efficiency and performance.  Starter equipment may be supplied finished and ready to operate, as kits with some level of assembly and supplies needed, or purely as plans and instructions.

==='''6.2 - Phase 2A: Distributed Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''Goals'''


&amp;emsp;The goals of this phase are (1) increased scale of sites and locations, and (2) relief from job insecurity and displacement by automation.  


:'''Evolution'''


&amp;emsp;Phase 1 locations in general would accumulate skills and equipment.  Some sites within the location will move beyond hobby and home use, towards more regular small business and commercial activity.  This involves part or full time operation, and selling more products outside the self-improvement network.  The larger scale and more intense uses will need different equipment sets.

&amp;emsp;When running a business, speed and efficiency become more important, so equipment is chosen or built to do particular tasks well.  This results in a larger collection of more specialized equipment.  Skills and training also become more specialized and take longer to learn.  Particular sites will tend to do a few things well, and trade for other things they need.  A comprehensive large site (general purpose workshop or factory) that does many kinds of work is still possible in this phase, but less common.  So working sites will tend to be distributed in multiple places.

&amp;emsp;Business and commercial scale operation is not limited to production only, but can also serve the full range of habitation, transport, and service industries.  For example, a restaurant is a service business, but it needs a building, furniture, and kitchen equipment first.  So the logical progression is from core equipment to make more equipment, then finished products like building materials and furniture, and finally industries that don't produce items, but use them to operate.


:'''Ownership'''


&amp;emsp;In the current economic system, separation of ownership and labor results in the problem of job insecurity.  The owners of a for-profit business have the incentive to remove workers as soon as possible to save on labor costs.  The removal may be due to lower production and sales, or changes in business methods and technology that need less labor or different skills.  

&amp;emsp;When a person or group has built and expanded their own equipment and business, the owners and workers are the same people.  They don't have the same incentive to remove themselves.  To the extent they make items for their own use, production would remain constant.  If outside sales decrease, they own the equipment to build and start doing something else to make up the difference.  Automation is a threat to conventional jobs by needing less labor.  But owners who use the same automation for themselves are not threatened with unemployment.  Rather they just work less time or more efficiently.

&amp;emsp;By diversifying into different industries, self-owned production can integrate with the rest of civilization and be self-supporting.  New network members can become owners by first building or buying into a share of core production.  They can then use that production to make or trade for what's needed in other industries.  Alternately they can start out working for others in their chosen industry, and buy or trade for production shares.  Either way they have more security as owners.

==='''6.3 - Phase 2B: Industrial Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''Goals'''


&amp;emsp;The main goal of this phase is to reach the most efficient production levels by additional growth in scale and specialization.  Industrial locations are in the same kind of developed areas and moderate environments as Phase 2A Distributed Locations, so we group them together under Phase 2.  


:'''Growth and Specialization'''


&amp;emsp;Industrial sites can evolve from distributed small business or commercial sites by continuing self-improvement and growth.  They can also be built as new sites of the final size, where the equipment is supplied by other parts of the network.  In that case, supplying the larger equipment and space to house them will likely need outside capital, because individuals or a small group typically won't have enough funds.  Gradual evolution from a smaller size by self-production would not require as much, or any, outside funding.

&amp;emsp;Larger work spaces with larger input and output flows will tend to limit industrial locations to fewer products.  For example, if you are processing scrap metal on an industrial scale into new metal stock, it helps to be near a rail line to transport the scrap and the finished metal.  The more products, factory space, and specialized needs you have, the less likely you will find one big site that can satisfy all of them.

&amp;emsp;The larger production scale means more outside customers for the products, or larger scale customers.  The market area for a site will likely reach beyond a single location, to a region or even world-wide.  Since outputs are sold to a wide range of customers at greater distances, transport capacity becomes more important in this phase.

&amp;emsp;A narrow product range and large scale markets means demand can be more variable from general economic circumstances or competition.  Distributed finance and ownership makes sense in this case.  Demand may be low for a particular product, but may be high for something else.  In a distributed portfolio these tend to average out.  Owners can then reassign their labor and equipment as needed to meet the higher demand products.

&amp;emsp;The overall production network has a high capacity to recycle and self-produce what it needs.  So modifying equipment to meet changing needs is easier to do.  This is a somewhat different business model than investors and workers, with managers in between.  It more a network of active owner-operators who can change the mix of what they own and what they produce as needed.

&amp;emsp;Like distributed locations, industrial ones can serve the full range of industry types.  A combination of industrial, distributed, and individual scale industries can meet most of the needs that people have.  If they own their own equipment, or shares in them, because they collectively built and grew them themselves, those needs are met securely, despite higher levels of automation.

=='''7.0 - Other Earth Locations'''==
&amp;emsp;

:'''Goal'''


&amp;emsp;The main goal of this phase is a better quality of life through sustainable development.  The Earth's population is growing, and most people want a better lifestyle.  This needs more physical resources and energy.  But the Earth is already being stressed by human impact on the environment, and future growth will only increase the stress.


:'''Method'''


&amp;emsp;One way out of this dilemma is to produce abundant renewable energy with self-improving systems.  These systems make more of themselves exponentially, including more power sources.  Renewable energy will have much less impact on the planet's heat balance.  Large amounts of energy allow increased reprocessing of wastes, and extraction from lower grade ores or even common rock and ocean water.  Rapid expansion brings material goods to the rest of the world faster.  Self-production and automation lowers the relative costs of products, energy, and materials.


:'''New Locations'''  


&amp;emsp;Increased supply of raw materials and energy will likely need access to more difficult and remote locations.  So Phase 3 covers working in areas that are thinly or completely uninhabited, or that have difficult or extreme local environments.  New designs and processes will be needed for such areas.  So a new program phase with added R&amp;D is started.

&amp;emsp;Harder conditions are a matter of degree, rather than absolutes with a clear dividing line.  Sections 7.1 and 7.2 list the ones we have identified.  We define the &quot;normal&quot; (moderate) range as those where the middle 90% of of people live.  Difficult and extreme conditions are then significantly above or below the moderate range.

&amp;emsp;If at least one of the eleven parameters is well beyond the moderate range, then the location is assigned to the difficult category.  Extreme locations are even farther from moderate, and can be hostile to people living and working there.  More remote-control and automated operations will tend to be used, instead of trying to build controlled environments for people. 

&amp;emsp;We want to preserve the Earth's total environment, and the parts that are still in a natural state.  So developing the difficult and extreme locations must consider sustainability, renewable energy, and environmental impact.  An example would be building offshore fisheries to replace wild fish catches.  The latter are putting a strain on the ocean food chain, so it is desirable to minimize that impact.  But the fisheries must consider all their inputs and outputs in a total system approach to avoid unintended side-effects.

&amp;emsp;The mechanics of building in these locations is somewhat different than previous phases.  These areas are less populated, with fewer supply sources and utilities available.  So growing from a minimal set of tools and machines is harder to do.  Instead, more finished equipment is sent from previous locations to start basic functions like mining and producing energy.  A set of production equipment then uses these resources, plus some level of imported supplies, to increase capacity.  

&amp;emsp;That capacity then supplies products and services for local use.  Surplus output is traded with the rest of civilization to make the locations self-supporting economically.  Once built up, a location can also contribute to starting additional ones.  The experience gained in working in difficult or extreme conditions, working remotely, and building up resource extraction and production in such places will be useful for later phases beyond Earth.


==='''7.1 - Phase 3A: Difficult Earth Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;We define moderate conditions as those where the middle 90% of the Earth's population lives, with 5% at the upper or lower ends for a given parameter.  This definition is somewhat arbitrary, but we think reasonable from a design standpoint.  The &quot;Difficult&quot; environments are then those that are at least 10% beyond the moderate range in at least one parameter.  10% is measured either linearly or as a logarithmic factor, depending how wide the normal range is.  The parameters and moderate and difficult ranges are:


&amp;emsp;'''Temperature''' - This is measured by winter average daily lows and summer average daily highs.  The moderate range is 260-310K (-13 to 37C).  A given location is likely to exceed either the high or low limit, but not both.  The difficult range is therefore below 255K (-18C) or above 315K (42C).  Examples of difficult temperatures include Chelyabinsk, Russia, where average winter lows are -19C, and Death Valley, California, where summer highs are up to 47C.  The lower limit ie more likely to be reached at high altitudes and latitudes.  The high limit is more likely to be reached deep underground, because the Earth's internal temperature rises 25 Kelvin/Celsius on average per kilometer of depth.

&amp;emsp;'''Water Supply''' - This is measured by fresh water supply in meters or tons/m^2 per year from rain, rivers, snow, ice, moisture condensation and freshwater aquifers.  Salty surface water and aquifers are not included, as they aren't drinkable without desalination.  Aquifers are limited to natural replenishment rates, as they are not sustainable if drawn from faster.  The moderate range is 0.25 to 2.5 meters/year.  Since this is a large range, we use a logarithmic scale, and define difficult as 26% below or above the moderate limits, or &lt;0.185  and &gt;3.15 meters/year.  The world's drier deserts fall below the 18.5 cm rainfall level, and places like the east coast of Nicaragua exceed the 315 cm upper limit on rainfall.  Too much water is difficult because it can cause problems like flooding, erosion, and decay.

&amp;emsp;'''Atmosphere Pressure''' - This is measured by average local air pressure in kiloPascals (kPa).  For reference, standard sea-level pressure is 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi).  The moderate range is assumed to be from 80-100 kPa (near sea-level to 2000 meters altitude)  Difficult pressures are below 70kPa (2750 meters altitude) or above 110 kPa (750 meters below sea-level).  These correspond to high mountains or plateaus, and deep underground at low altitudes, since the lowest surface elevation is -413 meters.  Low pressures and rapid changes in pressure can cause medical problems for people, so pressure-control is needed where people are.  Effects on equipment are mostly minor in this range.

&amp;emsp;'''Ground Pressure''' - This is the ground/soil strength at the surface, or surrounding water or rock pressure below the surface, in MegaPascals (MPa).  These affect the design of structures, and values that are too low or too high become difficult.  For reference, average household floors are designed for 0.275 MPa loads.  The moderate range is 0.25 to 2.0 MPa.  Difficult conditions are then below 0.19 MPa or above 2.5 MPa.  The high limit is reached at ocean depths of 250 meters, and underground at depths of 100 meters in average rock.  High surrounding pressures require closed containers to lower them for people, or support structures to prevent collapse.  The low limit is reached in open waters (zero strength), fine sand or moist clay (low strengths).  Low ground strength requires larger building foundations, or floating construction in the case of open waters

&amp;emsp;'''Energy Supply''' - This is measured by average energy supply from renewable natural sources in W/m^2.  Wind and solar are available in most places, and are rapidly renewable.  Ocean thermal and geothermal are widely available if you go deep enough, but take long periods to renew once depleted, so we only count their renewal rate, not the stored energy.  Sources like hydroelectric or tidal energy are not available everywhere, but counted if they are.

&amp;emsp;Fossil fuels are not sustainable because of finite supply and the waste products they produce.  Biofuels may be produced sustainably.  Fuels for nuclear fission and fusion (which is still being developed) are in large enough supply to be considered sustainable but require mining or separation.  They can be used to produce energy, but we don't count their contribution to local supply.

&amp;emsp;Low energy supply is difficult because some is needed for almost every kind of human activity.  If it is not available locally, it must be imported by methods like fuel delivery or power lines.  High levels of energy supply are not considered difficult.  The range of energy flux is roughly 150 to 900 W/m^2 on Earth, so a difficult low value is 125 W/m^2.  Any significant depth below the surface is cut off from wind and solar sources, so are likely to be difficult and require energy supplied from elsewhere.

&amp;emsp;'''Gravity Level''' - This is mainly one of the conditions for space environments.  On and near the Earth's surface it does not vary by more than 10% unless you are in a centrifuge or accelerating vehicle, so there are no natural places on Earth beyond moderate conditions.  Low gravity causes biological problems for people, and may for animals and plants.  High gravity is difficult to work in for people, and requires extra structural support for physical items.

&amp;emsp;'''Radiation Dose''' - This is measured by unprotected background radiation in milliSeivert (mSv)/year.  Industrial exposure, such as to medical imaging staff, or from mining, using, and disposing of radioactive materials, is not considered an environment condition.  But such exposure needs its own designs for safety and shielding.  Natural background radiation varies by location, according to altitude, magnetic field, and what materials are in the ground below.  In most places on Earth it varies from 1 to 13 mSv/year.

&amp;emsp;A few places have high radiation levels from concentrations of radioactive elements and their decay products, up to 135 mSv/yr.  People have lived in such locations for many generations, with no apparent ill effects.  Since adaption may have occurred for long-term residents, we will be conservative and consider high radiation levels a hazard to the general population.

&amp;emsp;Levels above 17 mSv/year would be considered difficult.  Depending on sources, they might require shielding, sealing, or air circulation.  Low radiation levels are not considered hazardous, so background levels below 1 mSv/year are not considered difficult.  Note that the human body contains some radioactive elements naturally, so there is no zero background level.  Even the highest natural radiation levels on Earth are not significant for most equipment designs.

&amp;emsp;'''Ping Time''' - This is the round-trip communication delay to the next nearest 5% of world population, in milliseconds (ms).  Long delays create difficulty in voice communications or real-time remote control, and slow down any computer network-based activity.  There is no lower limit for this parameter, since short ping times are not a difficult condition.

&amp;emsp;On or near the Earth's surface we consider ping times above 100 milliseconds to be difficult, as this much delay starts to be noticeable to people.  There are few locations that have such high values to reach 5% of the world's people.  The 5% value is because you can choose to do tasks like remote control from reasonably nearby, and not from the farthest place on Earth.  This parameter becomes more important in space.  The speed of light limits operations to within 15,000 km to stay under 100 ms.  That only reaches moderately high Earth orbit, and most of space is far beyond that distance.

&amp;emsp;'''Travel Time''' - This is the maximum one-way normal travel time for people, to reach the nearest 5% of other people.  Travel time for cargo is assumed to be proportional to that for people.  High travel times makes it more difficult and expensive to bring in people with special skills, or necessary parts and materials.  Densely populated areas can usually be reached in 5 hours or less.  Most of the world's populated areas can be reached within 48 hours, so we set this as the upper limit for moderate (developed) travel.  The worst case travel time is 10-20 days for parts of Tibet which lack roads, and ocean locations distant from any airports, requiring ship travel to reach.  Very low travel times are not a difficulty, so we set no lower limit for this parameter. We define difficult travel as needing more than 2.5 days.

&amp;emsp;'''Stay Time''' - This is the average stay time per person per location, in years.  People stay in the same location if they live and sleep there the majority of the time, and make trips to other locations less than half the time.  Short stay times are more difficult because of increased transportation needs and staff turnover.  The short times may be caused by a harsh environment, lack of habitation and services, or the location is simply undesirable.  It can also be caused by a rapidly growing population lowering the average residence time.  In that case, the difficulty is caused by having to rapidly build new habitation and services.

&amp;emsp;Long stay times are not considered difficult, and their upper limit is the human lifespan.  Rapidly growing areas provide the shortest average times on Earth, 7 years if normal turnover is added to growth.  Since the upper bound is ~70 years, we will set the difficult limit at 25% below the shortest average, at 5 years.  Examples where such low values occur are mining and construction camps in remote locations.

&amp;emsp;'''Transport Energy''' - This is the total energy to reach a location from the nearest 5% of population, by the most efficient method, in MegaJoules per kilogram (MJ/kg).  For reference, 3.6 MJ = 1 kiloWatt-hour of electricity.  Transport energy includes kinetic, potential, and frictional energy.  High transport energy is difficult because of increased need for equipment, and their higher cost of operation.

&amp;emsp;On Earth, potential and kinetic energy of transport are generally low, and friction dominates.  Rail and water transport are currently the most efficient bulk methods, and range from 0.225 to 2.25 MJ/kg between densely and sparsely populated areas.  Low transport energy is not considered difficult, but we set values above 2.85 MJ/kg to be.  Such values can occur when rail and water transport are not available, and part of the trip must be by less efficient methods.  It can also happen when there is a lot of altitude change on the route, increasing frictional losses so as not to exceed speed limits.


&amp;emsp;Some of these parameters change with time, due to technology and development.  For example, parts of Alaska had long travel times when the only available transport was by dog sled.  Once small airplanes and a network of landing fields were available, it became less difficult.  It may be a specific goal to upgrade a location to less difficult status, but we define it for phases and R&amp;D by the pre-existing conditions that have to be dealt with.


==='''7.2 - Phase 3B: Extreme Earth Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;We define extreme locations as an additional 10% beyond the difficult range.  This is again in linear or logarithmic amounts, depending on the span of moderate conditions most people live in.  The more extreme parameters will need further design modifications, and therefore supporting R&amp;D to develop them.  We define no upper bound on how extreme things can get, they are only limited by the natural environment and general state of civilization.  The parameter values are:


&amp;emsp;'''Temperature''' - average daily lows below 250K (-23C) or average daily highs above 320K (47C).  The lows might be found in Antarctica or at high altitudes. The highs are found deep underground or in the hottest deserts.

&amp;emsp;'''Water Supply''' - The lower range is less than 0.12 meters/year (4.75 inches), which is a very dry desert.  The upper range is more than 3.8 meters/year, which is found in the wettest rain forests.

&amp;emsp;'''Atmosphere Pressure''' - The extreme ranges are below 60 kPa or above 120 kPa, which correspond to altitudes above about 5500 meters or below -1600 meters.  These correspond to very high mountain tops and deep underground.

&amp;emsp;'''Ground Pressure''' - The ranges are below 0.12 MPa or above 3 MPa.  These correspond to soft clay or open water at the low end, and depths of 300 meters in water and 120 meters in rock.

&amp;emsp;'''Energy Supply''' - The low range is below 90 W/m^2 from wind and solar, which is mainly encountered below the surface.  High values of energy supply are not a difficulty.

&amp;emsp;'''Gravity Level''' - This parameter does not vary by more than a few percent on Earth, so extreme conditions more than 20% beyond normal do not occur.

&amp;emsp;'''Radiation Dose''' - The extreme range is more than 21 mSV/year, which occurs in some natural high radiation areas, or if spending a lot of time (&gt;25%) at high altitude near the magnetic poles, where cosmic radiation can come down vertically.

&amp;emsp;'''Ping Time''' - The range for extreme ping time is more than 125 ms round trip.  This is nearly around the world at the speed of light, so accessing 5% of the population only takes this long if radio or fiber communications routes are very indirect or unavailable.

&amp;emsp;'''Travel Time''' - The range for extreme travel time is more than 3 days to reach.  This is found only in very remote areas without conventional transportation.

&amp;emsp;'''Stay Time''' - The lower range is average stay times below 3 years 4 months, which mainly would be found in temporary work locations.

&amp;emsp;'''Transport Energy''' - The upper range for extreme transport energy is above 3.5 MJ/kg.  This is reached mainly when inefficient transportation has to be used.

=='''8.0 - Phase 4: Orbital Locations'''==
&amp;emsp;

[[File:Von_Braun_1952_Space_Station_Concept_9132079_original.jpg|thumb|right|640x446px|Figure 8.0-1 - 1952 space station concept by Wernher von Braun and Chesley Bonestell.]]

:'''Goals'''


&amp;emsp;The main goals of phases 4 through 6 are using space to bring benefits to Earth, and to help with some long-term problems and risks that can't be handled any other way.  

&amp;emsp;Figure 8.0-1 is an early concept for a rotating '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station Space Station]''', made 5 years before the first orbital launch of Sputnik 1. Note the ring-shaped solar collector on top.  This would heat a fluid to produce power, since the first practical silicon solar cell would not be made until 2 years later.  We show this concept as a reminder that plans can only be made from what is known at the time.  Our approach to developing space may look equally out of date 75 years in the future.  Despite that, we have to start somewhere and then make updates as needed.


:'''Approach'''


&amp;emsp;This section (8.0) 9.0, and 10.0 cover Phases 4, 5, and 6 in that order.  Sub-phases for each are grouped together because they involve working in similar space environments.  We expect the various sub-phases to have different starting times due to relative difficulty in reaching their locations and distance from Earth.  But once started the sub-phases would overlap and continue in parallel.

&amp;emsp;Orbital locations (Phase 4) come first, because Earth orbit has to be reached before going anywhere else in space.  Planetary system locations (Phase 5) come next.  They share being on or tied by gravity to the larger Solar System bodies other than Earth.  Their gravity wells take more work to travel to and from than orbital locations in similar solar orbits.  The local environments are also different on and around these bodies.  Phase 6 (Interstellar Locations) involves places beyond the Sun's gravitational dominance.  It is expected to be last in time.  It is hard to predict what technology will be available by then, and how such distant locations would be used.  So the last phase is mainly included as a placeholder and to provide some direction for future work.


:'''Current and Near-Term Space Industry'''
 

&amp;emsp;Working on long-term problems doesn't have an immediate economic return.  So the first uses of our approach for places beyond Earth would be to support existing and near-term space industry.  According the '''[https://orbitalradar.com/how-many-satellites-in-orbitto Orbital Radar]''' site there were over 18,000 active satellites orbiting the Earth in September 2026.  There were also about 10,700 pieces of debris and leftover rocket parts.   There are a smaller number of spacecraft and other items that have been sent beyond Earth orbit, some of which are still operating.  The inactive equipment, plus other discarded items and fragments, make up artificial '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debris Space Debris]'''.  The increasing amount of debris is one of the long-term problems that need solving.  

&amp;emsp;'''[https://sia.org/news-resources/state-of-the-satellite-industry-report/ Total Economic Activity]''' related to space was $429 billion as of 2025, split between government and private projects.  But nearly all of the people involved, and most of the physical tasks, happen on Earth.  This provides a starting point for using our self-improvement methods and other advanced technology.  In turn that should lower costs.  

&amp;emsp;Reaching space is generally industrial-scale activity.  Rockets themselves are large, and so are the places and equipment to build and launch them.  So it would be part of or follow Phase 2B's other industrial locations.  What is sent to space can be as small as hobby scale.  '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_radio_satellite Amateur Radio Operators]''' have sent satellites into orbit, and well over a thousand '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat Cubesats]''' based on 10 cm modular sizes have been sent to space.  Building and operating equipment sent to space more typically ranges from Phase 2A's small business and commercial scale up to the industrial level.  

&amp;emsp;Reaching space was very expensive until recently because some or all of a rocket was discarded after one use.  The high cost limited space activity to large nations or groups of them at first.  Over time, commercial space activity has grown to be about 75% of the total.  Lower cost transportation and satellite equipment is actively being pursued.  The methods include adopting mass production, and discarding less or none of the rocket each flight.  

&amp;emsp;Most equipment sent to space is also discarded when it fails or reaches the end of its useful life.  This adds to the cost of operating in space.  Refueling, maintenance, and repair of equipment in space is very limited.  New production, upgrades, and recycling is limited to non-existent.  Total cost can be lowered by changing how space projects are built, delivered, and operated.  In turn this would expand existing uses, and open up new ones like private space stations and space tourism.  


:'''Long-Term Sustainability'''


&amp;emsp;As of 2025 fossil fuels supplied 81.9% of global primary energy.  Since about 1900 their rapid growth powered most of the development of modern civilization.  But that comes with a number of unfortunate side effects.  They include environmental damage, pollution, and adding greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, to the atmosphere far faster then natural processes remove it.

&amp;emsp;These gases reduce infrared radiation back to space, altering the balance between incoming sunlight and outgoing heat.  Venus' surface temperature of 462 C (864 F) shows why this is a bad idea.  Only 50C of Venus' higher temperature is due to being closer to the Sun.  The rest is primarily heat trapped by a thick CO2 atmosphere.  Society must transition this century to renewable non-carbon energy sources, so Earth doesn't become more like the hell that Venus is.

&amp;emsp;Despite the large-scale use of fossil and other energy sources, current civilization can't afford to capture and reprocess all waste materials, nor extract new materials from abundant low-grade sources.  New materials come from '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore Ores]''' instead.  These have higher concentrations of desired products, which take less work to extract.  However, high-grade ores are in limited supply.  If used materials are not fully reprocessed, those ores will eventually run out.  So the current state of civilization is unsustainable.  It is heading towards severe problems from increasing temperature, running out of affordable materials, or both.  

&amp;emsp;At the same time, the world's population is growing, and not everyone has the benefits of high income economies.  Full development of such economies would demand even more energy and materials.  It's unfair to deny these benefits to some people because others were the first to get them.  A growing population with a high standard of living will put more stress on the remaining natural world, and deplete accessible resources faster.  Self-improving factories and other advanced technologies can be used to build more renewable energy sources and reprocess more wastes.  This would have less impact on Earth, but it would not reduce it to zero.  


:'''Civilization-Level Risks'''


&amp;emsp;Another problem is preserving civilization and the biosphere in the face of large-scale risks.  One such risk is runaway greenhouse warming due to positive feedback loops.  This is different than the temperature rising a certain number of degrees from higher CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels.  Melting ice caps can expose darker water or land, increasing the absorbed sunlight and causing further melting.  Another feedback loop is release of methane from frozen ocean hydrates and organic matter in permafrost.  Methane is a strong greenhouse gas, and so can lead to accelerated release.

&amp;emsp;Another risk is from asteroids.  Large asteroids fly past Earth fairly frequently, and occasionally hit it, causing widespread damage.  There are enough craters, recorded impacts, and near misses to know it is a low probability event, but can be catastrophic if it does.  So it is worth trying to reduce that risk.  Note that small objects either burn up in the atmosphere or only cause local damage, and don't require civilization-level action to prevent.

&amp;emsp;There are other large-scale risks besides these two.  Examples include '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano Supervolcano]''' eruptions, genetically engineered plagues, and nuclear war.  It is worth some effort to identify these risks, and reduce them if possible.  Backup locations beyond Earth can be a last resort if such efforts fail, but most efforts should likely be directed at prevention rather than recovery.


==='''8.1 - Using Space to Solve Earth's Problems'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;There are abundant energy and material resources in space.  If the cost of using them can be brought low enough, then that becomes preferable to, for example, putting more solar panels in climates unsuited to them, or digging ever deeper underground to find high quality ores.

&amp;emsp;There is seven times more solar energy available in space near the Earth than the average on the ground.  Atmospheric absorption, night, and weather account for the difference.  The equipment to collect that energy is also about seven times lighter because it doesn't need to handle gravity and weather.  So the energy to equipment mass ratio is roughly 50 times higher.

&amp;emsp;There is also a wide variety of accessible materials in space, starting with the Moon's surface and nearby asteroids.  These have been &quot;pre-mined&quot; in the sense that impacts have left them broken up and loose.  Extracting them doesn't need heavy equipment, so the tons mined per ton of equipment is high.  The combination of high energy and low equipment could allow rapid bootstrapping of space industry.  The products can then help solve the problems and risks we noted above.


:'''Lowering Space Operations Cost'''


&amp;emsp;Reaching and working in space has been very expensive, especially beyond the lowest Earth orbits.  But that is an engineering problem, not one set by basic physics.  For example, wholesale potatoes are on the order of $300/ton, and the wholesale electrical energy to put those potatoes in Earth orbit (8.7 MWh) is on the order of $550, less than twice as much.  Sending even cheap bulk commodities to space would be affordable if done with high efficiency.  Current launch costs are quoted at $1.52 million/ton or more (Falcon Heavy, 2022), 2750 times as much.  This shows how much room there is for improvement.  

&amp;emsp;There are a number of ways this cost can be reduced.  Reaching space today requires a good deal of equipment on Earth, like rocket factories, the rockets themselves, and launch sites for them.  Self-improving automated production can lower the costs of these.  As with other industries, you can begin with a starter set, and grow it until you have mature factories that produce the space hardware you need.

&amp;emsp;A large amount of rocket and satellite hardware is discarded after use.  This is a major contributor to high costs.  Improved designs can allow reuse and repair.  Conventional rockets are also inefficient.  They require about 40 times the payload mass in fuel (for '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant#Current_cryogenic_types LOX/RP-1]''') containing 387 MJ/kg of fuel energy.  The payload ends up with 32 MJ/kg of kinetic and potential energy, so the fuel efficiency is only 8.3%.  Alternate launch methods can dramatically improve on this value, but there has to be enough traffic to space to justify their development. 

&amp;emsp;Advanced production methods in space, using materials and energy already there, can ultimately reduce mass launched from Earth by 98-99%.  The transportation component of operating in space can then be reduced by a similar ratio.  If in-space production costs are less than the launch savings, then overall costs go down.  

&amp;emsp;More efficient space technologies, like electric propulsion and closed life support, further reduce the mass from Earth needed to operate.  The closer we can source supplies to the desired destination, the less effort is needed to move them there.  So a Lunar or Mars base would ideally get most of what it needs locally, or from not too far away, and only get from Earth what can't be found or made otherwise.  The combination of all these methods would get much closer to &quot;potato cost&quot;.


:'''Space Development Process'''


&amp;emsp;Our approach would follow the same general path in space as it does on Earth.  In particular the methods used for difficult and extreme locations on Earth are relevant, although the details will differ.  Space is nearly undeveloped and barely populated.  So early tasks include delivering equipment to supply energy and gather raw materials.  A core set of processing equipment would be used to turn raw materials into basic supplies like propellants, and production inventory like metal stock.

&amp;emsp;Other equipment takes these products, plus some amount of imported items, and fabricates parts for more production equipment, plus finished items like habitats for people and food production.  Metals for machinery and construction are likely the majority of first generation production, since that is the foundation of industry on Earth.  Second and later generation equipment can then produce other materials and products in an expanding sequence.  

&amp;emsp;In the early stages there is less equipment available at a given location.  So a larger percentage of parts and materials has to be imported from previous places, or from Earth.  As more equipment accumulates, a higher percentage can be produced locally.  Once a given location has matured enough, it can start to make items for new starter sets.  These can be used in the same region, such as other parts of the Moon, or sent off to start developing new regions.

&amp;emsp;Once a location can export a surplus of locally made items, they can be traded for those it can't make, or needed materials that are locally rare.  Such trade would be based on '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_advantage Comparative Advantage]''' like it is on Earth.  By export and trade a location can become economically self-supporting, and not a cost burden.  This is in contrast to a station or base that can't make things locally, which has to be supplied from elsewhere at a continuing cost.

&amp;emsp;Self-supporting locations can produce an expanding wave of civilization and life as far as people want to carry them - throughout the Solar System, and in the long term, beyond it.


:'''General Space Environment Features'''


&amp;emsp;Orbital locations in Phase 4 begin at 200 km altitude above the Earth's surface, where atmospheric density is low enough for stable orbits.  They extend beyond that to the limits of stable orbits bound by gravity to Earth, then to interplanetary orbits at all distances from the Sun.  The planetary system locations of Phase 5 are embedded within the larger interplanetary region, and move with the major bodies and the gravity fields they produce.

&amp;emsp;The environment conditions, raw materials, and available energy vary widely across the different regions.  So we divide Phase 4 into six sub-phases by region, and Phase 5 into five sub-phases.  We expect their development to start mostly in order by distance from Earth.  Orbital locations include smaller bodies like asteroids found there, and planetary systems include an area of stable orbits around them and the smaller bodies tied to them by gravity.

&amp;emsp;The environment parameters for Phases 4 and 5 are generally more difficult than extreme ones on Earth (Phase 3B).  The added difficulty in many cases is incremental, not orders of magnitude steps, and not in all parameters.  Proper design and operation can deal with most of these conditions, but some places are so extreme that current technology has no way to handle them.  The general ranges are noted here.  Some details for sub-phases and particular locations are noted below.  Extensive and growing knowledge about them comes from the field of '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_science Planetary Science]'''.


* '''Temperature''' - Distance from the Sun, and the percent field of view of the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation Cosmic Background]''', which is at near absolute zero temperature (2.7K) are the main determinants of local temperature.  It can range anywhere from above 700K to below 50K (+425 to -225 C).  Partly shadowed orbits, or night on a surface, can produce wide temperature swings.  Reflection from the surface of a body, or underground surroundings, will modify the ambient temperature.

* '''Water Supply''' - Orbital locations don't have a weather system that delivers a renewable water supply like Earth.  But some bodies have water in the form of hydrated minerals or ice.  Liquid water layers may exist inside dwarf planets and moons, and water in general is abundant beyond the &quot;frost line&quot; around 3 AU, where temperatures are low enough for ice to be stable in a vacuum.

* '''Atmosphere Pressure''' - Vacuum is the normal condition in open space and on the surface of most bodies.  Some of the larger dwarf planets and moons have non-zero pressures, and all the major planets except Mercury have significant to dominant atmospheres.

* '''Ground Pressure''' - This doesn't exist in open space, and is generally low even for larger asteroids, either because of low gravity or low surface strength.  Ground pressure can become significant if you go deep enough into larger asteroids.  It becomes very high inside large moons and major planets.

* '''Energy Supply''' - Varies from above 10 kW/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in close solar orbits to below 1.5 W/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; beyond Neptune.  Orbits with time in shadow lose a percentage of this.  Surfaces in vacuum reduce solar energy by about 50% from nights, with variations from topography like mountains and craters.  Atmospheres can further reduce solar energy.

:&amp;emsp;Other sources like wind, precipitation, and geothermal may be available on some bodies.  Nuclear power is possible using fuel delivered from Earth or mined from places with radioactive elements like the Moon.  Power can be transmitted over moderate distances using conductors and beams, or even simple reflectors.

* '''Gravity Level''' - Natural gravity ranges from zero in free orbits, to about 3% of Earth's on dwarf planets, and up to 2.4 times Earth on larger moons and major planets.  Artificial gravity can be supplied by rotation where biology or industrial processes need it.  Artificial gravity is only limited by structural materials and practical issues like arrival and departure.

* '''Radiation Dose''' - Most orbits and surface regions have high natural levels of radiation from galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events (flares), and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Radiation Belts]''' like the ones around Earth.  Devices like solar panels and electronics are generally less sensitive to radiation than living things, but can still be damaged or temporarily upset.

:&amp;emsp;Radiation can be lowered to safe levels using bulk mass as shielding, or possibly artificial methods like magnetic fields.  Shielding mass in orbital locations can come from asteroids or imported from moons.  On substantial bodies their mass provides partial natural shielding, and going underground and arranging local materials can provide the rest.  Transport vehicles can use fuel, water, or other supplies as shielding.  Large habitats may get enough shielding from their outer structure, equipment, and storage tanks.

* '''Ping Time''' - Round trip communication time varies greatly from milliseconds in low Earth orbits to hours or even days in the outer Solar System.  Essentially all the communication time is due to speed of light delays.  On Earth, fiber-optic cables transmit at about 2/3 the speed of light, and follow indirect paths from geography and a spherical planet.

* '''Travel Time''' - This also varies greatly according to orbit region.  It can take a few hours to reach low Earth orbit or return from it to the ground, plus some travel time to other population on the Earth's surface.  Travel to the outer Solar System using known propulsion systems will take a number of years or even decades.

* '''Stay Time''' - This is currently very short because there are no permanently inhabited locations in orbit.  Astronaut crews typically stay about 6 months aboard the International Space Station.  With the development of larger, more permanent locations, with artificial gravity, food supplies, etc. the stay times can increase to a number of years.

* '''Transport Energy''' - Much less than 5% of civilization is in space, so transport energy is measured from the Earth's surface to an orbital location.  This is a minimum of 33 MJ/kg, set by the physics of reaching low Earth orbit.  It is a lot higher using current rockets, because their operating efficiency is low.  More distant orbital locations require additional energy to reach, and currently this reduces cargo mass dramatically, producing even higher transport energy/kg. 


==='''8.2 - Phase 4A: Low Orbit Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Sections 8.2 to 8.7 cover sub-phases 4A to 4F.  We limit the a amount of detail to keep the size of this report reasonable, and in some cases is limited by the current state of knowledge about the regions.  Each region would be developed using the general approach in Section 8.1, with some methods adapted to local conditions.  The start of each successive sub-phase is staggered in time, but a region does not have to be fully developed before starting on the next one.  They would develop in parallel once started.  

&amp;emsp;We suggest some economic uses for these regions, how to reach them, and how to develop them.  We don't know enough to say if these are the best or only uses for them, and we certainly don't know what ideas other people will come up with in the future.  So consider this report as a starting point for others to improve upon.


:'''Low Orbit Features'''


&amp;emsp;Earth orbits form a continuous range from 200 km, the minimum set by atmospheric drag, to the maximum set by Sun's gravity becoming dominant.  We divide that range in half by the transport energy required to reach it, at 2700 km average altitude.  Conditions are different enough between low and high orbits to get their own sub-phases.  Orbits can be elliptical and constantly vary in altitude, so we use the average between the high and low points, which is called the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes Semi-Major Axis]'''.

&amp;emsp;Objects in low orbits are in the Earth's shadow about 22-40% of the time, reduceing available energy.  The Earth fills a large part of the field of view, which affects thermal balances, and lighting when over the sunlit side.  Orbit periods are 2.5 hours or less, so travel time from the Earth's surface is fairly short.  Ping time by way of ground stations is under 20 ms, so not difficult.  But low orbits have a limited view of the Earth's surface at one time.  So multiple ground stations are needed, or communications are relayed by a higher satellite.  This can add up to 500 ms to round-trip communications, which is a noticeable delay.

&amp;emsp;The Earth's magnetic field traps particles into '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Allen_radiation_belt Radiation Belts]''' that begin at low orbits and extend past them to high orbits.  Unprotected people and electronics can be damaged by the high radiation levels.  So spacecraft have to be designed to withstand radiation, avoid these belts, cross them quickly, have sufficient shielding, or the belts depleted artificially.

&amp;emsp;Material resources are relatively scarce in low orbit.  They include the upper edge of the Earth's atmosphere, and debris from inactive satellites and rocket stages.  The mass of particles in the radiation belts is very small.  Other materials have to be imported from Earth or higher locations.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;We would like all regions in space to become economically self-supporting.  Earth orbits already are, with 75% of total space activity being commercial.  Low orbits are occupied by a large number of active satellites serving the people below.  Current uses include Earth observation, such as weather, mapping, and agricultural monitoring.  Many satellites are now used for communications relay between points on the surface.  Government uses include research, such as the Space Station and Hubble Telescope, and national security.

&amp;emsp;Future uses may include tourism, orbital assembly and maintenance, and payload transfer, and refueling for more distant destinations.  Further development of low orbits would start with existing markets.  It would expand to new ones as transportation costs are reduced and local industry built up.  We discuss some options in this section, but it is an area with projects being worked on by many others.

&amp;emsp;We don't expect large-scale production and habitats in low orbits, because more materials and energy are available higher up.  We do expect low orbits to become transit points, because below the radiation belts is the nearest place to Earth that is reasonably safe and doesn't need constant propulsion to maintain position. 


:'''Transport from Earth'''


&amp;emsp;Low orbit has few available materials, so most items have to be imported.  Rockets and space hardware have existed for decades, but they are still too expensive for many future uses.  As noted in section 8.1,  self-improving and automated production can help lower the cost of building and running aerospace factories and launch sites.

&amp;emsp;Reusing rocket hardware can improve costs substantially, but conventional rockets have low energy efficiency.  They are limited by the energy in chemical '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant Propellants]''' and the mass of the Earth, neither of which is changing.  A shift to different launch technologies can can improve efficiency and cost.  But there has to be enough traffic to justify the added R&amp;D cost in the face of existing rocket systems.  There are many possible launch technologies.  See Part 2 of our volume on '''[https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Space_Transport_and_Engineering_Methods Space Systems Engineering]''' for an extensive list.  We provide one example here to illustrate the possibilities.  

[[File:AEDC_Range-G_Launcher_facility.jpg|thumb|800x599px|Figure 8.2-1 - AEDC Range-G Hypersonic Research Gun (on left, 20cm interior diameter of barrel).]]


&amp;emsp;'''Hypersonic Guns''' - Hypervelocity gas guns have been used in research for decades (Figure 8.2-1).  They are inexpensive to build compared to most aerospace hardware.  This is because they don't have to fly, so can be made of heavy industrial parts, and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-gas_gun Light Gas Guns]''' are basically simple devices.

&amp;emsp;A larger version of such a gun, on a mountain with the correct slope, can supply 50-70% of orbit velocity for bulk cargo which is not sensitive to high g-forces.  These include fuel, water, structural parts, even frozen food.  Outdoor barrels measured in km rather than meters lower g-forces and operating pressures.  But they are still generally too high for delicate cargo and people.  Those would use other kinds of transportation.  Industrial factories grown from starter sets could be a low-cost source for the construction equipment to build on the mountain, the high pressure pipe, other parts for the gun, and an energy source to compress and heat the gas for launch.  

&amp;emsp;Muzzle velocities much higher than ~4 km/s (half of orbit speed) become increasingly less efficient.  This is because of limits on expansion rate of the working gas, and increased drag and heating while climbing through the atmosphere.  The remaining part of reaching orbit is supplied by an internal rocket engine on the projectile or by other methods.  Because the rocket engine only supplies half or less of the velocity, it is many times smaller relative to cargo than conventional rockets.

&amp;emsp;The fuel-to-payload energy efficiency is roughly two-thirds, much better than conventional rockets.  The gun also uses energy, but it is relatively cheap to operate.  It is stationary on the ground, uses inexpensive materials, and can be used many times.  The projectiles are rugged and durable, and can also be used many times.  Re-entry is much gentler than the initial launch.  The operating cost per ton to orbit should therefore be lower than conventional rockets.  A gun-type launcher could deliver a large portion of the mass to orbit.  There is no requirement that everything going to space has to travel the same way, any more than it does here on Earth.


&amp;emsp;'''Other Launch Methods''' - Hypervelocity guns are just one example.  Other technologies with reasonable prospects include high-speed air-breathing engines for the early part of flight, and orbiting structures with suborbital landing platforms for the later part.  Both are more efficient than chemical rockets in their respective velocity ranges.  Unfortunately neither can easily serve the whole job of transport to orbit.  A combination of systems, each operating where it works best, is likely the better option.

&amp;emsp;High speed jet engines and orbital platforms would require substantial R&amp;D, and are therefore not likely to be the first things built.  Instead, lowering the cost of conventional rockets is the first step.  It would then be supplemented with a low R&amp;D system like a hypersonic gun.  Once new markets are opened up by the lower costs, the more advanced technologies that need more R&amp;D can then make economic sense.


:'''Mining and Production'''


&amp;emsp;Low orbits are not ideal places to process raw materials.  That requires a lot of energy, and sunlight is blocked a good percentage of the time.  But there is enough energy to fabricate parts and assemble them to finished items.  For example, spools of high strength fiber and metal wire are rugged enough to be launched by bulk systems.  The fiber and wire can be wrapped and plasma-sprayed in layers around inflatable or collapsible forms, to build up large, lightweight structures.  Large pressurized volumes built this way can then house other production and assembly equipment and people to work there.

&amp;emsp;There are some material resources in low orbit that don't require a lot of processing.  At altitudes of around 200 km it may be possible to &quot;scoop mine&quot; the upper atmosphere.  A collection scoop funnels incoming air, which is very thin at this altitude, to a vacuum pump and compressor.  A portion of the air is expelled by electric engines at much higher velocity than the incoming flow.  This makes up for drag from the scoop.  The remaining air is stored in tanks.

&amp;emsp;When the tanks are full, the mining ship climbs higher and unloads to storage tanks at a depot.  The reason to mine like this, rather than launching gases directly from Earth, is the solar arrays that power the mining ship can produce 1000 times the energy needed to put themselves in orbit over their operating life.  As long as the gas mining can be done with reasonable efficiency, launching solar arrays rather than tanks of gases results in much more usable product in the end.

&amp;emsp;A steady supply of air (or nitrogen and oxygen if separated) obviously can be used to support people in orbit.  It can also fuel tugs that collect dead satellites and debris from the Earth's &quot;debris belt&quot;.  This both reduces the hazard they create, and supplies useful resources.  The collected materials can be scavenged for usable parts or recycled into new products.  Dead satellites and empty rocket stages are made of aerospace materials, so they should not need a lot of processing to reuse.

&amp;emsp;Mining the debris is only feasible with a cheap source of propellant and efficient electric engines.  The pieces are in random orbits, and would consume too much propellant to gather otherwise.  Air plus debris mining can provide enough materials to support some production in low orbit.  The larger sources available from the Moon and asteroids, and the full-time solar energy in higher orbits, leads to the majority of production being done elsewhere.  It can be efficiently delivered &quot;downhill&quot; using gentle '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobraking Aerobraking]'''.  Low orbit mining and production then ends up supporting local uses, and this region functions as a transfer point between the ground and elsewhere.


==='''8.3 - Phase 4B: High Orbit Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''High Orbit Features'''


&amp;emsp;We define high orbits as extending from 2700 km average altitude to the limit of the Earth's dominant gravitational influence, or '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere Hill Sphere]'''.  For Earth this is about 1.5 million km, but towards the outer edges orbits become less stable.  This is a large range of distances, but it only represents the upper 25% of energy between the Earth's surface and escape.  That's because gravity is an inverse square force and weakens rapidly as you increase distance.

&amp;emsp;The Moon is the most prominent feature in high orbit.  It has its own area of dominant gravity, with a radius of about 60,000 km, and reasonably stable orbits with semi-major axes to about 35,000 km.  Additional energy is needed to descend through the Moon's gravity field to low orbits or the surface.  Conditions are also different enough near and on the Moon that we assign the region within 35,000 km to Phase 5A - Lunar Locations.

&amp;emsp;High orbits are in sunlight 85-100% of the time, reaching the highest values when farther from the Earth and Moon.  Temperature is determined mostly by the Sun and the cold Cosmic Background, but at lower altitudes the Earth contributes a significant amount of reflected light and infrared heat.  Orbit periods range from 2.5 hours to 7 months, so travel times by the most efficient routes can be long.  Direct paths can be much faster, 12 days or less, at the expense of additional energy.

&amp;emsp;Ping time varies from as little as 25 ms, which is not difficult, up to 10 seconds, which has a large impact on voice, real-time control, and electronic data.  The upper part of the Earth's radiation belts, solar, and cosmic radiation create high to dangerous levels for people and equipment.  Energy resources are abundant in this region, but material resources are low in their natural state.  The Moon and Near Earth Objects can supply materials with fairly low transport energies.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;One orbit in this region, geosynchronous, at 35,000 km altitude, is already heavily used.  This orbit has a period of 24 hours, which matches the Earth's rotation.  So satellites appear to stay above a fixed ground location, and ground antennas can be stationary rather than having to track satellite motion.  Synchronous orbit is in the outer fringe of the radiation belts.

&amp;emsp;Future production and human habitation would likely start higher up.  One set of such locations are near the Earth-Moon L4 and L5 '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_point Lagrange Points]'''.  These are stable regions, but not singular points.  The Sun's gravity and the Moon's orbit not being circular or in the same plane as the Earth and Sun cause some motion around the points.

&amp;emsp;Delivery, refueling, and maintenance of high orbit satellites from Earth are current and near-term activities for this region.  Future activity can include supplying fuel and other supplies from space sources back to low orbit and to early interplanetary locations.  These and other possible future activities depend on bringing costs down to affordable levels.  This would happen incrementally as self-improving production for early markets bootstraps to larger levels.

&amp;emsp;There are some civilization-level problems that high orbit activity can help with.  If climate change solutions on Earth are not enough, orbiting sun filters can be used.  They let wavelengths used by plants through, but block other parts of the solar spectrum.  This would help cool the planet.  Large solar system objects that pose a risk to Earth could be diverted or put to use instead.  This requires finding them far enough in advance to change their orbit.  An active civilization and biosphere off-planet could restore Earth if catastrophes happen despite our best efforts.

&amp;emsp;The solar energy flowing through this region is nearly 500 million times what civilization uses today.  The Moon and nearby asteroids can supply 250 million years of raw materials at Earth's current mining rate without recycling.  With abundant energy and recycling a small fraction of these resources can make civilization sustainable for a very long time.


:'''Transport from Other Orbits'''


&amp;emsp;Excluding the Moon, the high orbit region is nearly devoid of raw materials.  So they must be imported from elsewhere.  Current transport from Earth uses a rocket to reach orbit, then more chemical or electric propulsion to reach higher orbits.  Electric propulsion is about ten times more fuel-efficient than chemical rockets, and is being used more in recent years.

&amp;emsp;Electric engines need large amounts of power to operate, but efficient and lightweight solar panels have been developed in the last few decades (see '''[https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html NREL Efficiency Chart]''').  The engines are low thrust, which would expose people and some other items to too much radiation while crossing the Van Allen belts.  So some early transport will use less efficient but faster rockets.  Once propellants and bulk mass for shielding are available from space sources, the penalty for less efficient transport can be reduced.

&amp;emsp;Bulk materials mined from NEOs (Section 2.1) are not time- or radiation-sensitive.  They can be transported entirely by electric engines on tugs that make multiple trips.  Since part of the product from these objects is more fuel for the tugs, the transport becomes self-sustaining once started. A tug can return about 750 times its hardware mass over a 15 year working life, while consuming about 17 times its mass in propellant over the same period.  Tugs can also efficiently deliver hardware and finished products to other orbits as needed.

&amp;emsp;The Moon is small enough that bulk materials can be thrown directly into orbit by electric catapults.  Assuming 50% efficiency and 50% duty cycle from lunar night, a solar panel can power throwing 1000 times its own mass per year for a 15 year operating life.  If the catapult is not too heavy relative to the total mass it can throw, the overall mass return ratio is high.  From low Lunar orbit, electric tugs take over and deliver the materials for processing.  There are about five major &quot;ore types&quot; of different compositions on the Moon and NEOs: highlands, maria, carbonaceous, stony, and metallic.  Using all of them would supply the widest range of raw materials to make the widest range of products.


:'''High Orbit Production'''


&amp;emsp;Energy is needed to convert raw materials into finished products.  High orbits have abundant '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_constant Solar Energy]''', up to 11,930 kWh/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/year.  It can be converted to electricity by solar panels or used directly for heating using concentrating reflectors.  Modern space solar panels and reflectors are very light weight relative to their power output, since they don't have to withstand gravity or weather.  Excess heat can be disposed of by radiators or natural '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant_exitance Emittance]'''.  Low temperatures can be reached with '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_sunshade Thermal Shades]''' to block the Sun and other heat sources, and active refrigeration if needed.

&amp;emsp;A set of solar panels can supply enough power to start production, since electric power has many uses.  Early processing, fabrication, and assembly equipment would come from Earth or low orbit.  The first set of products are simple items to be used directly, such as shielding mass, fuel, and basic construction materials.  The early production equipment would be supplemented over time by items made in orbit.  Over time high orbit industry would transition from importing everything, to making items locally, then exporting products to other destinations. 

&amp;emsp;Given sources of raw materials and energy, the simplest product of all is radiation shielding for people and equipment.  This only requires crushing and sorting, then packing into containers around areas that need protection.  Shielding also acts as thermal insulation and impact protection.  Shielded modules allow extended crew stays in high orbit.  Crews can operate production equipment and perform economic tasks for others, like satellite maintenance and refueling.  To some extent the crew can be helped by remote control from Earth.

&amp;emsp;Next in difficulty, but not necessarily in priority, are water and carbon compounds, extracted from '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-type_asteroid Carbonaceous-Type Asteroid]''' material.  This requires 200-300 C temperatures, which reflectors can supply, and a container and condenser to capture the vapors.  Water and carbon can be chemically reformed to oxygen and hydrocarbons, which are common high-thrust rocket propellants.  This is useful when transporting people through the radiation belts or for landing on the Moon.  They can also be used in electric engines for higher efficiency at lower thrust.  Water, carbon compounds, air mined from low orbit, and possibly rock for soil can supply greenhouse modules, so that crews can produce their own food and recycle life support supplies.

&amp;emsp;Metallic or '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-type_asteroid M-Type Asteroids]''' are thought to be the source '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite Iron Meteorites]''' found on Earth and Mars.  They make up about 5% of known asteroids, with the metal portion being an iron-nickel alloy.  A high temperature furnace can melt the alloy, a small amount of carbon added to make a steel alloy, and then cast into basic shapes.

&amp;emsp;Steel makes up about 90% of all metal used on Earth.  Being able to produce it from space sources would allow a much higher percentage of self-production in space.  Subtractive and additive '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_tool Machine Tools]''' are used to turn basic metal shapes into finished parts.  Those can be assembled, along with some imported items, into new machines, including more machine tools.  New machines and constructed metal items can then work with other materials. 

&amp;emsp;Other space-made products can include '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt_fiber Basalt Fiber]''' made from lunar basalts, and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_fibers Carbon Fibers]''' from asteroid carbon compounds.  These are are very high strength-to-weight.  Fiber-reinforced metal structures are strong and relatively light weight. They would be useful for all kinds of construction.  

&amp;emsp;'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_deposition Vacuum Deposition]''' is relatively easy to do in high orbit since vacuum is the natural state of that region.  Products can include lightweight reflector sheets, and parts for radiator panels.  These can be combined with high-concentration solar cells from Earth to supply power with less mass than complete panels.  '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory Refractories]''' are a class of materials that can withstand high temperatures.  Some were formed in high-temperature environments in space, and others can be made artificially.  They are used in all kinds of industrial processes such as furnaces and cooling systems for thermal processing of materials.

&amp;emsp;In the long term, in-space production can supply up to 98-99% of the mass for space projects, greatly reducing what needs to come from Earth.  The remaining 1-2% includes materials too rare in space to usefully mine, and products too hard to make relative to importing from Earth.  Examples are electronics and drugs, which are already mass produced and high value for their weight.  Importing them is easier than trying to make them.


:'''Living in High Orbit'''
   

&amp;emsp;After science and and supporting existing satellites, the first people to spend much time in high orbits would be there to build up industry.  But ultimately large, comfortable space habitats can be built as permanent living space, like towns and cities on Earth.  Like the ones on Earth, they don't have to be built all at once.  The first ones can be small, and attached to industrial production facilities.

&amp;emsp;Larger residential habitats can also start small, but be designed to grow over time.  Growth can be linear or in layers, like an onion.  Linear growth can start with modules attached in a ring, with solar panels attached to each.  The ring can be spun for artificial gravity.  Additional rings can be stacked with the first one, with a ring of reflectors to direct sunlight to all the panels.

&amp;emsp;Layered growth adds new pressure shells over compartments outside the previous ones.  The outer shells are in vacuum, and provide radiation, meteor impact, and thermal shielding.  Inwards of that are pressurized areas for storage and mechanical equipment.  Then comes living quarters and a central open space.  The entire habitat rotates for artificial gravity.  As new layers are added, items are moved outwards to fill the larger space.  Compared to building a large habitat all at once, this spreads the construction cost over time, and the habitat is only expanded when extra space is needed.


==='''8.4 - Phase 4C: Inner Interplanetary Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''Inner Interplanetary Features'''


&amp;emsp;These are orbits detached from the Earth's dominant gravity and go around the Sun instead, though they may pass close to the Earth at times.  They range from as close as equipment can function to the Sun to 1.8 AU.  This is just beyond Mars' greatest distance from the Sun (1.666 AU) and where the Main Asteroid Belt starts.  It excludes Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, and orbits around them.

&amp;emsp;Solar power is available 100% of the time in these orbits, but the intensity varies from 31% to many times that near Earth, depending on Solar distance.  Exposed temperature correspondingly varies from 244K (-29C) to very hot for dark objects, and less for bright or reflective ones.  Travel time from Earth can range from months to years depending on orbit and propulsion method, and whether gravity assists from the planets are used.  These save fuel, but usually require extra time.

&amp;emsp;Solar and cosmic radiation are a moderately high background, with occasional flares/solar particle events that are much more intense, up to lethal human levels without shielding.  Ping time ranges from a few seconds for orbits crossing near Earth, to over 45 minutes at 1.8 AU on the far side of the Sun, by way of a relay satellite.  The Sun interrupts direct communication to the opposite side.  

&amp;emsp;As noted in section 2.1, there are nearly 32,000 known NEOs as of April 2023, and the number is currently increasing by 10% a year.  There are another 1500 which don't come closer than 1.3 AU to the Sun and orbit within 1.8 AU on average.  The largest among both sets, '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1036_Ganymed 1036 Ganymed]''' isn't particularly easy to reach, but has about 100 times the mass of all the rock ever mined on Earth.  So total material resources in this region is large.

&amp;emsp;Asteroid orbits vary in size, are typically not circular, and somewhat tilted with respect to Earth's, so the energy required to reach a particular one varies.  Timing also matters, since everything moves at different speeds in solar orbits.  Efficient travel depends on a vehicle and the target arriving at the same place at the same time.  The composition of asteroids vary across about a dozen spectral classes, indicating different chemical compositions.  

&amp;emsp;There are not many active comets in this region because the Sun's heat evaporates their ices in a short time.  About 25 '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft Minor Planets and Comets]''' have been visited by spacecraft so far.  Most of our knowledge is from telescopes and examining meteorites that have fallen to Earth, and sometimes radar if they come close to us.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;There are only a few spacecraft currently in this region.  They are mostly scientific probes in transit to other places, or stationed at the Earth-Sun Lagrange points 1 and 2 (ESL-1 and ESL-2).  Future use is likely to start with asteroid mining and delivery to Earth orbit with electric tugs.  About 75% of discovered  asteroids in this region are more than 30 meters in size.  This is due to limits of current telescopes rather than actual numbers, and may change with time.  30 meters implies a mass of 20-100 thousand tons depending on composition.  This is too heavy to move whole with near-term propulsion.  A method that should work with all sizes is scraping loose material or grabbing boulders from asteroid surfaces.  

&amp;emsp;Prior to mining, prospecting missions should visit multiple candidates for geologic mapping and sampling.  Mining would start with asteroids that are easy to reach from Earth orbit, and return bulk ore there to be processed.  As Earth orbits become more developed, they can start to send production and habitat equipment to this region in addition to mining.  Since raw materials and full-time solar energy are available, this can grow in time to full size factories and produce habitats, vehicles, and whatever else is needed locally.


:'''Inner Interplanetary Transport'''


&amp;emsp;The early transport in this region would be mainly slow but efficient electric tugs.  They can haul large loads of rock relative to their mass, up to 1000 tons for a 10 ton vehicle and 23 tons of propellant.  This will vary with the orbit destination and velocity changes needed.  Smaller cargo loads can be moved faster with the same propulsion.

&amp;emsp;'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_assist Gravity Assists]''' can be used if the Moon and inner planets are in the right positions.  Chemical rockets would be used when fast velocity changes are needed. Solar sails may be effective in moving things even more slowly but with no propellant use.  This depends on large lightweight reflectors delivered to or made in orbit.

&amp;emsp;Over time, a network of &quot;transit habitats&quot; can be built up.  These are stationed in repeating orbits between planets and particular destinations.  They would be larger, safer, and more comfortable than individual passenger vehicles.  They can self-supply from nearby asteroids.  This reduces having to send life support equipment and supplies each time for the relatively long trips in the region.

&amp;emsp;Rotating platforms called '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhook_(structure) Skyhooks]'''  can be built to provide both comfortable gravity and fast velocity changes.  The platform mass stores momentum from very efficient propulsion that can be exchanged with payloads arriving and departing.  The platform needs to be relatively heavy relative to each payload, so it doesn't change its own orbit much in use.  Natural asteroids, production &quot;slag&quot; (leftover material not used in products), and the platform's own structure and equipment can serve this purpose.  If traffic is balanced in direction, the net orbit change will be minimal.

&amp;emsp;Skyhooks can serve as a space equivalent to airports - mainly used to get from one place to another.  Like airports, they need enough traffic to justify their construction, and can be developed and upgraded over time.  Building them is easier if high strength materials can be produced locally in space.


:'''Inner Interplanetary Production'''


&amp;emsp;Global primary energy consumption on Earth was 18 TeraWatts in 2021.  This includes mining, processing, and manufacturing about 2 million kg/s of materials.  So the energy intensity of civilization is 9 MJ/kg on average.  We will double this to allow for recycling of materials in space, and add 8 km/s of orbit velocity change, requiring 300 MJ/kg of electric tug power.  That covers a reasonable range of interplanetary orbits.

&amp;emsp;Transportation rather than production is then the dominant energy use in this region for new materials that need delivery.  Modern space solar arrays typically product about 100 W/kg near Earth, and would take 36.8 days to produces the required 318 MJ.  With a useful life of 20 years, their total energy output is 200 times that needed to transport their own mass in raw materials and all other energy needed to make replacement panels.  Concentrating reflector and nuclear power sources are not yet developed enough for space to do calculate energy return ratios.  They may turn out better or worse than solar panels, but as long as we have one known energy source with a high return ratio, we can base space industry on it.

&amp;emsp;The same process of bootstrapping production in Earth orbits can be used in interplanetary space.  This starts with mining for export, then simple products made locally, and gradually growing to make more complex ones.  As distance from Earth increases, fewer raw materials would tend to from the Moon, and more from nearby asteroids.  These asteroids are of different types, which provides a reasonable variety of materials to work with.

&amp;emsp;If we restrict ourselves to within 20 degrees of the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic Ecliptic]''', to maintain access to the planets and keep velocity changes lower, we have access to 1/3 of the Sun's total energy, or 1.3 x 10^26 Watts.  This is 7 trillion times our current energy use, a number so large it is hard to imagine it could not sustain civilization.


:'''Living Beyond Earth Orbit'''


&amp;emsp;Once methods of living in orbits around Earth are developed in the previous phases, doing so in solar orbits beyond the Earth-Moon region can use the same basic technologies.  The main adjustments would be for available solar energy and temperature with distance from the Sun, and the kinds of materials found relatively nearby in velocity terms.  In space, velocity changes take work, while coasting to a destination merely takes time.

&amp;emsp;It isn't yet clear if a &quot;hunter-gatherer&quot; or &quot;sedentary&quot; lifestyle would be more effective.  The first means moving equipment to new asteroid locations as needed, while in the second the it stays in a particular orbit, and materials are brought to it.  Since everything is in relative motion around the Sun, opportunities will change with time.  So choosing a particularly useful asteroid as a home location may be a good strategy.


==='''8.5 - Phase 4D: Mid-Interplanetary Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Living and working in the next region out from the Sun is a smooth continuation of the previous phase, but is different in having lower levels of solar energy and much larger amounts of raw materials.


:'''Mid-Interplanetary Features'''

[[File:InnerSolarSystem-en.png|thumb|600x600px|Figure 8.5-1 - Main Asteroid Belt and Jupiter Trojan region.]]


&amp;emsp;This region includes orbits from 1.8 to 6.0 AU in semi-major axes (Figure 8.5-1).  As of 2023 this includes dwarf planet '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet) Ceres]''', 1.18 million other Main Belt asteroids, over 5600 '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_asteroid Hildas]''', which are in 3:2 resonance with Jupiter, and over 12,500 '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_trojan Jupiter Trojans]''' that occupy the Lagrange regions ahead of and behind the planet.  It does not include Jupiter itself and the region within 20 million km of the planet (Section 9.4).

&amp;emsp;There are around 450 known comets in the region.  The '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_line_(astrophysics) Frost Line]''' for water is in this region at 2.7-3.2 AU.  So this is where many comets become active (give off gas and dust), making them easier to find.  Hydrogen and oxygen are the 1st and 3rd most common elements, and helium (2nd) doesn't make compounds.  So water is the most common compound of two elements.  Objects beyond the frost line tend to have have large amounts of it.

&amp;emsp;Solar power is available 100% of the time except shadowed areas on and around objects.  Intensity varies from 31 to 2.78% of that near Earth.  Temperature varies from 244 to 217K (-29 to -56C) for black objects, and less for lighter colored ones.  Travel time from Earth is months to years on minimum energy transits, with high to lethal radiation levels for unprotected people.  Ping time varies from 13 to 120 minutes, including a relay to avoid a direct path through the Sun.

&amp;emsp;The vast and growing number of known objects in the region have a total mass of about 3 billion Gigatons, which far exceeds the Earth's total mining output of about 60 Gigatons/year.  About half the total mass is in the four '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_exceptional_asteroids Largest Asteroids]''': 1 Ceres, 4 Vesta, 2 Pallas, and 10 Hygeia.  Composition varies considerably between asteroids due to differences in their formation and history.  Velocity to reach orbit from the largest body, Ceres, is only 270 meters/second, or 860 times less kinetic energy than from Earth.  So all these objects are easy to access once you are near them.  The main energy cost is in adjusting your orbit around the Sun.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;This region has very few of spacecraft at present, so most uses are in the future.  Abundant raw materials of diverse composition, and adequate amounts of solar energy when concentrated, will enable mining and transport to earlier locations as early activities.  Previous locations have higher solar intensity for production and habitation.  When it makes sense to do so, seed factories and other advanced technologies can help bootstrap a full range of local industry, and eventually large scale habitation.  There is enough material and energy in this region to support a full civilization.


:'''Mid-Interplanetary Transport'''


&amp;emsp;The same transport methods can be used in this region as for the inner interplanetary region.  The main difference is adding reflectors to solar panels to make up for the lower solar intensity.  Electric catapults and skyhooks are somewhat more efficient for injecting bulk cargo to transfer orbits, because they do point acceleration rather than spiral orbits.  If a large asteroid absorbs the reaction force, they also don't need propellant.  Gravity assists from the inner planets and Jupiter can also increase efficiency.


:'''Mid-Interplanetary Production'''


&amp;emsp;The inner parts of this region have enough sunlight for solar panels to produce power directly.  In the outer regions, solar panels benefit from reflectors to increase the light intensity.  Concentrating reflectors can produce higher temperatures at all distances, either for industrial processes or habitats.  Increasing amounts of reflectors are needed as you get farther from the Sun, but they are inherently lightweight in a zero gravity environment with no weather.  Note that the total amount of solar energy available in this region is the same as for the Inner Interplanetary region.  It has simply traveled farther and is more spread out.  The difference is access to larger amounts of raw materials.

&amp;emsp;Asteroids are covered in a mixture of rocks and dust of varying sizes.  This is the result of repeated impacts over their life and gravitational attraction.  In fact, some asteroids are so low in density that they must be &quot;gravel piles&quot;, with no solid central body.  Since most asteroids are small, the rocks and dust are easily disturbed and can become a hazard to mining and production operations.  So material has to be removed carefully without too much disturbance.  Alternately the mining area or the whole asteroid can be covered to contain loose material.

&amp;emsp;More distant asteroids and comets contain water and other volatile compounds.  These can be extracted separately by heating.  Bulk or separated products are then moved by tugs to factories for later production steps.  For larger operations, a shell can surround the whole asteroid, keeping gas and dust contained.  Processing equipment can then be attached to the outside of the shell, and materials delivered continuously until the asteroid is consumed.  The mining and production unit can then move to another target, or the target moved to the unit, whichever is lighter.
 

==='''8.6 - Phase 4E: Outer Interplanetary Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;This region is again a continuation of the previous one, with even less solar energy and about 40 times more available materials.


:'''Outer Interplanetary Features'''


&amp;emsp;Outer interplanetary orbits range from 6 to 60 AU in semi-major axis.  The areas close to Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are excluded.  They are accounted for in Phase 5E (Section 9.5}.  As of 2023 there are over 500 known '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body) Centaur]''' objects.  These have orbits among the four giant planets, whose gravity makes them unstable over a few million years. There are also thousands of known '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object Trans-Neptune Objects]''' with orbits beyond that planet, making a total of about 3800 in this region.  Some, like Pluto and Eris, are large enough to be considered '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet Dwarf Planets]'''.  The remainder are in the range of 15 to 850 km, with the lower end set by our current telescopes' ability to find them.  There are undoubtedly smaller ones that are undiscovered.  

&amp;emsp;Available solar power is low, from 2.78% to 0.0278% of near-Earth values.  This requires large reflectors to increase intensity, nuclear fission or fusion (if developed), or beamed energy from closer to the Sun.  Ambient temperatures are extremely cold, from 160 to 50K for black objects, and lower for lighter ones.  Travel time from Earth is typically many years, with high to occasionally lethal radiation levels for unprotected people. Ping time is 1.4 to 17 hours.

&amp;emsp;The number of known objects is much smaller than the Mid-Interplanetary region, but their mass is roughly 40 times larger - about 2% of Earth or nearly double the Moon.  With increasing distance from the Sun, gases and ices with lower boiling points condensed from the original Solar Nebula.  So there is more water, ammonia, nitrogen and other frozen materials, along with rocks and metals.  The distinction between asteroid and frozen comet becomes fuzzy, so we call all of them 'objects' and the smaller ones 'minor planets'.


:'''Outer Interplanetary Activities'''


&amp;emsp;This region is likely too far to use with current technology.  Activities beyond science and exploration are far enough in the future that technology is likely to change in unexpected directions.  When  other activities would start and what they will be is undertain, but we can speculate based on what we know today.  The raw materials in the region are different than those closer to the Sun.  So the first activities are likely to be mining materials scarce closer to the Sun, and bringing them to where there is more energy to process them.  

&amp;emsp;Due to weak sunlight in this region, nuclear propulsion and gravity assists from the larger bodies are likely to be major transport methods.  The solar system has a limited amount of natural '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide Radionuclides]''' that can produce useful power levels.  If '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power Fusion Power]''' is not developed enough, they can be made artificially near the Sun where abundant energy is available.  If nuclear fusion is well developed, there is abundant hydrogen from which fusion fuels can be produced.

&amp;emsp;As distance increases from the Sun, orbit velocities and required velocity changes decrease as the square root of.  Solar flux decreases faster, as the inverse square of distance.  So solar sails become less effective than for closer regions.  Beamed energy from close to the Sun is a possibility.  It requires large optics to focus the beam to a reasonable size at destinations in the region.

&amp;emsp;We don't expect a lot of production here at first.  Water and nitrogen are very useful and found in large amounts.  Transport would be slow using minimum energy trajectories.  If there is enough demand, a &quot;pipeline&quot; of bulk cargoes in transit could be set up, with vehicles at each end to set them on course and collect them at the end.  The cargo can coast in between, saving on vehicle use.  Once the pipeline is filled, then cargoes arrive on a regular schedule.  

&amp;emsp;If lightweight solar reflectors or fusion are developed enough, a full economy based on them may develop, with full production and habitation.  We don't see a strong reason to live this far out rather than the warmer and brighter inner regions, but such reasons may develop.


==='''8.7 - Phase 4F: Distant Orbit Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The previous three phases are called 'interplanetary' because they are among or near the eight known major planets.  This last region is beyond all of them so we call it 'distant'.


:'''Distant Orbit Features'''


&amp;emsp;Distant orbits range from 60 AU in semi-major axis to the limits of the Sun's dominance at about 100,000 AU.  As of 2023 there are about 1200 known asteroids and comets in the region.  It includes about 650 '''[https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html Scattered Disk]''' and '''[https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_tnos.html Trans-Neptune]''' objects, and a similar number of 
'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_long-period_comets Long Period]''' and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_near-parabolic_comets Near Parabolic]''' comets.

&amp;emsp;A few of these objects belong to much larger and more distant populations known as the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hills_cloud Hills]''' and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oort_cloud Oort Clouds]'''.  For our purposes we define these as orbits with axes from 2000-10,000 AU and 10,000 to where passing stars, gas clouds, and galactic tides make orbits unstable.  This is roughly 100,000 AU.  The existence of comets whose orbits extend to these distances argues for the cloud's existence.  Otherwise no active comets would be left after billions of years.  Their total number and mass is only guessed at, but may be billions to trillions and multiples of the Earth's mass.  There is some evidence to suspect a major planet is also in this region.

&amp;emsp;Current telescopes are limited to finding objects within about 80 AU from the Sun.  So only the ones that come within the 60-80 AU range at their closest ''and'' are currently at the near end of their orbits have been found to date.  We expect to find many more objects in the region as telescopes improve.  Active comets from distant orbits which come close to the Sun give us some information on composition from the gas and dust they emit.

&amp;emsp;Solar energy is very weak in this region, below 0.0278% of that near Earth, and temperatures are extremely cold, from 50K down to near the cosmic background of 2.7K.  Travel time with current propulsion technology is many years to centuries.  Ping time ranges from 14 hours to 3 years.  


:'''Distant Orbit Activities'''


&amp;emsp;Our current information about objects in this region is poor.  So any uses beyond science and exploration are deferred to the far future.  When that time comes, though, there is a very large reserve of materials that can be put to use.  One identified use is the Sun acting as a gravitational lens, with a focus around 800 AU from the Sun, in the Scattered Disk region.  Placing telescopes directly opposite a star of interest would allow much more detailed observations than otherwise possible, because of the 2 million km optical diameter of the Sun as a lens.

&amp;emsp;To keep transport times within reason, very high energy propulsion would be needed, such as nuclear fusion.  Since the light elements needed for fusion are common in these outer regions, this could be self-fueling once set up.  Unfortunately, fusion is not yet a viable technology.  Transport that uses it remains speculative at present.  Due to the low to nearly non-existent solar energy in this region, nuclear energy sources would likely be needed to even consider local production.  Production must remain speculative at present.

=='''9.0 - Planetary System Locations'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The planetary systems of Phase 5 are different in several ways from the orbital locations in Phase 4 and from each other.  Specific designs are needed to handle the differences, so we identify separate sub-phases for each.  First are their gravity fields, which require energy to travel through and create significant surface gravity.  Second are their large sizes relative objects in the orbital regions, and third is the diversity of conditions found on and around the planets.

&amp;emsp;Reasons to use planetary systems include access to the different raw materials available, relief of Earth's biosphere by moving industry off-planet, and some people's preference for natural environments.  As with orbital locations, the start of each sub-phase is staggered from nearest to furthest, and is preceded by orbital transport that can reach them carrying useful amounts of equipment.  So Phase 4 and 5 projects will overlap in time.


==='''9.1 - Phase 5A: Lunar Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Earth is one of the eight major planets in the Solar System.  It is already occupied and developed, and we covered using our technical approach earlier in this report.  We also covered most orbits around Earth in Sections 8.2 and 8.3.  The exception was the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon Moon]''' and the area around it.  We place it here among other planetary systems since lunar activities are more similar to those for smaller planets and the larger moons of the other planets.


:'''Lunar Features'''


&amp;emsp;The Lunar region includes the Moon itself, and orbits with semi-major axes below 35,000 km .  These are close enough to be relatively stable.  Lunar orbits in general are somewhat unstable.  The Moon has mass concentrations from past impacts that create an uneven gravity field (Figure 9.1-1).  The Earth and Sun are also much more massive than the Moon, and have significant effects on objects orbiting it ([https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0038094617070061 ''Gordienko, 2018'']).

&amp;emsp;The Moon has the same average distance from the Sun as the Earth, so available solar energy and basic temperatures ranges are the same.  Sunlight is partly blocked in lower Lunar orbits, and blocked about 50% of the time on the surface over a 29.5 day cycle.  Surface gravity averages 1.62 m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, or 1/6th of Earth, with a total variation of 0.025 m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; by location.

&amp;emsp;Escape velocity from the Lunar surface is 2380 m/s, or 21% of Earth.  So escape energy is only 4.5% of Earth's.  Low orbit velocities are 1680 m/s or less, and 700 m/s more is needed to escape from them.  Circular orbit velocity at the upper edge of the region is 375 m/s, and escape is an added 155 m/s.  Surface area of the Moon is 37.93 million km^2 measured horizontally, or about one quarter of the Earth's land area.  Sloped terrain increase the total exposed surface area.

[[File:Moon_gravity_acceleration_map_LGM2011.jpg|thumb|right|800x450px|Figure 9.1-1 - Lunar surface gravity map.  Near side on left, far side on right.]]

&amp;emsp;Earth is only 81.3 times the Moon's mass.  So the center of mass of both averages 1/4 of the way down from the Earth's surface to it's center.  Both move around this center every 27.3 days with respect to the stars.  Since both also orbit the Sun, the Moon's orbit and day lengths are not the same.  

&amp;emsp;The Moon is tidally locked to Earth, and keeps approximately the same side facing us.  It is not exact because the Moon's orbit is not circular, it has a slight residual pendulum motion, and we have different vantage points from the Earth's surface.  So about 59% of its surface can be seen from Earth over time.  The two hemispheres are called the &quot;near&quot; and &quot;far&quot; sides.  There is no &quot;dark&quot; side, since both get sunlight during a lunar day.  

&amp;emsp;Orbits around the Moon vary from 108 minutes close to the surface, to 6.8 days for the largest ones in the region.  Travel time from Earth is 3-4 days for direct transfer orbits.  Electric propulsion is much more efficient, but also much slower.  Without shielding, travel to and staying on and around the Moon can expose people to lethal radiation levels.  This is from Earth's radiation belts, solar, and cosmic sources.  Ping time from Earth to the Lunar region varies from 2.2 to 2.94 seconds, depending on where in the region, and the Moon's distance in it's orbit.  This includes satellite relay time if communicating with areas that can't be seen directly from Earth.

&amp;emsp;The Moon has a somewhat variable and reasonably well understood '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_the_Moon Geology]'''.  This is known from a number of lander and orbital missions, some of which returned samples, and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_meteorite Lunar Meteorites]''' thrown to Earth by impacts.  Broadly, the surface is oxide minerals with silicon, iron, calcium, aluminum, and magnesium, in order of abundance, and 3-4% other elements.

&amp;emsp;The Moon is too small and warm to keep an atmosphere.  With nothing to stop them, the surface has been heavily cratered and broken up by repeated impacts of all sizes.  The result is a '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_soil Regolith]''' or lunar soil that has been tossed around many times.  It is a mix of the original crust and the remains of impacting objects.  There is no weathering like on Earth, but the solar wind can charge dust particles which then move, and temperature cycles cause rocks to crack near the surface.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;The Lunar region is embedded in the High Orbit region, and reaching it from Earth is possible with current and near-term transport.  Science and exploration activities are already in progress.  Further development can start as soon as there are economic reasons for it.  The first uses are likely to be local on the surface, and from the Moon's relative closeness to populated satellite orbits and low energy to reach these orbits.  For example, some '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_water Water]''' appears to be trapped in cold polar craters on the Moon.  It has multiple uses, and could be delivered relatively efficiently to high and low Earth orbits.    

&amp;emsp;Regolith mining can supply enough materials for much larger projects on the Moon and nearby orbits.  The loose surface layer averages 5 meters thick across the whole Moon.  It can be collected without using heavy equipment and totals about 300,000 Gigatons, or 7,000 years of Earth's total stone and sand mining in 2020.  Projects that use lunar (and asteroid) materials are not as limited by launch mass and cost from Earth, so they can use simpler and heavier designs.  In the future, production that uses lots of energy, or have hazards and side effects, could be moved to space to reduce the burden on Earth's environment.

&amp;emsp;Satellites that beam energy to Earth is one possibility.  If this can be done economically, it might become the largest export market from orbit.  Renewable energy on Earth is now relatively low cost, but it is variable and some places have poor conditions for using it.  There is 10 times more solar energy in space than such places and it is more predictable.  So it may prove useful, despite the extra cost of building in space.


:'''Lunar Transport'''


&amp;emsp;Early landings on the Moon would not have the support of much infrastructure.  They would use current high thrust chemical rockets to access the surface.  At first, all propellants would come from Earth.  Water from polar lunar craters can supply 83.5% of methane/oxygen propellant, and and also life support supplies, reducing the mass needed from Earth.  Carbonaceous type asteroids contain up to 20% carbon compounds and water.  These can be reformed chemically to CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and fully replace Earth supplies.  How much would come from each source will depend on cost and availability. 

&amp;emsp;Over time, chemical propulsion can be replaced by more efficient methods.  As mentioned in Section 8.3, an electric catapult can deliver 1000 times a solar array's mass per year from the surface to Lunar orbit.  Electric propulsion can then move lunar and asteroid materials a common orbit for processing.  High orbits around the Moon or Earth are preferred for their near-full time sunlight and a combined low velocity to reach.  Both propellants and other products can be made with processing and manufacturing equipment in the same location.  
 
&amp;emsp;Lunar basalt and carbon from asteroids can be used to make high strength fibers.  These can be used to build an efficient skyhook system in lunar orbit.  Such a system makes sense if there is enough traffic to the Moon.  If the tip velocity is equal to orbit velocity they cancel, and trips to the lunar surface would need very little fuel.  A lander can be dropped off and picked up at low altitude.  It would not be dropped directly on the surface because of the variable gravity field and heights of lunar mountains and crater walls.

&amp;emsp;If the skyhook is in near-polar orbit, it can access any point on the surface every 15 days as the Moon rotates below it.  Using other angles of the skyhook's rotation, and by climbing to different distances from the center, arrival and departure directions and speeds up to 1.41 times lunar escape are possible.  Catching and releasing vehicles affects the skyhook's orbit.  If traffic is balanced in direction and mass, and the skyhook is massive enough, it is a temporary change.  If traffic is more in one direction than the other, the difference can be made up by electric propulsion at high efficiency.

&amp;emsp;Low gravity is known to be harmful to people. If the skyhook radius is about 250 km, the tip acceleration will be about 1 g, which avoids this problem.  A large supply of lunar materials can supply shielding.  With these people can live comfortably and safely.  They are close enough to the lunar surface to operate equipment by remote control in real time.  Alternate solutions are using rotating habitats on the surface or limiting stay times.


:'''Lunar Production'''


&amp;emsp;The advantages of using the Moon are relative closeness to high orbits, and low energy to move cargo.  But there are few low boiling-point materials left on the Moon, because it formed in a molten state, suffered many high energy impacts and early tidal heating, and is too small to keep an atmosphere.  A fully-developed space economy would need to supplement lunar materials with those from nearby asteroids and from Earth.  Some materials are too rare to usefully mine in space, and some products are too hard or expensive to make there relative to delivery from Earth.  So two-way trade can develop for lunar activities to support themselves.

&amp;emsp;Early Lunar production can start with mining bulk regolith for radiation/thermal/impact protection, and polar ice for propellant and life support.  These don't need a lot of complex equipment.  More energy-intensive and complex processes like vacuum oxide reduction and  '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbothermic_reaction Carbothermic Reactions]''' can separate oxygen and various metals from the regolith.  Seed factory equipment can be used to bootstrap making other products for local use and export.  As better transport systems are installed in sequence, the cost of delivery elsewhere will decrease.

&amp;emsp;Solar energy will likely be the dominant energy source for lunar production.  Silicon for solar cells, aluminum for reflectors, and other metals for structures are widely available from the regolith to provide solar power.  However some craters with water are permanently shadowed, the lunar night is two weeks long, and large solar plants are not very portable.  So other energy sources may be useful.

&amp;emsp;Some regions of the Lunar surface contain ~10 parts per million Uranium and Thorium.  The ore has an energy content of about 800 MJ/kg (20 times that of coal on Earth).  Helium-3 has been proposed as a fusion fuel to be mined from the Moon.  Although the energy content of pure He-3 is 200 TJ/kg, the concentration is only 15 parts per billion or less, resulting in an ore content of only 3 MJ/kg.  So fissionable elements are a better energy source on the Moon in terms of energy produced per ton of mined ore.

&amp;emsp;Other energy sources for the Moon can include the rims of shadowed craters, where sunlight is highly available, microwave or laser beamed power across terrain or from orbit, and even fuel cells or batteries for portable power.  Thermal energy storage is an option using the vast amount of rocks and dust as the storage medium, and the natural vacuum as insulation.  The material is heated during the day by sunlight, and the heat used to generate power during the Lunar night.


:'''Living in Lunar Locations'''


&amp;emsp;Low gravity is known to be harmful, so long-term habitats on the Lunar surface may require rotation to create artificial gravity.  An example would be a large habitat dome for spaciousness, and a centrifuge built around the rim for living quarters.  Residents would spend enough time in the centrifuge to maintain health, but could work and enjoy the low gravity the rest of the time.

&amp;emsp;We have essentially no data on how much gravity is enough between zero and 1.0.  We know the body deteriorates over time in zero gravity.  So as a worst case, people would need to spend most of their time in a one gee environment of some type, but this subject needs more research.  Another option is limiting permanent stay times on the surface.  People would live mostly in orbit with artificial gravity and operate most equipment by remote control.

&amp;emsp;The other requirements for people to live and work in the lunar region have mostly been solved by existing space stations, and using bulk materials for shielding.  One exception is lunar dust, which is abrasive, toxic, and is everywhere on the surface.  Various methods to deal with it have been proposed, but R&amp;D is needed to figure out which work best.


==='''9.2 - Phase 5B: Mars Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars Mars]''' is next among planetary locations in terms of velocity and time to reach, and the environment conditions there.  It is a large step beyond the Moon, but Mars is within the inner interplanetary region (Section 8.4) that Earth also occupies.  So we expect Martian activities to start after some level of development of the region in-between.


:'''Mars Features'''


&amp;emsp;The Mars region includes the planet, two small moons, and reasonably stable orbits with semi-major axes  up to 340,000 km (100 radii).  Its orbit around the Sun is 9.3% eccentric, varying from 1.38 to 1.67 AU in distance.  Solar flux varies with distance from 494 to 716 W/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, or 36 to 52.5% of that near Earth.  Surface gravity varies from 3.683 to 3.743 m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, a 1.6% range, with a reference value of 3.711 (3/8ths of Earth).  Lower values are near the equator and atop tall mountains, while higher values are at lower altitudes in the north polar region and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellas_Planitia Hellas]''' basin.

&amp;emsp;Ping time from Earth varies from 6 to 45 minutes, depending on relative orbital position and need for a relay satellite to avoid the Sun.  Unprotected radiation levels range from high to lethal, but the Mars surface and its moons provide ample material for shielding.

&amp;emsp;Escape velocity from the surface is 5,027 m/s, and is 502 m/s at the upper edge of the orbital region.  Circular orbit velocities are 70.7% of escape.  This ratio holds for orbits around any body.  Escape energy is 20% that of Earth.  Orbits around Mars vary from 100 minutes for low ones to 70 days at the edge of the region.  Surface area of Mars is 144.8 million km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, or 97% of Earth's land area.  Day length is 24h 40m, slightly longer than Earth, and the Martian year is 1.881 Earth years.  Travel times vary according to the relative positions of Mars and Earth, and the transport method used.  When aligned, minimum energy orbits average 7 months one way.

&amp;emsp;The moons '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phobos_(moon) Phobos]''' and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deimos_(moon) Deimos]''' have near-circular orbits of with 9,377 and 23,460 km radius.  They have mean diameters of  22.5 and 12.4 km, but are irregular shapes.  They have a combined mass of 12,800 Gigatons, or 290 years of Earth's rock and sand mining.  This is a significant orbital resource.  They are likely collected impact debris, so similar to Mars in composition.

[[File:Generalised_Geological_Map_of_Mars.jpg|thumb|700x1024px|Figure 9.2-1 - Generalized geologic map of Mars.]]

&amp;emsp;The atmosphere is 96% CO2, a bit under 2% each Argon and Nitrogen, and an assortment of trace gases.  Surface pressure varies from 30 Pascals at the top of Olympus Mons to 1155 Pascals in the Hellas basin.  The high value is 1.14% of sea-level pressure on Earth.  Pressure varies by 30% annually, as some of the CO2 freezes and evaporates at the poles.  Surface temperatures vary from 120 to 293K (-153 to 20 C), depending on latitude and season.  Typical day-night variation is 70K/C because the atmosphere does not have much thermal mass.

&amp;emsp;Mars has quite a varied surface geology, as a result of internal melting and vulcanism, impacts, and much higher levels of water and atmospheric pressure earlier in it's history (Figure 9.2-1 from '''[http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/ USGS Map 3292, 2014]'''). There is significant amounts of water in the soil as hydrates, permafrost, and in thick dusty ice caps.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;Human activity in the region can begin with a scientific outpost.  It would be an extension of existing robotic exploration, and Phase 4C activity among asteroids in the surrounding region (Section 8.4).  The outpost and relay satellites are placed in orbit close enough to Mars for real-time remote control.  Surface robots carry out science and sample collection at first, with some samples returned to the outpost for further analysis.  Most outpost supplies can come from Mars' moons and nearby asteroids.  

&amp;emsp;Over time, other robots and equipment are delivered to the surface to start to preparing for people.  Once enough supplies and basic production are in place, they can start to visit.  This approach delays risking people on the surface until a supply chain and reliable two-way transportation is available.

&amp;emsp;As more production capacity is built up on Mars and surrounding orbits, it can start to transition from science to prospecting for unique resources, building up local habitation, and a full economy.  Since Mars has almost the same land area as Earth, there is plenty of room to do this.  Building up activities in the Mars region would be a relatively small extension from previous regions.  So it is not a large cost burden, but rather an investment in further growth.


:'''Mars Transport'''


&amp;emsp;In Phases 4B and 4C (sections 8.3 and 8.4 above), electric tugs were used to move asteroid materials back to Earth/Moon orbits for processing.  To expand towards Mars, the same type of tugs move materials from Near Earth or Near Mars orbits to specific '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_cycler Mars Cycler]''' orbits.  These orbits allow repeat flybys of Earth and Mars using gravity assists.  Given the many thousands of asteroids in the interplanetary region, some of them have low velocity to and from a cycler orbit.

&amp;emsp;Other tugs deliver habitat modules and initial processing equipment from near Earth to the same orbit.  The raw asteroid materials are distributed around the habitat for radiation shielding, and used as a counterweight for artificial gravity.  At the next opportunity a crew meets up with the new &quot;Mars Transfer Station&quot;, and begins to process the raw materials into fuel, air, water, metals, etc.  They also establish a greenhouse to produce food.  When raw materials run low, a tug is sent to another nearby asteroid to get more.

&amp;emsp;Whenever the Transfer Station is near Earth, new crew, equipment, and supplies can be delivered.  Crew aboard the transfer station are safe from radiation hazards, have gravity to maintain health, and can eventually produce most of what they need themselves.  The Station can be used multiple times to bring new crews to Mars, saving mass over carrying a life support system and supplies for every trip.  Cargo besides people can travel to the Mars region directly with tugs.

&amp;emsp;When the transfer station is built up enough, a set of crew detach and inject into Mars orbit.  The Martian moons then become a source of materials in addition to nearby asteroids.  Eventually enough propellants are produced locally for trips to the planet's surface.

&amp;emsp;Chemical rockets consume a lot of propellants traveling back and forth from the surface.  In the longer term, some combination of skyhook and surface catapult can replace most of that.  These would be large projects, but the propellant savings for each trip makes up for it.  Carbon from asteroids or the moons, and basalt from Mars, can be used to make the strong fibers for such systems.

&amp;emsp;Skyhooks can start small with low capacity, but their orbit parameters and timing would be shifted from bulk going up.  Linear or rotary electric catapults on the surface are attached to the planet and not affected this way.  To limit drag losses they would be built on the large Martian volcanoes.  Mixed use of both systems is also possible.  It is too early to choose among these or other options, but chemical rockets are inefficient.  In the long run something better would be preferred.


:'''Mars Production'''


&amp;emsp;Like other phases of our program, the production in the region starts with mining raw materials for basic products with ready-to-use equipment.  Seed factory equipment is delivered to orbit and the surface as needed.  This bootstraps more diverse, larger scale, and advanced production.  The supply chain from Earth and intermediate regions supports this with regular deliveries.

&amp;emsp;Mars has a different history than asteroids, so it likely has sources of volatile compounds and minerals not common in the orbital regions.  Very efficient bulk transport is desirable for an export market to develop.  Because the gravity well of Mars requires large-scale systems to do this, exports may not be economic right away, but rather need a build-up period in the region first.


:'''Living in Mars Locations'''


&amp;emsp;Living in the orbital region around Mars would be similar to high orbits around Earth or the interplanetary region that surrounds both.  There would be minor differences in available solar energy and local material sources.  Living on the surface would require adapting designs to local conditions of gravity, temperature, and other parameters.  Since gravity is 3/8 Earth normal, that includes how to maintain health for people and other living things.  Example methods are body weights and rotating habitats.

&amp;emsp;'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming Terraforming]''' Mars has often been suggested because it is already the most similar place to Earth.  Doing this for a small population is likely too much effort for the amount of use it would get.  When the population gets large enough or technology has advanced enough the local population (Martians) can decide if terraforming makes sense.  Self-improving production systems can make such a project easier.

&amp;emsp;An alternate approach is to use habitat domes to provide a feeling of being outdoors.  Internal pressure would be much higher than outside.  So lightweight domes need a lot of structure and anchoring to avoid lifting off the ground.  Domes can be weighted down by bulk soil and rock, or using thick glass.  These also provide radiation, temperature, and impact protection.  


==='''9.3 - Phase 5C: Venus and Mercury Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus Venus]''' and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet) Mercury]''' are the next in difficulty after Mars.  They have abundant solar energy available, but as a result are mostly very hot.  There are relatively few nearby asteroids to start orbital development with.


:'''Venus and Mercury Features'''


&amp;emsp;The Venus and Mercury regions include the planets, and relatively stable orbits within 600,000 and 100,000 km of their centers, respectively.  Like Earth they are embedded in the Inner Interplanetary region (Section 8.4). They have no known moons.  So the main interest is the planets themselves and activity around them.  Venus' orbit is nearly circular at 0.723 AU, while Mercury's is 20% eccentric and varies from 0.307 to 0.467 AU.

&amp;emsp;Solar flux is 1.9 times higher than near Earth at Venus, and 4.6-10.6 times higher at Mercury. Equilibrium temperatures in sunlight are 17% and 46-80% higher in Kelvin.  The surface temperature is 735K (462 C) for Venus, from a thick atmosphere with a strong greenhouse effect.  Mercury ranges from below 100K in shadowed polar craters, to as high as 700K at the sub-solar point at perihelion.  A given location can vary nearly this whole temperature range due to a 58.6 day rotation period.  Venus's rotation takes 243 days, but the atmosphere mostly eliminates temperature changes.

&amp;emsp;Venus' surface gravity is 8.87 m/s^2 (90% of Earth), and Mercury's is 3.7 m/s^2, the same as for Mars.  Escape velocities are 10.36 and 4.25 km/s from their surfaces and 1,041 and 664 m/s from the outer edge of their regions. Orbits range from 90 minutes to 59 days around Venus, and 85 minutes to 15.5 days around Mercury.  Ping times from Earth vary from 4.3 to 30 minutes for Venus, and 9 to 25 minutes for Mercury.  Travel times by least energy transfer orbits are 4.8 and 3.5 months respectively.

&amp;emsp;The '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Venus Geology of Venus]''' appears to be mostly volcanic, and it has lost most of its water to space.  The atmosphere has a surface pressure of 9.2 MPa (90.8 times Earth), and is composed of 96.5% CO2 and 3.5% Nitrogen, with some trace gases.  While it is very hot at the surface, moderate pressures of 0.5 times Earth and temperatures around 27 C exist at 55 km altitude.  Mercury has only a trace atmosphere, and a '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicate_mineral Silicate]''' surface about 40% O, 25% Si, 11% Mg, 6% Al, 4% each Ca and Fe, and 2% S.  Polar regions can have surprisingly moderate average temperatures, and water ice has been found in shadowed polar craters


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;Near-term use of Venus and Mercury is more difficult because of the higher velocity to reach them and generally hostile temperatures.  Scoop-mining gases from the upper reaches of Venus' atmosphere is a possibility.  In the mid-term, floating habitats are possible at altitudes where temperature and pressure are reasonable.  Polar stations on Mercury can take advantage of lower average temperatures with proper insulation.  In the long term asteroid iron or aluminum can be used for orbiting sunshades to cool both planets where needed.

&amp;emsp;Reducing temperature lowers the scale height of Venus' atmosphere, and preferentially lowers the pressure of the high altitude regions of the planet, making them more accessible.  There is the possibility that low enough temperatures will promote carbonation of the volcanic surface minerals, further lowering pressures, and that this process can be enhanced artificially.  If the surface conditions can be made more tolerable, then large scale access to raw materials plus high energy available in orbit could promote industry.

&amp;emsp;It takes 7 to 12 km/s velocity change to travel from near Earth to the Venus and Mercury orbit regions, and therefore 0.15 and 0.27 kg of propellant per kg cargo using electric thrusters.  This does not account for gravity assists or skyhook transfers.  These require 263 and 474 MJ of solar power respectively.  If the cargo is all solar arrays, or equivalent thermal power generation, they will produce an additional 13.75 and 91.5 MJ/day added power output, and repay the extra energy use in 19 and 5.2 days respectively.  So energy-intensive processes highly favor going closer to the Sun.


:'''Venus and Mercury Transport'''


&amp;emsp;Higher orbit speeds as you get closer to the Sun means more velocity changes are needed to reach them.  Like elsewhere, gravity assists and skyhook systems can help do this more efficiently.  Solar-powered electric propulsion is quite viable closer to the Sun.  Solar flux increases faster then velocity changes, so this introduces the possibility of solar sails as an additional transport method in the inner regions.  The advantage of solar sails is they do not consume propellant.  But in the outer Solar System low solar energy makes them very slow.

&amp;emsp;For example, reflected sunlight provides 15.5 Newtons/km^2 at Venus, and a 1 micron thick Magnesium-Aluminum sail would mass 2400 kg/km^2.  This generates 558 m/s/day acceleration for the bare sail.  This is reduced by the remaining structure and cargo mass, and by angling the sail to control thrust direction.  This acceleration is comparable to that for electric propulsion using solar array mass near Earth.  A combined system can take advantage of reduced propellant use from a sail and wider thrust angles from the electric engines.  


:'''Venus and Mercury Production'''


&amp;emsp;Production in the Venus and Mercury regions would likely start in orbit as an extension of Inner Interplanetary activity.  The higher solar flux relative to energy needed to reach inner orbits favors processes that need lots of energy.  Raw materials can come from nearby and imported asteroid sources, and possibly scoop mining gas from Venus orbit.  There are only 59 known asteroids whose orbit is entirely inside Earth's, and less than 2500 others whose orbit is smaller than Earth's and cross inside of it.  This is only 0.2% of the total known, so many materials may have to be imported from farther away.

&amp;emsp;Habitats to support production, with artificial gravity, thermal, and radiation shielding can be built in more developed regions and transported to Venus and Mercury orbit to start with.  Surface catapults are possible from Mercury's polar regions, where temperatures are more moderate.  The combination of materials delivered at least partly by solar sailing and abundant solar energy should allow production to grow in time.


:'''Living at Venus and Mercury'''


&amp;emsp;Living in orbits around the two planets would be similar to the nearby interplanetary region, and not require much new design.  The planets themselves are mostly hostile in their current state, so we expect few other habitats would be built beyond possible science and exploration outposts in the mid-term.  If planet-scale terraforming becomes feasible, mostly by blocking excess sunlight, non-industrial habitats may develop in the long-term.


==='''9.4 - Phase 5D: Jupiter System Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;Development of the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter Jupiter System]''' would likely follow the Mid-Interplanetary (Section 8.5), as its orbit is near the outer edge of that region.  It isn't clear if the Jupiter region will be easier or harder to develop than Venus and Mercury.


:'''Jupiter System Features'''


&amp;emsp;The Jupiter System includes the largest planet in the Solar System (317.8 Earth masses), and reasonably stable orbits around it with semi-major axes less 25 million km.  It includes four '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_moons Galilean Moons]''' more than 3000 km diameter, named as a group after their discoverer.  As of 2023 there are 91 known '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter Smaller Moons]''' from 1-170 km in size.  The larger moons can support their own reaxonably stable orbits, and can be used for gravity assists to change orbits in the Jupiter system.  

&amp;emsp;Solar flux varies from 3.3-4.1% of that near Earth, so concentrating reflectors are useful in this region.  Escape velocity is 59.5 km/s from just above the atmosphere, or an added 24.6 km/s from low orbit. Escape is 3.11 km/s from the edge of the region. Orbit periods range from 174 minutes to 2.26 years.  Travel time from Earth by minimum energy orbit is 2.7 years, while gravity assists and other propulsion methods can increase or decrease the time.  Ping time is 1.06 to 1.85 hours, depending on relative orbit locations.

&amp;emsp;Jupiter has a strong magnetic field which creates intense radiation belts.  This ranges from high to immediately deadly levels for unprotected people, and can rapidly degrade even shielded electronics.  Outside these belts, the usual solar and galactic radiation is still a hazard.  Temperature in Jupiter System orbits are about 217K (-56 C) for black objects, and less for lighter colored ones.  Jupiter is a Gas Giant, and therefore has no solid surface.  The atmosphere is 90% Hydrogen, 10% Helium, plus trace gases.  Orbit minus rotation velocity is 29.5 km/s, making it very difficult to access the planet itself or even mine the atmopshere from orbit.

&amp;emsp;The four large moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) orbit 0.422, 0.671, 1.07, and 1.88 million km from Jupiter in nearly circular orbits.  They have a combined surface area of 232.8 million km^2, or 1.56 times the land area of Earth.  They have negligible atmospheres.  All four are tidally locked to Jupiter, so their days are equal to their orbit periods of 1.77, 3.55, 7.15, and 16.7 days.  Surface gravity varies from 1.23 to 1.80 m/s^2, or 12.5 to 18.4% of Earth.

&amp;emsp;Io's surface is volcanic deposits and sulfur compounds.  The other three large moons are either entirely or partially covered in ice, with various minerals and frozen compounds making up the rest of their surfaces.  Surface temperatures of the large moons range from 70-165K, except for volcanic hot spots on Io, and vary mostly by latitude and how close they are to Jupiter, which determines how much reflected light they get on the near side.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;Use of the Jupiter System would likely follow the Main Belt and Trojan locations in Phase 4D.  There are 12,500 Jupiter Trojans vs 91 smaller moons around Jupiter, and the Trojans are much larger in total mass.  Since Jupiter's gravity well requires more velocity to navigate, there is no particular reason to use the smaller moons except as a way to access the larger ones.  The outer Jovian moons are likely captured asteroids, and are the same Solar distance as the Trojan group.  So they don't represent new technical challenges.

&amp;emsp;The large moons together have 6.6% of Earth's mass, or 5.4 times that of Earth's Moon.  They can be a very large source of materials, with some significant variations in composition.  Early uses are likely to be mining-based, with return of materials to more developed regions.  Even the largest moon, Ganymede, has a low enough orbit velocity that a catapult or skyhook can deliver directly to orbit, after which an electric tug can transport it elsewhere.  Water is widely available in the Jupiter System, both for life support and propellant.  High radiation close to the planet requires careful design for habitats and electronics.  Remote control from a safe distance is a possibility.


:'''Jupiter System Transport'''


&amp;emsp;Transport from the Mid-Interplanetary region and closer to Earth can start with electric propulsion, and for people use shielded habitat modules.  High-thrust landers can be used to start with for the large moons, while skyhooks and catapults can be brought or built later for higher efficiency.  Since these would already be developed for previous locations, not much new design would be needed except for radiation protection close to the planet.  Transfer habitats in cyclic orbits with heavily shielded sections is a design option.  Those sections are used when when close to the planet.  We don't expect to land on or mine Jupiter itself until far in the future because of the extremely high energy required.  The other Gas Giants are easier to access and have milder radiation belts.


:'''Jupiter System Production'''


&amp;emsp;Growth of local production follows the usual path of mining first, then bringing seed factory equipment to bootstrap other industries.  The smaller outer moons can be an early source of fuel and water.  Rocky and metallic materials may need to be imported from the surrounding regions, depending on the composition of the moons.  Large reflectors would be a desirable early product to generate power and heat.


:'''Living in the Jupiter System'''


&amp;emsp;Living in the outer parts of the Jupiter system is very similar to the Trojan asteroid regions, as they are the same average distance from the Sun.  Only '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callisto_(moon) Callisto]''' among the large moons has tolerable radiation levels at its surface.  The closer moons and orbits around and among them require significant shielding.  Water is a good shielding material, and all the large moons have lots of it.


==='''9.5 - Phase 5E: Outer Giant Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The three outer giant planets, '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn Saturn]''', '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus Uranus]''', and '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptune Neptune]''', are next in difficulty from distance and lower solar energy.  This is compensated somewhat by lower masses than Jupiter, so smaller velocity changes are needed to work around.
 

:'''Outer Giant Features'''


&amp;emsp;The three planets average 9.55, 19.22, and 30.11 AU from the Sun.  These planets and their orbital regions are embedded in the Outer Interplanetary region of Phase 4E (Section 8.6).  Saturn's orbital region extends 30 million km from the planet center, and includes 83 '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn Known Moons]''' as of 2023. Eleven of these moons are larger than 100 km, of which five (Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, and Iapetus) are larger than 1,000 km, with Titan being 5,150 km in diameter (75% of Mars).

&amp;emsp;Uranus' region is 24 million km in radius, and has 27 known '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus Moons]'''.  Five of them (Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon) are considered major, ranging from 470 to 1575 km in diameter.  Neptune's region is 50 million km radius, and has 14 known '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune Moons]''', of which Triton is by far the largest at 2700 km diameter.  The larger moons of all three can support stable orbits and enable gravity assists.  All the giant planets, including Jupiter, have ring systems.  Saturn's is the most massive at an estimated 30 million Gigatons, almost as much as the 400 km moon Mimas, which orbits nearby.

&amp;emsp;Solar energy is weak in these regions, about 1%, 1/4%, and 1/9% of that near Earth.  Large reflectors would be needed to bring sunlight to useful levels.  Nuclear power may be more effective.  Escape velocities are 35.5, 21.3, and 23.5 km/s from each planet, and 1,535, 682, and 255 m/s from the edge of their regions.  Orbit periods are vary from 250, 180, and 155 minutes close to the planets, to 3.8, 9.9, and 27 years at the edge.  Travel times are 6, 16, and 30 years by minimum energy orbits.  Gravity assists and added propulsion can shorten the trips.

&amp;emsp;Ping times average 2.65, 5.33, and 8.35 hours, plus or minus about 20 minutes for relative planetary positions.  Radiation levels around Saturn are about as high as Earth's Van Allen Belts, so added shielding is needed for people and electronics.  It is most intense between the ring system and the moon Enceladus.  Radiaition around Uranus and Neptune are lower, but still include the solar and cosmic background flux present in most parts of the Solar System.

&amp;emsp;Like Jupiter, the outer Giants have no solid surface.  Their atmospheres get denser with depth until they are beyond the '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics) Critical Point]''' and reach liquid density and higher.  The upper portions are 96% hydrogen, 3% helium for Saturn; 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, and 2.3% hethane for Uranus; and 80% hydrogen, 19% helium, and 1.5% methane for Neptune.  All three have small amounts of trace gases.  Orbit minus planet rotation velocities are 15.2, 12.5, and 13.9 km/s.  Scoop mining their atmospheres would be hard, but should be feasible.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;The outer Giant regions are too far for near-term use.  Their development could start once the Outer Interplanetary region around them is accessible.  The first use is likely to be mining various raw materials.  The combined total of 124 moons and one major ring system around these planets have a mass of 1720 x 10&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt; kg, or 2.34 times the Moon.  This is a very large source of materials, but their distance means mining them will be delayed.  Mined material would likely be brought back back to inner regions where there is more energy for processing and projects that need them.  Other uses besides mining are too far in the future to predict right now.  

&amp;emsp;Titan has a thick Nitrogen atmosphere (1.4 times Earth pressure) with 1.4% Methane at upper levels and 4.9% at lower levels.  Low orbits are about 1.8 km/s, so scoop-mining this atmosphere is particularly easy.  Helium-3 has been proposed as a low radiation fusion fuel.  Fusion in general has not yet been solved, and the He-3 reaction is 10 times harder than deuterium-tritium (D-T), which is the main target of current research.  

&amp;emsp;If either kind of fusion becomes feasible, scoop-mining the outer Giant atmospheres may become economic because of its high energy output, and the light gases also make good propellants.  All three giants have deuterium, and Uranus and Neptune have the highest concentrations of Helium in their atmospheres, and thus the He-3 isotope.  The easier D-T fusion should enable trips to these planets in reasonable time.


:'''Outer Giant Transport'''


&amp;emsp;Chemical rockets have sent probes to the outer planets, but this is very inefficient.  As in other regions, gravity assists from massive bodies, surface catapults, and skyhooks can be used to improve transport efficiency.  Solar power has been used for probes as far as Jupiter and its Trojan asteroids, but reflectors to increase power for propulsion in farther regions hasn't yet been developed.  Current work is on small fission reactors for a variety of uses, including nuclear-electric propulsion, which would be much more efficient than chemical.

&amp;emsp;Fission and fusion fuels have high energy content but the reactors to use them tend to be higher mass than solar power.  The also emit harmful radiation, but most parts of the Solar System are already filled with it anyway.  The same shielding can protect from both sources.  Nuclear fuels are also relatively rare compared to silicon used for solar cells or aluminum/magnesium alloy for concentrating reflectors.  It isn't clear what the best energy source for future propulsion will be.


:'''Outer Giant Production and Living'''


&amp;emsp;We don't expect activities beyond science, exploration, and mining in these regions until technology improves significantly from current levels.  Since we can't predict what improvements will be made in the long-term, we will leave what local production and habitation is possible as an open question.


=='''10.0 - Interstellar Locations'''==
&amp;emsp;

&amp;emsp;The last major phase of our program involves interstellar locations.  The key difference that warrants a new phase is the extreme distances involved.  This breaks the ability to deliver things from the Solar System and communicate with it in a reasonable time.  Deveopment of these locations would require high self-sufficiency in transport, enough starting materials, and self-improving systems capable of growth without outside assistance.  

&amp;emsp;Phase 6 projects are far enough in the future that we can only speculate about them in general terms.  We include it mainly as a place-holder and to give direction for future long-term work.  We divide it into two sub-phases - the spaces between stars, and those around other star systems.  Since you must cross interstellar space before reaching the other systems, logically the sub-phases are in that order.  


==='''10.1 - Phase 6A: Interstellar Space Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''Interstellar Features'''


&amp;emsp;We define the Interstellar region as starting 100,000 AU from the Sun, where nearby stars and the Milky Way galaxy as a whole begin to contest the Sun's gravity.  There is no outer limit for this region beyond whatever travel distances are possible from future technology.  Since we don't know what those future technologies will be, for now we will arbitrarily set a boundary of 20 light years from the Sun.

&amp;emsp;Probably the most significant feature of this region is that star systems are all in relative motion to each other, with an average velocity of 50 km/s.  This is on top of the general rotation of the galaxy at about 225 km/s.  As of 2023 there are 131 known '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nearest_stars_and_brown_dwarfs Stars and Brown Dwarfs]''' in the 20 light year &quot;Solar Neighborhood&quot;.  Given their average velocity, they will travel 20 light years in 120,000 years, so the membership of the neighborhood will change about every 1250 years on average.

&amp;emsp;The local interstellar region is very low density gas, at ~0.3 atoms per cubic centimeter, or 1 gram per 564 km cube.  That does not include cometary clouds around stars, or wandering objects between them.  We know very little about such smaller objects, but assume some exist by similarity to our own Solar System.

&amp;emsp;The Interstellar environment between stars is not much different from distant orbit environments in Phase 4F (Section 8.7).   Stellar energy is effectively zero, and while stellar radiation is not a factor in this region, cosmic radiation still is.

 
:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;We don't know enough about material resources and energy sources in this region to propose economic uses.  The distance to the Sun detaches any industries from regular trade with the rest of civilization.  Science, exploration, and seeding interstellar colonies are possible long-term activities.


:'''Interstellar Transport'''


&amp;emsp;Interstellar transport can be divided into slow and fast types.  The slow type is on the order of stellar velocities (5-500 km/s).  An example is a large habitat with large material reserves and fusion power as an energy source.  It can subsist on the cometary clouds around stars and unbound objects between them.  When it gets close enough to a selected star, it can enter orbit and travel with it.  Such habitats would be based on previous space habitats in the Solar System, so it doesn't require a lot of new development.

&amp;emsp;Travel times between stars at these speeds would average 3000 years or longer.  Such times are long enough that technology changes during the trip are a factor.  Trying to reach a specific star doesn't make unless technology had reached a plateau or making improvements in transit was planned for.  If the habitat is considered a permanent place to live that happens to be moving to access new resources, speed of travel is less of an issue.

&amp;emspFast interstellar puts much more energy into transportation, to reach higher velocities and shorten time to a destination.  Possible methods include fusion-powered engines and beamed power using the Sun as a gravitational lens for focus.  Rather than a large habitat with a full range of civilized activity, fast interstellar operates more like ships on Earth, with a crew dedicated to reaching a destination and maintaining operations.  We don't yet know what interstellar transport methods will prove feasible, if any, and the other space-related technologies available by then, so this is all speculative for now.
  

:'''Interstellar Production'''


&amp;emsp;We don't know enough about resources in this region to consider gathering raw materials.  So the only production we can plan for now is what they bring with them.  If they start with a large reserve, such as a captured comet nucleus, it can be used for supplies, maintenance, and upgrades.


==='''10.2 - Phase 6B: Stellar Locations'''===
&amp;emsp;

:'''Stellar System Features'''


&amp;emsp;We define stellar regions as those surrounding individual stars, brown dwarfs, or multi-object systems, of which there are 94 within 20 light years.  The size of the regions are scaled to the square root of the system mass divided by Sun's mass, times 100,000 AU.  This is their region of gravitational dominance and any cometary cloud bound to them.

&amp;emsp;Stars and brown dwarfs are bright enough to find with current equipment.  In fact 22 star systems within 20 light years can be seen from a dark location on Earth without optical aid.  We have basic information about planets and disks around other stars.  Their parent stars tell us where to look, and the stars themselves provide data about the planets from Doppler shifts and transits.

&amp;emsp;The number of discovered planets at all distances is growing rapidly, from none before 1988 to about 2000 by the end of 2015, and over 5000 by 2023.  59 of them are within 20 light years.  Dust and gas in '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumstellar_disc Disks]''' around younger stars are visible to current telescopes, but none are within 20 light years.  Two nearby star systems, epsilon Eridani and Tau Ceti, are known to have longer-lived debris disks.


:'''Economic Uses'''


&amp;emsp;Due to extreme distance, the only economic uses we see for now are science, exploration, and seeding independent colonies.  More study is needed with better telescopes before any attempt to plan travel to these stars.


:'''Exostellar Transport'''


&amp;emsp;Transport between stars is covered under Phase 6A in the previous section.  Travel within a given stellar region would use the same technologies as around the Sun, with modifications for available energy sources.


:'''Exostellar Production'''


&amp;emsp;As mentioned earlier, we would want to observe the nearby stars in more detail by using the Sun as a giant gravitational lens.  Following that would likely be robotic probes to more closely examine whatever is found around these stars.  A self-bootstrapping seed factory approach should work at other stars, since the properties of energy and matter are the same everywhere.  However the details will depend on what resources are available.


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      <text bytes="198287" sha1="2v1zxw1timfu0qnzvjr228c67xdqysl" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nils grüßend.jpg|thumb|300px|Yogi Nils]]
'''Spiritual Almanac'''
(taken from discussions on Internet forums about Yoga, God, religion, mysticism and spirituality)

My personal basis in philosophy is that of happiness. This philosophy is based on the Greek Epicurus and modern research on happiness. I believe striving toward happiness is at the core of human existence. Everyone would like to be happy and to avoid suffering. The highest level of happiness is [[w:Enlightenment (spiritual)|enlightenment]]. Enlightenment is at the core of happiness philosophy. You could also describe this as a life in light, or the kingdom of God (paradise).
 
I’ve searched for a way to lasting happiness my entire life. This path has lead me to the philosophy of Epicurus. Later, I became occupied with Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Christianity. I found helpful techniques everywhere among these teachings. Professionally, I was a lawyer first and then a Yoga teacher and a psychotherapist. I am for the unity of religions and the personal way of spirituality for each person. People of all religions should work together toward a happy world. They should speak to one another, and learn from one another. 

==January==


1. The greatest happiness is experienced in a life of light (in God, in enlightened existence) and in all-encompassing love. When one lives with this depth of meaning of life, one no longer needs to search for the meaning of life.
 
2. The basis of the spiritual way is enlightenment, sainthood, life in light (in the kingdom of God). God is to be found in each and every one of us, and in order to find God one has to change their consciousness, to be aware of God. The important thing is to find peace, love, happiness and joy and to develop them in oneself. The main techniques along the way to enlightenment are meditation and thought work. 

3. With meditation, you can find a calm inner state. You can quiet the thoughts with a mantra or prayer, through concentration on an outer or inner point, or through conscious observation and stopping the thoughts. Then peace and calm can exist. What’s fascinating is that with a longer practice of meditation, inner joy and happiness arise as well.
 
4. Inner peace and happiness arise when you work consistently on your thoughts. When you overcome thoughts and feelings like rage, addiction and fear by stopping the thoughts or by replacing the negative thoughts with positive thoughts. When that is successfully achieved, peace of mind can be obtained. Then the mind can concern itself with positive things. If you concentrate on love, happiness and joy in life and then live these qualities as well, then happiness and joy in life will arise naturally.

5. At some point a change occurs in the spirit. You arrive at a higher level of happiness. You experience life as mainly a happy thing. The more you cleanse your inner being, the greater your happiness can become, until enlightenment is achieved. Enlightenment is a very particular level of the spirit. The spirit is so far removed  from negativity, addiction, fear and rage that the light of God can flow within. Enlightenment can be described as existence without attachments, without addictions (the “I am” from Moses, one rests in the simple state of being and is no longer attached to worldly things), as being conscious of God (unity consciousness, one lives in light in the kingdom of God) and as happiness (inner happiness, joy and love).  These three characteristics belong together and serve one another. 

6. With emphasis on taking the path of inner calm, we can reach a God-consciousness, which means we can find God in inner peace and calm. We can also concentrate on developing a consciousness of unity. We can identify with other people and other beings. We can wish them happiness and help them as much as possible.

7. If you experience other people in a positive way, you know what all-encompassing love is. It develops as an encompassing inner happiness, a unity consciousness of love that at some point leads to enlightenment. Jesus taught the way of all-encompassing love for that reason. He also advised his followers to love their enemies. We can consider our enemies among our own problems and suffering. If we can accept this, see this in a positive light and love, then we have found a way to God-consciousness. In order to enter the kingdom of God, your love must be all-encompassing, unconditional, and practiced constantly. I send all beings light and pray for my fellow humans every day. I work for a world of love, peace and happiness.

8. It’s important to me also remember to enjoy life, to keep joy in life, besides taking the path of inner calm and all-encompassing love. I love myself enough. I do what is fun. I enjoy life every day. I know spiritual exercises with which I can create happiness in myself, in a way comparable to Jesus’ transfiguration on the mountain. Jesus prayed to God, and visualized God in himself, and meditated (brought his thoughts to a state of calm rest) and came to the light.

9.  How do you have fun in life? There are a lot of opportunities to take to create joy in life. It varies from person to person. You can eat something you like, listen to good music, watch a nice film, talk to positive people or chat with them online. You can do something creative, such as making music, painting, and writing, exercising or playing sports or look for a fascinating mission. I like to make videos and to save the world. It’s important to center yourself in your inner happiness first, otherwise everything is superficial and pointless. I also consider which spiritual exercises I need each day in order to arrive at this state of happiness. If you have inner happiness, then joy in life will develop almost by itself. You only need little things to enjoy to experience the beauty of life.

10. Those who see themselves as being responsible for saving the world will never be bored. There is always something to do. It doesn’t have to be anything big. You can speak some kind words to build up other people, or say a prayer for people or save the life of an animal. I can constantly save the lives of frogs, toads and snails. I bless them then. In this way good karma results that will at some point come back to me. I can even send good karma to other people if I have too much. Doing good is a lot of fun, as long as you don’t overwhelm yourself and as long as you are creative about it. 

11. The path of a spiritual practice varies from individual to individual. I live as a hermit. For me, the spiritual practice is different than for someone with a career and a family. It is even further removed when you live as a monk or a nun in a monastery. I live according to a spiritual plan for each day. I cleanse my inner being by reading, praying, going for walks, meditating and working. I do everything at the right moment and for the right amount of time so that I am constantly in the state of cleansing. It takes a lot of inner sense and discipline. 

12. I had a lot of enlightenment experiences. I have gotten to know the mystery of God. I have risen to high levels of paradise consciousness with my spirit. But I still have a lot to cleanse. One could say that I am still just a poor sinner. I have lived as a hermit for 25 years. The inner cleansing takes a long time for most people. At the moment, I am going through a phase of intense transformation. I live in times of happiness, in times of darkness, and times of inner conflict. I experience my way as being lead by God. Everything seems to follow an exact plan, but I don’t know what lies ahead; the end of the plan.

13. I follow the path of the Christian desert masters. They described exactly how one should live as a spiritual hermit, how one should practice. The main point of the desert fathers is that you should sit in your hut and then feel out an effective way of spiritual practice. This was called “your hut will teach you.” Enlightenment appears basically through the way of rest, love, and thought work. God is to be found in the calm. Modern research in happiness states that calm makes you happy. The art of the spiritual way is to find the correct amount of calm. Too much rest makes one lazy and slow. The desert fathers recommended not only to sit in your hut and wait for the spirit of God, but to work toward this. 

14. On the other hand, they warned about too much work. If you stretch a bow to far, it will break. If a hermit or monk is too active on the outside then God cannot come in because God needs calm. The calm must be great enough that the body and spirit can heal from the inner tension. The hermits in the  desert had enough calm already due to their isolated life, separate from the outside world. A constantly calm state feels unbearable first, but that is how the process of inner healing can begin. 

15. Problems with enough rest result in a monastery. Here there’s the danger one might work too much, or let oneself be distracted by one another, so that the inner process needed for oneself cannot be established, or to lose oneself in external rules. A basic rule of the desert fathers was to work only as much as the space the body needs when it lies down. God is the focus, and not the work. The work should only serve to bring forth a life in God (in light) and to hold onto that. A hermit has to sensitively feel out how much work will take him or her forward toward that goal. 

16. On the path to God, a deciding factor is the nature of one’s thoughts. A spiritual person has to find a way to dissolve inner conflict, blockages and false images to the best of his or her ability. He or she has to overcome fear, addiction and rage. This way, at some point in time an inner change will occur and that person will arrive in a state of happiness. In that sense, he or she is healed. The victory over suffering is the awakening of inner light. 

17. Having people accompany you in life makes the way easier. Two people can live in love, if they put their relationship together in the right way. Two people can support each other along the spiritual way. They can strengthen one another energetically and mentally. God made man and woman so that they can live together in paradise. The main story in the bible shows that. The mystery is that they can both awaken the kundalini snake that wraps itself around the tree of enlightenment with their love and sexual energy. They were then allowed to eat the apple of enlightenment which stands for unity, oneness and life in God (symbolized through its round shape). I lived without much contact for ten years. Then I realized some contact does me good.  It’s wonderful that it’s very simple and easy to get contact with other people over the internet. 

18. I’ve tried a lot of different things in my life. I’ve done karate, I’ve gone hiking, went dancing in clubs, went skiing, discussed political topics at events and visited psychology seminars. I had a political, philosophical, a psychological and a spiritual phase. At the moment, everything has rather come to rest. For awhile, I practiced strictly and now I practice more according to how I feel. The only difficult thing for me at present are the extremely powerful kundalini developments. I hope, though, that one day I will get over that phase and simply be in happiness, in peace, love and strength. 

19. Western yogis are free to shape their spiritual paths according to their needs. Some live alone, some in a group, and others in a relationship. I live my life in a way that makes me feel well. It’s important for me to have a mission or goal that excites me. I’ve studied a lot of different things, taken various workshops in the spiritual scene and written a lot of books and lead a lot of yoga groups. My path is never boring. 

20.  I see myself as a mystic who is beyond religions but somehow also finds himself within all of the religions. In enlightenment, I experienced a dimension that can be described as God, nirvana, or unity. I recognized that religions use different names for this state of consciousness. My enlightenment experience allowed me to see the common thread between Christianity and Buddhism. This common thread is the enlightened state of being. Moses could see the light of God in the world (the burning bush) and received knowledge of “ I am “ in God. This “ I am” state is achieved when the ego disappears and when one arrives in unity consciousness. This unity consciousness canbe given the name “Nirvana”. Nirvana means deletion, nothing, emptiness, dissolution of the ego. It isn’t an absolute state of nothingness, rather one arrives in light via this state of nothingness. Nothingness and happiness go together. In Christianity Master Eckhart and Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita (negative theology) worked with this concept particularly. 

21. I would like to share with you my kundalini experiences. First there was a very strenuous phase which lasted some five weeks. The chakras opened and the energy started to flow intensely. Every few days I had a short break to recover, then it started up again. Then I had a few weeks of rest. I used that time to mentally prepare myself, which was useful since the whole process started up again. A few times I was really at my wits’ end,  really at the limit of what I can take. What bothered me the most were the sleepless nights. I could only get myself through with the help of spiritual exercises. 

22. The energy processes vary a lot. The night before yesterday I observed this. I sat in front of the television and felt how the tension in my solar plexus chakra eased. This transformation period took two hours. I had the feeling that my body was being turned inside out. I felt a tugging everywhere, and felt I might break down. I watched very interesting films on TV so that I would be distracted enough from my inner crisis so I could get through it. Ten after 24 hours the energy began to flow through the solar plexus chakra into the body. I felt like I was under an intense electrical charge and couldn’t sleep. But it was a form of happiness energy, so this made it easier to get through. 

23. The nightly processes of tension dissolving are varied. They range from painful to enjoyable to a combination. It depends on whether the happiness energy dominates or the dissolving of old tension and problems. Mostly the nights are a mixture of both and are rather difficult. I have to constantly consider which spiritual techniques (visiualization, mantras, meditation, yoga poses) will help me through the process. The right technique dissolves blockages and gets the energy to flow again. Sometimes I have to try one thing for awhile before it starts to work effectively.
 
24. In bigger conflicts I listen to the help of my masters. Once I thought I wouldn’t make it through the night because I was so exhausted from the strain of the previous days. I fell asleep immediately and felt better, even though the energy flow in my body was so strong I never would have thought I could sleep. One day I needed to get things done that required a lot of inner strength, and that was after a sleepless night. Right before getting out of bed, strength shot through me. I felt like I had the strength of a giant and could use that to get everything done. This was a miracle to me. 

25. The energy isn’t just felt by me, but from other people too. A woman visited me as I was at that time working on the energy in me. She was so happy near me that she hardly wanted to go home. As I visited my mother, happiness energy suddenly flowed through me and I was happy to rest in bliss for about an hour. That affected my mother, too. Our conversation was calm and positive. 

26. I’m a lazy Yogi at the moment. My yoga consists of a walk while doing breath of fire and mantras. I lay in bed in yoga posititions and meditate. That’s enough for me right now. I am constantly in intense energy processes. My main meditation is watching TV. I am just there and live my life. I connect with God every day and my enlightened masters. I listen to my inner voice and do what it advises me at any given moment. That’s how I get through all of my spiritual crises. 

27. There are many bad gurus. I recommend that everyone test the enlightened masters and to follow only the good ones. For me, they are Buddha, Jesus, Patanjali, Laotse and Socrates. Their teachings can help us find our way to light. 

28. It began with the awakening of my ability to sense energy in 1986. Since that time, I can feel the energy of other people and help them. In 1987 I started small meditation groups where I also taught positive thinking. At that time, I still worked as a lawyer. After splitting up with my ex wife I gave up my lawyer profession and have lived as a hermit for 25 years. In the course of the last few years I’ve written a lot of texts online in German and English. Many people connect with me mentally and spiritually. I feel their energy, their trust and help them as much as I can.

29. I had a happy family, a nice wife and a lovable son. But life is constant change. Now I live as a hermit. How do you arrive in light? In that you leave material things behind and develop inner happiness. Enlightenment exceeds even the happiness of the happiest family. 
30. I’ve recognized that the deepest point of life is to be happy and to live in all-encompassing love. One arrives in all-encompassing love when one works for a happy world. If you have this goal, there is always something to do. Life is never boring and always has a purpose. One just has to see in any given moment, what needs to be done and what one can do. 

31. Everyone is allowed to find his own spiritual way. I refer to the enlightened masters and their teachings which inspire me. I can say that I have the feeling my way works for me. I am careful and approach the spiritual path with wisdom. I generally advise following a gentle spiritual way.

==February==
[[File:Patanjali Statue.jpg|thumb|400px|Patanjali Statue]]
1. A yogi is a person who practices yoga. Yoga consists of physical and mental, spiritual exercises. The goal of yoga is to develop the self, to find enlightenment. There are many different directions in yoga. Yoga goes beyond religion. Buddha was also a yogi. Even the Christian dessert teachers were yogis. 

2. Yoga is there for people, and for that reason needs to be adapted to cultural and personal conditions. The modern western yoga is different from the traditional, Indian yoga. Often, yoga is only practiced as bodily exercise in the west, with the goal of flexibility, health, beauty or relaxation. The spiritual content is missing. That’s a problem for many Indian yoga masters such as Swami Sivananda. For me, it’s OK. Variation is the strength of western yoga. 

3. Enlightenment takes place through the dissolving of tension (energy blockages) in the body and spirit. The way to this end varies from person to person and requires a good inner sense for what one needs at any given time. Sometimes extreme exercises and sometimes gentle ones are necessary, depending on the given moment. Rigid dogma is the wrong way. A real enlightened master gives every student exactly what that student needs. 

4. I go about finding what does me good along the spiritual path in an undogmatic way. I’m vegetarian and don’t do any drugs (smoking, alcohol and other substances) or gamble. But sometimes I do eat meat when my body needs it. I get a buzz from chocolate or watching TV when my soul needs it. My game is called enlightenment. You never know when you will win and what comes next, and that’s what makes the spiritual way so exciting.  What is material gain next to eternal bliss?

5. And what about sexuality? Does a yogi have to do without it? No! For a tantric yogi, sexuality is also a way to God when practiced correctly. It’s important, according to the Hatha yoga principles, that one sticks to moral principles. For me, among the most important are loyalty in a relationship. If a yogi has a relationship, he or she should live by loyalty, love, and honesty. 

6. Self-disciplince is important on the path of yoga. Self-discipline is the main way to spiritual success, but one shouldn’t overdo it. Too feel discipline causes tension and energy blockages. One should sense exactly whether discipline is necessary at any given time, or whether being laidback is more appropriate. Staying in an asana for hours can be a good thing or a bad thing. Buddha found that extreme practice makes the body weak and for that reason suggested a middle way. Why should one practice in the extreme cold of a cave in the Himalayas when you can practice in a nice warm house in Germany, with an internet connection? Why rub ashes onto yourself when you can wash yourself with soap? Why hold your breath when you can succeed with simpler exercises? 

7. Along the yogic path, one gets great power. The chakras open up, the kundalini energy is activated and spiritual energy develops in an unimaginable way. The spiritual energy is neutral and can be abused. For that reason a yogi should always ground him or herself in love, empathy and humility. Yoga should be combined with positive thinking. 

8. A yogi should hold to the ten ground rules of Patanjali. 1. Non-violence (Ahimsa). Don’t hurt or kill others. Be ready for peace, live gently. 2. Truth (Satya) Live in truth. Be honest to yourself and others. 3. Righteousness (Asteya). Don’t steal, cheat or betray. A yogi is honest in his life’s work. 4. Wisdom (Brahmacharya) . Live spiritually, in wisdom(Brahmacharya. Don’t serve money, serve God. Differentiate between the essential and the non-eseential. 5. Simplicity (Aparigraha). Have moderation in what you enjoy. A spiritual person lives modestly on the outside and richly on the outside. A yogi doesn’t use energy on what he does in the outer world, but lives calmly, and turns to the inside and cleanses himself from the inside. 

9. Further principles of yoga according to Patanjali: 6: Honoring the spiritual goal (Ishvara, the personal divinity). So that we don’t lose our spiritual way, it’s necessary to concentrate on our spiritual goals, and to refocus on them when necessary. 7. Sacrifice of the Ego. (Saucha, purification/cleansing). Without sacrificing the ego, it’s not possible to come to enlightenment. To sacrifice the ego the right way is an art. Those who sacrifice too much create tension. Those who sacrifice too little don’t dissolve any ego tension or attachments. How do you come to inner peace, inner strength, and all-encompassing love the right way today? What’s the right way for you at this given moment?

10. Further principles of yoga according to Patanjali. 8: Goal-oriented life (Tapas). Tapas means to lead a disciplined life. 9. Self-study. (Swadhyaya). Reading from a spiritual book daily helps us stay on the spiritual way, and makes us spiritual winners.10. Satisfaction (Santosha). Plan your day and your life so that you are satisfied. Which thoughts help you to come to satisfaction? 

11. There are gentle and there are extreme spiritual techniques. Extreme exercises can lead to spiritual breakthroughs. It’s important to practice with wisdom. For me, God makes my personal life sufficiently extreme. There are difficult faces to go through, again and again which lead to spiritual breakthroughs. They develop on their own, during my daily life. That’s enough. I generally prefer a gentle spiritual way. 

12. There are dogmatic and non-dogmatic people in spirituality. From my perspective, everything has it’s right to exist in the way of spirituality. It depends on whether you use wisdom to find the right path for you personally. Dogamtic people usually have great strength and are consistent along their way. If that’s connected to ego, then it leads to ego, and if connected with wisdom, leads to light. Unfortunately, dogmatic people are usually not able to apply self-awareness to their own situation. We need self-discipline and wisdom along the spiritual way to be successful. I feel out my way each day to find my personal combination of these elements, wisdom and self-discipline. 

13. The spiritual path is a free decision. Enlightenment is voluntary. No one is forced into happiness. The free will is respected. However, the brain is like a computer when we look at it closely. The mind is programmed through experiences and our reactions towards them, as well as our thoughts. An inner program comes into being, according to what a person decides. I have had countless experiences in the course of thousands of lives. I thought about life and established happiness as a goal of life. In this life, I read about the philosopher Epicurus and decided to take the path of inner happiness. It was a free decision. But I couldn’t do anything else but decide this, on the basis of what I knew before. According to Laotse, “if the wise learn of the true way, they must take that course. If a fool hears of the way of enlightenment, he laughs out loud. If he isn’t laughing, it isn’t the true spiritual path.”

14. The will of a human is free, to look at it from a very basic perspective. However, people make decisions based on outer impulses and inner programs, depending on the person. In this way, decisions are determined, or pre-determined. Only in enlightenment does a person get true freedom because he or she is free of worldly impulses, attachments and wishes. He or she is happy and in a desireless state because he or she is happy from the inside. This person doesn’t need any material things anymore to be happy. A life in the light of God is enough. He or she can still enjoy material existence if he or she likes though. 

15. Enlightenment is consciousness, pure and without an identity. In order to act in the world, a person has to take on an identity. In that case, you’re like a free actor who can decide which role you would like to take. The enlightened always know that it is just a roll. The enlightened are beyond all roles. They can decide to be the good guys or the bad guys. The path of evil strengthens the ego and distances one from light. The way of good encourages inner happiness and love. If you combine love with wisdom and self-discipline, you arrive along the way of good in a life of light. I also believe that you can arrive in light along the path of evil.  The path of evil causes you to encounter suffering, to achieve wisdom and then destroys attachments to the world. Before you arrive in enlightenment though, you have to get rid of your bad karma. Many evil people will often become saints or healers in their last lives on earth. 

16. I observe in myself that I mostly took the path of good in my earlier lives. For that reason, my mind is basically programmed along the path of good. Once I could decide freely within enlightenment, if I wanted to take on a good or evil identity, I automatically decided on the path of good. So that we have a lot of good enlightened people, the enlightenment path of love should be taught. The enlightenment path of love can take a bit longer than direct enlightenment, but the world benefits greatly from this. In Tibet some thousand years ago there was a conflict between Tibetan Buddhism (way of love) and Zen Buddhism (strict meditation and quick enlightenment). The Tibetan king decided on the way of love. For that reason, Tibetan Buddhism puts a lot of value in a thorough teaching of the mind. Only when a good basis in love and wisdom is achieved, can quick techniques and intensive meditation (three years as a yogi) lead to enlightenment. 

17. For me, God is formless, the incomprehensible behind all forms. Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma are just forms of God, just like Jesus, Buddha and Krishna are forms of godly consciousness. I root myself in the formless and use the form of God to bring myself forward in my concrete moments and to lead to light. Sometimes Krishna (the master of love) an inspiring role model, sometimes  Jesus (the master of ego sacrifice), sometimes Buddha (the master of peace and calm), sometimes Shiva (the strict yogi), sometimes Brahma (the wise), and sometimes Ganesha ( the God of happiness and joy in life). Another way to see it is that every spiritual role model has all of the important aspects and forms in God in itself. 

18. I don’t consider other religions to be less than my own. We should recognize one another as being equal in value. Only in this way can love and peace be built upon. Religious and cultural pluralism is the way in light today. 

19. After an intense practice of rune yoga I awoke with a distinct sense of energy. Since that time, I can sense the energy of others and mentally help them. In 1987, I also began to direct small groups in meditation and positive thinking. At the time I still worked as a lawyer. After separating from my ex-wife I gave up my lawyer practice and have lived as a hermit for 25 years. 

20. I believe I am lead by God and get all of the necessary help from God. As a former atheist I have experienced some difficulty in believing in God. But I observe that my life is directed in a mysterious way. If a crisis gets too big, I always get some help. Suddenly I can sleep, happiness energy is awakened, a nice person appears, or I can be happy about something. When I have to take care of things in the outside world, the cleansing process is reduced. Every day, an optimal development process takes place that normally challenges me a lot, but doesn’t overwhelm me. And that has been taking place for 25 years! 

21. I experience God as an identity-less ”I am”, as a higher consciousness. I can only say that life develops in a certain way that I think is steered. I can’t say who controls this. I think it comes from the enlightened masters I’m mentally connected with. You can see their pictures in this almanac. 

22. I see it like this: the enlightened masters comprise a complete consciousness that can help in the cosmos, to take direct action. Normally, this consciousness rests happily within itself. It helps especially when it is asked for help. In order to achieve constant guidance, a daily prayer is very important. I connect with my enlightened masters daily. One can also pray directly to God. It doesn’t matter which name you speak to the higher consciousness with. Important is only that you are serious about receiving real guidance and help. Then you get help so that you go forward spiritually, and not so that all egoistical wishes are fulfilled. I especially recommend to everyone to connect with the higher consciousness daily. Everyone can do that in his or her own way. 

23. Important in my view, is that one takes the spiritual way consistently daily. It doesn’t matter which exercises are done. One should feel what one needs and what does one good. It doesn’t have to be any particular or special exercises. The important hing is it should bring you further spiritually. Everything will happen at the right time. A good exercise is a to read daily from a spiritual book, or to pull an oracle card, or to pray, say a mantra, to visualize an image of an enlightened master. Those who have more time can meditate daily, do yoga and go for walks. 

24. Being alone is a necessary exercise for me. I have to live alone so that I can develop myself spiritually. But I don’t need to be that strict about it. For me, the middle way is good where I have some contact. Even a relationship isn’t out of the question. I lived the first twelve years as a yogi in a relationship. Then there was a time where my spiritual energy disappeared and I hardly had any energy for a relationship. Now it seems my energy is developing slowling again. 

25. Many Christians are afraid of yoga nad meditation. But Jesus was a yogi. He received kundalini energy (the holy Ghost, symbolized through the baptism) by Johnn the Baptist and meditated for 40 days in the desert. He overcame the devil (his ego) and could help other people with spiritual energy (the angels served him). Buddha also meditated and the devil appeared ( his ego) and tried to tempt him. He let go of his worldly attachments and turned to the light and the devil disappeared. The enlightenment stories of Buddha and Jesus are very similar. 

26. Principally, the way of inner and outer happiness are opposites. If you take the path of outer happiness, you built up attachments on outer things and other people who will reduce your happiness in the long run. If you go the path of inner happiness, you will reduce and get rid of your attachments. Attachments are inner tension. The more you let go of your inner tension, the more happiness can develop within you. 

27. The enlightened masters (God) lead us through our inner voice, to truth. It is important to have constant contact with one’s own voice of truth and wisdom. We should feel within ourselves and ask what is important at that moment along the way of wisdom.

28. Meditation of the inner voice: 1. Sit down in the meditation position (sit Indian style, or in a chair) Close your eyes. Breathe in and out. Relax. 2. Stop all thoughts for a minute and relax. 3. Visualize the earth, move one hand and thin :” I send light. May all beings be happy. May the world be happy.” Send light to suffering people. Use the TV as a window to the world and surround all beings with light. 4. Put your hand on your lap. Imagine yourself as Buddha, Shiva or a goddess. Move your toes and think this mantra : “I am a goddess (Buddha, Shiva) of peace. I take the path of peace. I live in peace.” 5. Visualize the cosmos around you full of stars. Make big circles with your arms and think: “I take things as they are. I let go of my false desires. I flow with positivity in my life.” 6. Connect with the enlightened masters or God. Rub the palms of your hands in front of your heart chakra and think: “om all enlightened masters (God). Om inner wisdom. I ask for guidance and help along my way.” 

29. Holy wars take place in many lands of the world and cause suffering. The solution is clear: we have to accept that we live in a world of varied religions. We have to learn to be loving, peaceful, tolerant and non-violent with one another.

== March ==
[[File:Swami Shivananda Liebe.jpg|thumb|Swami Shivananda]]

1. After my enlightenment experience, I recognized that enlightenment is the deeper point of life. Enlightenment is the deliverance from the suffering of life. Enlightenment is the greatest happiness and highest fulfillment. In enlightenment, you realize your true self. Summarized: those who live enlightened, live better. An unenlightened person thinks that he or she will be happier with more money, sex, recognition, consumption and material riches. Only the wise recognize that inner prosperity will make you happier than material prosperity. You can enjoy life and develop spiritually at the same time. There are strict spiritual practitioners and there are moderate spiritual practitioners. I represent the way of the moderate practitioners who have enough fun in life.

2. When you are completely pure inside, God can enter and fill you with peace, love and happiness. In the Bible, it says the human being must choose between God (inner happiness) and money (the way of material happiness). Those who want to go forward spiritually should choose the path of inner happiness. 
 
3. There are various stages of enlightenment. Enlightenment begins with the feeling of harmony with oneself and the world. Then peace, happiness and love appears. Then the stage of dissolving of the “I” consciousness and the presence of the consciousness of unity (God consciousness) comes into being. The highest stage (full enlightenment)  is Nirvikalpa Samadhi, the resting in a dimension of highest happiness. This can be considered unity with God, the unity of Shiva and Shakti (the human being and God), or as the highest paradies (Sathyaloka, the place of highest truth). Only once have I reached this state, after my kundalini energy completely unfurled. It rose as a thick ray of energy from the bottom of the pelvis up to the head. Then there was a change of consciousness and I was in highest happiness. I was aware that this was the goal of all souls. The highest goal is not “simple” enlightenment, rather the “full” enlightenment (to be Buddha, or a Jivanmukta).

4. [[w:Sivananda Saraswati|Swami Sivananda]]: ”Samadhi (enlightenment) is unity. The spirit goes into the eternal, the Atman, like salt in water or camphor in flames. It is a state of pure consciousness. Recognition made in Samadhi is the recognition of God. In Samadhi there isn’t consciousness of the body or of the mind. There is only existence (sat). The one meditating has dissolved his personality in the ocean of God, drowned and forgotten, until he is just a tool of God. When he opens his mouth, he speaks without effort and without consideration through the direct intuition of the word of God, and when he lifts his hand, God streams through it to work miracles.”

5. Samadhi is not a state of dullness, forgetfulness or deletion. It is a state of absolute consciousness that defies every attempt to describe it. It isn’t the end destination of all. It is moksha (freedom, the release from suffering). The human being now rests in his middle- the goal of his search in absolute freedom, independence and perfection. 

6. People generally believe Samadhi means to sit with a loincloth in a state of nothingness consciousness in the lotus position. Such Samadhis are brought about through Hatha Yoga kriyas. In Jada Samadhi the prana is moved up high and held in one chakra. Through this one can anchor the self in serenity, strength, love, clarity or unity. 

7. Full enlightenment is totally different. There, all doubt, confusion and the three knots avidya (uncertainty), kam (worldly longing) and karma (determination, destiny) are destroyed. It gives fearlessness and an unbreakable state of mind. The Samadhi state also holds firm when taking action. Those who are anchored in complete enlightenment hold the mind and spirit in balance and use them as a service to other people.

8. In Samadhi, the cleansed spirit goes to God and becomes God consciousness. To know Brahman means to become Brahman. When the spirit becomes Brahman, it also dissolves the world, which is a creation of the spirit, in the Brahman and the spirit becomes Brahman. In this experience darkness and emptiness do not exist. There is only light. It is an experience of unity, and oneness. Time and space cease to exist, there is only eternity. You become all-knowing and all-powerful. You know the mystery of creation. You have achieved immortality, higher knowledge and eternal bliss. Every duality disappears, there is no subject and no object. 

9. When you are rooted in the highes Nirvikalpa Samdhi, you don’t have any body consciousness. You have the full awareness of Brahman. There is nothing other than the self. It is a wonderful experience. You are full of reverence. It is a state that one must achieve through one’s own efforts. It is without end, complete and an experience from existence and pure consciousness. When you have this experience , the mind, wishes, activities and feelings of joy and worry disappear. 

10. Samadhi gives moksha. That is the high point of yoga. With the recognition of the self, uncertainty disappears. With the disappearance of the main reason for the uncertainty, the ”I” thinking disappears. The yogi now has knowledge of the past and future, as well as from the present. Everything is “now”. Everything is “here”. Time and space do not matter anymore.

11. A person who comes out of Samadhi can still live like they did before, but their consciousness is greatly changed. No one can reach Samadhi until they are a pure soul. You have to have a pure heart. The spirit has to be full cleansed. Only then is the person ready to receive the light of God. You have to be strong enough to take the pressure of a sudden consciousness expansion and to be able to tolerate a cosmic viewpoint. 

12. Deep meditation leads to Samadhi, to being one with God. Contemplate God. Fill your spirit with God. Identify your spirit with God. The way you think, is the way you will be. Think yourself godly and you will become that. Be silent. Recognize yourself. Let your spirit go into God. 

13. The leadership through the inner voice of wisdom is very important. Only this way can you tell what the wrong and right techniques are. The same techniques can be in one moment wrong, and the next minute the right ones. If you don’t progress spiritually, then that is an indication of a wrong method of practicing. In contrast, if you arrive in light, love, happiness, peace, and truth and strength, then you are doing the right things. 

14. The real fulfillment of life can be enjoyed with a positive psyche only. Those who are enlightened recognized their world as a paradise. The small things are enough to make great joy. God is fulfillment but only a fulfillment that comes from the inside. It is important to also flow positively with life, go with the flow, and to not become attached to material things. ;-)

15. Even in the western world we can realize our inner happiness and come to enlightenment. We don’t have to live as strict hermits away from the world in order to do that. Through the grace of the enlightened masters it’s possible without the most extreme circumstances. They can give us energy, wisdom, strength and love that we can use along our way. When we connect to an enlightened master of our choice every day and do enough spiritual exercises then we can grow in this material world, also spiritually. Particularly we can arrive in paradise after death. That is a great gift. Those who understand can practice master yoga every day by calling to the enlightened, praying, using an oracle and reading. 

16. Some people proceed best along the spiritual path when they are strict about it, as monks, nuns, hermits, yogis or desert dwellers. According to Amritanandamayi, you come to enlightenment five times faster when you live along. Asceticism isn’t the only spiritual way. Only a few people are able to live this way. I believe in reincarnation. Most people develop in the course of many lives. There is also a way to spiritually cleanse on the other side. In Amitabha Buddhism, there is a paradise in between lives where you can develop slowly to the highest state of nirvana (happiness, light, God). This paradise in between is basically what one usually thinks of paradise in Christianity. 

17. You can always develop further spiritually. After enlightenment, there are also a lot of stages of enlightenment. According to my experience there is a stage of unity consciousness, and after that the stage of omni-presence, all-knowingness, and all-powerfulness. Swami Sivananda describes these states as the signs of full enlightenment. One can deal everywhere and help people everywhere, also from other dimensions. This happens according to my experience through thinking, visions, dreams, energy transfer (giving peace, strength, love, happiness, wisdom). Before you achieve these powers, there is a long path to take. I observed in myself that these abilities develop slowly. I am still at the beginning. 

18. The greatest meaning in life is experienced through the way of enlightenment and the way of love. The way of enlightenment is developed through deep potential for happiness. You live in unity, harmony, and light. That gives you a deep feeling of meaningfulness. Those who live in love, experience life as full of meaning. If you are searching for meaning in your life, then you should concentrate on these points. 

19. Material happiness is an illusion. True happiness is only obtained through enlightenment. Enlightenment is the deeper meaning of life. True happiness remains even when unfortunate things occur in life. That destroys the illusion of outer happiness. Buddha taught life is mainly suffering. In Christianity, the cross is the main point of focus. Along the way of inner happiness, you open your inner sources of happiness and rise above all outer suffering one day. There are many ways to enlightenment. Find the way that fits you and works best. Principally happiness arises through spiritual practice like yoga, walking, meditating and thinking positively. It is helpful to have an enlightened master. 

20. Without sacrifice, you can’t break through into the light of enlightenment. The sacrifice of the ego and incorporating the self into the will of God (will of life, the universe).  Letting go of the ego and sacrificing the right way is a great art. If you sacrifice incorrectly, you create more tension. We shouldn’t let go of too much at once and not too little either. If done correctly, you let go of inner tension. I am creative about my rituals of ego sacrifice. I can tell what I need at any given time and what will work best. To do this with wisdom, you need to think about a situation exactly and consider what the best way is at the time. In this way, you give up your ego. It’s similar to a sacrifice of love, where you give something or someone up because you love them. I prefer sacrificing for something I like. If I don’t like a situation, I eat so many sweets that I can tolerate the situation, or I watch TV until I’ve forgotten all of the suffering in my life. 

21. There once was a king who wanted to realize his inner happiness. His priests explained to him that a five- fold renunciation was necessary. First, the king renounced his kingdom. He moved into a forest and lived as a yogi. The second thing he gave up was sexuality. He lived without a relationship in order to effectively put his energy into his spiritual exercises. That was the biggest sacrifice for him. The third thing he gave up were his thoughts. He meditated a lot and lived in peace. The fourth thing he gave up was his “me” consciousness.He let go of his ego and went through the great emptiness and landed in light. It feels unpleasant when the ego is destroyed. But behind that unpleasantness, awaits inner happiness. Those who know that, can easily let go of their ego. The king enjoyed the happiness of enlightenment for a time. Then he thought on the suffering of his fellow humans. They didn’t know the way to inner happiness. They needed an enlightened helper to show them the way to inner peace, love and happiness. The king sacrificed his lone enjoyment of happiness and went back to his kingdom. He helped a lot of people along the spiritual way. He lived as a hatha yogi with constant practice, as a karma yogi of great love and a bhogi yogi in immeasurable happiness in a constant consciousness of paradise (in God, light, unity consciousness). The fifth thing he sacrificed proved to be the biggest source of grace in his life. 

22. The best spiritual exercise is the exercise that brings you forward in any given moment. That could be reading from a spiritual book, a nice walk in the woods, meditation, meeting a spiritual person. Siddhasana can be a good exercise for advanced yogis. I reached the Nirvikalpa-Samadhi when laying down. The kundalini energy shot out of the skull chakra and into the heaven and came back in a big circle with a standing yoga exercise. Then I was integrated into the unity of the cosmos at a deep level. When walking the holy Ghost of God came to me and went into me. I received a holy energy baptism like the first baptism of Christ at Pentecost. The fire built itself around my head of energy. I was aware that I was blessed and lead by God. These were all very simple exercises that brought a high level of success. The spiritual way doesn’t need to be complicated. It’s enough to go walking regularly, a bit of yoga, some meditation, and reading daily in a spiritual book in addition to consistent thought work, positive thinking. 

23. You can activate kundalini energy with spiritual exercises. You can come to a state of strength, serenity, and happiness. You can put so much strength into your erxercises that you go above and beyond all of your problems. Physical yoga exercises are helpful, as well as God- Yoga (visualizing God), kundalini meditaion and working with negative thoughts such as fear, rage and addiction. You have to see inside yourself which technique will work for you best in which moment.

24. Working with kundalini energy is a process not well known in the west. But it is the strongest energy a person has within him or herself. When it develops, a cleansing process often accompanies it for a longer or shorter period of time, as I am going through currently. There are some reports over such processes in spiritual literature. The most well-known is the Gopi Krishna. Gopi Krishna (1903-1984) was an Indian yogi, mystic, academic and author. After he awoke to kundalini energy at the age of 34,  he began to research the phenomen of Kundalini energy. According to his own accounts, he perceived streams of light, heard otherworldly sounds, and moved into a boundless state of consciousness. 

25. The American David Ramon Hawkins (1927-2012) was a doctor and a psychiatrist. He had uncommon supernatural experiences of hell, happiness and godly peace. He was an alchoholic and reached a point where he didn’t know what to do. He called to God, “if there is a God, I ask him to help me now.” He fell unconscious and woke up as an enlightened person the next day. The enlightenment leap helped him to spontaneously heal from addiction and also from 15 chronic illness. He dissolved his personal ego. He needed 30 years to integrate this consciousness leap. 

26. The development of kundalini proceeds in various ways. According to Indian teachings, it has its own intelligence and does what each person needs. You can say that the cleansing process is controlled by God. You are challenged, but will not be overwhelmed by the process.Jesus’ kundalini energy was activated through John the Baptist. Then it developed in the desert for 40 days so that Jesus could only meditate in the desert. Finally, his ego let go (the devil)  in a last temptation and Jesus received healing powers (the angels served him). Such a fast kundalini development is possible for great enlightened souls who have incarnated on earth. That is also how it took place for  Holy Antonius, the founder of the desert fathers and Christian hermits. He reported demons which harassed him for years.

27. In 1986 kundalini energy was awakened after an intense enlightenment experience. Since that time, I’ve found myself in a state of constant cleansing. I’m going through another time of transformation now. The first five weeks were really difficult. Then it calmed down a bit. Every day I went through an intense cleansing process from morning until night, and only sometimes did the kundalini energy unfurl. This is how it was just yesterday and the day before yesterday. The day before yesterday I felt very restless.At 3 in the morning I realized the kundalini energy was very active. I could feel a strong charge in myself that kept me from sleeping. After 24 hours this energy flowed  through me until it suddenly disappeared. This energy was really powerful. I could only concentrate and try to go with the flow in a positive way. I meditated on the suffering in myself in the world. This way, I received a lot of inner strength and could get through the cleansing process. 

28. (Quote Wikipedia): In Tantric writings, kundalini is described as etheric power in humans. According to these writings, this energy is resting under the lowest part of the spine and is symbolically portrayed as a coiled snake sleeping in the lowest chakra.Through yogic practice, it can be awakened and rise through the chakras and cause transformation. If it reaches the highest chakra, it unites with the cosmic spirit and brings highest happiness to the person experiencing the transformation. Certain phenomena are described as appearing with the rising kundalini. Among these include heat waves, a feeling of warmth, cold spells, ticks (unintended shaking, trembling), chronic and temporary pain in the whole body, numbness of hands and feet, laughing, crying and ecstatic happiness.

29.(Quote from Sahaja): According to the old sources, kundalini is the most subtle, holy and powerful energy in the universe. Kundalini isn’t a modern discovery, it was already described thousands of years before Christ. Shri Mataji Nirmali Devi explained Kundalini as the energy of the godly wish to become one with God again. This energy has been at work since the beginning of time and moves evolution forward. Knowledge of kundalini provides a bridge between creation and evolution theories. Kundalini is the godly power which controls evolution. In the western tradition this power has been called the Holy Ghost. If a person is pure in his or her inner being, they achieve freedom, Moksha when the Kundalini awakens. This full freedom occurred with Buddha as he had let go of all attachments and temptations before his self-realization.  If the kundalini energy is awakened in “imperfect” people, the various chakras start to cleanse.Sat-Chit-Ananda-the truth, the consciousness, permeates everything and makes pure joy a reality. 

30. Enlightenment goes beyond normal perceptions of happiness, joy and suffering. It is a higher level of happiness that brings great inner peace with it. One can also achieve highest happiness using certain techniques. That’s what I consider Samadhi. You can rest in highest happiness on the other side (highest paradise, satyaloka). You can use your body on earth to develop a strong happiness energy. Anandamayi Ma rested in enlightenment unity consciousness in her life. She practiced intensive Hatha and divinity yoga as well as meditation for six years. She reached immeasurable happiness this way. It’s particular to the experience on earth to also be able to go through great suffering. But you can use your body and spirit to develop inner happiness, peace, power and love. 

31. I am a yogi. Buddha was a yogi. I can also practice buddhist techniques. As a yogi, I believe in Ramakrishna (neo-Hinduism) and the unity of all religions. I can use exercises from different religions and consider all religions to be good. The different religions have different names for God. In Buddhism, the term Nirvana is used. God is the highest dimension of consciousness that you experience in enlightenment. (Light, unity). God as a person is my enlightened master and an avatar like Krishna and Jesus. They can help me with their abilities to see all, know all, and to be all-powerful to help me along the spiritual way and help lead me to light. 

== April ==
[[File:'Amitabha in Sukhavati Paradise', Tibetan, circa 1700, San Antonio Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|400px|Amitabha in Sukhavati Paradise]]

1. In Christianity you practice gratitude. If you practice gratitutde every day, your happiness increases. The American happiness researcher Sonja Lyubimirsky  stated you can increase your general level of happiness in life by 40% if you think positively on a consistent basis. Sonja recommends exercising regularly, to eat healthy and to meditate 20 minutes every day. 

2. A clear line to a goal is important. We should practice in a goal-oriented way. We have to be clear about the goal of inner happiness, enlightenment, a life in light and to concentrate on God. Then we can find exercises that bring us forward personally. We can do exercises from various religions without losing ourselves in them. We should listen to our inner voice of truth to lead us. If we are confused by the diversity of religions, we should concentrate on one religion. But one can also lose the way with a single religion because there are traps everywhere along the spiritual way. The biggest traps are dogma and personally being more dedicated to a worldly orientation, being more concerned with material reality in secret. 

3. Honesty with oneself is the basis of the spiritual path. Everyone has negative characteristics, it’s important to work on them. Pride is the most dangerous characteristic on the spiritual path because it can exist even after enlightenment. Arrogance is overcome with humility and through love. We see the suffering in the world and in our own lives. Then we can live with modesty. We recognize our unity with all beings, wish every being happiness and thus overcome our ego-centric nature.

4. Tension is in the body and spirit. For the body we need physical exercise, and for the spirit we need spiritual and mental exercise. If both areas are cleansed enough, inner happiness arises. The mistake western psycho-therapy makes is to concentrate on just the mind or the body. The way to success to combine both, and the spirit. In my positive thinking groups I’ve always also meditated. In my yoga groups, I’ve always released blocked feelings like fear, rage, sadness and addiction and practiced positive thinking. Trauma is best released through mental exercises, physical exercise, lots of rest and lots of love. Along the yogic way, through the years, past trauma is released. With me, first traumatic experiences from this life and then from past lives appeared, and I relived them again and then they disappeared. 

5. Yoga of love (bhakti yoga, karma yoga) is a way to do yoga exercises while combining them with the energy of love. Yoga also possesses a power to cleanse and can lead you to enlightenment in a simple way. Yoga of love awakens the love in you, and brings you to a life in light and love. 1. Find a spiritual role model you like and trust. 2. Connect to this role model daily. 3. Send light and love to all people regularly. 4. Feel connected to your role model while you do your yoga exercises. 5. Wish for happiness for all beings, as well as love and peace. 

6. Samadhi means happiness, in my view, which is experienced in deep meditation and enlightenment. Moses practiced kundalini yoga and reached enlightenment. It is also implied that he threw his staff (kundalini channel) onto to the earth (he earthed himself), the staff then changed into a snake (the kundalini energy rose) which gave him special powers. Kundalini yoga is the basis of Judaism and Christianity, even if only a few Christians realize that. They don’t understand the symbolic language of the bible. In paradise, the kundalini snake wrapped itself around the tree of enlightenment (the kundalini channel). Jesus also practiced meditation on the mountain. He arrived quickly in light and could see Moses and Elia (two desert yogis). 

7. You don’t have to know the term kundalini to practice kundalini yoga. If you look closer at Christian and Jewish teachings, you will find a lot of techniques of kundalini yoga. Jacob  wrestled with God and put his hands on his hips. That is a yoga technique to awaken kundalini energy. To visualize God is a technique of kundalini yoga, just as it is kundalini yoga to connect with the saints and angels or to visualize paradise with a tree. To see two trees in paradise means to activate both of the side channels. To bless   other people with light will get the light flowing in yourself as well. 

8. There is only one energy, one light, one God, one Holy Ghost. The spiritual energy can be awakened in many different ways. Kundalini yoga is the way to activate the middle energy channel. That’s one of the quick ways to enlightenment, but isn’t the only one. The energy of God can also flow from the heavens through the crown chakra or fill the heart chakra or appear when a person is grounded well. One of the ways to ground yourself is to go for a walk. 

9. In yoga, there’s a technique where you can consciously leave the body. Advanced yogis can die when they consider the point in time to be correct. When the soul leaves the body through the skull chakra, it ascends to heaven. The body then dies within three days. In Tibetan Buddhism there is training to learn how to do this. In Amitabha Buddhism you visualize a golden Buddha Amitabha above the crown chakra in heaven, in order to ascend there with a mantra. I believe that at some advanced point in time in yoga, you automatically get the ability to consciously leave the body and consciously die. Pyar Troll tried that once in meditation, arrived in highest paradise and then didn’t want to leave. Only the love of his followers brought him back to earth. 

11. You advanced quickest along the way that is best for you. Many yogis like to live very disciplined and strict lives. I prefer the middle way. Swama Sivananda gave his students either the way of karma yoga (love), of hatha yoga (body exercises), of jnana yoga (wisdom, contemplation, “who am I?” ), of raja yoga (meditation) or of bhakti yoga (honoring God and masters), depending on the personalities of said students. Some students he recommended take a strict way, others a more gentle approach. Generally speaking, the students advanced more when being consistent. 

11. I don’t believe it’s necessary to sacrifice chocolate in order to come to enlightenment. Enlightenment requires an inner departure from the world more so than a complete outer renunciation. If you become attached to worldly enjoyment and have worldly wishes, your energy goes to the outer world. You rest in the inner happiness of enlightenment when the energy is directed inwards and can collect there. Outer renunciation can be helpful so that the spirit isn’t always occupied by material things. For me, it was important to destroy all attachment. I had to give up sex as a part of that. 

12. Generally, I prefer a medium spiritual way. You should center yourself in God and not in the outer world, but joy in life can be helpful for the spiritual way. The important thing is to enjoy everything in the right amount and right way. I eat chocolate every day to motivate myself for the spiritual way. I can take the spiritual approach when it’s connected to worldly joy. A tantra yogi is allowed to eat meat and have a relationship. In enlightenment, there is no more separation between the world and God. Everything is light and can be a help or a hindrance along the spiritual way. 

13. We need a lot of yogis in the west. I teach a simple way that can be practiced by everyone. I’ve developed my yoga style in a simple way for normal people who attend the night school where I teach. No one needs to be super- strict. It’s enough to live according the five basics of health (some exercise, healthy diet, avoid harmful substances, enough relaxation, positive thinking).

14. According to the Indian philosophy, we’re living in the Kali Yuga era, the era of the ego and suffering. This era will be stopped someday by the golden era. In order for this to happen, all good people have to do something. With the support of God, the efforts of good people will make it succeed. God’s support is already reinforced by many enlightened masters, angels, saints. He sent them to earth to achieve the victory of the good. Important is that humankind overcomes its extreme ego. This is what the enlightened masters are working for. 

15. You have to let go of the world to come to the level of light. You have to make the glass of worldly wishes empty so that God can fill it with light. In the Bible, it says that you have to basically choose between God (inner happiness) and money (worldly happiness). Buddha taught that attachment on worldly pleasures has to be let go of in order to come to nirvana. The spiritual energy of a person can flow into the outside world, or can collect on the inside. In yoga, living away from the world and getting a lot of rest is important. You can live within the world, and be departed from it on the inside.  According to my experience, you can enjoy material pleasure to encourage your inner happiness. I prefer to take a medium, moderate spiritual approach. 

16. After I had lived as a yogi for seven years, I was suddenly overcome by the desire to know about my previous lives. I sent my senses back in time and felt a resonance at a certain time. Then a certain resistance appeared, then I felt, saw even closer. One after another, I mentally sensed four earlier lives. I could recognize the place, time and also the nature of these previous lives. In yoga, you use spiritual exercises systematically to get rid of tension in the body and mind. Then one day you can access stress situations from earlier lives. Traumatizing and particularly stressful events remain in the spirit , and when you get rid of tension, the situations which caused you stress before appear in dreams or when you are awake as short scenes that are viewed in the mind’s eye. The processes of dissolving tension are often combined with bodily reactions like restlessness, muscle shivers, heat or cold waves. 

17. For me, first the tension from my present life dissolved. In film-like scenes in my mind’s eye, I saw stressful exam situations,  relationship conflicts and accidents I wanted to forget. As I could still remember what had caused me stress, the connection between the spiritual exercises and the letting go of inner tension and the appearance of dreams and images was apparent to me. I learnt to differentiate between dreams that came as a result of the exercises and dissolving of tension, and normal dreams. After 11 years as a yogi, suddenly earlier lives appeared in my mind. First, only single earlier lives appeared, then suddenly many came to the surface of my consciousness. After four years the process began to dissipate. In contrast to the intentional attempt to learn about my past lives, now I was seeing short films play before my eyes. I recognized the details of the stress situations and the surroundings I was in. In some pictures I could see some geographic and landmarks of what era I was in. In the course of my spiritual cleansing processes, I have seen some thousands of earlier lives. 

18. After my last relationship came to an end, I lived alone for ten years. For three years I’ve met a lot of friends over the internet. I think that’s very nice. It’s easier to be happy when you have at least one good friend. It’s important to be positive and honest when communicating with one another so that both friends can grow spiritually and have harmony, love and truth with one another and within each of themselves. 

19. I was just at the drug store. An Indian woman works there as a cashier. At first, I thought it was Mother Meera sitting there. She is about the same size and same age. The Indian woman had strong spiritual energy. I think she also sensed me, too. I didn’t say that I live here as a yogi and am a yoga teacher. (Maybe then she would have tried to make me her house priest) I wondered where she got such strong energy. She probably does her spiritual rituals daily, like most Indian woman. She connects with her enlightened masters and is guided by them daily. She probably does her job as karma yoga. She doesn’t do it to earn money, but as service to other people. She greets every customer warmly and talks to each one. She builds up her customers emotionally. I felt stronger emotionally after talking to her. I smiled after visiting. I should go to that shop more often. 

20. This last night I had another cleansing crisis. Strong energies flowed through me and I couldn’t sleep. My psyche was ready to break down. I considered what techniques might help. I oriented myself around God-Yoga. I connected my energy with the death goddess Kali with the chain of skulls around her neck. I sacrificed myself in my suffering. I then connected with the goddess of strength Durga, who rides on a Tiger. I identified with her, and received a lot of energy. Then I saw myself as the goddess of happiness, Lakshmi in order to connect with inner happiness. As Sarasvati, I centered myself in wisdom to get through the difficulties. Finally, I was Sri Devi, the mother of all beings. I sent all beings light and so arrived in the dimension of all-encompassing love. The five goddesses activated my kundalini energy and gave me the power to get through the difficult times. I let go of the five goddesses in that I made it clear that God is pure consciousness and above all identities. You can dissolve the goddesses in God, or let their energies play out and disappear on their own. 

21.  God-yoga (role model yoga) is the highest form of yoga. The four main goddesses in yoga are Durga (the power goddess on the tiger), Kali ( the black goddess with the sword), Sarasvati (the wise goddess with the book), and Lakshmi (the happiness goddess with the giving hands.) Durga is the goddess of strength. She rides a tiger or lion. She has the strength of a tiger. Whatever she decides to do, she accomplishes. She is a winner. We stretch both fists high, shake them and think of the word “strength” until we feel the strength of Durga within. Kali is the black goddess with the sword. She cuts off Shiva’s head (her own head). She sacrifices her ego and thus comes to inner peace. She gets through the overcoming of all attachments, and over her own body and comes to a life in light. Sacrifice your ego. Put your hands in your lap. Rub your right foot and then your left foot in a circle against the earth, feel and visualize the ground beneath you and think :” I let go of my false wishes. I accept the suffering in my life. I flow positively with life.” What do you need to let go of today? What do you want to accept today? What is your way of ego-sacrifice and inner peace?

22. A lot of people experiment with contact to spirits on the other side. In shamanism, you call dead relatives or protective spirits. In Satanism, you connect with satan to get his power and strength. Channeling lets you connect with angels and ascended masters and for them to speak through you. You don’t know if you’re dealing with good or bad spirits. A woman told me once that she became possessed by a devil when channeling  who steals her strength and is impossible to get rid of. What can you do in such situations? You can connect with higher spirits like Jesus, Krishna or Buddha who are obviously good and enlightened. Then you get help. You can concentrate on positive characteristics such as peace, love, wisdom and happiness. Then at some point fear and negative beings will get weaker. You can also orient yourself around the fact that there is only God, and that God is in everything that appears and everything can and will be dissolved in pure consciousness one day.

23. How do you solve the problem of fear of the devil at a deep level? By destroying him, which is done by having a non- dualistic image of God. God is above the devil. God is enlightenment consciousness of peace, love and happiness. God is pure light. God is knowledge of unity. Those who rest within God know there is no devil and no demons. Fear of the devil can be overcome by achieving an enlightenment consciousness. If you don’t have any more thoughts, then fears and devils disappear. There are two basic techniques for this. If you get afraid by thinking of the devil, then concentrate on God, and become one with God. This can also be achieved through a prayer to God, Jesus or an enlightened master you trust. Pray as long as you need to come to the pure light of God. Another way is to do a resting meditation and allow all of your fears to come and go as they wish. They will then play out and disappear on their own. Both techniques of prayer and meditation are good to combine. 

24. I don’t believe in curses. Those who go with God are protected. If someone curses you, then connect with God or an enlightened master through a prayer. Pray for those who curse and send them light. In that way, no curse can reach you. Today, every person is confronted with negative energies. We have to learn to deal with that in a positive way. When there’s a problem in your life, it doesn’t necessarily come from a curse. There are problems in every life, and they help you to inner growth. 

25. Saint Patrick, the missionary of Ireland was constantly attacked by evil sorcerers. They couldn’t do anything to him because he had protected himself with a prayer (lorica prayer): “I call to God to protect me from the sorcery of the women and smiths and druids. Christ protect me against poison, against fire, water, wounds. Christ be with me, Christ me in front of me, Christ behind me, Christ in me, Christ under me, Christ above me, Christ to the right, Christ to the left, Christ be where I lie, Christ be where I sit, Christ where I stand, Christ be in the heart of everyone, Christ be in the mouth of all those who speak of me, Christ be in the eye of those who see me, Christ be in every ear that hears me.” 

26. Overcoming negative energies is often hard work that takes a long time. Continue consistently on the way of light and everything will be good. Things will get easier, and problems will disappear. The important thing is you work with your thoughts and bring them to rest. Then positive thinking and meditation can take place. Through the way of light you can dissolve all negative energies that affect you from the outside. When you accept the suffering in your life calmly and concentrate on the good in life, you can also be happy in a life that is constantly changing on the outside. 

27. The kundalini energy has been rather extreme for me for the last two months. I am exhausted, but I still manage to get through the crises. At the moment, things have calmed a bit and there is a certain happiness energy present. I switch between states of happiness and inner cleansing. The happiness energy is slowly growing. I consider my life blessed. 

28. I cleanse myself regularly with my walks, through meditation, by reading spiritual texts and with my work for a happy world. I am constantly in a cleansing and growth process. Every day I connect with my enlightened masters and listen to my inner voice. In this way, I am lead through life in an optimal way. Negative energies are cleansed on their own. Happiness, peace and love develop. It’s important that I bring many elements of joy into my life every day. 

29. Beware of the false gurus in every religion. They bring only messages of violence, material riches and separation. They work for their egos and take advantage of their followers. They are very clever. We can only see through them using a lot of wisdom. We should take note of the fruits of their efforts. Do they harvest the fruits of peace, love, happiness and enlightenment? Or is it hate, war and ego? Do they tolerate other opinions or do they accept only their own? A true mystic lives in wisdom and love. He or she radiates truth and love. 

30. The TV asana is one of my favorite exercises. I can manage it for three hours, though normally two hours are enough. If you watch TV with enough inner sense, you can also come to enlightenment that way. For me, TV has become a type of meditation. Watching TV and going for walks regularly are my Buddha way to light.  The important thing when watching TV is that you see through the negative thoughts and attachments and let go of them. Watching TV can be an intense spiritual training that helps you to overcome various material attachments. How do you get rid of material addiction? By recognizing that enlightenment is better than the rich and beautiful. God is bigger than TV. Those who recognize that work toward a life in light, for inner peace and all-encompassing love.

== May ==
[[File:The Hindu Goddess Parvati LACMA M.72.1.14 (1 of 2).jpg|thumb|The Hindu Goddess Parvati]]
1. Love is on its way. Yesterday evening, a blockage in my heart chakra let go. In this way, my front energy channel opened. I felt such a strong cleansing in the channel from the forehead over the heart chakra to the tips of the toes that I couldn’t fall asleep for a long time. Then suddenly the energy became weaker, and I fell into a restless sleep that I woke up from several times. After waking up for the day, I went for my walk in the woods, to get moving and use the energy for something. Then I meditated for an hour, and now I feel better. 

2. I’ve been posting fairytales in an esoteric forum daily, as of late. Today I posted the Rossmann’s Magic Harp. In the original version, a man with a blocked heart chakra falls in love with an angel and chaos ensues. He has to choose between his wife and the angel. If we see the angel as the ambassador of God, the man has to choose between God (enlightenment) and the outside world. He decides on his wife, but is never really happy. That’s how it is once you’ve gotten to know great happiness just once. But according to my experience, you can make compromises. You should take the spiritual path as the main point of your life. If a relationship is lived out wisely, then it can be a way of light and support both partners on the spiritual way. Then at some point, both live in light, in paradise and in all-encompassing love and in God. That would be my end for the fairytale. 

3. What is the spiritual meaning of the fairytale Sleeping Beauty? Those who want to come to enlightenment and a life in God and light first have to work with their thoughts. They have to put their thoughts in order, and make a golden carpet of happiness from their thoughts. They have to think positively and should think of the characteristics of inner peace, love, wisdom, self-discipline and joy of life and train these characteristics.  That’s what the German version of the story tells us. 

4. The daily work with ones thoughts are symbolized by the spinning wheel. Those who work on their thoughts enough will come to a point in time where the chakras open. The spiritual energy begins to flow. Then it’s time to emphasize meditation. When Sleeping Beauty sleeps, it means she is meditating. She meditates on the kundalini energy that woke her up through a prick on the finger. In yoga it is called the bite of the kundalini snake. A chakra in the finger or point of the toe opens through the grace of God (or a wise woman). The enlightenment energy flows gently and continuously into the person. It is a great blessing when such takes place. The person is blessed with enlightenment. Then that person needs to just wait and do their spiritual exercises regularly. Sleeping Beauty slept for 100 years. 

5. When the time is right, the roses start to bloom and the prince appears. Sleeping Beauty is kissed awake through God (light, the Holy Ghost) and the mystic wedding can take place. The mystic wedding consists of three steps: cleansing, enlightenment, and unity. The person is filled with light, feels his world is full of light and his or her ego is dissolved and he or she lives in light and in a paradise of the consciousness. He or she recognizes the roses of love in the world. He or she concentrates on the good and beautiful, and remains in light. 

6. I’ve lived as a yogi for 25 years and have worked toward enlightenment. Along the way on the mountain of happiness, I’ve encountered a lot of swamps, steep paths and dark forests. I hide at night mainly to grow spiritually. Somehow I always manage to get enough sleep, but it’s a difficult and strenuous time. 

7. The divine source has opened. It bubbles with joy. It brings darkness into light. I dissolve it through meditation and positive thinking. When negative images from earlier lives appear, I let them play out and go through the rage and sadness, become one with all of the monsters, enemies from earlier lives, and they dissolve. If you block your fear, it becomes stronger. If you sacrifice yourself to yourself, the fears disappear. And suddenly the little yogi comes to light. 

8. Yesterday, my musician friend from Berlin came to visit. His mother lives nearby. He visits her every three months and then comes to visit me too. He gets yoga cookies with chocolate and a cup of coffee. We get along well. He tells me about his life as a musician. I tell him the latest details from my wild yogi life. 

9. There once was a woman who was searching for happiness. One day she came to a big forest and met an old yogi there. The old yogi was nice and she fell in love with him. She fell in love with his spiritual self. She learnt through love to get to know herself better. By loving the old yogi, she found her way to herself. The yogi showed her his big forest, the wild animals and the sun in the sky. In the spring they planted flowers of love. The whole summer long, flowers bloomed of all different types. Their life was full of color, sun and the singing of the birds. In the fall, they were overjoyed at the sight of the mushrooms in the forest. In the winter, they loved the snow and clear air. They talked about God, spirituality and love. They were happy with one another. One day, they both awoke in light. They lived in light, in God, and in love. Many people came and visited them. And if they haven’t died yet, then they still live today and give the gift of the flowers of light and of love. 

10. There are enlightened masters in every religion, who teach the unity of all religions and don’t mind mixing belief systems. In Christianity, the Catholic priest Bede Griffiths that only all of the religions together can give way to the complete picture. In Hinduism, Ramakrishna practiced all of the major religions and recognized they all lead to enlightenment. The Tibetan Buddhism is a mixture of many different Hindu teachings connected with the way of Buddha. 

11. I compared my enlightenment with the teachings of Jesus, Buddha and yoga. I recognized that all of the major religions are based around an enlightenment experience. You could also call this a God experience. The basis of all religions on a deeper level is mysticism, I am convinced of it. I have also recognized the fact that religions have varied points of emphasis and varied energies and I need the energy of every religion. According to the teachings of yoga, you can follow the masters of various religions. You can follow your own favorite mix. 

12. Rumi (sufi mystic): If you do things from your soul, then you will be in harmony with yourself. Then you will feel joyful. 

13. Nils: Hello Karl, how is your enlightenment developing? Karl: Personal progress is always interrupted by doubt. The need for calm is growing, and the silence is as well, and listening to the depth of my heart. I melt into the universe, into everything. I overcome dualism, also time and space. 

14. Nils: I’ve met a woman over the internet whom I write emails with daily. Sometimes we talk on the telephone. I’ve decided to take things as they come. If a woman enters my life, then that’s how it should be. I see myself as being lead by God. And if God thinks I need a woman and a woman needs me, then there is no reason to go against this. I’m curious as to how my spiritual path will develop.

15. Feelings come and go. That belongs to life, and especially to love. If there isn’t any jealousy, then there also isn’t any kind of deep love either. It’s important not to overdo it. Along the way of enlightenment, you learn to keep feelings within a certain framework and not to let them rule you. You learn to center yourself in God, in your inner happiness. Then you don’t become overcome by feelings like fear, rage, jealousy or grief. 
 
16. Two people fall in love. Then after awhile, love disappears and then boredom or hatred appears. This can only be avoided through the spiritual approach to life. If two people go the spiritual way together, then they can open the heart chakra further and futrhter, and things will never get boring because enlightenment and love is a constant adventure. 
 
17. The yoga god Shiva meditates and switches between phases of outer activity and meditation. (Having a relationship and resting in meditation). That’s a good way to grow in light. Through tantric yoga, kundalini energy can be activated. You meditate afterward. Then the man and woman heal and become enlightened. Tantric yoga is a way of healing in the context of a relationship, when it’s based on love and loyalty. 

18. You can base a relationship around striving for enlightenment. You should emphasize God (spirituality, calm, centering oneself). One should always listen to the voice of inner wisdom. 

19. Living alone is difficult for most people. You can harden on the inside and block sexuality and the desire for a relationship. There are people who have hindered their enlightenment. It’s important for me to have enough joy in life in my spiritual approach. A relationship can be a part of that. 

20. Experiencing God is possible. A person can develop their inner happiness, inner peace, and love. He or she can live in light. Meditation is a way to enlightenment. First you become enlightened through meditation and then you practice keeping this state of being after meditating. Meditation and acting in the world will become one state of being. 

21. For the spiritual approach you don’t need yoga exercises. But it’s faster with asanas for most people. The asanas stabilize the health and help get rid of tension. If the body isn’t cleansed of tension, spiritual progress is difficult. In yoga and in Tibetan Buddhism, that’s the reason you do bodily exercises for a long time before you begin with higher forms of meditation. In my view, it doesn’t need to be yoga exercises. Taking walks regularly is also a good way to cleanse the inner self. Muktananda first took a pilgrimage to India for 20 years before he committed to 9 years of intense meditation. I take daily walks as my main bodily exercise, but combine it with mantras and breath exercises. 

22. I just got back from a child’s birthday party where I was invited as the magician. It finally worked out! It’s difficult to be a convincing magician for kids these days. Six months ago, it didn’t work out at all. But you can always learn from your mistakes. This time I did everything right: I focused on my strengths. My strengths are yoga and psychology. First I did laugh yoga with the children. Then everyone got into a good mood. And then I showed them my magic tricks. I made a handkerchief appear from my sleeve and the audience could rip it up. Then I made the kerchief disappear in my fist and conjured a whole kerchief from my sleeve. 

23. I conjured a pink plush elephant from my magic hat. I put a little plush mouse into the magic hat and took out a big one from underneath. Finally everyone took a tarot card and I interpreted them. They were happy about that because they felt acknowledged and got a positive perspective on life. What does the happiness oracle say to you today?

24. At the child’s birthday party, there were a lot of energetically sick children and mothers. On the outside I was a happy magician, but energetically I worked as a healer. I took on many energies. I needed two days to work them out. During the course of those two days, visions of people appeared originating from the people whose energy I needed to cleanse myself of. I was a magician on the inside and outside, at the child’s birthday party. I wasn’t a healer on purpose. I don’t see myself as a healer. I’m just a simple yogi. But if God wants it, then healing takes place in my presence. 

25. Whether or not perfect enlightenment exists, I don’t know. Once your ego has left the picture, you take things as they are. Everything is perfect at that point, even things that aren’t perfect normally. If you find happiness and peace, then the perfect enlightenment isn’t important to you anymore. It’s just enough to find your way of happiness. According to my experience, there is a level of cosmic consciousness (egolessness). But there are many further levels, that are connected to abilities such as healing and seeing into the future. 

26. Enlightenment goes hand in hand with self-realization. The way there varies from person to person. According to my experience, it is enough to orient yourself around truth and love and to take your personal approach. At some point, you experience God. This might occur after some lives. It goes faster when you lead your life spiritually and can see exactly what is most effective, and wisest. 

27. Those who connect to God or an enlightened master are blessed. He or she is lucky or blessed and is guided into the light. All of the negative happenings in their lives develop into blessings. Difficult times lead to inner growth. If you have a good heart, the devil can’t reach you. The devil is a symbol for the ego. In order to come to enlightenment, you have to overcome the ego and develop a cosmic consciousness. You have to learn to deal with suffering in a laidback way. You can’t get trapped in worldly addictions like the ferryman, who longs for money and material riches. You have to let go of your wordly wishes. Then you are free. Get the three golden hairs daily with spiritual practice, all-encompassing love and prayer to God. Then you will be blessed. 

28. The personal image of God often leads to problems with great suffering in the world. Many people have lost their faith for that reason, but God is above joy and above suffering. God is the enlightened consciousness of unity. Moses speaks of “I am”. If you take things as they come, you will come to inner peace. If you practice enough spiritual exercises, you can reach enlightenment. In enlightenment, you can rise above outer suffering. The spiritual way helps to deal with suffering. We should avoid suffering as much as it is possible. 

29. The fairytale of the Six Servants gives away the techniques we need to come to enlightenment. The first thing we need to do is to see our goal clearly. Then we need to be light. The second thing we need is the perseverance to reach our goal. We need the long legs of the servant. The third thing we need is a good sense of ourselves and what exercises are effective. We have to be like the clairvoyant  to hear within the self. We need techniques like meditation and thought work to charge ourselves with spiritual energy. We need to learn to save energy in the belly, like the fat man. There’s a simple technique for that. We visualize our foot in our bellies and think a mantra (for example: I’m thankful for the good food) or a prayer (God bless my food). That’s a good exercise for christimas. At some point, the kundalini energy rises in the body and inner happiness appears. If we give that happiness on to other people, there will be a happy Christmas. 

30. Once we’ve awakened our inner happiness with kundalini yoga, we meditate on the spiritual energy. A good technique for that is the tratak, the meditation gaze. If we concentrate on an outer point, we can keep the spirit calm. If we don’t fall asleep during the medtation (the third test in the fairy tale, then our consciousness will change to enlightenment consciousness at some point. We arrive in the unity of the cosmos (the golden ring) and feel the energy of God in and around us (the energy sea) and the mystic wedding can take place. The energy of God begins to cleanse us on the inside. There are cold and heat waves, like the servent felt in the fire. Then the body can let go of inner tension through spasms. If we meditate enough, the inner impurities will be burnt and we land in light. 

31. But there is a danger: the spiritual pride. Even an enlightened person can have certain negative characteristics. We need to develop humility and modesty. We should see ourselves as servants of our fellow humans. Then we can come to complete enlightenment. We are happy on the inside and outside. We can recognize the beauty in the world (the beauty and the daughter of the king) without following into the trap of the sorceress. We get the enlightenment view of the world. What thoughts help you to see your world as a paradise? What is your positive thought of the day? 

== June ==
[[File:Dalai Lama Milan.jpg|thumb|400px|Dalai Lama]]

1.  The fairy tale of the Valiant Little Tailor gives us courage. Trust yourself and live wisely. Even a weak person can win on the spiritual way. You only need perseverance. There are seven chakras (energy gates). When all of them are purified, the kundalini energy rises in the body to the head and you are united with God. You live in unity and light. In order to achieve the mystic wedding, the little tailor has to be clever and courageous. He wins over his inner giants, and cleverly flows with his inner impulses and directs them in the right direction.

2.  The unicorn represents the enlightenment energy that the tailor awakens through clever spiritual exercises in the tree of enlightenment (the kundalini channel). The wild boar, or the wild nature of the tailor (the ego) is tamed. It is locked into a church. In this way the inner transformation can succeed. The tailor becomes king and marries the daughter of the king. He becomes a master of life who lives in light. 

3. My enlightenment is progressing slowly. Six months ago, the big transformation began. The first five weeks were difficult. Then it got easier. I experienced days of intense purification and days of recovery, changing between the two. The cleansing mostly began with a difficult phase where energy blockages from earlier lives dissolved. Then came old feelings and old fears. Thankfully, this phase mostly began in the evening when I watched TV. I was therefore distracted and could get through it. Then around midnight the energy of happiness began to flow. That can last up to 24 hours. It annoyed me a little because I couldn’t sleep and then the next day was tired. 

4. In enlightenment, you experience God and comprehend what God is. Moses described the central being and the way to God as “I am”. God is in silence and calm and can be found within the calm. Then you arrive in happy existence and see God as light in the world. It doesn’t mean you have fear in God, but that you let go of your own will in favor of God. 

5. The point is to be merciful and to find the mercy and grace of God. God goes beyond material. People block their way to God when they focus on material instead of God. Those who are merciful, help the poor and work for the happiness of all beings will be rewarded with growth in the light. 

6. If you see God as a person in heaven, then you have problems with the suffering on earth. If you try to be within God, you overcome the inner suffering. Then through the way of spiritual practice you can accept suffering at a deeper level and integrate it within your life and grow within and arrive in peace. You will find that despite and because of your suffering you will grow in light and develop inner happiness. You can be blessed however your outer life develops. 

7. Kundalini processes are constantly taking place within me. The night before yesterday, I couldn’t sleeping because such strong energy was flowing. I lay the entire night in a state of happiness energy, and the day too. But exactly at 8 pm something let go in me. I went through difficult energies that I overcame by watching interesting television. Then I meditated an hour and went for a walk in the forest and again arrived in happiness. 

8. I have a crazy daily schedule. I mostly watch TV from 8-10 pm. Then I meditate an hour and go into the forest for an hour. At 12 midnight I’m on the internet for an hour. Then I read a little and go to bed. I sleep and meditate until 10 or 11 am. At 1pm I am normally available. I sit at the computer and take care of my tasks. When I’m done with that, I go for a walk, eat and meditate. This daily schedule works for me, but I’m flexible. I can change my schedule according to outer or inner situations. I feel within myself, what the correct way is at any given time. So I remain in a constant spiritual process of growth. 

9. Survey on happiness 2013: health and family and friends are among the most important factors for people to develop personal happiness. People also consider work important, but religion is less and less important in the eyes of most people. One third of those surveyed think it is important, two thirds think it is not important, and 34 percent think religion has nothing to do with it. 72 percent of Germans belong to a religious community, but even among them, they have less and less religious conviction. 

10. China is going in the wrong direction and doesn’t notice. Maximum economic growth and maximum consumption are a stupid idea. The people in China will just keep getting unhappier and unhappier despite growing wealth. Just like in Germany. Depression is growing. People are more psychically ill. The point of life is maximum inner happiness and not maximum outer happiness. The right idea is a socialist one, that everyone has enough to eat and a good life. Then there can be inner self-realization. A happy and thriving society can only be based on inner happiness and the associated principles of spirituality, enlightenment and all-encompassing love. Reforms are correct and necessary. But the correct long-term perspective is missing in the reforms that take place today. As long as that isn’t recognized, China will just collapse. It shouldn’t orient itself as a country around the west, but on the wisdom of the Chinese ancients. 

11. I’ve had some detail discussions about God in a Catholic and a Protestant internet forum. I’ve published this in the American Wikibooks and on the German Wordpress site. I felt the energies of the readers flow through me all week. Many people connected with my heart. I sent them light and love and prayed for them. I healed and cleansed them as much as possible. Otherwise, I prayed with my masters and left the healing to God. As far as help is needed, it will come from God. I believe that. 

12. The readers had a varied array of problems. Many monks blocked their sexual energy because they consider sex sinful. They view sexuality in a dogmatic way. They were so tense, they couldn’t go forward in their spirituality. I could feel their problems. I considered how I could help them. All of the encouraging words that they should see things in a more laidback way were no help. I walked in the forest, did my spiritual exercises and healed them spontaneously. Spontaneously a lot of the blockages were healed, just by going for a walk.

13. Many of the readers were conflicted over whether God exists as a being who can act and intervene in the world. Does God help in times of emergency? I was also concerned with the question. The answer came the same night. I had a healing vision and I felt healing within minutes. It was clear that God intervened when my way became difficult. I now feel more calm when going through my kundalini processes. If God helps me, then everything will surely be alright in the end. I also believe though, that God puts me through a bit too many difficulties and could help me more. But God probably thinks I can handle it and will grow from the experience.

14. Afterwards, I thought about God. God is enlightenment consciousness that flows through the cosmos. God is happy existence, peace, and unity consciousness. God is in “I am”, in enlightened existence. Enlightened existence arises through serenity, meditation and working on the mind (to take things as they are, and to let go of material wishes). 

15.. God is also love. The love of God acts especially though the enlightened masters. The enlightened masters are the incorporation of the love of God so that God can help people.All of them together form the energy field of love. Everyone helps with his or her special abilities. 

16. Tibetan Buddhism came into existence around 900 AD. There is still a lot to be done for it to adjust to today’s world. Otherwise, Tibetan Buddhism is a good religion that deals with meditation, kundalini yoga and all encompassing love. The Dalai Lama believes in equality for men and women. He teaches modesty and love for other beings. 

17. Words of the Dalai Lama: those who feel demoralized, sad and only complain won’t solve their problems that way. If we only pray, we won’t solve our problems. We have to trust ourselves, and never give up. 

18. There is a tantric practice in Tibetan Buddhism. The Nyingmapa bransch of Tibetan Buddhism is nondogmatic and members can live as monks or as free yogis in relationships. Normally, sexual union is only visualized. Through Tantric God unity images the kundalini energy is activated. 

19. I have just discovered an interesting video online. It deals with the cooperation of masculine and feminine energies. At the first level, it deals with addictive relationships. At the second level, you concentrate on yourself (self-enlightenment). At the third level, you flow positively with all energies. At this level, men and women work together toward enlightenment. 

20. I’ve lived as a yogi and a hermit for 25 years. At the moment, something is changing. I don’t know how long this transformation phase will last. I don’t know what the next step is in this transformation and which missions I will have to fulfill. I can only wait and see what the right way will be. I navigate my way creatively every day. How much personal contact is important? How much peace and quiet and solitude do I need?

21. Some perfectionism is sometimes helpful, but one shouldn’t overdo it. I try to balance this. I combine goal-oriented thinking and self-discipline with a laid-back attitude and knowing that I am imperfect. I feel out what I need to grow optimally spiritually. That is my perfectionism; the exact observation and feeling out what I need. 

22. I have a difficult time behind me. Now it seems to be getting better. I go to bed, observe my body and am curious what will happen. Does the energy start to flow? Is it so strong that I can’t sleep? How long will the energy flow? Three hours, 24 hours, or 2 days? If I get four hours of sleep I’m happy. That’s enough for me. The cleansing process circles my body and my spirit. Again and again fears, relationship longings and additions and nervousness appear. The most difficult phases are overcome by watching TV, going for walks, doing meditation and mantras. I enjoy something nice to awaken joy. 

23. I have a girlfriend. OK, ”girlfriend” is maybe going too far. She wrote to me online and we email, skype or talk on the telephon every day. It’s like a real relationship because we can feel each other’s energies even at a distance. God sent her to me so that I would be strengthened and encouraged on my way. She is very self-confident. She just explained to me: “the mistress recognizes the master”.

24.  We learn from one another and support each other along the spiritual way. She says “life is beautiful.” I would formulate it for myself like this: “life is. You can use joy or suffering in order to grow in enlightenment.”

25. My girlfriend is an important part of my spiritual path at the moment. I connect with her, meditate on her and am in happiness. I see her as a goddess, and activate my kundalini energy that way. I send her light and she dances in happiness. My life is beautiful through her. I can get over the difficult phases. There isn’t any more boredom as a hermit. There is something to talk about daily, something to love, and to learn and to laugh about. She has a good sense of humor. I like that. 

26. The magic of happiness is the enlightenment. In enlightenment you get a view of paradise. You see your world as paradise. You can be successful in love because you have happiness, love and positivity in you. 

27. In Mahayana Buddhism there is the goal to free all beings on earth of their suffering. Jesus sacrificed himself to help his suffering fellow humans. He gave his own life to help people on the way of enlightenment and all-encompassing love. In Yoga, we think the mantra “Lokah Samastah Sukhino Bhavantu” (May all beings be happy.) We practice the way of all-encompassing love and help others as much as possible.

28. Through capitalist globalism a lot of problems in the world are worsening. Although the middle class has grown in India and China and the number of poor perhaps a bit lower, the poverty problem has not been solved. Poverty and hunger in Africa is growing. Through the pressure of industrialization, depression, fear and psychic illness is increasing. 

29. The slums are growing world wide. Two thirds of the farmers in the developing countries will lose their jobs due to farming becoming industrialized. A smaller number of people own more land. The number of landless and starving farmers is increasing. These problems can only be solved by dividing riches more fairly. 

30. We have to change from predator capitalism to a social market economy. Social, economic and ecological problems have to be solved democratically. That can only work when people are centered in positive values like love, peace and justice. Egotistical people in the economy and politics shouldn’t be rewarded anymore. Only people with integrity should rise to the top. Positive values should be taught in school and not egotistical pressure to achieve. For a happy world to exist, we need people to find a positive way of dealing with each other. We should visualize ourselves as Buddha, a Goddess or an angel and think “I send all beings light. May all beings be happy. May there be a happy world.”

== July ==
[[File:DiagrammaChakraKundalini.jpg|thumb|Kundalini]]

1. The [[w:Kundalini|kundalini energy]] has been flowing strongly for a few months. I observe the various phases. 1. The tension dissolving phase. Tension dissolves from deep-seated places. That is often unpleasant. Old pain rises again. I have to go through feelings of fear and sadness. My spirit is nervous and negative. I get through these times by watching TV, listening to music, going for walks, reading or meditating. Mostly it lasts three hours, then it all calms down again. 2. The happiness energy flows. I feel how a chakra opens (at the moment its usually the solar plexus chakra) Then happiness energy flows through my body for some 24 hours. That is a bit annoying at night because I can’t sleep. On the other hand, I usually just can enjoy the feelings of happiness. 3. The recovery phase. This phase can last a bit longer. 

2. Whenever God (life, my masters) think that I need some rest, the kundalini processes stop and I can rest for a few hours or a few days. At that point I’ve gotten enough rest and the whole thing starts again. It’s a rather strenuous time for me. I hope that it will stop at some point and that I will be in lasting happiness. I know that in the meantime also. It’s a pleasant state to be in. I’m so laidback, happy, full of love and joy. All fears disappear. Such phases come every five days lately. 

3. Kundalini energy is what Christians call the holy Ghost. John the Baptist tranferred kundalini energy to Jesus. Jesus then meditated for 40 days in the desert and arrived in enlightenment. The kundalini energy arrived as a dove from energy. The energy of God can flow in many different ways into a person. It can flow from the heavens through the crown chakra, through love in the heart chakra, or through the second chakra as the power of God or through the root chakra as the peace of God (earthing). I’ve experienced all of these ways. 

4. I think there are various possibilities for life after death. A person can develop spiritually on the other side or in life on earth. Or both, combined. It depends on what a person needs and their abilities and what they have decided. As I know thousands of my earlier lives, I believe in the ability to reincarnate. Jesus promised the seriously practicing Christians a life in paradise after death .The same promise exists in Amitabha Buddhism. In yoga there are also teachings of paradise. Yogis can also come to paradise (Siddhaloka, Shivaloka). 

5. Only a few of those who have reached full enlightenment will come back to earth. Life on earth is full of suffering. One has to have a very strong sense of empathy as an enlightened being to incarnate on earth again. If you reincarnate as an enlightened on earth, you most certainly will din your personal proper spiritual path, at the right moment the right information will come. I came across the philosopher Epicure and knew spontaneously that he was right. I could only consistently follow my spiritual path from that point. A woman one read from a book on Buddhism, and immediately knew which path she had to take. 

6. I had my first enlightenment experience through my first love. She opened my heart chakra and I arrived in light. Maybe that’s why I still love women, because through them I can see  the beauty of God. 

7. For me, the Indian Gods are symbolic role models for enlightenment. If we meditate on them, pray to them and identify with them, we awaken our kundalini energy. Then we will become Gods, everyone in his own way. The Gods incorporate various characteristics that you need for enlightenment. Such characteristics as wisdom (Brahma), strength (Shiva), rest (Buddha), love (Lakshmi), meekness (Shiva let Kali overpower him) and happiness (Ganesha). 

8. In my view, there is no devil. The devil is a symbol for the ego, that you overcome with enlightenment. Jesus arrived in enlightenment after 40 days of meditation. The devil left him and the angels served him. He could help and heal other people. An enlightened (saint) doesn’t see the devil, rather God and light in his fellow beings. 

9. God goes beyond good and evil. God is light. You recognize that in enlightenment. You arrive in enlightenment in that you go beyond the level of good and evil, joy and suffering. You achieve that through meditation, in that your mind comes to rest, and also through all-encompassing love, in that you accept suffering and problems in your life. 

10. I studied law and considered the reasons for crime. I believe teaching guilt and social pre-destiny. According to the teachings of pre-destiny, everything is determined already. The reasons for crime are in the outer circumstances of life, and in the psyche. Crime  can be stopped by improving the conditions people live in and by changing the mental pre-disposition of perpetrators. Earlier in Ladakh (an Indian Buddhist region) there was no violence. First with the introduction of western civilization was there violence there. 

11. If we perceive God as a dimension of consciousness in which enlightenment is experience, then we can understand the mystery of suffering. Suffering can lead us to wisdom and empathy. Wisdom is a method to avoid suffering and to reach happiness. Empathy is a way to identify with others and to help them overcome their suffering. Both lead to an enlightened consciousness of unity. If we deal with suffering correctly, then we can grow into enlightenment. We can rise above the suffering in our lives if we do our spiritual exercises and concentrate on building a happy world. 

12. A lot of people have trouble with self-discipline, but self-discipline can be learnt. According to my experience, it’s best to make a clear daily schedule and then follow it consistently for 1-2 months. That’s the time it takes for the mind to get used to it. Self-discipline is important for the way of enlightenment and the way of love. Without self-discipline, you quickly become a victim of your own foolishness, the foolishness of others or from negative energy. In the western world, we live torn between worldly and spiritual energy. Without proper grounding in wisdom and self-discipline it’s hard to stand the worldly energies. 

13. God is a mystery that can also be described with the words, father, son and holy Ghost. From the perspective of enlightenment God is the father of the cosmos, the entirety, the unity consciousness. God as the son is every enlightened person. God as the holy Ghost is the spiritual energy. The kundalini energy mostly rises from the pelvis to the middle of the body up to the head. Then it reaches the crown chakra and consciousness of God is attained. 

14. Suffering in the world can only be ended through the overcoming of the ego of humanity and with a philosophy of love and happiness for all. Many enlightened people are needed for that. Before the Mongolians became the enlightened Tibetan masters of Buddhism, they were warrior-like and put people through a lot of suffering. Then they were a peaceful people. Humankind can become happier. Human rights are an important step in that direction. 

15. I like to plan my life well. I expect to live somewhere between 80 and 90 years. I mentally prepare myself for that. I organize my life so that I get to experience the most important things. I plan my spiritual development so that I am as enlightened as possible before my death. Those who are enlightened can go through death well, thanks to their strong inner energy, and then they reach paradise after death as they already dwell in a paradise consciousness before death. 

16. People in my family usually live to be very old, around 94 years. If I get older than 80, I see that as a gift. If I die sooner, I accept it. God’s plan goes before human plans. But a person can do a lot to live long and to become enlightened. You can live healthy and think positively. Those who eat healthy and exercise regularly live longer. Those who practice spiritually have a good chance of coming to light after death. 

17. Life can only be planned to a certain degree. There are always coincidences which can’t be planned. You have to be flexible to live well. And you should not only think of the future, but live in the present. You need to enjoy life enough. Those who experience enlightenment recognize the deeper point of life. Only a life in enlightened existence and all-encompassing love give deepest fulfillment. 

18. I experience God as an identity-less existence, as the highest consciousness in the whole cosmos. About God’s actions I can only say that my life has developed in a certain way that I see as directed. I cannot say exactly from whom these actions come. If God is a cosmic enlightenment consciousness at the center of happy existence, then God as a being who can act is above all identities and images. You can’t feel any specific being, just the results of the actions in your life. These actions are so subtle that they can only be felt, but cannot be proven. This cannot be measured scientifically, only judged by your own feelings and observed. 

19. I connect to my enlightened masters every day because they inspire me. They are Buddha, Jesus, Swami Sivananda, Sathya Sai Baba, Dalai Lama, Amritananadamayi, Anandamayi Ma, Mother Meera and Epicure. I have tested their teachings with my own experiences and have found them good. I visualize their images, think their names, and read their books. I follow their teachings as far as that works for me. There are many videos on the net which feature my masters. 

20. You can also pray directly to God, It doesn’t matter which names you use. The only important thing is that you are looking for serious guidance and help. The way God helps is to bring you forward spiritually and not to fulfill your egotistical wishes. Everyone can connect with God through prayer, calling, thinking, feeling, oracle, mantra, visualization of a spiritual role model, reading from spiritual texts. 

21. It is important to consistently take the path of wisdom and love each day. The exercises you choose to do are of secondary importance. You should feel within which exercises you need and what will do well for you. Then everything will come at the correct time. Buddha recommended observing the thoughts and to switch between activity (walking) and meditating. For yogis, daily yoga exercises are an important daily ritual. Christians prefer to pray, to read the bible and to visit the church service once a week. Esoterics like to check an oracle, consult angels or the stars for advice. God is in everything and works through everything for those who connect with him seriously. 

22. If you constantly have fearful thoughts, then they can make you sick. If you have thoughts full of rage, then these can lead to rage manifesting on the outside world. Then that person can go so far as to kill themselves of others. Thoughts create our inner feelings and are the basis for our actions. It is important to differentiate between good and bad thoughts and to overcome the bad thoughts. Only in that way can we be happy and build a better world.

23. Everyone is responsible for his or her own life. Everyone is responsible for his or her own thoughts and  actions. The inner happiness develops on its own if we can overcome our inner blockages and attachment to the outer world. The thoughts come to rest, the body relaxes. If the body is relaxed then healing and inner well-being arises. If the spirit is empty of worldly wishes, God can fill you with light and happiness. 

24.. Only those with a goal can achieve a goal.

25. Many things heal on their own. But most illnesses need good medicine. The spiritual path is medicine for inner peace, happiness and all-encompassing love. We should turn earth into a paradise and create love, peace and happiness. Humanity is developing in the direction of enlightenment and a golden age. 

26. It is easier to go through life with company. Two people can support one another on the spiritual path. They can strengthen each other energetically and mentally. God made man and woman so that they can live together in paradise. The central story in the bible shows that. The mystery is that they can both awaken the kundalini snake through their love and sexual energy. Then they can eat the apple of enlightenment, which is a symbol for entirety, unity and life in God. 

27. In that sense, we’re all alike. We are all sparks of God. We can all live in highest happiness. Of course, souls are varied. They have varied abilities and needs. They have different tasks. The problems begin though when some people exploit others, when some live in luxury and others starve. When wars over power and riches take place and people die for no reason, when not everyone is living out their abilities and needs, when not everyone can develop their spiritual potential: these are when trouble starts. 

28. There are different paths to take to get to enlightenment. It is enough to be enlightened, it is enough to have inner peace, happiness and light. But there is also the way of empathy. One sees the suffering in others and helps and wishes other beings happiness and takes others to be more important than oneself. One puts love for others as the first priority and one’s own enlightenment is secondary. The Zen Bodhisattva vow says: the number of beings is eternal, I vow to deliver them all. Greed, hate and ignorance arise constantly, I vow to overcome all of this. The gates of Dharmas is countless, I vow to enter all of them. The path of Buddha is like nothing else,I vow to realize it-

29. Buddha taught that one should bring the self to enlightenment and not harm others. That is also the main way of yoga according to Patanjali. In addition, there is the way of love in Buddhism (Mahayana, Dalai Lama) and in yoga the way of karma yoga often in connection with bhakti yoga. Along the way of love in Buddhism the Bodhisattva is the central model. A Bodisattva sacrifices the complete entrance into Nirvana until one has rescued all fellow beings. 

30. In Yoga, the God of love, Vishnu incarnates on earth when he needs to help people. There are many enlightened masters like Amritanandamayi and Mother Meera who devote their lives to the spiritual rescue of their fellow beings. Amritanandamayi had the choice of becoming a Buddha or a mother of all beings. She decided on the latter. My observation is that there is suffering in the world. There are a lot of egotistical people who cause a lot of suffering. They have the choice of continuing that or to work toward a happy world. It is a blessing that many enlightened masters don’t think just on their own happiness, but on other people. 

31. Yesterday, my television broke. Unfortunately, I was so upset about it that I set some strong energy processes in motion. I tried to stay calm, but that only worked a little. I bought a new television, installed it, and tortured myself with the directions. At some point I tried again, and it suddenly turned off. God is playing with me!

== August ==


1. The present is a time of healing. For the past thirty years, I’ve been burdened by burnout I had from exam stress while studying. I felt powerless and had sleep disturbances. Two weeks ago, a lot of tension dissolved from my head. That was the main cause of my sleep disturbances. For the five days since then, my body feels lighter and I have   more energy. The burnout seems to have healed. At some point that had to happen. The chakras open again and energy can flow once more. The body and the spirit are healthy again. At some point, you have a lot of love, strength, happiness and energy within. 

2. There is God. God is experienced in enlightenment. Then you know what God is. The term God should lead to enlightenment and the experience of God. There are many ways to God. There are many names for Gods. Everyone can choose the path or the name that helps him or her. God is a mystery. Jesus described the mystery of God in his way. He never said his way was the only way. John the Baptist put these words in his mouth in order to divide him from Judaism. Jesus saw himself as a Jew and a follower of Moses and Elija. Jesus didn’t want to start a new religion. His followers tried that. It began with Paul and came to a head some 100 years after Christ with the scripture of John. Today we should try to return to the original Christianity. A good basis for this is the second Vatican council 1962 to 1965 where it was recognized that the light of God shines through all religions. 

3. I believe that everyone has a free will. Everyone can decide whether to go to enlightenment and to God or not. It is the essence of my teachings to recommend the spiritual way to people and for them to decide on enlightenment as a goal. If you decide to go for enlightenment seriously, then God and enlightened masters will help and lead you. Enlightenment means dissolving the ego. And that means that things will develop differently from the way you planned. For me, a woman came into my life totally unplanned and my enlightenment path is developing entirely differently from the way I expected. 

4. There are different ways to enlightenment. The concept of Buddha is significant. A person should avoid attachments and outer enjoyment and to reject suffering and to concentrate on wisdom and should develop inner happiness and inner peace, modesty. Then he or she can reach enlightenment and become a Buddha. Jesus taught that it was good to live in the kingdom of God. The kingdom of God is life in light and the overcoming of duality (good, evil, joy, suffering). Through spiritual energy, you feel connected to everything. You are more connected to your spiritual energy, rather than your body. 

5. The Buddhist enlightenment concept can be described with the image of a resting Buddha. We practice being a Buddha and accepting things calmly. Jesus centered around sacrifice of the ego and to submit to the will of God (life) and to work for the happiness of all beings (and to live in all-encompassing love and to give endlessly). The core of the Christian teachings is love of God and to love others. 

6. In Hinduism, there are many ways to come to light. Shiva is the master of the five elements. He mastered the five characteristics of wisdom, love, strength, calm and joy while living on earth. He awoke his inner happiness with kundalini yoga. His wife Parvati (Shakti) brought love in his life. His son Ganesha preferred the way of joy. At the same time he is also the God of wisdom and success. 

7. Today I’m feeling fine. My cleansing processes are resting a bit. Yesterday night cleansing energy flowed through me for five hours. Then it stopped suddenly and I fell asleep. I slept five hours and felt recovered. After the difficult cleansing, I felt like myself again and back in my normal life. I just wrote in the esoteric forum that my inner happiness is awakened by imagining a beautiful landscape with a person I love. That’s paradise yoga, then you get a feeling of paradise daily. My dream woman exists for real in my life. I get a Darshan from my Goddess daily. 

8. My girlfriend: ”I’ve never had an enlightenment experience, but I’ve seen miracles that prove for me that confirm God’s existence, and that he is with me and also the enlightened masters. I understand that Nils has a need to pass on his experiences, and I think it’s wonderful that he does just that. I also feel that need, but I don’t have his energy or his confidence. My self-doubt, but also the constant conflicts with my ego, and the danger that I could be lead to it make me a “mistress/master in hiding.””

9. And further: ” I was convinced I could find my way on my own, as I didn’t trust anyone or anything other than my understanding and my limited senses. Today I am more humble and mild. I can give up my fighter tendencies for a time and look into the depths of things. There are words I hate such as “you must, you should, you can do this, you can’t do that.” And what do I gladly read in texts from Nils? Just these words!! But now I can perceive them in a different way. I feel their energy, the deeper meaning, not the words or single sentences that bothered me before. I read, feel and can get a lot from the experience and wisdom!”

10. In a dream a little girl appeared to Nils. She had forgotten her name, and who she was. She had lost her enlightenment consciousness. Nils hugged her and caused her to laugh. He felt a great love from heart to heart. He took the little girl by the hand and they went through the dream, full of wonder and surprise, until they both came to a river through which energy began to flow through them both. 

11. The core of enlightenment is the sacrifice of the ego. Without a sacrifice, you can’t come to enlightenment. There is the wisdom sacrifice. We orient ourselves around wisdom and take our personal way of wisdom. We live in rest and spiritual practice to come to light, but there is also the sacrifice of love. We make a sacrifice to others to help them along the spiritual way. We do things for others and go beyond our own fixation on the ego. We work for the happiness of all beings and achieve unity consciousness. 

12. A spiritual person can abstain. He or she can live without a relationship. Many yogis, monks and nuns do just that. Those who want to live in the kingdom of God, should give up outer attachments. Then the life energy flows within and awakens the inner happiness. A lot of rest, living away from the world and effective spiritual exercises like yoga, walking, meditation, reading, praying and working with the thoughts are the basis for enlightenment and a life in light. 

13. For many people, living alone is necessary to be free of the attachments to other people, sex and relationships. For me personally, it was the right thing to live without a relationship for ten years. But I see that a relationship with a woman is good for me. She brings love and joy into my life and opens my heart. I learn to communicate with another person and to see myself in another person. 

14. Relationships can be a spiritual learning process and at the same time a way of opening the heart. A positive relationship can heal through love and sexuality. They can go together to happiness, light and enlightenment. There is the way of tantric yoga. Sexuality is practiced in a way that spiritual energy is awakened and tension is dissolved. Tantric yoga is an art. Healing energies must be developed with losing oneself in worldly energies. It is important to anchor the being in calm, God, and spirituality. We should overcome our attachments through spiritual exercises, through peace and quiet and being alone. We should allow ourselves to be lead through God, our enlightened masters and the voice of our inner wisdom. 

15. [[w:Sathya Sai Baba|Sathya Sai Baba]] is a well-known Indian master. He tells most of his followers to follow the way of the spiritual relationship. He dedicated his book “Sai Baba Talks about Relationships” to his student Stephan von Stepski-Doliwa. He teaches daily meditation, positive thinking and the guidance of the inner voice. He sees sexuality as Godly energy. It should be experienced with joy and responsibility. Both partners should connect themselves with their higher selves or God or light or inner truth. The goal should be to grow in light together. Those who do good for others will harvest goodness. Those who live their relationships through God are blessed. 

16. Selfless serving is an important spiritual exercise for Sai Baba. Sai Baba says “obligate yourself to serve selflessly if you want to keep your heart pure.” Seva gives us the consciousness of unity. Sai Baba says that we should first serve our own families, only then when we’ve fulfilled our obligations in love, then we can go onto the next step of serving the community. The big goal of Sai Baba is to build a golden era on earth. Everyone can help each other. 

17. I believe that Sai Baba was enlightened. His teachings about all-encompassing love are very good. His core teachings were of love, peace, truth, justice and non-violence. He saw ways to God in all religions.

18. Wikipedia: &quot;Śri Sathya Sai Baba was an Indian guru and spiritual leader. The reputed materialisations of vibhuti (holy ash) and other small objects such as rings, necklaces, and watches by Sathya Sai Baba along with reports of miraculous healings, resurrections, clairvoyance, bilocation, and alleged omnipotence and omniscience were a source of both fame and controversy; devotees considered them signs of divinity, while sceptics viewed them as simple conjuring tricks.&quot; I can not say anything about materializations. But I know that one can help with spiritual energy and healing.

19. I think enlightened masters don’t need to be perfect and are allowed to have imperfections. Imperfections make people think. It can destroy the ego if you are aware of your own imperfections. In Tibetan Buddhism it is practiced that one is aware of his or her mistakes. On the other hand it’s important to overcome imperfections and mistakes as much as possible. We should concentrate on the positive aspects of ourselves and others. 
 
20. Last night, the energy processes continued, but I could still sleep four hours. It was interesting how the night went. I had the feeling God wants to train me to be a spiritual master who can help other people optimally spiritually. I had a lot of crises last night. I could only overcome them by doing the absolute correct thing at the correct moment. I had to view each situation exactly, figure out which energy points to concentrate on and which words (visualization, mantras, prayers) would work best. 

21. Then the blockages dissolved, the energy began to flow, the crisis was over and inner happiness arose and I came to a state of peace and quiet. I slept until the next energy process arose. Then high concentration was necessary. A new situation with new strategies for solving the problem. Ten hours of energy work are behind me. I’ve emerged victorious. If I can help myself, then I can also help others. That is probably the idea behind my hard spiritual training. I just drank a hot cocoa and went for a long walk. 

22. Girlfriend: “I am very glad if I can help to dissolve blockages on your heart. I do energy work and sometimes know what is a topic of interest with a person I deal with.”

23. Nils: &quot;Which goals do you have for your life? What do you wish for the future? What do you want to do and achieve.” Girlfriend: “ I simply want to hear and listen what the divine  wants for me, which way the divine leads me and to courageously follow my heart and my love. Otherwise, like everyone, I want to be happy. Happy with myself and to have God happy with me, and to be happy with others. And also to experience real love within a partnership.”
 
24. Nils: To go together in light is the best perspective that a person can have. Under the protection and leadership of God, you have the foundation for optimism. Everything will go well with us both. And everything is already good the way things are. We’ve found each other at exactly the right moment. Just now I’m ready for you, and you are ready for me. If we met earlier, I wouldn’t have been ready for a woman. 

25. I walk the path of all-encompassing love. I’ve taken the Bodhisattva vow with the Dalai Lama. I think it is good to work for the happiness of all beings. And it’s nice if I can do that with a partner.

26. My main method of healing is according to the five principles for health ( healthy diet, regular exercise, enough relaxation, avoiding poison, and thinking positively). Yoga helps to relieve conflict through exercise, meditation and positive thinking. In this way, you help activate the body’s self healing capacity. According to my experience you can heal yourself with spiritual energy and send this to other people as well. There are many ways to transfer energy such as reiki, shiatsu, massage hooponopono. I see myself not as a healer, rather a spiritual teacher. My girlfriend feels more attracted to healing work. I am glad that she also found Mother Meera’s teachings. 

27. The deeper point of life isn’t material happiness, it’s inner happiness. Material happiness is reached through consumption, carrier and material riches. Inner happiness is developed through spiritual exercises. Then one day you can reach light, God, inner peace and immeasurable happiness in all-encompassing love, which is the true fulfillment of life. It is also nice if you can connect inner and outer fulfillment. 

28. I’m going through a difficult time because the kundalini energy is flowing constantly, and many old hurts are coming up and keep me from sleeping. I hope that it will get better soon. Yesterday evening I was suddenly very tired. I lay down to meditate, then suddenly during the course of the evening a great layer of tension lifted. I considered what problem was hidden under that. When I went to bed, I felt the happiness energy flow as a result of the tension dissolving. After four hours the problem appeared which had caused such inner tension. 

29. I went through a dying situation from an earlier life. I didn’t want to let go of my family and friends, so I became tense for many lives. An image of a mother with many children appeared. She was happy. And now she had lost everything. I transformed myself, looked for happiness in myself and went into death. I know that people die and have to let go of attachments to the world in order to go into the light. I first went through all of the feelings of addiction, anger and mourning. I went through all of my feelings of loss enough and so let go of them. Then I tried to reach light. I imagined myself as a Buddha of happiness and activated my kundalini energy. I sent all of my friends light and reached light myself. 

30. I went for long walks, let go of my sadness, arrived in peace and was suddenly in unity. I experienced energy of calm, unity, happiness and love. I notice I achieved a leap up in consciousness.

31. God can be experienced. God is love, peace, happiness and joy. Those who experience God, are enthusiastic and want more God until they reach complete enlightenment.

== September ==


1. [[w:Mata Amritanandamayi|Amritanandamayi (Amma)]] Is one of the most well-known spiritual masters today. She was born 27.9.1953 in Kerala. Already at age 5 she began her spiritual practice. Her motto was “ don’t waste a moment of your life.” At the age of 17 she reached enlightenment and with 22 she reached complete enlightenment. She established an Ashram in Souther India (Kerala) where many people from the west also live. Her teachings are typical for neo-Hinduism. She is undogmatic, humorous and emphasizes the unity of all religions. 

2. Amritanandamayi has built up a lot of humanitarian work. She set up villages for poor families. She finances schools, universities and hospitals. She started an organization for single mothers. She gives all mothers enough money to live from. That is a very big social deed in India. She works for the equal treatment of men and women. She established an Indian temple with female priests, and re-awakened the Brahma cult. Brahma is the Indian God of wisdom. Equal to him is Brahmani, the mistress. She holds a book, ap prayer chain and a musical instrument. 

3. It is good to take a specific time daily for the spiritual way. It is also good to take a particular time daily for intensive spiritual practice. The amount of time needed for enlightenment varies from person to person. Jesus needed 40 days, Ramanamaharshi 5 minutes, Buddha 6 years, Swami Shivanda 9 years, Amma 12 years and Moses 40 years.  

4. The teachings of the four stages of life are a basis in Hinduism. The four phases are: the student, the family, the spirituality and the enlightenment. In other words: “ In Hinduism there are four phases or Ashramas in life: the time of Brahmacharya or the student, Grihastha or the household, Vanaprastha or the time of the hermit and Sannyasa, the phase of ascetism.  (Yogawiki) The 60th birthday is especially celebrated in India because this is the entrance step into the spiritual life. Many Indians move to a place alone or with a partner to practice intensively spiritually. 
 
5. Enlightenment can be compared with varied levels of happiness. People live at quite varied levels of happiness. Some people are depressed, some afraid, some aggressive, some addicted, some are more or less happy. And some people are enlightened. Even an enlightened person can experience joy and suffering. But his general level of happiness is higher than others. 

6. In yoga, it is said that an enlightened person is 100 times happier than one who is not enlightened. And an enlightened person along the way of all-encompassing love is 100 times happier than a regular enlightened person. There are many levels of enlightenment. You can develop far. You don’t act from the ego anymore. You can always deal from the perspective of love and help others. Then you stabilize and strengthen your experiences in enlightenment. 

7. Laotse:”I’m good to the good, and to the evil I am also good, because I am good.” Jeses taught the way of all-encompassing love and to also love one’s enemies. According to my experience, you then arrive in light (the dimension of enlightenment beyond all duality), if you send all beings light. 

8. There are many types of spiritual students. Some follow their master word for word and some anchor themselves in their own wisdom. I belong to the latter. 

9. Those who would like to be successful along the spiritual way need self-discipline. Those who practice with a goal in mind and live in all-encompassing love while connecting with God or enlightened masters will one day arrive in light. Those who practice with perseverance will one day be filled with grace by God. 

10. Special spiritual abilities (Siddhi) develop along the spritual way. In yoga, Siddhi should not be shown to the public in order to keep the ego from becoming stronger. On the other hand it is good to help others with special abilities. They should be practiced in a way that the ego is not reinforced, they can be used subtly, and with positive motivation. 

11. It is better to be happy rather than unhappy. It is better to be wise rather than unwise. It is better to be enlightened rather than unenlightened. Those who comprehend that , make their way to the light. They find the appropriate spiritual exercises and one day arrive in a life in God. Our deepest longing is for love and for happiness and to live in eternity.  We long for a life in light, a life in God, for enlightenment. May we all recognize this longing and realize it as well.

12. The yogi is laughing about this ”” Two women are talking. One says: ”lately I’ve had such a difficult time speaking. I wanted to say, “I want to drink wine.“Instead I said, “I want to drink line”. The other said. “I experienced something just like that. At breakfast I wanted to say to my husband: “please pass me the coffee.” Instead I said: “you damn asshole, you’ve ruined my whole life!””

13. Fifteen year old girl on the internet ”My life is just school, food, TV and computer. There’s nothing worse than that…” Answer from Yogi Nils: “There is. No school, no food, no TV and no computer. Seriously, the center of life is inner happiness. Those who do not know the way of inner happiness suffer in life. Build your inner happiness daily with spiritual exercises like yoga, meditation, reading, thought work, doing good for others. Then you can see the positive in your life. Live as a spiritual person in God and you live in happiness.”

14. A person can also grow in enlightenment without a spritual practice if he or she goes through life consciously, thinks positive and does good for others.  Meditation and thought work are the main techniques on the spiritual way. At best, they are both practiced to reach enlightenment, but for some people, positive thinking is enough. For others meditation or prayer to God is enough. 

15. I differentiate between the way of enlightenment and the way of love. Both lead to a life in light, but they have different points of emphasis. Along the way of love, you try to see yourself in others, to help them and to help them become enlightened and to build a world of love and peace. Then you reach all-encompassing love, unity consciousness and light. Along the way of enlightenment peace and calm is practiced, in addition to attachment-free existence and self- discipline. God is found in calm. The mind is empty of worldly things. The thoughts calm to rest. The person relaxes deep in the soul. And suddenly inner happiness appears. 

16. The original Buddhism is the way of enlightment, just like yoga according to Patanjali. You work for your own enlightenment and try not to harm others. The Dalai Lama represented the Mahayana Buddhism, which is a mix of the way of love and the way of enlightenment. In Christianity we also find the double path of love to others and enlightenment (the love to God). Neo Hinduism follows the way of love and combines it with the path of entlightenment and the Guru yoga (Bhakti yoga).

17. Then you don’t get lost along the spiritual way and won’t risk being the victim of false gurus. Fake teachers exist all around the world, sadly. They put their ego, their riches or power as the center of their methods. They are often so clever that it is hardly noticeable, but those who look exactly and sense, will see it at some point. 

18.  There is only one truth, there is only one God. But there are many images of God. You should find the image that helps you personally along the spiritual path. Be aware that God (enlightenment) is beyond all images.

19. I see God as the higher consciousness behind the material cosmos. This consciousness works through all people, beings, and also through the material. God consciousness expresses itself through enlightenment and saints. They give us orientation to find our way to the kingdom of God and light. They help us along our spiritual way and bring spiritual energy to us. 

20. Those who have a happy life on earth will hardly reach toward enlightenment. Those who first know enlightenment as a goal accept the effort it takes. Those who know paradise will try to get there. Those who so wish, can incarnate on earth many times. No one can force you to enlightenment. At some point the soul is ready because it wants to come to happiness and it wants to be free of suffering. 

21. There are various directions in yoga. I support and teach the way of love, peace and happiness. I work for a cooperation of all religions, all spiritual people and all yogis. I try to connect the religions. For that reason, I gladly use the term God. I can also express myself in a way that Christians will understand. 

22. In Christianity, it is told to reject magic. At the same time, Jesus and Moses were magicians. They had spiritual abilities and helped others with them. The difference is that Jesus and Moses didn’t see themselves as doing magic, rather that God was acting through them. Their egos were not strengthened through the acts of magic, for that reason. They didn’t use their own energy because they acted through God’s energy, were more tools for God. 

23. I had an interesting experience yesterday. Some people connected with me mentally and wanted to have some of my spritual energy. I gave them as much energy as I could. I noticed it wasn’t enough. I asked my masters for guidance and to help these people. Suddenly I saw myself in God (surrounded by the cosmos, and in the unity of the cosmos). My kundalini energy awoke. I saw the light of God in the world. And I had so much power and happiness in me that I could give all of the people what they needed. I noticed why I wrote the sentence, that God works through me. He helped me to arrive in light and to let God act through me. 

24. God is in Yoga symbolically described as an elephant. Every unenlightened person considers only a part of the elephant. How can we see the entire elephant? How can we come to the bigger picture of the world? How can we see the unity of the world? There are a few techniques. We can meditate, let the thoughts flow by and become empty inside. 

25. We can think about the elephant and come to comprehension of the entirety. We can understand the elephant through individual parts of it. We can hold onto the tail and let God bring us into light. We let the elephant stomp on our ego. We let go of our own will in the face of life. We take things as they are. We sacrifice our worldly wishes on the altar of light.
 
26. We can begin with the head of the elephant. We can practice listening to our inner voice of wisdom. We practice seeing with the eyes of the elephant (the eyes of God). We can listen to the suffering of other beings with the big ears of the elephant and use our trunks (our hands) to do good for others. At some point we learn to ride the elephant and to mentally be permanent in enlightened existence. Then the inner sun shines and enlightens our world. 

27. If we fall from the elephant, we can use spiritual exercises to bring the light back. We use self-discipline to be back in the light of God. Christians have the mass or church service, prayer, reading in the bible and works of mercy. In Islam, one prays five times a day, goes to Mecca, fasts, gives almose and orients the self around God. 

28. In yoga there are many ways to enlightenment, such as hatha yoga (physical exercise), tantric yoga (the way of spiritual relationships), kama yoga (the clever use of joy and enjoyment), kundalini yoga (yoga of enlightenment energy), mantra yoga (meditative chanting), raja yoga (meditation), jnana yoga (the way of wisdom, thinking), bhakti yoga (master yoga) and karma yoga (doing good).

29. You should learn to watch the ego. Otherwise you can easily become a victim of it. Even enlightened persons can get lost in the trap of worldly energy. Even enlightened people can fall into the trap of power, sex and greed. There are many examples of that. Enlightenment must be developed on the basis of wisdom and all-encompassing love.

30. It is a trap to see one’s own spiritual path as the only correct path. There are many ways to come to enlightenment. Enlightenment goes beyond all concepts, but concepts are used to reach enlightenment.

== October ==
[[File:Sri Anandamayi Ma.jpg|thumb|Sri Anandamayi Ma]]

1. [[w:Anandamayi Ma|Anandamayi Ma]] (born 30. April 1896, died 27. August 1982) was a well-known spiritual mistress from India. Ananda means happiness. Anandamayi was a mother of happiness. She was friendly, calm and cheerful. She could tell stories well and sing nicely. She liked to dance. She taught people to laugh: “laugh as much as possible.” She was married with 12 years and moved in with her husband with 18 years old. 

2. At the age of 21 she started her six year Sadhana. She first spoke the name of the God Visnu “hari” as a mantra because her parents were followers of Vishnu. Her husband, however was a follower of Shiva, so she switched to the mantra “Shiva”. She danced to the mantras and then rested in a peaceful meditation afterward. After some months she began with bodily exercises of yoga that came to her spontaneously without having learnt them. She practiced these asanas intuitively. She practiced creative and intuitive hatha yoga, and did her mental exercises creatively and intuitively. She practiced the positive characteristics and the images that she needed at the right moment. The various divinities flowed through her mind. She visualized their forms, identified with them and thought their names as mantras and activated thus her kundalini energy. 

3. After Anandamayi Ma had loaded her body and mind with spiritual energy, she rested for three years in the great peace (raja yoga). She hardly spoke (mauna) and did little. Mostly she just sat there. She didn’t need any more exercises. She had awakened her kundalini energy and it cleansed her body, mind and soul by itself. She only needed peace and quiet. She had to stop her energy from being used in outer activities. She had to live as calmly as possible so that the energy went inside and dissolved conflicts and tensions. 

4. Anandamayi Ma was a master of hatha yoga. She gåve the world the way of creative yoga. Creative yoga consists of exercises for the body (hatha yoga), mental yoga (bhakti yoga), meditation (raja yoga) and the way of all-encompassing love (karma yoga). 

5. In 1922, her husband explained that without the initiation of a guru there could be no greater progress along the spiritual way. So she decorated her room, lit incense and initiated herself. She connected with her inner guru and a mantra appeared suddenly in her mind. 

6.  At the end of her Sadhana, she reached a state of inner happiness that fit her title of “happy-spirited mother”. At this point, she wished for all beings to experience the level of joy she had felt. She wanted to share her enlightenment with the entire world and worked as a spiritual master in India for the rest of her life. As yogi Nils heard her sentence in 2001 (“ may all beings experience this joy”) he spontaneously threw a hand into the sky and cried, “here I am! I’m ready. I want to live in great happiness.” Anandamayi Ma heard him from the other side and sent him a dream. A little snake bit Nils and awoke his kundalini energy. Nils was flooded by light for three days. The snake is a symbol of the god Shiva. A little snake meant that Nils should develop himself slowly, toward enlightenment. And that’s how it went, too. 

7. Anandamayi Ma taught a life of austerity as a yogi as well as a spiritual life within the context of a family. She recommended everyone, whatever their life situation, to meditate at a certain time each day. The core of her teachings was: “the highest calling of a person is to strive toward self-realization. All other obligations are secondary.” Those who practice spiritually 15 minutes every day will be blessed by her. Anandamayi Ma taught the unity of all religions. We can use spiritual exercises from all of the religions. We should see what works well for each of us personally. 

8. Inner happiness can take hold in a person when the tension in body and spirit are dissolved. Buddha developed an ingenious way to do this. This was called “sitting, walking, and mind work”, If you switch between sitting and walking, then inner tension can be released in an optimal fashion. If you just sit, the mind becomes dull. Regular movement makes the mind clear and the body healthy. It gives people inner power. It enables people to take the spiritiual way. It gives them the strength to live as a winner. If you only walk or run, then the mind becomes restless. Inner happiness arises out of inner calm. If the body is held still and quiet, then you can come to the deeper dimensions of meditation. Meditating can be done while sitting or lying down. Both are good meditative positions. It varies from person to person as to which are the best. In addition to meditation and exercise, the dissolving of tension with thought work is an important method to come to enlightenment. A yogi should develop thoughts of love, wisdom and self-discipline. He has  to keep his or her thoughts stiller and stiller until he or she lives entirely in calm and peace. 

9. This basic model for the dissolving of tension has been expanded by Yogi Nils to include five activities: lying down (or sitting and meditating), reading (thought work), walking (exercise, yoga), doing good for others (work), and to enjoy life. Switching between these activities is an effective way to dissolve tension. This is his way into the light.

10. From a certain point in the course of maintaining calm, the energy of a person turns inward. He no longer lives through his outer activities. He lives from the perspective of inner cleansing, the dissolving of tension and the development of inner happiness. The yogi is then cleansed by his own life energy and doesn’t need to do very many spiritual exercises any longer. He or she then just needs to maintain a state of calm. Every yogi needs to find this point where energy goes inward. It is difficult to find, and difficult to maintain. Life energy can move to a state of over-activity or dullness. Both need to be stopped with self-discipline on a daily basis. An effective yogi life feels like constantly living against the stream of neurotic impulses. First the state of calm is boring and then suddenly the energy begins to work within. If you keep the state of calm, then inner happiness appears. 

11. According to Swami Shivananda, enlightenment can appear through silence, spiritual exercises, and all embracing love. If a yogi lives alone in silence then half the way to enlightenment ist already gone. The second half is done with spiritual practices (yoga, meditation, positive thinking). The gate to a life in the light you pass with all-encompassing love. If a yogi lives mainly for the happiness of all beings and for a happy world then the ego will dissolve. 

12. My spiritual daily schedule is the main technique along my way to the light. Mainly, it takes a very sensitive and consistently practiced schedule to dissolve the tension in my body and spirit. I divide my spiritual exercises throughout the day so that a constant inner cleansing will take place.
 
13.  A yogi feels out which techniques are needed at any moment. If the body is getting limp and flabby, he or she goes for a walk. If the mind is restless, he or she does some yoga or meditates. If the spirit feels against the spiritual path, the yogi reads a spiritual book. A yogi feels out where the tension lies and uses the right methods. The tension is usually found in that which the body and spirit don’t seem to want at the moment. Where the neurotic defense mechanisms are, that is the way to the light.  On the other hand, it’s good to give the body and spirit what they want sometimes, otherwise more tension is created. 

14. The way of inner happiness requires a lot of wisdom and inner feeling, and this needs to be developed daily. I begin each day with a positive attitude. Which exercises do I need in which order? Then I create a positive vision of the day and put a statue on my altar that reflects this vision. What is a positive quote for you today? Which activity brings you into the light?

15. The main principle for dealing with a painful situation is to behave correctly on the outside and to manage the thoughts and feelings as well as you can. If a problem appears, keep your head clear. What is the right thing right now? What needs to be done? Deal with the problem without becoming enmeshed in your feelings. Get a clear picture of reality. Solve the problem to the extent that you can. Consider how you can deal with stressful thoughts. Stop your stressful throughts! Are there some positive thoughts that will help you?

16. If the painful situation is over in the outer world, we can relax on the inside, too. We can heal our spiritual wounds. A Buddha goes through painful situations without spiritual wounds. But, as we aren’t yet Buddhas, wounds are likely to appear. At some point in these problems, we’ve probably created tension. This tension needs to be dissolved. 

17. If we don’t heal ourselves after stress situations, then the wounds incurred stay in the soul. They limit our spiritual well-being and lead to neurotic behaviors and can also cause physical illness. For this reason, it’s important to take enough time to recover after a stressful situation. We let ourselves relax, and we are gentle with ourselves. We let go of bottled up rage, our fears and our grief. The painful situation is worked with, worked on, and cleansed from the soul until peace and positivity appear. We do relaxation exercises, yoga and meditation. We can go for walks, read spiritual books and enjoy something nice. With rest, exercise and some joy in life, our souls can be healed. 

18.  It’s important to examine your fears. It’s important to find the fears we’ve buried in us in order to let go of them. We think about our fears, we find positive sentences which help us. One could be “I accept reality, the way it is. I concentrate on my positive goals. I live as a winner.” Many of our fears can be dissolved with positive thoughts. It often helps to think clearly about the fears. Once we’ve recognized these fears, we can develop them into positive thoughts. In an emergency situation, we can think a positive sentence as long as a mantra to get the fearful thoughts to disappear.
 
19. For many people, it’s helpful to talk to others about problems. Who can you talk to? You can also send someone else a letter or email, or connect to enlightened masters or God. 

20. Otherwise, there is the zen meditation. This meditation can be done while sitting, lying down, or when walking. We stop all of our thoughts for a short time until we come to a state of meditation (1 to 5 minutes). We concentrate on our problem, then think some positive sentences and let our feelings and thoughts take their course. We observe our thoughts from a distance. They can develop or die down as long as it takes before they disappear. The entire time we stay in a light meditative state. The main principle with the zen meditation is that we don’t think consciously, but let the thoughts go, that they do their own thinking. The problems dissolve into nothingness this way. Calm, wellbeing, and all-encompassing positivity grow in us. We reach light and inner happiness.

21.  If a problem affects me particularly strongly, then I practice a ritual to overcome suffering. The first thing I do is take an oracle card ([[wikiversity:Happiness/A Psychological Interpretation of the Tarot|Tarot]], [[wikiversity:Buddha oracle|Buddha oracle]], [[wikiversity:Angel oracle|Angel oracle]]). When shuffling the cards, I connect with an enlightened master or God and ask for guidance and help. Then I take a card, read the text, and think how the oracle card fits to my situation. Which strategies does the oracle recommend for my situation? What does the oracle say about my problem? Which helpful thoughts does it give to me?

22. I usually start to see things from a positive perspective when reading the oracle and thinking about the text. It makes me feel better when I recognize there is a positive strategy for every situation. A positive quote from the oracle strengthens the positive in me. Thinking about it leads me to a constructive consideration process of my problem at the time. I notice that there is something I can do. I am not a helpless victim. I can live as a winner. I can solve the problem. 

23. After I take an oracle card, I read some pages in a spiritual book. I consider which book I need at the time. Which book gives me strength? Which book strengthens positive energy? A spiritual book has a positive energy field. If we take some time within this energy field, we achieve a more positive state of mind. 

24.. After reading, I go for a walk for an hour. I move my rage and nervous emotions out of my body. I practice mantras, and do meditation (five minute thought stop). Then I think about the problem. After a half an hour, I usually feel better. I begin to see things clearer and in the right perspective. I am one with the world and myself. 

25. After going for a walk, I do some yoga exercises and a longer meditation while lying down. I put some music on and stay lying down until my mind has come to rest. Then I get up, eat something nice and think about what else I need. Then I give it to myself as well. It’s often helpful to do something creative, like painting, writing, playing music and other forms of expression. We can do something good for others and bring some energy of love to them and ourselves. What is your way toward all-encompassing love and how can you take action for the happiness of all beings?

26. In times of bigger problems, I have to do several rounds of reading, walking, doing good, enjoying myself and meditating. Then I come to the point where peace and calm arise. After that I am gentle with myself and heal myself more and more. If a problem doesn’t go away, I give myself some time each day to work with bigger problems. Then I stop my thoughts. I don’t allow myself to think about the problem, because thinking about it too much is not productive and just increases stress.

27. Overcoming suffering is a creative process. You have to sense what you need at each moment. What is the best way to solve problems at the moment? What will lead you to inner peace and positiviity? People vary, and so need varied strategies. It’s important though to avoid addictive things such as pills, smoking, drugs, alcohol and too many sweets. It’s better to overcome problems with techniques for inner happiness. Then we grow with the problems. We raise ourselves above the problems and land in happiness one day. May that come to be for all of us. 

28.  Work with the psyche is a personal thing. Positive thinking helps for some people. Solving problems is also important.  Supressing feelings is usually a bad idea from a spiritual perspective. But we can learn how to deal with our feelings and even learn to control them to a certain degree. Feelings come from thoughts. If we avoid negative thoughts, we avoid negative feelings. Often, we have a tiny window of time before thoughts manifest into feelings. In that moment we can decide to stay in inner peace. 

29. The main work along the spiritual way is mostly work from the shadow side. We work with our negative characteristics like attachment, fear, addiction, grief, pride, rage and foolishness. We solve our problems. We accept things as they are. We integrate suffering into our lives. We develop our inner happiness, inner peace and our ability to just flow, and roll with things. We rise above our suffering. 

30. The journey and the goal are intertwined. We need a spiritual goal to help us find our spiritual path. We should hang onto the goal until we’ve reached it. We should sense what is right with every step we take. Being focused on the end goal and being present in the moment are not mutually exclusive, rather they compliment one another. That is the way to go. 

31. Enlightenment means intense work on one’s own psyche over a long period of time. Mother Meera says you need thousands of lives to reach enlightenment. The main thing is to see through the way of worldly enjoyment and to comprehend the meaning of inner happiness. If you recognize enlightenment as the main goal in life, then you can practice with that goal in mind. According to Amritanandamayi, you grow five times as fast if you live in peace and calm away from others. Sathya Sai Baba said that one needs three lives as a yogi to come to complete enlightenment. The quickest spiritual way is the way that can be practiced effectively for you personally, without overwhelming yourself. It’s possible to come to enlightenment in one life as a yogi, but that can be difficult if you have a lot of tension. It is easier to find your way in the light through several lifes. With every life, you grow a little in happiness, peace and love.

== November ==

1. [[w:Mother Meera|Mother Meera]] is an enlightened master who lives in Germany. She gives light and blessings as a free gift to all people. Her Darshan is free. In the beginning just a few people went to her. Now she is in the center of the spiritual scene in Germany. Nils recommends every yogi  receive a blessing at least once in his or her life from an enlightened master. A Darshan is an important cleansing step along the spiritual way. Often, enlightenment energy is transferred that can develop into great grace one day. Mother Meera believes in the unity of religions and the right to choose individual paths in spirituality. Statements from Mother Meera:

''“God is calm. Everything comes from the calm. In calm, more work can be done.”'' (live in calm and deal from your presence).

''“I accept everyone who comes to me sincerely.”''

''“I look at every side of your being. I see everything in you, in order to see where I can help, heal and give strength.”''

''“ You can enjoy material life, but realize it’s a representation of the divine only.”'' (experience joy as a part of the spiritual path).

'' “Every religion has its holy books. It helps to read these books.”''

''“My work is for the whole world.”''

''“Those who come to me for Darshan, always get what they need.”''

''”Praying helps.”''

''”It’s not necessary to come to me, I can help everywhere.”'' (It’s important to mentally connect through a mantra, a prayer, a meditation).

''”Grace and mercy come into effect immediately if the striving for it is authentic.”''

2. An enlightened master connects enlightenment with all-encompassing love, empathy, and humility. He or she is modest. He or she doesn’t necessarily announce him or herself as an enlightened master. A master sees his or her fellow beings more than the elf. He or she lives for the spiritual way and to help with it, and not for the ego (money, riches, power, recognition).

3. It is an important question along the spiritual way to consider whether there is such a thing as heavenly mercy. Is there God, angels, Buddha, enlightened masters who can help us from the other side?

4. God (an avatar acting as a force of God) poseses the characteristics omni-presence, omnipotence, goodness, and is all-knowing. For this reason, he can see every person and give that person exactly what he or she needs spiritually. The more a spiritual person develops, the more they can participate in these characteristics. 

5. It is good to visit the Satsang of an enlightened person. The important thing isn’t the teaching, but the enlightened energy that you come into contact with. Everyone gets what he or she needs, what is correct for their particular level of development. Those who have an enlightened master they connect with daily is blessed and receives leadership. 

6. I’ve visited a lot of enlightened masters. Often, enlightenment energy is transfered directly, which results in a great step forward along my way. At the moment I visit the Satsangs of Mother Meera. Everytime, I experience something totally different and get a different type of energy. One time, my heart chakra was healed. Another time I felt her happiness energy in me. A third time I just enjoyed the good energy in the room.

7. Can we get help? According to my experience, yes. I feel the energy of the enlightened masters. They transfer energy from their images, statues, books and words. They come from what we perceive as nothingness, which is in fact more than just an empty space. 

8. When do God, the angels and enlightened masters help us? When we connect with them through prayer, by invoking them, by visualizing them or by reading their books. We should do that every day. They will then lead us to enlightenment, if we’re ready for it. If we take the path of love, wisdom, humility every day, grace manifests in our lives. I feel lead by God and my enlightened masters. Everything develops at the right moment in the right way. I’m amazed by it myself, because I can hardly comprehend it. 

9.Enlightenment is a good goal. There is nothing better. But there is the possibility of reincarnation. We don’t need to reach the goal in one life. You can take the right pace for you and develop through each life further into the light.

a. You live at a higher level of happiness. You feel more love, peace, strength and happiness. Christians can say that you live in paradise. If you have experienced enlightenment, you can say it is better to live enlightened than unenlightened. Enlightenment is the deeper meaning of life. 

b. You are free of suffering. Christians spoke of deliverance. I would say that every fear disappears and you have so much strength and happiness in you that you can easily go through every situation in life. You can integrate suffering into your life. You can overcome everything through your inner peace, strength and all-encompassing love. You also get through death especially well. 

c. After death, you come to the light. Then you live in paradise (in God) and can incarnate as an enlightened master (Siddha, Bodhisattva) on earth. If there is life after death, then the benefits are immeasurable. If there isn’t life after death, then as an enlightened being you have an optimal life on earth. 

10. There are different ways to get to enlightenment. The main way is to live alone or in a little community away from society, to meditate and to work on one’s thoughts. Along this way, Buddha, the Christian desert fathers and yogi masters such as Swami Sivananda and Anandamayi Ma are guiding lights providing good examples. I have been living as a hermit yogi for 25 years because I have the feeling this is the best way for me to make spiritual progress. In Tibetan Buddhism, it is said that you’ve already gotten halfway to enlightenment by living alone as a yogi. Only a few people live that way. There are spiritual communities, Ashrams and convents. That can also be a good way to grow spiritually, especially with the help of an enlightened master. 

11. Even if I prefer the yogic way, I do believe that with the help of an enlightened master, you can grow spiritually when living with a job and family. An enlightened master can send a lot of energy every  day, and one can lead a spiritual life in a way that constant spiritual cleansing and growth take place. There are ways to combine a worldly life with spiritual growth. For most people, that is the main way to come to the light. The important thing is to emphasize spirituality and to connect with God and his enlightened masters. Living spiritually means to live according to the cornerstones of love, peace, truth, wisdom and self-discipline. It is helpful to have a plan. You can construct this plan according to your personal needs.
 
12. At the beginning of the spiritual way, peace, happiness, love, and trust develop. At some point an awakening can occur, which causes the concept of the self to dissolve and a perception of the unity of all things comes into being. But the way is still long after that. I experienced a great sense of inner peace and positivity after a phase of ego dissipation. However, I first recognized the great goal as my kundalini energy rose from the middle of my body to my head, to my crown chakra. Suddenly I was in a dimension of unimaginable happiness, peace, love and truth. In yoga, that’s called Sathyaloka, the location of great Truth. As a Christian, one would speak of the highest paradise where you sit beside God. It was first in this moment that I knew that the deeper meaning in life is to come to enlightenment. I didn’t have that feeling when I was first awakening. The first time that feeling appeared was when I had my great enlightenment experience. I recognized there what all religions strive for. There are various techniques in the different religions. In yoga there is hatha yoga, kundalini yoga and raja yoga (the highest meditation). 

13. Along the spiritual path, you can get lost in the abyss. It is a trap along the spiritual way. People are given the ability to deal with this, by God. We can be a force for better behavior in the world, we put a stop to egomaniacs. We should give everyone in the world something to eat, stop war, and stop murder. We should work for a world of love, peace and wisdom. This way, a golden era in the world’s history can arise. 

14. Love can cause the enlightened to incarnate onto earth once more to work for the good of all, just as Krishna and Jesus both did. I follow the teachings of the Buddhist Madhyamaka. According to these teachings, there are various levels in the cosmos and all of them are real. A spiritual master can deal on all of the levels, and be in all of the levels. He can build an identity when it is necessary, but also rest in God without an ego in order to enjoy highest happiness. 

15. The more I go into unity, the less I am interested in doing things out in the world. I rest in my happiness and peace. But that is also a trap. An enlightened person has great capabilities to go out into the world and improve things. They can help their fellow beings to overcome their suffering and to be happy. The enlightenment is incomplete when you no longer can feel the suffering of your fellow beings. A full enlightened master is also completely connected with all of the beings in the cosmos. He or she can feel their suffering. Just as he or she came to happiness, the enlightened master also wants to bring others into happiness. 

16. Jesus taught his followers to love their fellow beings. He didn’t disconnect himself from others. One only needs to look around in his or her own circle of aquaintances to find the way to love and helping. The important thing is the love to God and to other human beings. Another way it is to teach people to connect with enlightened masters. Those who ask God or the enlightened for help, will get an impulse to act. Through the connection of all beings, the enlightened are helped. Mother Meera explained that praying always helps. Those who pray daily or connect with an enlightened master are shown the way to the light.

17.  A long time ago, a young man lived in India who wanted to be a Buddha and live in light. He called himself Amitabha and became a hermit. He went through a lot of spiritual crises. He put in a lot of effort to overcome his inner laziness and to figure out what was the most effective way to practice at any given moment and to do his spiritual exercises with self-discipline. Amitabha knew that only a few people can take the path of the lone yogi. The way to enlightenment is hard work. He therefore chose to create a space in heaven after his enlightenment which contained happy energy where even worldly people could land. Those who spoke the mantra “Om Amitabha” (in Japanese “Om Amida Butsu”, Tibetan “Om Amitabha Hri”) or even thought the mantra would land in paradise after death, as Amitabha promised. Amitabha meditated for thirty years and landed in complete enlightenment. Now he could bring all of his seriously practicing followers into paradise. 

18. Amitabha probably lived around the same time as Jesus Christ. His teachings spread about 100 years after Christ in India, Tibet, China and Japan. He had a lot of enlightened followers who went in his footsteps. They are all connected with us through the Amitabha mantra. And through the Amitabha oracle. What does Amitabha say to you? Try the [[v:Amitabha oracle |Amitabha oracle]]. 

19. Visualize a large sun over your crown chakra. A golden Buddha sits in the sun (in the sky above you). The Buddha is you. The Buddha sees the suffering on earth and sends all beings light. Move your hand in blessing and think “I send light to.... May all people be happy. May the world be happy.” 

20. An important cornerstone of Amitabha Buddhism is trusting Amitabha (the other power, Tariki). It is often taught that one cannot do anything for his or her own enlightenment. We can only pray and hope that Amitabha (God or an enlightened master) will save us. In this regard,  there is a similarity with the Christian teachings of Martin Luther, that people can only be saved by the grace of God. 
I have argued against this on protestant online forums. This teaching is false and illogical. Jesus gave exact directions as to how one can become blessed, or enlightened. One has to purify the heart, live in all-encompassing love and to love God. Jacob wrote: ”Act on the words, don’t just listen. Didn’t Abraham become righteous by sacrificing his son (his ego) on the alter? One is saved through actions, not through faith alone.”

21. When striving toward enlightenment, we have to each take the respective, personally most effective way. From this perspective, Tariki (not practicing spiritual exercises, instead trusting solely in God) is a method that is sometimes helpful and sometimes not. To make a dogma of it is certainly the wrong way to go. Basically enlightenment happens through spiritual practice over a longer period. At the same time, we usually can’t find our way to enlightenment alone due to the ego fixation. We need leadership by an enlightened master. We need trust in the  higher power, but also must work on ourselves intensively. For me, the optimal spiritual way is spiritual practice, practicing all-encompassing love, daily prayer or connecting with God, Amitabha or a personal enlightened master. I find the Amitabha teachings to be fascinating. They are a common thread between Buddhism and Christianity. They have Christian, Hindu and Buddhist elements. I personally don’t believe Buddha taught them. But someone had taught these at some point, and this person probably came from a Buddhist background. At any case, the teachings of the Buddhist Amitabha path have been spread far and wide and well-received from a lot of people. For me, the Buddhist Amitabha way is too restrictive in its typical portrayal. I would take a less non-dogmatic approach so that people from various religious backgrounds and individuals can learn from it and still take their personally correct approach. 

22. An important point along the spiritual way is whether there is a God or a higher enlightened being that can help us from the other side. From my own experience and the knowledge I have at this point in time, I believe there is life after death. Near death research and reincarnation research as well as reports from the experiences of spiritual people also would lend weight to this conclusion. Many people can travel to the other side. They see the paradise level and meet higher beings. If there are higher beings that want to help us, then we should accept their help. If they want to lead us, bring us to enlightenment and lead us to paradise after death, then that is a huge gift. We should accept it.
 
23. There is life after death. There is a paradise on the other side. Everyone can reach this paradise. You can come to paradise through a mantra when dying. You can reach paradise with the help of an enlightened master. You can reach paradise through a positive life. All religions are methods to come to paradise. Every person can take the personally path to paradise. Prayer, mantra, meditation, invocation, visualization, oracle and reading a spiritual book are all good exercises. 

24. Everyone wants to be happy and not suffer. We should put our lives together in a way that makes us happy. We should consider what we need, and then give that to ourselves. We should work for a happy existence for everyone on earth. Mostly, the happiness of a person comes from within. For that reason, we should develop our inner happiness. We should think positively, speak positively, and act positively. We should find positive role models to follow. 

25. If there is life after death, we should live so that we come to a good place after we have passed. We can choose the masters who inspire us. We can choose to follow Jesus, Amitabha, Satyha Sai Baba, Mother Meera or other masters. We can work with God, the angels or the enlightened masters of yoga. The more we practice, the stronger is the connection to our enlightened helpers. 

26. By visualizing paradise, enlightenment energy can become awakened in us. Everyone can imagine paradise so that they feel good in it. Paradise is a realm of enlightenment and light. It is good to lead a life of love, peace, self-discipline and inner happiness. 

27. We can build up a paradise on earth. There is enough prosperity for everyone, we just need to share the riches of the earth fairly. No one needs to go hungry. But mostly, paradise is in everyone on the inside. We just need to change our consciousness so that we can recognize paradise in our world. We need to orient around the positive in our lives. We should be grateful for what life gives us. 

28. My masters gave me the mantra “yes” in a dream. They showed me how one can get through death and reach paradise. Those who think of paradise will reach it. Christians go to the Christian heaven, Muslims to their version, Hindus to theirs. Enlightened beings can go where they want, because they transcend all forms.

29. There will always be some suffering on earth. However, most suffering has been created by humans themselves. We could organize life so that all people have enough to eat, so that there isn’t any more war and that the environment is clean. We could reduce suffering when dying by making pain medicine available to everyone, and by helping others to develop their enlightenment consciousness before dying.

30. A soul retains its individual consciousness unless it decides to dissolve itself within God. Buddha probably did just that. However, there are also souls which will continue to exist until all beings are enlightened. In Buddhism, there is the Bodhisattva path toward this end. In Hinduism, Vishnu is the great role model along the way of love. He incarnates again and again in order to help people when it is necessary to give them assistance on their spiritual way.

== December ==
[[File:Chidambaram Shiva.jpg|thumb|400px|Shiva, the enlightened dancer with life (Nataraya)]]

1.  In Hinduism, we find the term [[w:Avatar|“Avatar”]]. An Avatar is an incarnation of God. Here there are dimensions of enlightenment to be found which exceed my experiences and my knowledge. I can only speculate. When I connect with an Avatar like Mother Meera or Sathya Sai Baba or Krishna or Jesus, can this Avatar lead me perfectly along my spiritual path into the light? I feel my life is guided. Everything happens at the right moment, but I also will admit that I don’t fully comprehend that. Many people strive toward enlightenment through intensive spiritual practice. But many others try to reach their goal through prayer to an avatar and through the guidance of that avatar, find their way. 

2. Enlightenment is self-realization. Enlightenment is clarity, peace, calm, happiness, love, joy, knowledge of the connectedness of all things. In enlightenment there is no boredom. You live in happiness, and that is enough. The more enlightened you are, the more you lose interest in worldly things. However, it makes you happy to do good things for others. 

3. Enlightenment is also just a word. Enlightenment exceeds all terms. Terms can be helpful. The term enlightenment is helpful when it helps people to reach their spiritual goals. The goal can also be described with the words God, paradise, light, nirvana, happiness, love and self-realization. The goal and the way are important. Both form the context. Some people find it helpful to concentrate on the goal, for others concentrating on the way to the goal is more helpful, and for most it helps to concentrate on both. It’s good to take one step at a time, but without being focused on a goal, you can wind up wandering aimlessly through life and get caught up in the various traps that life lays out. Those who have a clear goal can find their way easily.  

4. If we visualize God on the outside, we can awaken God on the inside. And if we awaken God in the inside through our spiritual exercises (purification, prayer, meditation, doing good, all-embracing love), we will see God in the outside. 

5. In my view, the path of enlightenment solves the problems of the world at a deeper level when it is combined with the path of all-encompassing love. How do you want to convince a capitalist or a dictator to not exploit other people or try to have power over them? That would only work if you can convince such people about the path of inner happiness and love, as it has happened before in Buddhism. The Mongolians became peaceful through Buddhism. The cruel Indian ruler Ashoka brought happiness to the land once he became a Buddhist. And that is also how it should happen worldwide. The leading elites should lose their overdriven egos and develop wisdom, peace and love for of all.

6. Every religion provides a way to enlightenment. The various methods can be combined when done so wisely. Followers of the various religions don’t need to fight one another. They can go to the light together and help one another. I see myself as a mystic who is above all religions and spiritual paths.

7. An enlightened being can incarnate on earth if he or she would like to help mankind. If there were no enlightened beings on earth, mankind would probably just have made itself extinct. Right now we are in the middle of a transitionary period, to another, higher level of consciousness.
 
8. Whether various spiritual masters who have risen are at the same level as Jesus, Buddha or Krishna, I don’t know. I don’t know them. I would, however, sense and feel whether they are authentic or not.There are those who pretend to be enlightened in order to use others. I would compare their teachings with those of Buddha, Jesus and Krishna. 

9. Enlightenment is difficult to explain because it cannot be explained, it must be experienced. Enlightenment is life in the klingdom of God. It is the way to sainthood, or inner healing and perfection, The way of enlightenment is developed with qualities like joy, happiness, strength and all-encompassing love. 

10. I experience enlightenment as spiritual energy. Spiritual energy is consciousness energy. If you only have a little consciousness energy, you concentrate mainly on yourself. That’s OK that way, because the energy needs to be protected and expanded. When the energy expands, then it extends out of the body. In this case, the person is not only aware of one’s own body, but also the surrounding people and environment, and less of oneself because most of the energy is outside of the self. 

11. Spiritual energy has the characteristics happiness, love, peace, power and clarity. If the peace and clarity expand, then the mind comes to rest and be calm. The ego disappears because all the theories and concepts floating in the mind come to rest. The ego is helpful for life in the world, in a material sense. According to my experience, the ego disappears when happiness and peace have reached a certain level. The closer you get to this leve, the smaller the ego and the greater the harmony and the consciousness of the unity of all things. I feel more and more like a part of the cosmos. I am in harmony with the world. I live from my higher self. 

12. I have also experienced that the ego can be dissolved on purpose. The ego consists of attachment to enjoyment, the rejection of suffering, and unwisdom. We can think:” I accept things as they are. I let go of my desires. I live in light, peace, and unity.” If we have strong tendencies to desire things, then the ego will be renewed again and again. Therefore, it is a good idea to shrink the wishes and desires down over the long term and to cultivate characteristics like acceptance, humility, inner peace and all-encompassing love. 

13. My experience has shown me that enlightenment is the deeper point of life and that there are specific ways to get there. There is the Buddhist way. There is also Yoga, and there is Christianity. God is above all religions. Every good spiritual technique can be practiced by anyone. 

14. Enlightenment is the way to rise above suffering. You become freed from suffering, fear, addiction, aggression, bodily pain, spiritual pain and unhappiness. You become anchored in God.

15. I practice the connection of Hatha yoga, Karma yoga and Bhakti yoga (master yoga, Guru yoga). I pray to my spiritual role models. I work for a happy world and for the happiness of all beings. I meditate, go for walks and practice various yogic exercises. Find the spiritual path that is best for you. 

16. Everything in the cosmos follows the cause and effect principle. From that point of view, there isn’t any free will. Everything is pre-determined. It’s difficult to know what has been pre-determined, so we have to do as if we have free will. In enlightenment we can feel that everything is determined. We are instruments of the cosmos like cogs in a watch. You can go about life in a relaxed way if you recognize that everything has already been determined. Then you live completely in harmony with yourself and the world. One of my enlightenment experiences I reached by imagining everything as determined. 

17. An enlightened master can recognize that everything has been pre-determined once he or she has reached the level of all-knowingness. Then the master knows the past, present and future of his or her students. And here there seems to be a mystery that Sai Baba reports from. If a person can see through pre-determination, he or she can rise above it and deal freely. He or she can put new impulses into motion. That became clear in a dream of my Tibetan master Lonchenpa. He showed me that he had re-written my book of life. He knew my future and could change it for the better thanks to his spiritual abilities. 

18. I am a humble person. God works to make sure that I stay humble. He brings enough suffering and difficulty into my life so that I don’t feel too amazing to myself. At the beginning of my search 30 years ago, I was enthused by my spiritual experiences. But during the course of the years, that has become mainly meaningless. They are just experiences. What matters is lasting enlightenment, and I am far from that. Furthermore, I have established that you can have the greatest spiritual experiences and most people don’t care and some will even deny they happened. It is more of a burden to speak of them. I only do it to help others along their way. 

19. [[w:Jesus|Jesus]] had an enlightened master who transferred enlightenment energy to him. That was John the Baptist. Jesus demonstrated that Christians should have an enlightened master. The transfer of enlightenment energy is the fastest way into the light. Jesus meditated after the energy transfer for 40 days in the desert and his enlightenment was complete. The devil (the ego) disappeared and the angels (spiritual energy) served him. He could heal others and help them spiritually. He became one with God. God spoke through him. 

20. The first Christians had Jesus as a physically present enlightened master. The Apostles were also enlightened and could pass the enlightenment energy (holy ghost). Then came the Christian desert fathers who had their enlightened fathers and mothers. There were many enlightened masters among the Christians. I am thinking mostly of Master Eckhart, Teresa from Avila, John of the Cross and the holy Frances. 

21. I interpret the Bible in terms of enlightenment. The term Son of God means that a person is enlightened, he lives in God (in the kingdom of God) and is God’s son for that reason. The teaching of the trinity describes the relationship between an enlightened person and God. God is the higher consciousness dimension in the cosmos, the unity dimension, the light. The Holy Ghost is the spiritual energy that fills a person with the light of God. An enlightened person as the son of God can heal with the light of God and perform miracles. 

22. Those who would like to have experiences of God and enlightenment should lead an intensively spiritual life. He or she needs to work on him or herself. This person should cultivate characteristics like love, peace, truth and self-discipline, and meditate and pray and live in love. He or she should follow Jesus radically and not lead a life of material enjoyment. 

23. The desert mother Amma Synkleitika knew that hermits who would like to lead lives in God have to deal with a lot of hard inner work and inner fights, but in the end there is indescribable joy. In order to get through these inner fights, the desert fathers mainly concentrated on death. Those who think of their death can overcome every weakness. The thoughts of death and paradise give a spiritual person the power to follow his path to its goal. On the other hand, one should not overwhelm oneself as a monk or hermit. Many hermits needed a flower, others didn’t. Those who need joy along their way, should give themselves the joy they need. 

24. I celebrate Christmas with my old mother who is 90 years old, my sister and one of her sons. The other son is in Australia. On the first and second Christmas days I visit two neighbors. In that regard, I’m not alone. I’ve lived as a hermit for 25 years. It was difficult to be alone on Christmas the first years, because I had lived in a family before that. But, after some years passed I got used to it. Now it isn’t a big deal. I have developed my own Christmas ritual. I light candles and incense. I watch the Protestant and Catholic Christmas services on TV. I also visit people when possible. 

25.In my family, Christmas was always celebrated. We were atheists, but Christmas was an important ritual to meet people, celebrate and give gifts. I feel connected to Christianity. For that reason, I like to celebrate Christmas and think of the birth of Jesus. It is a happy event that a spiritual person was born into the world. 

26. Jesus taught us to live in a way that would bring us to paradise after death. How do you imagine your paradise? What needs to be there for you to be happy? Do you want to meet your friends, partner, children, relatives? 

27. The paradise of yogis is called Siddhaloka. It can also be called Shiva Loka. It is the home of the God Shiva. By [[w:Muktananda|Swami Muktananda]], Siddhaloka is the most beautiful paradise with the highest happiness energy and the greatest potential for spiritual growth. 

28. A little blue star was his soul vehicle. Muktananda described exactly how one gets to Siddhaloka. You meditate, concentrate on the skull chakra and a blue star appears over the crown chakra. Muktananda flowed into this star with his soul, and the star brought him to paradise. 

29. Muktananda experienced Siddhaloka as a paradise full of rest, calm and peace. Everywhere there was blue, cheerful light. Muktananda met a lot of yogis and yoginis (female yogis). There were high mountains, green forests, bubbling springs and flowing streams. Deers played on meadows full of flowers. In the middle there was a sea. 

30. [[w:Paradise|Paradise]] is a state of enlightenment, inner happiness and awakened kundalini energy. Then you have a consciousness of paradise due to your great happiness.  Through visualization of a happy world, you can awaken happiness. How you can get there depends on you. For some people, it is enough to imagine a beautiful landscape where they sit with people they love. The inner energy begins to flow when they imagine springs, rivers or a sea in paradise. The visualization of a tree lets the energy flow through the middle energy channel. Once it reaches the head, then one becomes happy. The same effect can arise when imagining oneself as a Buddha, Shiva or a goddess in a palace or beautiful house. Around the house you plant beautiful flowers. 

31. Every concept of enlightenment has to be destroyed again and again when they cease to be helpful. The enlightenment is above all concepts and images of it. We find our way to the light when we are consistent with the basics of truth, wisdom and love. We should always be in good contact with our inner voice of truth and wisdom, our conscience. We should connect us with an enlightened master or God (the light) every day. May we all live in happiness, peace and love.

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  <page>
    <title>Geography of Race in the United States/Economic consequences of segregation</title>
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      <text bytes="2813" sha1="aclapevv6dybz4sn6mwkqjtqdobtop8" xml:space="preserve">If you surveyed the maps in Racial Segregation in the U.S., two facts would be evident: 
# Moderate to high levels of black/white racial segregation, and somewhat lower but still substantial Hispanic/white segregation, are the norm for major U.S. metropolitan regions.
# Moderately to highly segregated black and Hispanic neighborhoods are almost always markedly poor, and poorer than most of the overwhelmingly white neighborhoods in their metro region.

This raises a question: are segregated black and Hispanic neighborhoods poorer simply because their inhabitants happen to be poor, or does racial segregation cause the poverty of their inhabitants? The model below shows that, while hardly the only factor, racial segregation is a major cause of systematic economic disadvantage for blacks. By parallel reasoning, it is probably also a significant cause of disadvantage for Hispanics, although empirical evidence on this point is not as extensive as in the case of blacks. Note that many of the factors below affect middle-class, not just poor, residents of segregated neighborhoods. Middle-class status, as measured by family income, occupation, or education, therefore does not confer the same economic advantages on segregated blacks as on whites.

(Image to come)

This model is drawn from the arguments of Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton in ''American Apartheid'' (Harvard UP, 1993). Roll your mouse over the items to view explanations of their causal influence. The blue arrows designate the influence of antiblack racial antipathy. Racism is a major cause of segregation. But segregation propagates its own effects mainly through &quot;color-blind&quot; mechanisms. Thus, it is an error to ascribe the proximate cause of much black disadvantage to direct discrimination.

Massey and Denton's model subsumes two other major models of systematic black disadvantage. William Wilson's &quot;spatial mismatch hypothesis&quot; (''The Truly Disadvantaged'', University of Chicago, 1987), postulating that inner city black poverty is caused by the flight of jobs to suburbs, where blacks can't reach them, is depicted through the red arrows. The &quot;culture of poverty&quot; theory, postulating that blacks are poor because they reject middle-class cultural values, is depicted through the green arrows. Some vicious circles--causal paths that return on themselves--are observable in this model. White antipathy causes segregation, which causes concentrated poverty and oppositional culture, which reinforces white antipathy. Low housing values create worse public finances, causing poor public services, reducing housing values even further.

* '''Next:''' [[Geography of Race in the United States/Race, voting rights and segregation/Rise and fall of the black voter, 1868-1922|Rise and fall of the black voter, 1868-1922]]

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    <title>Fractals/Image noise</title>
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Image noise &lt;ref&gt;[[:w:Image_noise|wikipedia: Image noise]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* set of all pixels which are not rendered properly
* &quot;aberrant pixels. That means pixels that are not representing the colour ... correctly. &quot; Barry J Brady&lt;ref&gt;[https://digital-photography-school.com/how-to-avoid-and-reduce-noise-in-your-images/ digital-photography-school : how-to-avoid-and-reduce-noise-in-your-images]&lt;/ref&gt;

Noise can be in different situations. Here only noise in the rendered images is incuded. So there is no original image&lt;ref&gt;[http://scikit-image.org/docs/dev/auto_examples/filters/plot_denoise.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-filters-plot-denoise-py scikit-image.org docs:  denoise]&lt;/ref&gt;, no photo, no signal, ...
=key words=
* pixel spacing


=types=
* in mathworks &lt;ref&gt;[https://uk.mathworks.com/help/images/ref/imnoise.html mathworks: imnoise]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://im.snibgo.com/noise.htm ﻿ snibgo's ImageMagick pages:  Noise]
== Moire patterns== 
&quot;A uniform grid is known to produce Moire patterns from the interaction of thin near-parallel lines with the regularly spaced sampling points.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/programming/11/jitter-for-moire-reduction/838/msg4689#msg4689 fractalforums.org : jitter-for-moire-reduction]&lt;/ref&gt;

==aliasing==

    &quot; Our images look noisy and grainy near the boundary of the Mandelbrot set. The escape time bands get closer and closer, while the pixel spacing is fixed. The pixel grid samples isolated points of a mathematically abstract image defined on the continuous plane. The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem shows that sampling isolated points from a continuum is a valid approximation only so long as the values don’t change too quickly between the points. Aliasing occurs when the values do change too quickly compared to the sampling rate, with the grainy noisy visual effects as we have been. Because the escape time bands increase in number without bound as we approach the boundary of the Mandelbrot set, no sampling rate can be high enough.&quot; Claude Heiland-Allen&lt;ref&gt;[https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/mandelbrot-book_book/blob/master/README.md#noise mandelbrot-book: noise]&lt;/ref&gt;


&lt;gallery&gt;
Mandel_bd.png| binary decomposition of level sets of exterior of Mandelbrot set
Mandel_lsm_bw.jpg|Mandelbrot set using level set method

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=Commonly Used Image Quality Metrics=
* PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 
* SSIM (Structural similarity)
* NIQE (Naturalness Image Quality Evaluator)
=How to=
==detect noise==
    '''&quot;To detect noise you first need to know the properties of your useful data. So if you have no prior knowledge of the input images then you Can not reliably detect noise.&quot; Spektre'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30294520/javascript-image-noise-detection stackoverflow question: javascript-image-noise-detection]&lt;/ref&gt;

==measure noise==
* &quot;an objective measurement for image quality based on&quot; the structural similarity &lt;ref&gt;[https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~z70wang/publications/ssim.pdf Image Quality Assessment: From Error Visibility to Structural Similarity by Zhou Wang, at al.]&lt;/ref&gt;
* noise rate = number of pixels that were recognized as noise. &quot;To differentiate normal pixels from noise, I just calculated the medium value of its neighbor pixels and if its value was bigger than some critical value, we say that this one is noise.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8960462/how-can-i-measure-image-noise stackoverflow question: how-can-i-measure-image-noise]&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot; Instead of classifying a pixel as noise if it exceeds such a threshold, you could measure the &quot;error&quot; and compute the variance or standard deviation for all of the pixels in the image. This would help you distinguish between having n pixels just above the threshold and n pixels way out whack. It also avoids the need to select a threshold.&quot;  Adrian McCarthy
* estimate the noise variance&lt;ref&gt;[https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2440504/noise-estimation-noise-measurement-in-image stackoverflow question : noise-estimation-noise-measurement-in-image]&lt;/ref&gt; If you get sigma &gt; 10.0, then you have a noisy image ( only for grayscale)


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = c++&gt;
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8960462/how-can-i-measure-image-noise
// noise rate by Vitalii Boiarskyi
if (ABS(1 - (currentPixel.R+currentPixel.G+currentPixel.B)/(neigborsMediumValues.R + neigboursMediumValues.G + neigboursMediumValues.B))) &gt; criticalValue)
then
{
    currentPixelIsNoise = TRUE;
}    

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang = python&gt;
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2440504/noise-estimation-noise-measurement-in-image
# J. Immerkær, “Fast Noise Variance Estimation”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 300-302, Sep. 1996


import math, 
import numpy as np 
from scipy.signal import convolve2d

def estimate_noise(I):

  H, W = I.shape # Tuple of image array dimensions.

  M = [[1, -2, 1],
       [-2, 4, -2],
       [1, -2, 1]]

  sigma = np.sum(np.sum(np.absolute(convolve2d(I, M))))
  sigma = sigma * math.sqrt(0.5 * math.pi) / (6 * (W-2) * (H-2))

  return sigma
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

==remove noise==
        &quot;Noise reduction therefore quickly becomes an ‘AI-complete’ problem &quot; Mark Scott Abeln &lt;ref&gt;[https://therefractedlight.blogspot.com/2010/06/there-is-detail-in-noise.html there-is-detail-in-noise by Mark Scott Abeln]&lt;/ref&gt;

names:
* denoising&lt;ref&gt;[https://github.com/wenbihan/reproducible-image-denoising-state-of-the-art wenbihan: reproducible-image-denoising-state-of-the-art]&lt;/ref&gt;
* remove noise
* noise reduction
 
software
* [https://www.openimagedenoise.org/ open image denoise]
* [https://developer.nvidia.com/optix-denoiser nvidia optix-denoiser]


Methods
* High precision
* perturbation technique
* rebasing : rebase to new reference and carry on&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/f/28/t/4360 fractalforums.org: Another solution to perturbation glitches]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Bivariate Linear Approximation ( BLA) 
* [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/demm#Exterior_DEM/M|Distance Estimation]]
* [[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/demm#Interior_distance_estimation|Interior Detection]]: Keep track of derivatives at the critical point. When the absolute value of the derivative drops below a threshold such as 0.001
, classify it as interior and stop iterating.


===precision===
* increasing precision
===sampling===
* increasing sampling (subpixel accuracy )&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/kalles-fraktaler/15/restrict-recomputed-areas-with-iteration-increase/1878 fractalforums.org : restrict-recomputed-areas-with-iteration-increase]&lt;/ref&gt;
* jittering the sampling points&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/programming/11/jitter-for-moire-reduction/ fractalforums.org: jitter-for-moire-reduction]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-mathematics-and-new-theories/28/sampling/3032 fractalforums.org sampling]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Poisson Disk Sampling&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cemyuksel.com/cyCodeBase/soln/poisson_disk_sampling.html poisson_disk_sampling by Cem Yuksel]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/54340-image-sampling-algorithms in matlab]


[[:de:Skalierung_(Computergrafik)|Enlargement of a 6×6 pixel raster graphic]] to 11×11 pixels (the low image resolutions in this example were chosen for better clarity; the principle is the same for higher resolutions). 
* 1: input image; the pixels are shown here as circles. 
* 2: The pixel grid of the output image, shown here as yellow crosses, is superimposed on the input image. 
* 3: The color values of the output image are calculated from the nearby pixels of the input image. 
* 4: Output image.


[[File:Image resampling.svg|center|Image resampling]]


[[File:Image resampling reconstruction filter.svg|thumb|center|Image resampling reconstruction filter. Scaling using a radially symmetric reconstruction filter (carrier shown in green). A color value of the output image is calculated as a sum of color values of the input image weighted by the reconstruction filter.]]

[[File:Image resampling interpolation.svg|thumb|center|When scaling using bilinear interpolation, a color value of the output image is calculated from the four closest color values of the input image.]]

===postprocessing===
* with Image Magic&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-image-gallery/18/analytic-logde-post-processed-with-imagemagick/ fractalforums.org: analytic-logde-post-processed-with-imagemagick]&lt;/ref&gt;

===mask===
* mask the grainy noise from aliasing ( fading-out)

===dither===
Dither is an intentionally applied form of noise used to randomize quantization error, preventing large-scale patterns such as color banding in images. &lt;ref&gt;[[:w:Dither|Dither in wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.marekfiser.com/Blog/Is-16-million-colors-enough Marek Fiser: Is-16-million-colors-enough]&lt;/ref&gt;

dither to more accurately display graphics containing a greater range of colors than the display hardware is capable of showing:
* The limited precision of 8bit (s)RGB means visible banding can occur, particularly in darker areas with smooth gradients.  Adding dither trades off spatial resolution vs colour resolution, spreading the quantisation errors around so the end result is more perceptually uniform.&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-image-gallery/18/dithering-for-better-image-quality/339 fractalforums: dithering-for-better-image-quality]&lt;/ref&gt; 


It is simply and ease of implementation&lt;ref&gt;[https://pippin.gimp.org/a%20dither/ dither by Øyvind Kolås, pippin@gimp.org , august 2013]&lt;/ref&gt;

===BLA===

The iterations can be approximated by bivariate linear function( A linear function with with two variables is called a bivariate linear function):

 &lt;math&gt;z_{n+l} = A_{n,l}z_n + B_{n,l} c&lt;/math&gt; 
 
For Mandelbrot set
 &lt;math&gt;
\begin{aligned}
A_{m,1} &amp;= \frac{\partial Z_{m+1}}{\partial Z_m} = 2 Z_m \\
B_{m,1} &amp;= \frac{\partial Z_{m+1}}{\partial C} = 1 \\
\end{aligned}
&lt;/math&gt;

For Mandelbrot set this is valid when: &quot;non-linear part of the full perturbation iterations is so small that omitting it would cause fewer problems than the rounding error of the low precision data type&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fraktaler.mathr.co.uk/ fraktaler by Claude Heiland-Allen]&lt;/ref&gt;

 &lt;math&gt;|z_n^2| &lt;&lt; |2 Z_n z_n + c|&lt;/math&gt; 


BLA can be used for 
* acceleration 
* avoiding glitches


Variants:
* steps
** Single Step BLA
** Multiple step BLA
* Non-Conformal BLA
* ABS Variation BLA
* Hybrid BLA
* Multiple Critical Points

=Examples=
==glitches ==
glitches 
* Incorrect parts of renders&lt;ref&gt;[http://dinkydauset.deviantart.com/journal/Perturbation-for-the-Mandelbrot-set-450766847 dinkydauset at deviantar :Perturbation-for-the-Mandelbrot-set-450766847]&lt;/ref&gt; using perturbation technique
* pixel which dynamics differ significantly from the dynamics of the reference pixel&lt;ref&gt;[https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2552605/selecting-reference-orbit-for-fractal-rendering-with-perturbation-theory math.stackexchange question: selecting-reference-orbit-for-fractal-rendering-with-perturbation-theory]&lt;/ref&gt;
* pixel which is unevaluated ( unknown pixel) or glitched or otherwise bad

Types of glitches:&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/programming/11/how-to-get-second-reference-when-using-perturbation-theory/3849/;topicseen fractalforums.org : how-to-get-second-reference-when-using-perturbation-theory]&lt;/ref&gt;
* noisy = isolated pixels
* solid = The largest connected component of the set of such pixels

See also:
* [[Fractals/perturbation#Glitches|Glitches in perturbation method]]

=Code=
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.1461 Efficient computational noise in GLSL by Ian McEwan, David Sheets, Stefan Gustavson, Mark Richardson]
* [https://github.com/aizvorski/video-quality aizvorski: video-quality]

=See also=
* [[Fractals/quality|image quality]]
* jagged and pixelated edges, colloquially known as &quot;jaggies&quot; ( see [[Fractals/scanning#Antialiasing_and_supersampling|antialiasing]])
* '''Jitter''' is an
** [[Fractals/scanning#Jittered|Jittered grid in supresampling]] = &quot;random displacements of the center of the pixel withing the square of the actual pixel&quot; ( Gerrit)&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-mathematics-and-new-theories/28/are-the-mandelbrot-sets-generated-different-in-appearance-to-the-actual-set/1333/;topicseen fractalforums.org: are-the-mandelbrot-sets-generated-different-in-appearance-to-the-actual-set]&lt;/ref&gt;
** variation of a periodic item &lt;ref&gt;[[:w:Jitter|Jitter in wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Supersampling - Jittering.svg|thumb|right|Supersampling - Jittering ]]
* commons categorise
** [[:commons:Category:Noise|Noise]]
** [[:commons:Category:Image noise|Image noise]]
* procedural noise 
** [https://graphics.cs.kuleuven.be/publications/LLCDDELPZ10STARPNF/index.html State of the Art in Procedural Noise Functions by A. Lagae, S. Lefebvre, R. Cook, T. DeRose, G. Drettakis, D.S. Ebert, J.P. Lewis	K. Perlin7	M. Zwicker8]
** pseudo-random noise in image graphic&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.matteo-basei.it/noise matteo-basei : noise]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://iquilezles.org/www/articles/bandlimiting/bandlimiting.htm band limiting is a good solution for noisy functions] ( Inigo Quilez)

=References=
&lt;references/&gt;

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      <timestamp>2026-09-06T17:23:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated navigation to the template.</comment>
      <origin>4669123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5633" sha1="9ihni0xh8i58snrpi7xk5255acvmn5m" xml:space="preserve">{{Navigation
 | Book     = Wikibooks:Oberon
 | previous = Glossary
 | next     = Naming
}}

Confusingly for a novice, three forms of [[w:Newline|line ending]] can be found in text files in contemporary computer systems.
* In Oberon and some other systems (most prominently Classic MacOS), a line of text ends with the [[w:Carriage_return#Computers|carriage return]] [[w:Character_(computing)|character]], denoted CR.
*In [[w:Unix-like|Unix-like]] and some other systems, a line of text ends with the [[w:Newline#Representation|line feed character]] denoted LF.
*In DOS, Microsoft Windows and some other systems, a line of text ends with the two characters, CR and LF.

This multiplicity poses no difficulty in Oberon; most Oberon systems allow convenient editing with any of these line endings.&lt;ref&gt;Each case is easily displayed explicitly. In an Oberon system with the [[w:Hexadecimal|hexadecimal]] editor, Hex, MM on &lt;code&gt;Hex.Open &amp;#60;aFile&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. In ETH Oberon a file with lines ending CR LF is edited by &lt;code&gt;ET.OpenAscii &amp;#60;aFile&gt;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Also confusing for a novice, an Oberon Text&lt;ref&gt;With Text being a fundamental [[w:Type_system|type]] in an Oberon system, &quot;Oberon Text&quot; is considered a proper name. Hence the capitalization &quot;Text&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; can appear at the first sight to be no more than a [[w:Plain_text|plain text]] comprising a sequence of [[w:ASCII|ASCII]] characters. Nevertheless Text in Oberon is a [[w:Type_system|type]] defined in the Text module. A Text of this type is a sequence of characters including non-printing characters.  A character in a Text can have attributes including typeface, size and color. Furthermore a Text can include non-character objects; an [[w:Digital_image|image]] or a [[w:Hyperlink|hyperlink]] for example. Consequently two displayed [[w:Document|documents]], one an Oberon Text and the other an HTML text, can have the same appearance and the same behavior of links. 

==Editing a Text==
Each Oberon system has an Edit module.  If &lt;code&gt;Edit.Open Example.Text&lt;/code&gt; appears almost anywhere on the screen, a [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|MM]] on &lt;code&gt;Edit.Open&lt;/code&gt; will open a viewer.  If a file named Example.Text exists, it's content will appear in the viewer.  If no file with the name exists, the viewer will be empty.  The caret can be set by [[Oberon/Glossary#glossaryMouseButtons|ML]] and characters can be inserted using a [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/Tutorial/Mouse#Using the keyboard|keyboard]]. In addition to Edit, ETH Oberon has ET and the Gadgets subsystem. Commands &lt;code&gt;ET.Open &amp;#60;aFile&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Desktops.OpenDoc &amp;#60;aFile&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are available. ETH Oberon also has the Hex module providing a hexadecimal editor with command &lt;code&gt;Hex.Open &amp;#60;aFile&gt;&lt;/code&gt;.

==Programmatical Access to a Text==
A Text can be manipulated using procedures in the Texts module; for [[../ETH Oberon/2.3.7/Texts.Mod|ETH Oberon]] and for [[../V5/Texts.Mod|V5]].  Also summarized for ETH Oberon in [https://web.archive.org/web/20190706021312/http://www.ethoberon.ethz.ch/ethoberon/defs/Texts.Def.html DEFINITION Texts].

To read a Text [[wikt:programmatically|programmatically]], a RECORD of Type &quot;Reader&quot; is opened on the Text at a specified offset. (A reader is a RECORD; not a procedure.) In this code fragment from ETH Oberon, the reader is named R.
  VAR
    T: Texts.Text;
    R: Texts.Reader;
    ch: CHAR;
  BEGIN
    NEW(T);
    Texts.Open(T, “Texts.Mod“);
    Texts.OpenReader(R, T, 0);
    Texts.Read(R, ch);
    WHILE ~R.eot DO
      Out.Char(ch);
      Texts.Read(R, ch)
    END
  END
After an execution of Read(R, ch) and assuming the object read was a character, it is available in ch with attributes in the fields of R. The font of a character is referenced in the Objects.Library, color is in R.col and vertical offset is in R.voff.  Each execution of Read(R, ch) increments the offset by one until the end of the Text is reached and R.eot becomes TRUE.

In ETH Oberon a text can contain a non-character object, an image for example. For a non-character object, (R.lib IS Fonts.Font) will be FALSE.

==How Text Works==
These tables show the structure of records in memory representing a Text.  When Texts.Store() records a Text in a [[w:Computer file|file]] for a [[w:Computer data storage|storage medium]], the information in the record structure is [[w:serialization|serialized]].  In the inverse process, Texts.Load() deserializes the information to the record structure of the Text in memory.

Click on a hyperlink to see the module where a type is defined.  
&lt;div id=&quot;Text&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==In V2==
{{:Oberon/V2/TextType}}

==In ETH Oberon==

{{:Oberon/ETH Oberon/TextType}}

==In the Oberon Subsystem of A2==

{{:Oberon/A2/TextType}}

==In V5==

{{:Oberon/V5/TextType}}

== Texts.FindPiece and the cache ==
For a given Text, T, and offset pos in [0, T.len), procedure Texts.FindPiece has the task of locating the piece containing  pos. At each execution, FindPiece could begin at offset 0 and add lengths of pieces until the piece containing pos is located. A cache based upon T.pce and T.org allows better efficiency. When FindPiece completes a search, the pointer to the found piece is recorded in T.pce; the offset of the first character of that piece is recorded in T.org. The next execution of FindPiece begins at that cached location. With a result from FindPiece often being near the preceeding result, this strategy avoids repeated summation of lengths from the beginning of the first piece.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

}}
{{Navigation
 | Book     = Wikibooks:Oberon
 | previous = Glossary
 | next     = Naming
}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9ihni0xh8i58snrpi7xk5255acvmn5m</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Exercise as it relates to Disease/Can lowering inflammation through exercise be used as an effective treatment for depression?</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>418694</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669098</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-06T12:55:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo not in source</comment>
      <origin>4669098</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="11944" sha1="3qfygl8njzzgklrvjv3r56dq2675xs5" xml:space="preserve">This article examines the impact exercise intensity has on mitigating depressive symptoms by reducing inflammation &lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;&gt;Paolucci EM, Loukov D, Bowdish DME, Heisz JJ. Exercise reduces depression and inflammation but intensity matters [Internet]. 2018 Feb 3 [cited 2020 August 14]: 133:79-84. Available from database: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.015&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Key Terms:'''
* Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)
* Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
* High Intensity Training (HIT)
* Moderate Intensity Training (MCT)
* Non-exercise Group or Control (CON)

== What is the background to this research? ==
This study examines whether exercise intensity effects the efficacy of exercise intervention in reducing depressive symptoms by lowering inflammation in non-clinical populations &lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;. Specifically, the research assesses cytokine activity in exercised student sample groups and concludes that moderate intensity continuous exercise is more effective at reducing inflammation caused by depressive symptoms than high-intensity. While there is a significant amount of research studying the positive impact that regular exercise has on negative mood states including depression and anxiety in clinical populations, this study fills a gap in the literature by using exercise intensity as an independent variable and makes an important contribution to the research regarding the prescription of exercise intervention to achieve better mental health outcomes&lt;ref&gt;2.William P, Morgan MD. Anxiety Reduction Following Acute Physical Activity [internet]. 1979 Mar 1 [cited 2020 September 10]:9(3):36-45. Available from database: https://www.healio.com/psychiatry/journals/psycann/ doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19790301-06&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Where is the research from? ==
The research was conducted at McMaster University, all four authors are reputable academics. Two of the authors, Emily M Paolucci and Jennifer J. Heisz have published a number of dissertations in the fields of health science, kinesiology, neurological and mental health. The authors Dessi Loukov and Dawn M.E Bowdish are experienced pathologists and their research is mainly in the field of molecular medicine&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;.

== What kind of research was this? ==

This study is a randomised control trial (RCT). RCTs are widely considered to produce the highest evidentiary level on the efficacy of healthcare interventions &lt;ref name= &quot;Thiese&quot;&gt;Thiese M. S. (2014). Observational and interventional study design types; an overview. Biochem. Med. 24 199–210. 10.11613/BM.2014.022&lt;/ref&gt;.

== What did the research involve? ==
The study involved a six-week exercise intervention program and measuring its effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and mood disorders. The study participants were sixty-one adult university students from McMaster University between 18-30 years old (72% Female)&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;. 

Participants were randomised into three groups, all of them completed 18 bouts of exercise;

# High-Intensity-Interval-Training(HIT) group (18 Students; 72% females);
# Moderate-Intensity-Continuous-Training(MCT) group (19 students; 68% female);;
# Non-Exercise/Control(CON) group(18 students; 72% females)&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;.

Limitations from the research design methodology;

Firstly, the study relies on the assumption that there is an inverse causal relationship between inflammation and the development of depression symptoms.

Secondly, the authors selected a small sample group with a high gender bias (female) comprised of individuals from student populations (not representative or randomised), none of whom suffer clinical mood disorders. Problematically, the researchers purport to generalise conclusions from the subject group data to the general population, without clearly stating the relationship between the sample group and the general population or highlighting any obvious difficulties in extrapolating the results more broadly. &lt;ref name= &quot;Byrne&quot;&gt;Byrne A, Byrne DG. The Effect of Exercise on Depression, Anxiety and Other Mood States: A Review, In Journal of Psychosematic Research [internet].1993 Sep 6 [cited 2020 September 12]: 37:565-574. Available from database: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(93)90050-P. &lt;/ref&gt; 

Thirdly, the study measured the participants’ mental health and assessed particular symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory II &amp; Beck Anxiety Inventory respectively. However, because both inventories, which consists of 21 self-rating items, are, crucially, designed to assess the severity of a particular symptom of depression and anxiety in clinical populations&lt;ref&gt;Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [Internet]. Washington DC, US, American Psychological Association, 2020. Construct: Depressive Symptoms; 2020 June 1 [cited 202 September 14]; about 2 screens], Available from: https://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/beck-depression&lt;/ref&gt;, they may not be suitable to assess nuanced psychological changes in a healthy population sample&lt;ref name= &quot;Byrne&quot;/&gt;.

Finally, the experiment showed outcome biases as it only examined four pro-inflammatory cytokines related to inflammation and depression. The study also failed to test hormones released during exercise that may impact inflammation and depression&lt;ref&gt;Cochrane Methods Bias [Internet]. [London, UK]: Julian Higgins and James Thomas; 2019. Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of Interventions, Chapter 10; 2020 [cited 2020 September 12]; [about 5 screens]. Available https://methods.cochrane.org/bias/reporting-biases&lt;/ref&gt;.

== What were the basic results? ==
According to these results TNF-α significantly decreased following MCT compared with CON, However TNF-α did not differ significantly between CON to HIT. IL-6 drastically increased post exercise relative to CON and MCT, however comparing CON to MCT there were only minor changes in IL-6&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;. IL-6 and TNF-α were relatively higher in the CON group, therefore it can be said according to this table that both TNF-α will decrease more post MCT bouts, whereas IL-6 will increase post HIT relative to MCT&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;. The finding also emphasised that when IL-6 is released via skeletal muscle it will have an anti-inflammatory response. In non-exercised individuals showing depression had elevated IL-6 levels which had mainly pro-inflammatory properties&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;.                                          
===== TABLE 1=====
&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;


The CON group recorded unusually high levels of stress which led to more depressive symptoms throughout the six-weeks. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 were elevated in the CON group in comparison to the MCT and HIT, however TNF-α did not decrease as meaningfully in the HIT group relative to the MCT group&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;. 
The researchers attributed this high perceived stress that can be associated with high intensity styles of exercise. The article suggested that moderate-intensity-training may be optimal in reducing stress, inflammation and thus decreasing depressive symptoms as lowering TNF-α was accepted as producing better mental health outcomes. The article mainly focuses on elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in depressed individuals, most competing articles would agree however some suggest there are no changes in IL-6 when comparing peoples who are depressed and healthy&lt;ref name= &quot;Paulucci&quot;/&gt;. 

For example, in contrast with the authors’ results, The National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) conducted similar research using exercise intervention which showed a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in depressed patients. The study's results displayed in Table two, indicated that pro-inflammatory IL-6 levels were inconsistent in the patients displaying depressive moods, and reported no difference in relation to IL-6 levels in their healthy patients. The NCBI study goes on to suggest that evidence supporting the proposition IL-6 is casually related to depression remains inconsistent, as far too many studies have generated quantitative results opposing this conclusion&lt;ref name= &quot;Zou&quot;&gt; Zou W, Feng R, Yang Y. Changes in the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in antidepressant drug-naïve patients with major depression [internet]. 2019 Jun 1 [cited 2020 Sep 14]:13(6). Available from database: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197267&lt;/ref&gt;.

===== TABLE 2 =====
&lt;ref name= &quot;Zou&quot;/&gt;

== What conclusions can we take from this research? ==
Most scientific literature supports the proposition that exercise programs in general are effective at lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines and in turn contribute to a reduction in depressive symptoms, however evidence regarding the optimal exercise intensity remains equivocal. In addition to the methodological limitations, the researchers fail to account for other physiological factors that reduce cytokines when exercising, such as the release of endorphins&lt;ref name= &quot;Balchin&quot;/&gt;.
 
Relevantly, a study conducted by the Journal of Affective Disorders conducted a similar experiment over six weeks and also measured β-endorphins levels amongst three test groups;(1) HIT exercisers;(2) MCT exercisers and a control group. The researchers found β-endorphin levels were highest in the post HIT exercisers relative to the MCT exercisers, and concluded that low to moderate exercise did not yield an endorphin release&lt;ref name= &quot;Balchin&quot;&gt;Balchin R, Linde J, Blackhurst D, Rauch HG, Schonbachler G. Seating away depression? The impact of intensive exercise on depression [Internet]. 2016 August 1 [cited 2020 Sep 12]:200: 218-221. Available from database : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.030&lt;/ref&gt;. 

The study concluded that the patients subject to high intensity bouts of exercise had the highest reduction in depressive symptoms as well. The study used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), which saw a 77% reduction from baseline for the HIT exercisers compared to the MCT group that experienced a 65% decrease&lt;ref name= &quot;Balchin&quot;/&gt;. 

Notwithstanding the limitations outlined above, this study is important in encouraging further research into the possible impact of exercise intensity on mental health outcomes. It is recommended that researchers should design longitudinal studies with larger randomised sample groups to produce more reliable data on the efficacy of exercise on psychological well-being over time&lt;ref name= &quot;Thiese&quot;/&gt;.

== Practical advice ==
* Start with simple exercise like walking or jogging
* Do what is enjoyable; team sports, exercise with friends, plan activities 
* Stick to a routine
* Track your mood response to different intensity workouts
* Consult a doctor first 
* Complete an APSS form prior to exercising&lt;ref&gt;Exercise Depression [Internet]. New South Wales, Sydney: Blackdog Institute, 2020. Exercise &amp; Depression; 2020 Apr [cited 2020 September 13]; [about 2 screens]. Available from https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/5-exercise_depression.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Further information/resources ==

* Beyond blue - https://www.beyondblue.org.au/
* Black Dog institute - https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/
* Head Space - https://headspace.org.au/
* ESSA (free Exercise and Mental Health ebook) https://exerciseright.com.au

== References ==
Add in the references using this code &lt;references/&gt; (if you have done the in-text referencing correctly, it will appear here - check the tips on Moodle for details, or of course the help options in wikimedia (or google it)

And add code in so this below appears (see Moodle - 2. Creating your page and editing tips - please look on this {{BookCat}})</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Final Fantasy VI/Sidequest/Doom Gaze and the Eight Dragons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>426028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669120</id>
      <parentid>3854916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T16:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>4669120</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4423" sha1="mpa09z4e7iu2icd784w3zuptxlarrf3" xml:space="preserve">==Deathgaze==

The trick to being able to fight Deathgaze is to realize that it isn't a random battle in the usual sense of the word. Every time you take off in the airship Doom Gaze has a fixed location on the world map he is hiding in. To get into a fight with doom gaze all you need to do is find that location and get close enough to it to trigger a battle. Hence, if you're ready to fight, flying around in circles is pointless and wandering around aimlessly may not work too well either. From when you take off, tilt your ship to the right at a very slight angle, then hold L+R to go full steam ahead. You'll move across the map at a slight angle and cover every location until you run into Deathgaze.

For actually fighting Deathgaze, he absorbs most elemental spells, so I would recommend using your strongest physical attacks like chainsaw or non-elemental attacks like Phantom Rush. He's weak against fire and pearl however, so you can try your strongest fire spell or Holy if you have it. And unblockable magic spells like Ultima are always a plus of course. Doom Gaze has 55555 HP total and although he usually escapes before a battle is finished he's unable to regenerate his HP. Meaning, that all you have to do to wear him down is keep fighting him over and over and do some damage each time. And since you know how to find doom gaze with the above method, this should be a cinch.

Deathgaze is vulnerable to the Vanish-Doom (Death)/X-Zone (Banish) combo, but if you use Vanish then Banish, you will not receive the Bahamut esper. There is also a chance you won't receive it when using Vanish then Death. Save your game if you want to be on the safe side.

==The Eight Dragons==

For all the Dragons you can do the unworthy way of defeating them by the ''vanish - doom'' technique.
may not always work on skull dragon but try the ''vanish - life'' technique

===Earth Dragon===

This is the one dragon you won't encounter on any of the normal sidequests. To find it, go to the Opera House, which is in the thin middle section of the left middle continent. Go up to the balcony like you did for the original opera house scene, and flip the second switch from the right to drop down onto the stage. To actually fight the dragon, make sure you have casted Float  upon every party member. You can also equip your party members with Gaia Gear which absorbs earth attacks as a better alternative. It's weak to wind and water magic, just use your strongest attacks and take your time and you should be fine.

===Storm Dragon===

Located in Mount Zozo in [[Final Fantasy VI/Sidequest/Cyan|Cyan's sidequest]]. Weak against fire, absorbs Thunder magic. 42000 HP total.

===Red Dragon===

Located in the Phoenix cave in [[Final Fantasy VI/Sidequest/Locke|Locke's sidequest]]. Weak against water and ice, absorbs fire magic.

===White Dragon===

Located in a top side room in [[Final Fantasy VI/Sidequest/Fanatic's Tower|the fanatic's tower]]. Equip wall rings on your entire party as usual in the tower. It absorbs pearl magic and has no weaknesses, use unblockable spells like Ultima or your strongest other magic.

===Blue Dragon===

Located in the secret room in the ancient castle in [[Final Fantasy VI/Sidequest/Edgar|Edgar's sidequest/Ancient Castle]]. It is weak against lightning, use your best physical or magical attacks as usual, and you should have the offering to help you out a lot.

===Ice Dragon===

Located on the snowy hills of Narshe where you fought Kefka, in [[Final Fantasy VI/Sidequest/Mog|Mog/Umaro's sidequest]]. Use your strongest fire magic and it absorbs ice naturally.

===Gold Dragon===

Fought by your second party in [[Final Fantasy VI/Chapter 12|Kefka's Tower]]. Attacks with lightning, weak against water, by this point you should have enough powerful magic and attacks to finish it.

===Skull Dragon===

Fought by your third party in [[Final Fantasy VI/Chapter 12|Kefka's Tower]]. An undead dragon with annoying status altering spells. Ribbons help naturally, and use your strongest fire spells or Holy.

===Afterward===

After defeating the eight dragons, you will receive the Crusader (Jihad) magicite. In the Game Boy Advance version, a small tablet will appear in your inventory telling you to go to the &quot;Dragon's Horn&quot;. The &quot;Dragon's Horn&quot; is located above the Dragon's Neck Coliseum.

{{stub}}
Needs the usual template for bosses and a good deal more info+pictures.

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  <page>
    <title>Zelda franchise strategy guide/Items/Master Sword</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>435044</id>
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      <id>4669112</id>
      <parentid>4194110</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T14:48:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-48322-41</username>
        <id>3625319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* A Link to the Past */ The claim that the GBA version removed the &quot;forever&quot; text is false. There is no evidence of this, and it's very easy to look up screenshots/videos of the GBA ending where the &quot;forever&quot; text is still there. It was never removed.</comment>
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      <text bytes="15369" sha1="g79bmyu7quavin0ogpzzjmweijw8ba3" xml:space="preserve">{{TOCright|limit=2}}
The {{nihongo|'''Master Sword'''|マスターソード|Masutā Sōdo}} is a fictional magic sword from Nintendo's ''The Legend of Zelda'' series. The series' enduring popularity has led to many incarnations of the ''Zelda'' story and of the Master Sword itself.  It was first fully introduced in the third game in the series, ''[[The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past]]''. The sword traditionally rests in sacrosanct locations indigenous to Hyrule, such as the Temple of Time or the Lost Woods. It is alternatively known as &quot;The Blade of Evil's Bane&quot;. In the French versions of the games, the Master Sword has always been named after legendary sword Excalibur. In general, it acts as the ultimate weapon for the chief protagonist, Link. It has a tendency to either decrease in power between games, as in ''[[The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker|The Wind Waker]]'' and the ''Oracle'' series, needing to be &quot;recharged&quot; in some way, or increase in power during the games beyond its standard level, as in ''Twilight Princess'' and ''A Link to the Past''.

The sword also doubles as a key to the Sacred Realm. While it impedes evil's ability to act, its seal is not inviolable. ''A Link to the Past'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time|Ocarina of Time]]'', and ''The Wind Waker'' all begin just as Ganon is finding a way around the sword's power. In the latter two games, drawing the sword from its pedestal releases the seal completely, allowing evil to act. However, it also anoints the hero, and with the sword in hand, he is ultimately able to defeat Ganon.

The Master Sword has the power to &quot;repel evil&quot;, which enables it to overcome powerful dark magic, curses and so on. Evil people and beings cannot touch or wield the sword.

==Identification==
The Master Sword (a.k.a Blade of Evil's Bane) is a double-edged one-handed sword created by the Sages of Hyrule. The blade cross-section is hexagonal with no fuller. On the flats of the blade near the hilt is a Triforce symbol, etched into the steel or emblazoned in gold. The section of the blade nearest the hilt (between the Triforce and the crossguard) is narrowed, possibly for use as an extra grip though Link never uses it this way. The crossguard is blue/purple and curved slightly away from the hilt. A jewel resembling a yellow cat's eye is set where the hilt meets the crossguard. The hilt is often padded red with a non-ornate blue pommel. In ''Twilight Princess'' (and ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl''), the hilt is purple rather than blue. In ''The Wind Waker'', the sword is considerably shorter in length (probably to fit the younger Link's hands) and the edges of hilt are close together until the sword has been charged. When fully charged, the blade glows and the jewel on the hilt is a bright yellow. The glowing effect is retained in ''Twilight Princess'', though to a lesser extent.

When not in use by Link, the sword is either stored in a scabbard across Link's back or in a sacred location within Hyrule. In ''Ocarina of Time'', it was originally stored in the Temple of Time, protected by the Door of Time. Later, in ''Twilight Princess'', the sword is retrieved from the ruins of the same temple in the Sacred Grove. Finally, in ''A Link to the Past'', the sword is once again found in a pedestal in the Sacred Grove, though no other ruins are present. The grove is proportioned similar to the Temple of Time from ''Ocarina of Time'', with the pedestal occupying the same position. In ''The Wind Waker'', the sword is stored within a secret chamber in Hyrule Castle at the bottom of the ocean.

==Appearances==
===''A Link to the Past''===
{{seealso|The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past}}
The sword that was destined to slay Ganon was sealed in a pedestal deep within the Lost Woods. This pedestal would only relinquish the Master Sword to one who had shown true courage (similar in nature to the legend of the ''Sword in the Stone''). After gathering the Pendants of Courage, Wisdom, and Power, Link was able to draw the blade and use it to fight the forces of darkness. When Link's health was full, the sword allowed Link to shoot spiraling waves of magic energy from it in an attack called the Beam Attack, and does twice as much damage as Link's starting sword (the beams are no more powerful than the starting blade). The Dwarven Smithies turned the Master Sword into the Tempered Sword, and the Great Fairy in the Pyramid of Power, upon having the Tempered Sword thrown into her Fairy Fountain, transformed it into the stronger Golden Sword, giving it unknown mystical abilities for future heroes to discover. After defeating Ganon at the end of the game, Link returned the sword to its pedestal, where it rested forever, according to the text at the end of the game.

In the [[Japanese language]] version, the Tempered and Golden Swords are simply called the &quot;Level 3&quot; and &quot;Level 4&quot; Master Sword.

===''Link's Awakening''===
{{seealso|The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening}}
There is no mention of the Master Sword in this game. However, Link can obtain the Seashell Blade, also noted as the Level-2 sword; the ''DX'' version of the game names this the Master Sword, and depicts it using a different sprite. It is otherwise the same.&lt;!-- is it a canon appearance? --&gt;

===''Ocarina of Time''===
{{seealso|The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time}}

The Spiritual Stones — the Kokiri's Emerald, the Goron's Ruby, and the Zora's Sapphire — along with the Ocarina of Time and Song of Time, are the keys to the Door of Time which protects the Master Sword. The sword serves both as an entryway to the Sacred Realm, and as a controller of the flow of time, allowing Link to travel between the future and the past. Its magical properties are the key to locking the King of Evil, Ganondorf, into exile.

As in ''A Link to the Past'', the Master Sword has the ability to deflect magical bolts (notably in the battle with Phantom Ganon and Ganondorf). However, it does not fire bolts unless Link is at full health, the feature was implemented in the beta version, but removed.

Only the Biggoron's Sword is stronger, but it must be wielded with both hands and cannot be used with a shield. In addition, in the final boss battle, it does not matter how many times players strike Ganon with any weapon, he cannot be defeated until the last blow is struck with the Master Sword.

The pedestal before the door of the chamber that holds the sword bears the following inscription:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
''Ye who owns 3 Spiritual Stones,''&lt;br&gt;
''Stand with the Ocarina of Time and play the Song of Time.''
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

===''Oracle of Seasons'' and ''Oracle of Ages''===
In a password-linked game, players are able to give their sword new power, and it is renamed from the Noble Sword to the Master Sword. The Master Sword is initially found broken in two, or hidden deep within the Lost Woods, depending on which game was played first. The Master Sword is the Level 3 Sword of the game, second only to the Biggoron's Sword in attack power. The Master Sword is the only weapon capable of damaging Ganon without charging a spin attack.

In ''Oracle of Ages'', the Noble Sword is an heirloom given to the Zoras, and if this game is played first, then it can be &quot;sharpened&quot; by Zoran royalty to become the Master Sword, indicating that the Noble Sword may be a weakened Master Sword, much like its appearance in ''The Wind Waker''. In ''Oracle of Seasons'', the Noble Sword is found in a shrine hidden in the Lost Woods, echoing its location in ''A Link to the Past'', and if this game is played first, an old man living under the Clock Shop will give it &quot;new power&quot; if Link completes a monster slaying mini-game.

Because the Master Sword has no role in the plot, and is only available through exchanging passwords, its canonicity, is uncertain, as is its relationship (if any) to the Master Sword of the other games.

===''The Wind Waker''===
{{seealso|The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker}}
After Link has proven his worth, the gods open the way to Hyrule and its castle, Hyrule Castle, now located deep beneath the sea. When he first arrives there, the entire castle is frozen in time, a whole army of enemies locked in one moment during an attack on the castle. The Master Sword is located in a hidden chamber in the basement of the castle (located underneath the statue of the Link in ''Ocarina of Time'') and, when removed, this army is unfrozen. Ganon soon reveals that the sword was sealing back his powers, and that furthermore, the sword has lost its power, and is unable to harm him. A major part of the quest in ''The Wind Waker'' involves restoring the power of the Master Sword by returning sages to the temples, the Earth Temple and the Wind Temple, in order to pray for the Master Sword and the hero who wields it. When the two sages have been returned, the Master Sword returns to its full power and enables Link to break the barrier between the castle and the path to Ganon's lair, the final dungeon of the game. At the very end, Link plunges the Master Sword into Ganon's forehead, which turns him to stone. The Master Sword is then seemingly lost in the ocean, still stuck in Ganon's head as he is swallowed by the rising water.

When the Master Sword is first acquired, its hilt guard is locked upwards and the gem in the center is black (also being much smaller than other Master Sword incarnations). Later on in the game, the guards are extended outwards, the gem becomes yellow, and the sword glows when unsheathed. The sword is notably shorter than previous interpretations, most likely due to the art style.

===''Twilight Princess''===
In ''Twilight Princess'', the Master Sword is found at the Sacred Grove, in the ruins of the Temple of Time. It is used to purge the curse on Link, allowing him to return to his human form after he has been locked in his wolf form by Zant (and, once again, to give him the power to defeat Ganon, like in previous games). After that, he has the ability to change between his two forms which includes the human, and wolf form at his own will. It is later upgraded to hold the light of a Sol, the equivalent of a [[sun]] in the Twilight Realm, which glows with an evil-destroying aura which can break Shadow Crystals. It shines brightest in the Twilight Realm, where it can dissipate the fog that previously required Link to be in wolf form to navigate. In addition, the light-infused Master Sword has its power multiplied many times against creatures of twilight, slaying most if not all of them in a single blow.

The sword also has a few cosmetic changes done to it in the game similar to the aesthetics in the Temple of Time dungeon. In addition to the fact that the metal comprising the weapon appears completely immune to corrosion, (as per being exposed to the elements for centuries) while the Temple of Time had crumbled into ruins in the Faron Woods, it is also noted that the Master Sword in ''Twilight Princess'' appears comparatively longer than the Master Sword wielded by Link in ''Ocarina of Time'' and ''The Wind Waker'', and again gives of a glow of light similar to in ''The Wind Waker''. Also, there appears to be zig-zagging gold trim upon the blade, near its Triforce symbol.

===''Super Smash Bros.'' series===
In ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' and ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'', Link is similar to his appearance in ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time|Ocarina of Time]]'', armed with the Master Sword. In ''Melee'', &quot;Young Link&quot; is also available as a playable character and appears as he does in ''Ocarina of Time'', armed with the Kokiri Sword. In ''Super Smash Bros. Brawl'', Link appears as he does in ''Twilight Princess'', again with the Master Sword, and &quot;Toon Link&quot;, based on Link's ''The Wind Waker'' appearance, wields the ''The Wind Waker'' version of the Master Sword. It is interesting to note, however, that the fairy following ''Twilight Princess'' Link as he pulls the Master sword in Subspace Emissary mode bears a striking resemblance to Navi, the fairy from Ocarina of Time, and that the place he pulls it from looks nothing like the Sacred Grove from Twilight Princess, resembling more of the Lost Woods from A Link to the Past.

In ''Super Smash Bros. Melee''&lt;nowiki&gt;'&lt;/nowiki&gt;s Adventure Mode, the Underground Maze stage involves the player searching for the Triforce in a labyrinth. There are seven rooms in the labyrinth where it may be found at which point the stage ends. The location is random; instead of the Triforce, one is more likely to come across the Master Sword set into a small pedestal. It vanishes when approached, at which point Link appears and forces a battle. There are five such swords in this stage, and thus up to five battles with Link (in every possible color, unless the player is playing as Link) that the player may experience.

The description of the Master Sword trophy in the NTSC version erroneously states that the Master Sword first appears in ''Ocarina of Time'', as the game was intended to be, at that time, the earliest in the storyline.{{Fact|date=August 2007}}&lt;!-- Needs citation from that old Shigeru Miyamoto quote from the 90s that states this. --&gt; The first game released that features the &quot;Master Sword&quot; is ''A Link to the Past''. This error was corrected in the PAL and NTSC Player's Choice versions.

===Appearances in other media===
*In ''Soulcalibur II'', the Master Sword is Link's basic and most balanced weapon and companion to the Hylian Shield. The Magical Sword from the original ''The Legend of Zelda'' is also available as a weapon. The Master Sword is also used as the sword when the Mirror Shield is selected.
*There is a piece of furniture called the Master Sword in ''[[Animal Crossing]]'' for the Nintendo GameCube and ''[[Animal Crossing: Wild World]]'' for the Nintendo DS. On the DS game, if the player touches the sword, the trademark ''Zelda'' &quot;new item&quot; sound plays.
* There is a microgame in ''WarioWare: Smooth Moves'' where the player re-enacts the drawing of the Master Sword in ''Ocarina of Time''. While the scene plays out normally on level 1, on level 2 Link is turned into an old man and level 3 Link is turned into a Cucco.
*In the MMORPG ''[[World of Warcraft]]'', there is a character named Linken, a left-handed Gnome who dresses in a green hat and tunic. Through the quest &quot;It's dangerous to go alone&quot; (a tribute to the first ''[[The Legend of Zelda]]'') it is possible to obtain &quot;Linken's Sword of Mastery&quot;, a nod from [[Blizzard Entertainment]]'s developers to Link's Master Sword and the ''Legend of Zelda'' series. Players that complete the quest also obtain &quot;Linken's Boomerang&quot;, a nod to the boomerang Link uses in nearly every game.
*The Master Sword appears in ''Shining Soul II'', and it can only be wielded by Warrior and Ninja classes.
*In ''Hamtaro: Ham-Ham Heartbreak'', a dark cave with paths leading back to the beginning (similar to the Lost Woods) hides a pedestal with three missing jewels (marbles) in the center (resembling the Spiritual Stones of Ocarina of Time), and when all three are placed, a sword can be removed from the pedestal, revealing it to be but a spoon with a fancy hilt.

==References==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
{{reflist|2}}
:*[http://www.zelda.com/universe Zelda Universe], official website for the ''The Legend of Zelda'' series
&lt;/div&gt;

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      <text bytes="64983" sha1="jpdzq5cgammj5i5a3zshsavg1l71d82" xml:space="preserve">== Maxima Aggregate Data Structures ==

=== Introduction ===
This section is intended to present some of the essentials of what are called Maxima aggregate data structures. By this it is meant the data types that can be used to refer to the values of expressions using a means of indexing of a single identifier (name) that refers to an aggregate (collection) of expressions as values.

Built-in aggregate data types include: 

* lists
* declared arrays
* hashed (undeclared) arrays
* Lisp arrays
* structures

Each of these has a means of indexing an identifier that names an instance of these data types. 

Please note that it is the case that this means of indexing an identifier for an aggregate data type may be referred to as involving &quot;subscripts&quot; or &quot;sub-scripted variables&quot; or &quot;keys&quot; as used by various computer programming languages, as well as in the context of Maxima documentation and commentary. In this book terms such as &quot;index&quot; or &quot;indices&quot; or &quot;indexed identifiers&quot;  are used instead.

Also all built-in Maxima functions (including packages) for these data types are referred to as ''&quot;operators&quot;'' and not ''&quot;functions&quot;'' as this latter term in general serves better to refer to Maxima function expressions defined by the user -- as in &lt;code&gt;f(x) :=&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;g[s] :=&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;define ()&lt;/code&gt; as examples.

This section is not intended to be exhaustive. It is intended to provide familiarity with aggregate data types. What is included has been gleaned from various sources, and only a few attributions are provided. Therefore, there is no claim of originality implied. 

=== Lists ===

==== Introduction to Lists ====
Lists are one of the basic buildings block for Maxima and Lisp. Maxima expressions are in general represented as Lisp lists. 

For example, consider the Maxima expression:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i1)	e+3;
(%o1)	e+3
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;This expression has the form of a Lisp list:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i2)	:lisp #$[e+3]$
((MLIST SIMP) ((MPLUS SIMP) 3 $E))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;An expression in the form of a Lisp list can also be be displayed as a Maxima expression:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i2)	:lisp (displa '((MLIST SIMP) ((MPLUS SIMP) 3 $E)));
[e+3]
NIL
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;Note that the value of this expression using &lt;code&gt;displa '()&lt;/code&gt; is &lt;code&gt;NIL&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;[e+3]&lt;/code&gt; is simply displayed in Maxima list object form. It is not necessary for the typical uses of Maxima to utilize this insight into the role Lisp lists have as one of the building blocks for Maxima, but it may be useful to have a familiarity with that role. Lists are often used as arguments to many operators, and the values of expressions are often in the form of lists.

==== Some Operators for Lists ====
Lists are created explicitly and list elements referenced using &lt;code&gt;[&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;]&lt;/code&gt; to mark the beginning and end, respectively, of an instance of a list object, or to reference the expressions of an existing list object.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i3)	[2,3,4];
(%o3)	[2,3,4]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The expression &lt;code&gt;[2,3,4]&lt;/code&gt; creates a Maxima list object. In this case the object itself is not accessible as it was not assigned an identifier unless referenced by the &lt;code&gt;%&lt;/code&gt; , &lt;code&gt;%i&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;%o&lt;/code&gt; label.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i4)	%;
(%o4)	[2,3,4]

(%i5)	%o4[2]; /* second expression of list object referenced by index */ 
(%o5)	3
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;That [2,3,4] is a list object can be tested using the &lt;code&gt;listp()&lt;/code&gt; operator:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i6)	listp ([2,3,4]);
(%o6)	true
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;A list object can be assigned an identifier:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i7)	s : [%pi,%e,%phi];
(s)	[%pi,%e,%phi]

(%i8)	listp (s);
(%o8)	true&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The value of an element of a list can be accessed using the list identifier and brackets with a index value.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i9)	s[1];
(%o9)	%pi

(%i10)	s[2];
(%o10)	%e

(%i11)	s[3];
(%o11)	%phi
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Invalid index values returns an error:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i12)	s[4];
inpart: invalid index 4 of list or matrix.
-- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Consider the following relatively long list of integer atoms created explicitly and identified as &lt;code&gt;List_1&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i13)	List_1 : [1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,
                  142,1,1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,
                  1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,
                  75,3,1004,108,3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,
                  4,484,62,4,664,112,4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,
                  1582,214,5,118,30,5,484,49,5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,
                  142,5,1372,174,5,1582,177];

(List_1)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,
             142,1,1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,
             1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,
             75,3,1004,108,3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,
             4,484,62,4,664,112,4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,
             1582,214,5,118,30,5,484,49,5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,
             142,5,1372,174,5,1582,177]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The number of values of this list can be returned using the &lt;code&gt;length()&lt;/code&gt; operator:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i14)	length (List_1);
(%o14)	105
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Create another list identified as &lt;code&gt;List_2&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i15)	List_2 : [6,1455,200,6,1607,205];
(List_2)	[6,1455,200,6,1607,205]

(%i16)	length (List_2);
(%o16)	6
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Create a third list identified as &lt;code&gt;List_3&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i17)	List_3 : append (List_1, List_2)$

(%i18)	length (List_3);
(%o19)	111
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Note that the &lt;code&gt;'''append ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator does not affect either of the list arguments &lt;code&gt;List_1&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;List&lt;/code&gt;_2. It merely appends &lt;code&gt;List_2&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;List_1&lt;/code&gt; and returns a new list, in this case assigned the identifier &lt;code&gt;List_3&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i20)	length (List_1);
(%o20)  105

(%i21)	length (List_2);
(%o21)  6

(%i22)	length (List_3);
(%o22)	111

(%i23)	List_3;
(%o23)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,
         142,1,1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,
         1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,
         75,3,1004,108,3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,
         4,484,62,4,664,112,4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,
         1582,214,5,118,30,5,484,49,5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,
         142,5,1372,174,5,1582,177,6,1455,200,6,1607,205]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Values (only the last one in this example) can be deleted from a list:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i24)	last (List_3);
(%o24)	205

(%i25)	delete (last (List_3), List_3);
(%o25)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,
         142,1,1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,
         1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,
         75,3,1004,108,3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,
         4,484,62,4,664,112,4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,
         1582,214,5,118,30,5,484,49,5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,
         142,5,1372,174,5,1582,177,6,1455,200,6,1607]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The &lt;code&gt;delete (List_3)&lt;/code&gt; expression creates a new list object using &lt;code&gt;List_3&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;List_3&lt;/code&gt; itself is not affected by the &lt;code&gt;'''delete ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator. Only the resulting list is affected. This is often the case with list operators. An identifier could be used to save the above resulting list if necessary:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;/* List_3 is the same length */
(%i26)	length(List_3); 
(%o26)	111

/* The last value of List_3 is the same */
(%i27)	List_3[111];
(%o27)	205

(%i28)	last(List_3);
(%o28)	205&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;There was only one instance of &lt;code&gt;205&lt;/code&gt; in &lt;code&gt;List_3&lt;/code&gt;, so only that value was deleted from the list of &lt;code&gt;%o25&lt;/code&gt;.  If there are more than one value then the &lt;code&gt;delete ()&lt;/code&gt; operator will remove all of those values from the returned list expression:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i29)	NewList_3 : delete(118, List_3)$ 

/* all five instances of 118 removed from List_3 as NewList_3 */
(%i30)	length(NewList_3);
(%o30)	106
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;There are operators to refer to instances of list expressions by ordinal number. Here are few examples:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i30)	FirstThreeList_3:[first(List_3), second(List_3), third(List_3)];
(FirstThreeList_3)	[1,118,30]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;Expressions of list objects can be referenced to create a new list object from the first ''n'' expressions of a list, the last ''n'' expressions of a list, or the rest remaining after ''n'' expressions from the beginning or ''-n'' expressions from the end of a list:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;/* first three expressions of List_3 */
(%i31)	firstn(List_3,3); 
(%o31)	[1,118,30]

/* same three expressions of List_3 using the rest operator with -108 */
(%i32)	rest(List_3, -108); 
(%o32)	[1,118,30]

/* last three expressions of List_3 */
(%i33)	lastn(List_3,3); 
(%o33)	[6,1607,205]

/* same three expressions of List_3 using the rest operator with 108 */
(%i34)	rest(List_3, 108);
(%o34)	[6,1607,205]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;Some further examples of the &lt;code&gt;'''firstn ()'''&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;'''lastn ()'''&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;'''rest ()'''&lt;/code&gt; list operators:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* first 63 expressions of List_3 */
(%i35)	firstn (List_3, 63);
(%o35)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,142,1,
         1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,1231,172,2,
         1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75,3,1004,108,3,
         1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140]

/* last 63 expressions of List_3 */
(%i36)	lastn (List_3, 63);
(%o36)	[3,664,75,3,1004,108,3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,
         4,484,62,4,664,112,4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,1582,214,
         5,118,30,5,484,49,5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,142,5,1372,174,5,
         1582,177,6,1455,200,6,1607,205]

/* first expressions of List_3 after removing the last 63*/
(%i37)	rest (List_3, -63);
(%o37)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,142,1,
         1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,1231,172,2,
         1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;Maxima programming expressions can be used with list operators to reference list expressions in various ways. For example, the expression which follows accesses the expressions of a list as lists of three each:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i38)	(L4 : List_4,
	      for i:(-length (List_4)) + 3 thru 0 step 3 do
	             (disp (rest (L4, i)), 
	              L4 : rest (L4, 3)),
	     &quot;&quot;)$

[1,118,30]
[1,484,58]
[1,664,87]
[1,1004,115]
[1,1231,120]
[1,1372,142]
[1,1582,145]
[2,118,33]
[2,484,69]
[2,664,111]
[2,1004,156]
[2,1231,172]
[2,1372,203]
[2,1582,203]
[3,118,30]
[3,484,51]
[3,664,75]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;List operators can be used as arguments of other list operators:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* create a new empty list */
(%i39)	newList4 : [];
(newList4)	[]

/* append the first six &amp; last six expressions of List_4 to the new list */
(%i40)	newList4 : append (newList4, firstn (List_4, 6), lastn (List_4, 6))$

/* the new list now has the 12 appended expressions from List_4 */
(%i41)	newList4;
(%o41)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Maxima programming expressions can be used to step through the expressions of lists using list operators to reference &quot;slices&quot; of different lengths:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i42)	L4 : List_4;
(L4)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,142,1,1582
         145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,1231,172,2,1372,203,
         2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75]

(%i43)	length (L4);
(%o43)	51

(%i44)	(L4 : List_4,
         for i : 21 thru 3 step -3 do
	         print (L4 : lastn (L4, i),&quot; &quot;, length (L4)),
	    &quot;&quot;)$

[2,1004,156,2,1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75] 21

[2,1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75] 18

[2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75] 15

[2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75] 12

[3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75] 9

[3,484,51,3,664,75] 6

[3,664,75] 3&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

==== Using the &lt;code&gt;copylist&lt;/code&gt; Operator ====
When an existing list object is assigned to an identifier, a reference to the memory location of the list object is used. This reference to the memory location is transparent from the point of view of the user. However, if this is not accounted for, unintended side effects may occur when assigning another identifier to an existing one that references a list object.

For example, in the expression &lt;code&gt;L4 : List_4&lt;/code&gt; it might be assumed that this results in the list object referenced by &lt;code&gt;List_4&lt;/code&gt; to simply be copied to a new memory location and reference for &lt;code&gt;L4&lt;/code&gt;. This is not the case. Both &lt;code&gt;L4&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;List_4&lt;/code&gt; refer to the same list object in memory. Consequently, changes to the same list object can be effected by referencing the object using either alias.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i45)	newList4;
(%o45)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]

/* The identifier newList4 refers to a location in memory.
   The colon (:) assignment operator simply creates an alias
   using that same memory reference*/

(%i46)	newList5 : newList4;
(newList5)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]

/* Two different identifiers for the same memory location and
   therefore the same object. Changes to expressions of the list
   object using either identifier changes the same object in memory */
   
(%i47)	newList5[1] : 99;
(newList5[1])	99

(%i48)	newList4[1];
(%o48)	99

(%i49)	newList4;
(%o49)	[99,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]

(%i50)	newList5;
(%o50)	[99,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
This &quot;side effect&quot; is often unwanted. The way to avoid this is by using the &lt;code&gt;copylist ()&lt;/code&gt; operator instead of the assignment operator:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i51)	newList4 : [1,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75] ;
(newList4)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]

(%i52)	newList5 : copylist (newList4);
(newList5)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,3,484,51,3,664,75]
 
 /* Same list object expressions, but a different memory reference */

(%i53)	newList5[1] : 99;
(newList5[1])	99

(%i54)	newList4[1];
(%o54)	1
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Changes to the values of either list will not affect the other list.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+List Object Operators
|[
|fourth
|rreduce
|-
|]
|fullsetify
|second
|-
|append
|join
|setify
|-
|assoc
|last
|seventh
|-
|cons
|length
|sixth
|-
|copylist
|listarith
|some
|-
|create_list
|listp
|sort
|-
|delete
|lmax
|sublist
|-
|eighth
|lmin
|sublist_indices
|-
|endcons
|lreduce
|tenth
|-
|fifth
|makelist
|third
|-
|first
|member
|tree_reduce
|-
|flatten
|reverse
|xreduce
|}

Refer to the Maximal Manual&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual Section 7.4.2 Functions and Variables for Lists |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Data-Types-and-Structures.html#Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt; for more complete description of operators and variables for Maxima lists.

==== Performance Considerations for Lists ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Lists provide efficient ways of appending and removing elements. They can be created without knowing their final dimensions. Lisp provides efficient means of copying and handling lists. Also nested lists do not need to be strictly rectangular. These advantages over declared arrays come with the drawback that the amount of time needed for accessing a random element within a list may be roughly proportional to the element’s distance from its beginning.&quot;''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual Section 7.4.3 Performance considerations for Lists |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Data-Types-and-Structures.html#Lists}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Maxima list objects have many operators for creating, accessing, and changing the expressions of lists. Evaluation times of expressions that involve lists can vary significantly depending on the length of the list objects involved, as well as the nature of any operators used to compose the expressions. This fact might have an influence on the choice of using arrays rather than lists in some cases if evaluation time is a factor to consider. The example expressions that follow involve a list object (identified as &lt;code&gt;s&lt;/code&gt; ) of complex number expressions that has a length of 10,000 and two different user-defined functions:&lt;pre&gt;(%i55) P1(s) := rectform (product(s[i], i, 1, length (s)))$

(%i56) P2(s) := xreduce (lambda ([a, b], rectform (a * b)), s)$

(%i57) s : makelist (random (1.0) + %i*random (1.0), 10^4)$

(%i58)	showtime : true$
Evaluation took 0.0000 seconds (0.0000 elapsed) using 0 bytes.

(%i59) P1(s);
Evaluation took 32.3080 seconds (32.3860 elapsed) using 17944.301 MB.
(%o59) 0.0

(%i60) P2(s);
Evaluation took 0.0620 seconds (0.0620 elapsed) using 8.343 MB.
(%o60) 0.0

(%i61)	showtime : false$
Evaluation took 0.0000 seconds (0.0000 elapsed) using 0 bytes.&lt;/pre&gt;
==Arrays ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Maxima's current array/matrix semantics are a mess, I must say, with at least four different kinds of object (hash arrays, explicit lists, explicit matrices, Lisp arrays) supporting subscripting with varying semantics.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.comp.mathematics.maxima.general/21829 Maxima: Syntax improvements by Stavros Macrakis ]&lt;/ref&gt;
– Stavros Macrakis

&quot;Maxima's concept of arrays, lists, and matrices is pretty confused, since various ideas have accreted in the many years of the project... Yes, this is a mess. Sorry about that. These are all interesting ideas, but there is no unifying framework.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://stackoverflow.com/a/29926692 Maxima: what does Maxima call an “array”? - answer by Robert Dodier]&lt;/ref&gt;

– Robert Dodier&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The various terminology used in the context of arrays undoubtedly can be confusing. For the sake of simplicity and clarity the following categories of array objects are referred to in this book:


Maxima has three array categories :&lt;ref&gt;[http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.mathematics.maxima.general/13588 the Maxima mailing list &lt;nowiki&gt;: [Maxima] array and matrix? - answer by Robert Dodier&lt;/nowiki&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Declared arrays 
* Undeclared (hashed) arrays 
* Lisp arrays 

'''''Declared arrays''''' are explicitly created using the &lt;code&gt;array()&lt;/code&gt; operator, and unlike lists, which have only one index and are one-dimensional, declared  arrays can be multi-dimensional  – having one to five indices. The indices for declared array dimensions need not be equal.

Indices for each dimension may be between 0 and the respective declared dimension. Each declared array may be be declared with a specified type, which can be ''&lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt;'' for integers or ''&lt;code&gt;flonum&lt;/code&gt;'' for floating-point numbers.

'''''Undeclared (hashed) arrays''''' are created implicitly by assigning an expression to an indexed identifier that does not name an existing list object. An undeclared array (hashed array) can grow dynamically as there is no fixed dimension limit for each index as there is with declared arrays Another difference is that numbers, identifiers, expressions and strings may be used for indices.

Also, there is no fixed limit on the number of dimensions. The only real limitation is practical – the available computer memory and the underlying Lisp environment of the Maxima session. Hashed arrays with only one dimension may be confused with a list object.

It is essential to keep in mind that list objects must always be created before values are assigned or referenced. Assigning an expression to a one-dimensional indexed identifier, that does not reference an existing list, implicitly creates a hashed array.

'''''Lisp arrays''''' are created using the &lt;code&gt;'''make_array ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator. The array type may be specified as ''any'', ''&lt;code&gt;flonum&lt;/code&gt;'', ''&lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt;'', or ''&lt;code&gt;hashed&lt;/code&gt;''. Lisp array objects may be created as one-dimensional or multi-dimensional as specified by the number of dimension size values used with the &lt;code&gt;'''make_array ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator. For each  dimension value specified, the associated index value can be a number between 0 to 1 less than the respective dimension value. The same or different values may be used for each specified dimension. The ''&lt;code&gt;hashed&lt;/code&gt;'' type does not require any dimensions. Lisp arrays may be used in cases where memory usage and garbage collection are factors.

Examples of use and elaboration upon the technical details for each of these categories of array object types follows.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Array Operators and Flags
|array
|arraysetapply
|rearray
|-
|arrayapply
|has_key
|remarray
|-
|arrayinfo
|fillarray
|subvar
|-
|arraymake
|listarray
|subvarp
|-
|arrays
|make_array
|use_fast_arrays
|-
|
|
|translate_fast_arrays
|}
=== Declared Arrays ===
Declared arrays must be created before being referenced and are of fixed dimensions.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i1)	array (A1, fixnum, 34,2); 
(%o1)	A1

(%i2)	array (A2, flonum, 35,2);
(%o2)	A2

(%i3)	array (A3, 14,3);
(%o3)	A3

(%i4)	arrayinfo (A1);
(%o4)	[complete,2,[34,2]]

(%i5)	arrayinfo (A2);
(%o5)	[complete,2,[35,2]]

(%i6)	arrayinfo (A3);
(%o6)	[declared,2,[14,3]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The first expression &lt;code&gt;%i1&lt;/code&gt; creates a declared array object named using the identifier &lt;code&gt;A1&lt;/code&gt;. This array is two-dimensional – the first index may have values from 0 to 34 and the second index may have values from 0 to 2. This array therefore is 35 by 3 in extent. The array type is declared to be &lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt;. As it is, &lt;code&gt;A1&lt;/code&gt; is an not empty array – it has values to reference as will be exemplified below.

Similarly the second expression &lt;code&gt;%i2&lt;/code&gt; creates a declared array object named using the identifier &lt;code&gt;A2&lt;/code&gt;. This array is also two-dimensional – the first index may have values from 0 to 35 and the second index may have values from 0 to 2. This array therefore is 36 by 3 in extent. The array type is declared to be &lt;code&gt;flonum&lt;/code&gt;. As it is, &lt;code&gt;A2&lt;/code&gt; is not an empty array – it also has values to reference as will be exemplified below.

The third expression &lt;code&gt;%i3&lt;/code&gt; creates a declared array object named using the identifier &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt;. This array is also two-dimensional – the first index may have values from 0 to 13 and the second index may have values from 0 to 3. This array therefore is 15 by 4 in extent. The array type is not declared. As it is, &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; is an empty array – it has no values to reference as will be exemplified below.

The &lt;code&gt;'''arrayinfo ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator can be used to return a list object that has values reflecting information about an array. Note that arrays declared without a type will have &lt;code&gt;declared&lt;/code&gt; as a value of the list. Arrays declared with &lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;flonum&lt;/code&gt; as the type will have &lt;code&gt;complete&lt;/code&gt; as a value of the list. This technical detail is not well-documented. The returned information list also shows a value for the dimension of the array ( 2 in these examples ) and an inner list with values for the maximum index for each dimension.

A look inside each of these declared arrays provides a clue as to why &lt;code&gt;complete&lt;/code&gt; is returned instead of &lt;code&gt;declared&lt;/code&gt; when the type is specified as &lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;flonum&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;/* This array reference has a value of 0 */
(%i7)	A1[0,0];
(%o7)	0

/* This array reference has a value of 0.0 */
(%i8)	A2[0,0];
(%o8)	0.0

/* This array reference has a value of itself */
(%i9)	A3[0,0];
(%o9)	A3[0,0]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

In fact, ''all'' values of the array &lt;code&gt;A1&lt;/code&gt; have been assigned 0, and ''all'' values of the array &lt;code&gt;A2&lt;/code&gt; have beenassigned 0.0. However, ''all'' values of the array &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; have been not been assigned any value.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i10)	listarray (A1);
(%o10)	[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
         0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]

(%i11)	listarray (A2);
(%o11)	[0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,
         0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,
         0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,
         0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,
         0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,
         0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,
         0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]

(%i12)	listarray (A3);
(%o12)	[#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,
         #####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,
         #####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,
         #####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,
         #####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,
         #####,#####,#####,#####,#####]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Thus, arrays &lt;code&gt;A1&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;A2&lt;/code&gt; are &lt;code&gt;complete&lt;/code&gt; in this sense, and array &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; is simply &lt;code&gt;declared&lt;/code&gt;.

It might seem reasonable, that Maxima would complain if a value was assigned to an array that is at odds with the declared type. Such is not the case however. Once an array is declared with a type, Maxima does not enforce any type checking of values assigned to the array.

The effect of the type (if any) in the declaration is simply to fill the array with values of #####, 0 or 0.0. Subsequently, those values can be replaced by the assignment of different values that will not be checked for the type of value. One way to enforce type checking is by using predicate operators to check values at the point in time of assignment to arrays. For example, using one or more of:

* numberp (expr)
* floatnump (expr)
* integerp (expr) 
* ratnump (expr)
* stringp (obj)
* listp (expr) 
* featurep (a, f)

and possibly others.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* A1 was declared as type fixnum */
(%i13)	A1[5,2]:3.14159;
(%o13)	3.14159

/* A2 was declared as type flonum */
(%i14)	A2[3,0]:7129;
(%o14)	7129

/* A1 which was declared as type fixnum assigned a string */
(%i15)	A1[4,1]:&quot;a string&quot;;
(%o15)	&quot;a string&quot;

/* A2 which was declared as type flonum assigned a math expression*/
(%i16)	A2[6,1]:3*x^2 + 4*x +10; 
(%o16)	3*x^2+4*x+10
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

There are other ways to assign values to an array. One way is to read the values from a comma separated (CSV) file  using the &lt;code&gt;'''read_array ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator from the ''numericalio'' package.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i17) load (numericalio);
(%o17) &quot;/app/plugins/maxima/share/maxima/5.50.0/share/numericalio/numericalio.mac&quot;


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Below are of the values of the CSV data file &lt;code&gt;tree_data_nh.csv&lt;/code&gt; :&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;text&quot;&gt;
1,118,30
1,484,58
1,664,87
1,1004,115
1,1231,120
1,1372,142
1,1582,145
2,118,33
2,484,69
2,664,111
2,1004,156
2,1231,172
2,1372,203
2,1582,203
3,118,30
3,484,51
3,664,75
3,1004,108
3,1231,115
3,1372,139
3,1582,140
4,118,32
4,484,62
4,664,112
4,1004,167
4,1231,179
4,1372,209
4,1582,214
5,118,30
5,484,49
5,664,81
5,1004,125
5,1231,142
5,1372,174
5,1582,177
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Note that the following expression assumes that the CSV file is located in the Maxima working directory.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i18)	read_array(&quot;tree_data_nh.csv&quot;, A1, &quot;,&quot;); 
(%o18)	done

(%i19)	 listarray(A1);
(%o19)	[1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,115,1,1231,120,1,1372,142,
         1,1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,2,1004,156,2,1231,172,
         2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,3,664,75,3,1004,108,
         3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,4,484,62,4,664,112,
         4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,1582,214,5,118,30,5,484,49,
         5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,142,5,1372,174,5,1582,177]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Below are of the values of the CSV data file &lt;code&gt;tree_data.csv&lt;/code&gt;  which has a header row, but is otherwise the same as &lt;code&gt;tree_data_nh.csv&lt;/code&gt;:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;text&quot;&gt;
&quot;Tree&quot;,&quot;age&quot;,&quot;circumference&quot;
1,118,30
1,484,58
1,664,87
1,1004,115
1,1231,120
1,1372,142
1,1582,145
2,118,33
2,484,69
2,664,111
2,1004,156
2,1231,172
2,1372,203
2,1582,203
3,118,30
3,484,51
3,664,75
3,1004,108
3,1231,115
3,1372,139
3,1582,140
4,118,32
4,484,62
4,664,112
4,1004,167
4,1231,179
4,1372,209
4,1582,214
5,118,30
5,484,49
5,664,81
5,1004,125
5,1231,142
5,1372,174
5,1582,177
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i20)	read_array (&quot;tree_data.csv&quot;, A2, &quot;,&quot;); 
(%o20)	done

(%i21) listarray (A2);
(%o21) [&quot;Tree&quot;,&quot;age&quot;,&quot;circumference&quot;,1,118,30,1,484,58,1,664,87,1,1004,
        115,1,1231,120,1,1372,142,1,1582,145,2,118,33,2,484,69,2,664,111,
        2,1004,156,2,1231,172,2,1372,203,2,1582,203,3,118,30,3,484,51,
        3,664,75,3,1004,108,3,1231,115,3,1372,139,3,1582,140,4,118,32,
        4,484,62,4,664,112,4,1004,167,4,1231,179,4,1372,209,4,1582,214,
        5,118,30,5,484,49,5,664,81,5,1004,125,5,1231,142,5,1372,174,
        5,1582,177]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The previous values of 0 and 0,0 as well as the assigned values of &lt;code&gt;A1&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;A2&lt;/code&gt; have been replaced with the values from the CSV files.

The third array &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; can be used with values from the  &lt;code&gt;dataset.csv&lt;/code&gt; file below:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;text&quot;&gt;&quot;Last Name&quot;,&quot;Sales&quot;,&quot;Country&quot;,&quot;Quarter&quot;
&quot;Smith&quot;,16753.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
&quot;Johnson&quot;,14808.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
&quot;Williams&quot;,10644.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;
&quot;Jones&quot;,1390.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
&quot;Brown&quot;,4865.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
&quot;Williams&quot;,12438.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;
&quot;Johnson&quot;,9339.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;
&quot;Smith&quot;,18919.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
&quot;Jones&quot;,9213.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
&quot;Jones&quot;,7433.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;
&quot;Brown&quot;,3255.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;
&quot;Williams&quot;,14867.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
&quot;Williams&quot;,19302.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.00,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i22)	read_array (&quot;dataset.csv&quot;, A3, &quot;,&quot;); 
(%o22)	done

(%i23)	 listarray (A3);
(%o23)	[&quot;Last Name&quot;,&quot;Sales&quot;,&quot;Country&quot;,&quot;Quarter&quot;,
         &quot;Smith&quot;,16753.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;,
         &quot;Johnson&quot;,14808.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;,
         &quot;Williams&quot;,10644.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;,
         &quot;Jones&quot;,1390.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;,
         &quot;Brown&quot;,4865.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;,
         &quot;Williams&quot;,12438.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;,
         &quot;Johnson&quot;,9339.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;,
         &quot;Smith&quot;,18919.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;,
         &quot;Jones&quot;,9213.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;,
         &quot;Jones&quot;,7433.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;,
         &quot;Brown&quot;,3255.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;,
         &quot;Williams&quot;,14867.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;,
         &quot;Williams&quot;,19302.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;,
         &quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Values of the array can be referenced by indices as required for some purpose:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i24)	A3[0,0];
(%o24)	&quot;Last Name&quot;

(%i25)	A3[4,2];
(%o25)	&quot;USA&quot;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
A row list object can be created using the &lt;code&gt;'''makelist ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i26)	row1A3: makelist (A3[0, j], j, 0, 3)$

(%i27)	row1A3;
(%o27)	[&quot;Last Name&quot;,&quot;Sales&quot;,&quot;Country&quot;,&quot;Quarter&quot;]

(%i28)	row1A3[1];
(%o28)	&quot;Last Name&quot;

(%i29)	row15A3: makelist (A3[14, j], j, 0, 3)$

(%i30)	row15A3;
(%o30)	[&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]

(%i31)	row15A3[2];
(%o31)	9698.0
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
A list of the indices of the array can be created:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i32)	indices_A3 : arrayinfo (A3)[3];
(indices_A3)	[14,3]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The number of indices of array &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; can also be referenced using the &lt;code&gt;'''length (''')&lt;/code&gt; operator:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i33)	length (arrayinfo(A3)[3]);
(%o33)	2
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The number of values of the array &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; can be returned using the '''&lt;code&gt;length ()&lt;/code&gt;''' operator:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i34)	length (listarray (A3));
(%o34)	60
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The values of the array &lt;code&gt;A3&lt;/code&gt; can be printed as output using the list of values with a loop programming expression:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i35)	for i : 1 thru length (listarray (A3)) do 
            print ('A3[i] ,&quot; = &quot;,  listarray (A3)[i])$

A3[1]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Last Name&quot;
A3[2]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Sales&quot;
A3[3]&quot; = &quot;&quot;County&quot;
A3[4]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Quarter&quot;
A3[5]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Smith&quot;
A3[6]&quot; = &quot;16753.0
A3[7]&quot; = &quot;&quot;UK&quot;
A3[8]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
A3[9]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Johnson&quot;
A3[10]&quot; = &quot;14808.0
A3[11]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[12]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
A3[13]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Williams&quot;
A3[14]&quot; = &quot;10644.0
A3[15]&quot; = &quot;&quot;UK&quot;
A3[16]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 2&quot;
A3[17]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Jones&quot;
A3[18]&quot; = &quot;1390.0
A3[19]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[20]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
A3[21]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Brown&quot;
A3[22]&quot; = &quot;4865.0
A3[23]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[24]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
A3[25]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Williams&quot;
A3[26]&quot; = &quot;12438.0
A3[27]&quot; = &quot;&quot;UK&quot;
A3[28]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 1&quot;
A3[29]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Johnson&quot;
A3[30]&quot; = &quot;9339.0
A3[31]&quot; = &quot;&quot;UK&quot;
A3[32]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 2&quot;
A3[33]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Smith&quot;
A3[34]&quot; = &quot;18919.0
A3[35]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[36]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
A3[37]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Jones&quot;
A3[38]&quot; = &quot;9213.0
A3[39]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[40]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
A3[41]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Jones&quot;
A3[42]&quot; = &quot;7433.0
A3[43]&quot; = &quot;&quot;UK&quot;
A3[44]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 1&quot;
A3[45]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Brown&quot;
A3[46]&quot; = &quot;3255.0
A3[47]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[48]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 2&quot;
A3[49]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Williams&quot;
A3[50]&quot; = &quot;14867.0
A3[51]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[52]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 3&quot;
A3[53]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Williams&quot;
A3[54]&quot; = &quot;19302.0
A3[55]&quot; = &quot;&quot;UK&quot;
A3[56]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 4&quot;
A3[57]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Smith&quot;
A3[58]&quot; = &quot;9698.0
A3[59]&quot; = &quot;&quot;USA&quot;
A3[60]&quot; = &quot;&quot;Qtr 1&quot;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Maxima treats declared arrays as fixed-sized, and individual values are accessed via indices. There is no built-in &quot;row&quot; object — rows must be extracted manually using the &lt;code&gt;'''makelist ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator or by looping through values of an array.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i36)	array (rowsA3,15);
(%o36)	rowsA3

(%i37)	arrayinfo (rowsA3);
(%o37)	[declared,1,[15]]

(%i38)	for i : 0 thru 14 do
	       (rowsA3[i+1] : makelist (A3[i, j], j, 0, 3),
	        print (&quot;Row &quot;,i+1,&quot;: &quot;,rowsA3[i+1]))$;

&quot;Row &quot;1&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Last Name&quot;,&quot;Sales&quot;,&quot;Country&quot;,&quot;Quarter&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;2&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Smith&quot;,16753.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;3&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Johnson&quot;,14808.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;4&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,10644.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;5&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Jones&quot;,1390.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;6&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Brown&quot;,4865.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;7&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,12438.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;8&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Johnson&quot;,9339.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;9&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Smith&quot;,18919.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;10&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Jones&quot;,9213.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;11&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Jones&quot;,7433.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;12&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Brown&quot;,3255.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;13&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,14867.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;14&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,19302.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;15&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
Maxima does not have a built-in function like &lt;code&gt;delete&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;unset&lt;/code&gt; for removing individual values from arrays using indices. Existing values of an array can be changed by assignment however:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i52)	rowsA3[1] : [&quot;Solomon&quot;,1045.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]$

(%i53)	for i : 1 thru 15 do
	    (newRowsA3[i] : rowsA3[i],
	    print (&quot;Row &quot;,i,&quot;: &quot;,newRowsA3[i]))$;

&quot;Row &quot;1&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Solomon&quot;,1045.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;2&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Smith&quot;,16753.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;3&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Johnson&quot;,14808.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;4&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,10644.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;5&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Jones&quot;,1390.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;6&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Brown&quot;,4865.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;7&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,12438.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;8&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Johnson&quot;,9339.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;9&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Smith&quot;,18919.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;10&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Jones&quot;,9213.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;11&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Jones&quot;,7433.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;12&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Brown&quot;,3255.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;13&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,14867.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;14&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Williams&quot;,19302.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]
&quot;Row &quot;15&quot;: &quot;[&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The &lt;code&gt;'''arrayapply ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator can be used a follows to reference values of a declared array:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i39)	arrayapply (rowsA3,[5]);
(%o39)	[&quot;Jones&quot;,1390.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;]

(%i40)	arrayapply (A3, [5,1]);
(%o40)	4865.0
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The operator &lt;code&gt;'''fillarray (A, B)'''&lt;/code&gt; assigns values to array &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; from &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;, which can be a list or an array. The dimensions of the arrays &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; may not be the same. In that case, array &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; is filled in &quot;row-major&quot; order. There may not be enough values in &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; compared to &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt;. In that case, the last value of &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; is used to for the remaining values of &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt;. There may be too many values of &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; compared to array &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt;. In that case, the remaining values of &lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt; once &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; is filled are not used. The return value of &lt;code&gt;'''fillarray ()'''&lt;/code&gt; is not the filled array &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt;, but it is the first argument.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;/* Create a declared array B of type fixnum */
(%i41)	array (B, fixnum, 9);
(%o41)	B

/* list the values of array B */
(%i42)	listarray (B);
(%o42)	[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]

/* fill array B with the values of the list */
(%i43)	fillarray (B, [0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.0]);
(%o43)	B

/* list the values of array B */
(%i44)	listarray (B);
(%o44)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.0]

/* fill array B with the value 1.0 */
(%i45)	fillarray (B, [1.0]);
(%o45)	B

/* list the values of array B */
(%i46)	listarray (B);
(%o46)	[1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0]

/* fill array B with the first 9 values of the list */
(%i47)	fillarray (B, [0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,12]);
(%o47)	B

/* list the values of array B */
(%i48)	listarray (B);
(%o48)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

/* Create a declared array D of no type */
(%i49)	array (D, 9);
(%o49)	D

/* list the values of array D */
(%i50)	listarray (D);
(%o50)	[#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####,#####]

/* fill array D with the value 1.0 */ 
(%i51)	fillarray (D, [1.0]);
(%o51)	D

/* list the values of array D */
(%i52)	listarray (D);
(%o52)	[1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0]

/* Create a declared array E of no type */
(%i53)	array (E, 15);
(%o53)	E

/* fill array E with the values from the newRowsA3 list */ 
(%i54)	fillarray (E, listarray (newRowsA3));
(%o54)	E

/* list the values of array D */
(%i55)	listarray (E);
(%o55)	[[&quot;Solomon&quot;,1045.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,16753.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Johnson&quot;,14808.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,10644.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;],
         [&quot;Jones&quot;,1390.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Brown&quot;,4865.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,12438.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;],
         [&quot;Johnson&quot;,9339.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,18919.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Jones&quot;,9213.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Jones&quot;,7433.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;],
         [&quot;Brown&quot;,3255.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,14867.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,19302.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]]

/* remove array E */
(%i56)	remarray (E);
(%o56)	[E]

/*  E is no longer an array */
(%i57)	arrayinfo (E);
arrayinfo: E is not an array.

 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

If you need to keep the array but remove only one value, you must reconstruct it without that value. The operator &lt;code&gt;'''remarray ()'''&lt;/code&gt; is the typical way to completely remove an array.

The &lt;code&gt;'''rearray (A, dim&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, dim&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ,…, dim&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;)'''&lt;/code&gt; operator is used to change the dimensions of an array. The changed array will be filled with the elements of the existing array in row-major order. If the existing array has one or more smaller dimensions, the additional dimension values of the changed array are assigned with a value that depends on the type of the array. If the existing array has one or more larger dimensions, the deficient dimension values of the changed array are lost. The type of the array cannot be changed using this operator. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* list with the values of array B */
(%i58)	listarray (B);
(%o58)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

/* list with information about array B */
(%i59)	arrayinfo (B);
(%o59)	[complete,1,[9]]

/* increase the dimension of array B */
(%i60)	rearray (B, 12);
(%o60)	\#\{Lisp array \[13\]\}

/* list with information about array B with increased dimension */
(%i61)	arrayinfo (B);
(%o61)	[complete,1,[12]]

/* list with the values of array B */
(%i62)	listarray (B);
(%o62)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,0,0]

/* decrease the dimension of array B */
(%i63)	rearray (B, 6);
(%o63)	\#\{Lisp array \[7\]\}

/* list with information about array B with decreased dimension */
(%i64)	arrayinfo (B);
(%o64)	[complete,1,[6]]

/* list with the values of array B */
(%i65)	listarray (B);
(%o65)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6]


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The &lt;code&gt;'''arraymake ()'''&lt;/code&gt; operator returns a value that is an array reference without evaluation. This operator, in spite of the name, does not &quot;make&quot; an array. It returns this reference as a value whether or not an array exists as an object:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* the arraymake operator returns the unevaluated reference to A */
(%i66)	arraymake (A, [i,j]);
(%o66)	A[i,j]

/* however array A is not an array object*/
(%i67)	arrayinfo (A);
arrayinfo: A is not an array.
 -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);

/* Maxima sees A[j,k] as a reference to an undefined memoizing function */
(%i68)	op (arraymake (A, [i,j]));
(%o68)	A
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
However, from a practical point of view, this operator is used with existing arrays:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i69)	listarray (newRowsA3);
(%o69)	[[&quot;Solomon&quot;,1045.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,16753.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Johnson&quot;,14808.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,10644.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;],
         [&quot;Jones&quot;,1390.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Brown&quot;,4865.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,12438.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;],
         [&quot;Johnson&quot;,9339.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,18919.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Jones&quot;,9213.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Jones&quot;,7433.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;],
         [&quot;Brown&quot;,3255.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,14867.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;],
         [&quot;Williams&quot;,19302.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;],
         [&quot;Smith&quot;,9698.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 1&quot;]]

(%i70)	arraymake (newRowsA3, [4]);
(%o70)	newRowsA3[4]

(%i71)	''%;
(%o71)	[&quot;Williams&quot;,10644.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]

(%i72)	arraymake (newRowsA3, [i]);
(%o72)	newRowsA3[i]

(%i73)	''%, i = 6;
(%o73)	[&quot;Brown&quot;,4865.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The operator &lt;code&gt;arraymake (x, [i])&lt;/code&gt; constructs the expression &lt;code&gt;x[i]&lt;/code&gt;, but does not evaluate it. 

The operator &lt;code&gt;'''subvar'''&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;'''(x, i)'''&lt;/code&gt; evaluates the indexed expression &lt;code&gt;x[i]&lt;/code&gt;, and evaluates its arguments. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i74)	listarray (B);
(%o174)	[0,1,2,3,4,5,6]

(%i75)	x : B;
(x)	B

(%i76)	i : 4;
(i)	4

(%i77)	subvar (x, i);
(%o77)	4
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The operator &lt;code&gt;'''subvarp (expr)'''&lt;/code&gt; returns a value of &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; if &lt;code&gt;expr&lt;/code&gt; is a indexed identifier, and &lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt; otherwise. This operator evaluates the argument &lt;code&gt;expr&lt;/code&gt;.  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;

(%i78)	z[p];
(%o78)	z[p]

(%i79)	subvarp (z[p]);
(%o79)	true

(%i80)	x[i];
(%o80)	4

(%i81)	subvar (x, i)
(%o81)	4

(%i82)	w : z[p];
(w)	z[p]

(%i83)	subvarp (w);
(%o83)	true


&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
The expression &lt;code&gt;'''arrays'''&lt;/code&gt;  returns a list of allocated arrays: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i84)	arrays;
(%o84)	[A3,A2,A1,rowsA3,newRowsA3,B,D]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The operator &lt;code&gt;'''arraysetapply (A, [i&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;,i&lt;sub&gt;2,&lt;/sub&gt;…,i&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;], x)'''&lt;/code&gt; assigns the value of expression &lt;code&gt;x&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code&gt;[i&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;,i&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;,…,i&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; is an array and &lt;code&gt;i&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;,i&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;,…,i&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are integers.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i85)	arraysetapply (newRowsA3, [8], [&quot;George&quot;,20818.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]);
(%o85)	[&quot;George&quot;,20818.0,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 4&quot;]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
=== Undeclared Arrays ===

Maxima declared arrays and Maxima undeclared arrays will likely be the two types of data structures used by most users. Maxima undeclared arrays are also referred to as '''''hashed arrays'''''. For both of these two array types, memory allocation and structure occur &quot;behind the curtain&quot; of the Maxima user level, and &quot;the man behind the curtain&quot; is Lisp.

Of these two types, hashed arrays are the most flexible from the user point of view, all other factors being equal:

* The indices allowed for hashed arrays can be expressions,
* The dimensions of a hashed array are dynamic and not fixed, and
* Hashed arrays are relatively easier to create.
In fact, hashed arrays can be somewhat too easy to create. In the examples of the previous section involving declared arrays, identifiers were used as names for arrays. Here is the list of allocated arrays:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i86)	arrays;
(%o86)	[A3,A2,A1,rowsA3,newRowsA3,B,D,my_list,h]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The array information for array &lt;code&gt;newRowsA3&lt;/code&gt; is shown below:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i87)	arrayinfo(newRowsA3);
(%o87)	[hashed,1,[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;So the array &lt;code&gt;newRowsA3&lt;/code&gt; is not a declared array. it was created as part of a loop programming expression repeated below:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i53)	for i : 1 thru 15 do
	    (newRowsA3[i] : rowsA3[i],
	    print(&quot;Row &quot;,i,&quot;: &quot;,newRowsA3[i]))$;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;When the first loop block was executed with &lt;code&gt;i : 1&lt;/code&gt;, the assignment expression:

&lt;code&gt;newRowsA3[i] : rowsA3[i]&lt;/code&gt;

created a hashed array named  &lt;code&gt;newRowsA3&lt;/code&gt; and assigned &lt;code&gt;newRowsA3[1]&lt;/code&gt; the value of &lt;code&gt;rowsA3[1]&lt;/code&gt; automatically without any declaration. After that the hashed array dynamically allocated memory for values of the loop identifier &lt;code&gt;i&lt;/code&gt; from 2 through 15 with each successive pass in the loop expression. Since hashed arrays are undeclared, and their associated dimensions are not fixed, but rather increase dynamically, expressions can be added to hashed arrays without creating a error message. These added values can be can be any valid Maxima expression, and the value of the indices used are not limited to zero and nonzero integers:  &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i88)	newRowsA3[16] :  [&quot;Maisel&quot;,12785.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;];
(newRowsA3[16])	[&quot;Maisel&quot;,12785.0,&quot;USA&quot;,&quot;Qtr 2&quot;]

(%i89	arrayinfo(newRowsA3);
(%o89)	[hashed,1,[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16]]

(%i90)	newRowsA3[z]  : 2*sin(y) ^2 + 3*sin(x)^3;
(newRowsA3[z])	2*sin(y)^2+3*sin(B)^3

(%i91)	arrayinfo(newRowsA3);
(%o91)	[hashed,1,[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[z]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;So one point to glean from this example is that all that is required to create a hashed array is an assignment expression to an indexed identifier, but it does require this assignment. If for some reason, a declared array is intended, but not declared using the &lt;code&gt;array&lt;/code&gt; operator (as in the instance of &lt;code&gt;newRowsA3&lt;/code&gt;), then a hashed array will be created at the first assignment of an expression to an indexed identifier.

This issue can also occur in cases where reference to a list value is intended, but the list has not been created. Lists are one-dimensional objects by definition. A reference using an identifier with a single index intended to be a list, with no list existing named by that identifier, can inadvertently create a hashed array.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i91)	Alist[2] : 2*sin(y) ^2 + 3*sin(s)^3;
(Alist[2])	2*sin(y)^2+3*sin(s)^3

(%i92)	listp(Alist);
(%o92)	false

(%i93)	arrayinfo(Alist);
(%o93)	[hashed,1,[2]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The identifier &lt;code&gt;Alist&lt;/code&gt; is a name for a hashed array and not a list.

However, hashed arrays, like declared arrays can, be multi-dimensional: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i94)	a_hashed_array [j,k,l] : [12,s^(1/3), %i];
(%o94)	[12,s^(1/3),%i]

(%i95)	arrayinfo(a_hashed_array);
(%o95)	[hashed,3,[j,k,l]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;The &lt;code&gt;array&lt;/code&gt; operator can be used to transform a hashed array into a declared array:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i96)	another_hashed_array[ 0, 2, 3] : 55;
(%o96)	55

(%i97)	array (another_hashed_array, 2, 4, 5);
(%o97)	another_hashed_array

(%i98)	arrayinfo(another_hashed_array);
(%o98)	[declared,3,[2,4,5]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;From the user point of view, hashed arrays and declared arrays typically can be used for the same purpose. If dynamic dimensions or index expression flexibility are factors, then hashed arrays are likely to be a better choice. Many of the operators that can use declared arrays as arguments, may also be used with hashed arrays.

However, it should be noted at this point, that merely using a indexed identifier alone without an assignment, will not create a hashed array. Instead, Maxima interprets an expression so composed as an identifier for an undefined ''memoizing function'', which is the next topic.

==== Memoizing Functions ====
Assignment using an indexed identifier implicitly creates an undeclared (hashed) array. However, entering an expression that is an unassigned indexed identifier, from the point of view of Maxima, creates the identifier of a &quot;memoizing&quot; function. Memoizing functions are technically not an array topic, as these functions fall under the category of function definition. However, these functions have one foot in the function category and the other foot in the array category.

Memoizing functions are defined in a manner similar to other user-defined functions, for example:

&lt;code&gt;f(x, y, z) := x^2 + y^2 + z^2;&lt;/code&gt;

But instead of the arguments being enclosed in parentheses, they are enclosed using brackets:

&lt;code&gt;f[x, y, z] := x^2 + y^2 + z^2;&lt;/code&gt;

However, memoizing functions may be referred to as ''array functions,'' and it is the case that these functions from the point of view of aggregate data structures are hashed arrays. So these are mentioned and exemplified here for that reason:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;/* reference an indexed identifier h without assignment */
(%i99)	h[x];
(%o99)	h[x]

/* check identifier h as an array */
(%i100)	arrayinfo (h);
arrayinfo: h is not an array.
  -- an error. To debug this try: debugmode(true);
  
/* check identifier h as a function */
(%i101)	op(h[x]);
(%o101)	h

/* define h[x] as a memoizing function */
(%i102)	h[x] := 5*x^3 + sin(x);
(h[x])	h[x]:=5*x^3+sin(x)

/* check identifier h[x] as a function */
(%i103)	op(h[x]);
(%o103)	&quot;+&quot;

/* check identifier h as an array */
(%i104)	arrayinfo (h);
(%o104)	[hashed,1,[x]]

/* check the value of identifier h[x] */
(%i105)	h[x];
(%o105)	sin(x)+5*x^3

/* evaluate identifier h[x] with the argument 3*%pi */
(%i106)	h[3*%pi];
(%o106)	135*%pi^3

/* list the values of identifier h as an array */
(%i107)	listarray(h);
(%o107)	[135*%pi^3,sin(x)+5*x^3]

/* check identifier h as an array */
(%i108)	arrayinfo (h);
(%o108)	[hashed,1,[3*%pi],[x]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;A defined memoizing function stores its value the ''first time'' it is referenced with arguments, and returns the stored value, without evaluation, when the same arguments are used with that function subsequently. The stored value is &quot;frozen&quot; after the initial evaluation. Thus, it behaves like a hashed array. The arguments of a memoizing function also serve as indices of the associated hashed array.

=== Lisp Arrays ===
Lisp arrays are created using the &lt;code&gt;make_array (type, dim&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, dim&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, …, dim&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/code&gt; operator. Perhaps a better name for this operator would be &lt;code&gt;make_lisp_array ()&lt;/code&gt;, which admittedly is a longer name.

This operator creates and has a return value of a Lisp array. The array type may be &lt;code&gt;any&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;flonum&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt;, or  &lt;code&gt;hashed&lt;/code&gt; . The &lt;code&gt;functional&lt;/code&gt; type referred to in the Maxima Manual appears to have been deprecated, and may result in an error message if used. There can be ''n'' indices, and where the associated indices can be a value from ''0'' to ''dim&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; -1'', and ''i'' can have a value of one of 1 to ''n'' inclusive.

This operator can be used as an alternative to the &lt;code&gt;array ()&lt;/code&gt; operator. The advantage of using &lt;code&gt;make_array()&lt;/code&gt; is that the return value of &lt;code&gt;make_array()&lt;/code&gt; ''does not have a name''. Once the Maxima identifier that is assigned to the array return value is no longer assigned, the array memory allocation is released, and the allocated memory can be garbage collected. What it is being referred to that Lisp arrays created using &lt;code&gt;make_array()&lt;/code&gt; do not have names? &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* create a undeclared Maxima hashed array */
(%i109)	arrayA1 [1] : 55;  
(%o109)	55

/* check the information about this undeclared Maxima hashed array */
(%i110)	arrayinfo (arrayA1);
(%o110)	[hashed,1,[1]]

/* check the value of this undeclared Maxima hashed array */
(%i111)	arrayA1;
(%o111)	arrayA1     /* the name */

/* create a Lisp hashed array */
(%i112)	arrayA2 : make_array (hashed);
(arrayA2)	&quot;#&lt;HASH-TABLE :TEST EQUAL :COUNT 1 {1202987DC3}&gt;&quot;

/* check the information about this Lisp hashed array */
(%i113)	arrayinfo (arrayA2);
(%o113)	[hash_table,1]

/* check the value of this Lisp hashed array */
(%i114)	arrayA2;
(%o114)	&quot;#&lt;HASH-TABLE :TEST EQUAL :COUNT 1 {1202987DC3}&gt;&quot; /* no name */

(%i115)	listarray (arrayA2);
(%o115)	[]                     /* this hashed array is empty */
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;So Lisp arrays do not have a name as a value. So, Maxima identifiers assigned to a Lisp array have no name for the array as a value. These identifiers have the reference to the array itself as a value, Lisp hashed arrays created using &lt;code&gt;make_array()&lt;/code&gt; with the hashed type specified, do not use dimensions. Lisp hashed arrays are often referred to as '''''hashed tables''''', and their indices are called '''''keys'''''.

An example of a Lisp array with the type &lt;code&gt;any&lt;/code&gt; follows:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
/* make a Lisp 3 by 4 array of type any */
(%i116)	arrayA3 : make_array (any, 3,4);
(arrayA3)	\#\{Lisp array \[3\\,4\]\}

(%i117)	arrayinfo (arrayA3);
(%o117)	[declared,2,[2,3]]

(%i118)	listarray(arrayA3);
(%o118)	[false,false,false,false,false,false,false,false,false,false,false,false]

(%i119)	arrayA3[1,1] : &quot;a string&quot; ;
(%o119)	&quot;a string&quot;

(%i120)	listarray(arrayA3);
(%o120)	[false,false,false,false,false,&quot;a string&quot;,
         false,false,false,false,false,false]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;Contrary to statements made in some sources, type checking is is not accomplished automatically, and will not cause Maxima to return an error message, as the Lisp array with the type &lt;code&gt;fixnum&lt;/code&gt; which follows exemplifies:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i121)	arrayA4 : make_array (fixnum, 3,4);
(arrayA4)	\#\{Lisp array \[3\\,4\]\}

(%i122)	arrayinfo (arrayA4);
(%o122)	[declared,2,[2,3]]

(%i123)	listarray (arrayA4);
(%o123)	[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]

(%i124)	arrayA4[0,2] : 3.14159;
(%o124)	3.14159

(%i125)	arrayA4[0,0] : &quot;a string&quot;;
(%o125)	&quot;a string&quot;

/* value types not checked and no error message */
(%i126)	listarray (arrayA4);
(%o126)	[&quot;a string&quot;,0,3.14159,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;As was the case with declared arrays, there is no type checking and no error messages associated with assigned values of the array based on the declared type. The declared array type simply determines initial fill values, if any.

Hashed arrays and Lisp hash tables have an operator in common:

&lt;code&gt;has_key&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;(A, L)&lt;/code&gt;

This expression has a a value of &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt;, if the hashed array or Lisp hash table &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; has the key (index) or keys (indices) of the list object &lt;code&gt;L&lt;/code&gt;.  Otherwise the expression has a value of &lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;.

The array &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; must be a hashed (undeclared) array, a Lisp hash table value returned by the &lt;code&gt;make_array&lt;/code&gt; operator, or created as an undeclared array with &lt;code&gt;use_fast_arrays&lt;/code&gt; assigned the value &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt;.

If array &lt;code&gt;A&lt;/code&gt; has only one key, that key must be the value of a list.&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i127)	arrayinfo (newRowsA3);
(%o127)	[hashed,1,[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],
                  [11],[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[z]]

(%i128)	has_key (newRowsA3, [z]);
(%o128)	true

(%i129)	has_key (newRowsA3, [3]);
(%o129)	true

(%i130)	has_key(newRowsA3, [0]);
(%o130)	false

(%i131)	lisp_Array_1 [x];
(%o131)	3*x^2

(%i132)	arrayinfo (lisp_Array_1);
(%o132)	[hash_table,1,x]

(%i133)	has_key (lisp_Array_1, [x]);
(%o133)	true

(%i134)	has_key (lisp_Array_1, [y]);
(%o134)	false
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Arrays and Features ===
Maxima arrays can be assigned features in a manner similar to other identifiers:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i135)	array (a6,fixnum, 5);
(%o135)	a6

(%i136)	arrayinfo (a6);
(%o136)	[complete,1,[5]]

(%i137)	declare (a6, [real, noninteger]);
(%o137)	done

(%i138)	featurep (a6, real);
(%o138)	true

(%i139)	featurep (a6, noninteger);
(%o139)	true

(%i140)	a6[2] : 2;
(a6[2])	2

(%i141)	listarray (a6);
(%o141)	[0,0,2,0,0,0]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;However, once again, declaring an array to have one or more features does not result in type checking of values assigned to an array. Perhaps the best way to ensure types of values assigned to arrays is type-checking of expressions using predicate operators prior to assignment to arrays. 

=== Array Memory Storage Considerations ===

The following from the Maxima Manual&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maxima Manual Section 7.5.1 - Functions and Variables for Arrays |url=https://maxima.sourceforge.io/docs/manual/Data-Types-and-Structures.html#Functions-and-Variables-for-Arrays}}&lt;/ref&gt; is quoted here for the purpose of establishing the context of that which follows:&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;Option variable: use_fast_arrays ¶''

''Default value: false''

''When use_fast_arrays is true, arrays declared by array are values instead of properties, and undeclared arrays (hashed arrays) are implemented as Lisp hashed arrays.''

''When use_fast_arrays is false, arrays declared by array are properties, and undeclared arrays are implemented with Maxima’s own hashed array implementation.''

''Note that the code use_fast_arrays switches to is not necessarily faster than the default one; Arrays created by make_array are not affected by use_fast_arrays.&quot;''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
This Maxima Manual entry requires some elaboration in order to have a sufficient understanding of the effect of the &lt;code&gt;'''use_fast_arrays'''&lt;/code&gt; &quot;flag&quot; – referred to as an &quot;Option Variable&quot; in the above quotation.

The first point to note is that the default value of this flag is &lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;. So, if users take no action to assign this flag to the value &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt;, then declared arrays created using the &lt;code&gt;array()&lt;/code&gt; operator  are treated as ''properties'' bound to a symbol, and behave in the manner previously described. Likewise, undeclared arrays are a Maxima array implementation, and behave as legacy property hash tables, and these also behave as previously described.

If action is taken to enter an expression that assigns the value &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to this flag, then Maxima treat arrays as standard Lisp ''values'' rather than object properties:&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;
(%i142)	use_fast_arrays;
(%o142)	false

(%i143)	array (A1,fixnum, 10);
(%o143)	A1

(%i144)	arrayinfo (A1);
(%o144)	[complete,1,[10]]

(%i145)	H1[1] : 1729;
(H1[1])	1729

(%i146)	arrayinfo (H1);
(%o146)	[hashed,1,[1]]

(%i147)	use_fast_arrays : true;
(use_fast_arrays)	true

(%i148)	array (A2, fixnum, 10);
(%o148)	\#\{Lisp array \[11\]\}

(%i149)	A2;
(%o149)	\#\{Lisp array \[11\]\}

(%i150)	H2[1] : 1729;
(H2[1])	1729

(%i151)	H2;
(%o151)	&quot;#&lt;HASH-TABLE :TEST EQUAL :COUNT 2 {1203AD15A3}&gt;&quot;

(%i152)	arrayinfo (H2);
(%o152)	[hash_table,1,1]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; The &lt;code&gt;use_fast_arrays&lt;/code&gt; flag has no effect on arrays created using the &lt;code&gt;make_array ()&lt;/code&gt; operator.

Note the following:

* Assigning &lt;code&gt;use_fast_arrays&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;: true&lt;/code&gt; does not speed up execution for all operations. It primarily optimizes memory footprint by minimizing cell allocations.  The main benefit is optimization of memory footprints and structural representation inside Lisp.
* If compiling Maxima expressions to native Lisp using the &lt;code&gt;translate&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;()&lt;/code&gt; operator, pair this flag with &lt;code&gt;translate_fast_arrays&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;: true&lt;/code&gt;. This flag instructs the translator to compile arrays as value-based.

=== Structures ===
Structures, although not an array data type is an aggregation data type.  By &quot;aggregation&quot; it is meant a data type that references other data types by reference to a name and some method of accessing individual values of instances of that aggregation by means of indices used to reference values individually.

Thus, as has been previously described for lists, hashed arrays, Lisp arrays, and declared arrays are all aggregation data types with syntactical means to refer to individual values of a named aggregation instance by way of indices, which are sometimes also referred to as subscripts or keys.

As examples:

* An existing '''list''' named &lt;code&gt;L1&lt;/code&gt; has values that can be accessed as &lt;code&gt;L1[1]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;L[2]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;L[3]&lt;/code&gt;, and so forth
* An existing '''hashed array''' with two indices (&quot;2D&quot;) named &lt;code&gt;ha&lt;/code&gt; has values that can accessed as &lt;code&gt;ha[1,1&lt;/code&gt;], &lt;code&gt;ha[1,2]&lt;/code&gt;,..., &lt;code&gt;ha[2,1]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;ha[2,2]&lt;/code&gt;, and  so forth.
* An existing '''declared array''' with three indices (&quot;3D&quot;) named &lt;code&gt;da&lt;/code&gt; has values that can be accessed as &lt;code&gt;da[1,1,1]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;da[1,1,2]&lt;/code&gt;,...,&lt;code&gt;da [2,1,1]&lt;/code&gt;, ..., &lt;code&gt;da[3,1,1]&lt;/code&gt;, and so forth.

What makes the Maxima structure data type different from these array data types is the form of definition used and the means of accessing values of an instance of this type of aggregation. The Maxima structure data type seems to be the closest type of data that resembles an object in some other general-purpose programming languages.

The structure type of data allows the creation of named entities with attributes, and named instances of those entities and the assignment of values to those attributes. Thus the Maxima structure data type is used to define custom, named composite data types that group related fields together under a single identifier. Structures enhance code organization and readability, especially when modeling real-world entities in symbolic computations. They are useful for managing complex data in programs involving algebraic manipulations, simulations, or data modeling.  

Structures are created using the &lt;code&gt;defstruct&lt;/code&gt; operator, which defines a template with named attributes. Once defined, instances of the structure are created using the &lt;code&gt;new&lt;/code&gt; operator, and attributes are accessed via the &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt; operator. 

So in the interest of taking advantage of this information, consider a well-defined set of people. The people of this set may have many diverse attributes that might be of interest - name, age ,and city of residence as examples. A class of people of the set of interest with these attributes can be defined as follows: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;maxima&quot;&gt;(%i153)	defstruct (person (name, age, city));
(%o153)	[person(name,age,city)]

(%i54) structures;
(%o154)                      [person(name, age, city)]

(%i155)	p : new (person (&quot;Alice&quot;, 30, &quot;New York&quot;));
(p)	person(name=&quot;Alice&quot;,age=30,city=&quot;New York&quot;)

(%i156)	p@name;
(%o156)	&quot;Alice&quot;

(%i157)	p@city;
(%o157)	&quot;New York&quot;

(%i158)	kill(p@city);
(%o158)	done

/* If the attribute a in x has not been assigned a value, or the value
   has been &quot;killed,&quot; then x@a evaluates to itself */

(%i159)	p@city;
(%o159)	p@city

(%i160)	p;
(%o160)	person(name=&quot;Alice&quot;,age=30,city)

(%i161)	p@city : &quot;Rochester&quot;;
(%o161)	&quot;Rochester&quot;

(%i162)	p;
(%o162)	person(name=&quot;Alice&quot;,age=30,city=&quot;Rochester&quot;)

(%i163) defstruct (sales(LastName, Sales , Country , Quarter) );
(%o163)             [sales(LastName, Sales, Country, Quarter)]

(%i164) structures;
(%o164) [person(name, age, city), sales(LastName, Sales, Country, Quarter)]

(%i165) s : new (sales (&quot;Smith&quot;,16753.00,&quot;UK&quot;,&quot;Qtr 3&quot;));
(%o165) sales(LastName=Smith, Sales=16753.0, Country=UK, Quarter=Qtr 3)

(%i166) s@Sales;
(%o166)                              16753.0

(%i167) s@Sales : 17375.0;
(%o167)                              17375.0

(%i168) s;
(%o168) sales(LastName=Smith, Sales=17375.0, Country=UK, Quarter=Qtr 3)&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;{{Bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>jpdzq5cgammj5i5a3zshsavg1l71d82</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/zoom</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>450368</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669124</id>
      <parentid>4346417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-06T18:20:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WereSpielChequers</username>
        <id>248949</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>typo</comment>
      <origin>4669124</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="298459" sha1="0uztos9yj65h55avcgtfflkthbl63u2" xml:space="preserve">Zoom is an example of [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D/transformation|plane transformation]] and is related with [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/plane#Description|plane description]]


=Applications=

Zoom can be used for making : 
* static images
** normal, flat ( non-transformed)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-zoom-in-on-a-point-using-scale-and-translate/ geeksforgeeks : how-to-zoom-in-on-a-point-using-scale-and-translate]&lt;/ref&gt;
** transformed : [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/exp|exponential images]]
*** [https://fractalforums.org/fractal-image-gallery/18/feigenbaum-stretch feigenbaum-stretch by Claude Heiland-Allen]
*** [https://mrob.com/pub/muency/exponentialmap.html Exponential map from the Mandelbrot Set Glossary and Encyclopedia, by Robert Munafo, (c) 1987-2018]
*** [http://mathr.co.uk/blog/2014-12-17_exponential_mapping_with_kalles_fraktaler.html Exponential mapping with Kalles Fraktaler by Claude Heiland-Allen]
* [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/3D|video]]
Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/exp

=Q&amp;A=
* [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55830855/how-to-adjust-panning-while-zooming  how-to-adjust-panning-while-zooming]
* How many iterations of the Mandelbrot set for an accurate picture at a certain zoom?
** [https://mrob.com/pub/muency/automaticdwelllimit.html  automatic dwell limit ( MuEncy) ]
 
=Notation=
If you want to zoom &lt;ref&gt;[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5686329/how-do-i-zoom-into-the-mandelbrot-set stackoverflow : how-do-i-zoom-into-the-mandelbrot-set]&lt;/ref&gt;
 baseSize // constant value =  extend in real and imaginary axis when zoomLevel is zero.
 zoomLevel // initial value = 0.0
 zoomFactor = 2^(-zoomLevel) // initial value = 1.0 = no zoom
 sizeX = zoomFactor * baseSize
 sizeY = zoomFactor * baseSize   
 minImaginary = centerY - sizeY/2
 maxImaginary = centerY + sizeY/2

Note that base of zoom factor is important when one wants to optimize zooming by using previously computed pixels.

Usually other notation is used :

 baseSize // constant value =  extend in real and imaginary axis when zoomLevel is zero.
 zoomLevel // initial value = 0.0
 zoomFactor = 10^zoomLevel // initial value = 1.0 = no zoom
 sizeX =  baseSize / zoomFactor
 sizeY = baseSize / zoomFactor   
 minImaginary = centerY - sizeY/2
 maxImaginary = centerY + sizeY/2

&quot; Some programs use a power of 2, others use scientific notation. &quot; Dinkydau&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/images-showcase-(rate-my-fractal)/baby-monster/ Fractal Forum &gt; Fractal Art &gt; Images Showcase (Rate My Fractal) &gt; Baby Monster]&lt;/ref&gt;

 magnification = 2^(6901.591) = 3.8539742140068607747447368372813E2077 = 3.8539742140068607747447368372813 *10^(2077)


See also
* [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/gfile#Parameter_files|parameter files]] 
* graphic files with parameters

=Pixel size =

Pixel size  definition:
* size of a pixel in a world coordinate. 
* pixel spacing:  &quot;px_spacing is the width of the image (in real coordinates) divided by the number of pixels in a row&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://mrob.com/pub/muency/exponentialmap.html Exponential Map by Robert P. Munafo, 2010 Dec 5. From the Mandelbrot Set Glossary and Encyclopedia, by Robert Munafo, (c) 1987-2020]&lt;/ref&gt;

Properities: 
* For linear scale and same resolution on both axes 
* &quot;Pixel spacing is no longer fixed when applying [[Fractals/Computer_graphic_techniques/2D/plane#Plane_transformations_or_Geometric_Image_Transformations|a conformal mapping with non-constant scaling]].&quot; &lt;ref&gt;[https://mathr.co.uk/blog/2013-12-16_stretching_cusps.html Stretching cusps by Claude Heiland-Allen]&lt;/ref&gt;

 iSize = iXmax - iXmin ; // width of image in pixels ( integer or screen ) coordinate ; pixels are numbered from iXmin to iXmax; image is rectangular
 fSize = CxMax-CxMin // width of image in world ( floating point ) coordinate
 PixelWidth = fWidth / iWidth
 PixelSize = PixelWidth //

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! n = Zoom exponent || mag = Zoom level &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cygnus-software.com/docs/html/Definitionzoomlevel.htm zoom level definition]&lt;/ref&gt; !! Image size in pixels = iSize !! Image size = fSize !! PixelSize !! Decimal digits !! Binary digits ( precision) !! radius=fSize/2 = 1/mag
|-
| -1 || 6.66666667e-01 || 1000 || 3 || 0.003 || || || 1.5
|-
| 0 || 1 = 10^0 = 1.0e0 || 1000 || 2.0 || 0.002|| || || 1.0
|-
| 1 || 10 = 10^1 =1.0e1|| 1000 || 0.2 || 0.0002|| || || 0.1
|-
| 2 || 100 = 10^2 = 1.0e2 || 1000 || 0.02 || 0.00002 ||5 || 17|| 0.01
|-
| 3 || 1000 = 10^3 = 1.0e3 || 1000 || 0.002 || 0.0000002||6 ||21 || 0.001
|-
|6 || 4.42685e+06 = 4.42685*10^6 || 1000 ||  || ||9 ||31 || 0.0000002259
|-
|275 || 2.1*10^{275} = 2.1E275&lt;ref&gt;[http://fractaljourney.blogspot.com/ Fractal Journey by ORSON WANG]&lt;/ref&gt; || 1000 || 1.42857142857143*10^{−275} || 1.42857142857143*10^{−278}|| 278||945||
|-
| 2167 ||1E2167 &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cygnus-software.com/docs/html/Zoomleveldiscussion.htm Zoom level discussion - Maximum zoom level supported by Fractal eXtreme ]&lt;/ref&gt; ||  || || || || ||
|-
| n (integer) ||10^n = 1.0en || iSize (integer) || fSize (float) || fSize/iSize||n+3 ||(int) 3.4*(n+3)|| 1/10^n
|}

=Maximal zoom =
Maximal zoom factor is :&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/movies-showcase-(rate-my-movie)/history-of-deep-zoom-records/ fractalforums : history-of-deep-zoom-records]&lt;/ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/movies-showcase-(rate-my-movie)/world-record-list-for-deepest-mandelbrot-set-zooms/?topicseen fractalforums : world-record-list-for-deepest-mandelbrot-set-zooms]
* 10^15&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nahee.com/spanky/www/fractint/deep_zoom.html  fractint deep_zoom]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 10^17 &lt;ref&gt;[http://fraktal.republika.pl/mandel_zoom.html zooming with exteded precision in Delphi]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 10^999 &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sSm53Q9Jws video Mandelbrot Zoom 999 on youtube by phaumann]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 10^1 500 &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nahee.com/spanky/www/fractint/dz.html DeepZooming with FractInt]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 10^2 286 &lt;ref&gt;[http://dinkydauset.deviantart.com/art/Glimpse-of-variety-531146796 Mandelbrot set detail Glimpse of variety by DinkydauSet]&lt;/ref&gt;
* e^10 000&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/e10000 e10000 by by Claude Heiland-Allen]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 4.69 e^100 062&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/kalles-fraktaler-gallery/6-digit-exponent/?topicseen fractalforums:  kalles-fraktaler-gallery/6-digit-exponent]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Maximal zoom''' is correlated with :
* [[Fractals/Mathematics/Numerical|precision]] of number types used for calulations ( single , double, Quadruple precision,  multiple-precision (MP) )&lt;ref&gt;[[:w:wiki/Talk:Floating_point/Archive_4#No_mention_of_Double-double  No_mention_of_Double-double - talk]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9087424/mandelbrot-set-reaches-to-its-limit-way-too-soon stackoverflow : mandelbrot-set-reaches-to-its-limit-way-too-soon]&lt;/ref&gt;
**  manipulating numbers below &lt;math&gt;10^{-308}&lt;/math&gt; in double format shall be avoided.&lt;ref&gt;[https://gbillotey.github.io/Fractalshades-doc/math.html Fractalshades-doc : math]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* algorithm

==Examples ==
* zoom factor for video &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/help-and-support/problem-with-zooming-transform-one-view-rect-to-another/ fractalforums : problem with zooming transform one view rect-to another]&lt;/ref&gt;
* zoom factor &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/programming/basic-location-and-zoom-question/ fractalforums  &quot;basic-location-and-zoom-question]&lt;/ref&gt;

6 digit exponent kfr file : 
&lt;pre&gt;
Re: -1.96999999999999999999999950000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004444444444444444250000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000088888888888888884999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999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Rotate: 0.000000
Ratio: 360.000000
Colors: 18,222,214,246,246,246,41,13,43,9,7,9,232,45,28,246,246,246,29,35,214,9,8,9,224,31,238,247,246,251,228,213,241,9,9,9,243,210,45,246,246,246,25,216,31,9,9,9,238,34,246,247,246,252,212,43,240,9,9,9,225,222,36,246,246,246,218,25,244,9,3,9,15,8,9,246,244,244,218,14,13,9,8,3,247,214,17,246,246,246,37,22,239,9,6,9,44,30,25,246,246,246,221,228,236,8,9,9,9,210,213,244,246,247,18,222,241,3,8,11,12,1,254,246,246,250,218,246,224,9,9,9,231,15,17,250,246,246,240,234,208,10,9,9,242,34,210,252,246,246,246,236,14,10,9,3,238,45,14,249,247,246,225,246,247,9,10,10,217,227,229,246,246,248,22,11,230,7,7,9,34,209,10,246,246,245,37,236,26,9,9,5,219,213,16,246,246,244,3,45,14,7,9,6,214,214,37,246,246,246,224,13,214,9,9,9,246,224,24,246,246,246,3,31,227,0,9,9,2,37,37,243,246,246,12,24,233,4,9,9,24,229,9,246,247,244,34,225,18,9,9,5,224,5,27,249,246,246,241,41,45,9,9,9,32,246,245,246,246,250,25,37,230,9,9,9,226,34,238,246,246,251,23,246,238,9,9,9,238,2,47,250,245,246,237,38,15,9,9,9,9,220,233,246,247,246,235,235,31,9,9,5,20,208,15,246,246,246,28,219,31,9,9,4,218,36,8,246,246,246,45,33,242,9,7,9,222,23,35,246,246,246,22,232,243,9,9,9,210,39,45,246,246,246,24,41,20,9,9,9,241,246,227,246,248,246,19,48,215,9,9,9,219,29,241,246,246,246,213,224,45,9,9,9,45,208,232,246,247,250,221,240,241,9,11,9,37,246,3,246,246,243,229,13,9,9,9,6,7,240,44,243,253,246,9,255,9,9,9,2,236,37,15,249,246,246,229,232,237,9,9,9,18,230,213,245,246,246,22,5,45,9,9,9,242,254,218,246,254,246,14,246,23,2,9,9,12,31,214,246,246,249,232,21,248,10,9,11,250,231,241,246,246,246,28,30,27,5,5,9,19,15,228,246,246,246,30,41,219,9,9,9,229,249,215,251,249,249,246,219,246,11,9,9,244,41,26,246,246,246,24,235,236,4,10,9,11,252,7,246,247,246,246,43,237,9,9,9,8,214,0,245,246,245,27,218,30,9,9,9,214,41,236,246,246,251,13,18,240,2,9,9,9,234,17,243,246,246,7,210,239,9,9,10,240,44,235,247,246,247,212,33,218,9,7,9,237,24,31,250,246,246,238,246,246,9,9,9,210,47,27,246,246,246,19,22,45,8,3,9,210,9,238,247,246,248,242,224,221,9,10,9,18,252,28,246,249,246,37,210,39,9,8,9,230,13,30,246,244,245,216,4,5,9,7,6,221,210,45,246,246,246,9,218,224,1,9,9,9,41,36,244,246,246,19,224,45,9,9,9,219,28,239,247,246,246,232,216,13,9,9,9,213,38,233,246,246,246,212,39,212,9,9,7,42,48,9,246,248,245,35,248,29,9,11,9,236,251,228,246,248,250,40,210,244,5,9,10,9,43,229,246,246,246,213,45,28,8,7,7,10,12,30,246,246,246,217,246,210,9,9,9,37,45,23,245,246,246,6,6,45,9,6,9,225,44,37,247,246,246,228,24,27,9,8,9,244,43,45,248,246,246,216,13,220,9,7,9,230,45,218,246,246,246,4,23,210,5,5,9,37,24,24,246,246,246,228,26,33,10,9,9,255,210,228,247,246,246,41,45,19,9,9,8,246,223,43,246,249,246,25,243,46,3,9,7,9,210,15,246,246,244,249,28,3,9,9,9,31,219,246,246,246,246,37,34,30,9,9,9,234,41,219,246,246,250,41,245,252,9,9,9,210,37,35,247,246,246,245,18,31,9,8,9,9,210,210,243,248,246,9,246,11,6,9,4,209,20,29,246,246,246,228,224,232,9,9,10,210,37,241,246,246,246,234,242,31,9,9,9,30,23,230,246,246,246,46,229,25,9,9,4,245,212,14,249,246,246,221,29,238,9,9,9,25,216,233,246,247,246,227,237,45,9,9,9,41,16,231,246,246,246,
Smooth: 0
MultiColor: 0
BlendMC: 0
MultiColors: 17	0	1,7	0	0,2	0	0,-100	0	2,5	0	0,-100	0	2,
Power: 2
FractalType: 0
Slopes: 1
SlopePower: 1500
SlopeRatio: 50
SlopeAngle: 45
imag: 1
real: 1
SeedR: 0
SeedI: 0
FactorAR: 1
FactorAI: 0
&lt;/pre&gt;

=Optimisation=
* optimisation &lt;ref&gt;[http://mathr.co.uk/blog/2010-08-31_optimizing_zoom_animations.html optimizing_zoom_animations by Claude Heiland-Allen]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Fractals/perturbation|perturbation technique]]
* zoom optimization from [[Fractals/xaos|Xaos]] by Jan Hubicka

=Precision=
What [[Fractals/Mathematics/Numerical|precision]] do I need for zoom ?&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/help-and-support/about-precision-of-doubles/?topicseen fractalforums about-precision-of-doubles]&lt;/ref&gt;
* -log2(pixel_size) = precision in bits
*  prec = 53 - log2(view_radius)) &lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-mathematics-and-new-theories/28/single-precision-is-not-enough-for-bilinear-approximation/5169/msg38204 fractalforums.org : single-precision-is-not-enough-for-bilinear-approximation]&lt;/ref&gt;
* it also depends on algorithm used to make an image
* &quot;the distance between two adjacent points on the ray is calculated with at least 4 significant bits.&quot;
* &quot;Floating point number precision loses accuracy at approximately 1e15, distorted images occur.&quot; Microfractal&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-image-gallery/18/metallic/5143/msg37824 fractalforums.org : metallica]&lt;/ref&gt;
* manipulating numbers below &lt;math&gt;10^{-308}&lt;/math&gt; in double format shall be avoided.&lt;ref&gt;[https://gbillotey.github.io/Fractalshades-doc/math.html Fractalshades-doc : math]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* for deeper zoom use 
** [[Fractals/perturbation|perturbation technique]]
** [https://fractalforums.org/fractal-mathematics-and-new-theories/28/reference-compression/5142 reference complression algorithm]


&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=c&gt;
/*
  gcc -Wall  p.c -lm 
  ./a.out

What precision do I need for zoom ?

based on the code from :
 git clone http://code.mathr.co.uk/book.git
unnamed c program by Claude Heiland-Allen

*/

#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
#include &lt;math.h&gt; // log2l

int PrintInfo(int pixel_spacing_bits)
{
  
  if (pixel_spacing_bits &lt;= 40) { printf(&quot;use float \n&quot;); return 0;}
  if (pixel_spacing_bits &gt; 60)  
      {printf(&quot;use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR \n&quot;);
      return 0; }
  
  if (pixel_spacing_bits &gt; 50)   
       {printf(&quot;use long double \n&quot;);
        return 0; }

  if (pixel_spacing_bits &gt; 40)  
       printf(&quot;use double \n&quot;);
  
 return 0;
}

int main() {
  
  // int iWidth = 1000;
  int iHeight = 1000;
  long double lRadius = 1.5;
  long double lPixelSpacing ; // = pixel size 
  int iPixelSpacingBits ;  // precision in binary digits or bits 
  long double lMagnification;
  int i;

  
  for ( i = 1; i &lt; 100; ++i)
  {

  lMagnification = 1.0/lRadius; 
  lPixelSpacing = lRadius / (iHeight / 2.0); // = pixel size 
  iPixelSpacingBits = -log2l( lPixelSpacing); // 
  printf(&quot;Magnification = %12Le ; radius = %12Le ; PixelSpacing = %12Le ; PixelSpacingBits = %d &quot;, lMagnification, lRadius, lPixelSpacing, iPixelSpacingBits);
  PrintInfo(iPixelSpacingBits) ;
  // zoom = decrease radius 
  lRadius /=2.0;

  }

 return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

And result is :

&lt;pre&gt;
Magnification = 6.666667e-01 ; radius = 1.500000e+00 ; PixelSpacing = 3.000000e-03 ; PixelSpacingBits = 8 use float 
Magnification = 1.333333e+00 ; radius = 7.500000e-01 ; PixelSpacing = 1.500000e-03 ; PixelSpacingBits = 9 use float 
Magnification = 2.666667e+00 ; radius = 3.750000e-01 ; PixelSpacing = 7.500000e-04 ; PixelSpacingBits = 10 use float 
Magnification = 5.333333e+00 ; radius = 1.875000e-01 ; PixelSpacing = 3.750000e-04 ; PixelSpacingBits = 11 use float 
Magnification = 1.066667e+01 ; radius = 9.375000e-02 ; PixelSpacing = 1.875000e-04 ; PixelSpacingBits = 12 use float 
...
Magnification = 7.158279e+08 ; radius = 1.396984e-09 ; PixelSpacing = 2.793968e-12 ; PixelSpacingBits = 38 use float 
Magnification = 1.431656e+09 ; radius = 6.984919e-10 ; PixelSpacing = 1.396984e-12 ; PixelSpacingBits = 39 use float 
Magnification = 2.863312e+09 ; radius = 3.492460e-10 ; PixelSpacing = 6.984919e-13 ; PixelSpacingBits = 40 use float 
Magnification = 5.726623e+09 ; radius = 1.746230e-10 ; PixelSpacing = 3.492460e-13 ; PixelSpacingBits = 41 use double 
Magnification = 1.145325e+10 ; radius = 8.731149e-11 ; PixelSpacing = 1.746230e-13 ; PixelSpacingBits = 42 use double 
Magnification = 2.290649e+10 ; radius = 4.365575e-11 ; PixelSpacing = 8.731149e-14 ; PixelSpacingBits = 43 use double 
Magnification = 4.581298e+10 ; radius = 2.182787e-11 ; PixelSpacing = 4.365575e-14 ; PixelSpacingBits = 44 use double 
Magnification = 9.162597e+10 ; radius = 1.091394e-11 ; PixelSpacing = 2.182787e-14 ; PixelSpacingBits = 45 use double 
Magnification = 1.832519e+11 ; radius = 5.456968e-12 ; PixelSpacing = 1.091394e-14 ; PixelSpacingBits = 46 use double 
Magnification = 3.665039e+11 ; radius = 2.728484e-12 ; PixelSpacing = 5.456968e-15 ; PixelSpacingBits = 47 use double 
Magnification = 7.330078e+11 ; radius = 1.364242e-12 ; PixelSpacing = 2.728484e-15 ; PixelSpacingBits = 48 use double 
Magnification = 1.466016e+12 ; radius = 6.821210e-13 ; PixelSpacing = 1.364242e-15 ; PixelSpacingBits = 49 use double 
Magnification = 2.932031e+12 ; radius = 3.410605e-13 ; PixelSpacing = 6.821210e-16 ; PixelSpacingBits = 50 use double 
Magnification = 5.864062e+12 ; radius = 1.705303e-13 ; PixelSpacing = 3.410605e-16 ; PixelSpacingBits = 51 use long double 
Magnification = 1.172812e+13 ; radius = 8.526513e-14 ; PixelSpacing = 1.705303e-16 ; PixelSpacingBits = 52 use long double 
Magnification = 2.345625e+13 ; radius = 4.263256e-14 ; PixelSpacing = 8.526513e-17 ; PixelSpacingBits = 53 use long double 
Magnification = 4.691250e+13 ; radius = 2.131628e-14 ; PixelSpacing = 4.263256e-17 ; PixelSpacingBits = 54 use long double 
Magnification = 9.382499e+13 ; radius = 1.065814e-14 ; PixelSpacing = 2.131628e-17 ; PixelSpacingBits = 55 use long double 
Magnification = 1.876500e+14 ; radius = 5.329071e-15 ; PixelSpacing = 1.065814e-17 ; PixelSpacingBits = 56 use long double 
Magnification = 3.753000e+14 ; radius = 2.664535e-15 ; PixelSpacing = 5.329071e-18 ; PixelSpacingBits = 57 use long double 
Magnification = 7.505999e+14 ; radius = 1.332268e-15 ; PixelSpacing = 2.664535e-18 ; PixelSpacingBits = 58 use long double 
Magnification = 1.501200e+15 ; radius = 6.661338e-16 ; PixelSpacing = 1.332268e-18 ; PixelSpacingBits = 59 use long double 
Magnification = 3.002400e+15 ; radius = 3.330669e-16 ; PixelSpacing = 6.661338e-19 ; PixelSpacingBits = 60 use long double 
Magnification = 6.004800e+15 ; radius = 1.665335e-16 ; PixelSpacing = 3.330669e-19 ; PixelSpacingBits = 61 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 1.200960e+16 ; radius = 8.326673e-17 ; PixelSpacing = 1.665335e-19 ; PixelSpacingBits = 62 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 2.401920e+16 ; radius = 4.163336e-17 ; PixelSpacing = 8.326673e-20 ; PixelSpacingBits = 63 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 4.803840e+16 ; radius = 2.081668e-17 ; PixelSpacing = 4.163336e-20 ; PixelSpacingBits = 64 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 9.607679e+16 ; radius = 1.040834e-17 ; PixelSpacing = 2.081668e-20 ; PixelSpacingBits = 65 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 1.921536e+17 ; radius = 5.204170e-18 ; PixelSpacing = 1.040834e-20 ; PixelSpacingBits = 66 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 3.843072e+17 ; radius = 2.602085e-18 ; PixelSpacing = 5.204170e-21 ; PixelSpacingBits = 67 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 7.686143e+17 ; radius = 1.301043e-18 ; PixelSpacing = 2.602085e-21 ; PixelSpacingBits = 68 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 1.537229e+18 ; radius = 6.505213e-19 ; PixelSpacing = 1.301043e-21 ; PixelSpacingBits = 69 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 3.074457e+18 ; radius = 3.252607e-19 ; PixelSpacing = 6.505213e-22 ; PixelSpacingBits = 70 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 6.148915e+18 ; radius = 1.626303e-19 ; PixelSpacing = 3.252607e-22 ; PixelSpacingBits = 71 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 1.229783e+19 ; radius = 8.131516e-20 ; PixelSpacing = 1.626303e-22 ; PixelSpacingBits = 72 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
Magnification = 2.459566e+19 ; radius = 4.065758e-20 ; PixelSpacing = 8.131516e-23 ; PixelSpacingBits = 73 use arbitrary precision number, like MPFR 
 
&lt;/pre&gt;

=Zoom types=
* manual/automatic
* discrete (steps) / continous


==autozoom==
* [https://fractalforums.org/fractal-mathematics-and-new-theories/28/various-autozoom-functions/1098 fractalforums.org: various-autozoom-functions]

==continous zoom==

&lt;gallery&gt;
Mandelbrot_sequence_new.gif| Mandelbrot zoom with center at (-0.743643887037158704752191506114774, 0.131825904205311970493132056385139) and magnification 1 .. 3.18 × 1031 using double-double precision 
Mandelbrot zoom.gif|Self-similarity in the Mandelbrot set shown by zooming in. The display center pans from −1,0 to −1.31 while the view magnifies from 0.5&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;0.5 to 0.12&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;0.12 to approximate the Feigenbaum ratio
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== discrete zoom ==
discrete zoom
*notation
** sequence of:  plane description ( text ) or images with rectangle ( graphic documentation)
** continous:
** composition of zoom and translation or Poincaré half-plane metric&lt;ref&gt;[https://mathr.co.uk/blog/2011-12-26%20poincare%20half-plane%20metric%20for%20zoom%20animation.html poincare half-plane metric for zoom animation by 	Claude Heiland-Allen]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery&gt;
Blue Mandelbrot Zoom.jpg|A zoom sequence of the Mandelbrot set
Fractal Mandelbrot.JPG
Iterative zoom into fractal pattern generated by four coupled quadratic maps.jpg|Iterative zoom into fractal pattern generated by four coupled quadratic maps
&lt;/gallery&gt;


Mandelbrot set: initial image of a zoom sequence with a frame indicating the position of the next image. Image of a sequence as appendix to the frameless main image sequence. For image parameters see corresponding main image.


Corresponding frameless main image sequence: [[:Image:mandel zoom 00 mandelbrot set.jpg| Initial image]] / zoom step [[:Image:mandel zoom 01 head and shoulder.jpg|1]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 02 seehorse valley.jpg|2]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 03 seehorse.jpg|3]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 04 seehorse tail.jpg|4]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 05 tail part.jpg|5]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 06 double hook.jpg|6]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 07 satellite.jpg|7]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 08 satellite antenna.jpg|8]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 09 satellite head and shoulder.jpg|9]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 10 satellite seehorse valley.jpg|10]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 11 satellite double spiral.jpg|11]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 12 satellite spirally wheel with julia islands.jpg|12]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 13 satellite seehorse tail with julia island.jpg|13]] [[:Image:mandel zoom 14 satellite julia island.jpg|14]].

To the [[:Image:mandel zoom 01 to 02.png|next]] image of the zoom sequence with frames.

The whole image sequence with frames:

{| border=0 
|-
|[[Image: mandel zoom 00 to 01.png|110px|thumb|left|Start to 1]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 01 to 02.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 1 to 2]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 02 to 03.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 2 to 3]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 03 to 04.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 3 to 4]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 04 to 05.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 4 to 5]]
|-
|[[Image: mandel zoom 05 to 06.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 5 to 6]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 06 to 07.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 6 to 7]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 07 to 08.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 7 to 8]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 08 to 09.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 8 to 9]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 09 to 10.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 9 to 10]]
|-
|[[Image: mandel zoom 10 to 11.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 10 to 11]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 11 to 12.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 11 to 12]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 12 to 13.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 12 to 13]]
|[[Image: mandel zoom 13 to 14.png|110px|thumb|left|Step 13 to 14]]
|
|}

=Zoom examples=
==deep zoom==
Baby Monster by DinkydauSet:&lt;ref&gt;[http://dinkydauset.deviantart.com/art/Baby-Monster-498314232 Baby Monster by DinkydauSet]&lt;/ref&gt; zoom into parameter plane of complex quadratic polynomial :

 program : mandel machine x one week ( 4000x3000 ) 
 algorithm : escape time 
 precision = 7000
 magnification = 2^(6901.591) = 3.8539742140068607747447368372813E2077 = 3.8539742140068607747447368372813 *10^(2077)
 centerRe =      0.4026223242141852148037824724584025835755135011342881027042525627039569502881670946745557412930327115393258794913548834454537746442641230778661250740808696667685167031459830818673342528174897920124209545137508922550549968221550363823064128549715028301461622593069839496780093952808237573205197164572673594064416772605893796305663235635527880132594672201779519565231079208219169990178251347386228988056919160862667394171741551928464324300754658056232719271701044207283382298845257395452425798232763791743779314353854383722879333193167946859425243707261854429090471722384741345982162350257163211439072535377347476863063971161548476045589432821456788895124531684440296396587503362225268140306547818930627963692042601813606866625158984034539104729252270036522838631376204929633117350514392534098621950298874921561848480721715466716034612641357006597673782157926191463771077735121499521415799630479650549024192802530771425233126786755033877940979179549256821540572419329726522803422394291516882903607750877675838298417678464016201757067174161515701977269714418733430534088597594663546370996913330820306039197466323342547246232849027813752870111841998012412400077840383443533115591420661427063968799614034835064533287768378088050419077884398682152379426978057892246066882890819414748458464211672718229513050617638747371353729091501912075437789263019440768014217748069621815249161576890441895414789868155359854876653884160567578413850597585526839599148529091786964892859271522516203113708568784835766360055829328924133199024188688844937378174198793904588311188393798698747503071556711010350663949412136302614381521786902283300674108990630100130448100638953468850976478379826240732566854132975350164428623726436941877225968956042433264823693750422381553726384657388053048021285450658976425595261910844568695172761539871359485880883688256972852102360571149799163601150837375544386512748326612079156006358192675222805435405708616040869538348696626733367203267216061599286266159729225868003852298996109238906739358339973449675179531666048724844664052031271387710787740075700568712301627930122446
 centerIm = 0.3414661267010330639258781735300664742792277354243426548082347808924808079842063432641337745084491842274928006043526205335660078979452366866756969329129441667312564036874357179068281915055443525509599130331320610821012236201307641349065669509178006415633193858304674801753225345910395424302568889690765898697389344506716385444532416760848755811454604769082865518885687677043988923482755514450647501464529277548626228211775326421789838725360483456061933115401603120908257520719931828418717929225819541974242262149693721546436344398096633938554552017842417617179797586236724871081452420464280333125369667508863083941830427529275353658367633700463591140837752713130326658698539827580385561537043307893113743040288109423825683661313727523597674848484087312515923976610370831729746783850452751041682640731573001319728478688445020726240850018852640901126812894024112093280413500010748891409049642255971933031658182432137372842717466247939807168712399315317154441773203170047657667231871264210848409477591021867775954396341273647285869183323193925375356957738345603739082474205799801007250041854109282041356811030974599202640896266028843535401330225609771341865327032085135831902603640939226040984911910075236054433300263457714999659548633581618107640012502951867204419221851370812448359108387310012121047998792211175821507898822472067545566323088233165752919891462234618228444539224969139541397976528218516885487556195557179718372941445119064646137527396209369577296787387634243210140885928439211898265659865402840837723799792668419799443445421585714176943014398043568698898179253868782669987422851258992794036747294932260334459254264688360704250224826019403156200812024463700689508527620855762445523530566725311570637375162222843632726633580544365800704348649164263654725083759306974477081672768736376743801103735815276810809861222374937053298147754358060737309317498277835724639189151138998429279826787118135717747963875281826078928680133524179137446312206008103340479076493412664529374765456320670666843471865606806283972354009907403302001818229385746724505497627613149001435837120422584
 iterationMax = 35 000 000

	
Cross Hair by Claude Heiland-Allen .&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/kalles-fraktaler-gallery/cross-hair/?topicseen Cross Hair by Claude Heiland-Allen]&lt;/ref&gt; Below is the content of kfr file ( parameter for Kalles Fraktaler )&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.chillheimer.de/kallesfraktaler/ Kalles Fraktaler 2 by Karl Runmo]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Re: -1.94156695046089411519723545042405785041614289882129276726563682132425517088701591901639765783026799492137462058533435865811646793455507945
Im: -0.00017301617109765913618843129805085094212526763902256359889382674446838992551267030035919209576862092841923454016429306276671035659004195
Zoom: 3.15216049570E116
Iterations: 203416
IterDiv: 1.000000
SmoothMethod: 0
ColorMethod: 0
ColorOffset: 0
Rotate: 0.000000
Ratio: 360
Colors: 0,0,0,41,35,190,132,225,108,214,174,82,144,73,241,241,187,233,235,179,166,219,60,135,12,62,153,36,94,13,28,6,183,71,222,179,18,77,200,67,187,139,166,31,3,90,125,9,56,37,31,93,212,203,252,150,245,69,59,19,13,137,10,28,219,174,50,32,154,80,238,64,120,54,253,18,73,50,246,158,125,73,220,173,79,20,242,68,64,102,208,107,196,48,183,50,59,161,34,246,34,145,157,225,139,31,218,176,202,153,2,185,114,157,73,44,128,126,197,153,213,233,128,178,234,201,204,83,191,103,214,191,20,214,126,45,220,142,102,131,239,87,73,97,255,105,143,97,205,209,30,157,156,22,114,114,230,29,240,132,79,74,119,2,215,232,57,44,83,203,201,18,30,51,116,158,12,244,213,212,159,212,164,89,126,53,207,50,34,244,204,207,211,144,45,72,211,143,117,230,217,29,42,229,192,247,43,120,129,135,68,14,95,80,0,212,97,141,190,123,5,21,7,59,51,130,31,24,112,146,218,100,84,206,177,133,62,105,21,248,70,106,4,150,115,14,217,22,47,103,104,212,247,74,74,208,87,104,118,250,22,187,17,173,174,36,136,121,254,82,219,37,67,229,60,244,69,211,216,40,206,11,245,197,96,89,61,151,39,138,89,118,45,208,194,201,205,104,212,73,106,121,37,8,97,64,20,177,59,106,165,17,40,193,140,214,169,11,135,151,140,47,241,21,29,154,149,193,155,225,192,126,233,168,154,167,134,194,181,84,191,154,231,217,35,209,85,144,56,40,209,217,108,161,102,94,78,225,48,156,254,217,113,159,226,165,226,12,155,180,71,101,56,42,70,137,169,130,121,122,118,120,194,99,
Smooth: 1
MultiColor: 0
BlendMC: 0
MultiColors: 
Power: 2
FractalType: 0
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
# example by Dinkydau : http://www.fractalforums.com/announcements-and-news/superfractalthing-arbitrary-precision-mandelbrot-set-rendering-in-java/
Re = -1.479,946,223,325,078,880,202,580,653,442,563,833,590,828,874,828,533,272,328,919,467,504,501,428,041,551,458,102,123,157,715,213,651,035,545,943,542,078,167,348,953,885,787,341,902,612,509,986,72
Im = 0.000,901,397,329,020,353,980,197,791,866,197,173,566,251,566,818,045,102,411,067,630,386,488,692,287,189,049,145,621,584,436,026,934,218,763,527,577,290,631,809,454,796,618,110,767,424,580,322,79
Magnification = 2^471 = 6.0971651373359223269171820894398 E141
&lt;/pre&gt;

List :
* [http://math.hws.edu/xJava/MB/MandelbrotSettings/index.html Mandelbrot Examples by David Eck ( corners )]
* [http://mathr.co.uk/mandelbrot/2015-06-12_perturbator_deep_zoom_stress_test/  perturbator_deep_zoom_stress_test by Claude Heiland-Allen	]
* [https://mathr.co.uk/web/millionaires.html  Millionaires: an occasional series of Mandelbrot set deep zooms with central period just over a million by Claude Heiland-Allen	]

==shallow==

shallow locations with high iteration counts by Claude Heiland-Allen&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/fractal-mathematics-and-new-theories/28/challenging-locations-for-current-acceleration-methods/5213/msg38386#new fractalforums.org : challenging-locations-for-current-acceleration-methods]&lt;/ref&gt;
* Re: 3.56992006738525396399695724115347205e-01
* Im: 6.91411005282446050826514373514151521e-02
* Zoom: 1e19 so it needs arbitrary precision numbers ( like MPFR) with  72 binary bits when using simple method ( without perturbation)
* Period: 1000000
* Iterations: 1100100100
* it is a dense set
* The angled internal address of the mini in the middle is (morally, if not factually) something like 1 1/9 10 2/9 100 4/9 1000 5/9 10000 7/9 100000 8/9 1000000, so the external angles could be computed relatively easily I suppose.

=References=
&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    <title>User talk:Xeverything11/updates</title>
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      <text bytes="1151219" sha1="3ntvamq3ynavnmj01wpb717lq7ty51h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{User:Xeverything11/tabs}}

{{User:Xeverything11/header|Welcome to|Xeverything11's|updates talk page!|archives=
* [[User talk:Xeverything11/archives/2022|2022]]
* [[User talk:Xeverything11/archives/2023|2023]]
}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. 

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* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433]
* Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as &quot;What links here&quot; in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692]
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins=…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:21, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides &quot;last mile&quot; delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:26, 13 February 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-07 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site.  You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:49, 14 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24540832 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:18, 20 February 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-08 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
*The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February.

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:58, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24570514 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:04, 27 February 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-09 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24634242 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:47, 6 March 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-10 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023.
* On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 6 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24676916 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:21, 13 March 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-11 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:20, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24700189 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:31, 20 March 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-12 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:26, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24732558 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]])        ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:39, 27 March 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-13 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:14, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24780854 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-14 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:40, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24820268 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-15 {{User:Xeverything11/tags/updates}} ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 10 April 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24851886 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:06, 17 April 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=24872966 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:55, 18 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 24 April 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:04, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24933592 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland.

Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States.

She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:24, 1 May 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:45, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:37, 8 May 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:36, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:17, 15 May 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;

16:55, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25028325 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:46, 29 May 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:04, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25079963 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, 5 June 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:52, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25114640 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date &quot;remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:07, 12 June 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:52, 12 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25133779 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:09, 19 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25159510 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:18, 26 June 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 3 July 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:51, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25231546 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:54, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25278797 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:14, 17 July 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25289122 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:21, 24 July 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:20, 25 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25332248 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:48, 31 July 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25362228 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.&amp; R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:14, 7 August 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25420038 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:&quot;Doings in Pittsburg Society&quot; The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:51, 14 August 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 06:00, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25428668 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Insektengift]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:32, 21 August 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;

15:25, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:16, 28 August 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:00, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25510866 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 4 September 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:34, 4 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25566983 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:49, 11 September 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:08, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:38, 18 September 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:20, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25655264 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:27, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25686930 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25712895 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 16 October 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=25693965 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25745824 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:50, 23 October 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=25693965 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:17, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25782286 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christiaan Hendrik &quot;Hein&quot; Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:09, 30 October 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=25797248 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25801989 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:06, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25838105 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:40, 8 November 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''&quot; (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called &quot;Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe&quot; (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn &quot;Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika&quot; into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 13 November 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25859263 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur.

The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means &quot;gathering, meeting of a group&quot; and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 04:07, 20 November 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:55, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:44, 27 November 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:34, 4 December 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25914435 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:26, 11 December 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:13, 12 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:05, 18 December 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2023-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 18 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 25 December 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-02 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:20, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:11, 15 January 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:02, 22 January 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:04, 23 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:03, 29 January 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:23, 5 February 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:22, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 07:00, 12 February 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:49, 13 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the &quot;'''grave with the little hands'''&quot; is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 13:24, 19 February 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:37, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:30, 26 February 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called &quot;The Black Patti&quot; in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:33, 4 March 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26329807 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an &quot;anti-coup&quot; or a &quot;counter-coup&quot; (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:52, 18 March 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:40, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26410165 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:00, 25 March 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:57, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:15, 1 April 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:47, 8 April 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:38, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:53, 15 April 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:35, 22 April 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26647188 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&amp;#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:32, 29 April 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:34, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26689057 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:27, 6 May 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:45, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26729363 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:39, 13 May 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Turlough]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:31, 20 May 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26786311 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:48, 27 May 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26832205 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:14, 3 June 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:29, 17 June 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:49, 17 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates &amp; immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 04:03, 24 June 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Tech News: 2024-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:33, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called &quot;machine grounds&quot;. Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:44, 1 July 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27038456 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 8 July 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:32, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27080357 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:15, 15 July 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:56, 22 July 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 23 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&amp;#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:44, 29 July 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:11, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 5 August 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:44, 5 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 12 August 2024 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Tech News: 2024-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 12 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class.

The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies.

Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:56, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:54, 20 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:19, 26 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:34, 26 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:08, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:42, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:03, 17 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:29, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27493779 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:57, 30 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:21, 30 September 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27530062 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:43, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27557422 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as &quot;little Danes&quot;. While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:16, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27597254 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:38, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:53, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27634672 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:05, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=27647428 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:57, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27668811 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:16, 4 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:51, 4 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27693917 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:09, 11 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=27708700 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:08, 12 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27732268 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:53, 18 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=27735014 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:01, 19 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27806858 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:57, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=27846897 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27847039 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:48, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:23, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27873992 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:59, 9 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:16, 9 December 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27919424 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:44, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=27933909 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:25, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:55, 23 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:37, 30 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of &quot;national security&quot;. The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:56, 6 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Julemerke]])&amp;#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 13 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:42, 14 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&amp;#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:20, 20 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:37, 21 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam (&quot;Great Leader&quot;). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:30, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:15, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:20, 3 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:09, 4 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 10 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 11 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer &quot;Yes&quot; or &quot;No&quot; to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:21, 17 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 17 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative &quot;informal and ad-hoc group&quot; in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:23, 24 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:42, 25 February 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28296129 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:49, 3 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:31, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28334563 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:50, 10 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:10, 10 March 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28372257 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive.

Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of &quot;immense artistic value&quot; by Le Monde. It has also been described as the &quot;Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema&quot; by The Guardian. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:57, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28412594 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:59, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28433698 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:43, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28443127 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:52, 31 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:06, 1 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28473566 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:54, 7 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28454663 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 7 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28507470 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:27, 14 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28454663 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:25, 15 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28540654 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&amp;#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:23, 21 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:01, 21 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28578245 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:57, 28 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 28 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28585685 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 07:28, 5 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28583422 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 6 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28665011 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:28, 12 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28709947 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:38, 12 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28714188 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:33, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28731710 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:13, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28724712 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Tread plate]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato.

We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 06:03, 26 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28751788 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 26 May 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28788673 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 05:39, 2 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28819186 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:33, 9 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:17, 10 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28846858 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Future self]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 16 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28788623 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:39, 16 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28870688 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:18, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28788623 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the &quot;Add a Link&quot; Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28870688 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:05, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599]
* Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's &quot;Find in page&quot; function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special &quot;favourite list&quot;. The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:41, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28917415 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:10, 7 July 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]].
* Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22]
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]].
* Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]].
* It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of &quot;Connecting People through Linked Open Data&quot;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:06, 8 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28930584 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 13:44, 14 July 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the &quot;featured&quot; tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now!
* [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:10, 14 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28980963 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:28, 21 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=28984647 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the &quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=fi#/ ... More]&quot; category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new &quot;{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}&quot; filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257]
* Administrators can now limit &quot;Add a Link&quot; to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|&quot;Add a Link&quot;]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test &amp; &quot;Add a Link&quot; Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 &amp; 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmflabs.org&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmcloud.org&lt;/code&gt;. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:43, 21 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29005283 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:40, 28 July 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598]
* On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:27, 29 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29051727 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:21, 4 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439]
* Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035]
* Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account&lt;/code&gt; and use a value defined in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipboptions&lt;/code&gt;. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets can now include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.vue&lt;/code&gt; files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099]
* Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918]
* Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task.
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:41, 5 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29083927 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:20, 11 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29085671 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]].
* The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an &quot;X&quot; to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other &quot;X&quot; button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944]
* Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for &quot;Group results by page&quot; on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of &quot;One common data source, multiple local wikis&quot;. Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons]
* Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.addWarning()&lt;/code&gt; function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:30, 11 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29106516 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:43, 18 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to &quot;Thank&quot; individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849]
* An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716]
* An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227]
* Five new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|&lt;code&gt;s:tl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|&lt;code&gt;s:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|&lt;code&gt;w:rki:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|&lt;code&gt;b:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:39, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29127690 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 25 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: &lt;code&gt;width: fit-content&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ruby-align&lt;/code&gt;; relative units such as &lt;code&gt;lh&lt;/code&gt;; and custom strings in &lt;code&gt;list-style-type&lt;/code&gt;. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619]
* On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455]
* Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240]
* Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. &lt;code&gt;rc_new&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;rc_type&lt;/code&gt; are being removed in favor of &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt;. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt; instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] 
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29175124 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:40, 1 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki]
* The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as &quot;Templates used on this page,&quot; will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066]
* On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the &lt;code&gt;Special:RecentChanges&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Special:Watchlist&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;Special:RelatedChanges&lt;/code&gt; pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions now has a new capability called &quot;lightweight enumeration types&quot;, an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:
** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&amp;t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:51, 1 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29196010 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ja:トンスル]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee.

Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:28, 8 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] 
* Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698]
* Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:15, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29238161 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the &quot;Kapsan faction&quot;. This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 15 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* References lists that are made using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941]
* Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]].
* Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including:
** for the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;^&lt;/code&gt;) and end-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;$&lt;/code&gt;) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599]
** for both &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;insource:&lt;/code&gt; keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\d&lt;/code&gt;), whitespace (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\s&lt;/code&gt;), and word characters (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\w&lt;/code&gt;); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\r&lt;/code&gt;), newline (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\n&lt;/code&gt;), tab (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\t&lt;/code&gt;), and unicode (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\uHHHH&lt;/code&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212]
* When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]].
* Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288]
* The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets.
* Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. 
* A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:08, 15 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29263921 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&amp;#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:45, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29311347 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ &quot;Listen to Wikipedia&quot;] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator.
* A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#contentmodel}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254]
* Adding or editing a &lt;code&gt;DISPLAYTITLE&lt;/code&gt; for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; would no longer have the literal text &quot;DISPLAYTITLE&quot; or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. 
* Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:56, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29305556 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori.

Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 29 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29341788 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]].
* As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]].
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]].
* On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563]
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test.
* The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with &lt;code&gt;sp-contributions-blocked-notice&lt;/code&gt;] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with &lt;code&gt;blocked-notice-logextract&lt;/code&gt;] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed.
* There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[ ] |&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; after the fragment identifier (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|&lt;code&gt;q:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the &lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]&lt;/code&gt; function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once.
* A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:54, 29 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29355230 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:48, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects.
'''Updates for editors'''
* Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), instead of via a redirect to an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;creationdate:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;lasteditdate:&lt;/code&gt;, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&gt;2024&lt;/code&gt;) and relative dates (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;today-1d&lt;/code&gt;), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593]
* [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402]
* An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The field &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rev_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the revision database table is being removed in favor of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;content_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the &lt;code&gt;rest.php&lt;/code&gt; path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:24, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:06, 13 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. 

'''Updates for editors'''

* Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579]
* This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095]
* Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:00, 13 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' &quot;Final Solution&quot; to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:04, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;rest.php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]].
* Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:37, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29478670 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:51, 27 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]].
* Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]].
* The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/]
* Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures.
* A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]].
* Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:32, 27 October 2025 (UTC)
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|}

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:52, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29558323 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958]
* For users with &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools &quot;{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778]
* Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861]
* Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as &quot;Get shortened URL&quot;. There are 30 wikis that also install an older &quot;ShortUrl&quot; extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;class=&quot;title-shortlink&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188]
* On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board.
* MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29552512 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity.

For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:54, 10 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29584005 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264]
* MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347]
* Using the &quot;{{int:showpreview}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:showdiff}}&quot; buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097]
* Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454]
* The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment]
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called &quot;Image browsing&quot; to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28.
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://meta.wikimedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from &lt;code&gt;&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;mw:&lt;identity type&gt;:&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;&lt;identity type&gt;&lt;/code&gt; is typically &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;CentralAuth:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;!-- not a typo --&gt; (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;local:&lt;wiki id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the &lt;code&gt;sessionJwt&lt;/code&gt; cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$9&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or emailing other users &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612]
* A &lt;code&gt;REL1_45&lt;/code&gt; branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/]
* The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:38, 10 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29606150 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 17 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29627457 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November.
* Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]].
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|&lt;code&gt;s:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''&quot;Report Visual Bug&quot;'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
* Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;hackathon@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:27, 17 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29627455 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement.

There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:13, 24 November 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=29627457 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the &quot;DWIM&quot; (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;und&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;cxfcnmt&lt;/span&gt;'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ru&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;счастье&lt;/span&gt;'' (&quot;happiness&quot;) that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734]
* Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}&quot; preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
*  Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;format=xml'''&amp;xlst={stylesheet}'''&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/]
* The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Main graph or &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:57, 24 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The term &quot;'''halachic state'''&quot; (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 08:01, 1 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]].
* The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476]
* Two new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|&lt;code&gt;w:tok:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|&lt;code&gt;q:pcm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:58, 1 December 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29732328 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:29, 8 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Latn&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''bedniereba''&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Cyrl&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''бедниереба''&lt;/bdi&gt; will now suggest the existing article about &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ბედნიერება&lt;/bdi&gt; (&quot;happiness&quot;). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development.
* Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project.
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025.
* A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711]
* Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:46, 8 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:56, 15 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 15 December 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29796010 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:26, 22 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-52 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324]
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping &quot;First Steps&quot; in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, to avoid potential conflicts with other &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw&lt;/code&gt; attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:46, 22 December 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29831856 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:20, 29 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:00, 5 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso.

Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:45, 12 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:34, 12 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze.

Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:14, 19 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:30, 19 January 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29943403 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese.

Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome.

Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:05, 26 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:18, 26 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:32, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:44, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30000986 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:59, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:31, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30026671 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 13:45, 16 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:17, 16 February 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30086330 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&amp;#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 11:43, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:04, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30119102 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would &quot;not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland&quot;. It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:43, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:52, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 07:30, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30213008 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:43, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:36, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30260505 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:07, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30245038 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30268305 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:37, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30306870 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:26, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30329462 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:27, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30306870 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:56, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:19, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:34, 20 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:01, 20 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30432763 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:04, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:06, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30458046 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait.

Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 12:16, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30464799 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available.
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]].
* The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909]
* From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the &quot;Translate to English&quot; dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] 
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as &quot;changes 3&quot; instead of &quot;3 changes&quot; in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:44, 4 May 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30498077 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:53, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks.
* The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui.input&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:21, 11 May 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30524429 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions.
* To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the &quot;Tools &gt; Action&quot; menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''

* On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]].
* The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for &quot;Who Wrote That&quot; and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:22, 18 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&amp;#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 04:05, 21 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as &quot;The Forbidden Fruit&quot;). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a &quot;scientific fraud&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:32, 25 May 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] 

'''Updates for editors'''
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis.
* After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The legacy CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; have been replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:52, 25 May 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30584502 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Umuganda&quot;Rwandan community work&quot;.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine.

The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:55, 1 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month.
* The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed &quot;Community&quot; tab and a personalized &quot;For You&quot; tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:09, 1 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:kr:주령구]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata.

L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:20, 8 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's &quot;On This Day&quot; content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-cite&amp;language=en&amp;action_source=search&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The function signature for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945]
* '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:30, 8 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 15 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use &lt;code&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from thumbnail previews, or &lt;code&gt;class=noviewer&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. 
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class=&quot;wikitable&quot;|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-sort-order=&quot;desc&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page.
* Wikis that wish to replace the &quot;indefinitely&quot; button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change.
* The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited.
* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4).
* Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:49, 15 June 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30689604 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:52, 22 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902]
* Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to &quot;require CAPTCHA verification&quot; will begin to also affect users with the &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595]
* Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox].
* The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:05, 23 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:44, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to &quot;Create account&quot; and &quot;Log in&quot; actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220]
* After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292]
* An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;-prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;prefix:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 11:48, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30744833 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:35, 6 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;src&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute and SVG in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;srcset&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute.
* The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13:57, 6 July 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30773578 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:20, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis.
* The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778]
* To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:12, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30804401 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%).  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:18, 20 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, &quot;media-limit-reached&quot;, will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:47, 21 July 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30836091 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:00, 27 July 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077]
* DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), templates (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), HTML and parser tags (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), and magic words (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews.
* The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-helpusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-help&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604]
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533]
* From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the &quot;User&quot; namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:50, 27 July 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30856308 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 03:11, 3 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30879613 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&amp;uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518]
* The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-readinglists&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia.
* Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698]
* The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 3 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30872536 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca.

Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo.

Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:24, 10 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30889664 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting &quot;{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}&quot; in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001]
* Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;cldsort=timestamp&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:46, 10 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30901051 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:59, 17 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;w:bol:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921]
* Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:04, 17 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30922806 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 02:15, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30927700 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783]
* In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#uic:}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Userlinks}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466]
* Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs when specifically using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MyPage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URLs can still be accessed and used without &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Specified user page URLs (e.g. &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;User:Myusername&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) can still be used with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=raw&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386]
* Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;librsvg&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 2.60 and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;ImageMagick&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841]

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:46, 24 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30961208 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:54, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28.
* At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors.
* Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;onlyredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;withredirects:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;incategory:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;intitle:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;insource:&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089]
* The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;deepcat&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465]
* The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service.

* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:54, 31 August 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30990659 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 01:59, 7 September 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30993988 --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:Dom walden/Multivariate Analytic Combinatorics/Homology of Critical Points</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>480750</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4669097</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-06T12:32:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dom walden</username>
        <id>3209423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Thom's isotopy lemma */ explain standard tubular neighbourhood</comment>
      <origin>4669097</origin>
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      <text bytes="31312" sha1="dfdtrwyttyyplg88g305osbap86ok0a" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==

Morse theory tells us that the topology of M only changes at its critical points.

The &quot;Morse data&quot; tells us the topology at each critical point.

Attaching this Morse data together gives us a space which is homopotically eqivalent to M.

This space is a &quot;cell complex&quot;, which has an easy to calculate homology.

Theorem: Our domain of convergence is homotopic to a cell complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;This is theorem D.23 in Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546. Also theorem in section 1.2*/5.2* in SMT pp. 200.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof:
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; is our entire domain, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt; our variety
# Project our entire domain to complex projective space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z = \pi(X) \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n - H&lt;/math&gt; [define H]
# Define a linear subspace &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;G \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n&lt;/math&gt; of dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# Define a Morse function on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f: \C\mathbb{P}^n \to \R&lt;/math&gt; which approximates the distance from &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;G&lt;/math&gt; and such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f^{-1}(0) = G&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f^{-1}(1) = H&lt;/math&gt;
# We &quot;build&quot; &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X - \mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt; from &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi^{-1}(G \cap Z) \cap (X - \mathcal{V})&lt;/math&gt; by attaching CW complexes at critical points which are of at most dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# At a critical point, the normal Morse data is &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(J, K) = \coprod_x (J_x, K_x)&lt;/math&gt; and the relative complex link is &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{L}^\pi = \coprod_x \mathcal{L}_x&lt;/math&gt;
# We show that the quotient &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;J_x/K_x&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\leq 2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# The neighbourhood of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;J_x&lt;/math&gt; is homeomorphic to the cone in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_x(X - \mathcal{V})&lt;/math&gt;, and removing the point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; increases the homotopy dimension to at most the homotopy dimension of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_x&lt;/math&gt;
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(J_x \cup \{x\}, K_x)&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\text{cone}(\mathcal{L}_x), \mathcal{L}_x)&lt;/math&gt;
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{L}_x&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# The tangential Morse data at the critical point is homotopic to the pair &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(D^\lambda, \partial D^\lambda)&lt;/math&gt;
# Therefore, at each critical point a space has been added homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;.

Theorem: If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; is the complement in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\C^n&lt;/math&gt; of a complex variety &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt; of dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d&lt;/math&gt; then &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof:
# We build &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; by attaching cells of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt; at each critical point.
## Prove that we can do this without changing the homotopy(?)
## We use Thom's Isotopy Lemma to prove that there is a strong deformation retraction, stopping only at critical points.
# Prove these cells are a product of the normal and tangential Morse data.
## Normal data: &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\mathcal{L}(S), \partial \mathcal{L}(S)) \times (D^1, \partial D^1)&lt;/math&gt; [GM pp. 18]
## Tangential data: &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(B_\delta \cap f^{-1}[v - \epsilon, v + \epsilon], B_\delta \cap f^{-1}(v - \epsilon))&lt;/math&gt; for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f&lt;/math&gt; restricted to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; (or &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt;?) [GM pp. 63-64]
# If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; is the dimension of the strata, then
## If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k = d&lt;/math&gt; then it is a smooth point and the cell is the product of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S^{2(n-d)-1}&lt;/math&gt; and the tangential data is dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d&lt;/math&gt;.
## If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k &lt; d&lt;/math&gt;, ...

&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 547.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Example in one dimension ==

Domain with singularities v_1, v_2, ..., v_i

Define our height function f...

Start with our entire domain X

Reduce from X to X_i+ by using Thom's Isotopy lemma to do a strong deformation retract

== Thom's isotopy lemma ==

We present a modified version of Thom's isotopy lemma, less general than the original but more obviously relevant to our situation.

Theorem: Suppose &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; is a closed subset of a smooth manifold &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; which admits a Whitney stratification, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h : M \to \R&lt;/math&gt; is a proper Morse function which has no critical values on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;. Then, the level sets of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; are homeomorphic by a homeomorphism that preserves the strata of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;For various versions of the full statement of the theorem, see Mather 2012, pp. 499, Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 41, or Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 541.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof:
# Construct control data for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.
## [Prop 7.1] If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is smooth on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488.&lt;/ref&gt;
# This makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; an abstract stratified set and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f&lt;/math&gt; and controlled submersion.
# A controlled submersion has, for any smooth vector field on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R&lt;/math&gt;, a smooth vector field on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; (a &quot;lift&quot;?)&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;
# A controlled vector field has a unique one-parameter family of homeomorphisms of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; which commute with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 496.&lt;/ref&gt;
# This makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; a locally trivial fibration. [Prop 10.2]&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 499.&lt;/ref&gt;

Control data:

A system of '''control data''' for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; consists of, for each stratum &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;,
* a '''tubular neighbourhood''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt;
* a '''tubular projection function''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_X: T_X \to X&lt;/math&gt;, and
* a '''tubular distance function''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho_X: T_X \to \R&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho_X^{-1}(0) = X&lt;/math&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;

[illustration]

such that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X &lt; Y&lt;/math&gt; are strata in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;, then

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_X \pi_Y(m) = \pi_X(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_X \pi_Y(m) = \rho_X(m)&lt;/math&gt;

for all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_X| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_Y(m) \in |T_X|&lt;/math&gt;.

If, for all strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; and all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_X|&lt;/math&gt;, we have &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h \pi_X(m) = h(m)&lt;/math&gt;, then this control data will be said to be compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488.&lt;/ref&gt;

We prove that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is smooth on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488, prop 7.1.&lt;/ref&gt;

Let &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z_k&lt;/math&gt; be the union of strata of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; of dimension less than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;. We prove by induction on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;.

To construct the tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_X&lt;/math&gt; of a stratum &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of dimension less than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;. For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;l \leq k&lt;/math&gt;, let &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;U_l&lt;/math&gt; denote the union of all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; X&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim Y \geq l&lt;/math&gt;. Let &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X_l = U_l \cap X&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489.&lt;/ref&gt;

For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;l = k&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X_k = \empty&lt;/math&gt;. Assume by induction that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; has been constructed and that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; X&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim Y \geq l + 1&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1} = \pi_{T_{l+1}}&lt;/math&gt;) then&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489-490.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

We wish to construct a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y| \cap X&lt;/math&gt; whose restriction to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y| \cap X_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; is isomorphic to the restriction of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; such that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{X,Y}| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{X,Y}(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{X,Y} = \pi_{T_{X,Y}}&lt;/math&gt;) then

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

By shrinking &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; if necessary, this relation is already satisfied if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; in place of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; in place of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt;. By the definition, if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{l+1}|&lt;/math&gt; then there exists &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z &lt; X&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim Z &gt; l&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_Z|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Z|&lt;/math&gt;. We have that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y| \cap |T_Z|&lt;/math&gt; and therefore &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; Z&lt;/math&gt;. Therefore&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 490.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

We can prove that, by shrinking &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y|&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X \to \R \times Y&lt;/math&gt; is a submersion [prop 7.3?] and that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; is compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y) \pi_{X,Y}(m) = (\rho_Y, \pi_Y)(m)&lt;/math&gt;(?).

To prove it is a submersion, for the tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T = (E, \epsilon, \psi)&lt;/math&gt; there exists a smooth positive function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\epsilon'&lt;/math&gt; such that

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;(\rho_T, \pi_T): Y \cap |T|_{\epsilon'}^0 \to \R \times X,&lt;/math&gt;

where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T|_{\epsilon'}^0 = \psi(B_\epsilon \cap B_{\epsilon'})&lt;/math&gt;, is a submersion. If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt; is the set &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y \in |T|&lt;/math&gt; such that the rank of

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;(\rho_T, \pi_T): T \cap |T| \to \R \times X&lt;/math&gt;

at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y&lt;/math&gt; is less than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim(\R \times X)&lt;/math&gt;. We need to prove that for any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x \in X&lt;/math&gt; there exists a neighbourhood of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; which does not intersect with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. the map is not a submersion in this neighbourhood. It follows from [lemma 7.2] that it is enough to prove for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M = \R^m&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X = \R^{m-c} \times 0_c&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T&lt;/math&gt; is the '''standard tubular neighbourhood'''.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489.&lt;/ref&gt;

By standard tubular neighbourhood, we mean the trivial bundle with base &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt; and fibre &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^c&lt;/math&gt; where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi: \R^m \to \R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt;...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488.&lt;/ref&gt;

[Finish proof of 7.3 consisting of orthogonal complements, Grassmanians, etc.]&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489.&lt;/ref&gt;

To prove that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; is compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y&lt;/math&gt;...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 490.&lt;/ref&gt;

Therefore, there exists a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X_0&lt;/math&gt; satisfying

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_0(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_0(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

From this we can prove that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; is compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;. Replacing &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; with a smaller tubular neighbourhood if necessary we can assume &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_0|&lt;/math&gt; such that for some &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; X&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_0(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt;, then&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 490.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;h \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y(m) = h(m).&lt;/math&gt;

By the generalised tubular neighourhood theorem [prop 7.2?], we can replace &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; with a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;. This completes the construction of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_X&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 491.&lt;/ref&gt;

This makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; an '''abstract stratified set''' with axioms...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 491-492.&lt;/ref&gt;

This also makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; a '''controlled submersion''' because
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h|X: X \to \R&lt;/math&gt; is a smooth submersion on each strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;, and
# for each stratum &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; there is a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T'_X&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h(v) = h \pi_X(v)&lt;/math&gt; for all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v \in T'_X&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Henle 1979, pp. 33.&lt;/ref&gt;

[picture]

Imagine we have a vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v(x)&lt;/math&gt; defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This &quot;flows&quot; the entire line along the vectors.

[picture]

We define a '''stratified vector field''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; to be a family of smooth vector fields &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta_X&lt;/math&gt;, one for each strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

We define a '''controlled vector field''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; to be a stratified vector field such that for any strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/math&gt; there exists a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T'_Y&lt;/math&gt; such that for any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X &gt; Y&lt;/math&gt; and any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v \in T'_X \cap X&lt;/math&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\eta_X \rho_{Y,X}(v) = 0,&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;(\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) = \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)).&lt;/math&gt;

We prove that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is a controlled submersion then, for any smooth vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\zeta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R&lt;/math&gt; there is a controlled vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_* \eta(v) = \zeta(h(v))&lt;/math&gt; for all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v \in Z&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493-495.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Morse theory ==

Steps(?)
* Explain topology
* Every point of a stratum is locally like a product structure (proved by Thom's Isotopy Lemma) [GM pp. 41-42]
** Including those around critical points, which are the product of normal and tangential Morse data (these are our quasi-local cycles?)
* Thom's Isotopy Lemma proves a strong deformation retraction (which only stops at critical points) [PWM pp. 541-542]

=== Homotopy ===

We want to replace our domain of convergence &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt;, which is the complement of our singular variety &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt;, with an &quot;equivalent&quot; space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M'&lt;/math&gt; which has better understood properties. We say &quot;equivalent&quot; because there are several different things we could mean by &quot;equivalent&quot; in this context. The equivalence we are referring to in this section is called '''homotopy'''.

Imagine two subspaces &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_1&lt;/math&gt; of a space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/math&gt; which are defined respectively by smooth functions &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f, g: X \to Y&lt;/math&gt;. If there exists a smooth function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_s: X \times [0, 1] \to Y&lt;/math&gt;, called a homotopy, such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_0 = f&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_1 = g&lt;/math&gt; and for any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\epsilon &gt; 0&lt;/math&gt; there exists a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\delta_a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\delta_b&lt;/math&gt; such that when &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|s - s_0| &lt; \delta_a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|x - x_0| &lt; \delta_b&lt;/math&gt; we have &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|h_s(x) - h_{s_0}(x_0)| &lt; \epsilon&lt;/math&gt;, then we say &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_1&lt;/math&gt; are '''homotopic'''.&lt;ref&gt;Henle 1979, pp. 251-252.&lt;/ref&gt;

Below is an example where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_1&lt;/math&gt; are one-dimensional curves and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;H(t, s) = h_s(t)&lt;/math&gt;.

[[File:Homotopy_curves.png|300px]]

In [[#Homotopy_equivalence|Appendix A]], we formally prove that we can construct an equivalent space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M'&lt;/math&gt;. We provide only an example to give some intuition before describing how to construct the space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M'&lt;/math&gt; in terms of local cycles around critical points.

=== Motivating example ===

Imagine a torus and a height function which is just the z value of the point.

[[File:3D-Leveltorus.png|200px]]

It has four critical points: two at the top and bottom of the outer circle (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_1, p_4&lt;/math&gt;) and two at the top and bottom of the inner circle (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_2, p_3&lt;/math&gt;).

[picture]

When the height is between the &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_2&lt;/math&gt;, the space is a two-cell, which can be retracted to a point.

[picture]

When the height is between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_3&lt;/math&gt;, the space is a cylinder, which can be retracted to a two-cell with a one-cell attached.

[[File:3D-Cylinder_and_disk_with_handle.png|200px]]

When the height is between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_3&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_4&lt;/math&gt;, the space is a torus with a disc removed, which can be retracted to a cylinder with a one-cell attached.

[[File:3D-Cylinder_with_handle_and_torus_with_hole.png|200px]]

When the height is greater than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_4&lt;/math&gt;, then the full torus is constructed by attaching a two-cell.

[Explain in terms of Morse data and Morse index?]

=== Morse data and quasi-local cycles ===

As in the above example, we start at the &quot;bottom&quot; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; and build upwards until just before we reach our first critical point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.

;Smooth points
:This is a tube around a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(d-1)&lt;/math&gt;-chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; where the height function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is maximised at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223.&lt;/ref&gt;
:For example, if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;F(x, y) = \frac{1}{1 - x - y}&lt;/math&gt; then &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;B^\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an arc reaching its highest point at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.
:The normal plane &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; is a plane orthogonal to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;B^1&lt;/math&gt;(?).
:Its normal link &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L(S)&lt;/math&gt; is a circle with two points missing where it intersects &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt;.
:We make our quasi-local cycle out of the product of the arc and circle joined to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_-&lt;/math&gt; at points below &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_-&lt;/math&gt;.
:With the exception of degenerate points, such as monkey saddles...&lt;ref&gt;e.g. Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 211.&lt;/ref&gt;

;Transverse multiple points
:This is the product of a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;-torus and a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(d-k)&lt;/math&gt;-chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt;. The torus is the product of circles about &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in the complex normal space to each strata which intersects &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;. The chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; is supported in the stratum which is the common intersection of the varieties defined by the factors vanishing at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;, and achieves its maximum height at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223-224.&lt;/ref&gt;

;Arrangement multiple point
:This is the product of a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(d-k)&lt;/math&gt;-chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; and several &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;-tori, one for each pair of sheets which intersect transversely, where the torus is the product of circles about &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in each sheet.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;

;Cone point
:A cone point is zero-dimensional so there is no &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt;, just a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d&lt;/math&gt;-torus about &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 227.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Appendix ==

=== Homotopy equivalence ===

[Assuming no CVAI...]

Theorem:
# Homotopy equivalence between M_{\leq a} and M_{\leq b}...
# If in a range &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;[a, b]&lt;/math&gt; there are no CVAI and only one critical value &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;c&lt;/math&gt;, not equal to either &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; or &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, with one or more critical points &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;z_1, \cdots, z_m&lt;/math&gt; then there is a stratified flow deforming any chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; to a (homotopic?) chain in the union of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{&lt;c}&lt;/math&gt; with sufficiently small balls around each critical point. This induces a homotopy between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(M_{c+\epsilon}, M_{c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt; and the direct sum of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(M_{c-\epsilon} \cup B_{2\epsilon}(z_i), M_{c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt; for each critical point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;z_i&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 231.&lt;/ref&gt;

The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Henle 1979, pp. 33.&lt;/ref&gt;

[picture]

Imagine we have a vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v(x)&lt;/math&gt; defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This &quot;flows&quot; the entire line along the vectors.

We can (potentially) define a function to implement this flow. Define &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; are points in the space and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; is something like time. As &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; goes from zero to some positive number, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi&lt;/math&gt; moves the points &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; along the vectors. To describe this process formally, we say &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi&lt;/math&gt; is the solution to the differential equation

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\frac{d}{dt} \Phi(x, t) = v(x).&lt;/math&gt;

We want a particular vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v&lt;/math&gt; with certain properties... The proof of the existence of this vector field is long and complicated and we will not go into it here.&lt;ref&gt;It involves concepts such as Thom's isotopy lemma and Mather's controlled vector flows. See Mather 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Using this vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v&lt;/math&gt; but modified so as to be zero on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq a}&lt;/math&gt;. This vector field defines a function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; such that
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d/dt \Phi(x, t) = v(x)&lt;/math&gt; when &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h(x) \in (a, b]&lt;/math&gt;.
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; is defined for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;0 \leq t \leq h(x) - a&lt;/math&gt; and in this range &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h(\Phi(x, t)) = h(x) - t&lt;/math&gt;.
* the map &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\psi(x) = \Phi(x, b - a)&lt;/math&gt; is a continuous map on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq b}&lt;/math&gt; with range (image?) &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq a}&lt;/math&gt; and fixing &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq a}&lt;/math&gt;.

The function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, 0)&lt;/math&gt; is the identity on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq b}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, b - a) = \psi(x)&lt;/math&gt;, therefore &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi&lt;/math&gt; in the range &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;[0, b - a]&lt;/math&gt; is a homotopy between the identity on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq b}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\psi&lt;/math&gt;. This implies 1)???&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 233.&lt;/ref&gt;

Define the distance from a critical point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\kappa(x) = \min\{ |x - z_i| : z_1, \cdots, z_m \}&lt;/math&gt;. For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;s &gt; 0 &lt;/math&gt; we define a new vector field

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;v_s(x) = \begin{cases}
v(x) &amp; \kappa(x) \geq s \\
\rho(\kappa(x)) v(x) &amp; \kappa(x) \in [s/2, s] \\
0 &amp; \kappa(x) \leq s/2
\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

for a smooth non-decreasing function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho&lt;/math&gt; where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho(s/2) = 0&lt;/math&gt;.

Define &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; as the function such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d/dt \Phi(x, t)_s = v_s(x)&lt;/math&gt;. The height function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is non-increasing along &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; (by implication of bullet point 2?) so points in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c-\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; stay in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c - \epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; when flowed along &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; and therefore &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; is a homotopy equivalence between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, M_{\leq c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\Phi(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, 2\epsilon), M_{\leq c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt;. By &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, 2\epsilon)&lt;/math&gt; we mean the space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c+\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; flowed along &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; for a short period of time &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2\epsilon&lt;/math&gt;.

[Prove it has the same critical points and is proper?]

&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, 2\epsilon)&lt;/math&gt; takes points in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c+\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c-\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; except for those that come within &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;s&lt;/math&gt; of a critical point within time &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2\epsilon&lt;/math&gt;.

Therefore, we see how we &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; can homotopically deform a chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c+\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; to a chain in the union of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c-\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; and small neighbourhoods of critical points.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 234-235.&lt;/ref&gt;

On the assumption of this theorem, we can start with any chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; and deform this chain to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_1+}&lt;/math&gt; using part 1. Then we deform this chain to a chain in the union of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_1-}&lt;/math&gt; and small balls around the critical points. The (sub?)chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_1-}&lt;/math&gt; is then deformed to a chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_2+}&lt;/math&gt;, which is deformed to a chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_2-} \cup z_{c_2}&lt;/math&gt;, and so on. Eventually, we get to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_j-}&lt;/math&gt; which is homotopic to any space &quot;below&quot; it. Therefore, we have deformed our chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; to a homotopic chain in the union of small balls around critical points.&lt;ref&gt;Baryshnikov, Melczer and Pemantle 2022, pp. ???.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 217???&lt;/ref&gt;

[Direct sum of homology generators for relative cycles]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{citation | last1=Baryshnikov | first1=Yuliy | last2=Melczer | first2=Stephen | last3=Pemantle | first3=Robin | title=Stationary Points at Infinity for Analytic Combinatorics | year=2022 | journal=Foundations of Computational Mathematics | volume=22 | number=5 | pages=1631-1664 | url=https://www2.math.upenn.edu/~pemantle/papers/SPAI-published-version.pdf }}.
* {{cite book | last1=Goresky | first1=Mark | last2=MacPherson | first2=Robert | title=Stratified Morse Theory | publisher=Springer-Verlag | year=1988 | url=https://www.math.ias.edu/~goresky/pdf/SMT.djvu }}
* {{cite book | last=Henle | first1=Michael | title=A Combinatorial Introduction to Topology | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. New York | year=1979 }}
* {{citation | last=Mather | first=John | title=Notes on Topological Stability | year=2012 | journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society | volume=49 | number=4 | pages=475-506 | url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2012-49-04/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6.pdf }}.
* {{cite book | last1=Pemantle | first1=Robin | last2=Wilson | first2=Mark C. | last3=Melczer | first3=Stephen | title=Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2024 | edition=2nd | url=https://acsvproject.com/PemantleWilsonMelczer23.pdf }}</text>
      <sha1>dfdtrwyttyyplg88g305osbap86ok0a</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>4669099</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-06T13:03:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dom walden</username>
        <id>3209423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Thom's isotopy lemma */ finish proof of lemma 7.3</comment>
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      <text bytes="32294" sha1="67zv312te1dpfjx45d2fxwdc8dh1rro" xml:space="preserve">== Introduction ==

Morse theory tells us that the topology of M only changes at its critical points.

The &quot;Morse data&quot; tells us the topology at each critical point.

Attaching this Morse data together gives us a space which is homopotically eqivalent to M.

This space is a &quot;cell complex&quot;, which has an easy to calculate homology.

Theorem: Our domain of convergence is homotopic to a cell complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;This is theorem D.23 in Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546. Also theorem in section 1.2*/5.2* in SMT pp. 200.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof:
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; is our entire domain, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt; our variety
# Project our entire domain to complex projective space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z = \pi(X) \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n - H&lt;/math&gt; [define H]
# Define a linear subspace &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;G \subset \C\mathbb{P}^n&lt;/math&gt; of dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# Define a Morse function on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f: \C\mathbb{P}^n \to \R&lt;/math&gt; which approximates the distance from &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;G&lt;/math&gt; and such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f^{-1}(0) = G&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f^{-1}(1) = H&lt;/math&gt;
# We &quot;build&quot; &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X - \mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt; from &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi^{-1}(G \cap Z) \cap (X - \mathcal{V})&lt;/math&gt; by attaching CW complexes at critical points which are of at most dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# At a critical point, the normal Morse data is &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(J, K) = \coprod_x (J_x, K_x)&lt;/math&gt; and the relative complex link is &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{L}^\pi = \coprod_x \mathcal{L}_x&lt;/math&gt;
# We show that the quotient &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;J_x/K_x&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\leq 2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# The neighbourhood of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;J_x&lt;/math&gt; is homeomorphic to the cone in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_x(X - \mathcal{V})&lt;/math&gt;, and removing the point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; increases the homotopy dimension to at most the homotopy dimension of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L_x&lt;/math&gt;
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(J_x \cup \{x\}, K_x)&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\text{cone}(\mathcal{L}_x), \mathcal{L}_x)&lt;/math&gt;
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{L}_x&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;
# The tangential Morse data at the critical point is homotopic to the pair &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(D^\lambda, \partial D^\lambda)&lt;/math&gt;
# Therefore, at each critical point a space has been added homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;.

Theorem: If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; is the complement in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\C^n&lt;/math&gt; of a complex variety &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt; of dimension &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d&lt;/math&gt; then &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; is homotopic to a CW complex of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 546.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof:
# We build &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; by attaching cells of dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2n - d - 1&lt;/math&gt; at each critical point.
## Prove that we can do this without changing the homotopy(?)
## We use Thom's Isotopy Lemma to prove that there is a strong deformation retraction, stopping only at critical points.
# Prove these cells are a product of the normal and tangential Morse data.
## Normal data: &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\mathcal{L}(S), \partial \mathcal{L}(S)) \times (D^1, \partial D^1)&lt;/math&gt; [GM pp. 18]
## Tangential data: &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(B_\delta \cap f^{-1}[v - \epsilon, v + \epsilon], B_\delta \cap f^{-1}(v - \epsilon))&lt;/math&gt; for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f&lt;/math&gt; restricted to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; (or &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt;?) [GM pp. 63-64]
# If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt; is the dimension of the strata, then
## If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k = d&lt;/math&gt; then it is a smooth point and the cell is the product of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;S^{2(n-d)-1}&lt;/math&gt; and the tangential data is dimension at most &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d&lt;/math&gt;.
## If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k &lt; d&lt;/math&gt;, ...

&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 547.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Example in one dimension ==

Domain with singularities v_1, v_2, ..., v_i

Define our height function f...

Start with our entire domain X

Reduce from X to X_i+ by using Thom's Isotopy lemma to do a strong deformation retract

== Thom's isotopy lemma ==

We present a modified version of Thom's isotopy lemma, less general than the original but more obviously relevant to our situation.

Theorem: Suppose &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; is a closed subset of a smooth manifold &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; which admits a Whitney stratification, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h : M \to \R&lt;/math&gt; is a proper Morse function which has no critical values on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;. Then, the level sets of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; are homeomorphic by a homeomorphism that preserves the strata of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;For various versions of the full statement of the theorem, see Mather 2012, pp. 499, Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 41, or Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 541.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof:
# Construct control data for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.
## [Prop 7.1] If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is smooth on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488.&lt;/ref&gt;
# This makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; an abstract stratified set and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f&lt;/math&gt; and controlled submersion.
# A controlled submersion has, for any smooth vector field on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R&lt;/math&gt;, a smooth vector field on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; (a &quot;lift&quot;?)&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;
# A controlled vector field has a unique one-parameter family of homeomorphisms of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; which commute with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 496.&lt;/ref&gt;
# This makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; a locally trivial fibration. [Prop 10.2]&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 499.&lt;/ref&gt;

Control data:

A system of '''control data''' for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; consists of, for each stratum &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;,
* a '''tubular neighbourhood''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt;
* a '''tubular projection function''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_X: T_X \to X&lt;/math&gt;, and
* a '''tubular distance function''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho_X: T_X \to \R&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho_X^{-1}(0) = X&lt;/math&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Goresky and MacPherson 1988, pp. 42.&lt;/ref&gt;

[illustration]

such that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X &lt; Y&lt;/math&gt; are strata in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;, then

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_X \pi_Y(m) = \pi_X(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_X \pi_Y(m) = \rho_X(m)&lt;/math&gt;

for all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_X| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_Y(m) \in |T_X|&lt;/math&gt;.

If, for all strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; and all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_X|&lt;/math&gt;, we have &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h \pi_X(m) = h(m)&lt;/math&gt;, then this control data will be said to be compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488.&lt;/ref&gt;

We prove that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is smooth on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; and is a submersion for each strata then there exists a family of control data for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488, prop 7.1.&lt;/ref&gt;

Let &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z_k&lt;/math&gt; be the union of strata of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; of dimension less than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;. We prove by induction on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;.

To construct the tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_X&lt;/math&gt; of a stratum &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of dimension less than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;. For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;l \leq k&lt;/math&gt;, let &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;U_l&lt;/math&gt; denote the union of all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; X&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim Y \geq l&lt;/math&gt;. Let &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X_l = U_l \cap X&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489.&lt;/ref&gt;

For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;l = k&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X_k = \empty&lt;/math&gt;. Assume by induction that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; has been constructed and that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; X&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim Y \geq l + 1&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1} = \pi_{T_{l+1}}&lt;/math&gt;) then&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489-490.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

We wish to construct a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y| \cap X&lt;/math&gt; whose restriction to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y| \cap X_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; is isomorphic to the restriction of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; such that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{X,Y}| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{X,Y}(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{X,Y} = \pi_{T_{X,Y}}&lt;/math&gt;) then

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_{X,Y}(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

By shrinking &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; if necessary, this relation is already satisfied if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{l+1}| \cap |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; in place of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}&lt;/math&gt; in place of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt;. By the definition, if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_{l+1}|&lt;/math&gt; then there exists &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z &lt; X&lt;/math&gt; with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim Z &gt; l&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_Z|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Z|&lt;/math&gt;. We have that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_{l+1}(m) \in |T_Y| \cap |T_Z|&lt;/math&gt; and therefore &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; Z&lt;/math&gt;. Therefore&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 490.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \rho_Y \pi_Z(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z \pi_{l+1}(m) = \pi_Y \pi_Z(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

We can prove that, by shrinking &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T_Y|&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X \to \R \times Y&lt;/math&gt; is a submersion [prop 7.3?] and that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; is compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y) \pi_{X,Y}(m) = (\rho_Y, \pi_Y)(m)&lt;/math&gt;(?).

To prove it is a submersion, for the tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T = (E, \epsilon, \psi)&lt;/math&gt; there exists a smooth positive function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\epsilon'&lt;/math&gt; such that

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;(\rho_T, \pi_T): Y \cap |T|_{\epsilon'}^0 \to \R \times X,&lt;/math&gt;

where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|T|_{\epsilon'}^0 = \psi(B_\epsilon \cap B_{\epsilon'})&lt;/math&gt;, is a submersion. If &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt; is the set &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y \in |T|&lt;/math&gt; such that the rank of

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;(\rho_T, \pi_T): T \cap |T| \to \R \times X&lt;/math&gt;

at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y&lt;/math&gt; is less than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\dim(\R \times X)&lt;/math&gt;. We need to prove that for any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x \in X&lt;/math&gt; there exists a neighbourhood of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; which does not intersect with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Sigma&lt;/math&gt;, i.e. the map is not a submersion in this neighbourhood. It follows from [lemma 7.2] that it is enough to prove for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M = \R^m&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X = \R^{m-c} \times 0_c&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T&lt;/math&gt; is the '''standard tubular neighbourhood'''.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489.&lt;/ref&gt;

By standard tubular neighbourhood, we mean the trivial bundle with base &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt; and fibre &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^c&lt;/math&gt; where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi: \R^m \to \R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt;...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 488.&lt;/ref&gt;

For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y \in |T| - \R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt;, the kernal of the differential of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\pi_T, \rho_T)&lt;/math&gt; at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y&lt;/math&gt; is the orthogonal complement of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}&lt;/math&gt; in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^m&lt;/math&gt;. By the Whitney conditions, we have that for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y&lt;/math&gt; near &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\R^{m-c} \times 0_c) \oplus \stackrel{\frown}{y \pi_T(y)}&lt;/math&gt; is close to the set of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m - c + 1&lt;/math&gt; planes in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m-&lt;/math&gt;space to an &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m - c + 1&lt;/math&gt; plane in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;TY_y&lt;/math&gt;. Therefore, for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;y&lt;/math&gt; near enough to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R^{m-c}&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;TY_y&lt;/math&gt; is transverse to the kernal of the differential of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\pi_T, \rho_T)&lt;/math&gt; and, therefore, is a submersion when restricted to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 489.&lt;/ref&gt;

To prove that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_{X,Y}&lt;/math&gt; is compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\rho_Y, \pi_Y): |T_Y| \cap X_{l+1} \to \R \times Y&lt;/math&gt;...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 490.&lt;/ref&gt;

Therefore, there exists a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X_0&lt;/math&gt; satisfying

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\rho_Y \pi_0(m) = \rho_Y(m),&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\pi_Y \pi_0(m) = \pi_Y(m).&lt;/math&gt;

From this we can prove that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; is compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;. Replacing &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; with a smaller tubular neighbourhood if necessary we can assume &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_0|&lt;/math&gt; such that for some &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y &lt; X&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;m \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\pi_0(m) \in |T_Y|&lt;/math&gt;, then&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 490.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;h \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y \pi_0(m) = h \pi_Y(m) = h(m).&lt;/math&gt;

By the generalised tubular neighourhood theorem [prop 7.2?], we can replace &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_0&lt;/math&gt; with a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; compatible with &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt;. This completes the construction of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T_X&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 491.&lt;/ref&gt;

This makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; an '''abstract stratified set''' with axioms...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 491-492.&lt;/ref&gt;

This also makes &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; a '''controlled submersion''' because
# &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h|X: X \to \R&lt;/math&gt; is a smooth submersion on each strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;, and
# for each stratum &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; there is a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T'_X&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h(v) = h \pi_X(v)&lt;/math&gt; for all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v \in T'_X&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Henle 1979, pp. 33.&lt;/ref&gt;

[picture]

Imagine we have a vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v(x)&lt;/math&gt; defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This &quot;flows&quot; the entire line along the vectors.

[picture]

We define a '''stratified vector field''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; to be a family of smooth vector fields &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta_X&lt;/math&gt;, one for each strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X&lt;/math&gt; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

We define a '''controlled vector field''' &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; to be a stratified vector field such that for any strata &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/math&gt; there exists a tubular neighbourhood &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;T'_Y&lt;/math&gt; such that for any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;X &gt; Y&lt;/math&gt; and any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v \in T'_X \cap X&lt;/math&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\eta_X \rho_{Y,X}(v) = 0,&lt;/math&gt;
&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;(\pi_{Y,X})_* \eta_X(v) = \eta_Y (\pi_{Y,X}(v)).&lt;/math&gt;

We prove that if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is a controlled submersion then, for any smooth vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\zeta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\R&lt;/math&gt; there is a controlled vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\eta&lt;/math&gt; on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/math&gt; such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_* \eta(v) = \zeta(h(v))&lt;/math&gt; for all &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v \in Z&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493.&lt;/ref&gt;

Proof...&lt;ref&gt;Mather 2012, pp. 493-495.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Morse theory ==

Steps(?)
* Explain topology
* Every point of a stratum is locally like a product structure (proved by Thom's Isotopy Lemma) [GM pp. 41-42]
** Including those around critical points, which are the product of normal and tangential Morse data (these are our quasi-local cycles?)
* Thom's Isotopy Lemma proves a strong deformation retraction (which only stops at critical points) [PWM pp. 541-542]

=== Homotopy ===

We want to replace our domain of convergence &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt;, which is the complement of our singular variety &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt;, with an &quot;equivalent&quot; space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M'&lt;/math&gt; which has better understood properties. We say &quot;equivalent&quot; because there are several different things we could mean by &quot;equivalent&quot; in this context. The equivalence we are referring to in this section is called '''homotopy'''.

Imagine two subspaces &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_1&lt;/math&gt; of a space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/math&gt; which are defined respectively by smooth functions &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;f, g: X \to Y&lt;/math&gt;. If there exists a smooth function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_s: X \times [0, 1] \to Y&lt;/math&gt;, called a homotopy, such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_0 = f&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h_1 = g&lt;/math&gt; and for any &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\epsilon &gt; 0&lt;/math&gt; there exists a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\delta_a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\delta_b&lt;/math&gt; such that when &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|s - s_0| &lt; \delta_a&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|x - x_0| &lt; \delta_b&lt;/math&gt; we have &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;|h_s(x) - h_{s_0}(x_0)| &lt; \epsilon&lt;/math&gt;, then we say &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_1&lt;/math&gt; are '''homotopic'''.&lt;ref&gt;Henle 1979, pp. 251-252.&lt;/ref&gt;

Below is an example where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_0&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma_1&lt;/math&gt; are one-dimensional curves and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;H(t, s) = h_s(t)&lt;/math&gt;.

[[File:Homotopy_curves.png|300px]]

In [[#Homotopy_equivalence|Appendix A]], we formally prove that we can construct an equivalent space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M'&lt;/math&gt;. We provide only an example to give some intuition before describing how to construct the space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M'&lt;/math&gt; in terms of local cycles around critical points.

=== Motivating example ===

Imagine a torus and a height function which is just the z value of the point.

[[File:3D-Leveltorus.png|200px]]

It has four critical points: two at the top and bottom of the outer circle (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_1, p_4&lt;/math&gt;) and two at the top and bottom of the inner circle (&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_2, p_3&lt;/math&gt;).

[picture]

When the height is between the &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_2&lt;/math&gt;, the space is a two-cell, which can be retracted to a point.

[picture]

When the height is between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_2&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_3&lt;/math&gt;, the space is a cylinder, which can be retracted to a two-cell with a one-cell attached.

[[File:3D-Cylinder_and_disk_with_handle.png|200px]]

When the height is between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_3&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_4&lt;/math&gt;, the space is a torus with a disc removed, which can be retracted to a cylinder with a one-cell attached.

[[File:3D-Cylinder_with_handle_and_torus_with_hole.png|200px]]

When the height is greater than &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p_4&lt;/math&gt;, then the full torus is constructed by attaching a two-cell.

[Explain in terms of Morse data and Morse index?]

=== Morse data and quasi-local cycles ===

As in the above example, we start at the &quot;bottom&quot; of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; and build upwards until just before we reach our first critical point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.

;Smooth points
:This is a tube around a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(d-1)&lt;/math&gt;-chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; where the height function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is maximised at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223.&lt;/ref&gt;
:For example, if &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;F(x, y) = \frac{1}{1 - x - y}&lt;/math&gt; then &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\lambda = 1&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;B^\lambda&lt;/math&gt; is an arc reaching its highest point at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.
:The normal plane &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;N&lt;/math&gt; at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; is a plane orthogonal to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;B^1&lt;/math&gt;(?).
:Its normal link &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;L(S)&lt;/math&gt; is a circle with two points missing where it intersects &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\mathcal{V}&lt;/math&gt;.
:We make our quasi-local cycle out of the product of the arc and circle joined to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_-&lt;/math&gt; at points below &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_-&lt;/math&gt;.
:With the exception of degenerate points, such as monkey saddles...&lt;ref&gt;e.g. Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 211.&lt;/ref&gt;

;Transverse multiple points
:This is the product of a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;-torus and a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(d-k)&lt;/math&gt;-chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt;. The torus is the product of circles about &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in the complex normal space to each strata which intersects &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;. The chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; is supported in the stratum which is the common intersection of the varieties defined by the factors vanishing at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;, and achieves its maximum height at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 223-224.&lt;/ref&gt;

;Arrangement multiple point
:This is the product of a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(d-k)&lt;/math&gt;-chain &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt; and several &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;k&lt;/math&gt;-tori, one for each pair of sheets which intersect transversely, where the torus is the product of circles about &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in each sheet.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 226.&lt;/ref&gt;

;Cone point
:A cone point is zero-dimensional so there is no &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\gamma&lt;/math&gt;, just a &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d&lt;/math&gt;-torus about &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 227.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Appendix ==

=== Homotopy equivalence ===

[Assuming no CVAI...]

Theorem:
# Homotopy equivalence between M_{\leq a} and M_{\leq b}...
# If in a range &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;[a, b]&lt;/math&gt; there are no CVAI and only one critical value &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;c&lt;/math&gt;, not equal to either &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;a&lt;/math&gt; or &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;b&lt;/math&gt;, with one or more critical points &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;z_1, \cdots, z_m&lt;/math&gt; then there is a stratified flow deforming any chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; to a (homotopic?) chain in the union of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{&lt;c}&lt;/math&gt; with sufficiently small balls around each critical point. This induces a homotopy between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(M_{c+\epsilon}, M_{c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt; and the direct sum of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(M_{c-\epsilon} \cup B_{2\epsilon}(z_i), M_{c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt; for each critical point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;z_i&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 231.&lt;/ref&gt;

The core of this is the concept of a '''vector field'''. A vector field is a function which assigns, for each point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt; in a space, a '''vector''', which can be represented by an arrow whose tail starts at &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;p&lt;/math&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Henle 1979, pp. 33.&lt;/ref&gt;

[picture]

Imagine we have a vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v(x)&lt;/math&gt; defined in a space and draw a line through our space. At each point along this line the vector field assigns a vector. If we move each point in this line along the arrow defined by this vector in the direction of the arrow head. This &quot;flows&quot; the entire line along the vectors.

We can (potentially) define a function to implement this flow. Define &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; are points in the space and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; is something like time. As &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;t&lt;/math&gt; goes from zero to some positive number, &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi&lt;/math&gt; moves the points &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;x&lt;/math&gt; along the vectors. To describe this process formally, we say &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi&lt;/math&gt; is the solution to the differential equation

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;\frac{d}{dt} \Phi(x, t) = v(x).&lt;/math&gt;

We want a particular vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v&lt;/math&gt; with certain properties... The proof of the existence of this vector field is long and complicated and we will not go into it here.&lt;ref&gt;It involves concepts such as Thom's isotopy lemma and Mather's controlled vector flows. See Mather 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Using this vector field &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;v&lt;/math&gt; but modified so as to be zero on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq a}&lt;/math&gt;. This vector field defines a function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; such that
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d/dt \Phi(x, t) = v(x)&lt;/math&gt; when &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h(x) \in (a, b]&lt;/math&gt;.
* &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; is defined for &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;0 \leq t \leq h(x) - a&lt;/math&gt; and in this range &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h(\Phi(x, t)) = h(x) - t&lt;/math&gt;.
* the map &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\psi(x) = \Phi(x, b - a)&lt;/math&gt; is a continuous map on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq b}&lt;/math&gt; with range (image?) &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq a}&lt;/math&gt; and fixing &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq a}&lt;/math&gt;.

The function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, 0)&lt;/math&gt; is the identity on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq b}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, b - a) = \psi(x)&lt;/math&gt;, therefore &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi&lt;/math&gt; in the range &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;[0, b - a]&lt;/math&gt; is a homotopy between the identity on &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq b}&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\psi&lt;/math&gt;. This implies 1)???&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 233.&lt;/ref&gt;

Define the distance from a critical point &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\kappa(x) = \min\{ |x - z_i| : z_1, \cdots, z_m \}&lt;/math&gt;. For &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;s &gt; 0 &lt;/math&gt; we define a new vector field

&lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;v_s(x) = \begin{cases}
v(x) &amp; \kappa(x) \geq s \\
\rho(\kappa(x)) v(x) &amp; \kappa(x) \in [s/2, s] \\
0 &amp; \kappa(x) \leq s/2
\end{cases}&lt;/math&gt;

for a smooth non-decreasing function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho&lt;/math&gt; where &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\rho(s/2) = 0&lt;/math&gt;.

Define &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; as the function such that &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;d/dt \Phi(x, t)_s = v_s(x)&lt;/math&gt;. The height function &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;h&lt;/math&gt; is non-increasing along &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; (by implication of bullet point 2?) so points in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c-\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; stay in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c - \epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; when flowed along &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; and therefore &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; is a homotopy equivalence between &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, M_{\leq c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;(\Phi(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, 2\epsilon), M_{\leq c-\epsilon})&lt;/math&gt;. By &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, 2\epsilon)&lt;/math&gt; we mean the space &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c+\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; flowed along &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(x, t)&lt;/math&gt; for a short period of time &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2\epsilon&lt;/math&gt;.

[Prove it has the same critical points and is proper?]

&lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi(M_{\leq c+\epsilon}, 2\epsilon)&lt;/math&gt; takes points in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c+\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c-\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; except for those that come within &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;s&lt;/math&gt; of a critical point within time &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;2\epsilon&lt;/math&gt;.

Therefore, we see how we &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;\Phi_s&lt;/math&gt; can homotopically deform a chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c+\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; to a chain in the union of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{\leq c-\epsilon}&lt;/math&gt; and small neighbourhoods of critical points.&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 234-235.&lt;/ref&gt;

On the assumption of this theorem, we can start with any chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; and deform this chain to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_1+}&lt;/math&gt; using part 1. Then we deform this chain to a chain in the union of &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_1-}&lt;/math&gt; and small balls around the critical points. The (sub?)chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_1-}&lt;/math&gt; is then deformed to a chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_2+}&lt;/math&gt;, which is deformed to a chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_2-} \cup z_{c_2}&lt;/math&gt;, and so on. Eventually, we get to &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M_{c_j-}&lt;/math&gt; which is homotopic to any space &quot;below&quot; it. Therefore, we have deformed our chain in &lt;math display=&quot;inline&quot;&gt;M&lt;/math&gt; to a homotopic chain in the union of small balls around critical points.&lt;ref&gt;Baryshnikov, Melczer and Pemantle 2022, pp. ???.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Pemantle, Wilson and Melczer 2024, pp. 217???&lt;/ref&gt;

[Direct sum of homology generators for relative cycles]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{citation | last1=Baryshnikov | first1=Yuliy | last2=Melczer | first2=Stephen | last3=Pemantle | first3=Robin | title=Stationary Points at Infinity for Analytic Combinatorics | year=2022 | journal=Foundations of Computational Mathematics | volume=22 | number=5 | pages=1631-1664 | url=https://www2.math.upenn.edu/~pemantle/papers/SPAI-published-version.pdf }}.
* {{cite book | last1=Goresky | first1=Mark | last2=MacPherson | first2=Robert | title=Stratified Morse Theory | publisher=Springer-Verlag | year=1988 | url=https://www.math.ias.edu/~goresky/pdf/SMT.djvu }}
* {{cite book | last=Henle | first1=Michael | title=A Combinatorial Introduction to Topology | publisher=Dover Publications Inc. New York | year=1979 }}
* {{citation | last=Mather | first=John | title=Notes on Topological Stability | year=2012 | journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society | volume=49 | number=4 | pages=475-506 | url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2012-49-04/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6/S0273-0979-2012-01383-6.pdf }}.
* {{cite book | last1=Pemantle | first1=Robin | last2=Wilson | first2=Mark C. | last3=Melczer | first3=Stephen | title=Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2024 | edition=2nd | url=https://acsvproject.com/PemantleWilsonMelczer23.pdf }}</text>
      <sha1>67zv312te1dpfjx45d2fxwdc8dh1rro</sha1>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikinews */ archive from [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Projects]] ([[mw:c:Special:MyLanguage/User:JWBTH/CD|CD]])</comment>
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== Correspondence between John Belton and the Continental Congress ==

Hello. [[s:Correspondence between John Belton and the Continental Congress]] is probably going to be deleted from Wikisource as out of scope, would Wikibooks be interested in its import? -- [[User:Jan.Kamenicek|Jan.Kamenicek]] ([[User talk:Jan.Kamenicek|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jan.Kamenicek|contribs]]) 19:27, 3 March 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Jan.Kamenicek|Jan.Kamenicek]] Thank you for checking! We do not host source texts, so it doesn't look like this would be in scope at Wikibooks. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:55, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
== Templates: Refbegin and Refend. ==

These DO NOT seem to work as the documentation indicates throwing lints when used with the form indicated. 

These templates need to be behave consistently, or thrown out and re-written entirely.  

It would be NICE to have ONE set of templates and documentation to accompany them, currently this does not apparently exist, with the relevant templates getting confused between definition lists &lt;nowiki&gt;:&lt;/nowiki&gt; and standard lists {{*}}. 

CONSISTENT behaviour would also be nice.

[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:39, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] I temporarily reduced the protection down for these templates (semi-protection), so you can do the necessary changes. :) [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:38, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

: Thats the thing I'm not sure what the 'stable' repair is, without breaking other stuff :( [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:44, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
== Upcoming deployment of CampaignEvents extension to Wikibooks ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,

We are writing to inform you that the [[mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be deployed to all Wikibooks projects during the week of '''23 March 2026'''.
This follows last year’s broader rollout across Wikimedia projects. We realized that Wikibooks was not included at the time, and we’re now addressing that to ensure consistency across all communities.

The CampaignEvents extension provides tools to support event and campaign organization on-wiki, including features like on-wiki event registration and collaboration lists(global event list).

We welcome any questions, feedback, or concerns you may have. We are also happy to support anyone interested in trying out the tools. 
''Apologies if this message is not in your preferred language. If you’re able to help translate it for your community, please feel free to do so.''
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|discuss]]) 18:22, 19 March 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/MM_target&amp;oldid=30284073 --&gt;

== Regarding the project's FlaggedRevs extension ==

Hello, everyone. I want to discuss with the community about the use of this project's FlaggedRevs (flagged revisions) extension, which was deployed many years ago (and configured recently).

=== Many unreviewed edits, and edit quality options ===
According to [[Special:PendingChanges]], there are almost 4000 unreviewed edits (per the standard FlaggedRevs configuration). In addition, on the edit review interface when evaluating a diff, there are three radio buttons that determine the quality of the edit (minimal, average, good). Do we have to utilize these buttons if the quality of the edit or the book matters, according to [[WB:REVIEW]]? This proposal is to whether discontinue the edit rating buttons or not.

One way to reduce such a large amount of unreviewed edits is to set the following to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt;:
* &lt;code&gt;wgFlaggedRevsProtection&lt;/code&gt; (pending changes protection, to be used on Wikijunior pages; this might negate the need to show the stable version by default)
* (optional) &lt;code&gt;wgSimpleFlaggedRevsUI&lt;/code&gt; (simpler, icon-based UI on the edit review interface)
We should also include the following configuration (partially based from English Wikipedia), if this proposal passes:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;php&quot;&gt;
elseif ( $wgDBname == 'enwikibooks' ) {
		// Limited to the main, Cookbook, and Wikijunior namespaces (T408110)
		$wgFlaggedRevsNamespaces = [ NS_MAIN, 102, 110 ];
		# We have only one tag with one level
		$wgFlaggedRevsTags = [ 'status' =&gt; [ 'levels' =&gt; 1 ] ];
		# Restrict autoconfirmed to flagging semi-protected
		$wgFlaggedRevsTagsRestrictions = [
			'status' =&gt; [ 'review' =&gt; 1, 'autoreview' =&gt; 1 ],
		];
		# Restriction levels for auto-review/review rights
		$wgFlaggedRevsRestrictionLevels = [ 'autoreview' ];
		# Remove 'validate' from reviewers
		$wgGroupPermissions['reviewer']['validate'] = false;
		# Group permissions for sysops
		$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['review'] = true;
		$wgGroupPermissions['sysop']['stablesettings'] = true;
		# Allow sysops to add and remove the 'reviewer' group
		$wgAddGroups['sysop'][] = 'reviewer';
		$wgRemoveGroups['sysop'][] = 'reviewer';
		# Remove the 'editor' user group
		unset( $wgGroupPermissions['editor'] );
	}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Inactive reviewers ===
After conducting an audit of over 1000 reviewers, most, if not many of them are completely inactive.

=== User group changes for reviewers ===
The reviewer user group is known to the software as &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt;, which might sound misleading (the actual [[MediaWiki:Group-editor/qqq|/qqq definition]] is &quot;Editors&quot;). To fix that, we might have to consider switching to &lt;code&gt;reviewer&lt;/code&gt; and unset &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt;.

I am also not sure whether administrators should have the &lt;code&gt;validate&lt;/code&gt; user right, since &lt;code&gt;reviewer&lt;/code&gt; has it on by default (but it is currently disabled). On the above configuration I proposed, administrators (and users in the &lt;code&gt;reviewer&lt;/code&gt; user group) would no longer have &lt;code&gt;validate&lt;/code&gt;.

=== Page patrolling ===
Currently, only administrators can mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) by using the MediaWiki page patrol software, but clicking on &quot;Accept revision&quot; (via FlaggedRevs) would also mark the page as patrolled, in question. I believe that using FlaggedRevs to patrol new pages is redundant, given that we might not want to use one or the other.

If we are considering on switching to pending changes, we should also allow reviewers to mark new pages as patrolled, as they are trusted to have the &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; right in addition to administrators and autoreviewed users.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:05, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

:I agree on replacing &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code&gt;reviewer&lt;/code&gt; to avoid confusion. Reviewers don't need to have patrol permissions as a reviewed page would be patrolled as well. I don't think people will use it much as a page or edit being reviewed already means that it has been checked by someone else. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 16:00, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
::When I said that reviewers would have &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;, they can review new pages that other users created, but not any new pages they create themselves. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:16, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
:::How can that be the case if they have &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 18:26, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
::::I will give you an example. On the English Wikiquote, there are two user groups that have &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;: autopatrollers and patrollers. Autopatrollers have their page creations marked as patrolled by the software, while patrollers (whilst also having their page creations marked as patrolled) can mark new pages as patrolled (in addition to administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:39, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::But what is the point of giving reviewers &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt; if we are already using FlaggedRevs? I think that we won't need patrol because we already have reviewing, and patrol only seems to be a confirmation that the page is up to policy from what I have seen, so giving them reviewers to mark pages as patrolled seems pointless to me when we already have FlaggedRevs. [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 19:06, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
::::::I understand, but my proposal was to convert FlaggedRevs into a protection-like mechanism which would be used alongside page protection; it might turn off FlaggedRevs's ability to patrol new pages for reviewers, hence why I suggested this above. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:30, 22 March 2026 (UTC)
::::::: @[[User:Kingofnuthin|Kingofnuthin]] I will summarize what you said from above:
:::::::* You agree about the reviewer user group to be moved from &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;reviewer&lt;/code&gt; to avoid confusion (technically).
:::::::* However, you probably disagree about allowing reviewers to patrol new pages ''and'' having their page creations automatically marked as patrolled, because FlaggedRevs can do all of this, and &lt;code&gt;$wgUseNPPatrol&lt;/code&gt; might seem to be redundant.
::::::: A compromise about your disagreement is that we might have to consider removing &lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt; and/or &lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt; from our existing user groups, similar to [[phab:T423461]].
::::::: I started this because in addition to that, one of my concerns was the extreme backlog of unreviewed edits and pages [4000!]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 20:31, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:I may be missing some things here, so let me know if I haven't answered any points here:
:# I don't think we currently need to have the review status indicate the quality of the edit (i.e. minimal, average, good). I don't think this is used at all anymore.
:# I think it makes sense to reassign the reviewer user group to &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt;. I always like clarity in language.
:# Are you saying that pages marked as reviewed are currently also classed as patrolled? If that's the case, I think we should not have reviewed pages automatically classed as patrolled, and we should keep reviewing and patrolling separate.
:I'll note that honestly don't know much about patrolling, since I've never engaged with it—I have only ever referenced the reviewing system. If there is a significant functional difference, I would love to know it. Cheers! —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 03:00, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
::When someone clicks &quot;Accept revision&quot; on an unreviewed page, it is listed under [[Special:Log/review]]; if an admin marks a page as patrolled with &quot;Mark this page as patrolled&quot;, it will show up under [[Special:Log/patrol]], which is not really logged much compared to the former log (review). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:12, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
:I agree to your thoughts about the &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt; group and edit quality ratings, but I don't understand what this proposal changes for FlaggedRevs, since I don't have much technical knowledge. Can you explain what the proposal changes here, how are we going to convert FlaggedRevs into a &quot;protection-like mechanism&quot;? [[User:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: lime&quot;&gt;kingofnuthin&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:kingofnuthin|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia; color: teal&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/span&gt;]]) 17:24, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
::The proposal of changing FlaggedRevs into a protection-like feature (pending changes) is when an editor (unregistered/one not holding autoreviewer, reviewer, or administrator permissions) makes an edit, but their edit will be hidden from the public until it is approved by a reviewer or an administrator, and it will solely apply to Wikijunior pages. The configuration above is similar to what English Wikipedia uses.
{{quote|::I think it makes sense to reassign the reviewer user group to &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt;.}}
::@[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]: I believe you might have misunderstood. What I meant is that &lt;code&gt;(editor)&lt;/code&gt; will be changed to &lt;code&gt;(reviewer)&lt;/code&gt; to avoid confusion, but I plan to remove &lt;code&gt;editor&lt;/code&gt; from all inactive reviewers, then do the same for recently active reviewers. However, given that there are a lot of reviewers, a script will possibly do all the work (under {{no ping|Maintenance script}} or similar). [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:29, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
:::Gotcha! I can't currently foresee an issue with this —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 01:09, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
:'''Re FlaggedRevs generally: '''The [[mw:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Mediawiki page of the extension]] says it is not being maintained and not recommended for production use. We should consider whether we need this extension at all. 
:What is the actual policy justification for having FlaggedRevs? 
:[[Help:Tracking_changes#Reviewing_pages]] says it's &quot;our primary counter-vandalism tool&quot;. I don't know if it is that: it doesn't prevent vandalism or reduce exposure to vandalism (as with stable versions). The &quot;counter-vandalism&quot; bit comes from human editors looking at the edits, identifying vandalism, and reverting. FlaggedRevs isn't necessary for that. Maybe it makes it a little easier to spot edits in recent changes from new editors that may need a little more help (wikicode etc, not just spam), but can that be achieved just with the patrolled edits functionality? 
:If we still want something like FlaggedRevs, as an anti-vandalism tool or for draft control, then Mediawiki has a [[mw:Content approval extensions|list of alternatives]] that may be more suited and better maintained. 
:'''Re minimal/average/good specifically:''' I agree that we don't need the three categories. I thought I read somewhere that these were intended to show the quality of the REVIEW not of the page? That is, a &quot;minimal&quot; review is &quot;I checked there was no obvious vandalism&quot; and a &quot;good&quot; review was &quot;I've thoroughly fact-checked everything&quot;. [[User:JCrue|JCrue]] ([[User talk:JCrue|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JCrue|contribs]]) 11:34, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
:: This was enabled back in 2008, which resulted in [[Wikibooks:New page patrol]] currently being obsolete. To be honest, I would keep FlaggedRevs, but I was proposing to change it to pending changes protection, similar to how Wikipedia utilizes it. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:04, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:Pinging &lt;span class=&quot;template-ping&quot;&gt;@[[:User:JJPMaster|JJPMaster]]:&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;template-ping&quot;&gt;@[[:User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]]:&lt;/span&gt; for additional input. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: smaller;&quot; class=&quot;autosigned&quot;&gt;—Preceding [[w:Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment added 22:29, 22 March 2026.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--Template:Undated--&gt;
: After considering, I went ahead and created a separate proposal about FlaggedRevs; [[Wikibooks:Reading room/Proposals#Proposal related to FlaggedRevs|here you go]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:48, 6 May 2026 (UTC)

== Global ban for Faster than Thunder ==

* {{user|Faster than Thunder}}
Hello, this message is to notify that [[User:Faster than Thunder|Faster than Thunder]] has been nominated for a global ban at [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Faster than Thunder]]. You are receiving this notification as required per the [[m:global ban|global ban]] policy as they have made at least 1 edit on this wiki. Thanks, --[[User:SHB2000|SHB2000]] ([[User talk:SHB2000|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/SHB2000|contribs]]) 01:52, 22 March 2026 (UTC)

== Upcoming Wikimedia Café meetup regarding the [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]] ==

{{tmbox
| image = [[File:Wikimedia Café logo in plain SVG format.svg|45px]]
| type=notice
| text  = Hello! There will be a '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Café|Wikimedia Café]]''' meetup on '''Saturday, 11 April 2026 at 14:00 UTC''', focusing on the [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|the 2026-2027 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan]]. The featured guests will be {{Noping|KStineRowe (WMF)|label1=Kelsi Stine-Rowe}} (senior manager, [[:meta:Movement Communications|Movement Communications]], Wikimedia Foundation), and {{Noping|Samwalton9 (WMF)|label1=Sam Walton}} (senior product manager, [[:mw:Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]], Wikimedia Foundation). &lt;br /&gt;

In addition to this Café session, [[:meta:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Collaboration|several additional meetings regarding the Annual Plan are listed on the Collaboration page]], and you may participate on the [[:meta:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. &lt;br /&gt;

This Café meetup will be approximately two hours long. Attendees may choose to attend only for a part. Please see the Café page for more information, including [[:meta:Wikimedia Café#Signups for the April 2026 session|how to register]]. &lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Buntstifte Eberhard Faber crop 64h.jpg|860px|alt=cropped image of colored pencils]]
}}
&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[[User:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#01796f; text-shadow:#00BFFF 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;↠Pine&lt;/span&gt;]] [[User talk:Pine|&lt;span style=&quot;color:DeepSkyBlue&quot;&gt;(&lt;b style=&quot;color:#FFDF00;text-shadow:#FFDF00 0 0 1.0em&quot;&gt;✉&lt;/b&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt; 05:23, 29 March 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews ==

Hello, as Wikinews was moving to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard#Board_of_Trustees_Approves_Closure_of_Wikinews closure in a month], I am wondering if you wanted to open a new &quot;book&quot; for news following Wikinews workflows: there are some style and content requirements, a peer review process. And, a few days after an article is published, it becomes archived and is no longer editable. Then migration off-site to e.g. Miraheze can be avoided. This was not discussed in Wikinews internally, but I am wondering if this site would be open to such an addition. [[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]] 09:38, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

:Links: [[:n:WN:CG|content guide]], [[:n:w:SG|style guide]], [[:n:Main Page|home page]]. Reviewers would need to apply for flagged revs permissions. [[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]] 09:40, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
:Note it was about all language editions, so some way for users to write in multiple languages would be needed. [[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]] 09:41, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
:@[[User:Gryllida|Gryllida]] Thank you for letting us know! I think it would take a large community discussion to decide on something like this for a few reasons:
:* News violates established Wikibooks policies (see [[WB:NEWS]]).
:* News wouldn't fit neatly into our current content structuring, which is optimized for a different kind of content.
:I'll let other people chime in here, but it seems on first glance like it would be a big sell. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 19:23, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
::Given the lack of followup here, I think it's safe to say this is not happening. There's some discussion of other potential migration paths at [[:meta:Migration of Wikinews and future hosts]]. [[User:Omphalographer|Omphalographer]] ([[User talk:Omphalographer|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Omphalographer|contribs]]) 21:04, 1 September 2026 (UTC)

== Regarding copyright of recipes found on online cooking forums ==

What is the copyright situation regarding cooking recipes found on online recipe books with recipes made by other people? I ask this because I want to add/translate recipes from 下厨房 (xià chúfáng) for Chinese recipes, and while I was intending to add the original writer of the recipe with the translation I still want to ask for clarification. 

[[User:Fukukitaru|Fukukitaru]] ([[User talk:Fukukitaru|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fukukitaru|contribs]]) 19:06, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

:Recipes are in principle not copyright-able, as they are just facts. When someone includes descriptive text or anything that elaborates on the basic ingredients and steps, that is copyright-able. I am not a lawyer or legal scholar and cannot give legal advice. See (e.g.) https://www.copyrightlaws.com/copyright-protection-recipes/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 19:16, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
::In that case, would simplifying ingredients and methods to where they are simple yet can still be understood be sufficient for said recipes? [[User:Fukukitaru|Fukukitaru]] ([[User talk:Fukukitaru|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fukukitaru|contribs]]) 19:23, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
:::Yes, you can add a recipe here as long as the instructions and text are not too overlapping with the copyrighted original. As the linked page says, the '''ideas''' behind the ingredient list and steps to prepare a given food item are not currently copyrightable, but the way you write the ideas may be copyrightable. You should also cite where you took the recipe from so we can trace its origins. I personally recommend only adding recipes that you have successfully made so we don't become a massive repository of potentially low-quality or untested recipes—I only add recipes once I have made them successfully. Let me know if you have any more questions about the Cookbook! Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 21:06, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
::::To build up on this, if you want to understand what is copyright-able and what is not, the &quot;[[:w:en:Idea–expression distinction|idea versus expression]]&quot; distinction. You cannot own the idea of &quot;Boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy and girl commit suicide&quot; but you can copyright a specific version of ''Romeo and Juliet'' with your own innovative ideas. And, for that matter, this is context-specific, but if you can understand the distinction, it can help with future questions about &quot;could this be protected by copyright?&quot;, which can be a subtle one. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:50, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::To further build up on this, there's something called the merger doctrine (see ''[[w:Baker v. Selden|Baker v. Selden]]''). This is why you can't copyright drawings of [[w:Structural formula|structural formulas]]. This doctrine means that if there's only one or a handful of ways to express an idea, then any such expression cannot be copyrighted, since copyrighting that expression would essentially be copyrighting the idea itself. This comes in a lot with recipes. I very likely can't copyright this list (from [[Cookbook:Cornmeal Pancakes (Arepa)]]:
:::::* 2.4 cups corn flour
:::::* 1.2 tsp salt
:::::* 0.6 cup grated white cheese
:::::* 2.4 cups cool water 
:::::Since there's essentially only one way to express the idea of that combination of ingredients. However, if I say:
:::::* 2.4 cups corn flour: for this, I strongly recommend Harina P.A.N., because my grandma always used to make me arepas from that stuff every day, and it was delicious.
:::::That is copyrightable. At that point, I cease to merely be expressing the idea of a food item with those four ingredients, and add a minimum degree of creativity. [[User:JJPMaster|JJP]]&lt;sub&gt;[[User talk:JJPMaster|Mas]]&lt;sub&gt;[[Special:Contributions/JJPMaster|ter]]&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; ([[wikt:she|she]]/[[wikt:they|they]]) 02:02, 31 March 2026 (UTC)
::::::And to build on all &lt;em&gt;that&lt;/em&gt;, even if individual pieces of information are in the public domain (or are fair use), the &lt;em&gt;arrangement&lt;/em&gt; of them can be copyrighted. This is why even if ''Bartlett's Quotations'' only had public domain material, the act of selectively editing and positioning them thematically for the user's benefit could constitute a sufficiently original work. So we could copy the material from a bunch of recipes, but could run a foul of copyright issues if we arranged and sorted them in some kind of manner that replicated someone else's original work. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:28, 31 March 2026 (UTC)</text>
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Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context.</text>
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Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context.

Category: Programming

Function · block · catch · local · Lisp and Maxima · garbage_collect · do · while · unless · for · from · thru · step · next · in · errcatch · error · warning · errormsg · errormsg · go · if · prederror · return · throw · sstatus · status
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Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context.


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=== Functions ===

=== Lisp and Maxima ===</text>
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Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context.


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=== Functions ===

=== Lisp and Maxima ===</text>
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Although Maxima is not a general-purpose programming language, Maxima as a CAS includes among the built-in ingredients a relatively complete set of programming expressions that are useful for the intended context.


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=== Functions ===

=== Lisp and Maxima ===

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    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Lancia/VIN Codes</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}  Positions 1-3 - Lancia WMI: : ZLA = Lancia Italy  4th digit - Line: :E -&gt; [[w:Lancia Beta#In North America|Lancia Beta]] ('81) :F -&gt; [[w:Lancia Beta#In North America|Lancia Zagato]] ('81-'82)  5th digit - Body Style: :C -&gt; 2-door Fastback Coupe :S -&gt; 2-door Convertible  6th digit - Model: :0 -&gt; Basic (Standard model) :4 -&gt; Special ('81 Lancia Zagato Special Edition)  7th digit - Restraint System: :0 -&gt; Manual seat b...&quot;</comment>
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Positions 1-3 - Lancia WMI:
: ZLA = Lancia Italy

4th digit - Line:
:E -&gt; [[w:Lancia Beta#In North America|Lancia Beta]] ('81)
:F -&gt; [[w:Lancia Beta#In North America|Lancia Zagato]] ('81-'82)

5th digit - Body Style:
:C -&gt; 2-door Fastback Coupe
:S -&gt; 2-door Convertible

6th digit - Model:
:0 -&gt; Basic (Standard model)
:4 -&gt; Special ('81 Lancia Zagato Special Edition)

7th digit - Restraint System:
:0 -&gt; Manual seat belts

8th digit - Engine:
:C -&gt; 2.0L DOHC 8-valve I4. [[w:Fiat Twin Cam engine|Fiat Twin Cam engine]]. Bosch L-Jetronic multiport fuel injection. 

9th digit - Check Digit: 
:[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

10th digit - Model Year:                     
:[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

11th digit - Plant of Manufacture:
:0  -&gt; Lancia Chivasso plant, Chivasso, Turin, Piedmont, Italy

12-17 digit - Production Sequence Number

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== A question about the user right move-subpages ==

Even though reviewers have the ability to move 100 pages per minute (per InitialiseSettings.php), they do not have &lt;code&gt;move-subpages&lt;/code&gt;, which allows moving a book (with all its subpages) in one single action. Is this user right considered sensitive (hence it is restricted to administrators by default)? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:23, 9 July 2026 (UTC)

:I'm not 100% sure what the problem is as long as mass moving is limited to admins in the first place, as this can really cause problems (I recently encountered this mass-moving 100 out of c. 260 pages on a wiki). I support filing a ticket at [[:phab:]] to extend [[:mw:Manual:$wgMaximumMovedPages|$wgMaximumMovedPages]] to 1,000. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:33, 9 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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== A question about the user right move-subpages ==

Even though reviewers have the ability to move 100 pages per minute (per InitialiseSettings.php), they do not have &lt;code&gt;move-subpages&lt;/code&gt;, which allows moving a book (with all its subpages) in one single action. Is this user right considered sensitive (hence it is restricted to administrators by default)? [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:23, 9 July 2026 (UTC)

:I'm not 100% sure what the problem is as long as mass moving is limited to admins in the first place, as this can really cause problems (I recently encountered this mass-moving 100 out of c. 260 pages on a wiki). I support filing a ticket at [[:phab:]] to extend [[:mw:Manual:$wgMaximumMovedPages|$wgMaximumMovedPages]] to 1,000. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:33, 9 July 2026 (UTC)
== Viewing unreviewed changes, and recent changes, for a particular book ==

I've recently started editing [[Chess Opening Theory]] after a long hiatus. Two things
* How can I view recent edits, for this book alone. I'm aware of [[Using_Wikibooks/How_To_Edit_A_Wikibook#Watching All Pages in a Book|Watching All Pages in a Book]], which was well hidden on the page on editing, rather than on tracking changes (since rectified), but the advice there is unhelpful. Option 1 is entirely impractical, as one cannot add hundreds of pages one does not know about, and Option 2 simply doesn't work. For example, at this moment, there are 12 relevant edits listed in the main [[Special:RecentChanges]] page (which goes back to 9 July), but the suggested [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chess_Opening_Theory Related Changes] only lists pages directly linked from the top level.
* Similarly, how can one see the unreviewed changes for this book (or even all the books, where I can at least manually filter). I noticed a whole lot going back more than a month and approved most of them, but this was only through some tedious digging around through user contributions and page histories.
**Partially answering this question myself, there's [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3APendingChanges&amp;namespace=&amp;tagFilter=&amp;limit=50&amp;category=&amp;size= this page]. Which brings up a followup question. My contributions page doesn't list the changes I've approved (only the one I declined). Is there a way to see these? [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 21:38, 13 July 2026 (UTC)
Thanks! [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 21:29, 13 July 2026 (UTC)

:At the risk of sounding pedantic, a hack for the first problem whereby [[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Chess_Opening_Theory]] only shows changes that are linked to the top page of the book directly and not all sub-pages or sub-sub-sub-pages, etc. is to just make them all linked from the top page. This can be done with a template that may make it a little more pretty or discreet than a huge list of links. ―[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:black&quot;&gt;v&lt;/span&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:53, 14 July 2026 (UTC)
::Thanks, but this doesn't really help. Besides having to add thousands of links to the front page, which certainly shouldn't be displayed there, when someone adds a new variation (which is what a large portion of the edits are), the new entry won't appear on Recent Changes until specifically linked from the front page. [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 17:23, 15 July 2026 (UTC)
:@[[User:Greenman|Greenman]] I think using the book categories at [[Special:UnreviewedPages]] might be helpful here—is [https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AUnreviewedPages&amp;namespace=0&amp;category=Book%3AChess+Opening+Theory this] approximately what you're looking for? —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:24, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Greenman|Greenman]] I think you're also looking for [[Special:Log/review]]. Cheers —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 18:32, 16 July 2026 (UTC)
:::Thanks, those are helpful. [[User:Greenman|Greenman]] ([[User talk:Greenman|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Greenman|contribs]]) 15:04, 18 July 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>A healthy lifestyle starts with small, consistent choices such as eating well, staying active, sleeping properly, and taking care of your mental well-being.</comment>
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      <text bytes="314" sha1="sxkvxabzpwiadk6xotpxgftljisjlzh" xml:space="preserve">=== Health Tips ===
Health tips focus on simple ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eating nutritious foods, drinking enough water, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and managing stress can help improve overall health and well-being.Small healthy habits can make a positive difference in everyday life.</text>
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      <comment>Marking for speedy deletion: Out of scope</comment>
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=== Health Tips ===
Health tips focus on simple ways to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Eating nutritious foods, drinking enough water, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and managing stress can help improve overall health and well-being.Small healthy habits can make a positive difference in everyday life.</text>
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      <comment>/* */ Iaiaiaiaia</comment>
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== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:User:Jamal123lll]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[User talk:Jamal123lll|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:47, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:User:Idontknowidkh/sandbox]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[User talk:Idontknowidkh/sandbox|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:49, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination</comment>
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== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:User:Amstshakila]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time.  If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[User talk:Amstshakila|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 10:53, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>/* The Beginner’s Guide to Better Photography */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="7099" sha1="04pteqebf8yw64umhcoh9kmj4wh83df" xml:space="preserve">== The Beginner’s Guide to Better Photography ==

Photography is more than simply pointing a camera and pressing the shutter button. A good photograph combines light, composition, timing, and creativity to communicate an idea or feeling. The good news is that you do not need expensive equipment or years of experience to start taking better photos.

With a few basic techniques and regular practice, beginners can make noticeable improvements. This guide covers the essential photography principles every new photographer should understand.

== Learn How Your Camera Works ==
Before focusing on advanced techniques, spend some time learning your camera. Whether you use a smartphone, compact camera, or DSLR, understand the basic settings that control your images.

Three important camera settings are:

* '''Shutter speed:''' Controls how long the camera sensor receives light. Faster speeds can help freeze moving subjects.
* '''Aperture:''' Controls the lens opening and affects both exposure and background blur.
* '''ISO:''' Controls the camera sensor's sensitivity to light. Higher ISO can help in darker environments but may introduce image noise.

Understanding how these settings work together will give you more control over your photographs.

== Pay Attention to Light ==
Light can completely change the appearance of a photograph. Before taking a picture, look at where the light is coming from and how it falls on your subject.

Natural light is often a great starting point for beginners. Soft morning or late-afternoon light can create pleasant results, while harsh midday sunlight can produce strong shadows.

Instead of always shooting from the same position, move around your subject and observe how different lighting directions affect the image.

== Use Simple Composition Techniques ==
Composition determines how the elements of a photograph are arranged inside the frame. Strong composition can make even a simple subject more interesting.

One useful technique is the '''rule of thirds'''. Imagine your frame divided into nine equal sections using two horizontal and two vertical lines. Placing important subjects near these lines or their intersections can create a balanced composition.

You can also experiment with:

* Leading lines
* Symmetry
* Negative space
* Patterns
* Framing
* Different camera angles

Do not treat these techniques as strict rules. Use them as starting points and experiment to find what works for your subject.

== Keep Your Subject Clear ==
A photograph usually works best when viewers can quickly understand what the main subject is. Before pressing the shutter, check the background for distracting objects, bright spots, or unnecessary details.

You can simplify the scene by changing your position, adjusting your framing, or choosing a different background.

For portraits, for example, a clean background can help keep attention on the person. For product photography, a simple and controlled setup can make the product easier to see.

== Try Different Perspectives ==
Many beginners take every photograph from eye level. While this can work, changing your perspective can create much more interesting results.

Try taking photographs from:

* A lower angle
* A higher angle
* Close to the ground
* A side position
* Behind or beside the subject

Changing your position can reveal shapes, details, and relationships that may not be visible from a standard viewpoint.

== Focus Carefully ==
Sharp focus is particularly important when photographing people, products, animals, or objects with important details.

Before taking the picture, identify the most important part of your subject and make sure the camera focuses there. Many modern cameras and smartphones provide autofocus features that make this easier.

Also, avoid relying entirely on autofocus. Learning when and how to control focus manually can become useful as your skills develop.

== Avoid Overusing Zoom ==
Digital zoom can reduce image quality because it enlarges part of the image rather than capturing additional detail. When possible, move closer to your subject instead.

If your camera has an optical zoom lens, you can use it when moving closer is not practical. Optical zoom generally preserves more detail than digital enlargement.

== Take Multiple Photos and Review Them ==
Photography improves through practice. Do not worry if every photograph is not successful.

Take several photos of the same subject while changing your composition, camera angle, focus, or exposure. Later, compare the results and ask yourself:

* Is the subject easy to see?
* Is the image properly exposed?
* Is anything distracting in the background?
* Does the composition feel balanced?
* Could a different angle improve the photograph?

This habit helps you understand what works and what does not.

== Learn Basic Photo Editing ==
Even well-captured photographs can benefit from simple editing. Basic adjustments can improve brightness, contrast, color, cropping, and overall balance.

Start with small changes rather than applying heavy effects. Over-editing can make photographs look unnatural and may hide useful details.

Learning basic editing also helps you correct minor issues and create a consistent visual style.

== Practice With Everyday Subjects ==
You do not need to travel to famous locations to improve your photography. Everyday subjects can provide excellent practice opportunities.

Try photographing:

* Food
* Buildings
* Plants
* Pets
* Family members
* Streets
* Products
* Everyday objects

Give yourself small challenges, such as photographing one object from five different angles or creating several compositions using the same subject.

== Study Photos From Other Photographers ==
Looking at photographs created by experienced photographers can help you understand composition, lighting, color, and storytelling.

Instead of simply deciding whether you like a photograph, analyze it. Ask yourself why it works. Notice the direction of the light, placement of the subject, use of color, perspective, and background.

Over time, this develops your visual awareness and helps you make better creative decisions.

== Be Patient and Keep Experimenting ==
Improving your photography takes time. You may make mistakes with exposure, focus, composition, or lighting while learning. That is completely normal.

The most important thing is to keep experimenting. Try different subjects, locations, lighting conditions, and camera settings. Review your results and learn from each session.

Better photography does not require the most expensive camera or complicated equipment. Strong results often come from understanding light, composition, focus, perspective, and timing.

Start with the basics, practice regularly, and review your photographs with a critical eye. As you gain experience, you will naturally develop a better understanding of what makes an image effective and your photography will improve along the way. [[User:Designbd|Designbd]] ([[User talk:Designbd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Designbd|contribs]]) 11:16, 7 September 2026 (UTC)</text>
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